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  • bog
  • ddc:380
  • 2020-2024  (26)
  • 2020-2023  (19)
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  • 1
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    Insights into Organic Carbon, Iron, Metals and Phosphorus Dynamics in Freshwaters (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Organic carbon (OC), nutrients and trace metals are key aquatic components of freshwater systems, including groundwater, soil water, lakes, rivers, and their estuaries. Over the past decade, there has been increasing interest regarding the rising in organic carbon and iron concentrations in freshwaters in relation to the so-called “browning” effect, caused by climate warming and changes in anthropogenic pressure. As for phosphorus, it is a vital element for all aquatic ecosystems and its aquatic biogeochemical cycle now undergoes sizable changes linked to eutrophication, invasive species development, and transformations between organic and inorganic forms. This book combines the articles dedicated to various aspects of the behavior of organic carbon, phosphorus, iron (and other related metals) in a broad range of freshwater environments, from soil solutions and groundwaters to ponds, lakes, rivers, and their riparian zones and estuaries.
    Keywords: river flux ; weathering ; organic matter ; permafrost ; trace element ; river ; lake ; trace metals ; carbon ; season ; thermokarst ; Western Siberia ; wetland ; dissolved iron ; Amur river ; hydrochemistry ; forest ; landscape ; lithology ; carbonate rocks ; major element ; river water ; major ions ; background concentration ; water discharge ; northern West Siberia ; bog ; iron ; colloids ; freshwater mussels ; trace elements ; biominerals ; bioindicators ; Northeastern Europe ; boreal ; subarctic ; geochemistry of phosphorus ; continental runoff ; river mouth ; snow ; heavy metal ; gas flaring ; pollution ; BLM ; TOC ; DOC ; Fe ; historical data ; metals ; nutrients ; watershed ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    Feature Papers of Drones Vol. 2 (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint compiles the articles, communications, and review articles from top researchers describing novel or new cutting-edge designs, developments, and/or applications of unmanned vehicles. This reprint encompasses the key topics related to drone design, communications as well as autonomous Flight and Navigation. Special attention is paid to the drones’ applications to environmental and earth sciences, including in agriculture, forestry, water, and marine environments; other innovative applications are also explored including in relation to the field of application, such as the inclusion of new deep learning techniques.
    Keywords: convolutional neural network ; deep learning ; transfer learning ; point clouds ; structural damage assessment ; vegetation indices ; RGB cameras ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; empirical line method ; Green leaf index ; open aerial map ; autonomous ; hexacopter ; water quality ; water stratification ; water temperature ; drones ; Martian atmosphere ; thermal analysis ; aerodynamics ; thermoelectric generators ; hyperspectral images ; multispectral data ; machine learning ; ice detection ; UAS ; GCP ; 3D point cloud ; DSM ; image processing accuracy ; actual evapotranspiration ; high spatiotemporal resolution ; multispectral imagery ; thermal infrared imagery ; METRIC energy balance model ; irrigated field crops ; precision agriculture ; travelling salesman problem ; UAV-based precision farming ; Euclidean distance ; Voronoi ; site-specific fertilizer spray ; UAV ; RPAAS ; aerial application ; backpack sprayer ; spray deposition ; droplet spectra ; palmer amaranth ; morningglory ; Reforming-Controlled Compression Ignition ; UAV applications ; exergy analysis ; hydrogen ; dimethyl ether ; fuel reactivity control ; FANETs ; ad hoc networking ; drone swarms ; efficient routing ; traffic monitoring ; 4G/LTE ; VPN ; real-time video ; computer vision ; unmanned aerial systems ; autonomous systems ; wildland fire ; forest fires ; fire detection ; UAVs ; safety ; signal processing ; condition-based maintenance ; structural health monitoring ; fault diagnostics ; fault mitigation ; contingency planning ; streamflow ; sediment loading ; digital terrain model ; rocky coast ; Galicia ; ecosystems ; geomorphic change detection ; GIS ; drone ; dragonfly ; insect ; biomimetic ; biological inspiration ; design ; remote sensing ; coral reefs ; linear unmixing ; R ; Google Earth Engine ; persistent surveillance ; hierarchical architecture of UAV teaming ; communication aware UAV formation ; dynamical object tracking ; intercommunication quality ; UAV-based monitoring ; agricultural robotics ; plant disease detection ; RGB images ; Cercospora leaf spot ; CNNs ; semantic segmentation ; phenotyping ; bog ; Oculus Quest 2 ; Mer Bleue ; SfM ; augmented reality ; AR ; unmanned aerial systems (UAS) ; aerial photogrammetry ; habitat monitoring ; braided river habitats ; efficiency ; data envelopment analysis (DEA) ; civilian use ; factors ; design and selection ; law-making ; mind-mining ; expert groups ; literature study ; triple helix model (THM) ; analytic hierarchy process (AHP) ; collision avoidance ; depth cameras ; point cloud ; CPU ; GPU ; spiral ; Mars ; autogyro ; gyroplane ; autonomous flight ; indoor positioning ; cyber pilot ; sensor fusion ; distributed electric propulsion ; boundary layer ingestion ; propeller ; fixed wing ; aerial drones ; autonomous navigation ; path planning ; reactive control ; obstacle avoidance ; sense-and-avoid ; hybrid navigation method ; dynamic environments ; small unmanned aircraft systems ; photogrammetry ; structure-from-motion ; wind impact ; turbulence ; crash scene reconstruction ; traffic incident management ; detection ; CBRNe ; MOX ; chemical sensor ; simulation ; fluid dynamics simulations ; green water ; integrated water management strategies ; smallholder farms ; water productivity ; localization ; communication ; drone swarm ; lidar ; streams ; canopy height ; roughness ; vegetation density ; change detection ; NB-IoT ; network analysis ; simulations ; landslides ; multispectral ; RGB ; vegetation monitoring ; legislation ; ethics ; spatial social sciences ; advanced leak detection ; advanced leak quantification ; source estimation ; environmental monitoring ; landfill ; natural gas ; human–swarm interaction ; situation awareness ; user-centered interface design ; thermal imaging ; blackbody ; emissivity ; thermography ; base stations ; cellular networks ; photovoltaic system ; battery ; search and rescue ; autonomous drones ; acceleration ; deceleration ; drone classification ; CNN ; HERM lines ; micro-Doppler ; radars ; aeromagnetics ; drone survey ; mineral exploration ; geophysical prospecting ; speed ; RFID ; inventory ; labor ; forecast ; drone technology ; aquaculture ; precision aquaculture ; aquaculture monitoring ; aquaculture drones ; internet of things ; swarm robotics ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; evolutionary game theory ; evolutionary algorithm ; surveillance system ; multi-objective optimisation ; digital elevation model (DEM) ; digital surface model (DSM) ; orthomosaic ; Earth observation ; unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) ; social acceptance ; urban air mobility (UAM) ; CORUS-XUAM ; proper orthogonal decomposition ; cellular-enabled drones ; aerial base stations ; 5G/B5G/6G cellular networks ; gesture recognition ; small drone ; long-distance surveillance ; ground target tracking ; track-to-track association ; image-to-position conversion ; anti-collision radar ; autonomous flight unmanned aerial system ; obstacle detection ; radar mapping ; unmanned aerial system (UAS) ; n/a ; grazing density ; nutrient ; pasture management ; forage grass ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Feature Papers of Drones Vol. 1 (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint compiles the articles, communications, and review articles from top researchers describing novel or new cutting-edge designs, developments, and/or applications of unmanned vehicles. This reprint encompasses the key topics related to drone design, communications as well as autonomous Flight and Navigation. Special attention is paid to the drones’ applications to environmental and earth sciences, including in agriculture, forestry, water, and marine environments; other innovative applications are also explored including in relation to the field of application, such as the inclusion of new deep learning techniques.
    Keywords: convolutional neural network ; deep learning ; transfer learning ; point clouds ; structural damage assessment ; vegetation indices ; RGB cameras ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; empirical line method ; Green leaf index ; open aerial map ; autonomous ; hexacopter ; water quality ; water stratification ; water temperature ; drones ; Martian atmosphere ; thermal analysis ; aerodynamics ; thermoelectric generators ; hyperspectral images ; multispectral data ; machine learning ; ice detection ; UAS ; GCP ; 3D point cloud ; DSM ; image processing accuracy ; actual evapotranspiration ; high spatiotemporal resolution ; multispectral imagery ; thermal infrared imagery ; METRIC energy balance model ; irrigated field crops ; precision agriculture ; travelling salesman problem ; UAV-based precision farming ; Euclidean distance ; Voronoi ; site-specific fertilizer spray ; UAV ; RPAAS ; aerial application ; backpack sprayer ; spray deposition ; droplet spectra ; palmer amaranth ; morningglory ; Reforming-Controlled Compression Ignition ; UAV applications ; exergy analysis ; hydrogen ; dimethyl ether ; fuel reactivity control ; FANETs ; ad hoc networking ; drone swarms ; efficient routing ; traffic monitoring ; 4G/LTE ; VPN ; real-time video ; computer vision ; unmanned aerial systems ; autonomous systems ; wildland fire ; forest fires ; fire detection ; UAVs ; safety ; signal processing ; condition-based maintenance ; structural health monitoring ; fault diagnostics ; fault mitigation ; contingency planning ; streamflow ; sediment loading ; digital terrain model ; rocky coast ; Galicia ; ecosystems ; geomorphic change detection ; GIS ; drone ; dragonfly ; insect ; biomimetic ; biological inspiration ; design ; remote sensing ; coral reefs ; linear unmixing ; R ; Google Earth Engine ; persistent surveillance ; hierarchical architecture of UAV teaming ; communication aware UAV formation ; dynamical object tracking ; intercommunication quality ; UAV-based monitoring ; agricultural robotics ; plant disease detection ; RGB images ; Cercospora leaf spot ; CNNs ; semantic segmentation ; phenotyping ; bog ; Oculus Quest 2 ; Mer Bleue ; SfM ; augmented reality ; AR ; unmanned aerial systems (UAS) ; aerial photogrammetry ; habitat monitoring ; braided river habitats ; efficiency ; data envelopment analysis (DEA) ; civilian use ; factors ; design and selection ; law-making ; mind-mining ; expert groups ; literature study ; triple helix model (THM) ; analytic hierarchy process (AHP) ; collision avoidance ; depth cameras ; point cloud ; CPU ; GPU ; spiral ; Mars ; autogyro ; gyroplane ; autonomous flight ; indoor positioning ; cyber pilot ; sensor fusion ; distributed electric propulsion ; boundary layer ingestion ; propeller ; fixed wing ; aerial drones ; autonomous navigation ; path planning ; reactive control ; obstacle avoidance ; sense-and-avoid ; hybrid navigation method ; dynamic environments ; small unmanned aircraft systems ; photogrammetry ; structure-from-motion ; wind impact ; turbulence ; crash scene reconstruction ; traffic incident management ; detection ; CBRNe ; MOX ; chemical sensor ; simulation ; fluid dynamics simulations ; green water ; integrated water management strategies ; smallholder farms ; water productivity ; localization ; communication ; drone swarm ; lidar ; streams ; canopy height ; roughness ; vegetation density ; change detection ; NB-IoT ; network analysis ; simulations ; landslides ; multispectral ; RGB ; vegetation monitoring ; legislation ; ethics ; spatial social sciences ; advanced leak detection ; advanced leak quantification ; source estimation ; environmental monitoring ; landfill ; natural gas ; human–swarm interaction ; situation awareness ; user-centered interface design ; thermal imaging ; blackbody ; emissivity ; thermography ; base stations ; cellular networks ; photovoltaic system ; battery ; search and rescue ; autonomous drones ; acceleration ; deceleration ; drone classification ; CNN ; HERM lines ; micro-Doppler ; radars ; aeromagnetics ; drone survey ; mineral exploration ; geophysical prospecting ; speed ; RFID ; inventory ; labor ; forecast ; drone technology ; aquaculture ; precision aquaculture ; aquaculture monitoring ; aquaculture drones ; internet of things ; swarm robotics ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; evolutionary game theory ; evolutionary algorithm ; surveillance system ; multi-objective optimisation ; digital elevation model (DEM) ; digital surface model (DSM) ; orthomosaic ; Earth observation ; unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) ; social acceptance ; urban air mobility (UAM) ; CORUS-XUAM ; proper orthogonal decomposition ; cellular-enabled drones ; aerial base stations ; 5G/B5G/6G cellular networks ; gesture recognition ; small drone ; long-distance surveillance ; ground target tracking ; track-to-track association ; image-to-position conversion ; anti-collision radar ; autonomous flight unmanned aerial system ; obstacle detection ; radar mapping ; unmanned aerial system (UAS) ; n/a ; grazing density ; nutrient ; pasture management ; forage grass ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Building back better : the COVID-19 pandemic and transport policy implications for a developing megacity (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-14
    Description: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected human mobility via lockdowns, social distancing rules, home quarantines, and the full or partial suspension of transportation. Evidence-based policy recommendations are urgently needed to ensure that transport systems have resilience to future pandemic outbreaks, particularly within Global South megacities where demand for public transport is high and reduced access can exacerbate socio-economic inequalities. This study focuses on Metro Manila - a characteristic megacity that experienced one of the most stringent lockdowns worldwide. It analyzes aggregated cell phone and GPS data from Google and Apple that provide a comprehensive representation of mobility behavior before and during the lockdown. While significant decreases are observed for all transport modes, public transport experienced the largest drop (-74.5 %, on average). The study demonstrates that: (i) those most reliant on public transport were disproportionately affected by lockdowns; (ii) public transport was unable to fulfil its role as public service; and, (iii) this drove a paradigm shift towards active mobility. Moving forwards, in the short-term policymakers must promote active mobility and prioritize public transport to reduce unequal access to transport. Longer-term, policymakers must leverage the increased active transport to encourage modal shift via infrastructure investment, and better utilize big data to support decision-making.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Capacity needs assessment in transport innovation living labs : the case of an innovative e-mobility project (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: Cities around the globe are implementing innovative transport solutions as part of measures to address pertinent socio-economic and environmental challenges in urban areas and help drive the transition to low carbon development. Planning and implementing such solutions require an effective and collective approach that includes the needs and aspirations of all relevant stakeholders. In the planning and implementation of urban transport projects, capacity building components have assumed great significance but seem to be the most eluded activity for project implementers. The Living Lab concept, which allows for co-creation in innovation development, presents the opportunity to adopt innovative participatory approach in capacity building activities in transport projects; and is largely seen as a potential catalyst for rapid transformation to low carbon and sustainability transitions in cities. To this end, this paper highlights the usefulness of the Living Lab approach and provides some perspectives on how key elements of the approach are adapted in the process of assessing the capacity needs of nine (9) cities in planning and implementing e-mobility innovations. The cities are participating in an innovation research project. In the case studied, the project’s capacity needs assessment process was analyzed using an assessment framework built on four (4) key elements of the Living Lab approach, namely: extent of real-life contextualization, level of participation, diversity of stakeholders, and the time span of engagement. Insights from the assessment suggest that relevant project partners and city representatives with diverse expertise were actively involved from the onset and throughout the first 5 months of the project in defining and refining the capacity needs of partner cities based on local e-mobility conditions. This co-creative process helped determine priority areas where the need for capacity building mostly lied. Designing and operationalizing capacity building interventions tailored to the identified needs, as realized in the project, could therefore help build the necessary capacity and complement other measures aimed at developing e-mobility in the project’s partner cities.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Flottenwende : zur Elektrifizierung leichter Nutzfahrzeuge in kommunalen Flotten ; Anforderungen der Praxis (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Kommunen und kommunale Unternehmen können ihre Vorbildfunktion in einer integrierten Stadt- und Verkehrsplanung nutzen, indem sie die Elektrifizierung ihrer Flotte an leichten Nutzfahrzeugen voranbringen. Das kann die Treibhausgasemissionen und Stickstoffdioxidemissionen mindern und einer nachhaltigen Verkehrsentwicklung dienen. Klimaschutz durch Minderung der Kohlendioxidemissionen und Gesundheitsschutz durch Minderung der Stickstoffdioxidemissionen sind zwei zentrale Gründe für eine Flottenwende - auch bei den leichten Nutzfahrzeugen.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 7
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    Organizational resilience : how SUITS' local authorities were prepared to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic (2020)
    Coventry : Coventry University
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This SUITS policy brief aims to highlight how the transformational process of the nine local authorities involved in SUITS into learning organizations made these cities far better prepared to cope with the challenges due to the pandemic than they would otherwise have been. Due to the higher levels of organizational resilience and the awareness of individuals' importance during such external crises, the nine local authorities were not just trying to react to the unforeseen challenges, but were able to act with a clear pathway and to use their experiences to facilitate their learning from recent years. Of course, the pandemic could not have been foreseen, but as SUITS local authorities are becoming learning organizations, they are enhancing their organizational capacity. In so doing, they have been learning a required resilience to reduce the "complexity and confusion - of what to do best" in the beginning of the crisis and to cope with the challenges. This advantage was of enormous relevance for the local authorities.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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  • 8
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    Die Klimaschutzwirkung der Flottenverbrauchsnorm in Deutschland : Möglichkeiten zur Erhöhung der Ambition und flankierende Politikinstrumente (2021)
    Berlin : Forschungsverbund Erneuerbare Energien
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Im Folgenden wird die Klimaschutzwirkung der aktuellen Flottenverbrauchsnorm der Europäischen Kommission für Deutschland diskutiert und in den Kontext der im Jahr 2020 signifikant angestiegenen Zahl von verkauften Pkw mit Elektromotor gesetzt. Dabei wird die aktuelle Entwicklung der Pkw-Flotte in Deutschland mit mehreren Szenarien verglichen. Erstens wird eine mögliche Verschärfung aktuell gültigen Rechts im Sinne eines European Green Deal angedacht. Zweitens wird dieser eher technische Zugang verglichen mit der Möglichkeit, durch Vermeidung und Verlagerung auf Fahrten mit dem Pkw zu verzichten. Drittens wird die Rolle von Plug-In-Hybriden diskutiert. Auf dieser Basis werden Politikempfehlungen ausgesprochen, wie die Flottenverbrauchsnorm weiterentwickelt werden kann, um die Klimaschutzambition zu erhöhen.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 9
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    Benchmark: climate and environmentally friendly urban passenger transport : the concepts of the European Green Capitals 2010-2020 (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: It has been widely recognized that there is an urgent need for more sustainable urban transport policy and planning. To understand ambitious policy approaches, "relatively successful" cities are regularly subject of analyses. This paper also focuses on relatively successful cities - by reviewing the application documents of the winner cities of the European Green Capital Award (EGCA). Award schemes not only aim to reward leading participants, but likewise aim to contribute to knowledge transfer and the dissemination of good practice examples to non-participants. So far award schemes and good practice approaches have received limited attention by research. This paper reviews and analyses the application forms of the EGCA winning cities to learn about ambitious policy approaches to sustainable and climate-friendly urban transport.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Moore und Torfe in der Bodenkunde: neuere Aspekte (2022)
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-08
    Description: Im Hinblick auf die Moore und ihre bodenkundliche Kartierung sind in der letzten (3.) Auflage der Bodenkundlichen Kartieranleitung noch nicht alle bodensystematischen und Ansprache-Probleme zufriedenstellend gelöst. Einer erneuten Diskussion bedürfen (1.) die Berücksichtigung pedogener Profildifferenzierungen in unentwässerten und vor allem in entwässerten (bis degradierten) Mooren sowie (2.) die Frage der Aufgliederung von Mooren bzw. Torfen nach ihrer Azidität (und/oder Trophie), dieses nicht zuletzt hinsichtlich der Praktikabilität ihrer Ansprache bei Kartierungen. An Hand eigener Erfahrungen und neuerer Literatur wird zu diesen Problemkreisen Stellung genommen, und es wird die Richtung angedeutet, in der die Lösungen gesucht werden müssen. Die im Beitrag erörterten Tatsachen und Gesichtspunkte – z.T. schon vor längerer Zeit zusammengestellt – haben Ausgangspunkte für Diskussionen geliefert, die im Hinblick auf eine Neufassung der Moorkapitel der Bodenkundlichen Kartieranleitung sowie der zugrunde liegenden Bodensystematik seit 1988 stattgefunden haben und deren Ergebnisse demnächst veröffentlicht werden sollen.
    Description: In the third edition of the German Soil Survey Manual (Bodenkundliche Kartieranleitung, 1982) some problems concerning peatlands and peatland mapping have not been resolved sufficiently. This applies to peat type identi-fication and to several aspects of general peatland and peat classification. There are two main problems which need new discussions: (1) the variety in profiles, caused by extremely differing pedogenous processes, of virgin and especially of drained mires, (2) the classification of mires or peats in respect to their acidity or trophic conditions considering above all the possibilities to identify the types under field conditions in soil mappings. These problems are reviewed on the basis of recent literature and in the light of the author’s own experience, and directions of possible solutions are suggested. The quoted facts, most of which were presented some time ago, yielded the starting point for discussions in the DGMT (German Peat Science Society) on a revised text of the mire and peat sections of the Soil Survey Manual and their basic soil classification, the results of which will be published in the near future.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 553.21 ; e-docs::Geologische Wissenschaften ; Moor ; Ökologie ; Torf ; peat ; peatland ; bog ; vegetation ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map
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