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  • thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology  (754)
  • thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences  (598)
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  • Chemistry
  • English  (1,357)
  • 2020-2024  (1,357)
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989
  • 2021  (1,357)
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  • 2020-2024  (1,357)
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989
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  • 1
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: social-decision making ; animal behavior ; behavioral ecology ; animal collective behavior ; animal SDM ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: It has become more evident that many microalgae respond very differently than land plants to diverse stimuli. Therefore, we cannot reduce microalgae biology to what we have learned from land plants biology. However, we are still at the beginning of a comprehensive understanding of microalgae biology. Microalgae have been posited several times as prime candidates for the development of sustainable energy platforms, making thus the in-depth understanding of their biological features an important objective. Thus, the knowledge related to the basics of microalgae biology must be acquired and shared rapidly, fostering the development of potential applications. Microalgae biology has been studied for more than forty years now and more intensely since the 1970’s, when genetics and molecular biology approaches were integrated into the research programs. Recently, studies on the molecular physiology of microalgae have provided evidences on the particularities of these organisms, mainly in model species, such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Of note, cellular responses in microalgae produce very interesting phenotypes, such as high lipid content in nitrogen deprived cells, increased protein content in cells under high CO2 concentrations, the modification of flagella structure and motility in basal body mutant strains, the different ancient proteins that microalgae uses to dissipate the harmful excess of light energy, the hydrogen production in cells under sulfur deprivation, to mention just a few. Moreover, several research groups are using high-throughput and data-driven technologies, including “omics” approaches to investigate microalgae cellular responses at a system-wide level, revealing new features of microalgae biology, highlighting differences between microalgae and land plants. It has been amazing to observe the efforts towards the development and optimization of new technologies required for the proper study of microalgae, including methods that opened new paths to the investigation of important processes such as regulatory mechanisms, signaling crosstalk, chemotactic mechanisms, light responses, chloroplast controlled mechanisms, among others. This is an exciting moment in microalgae research when novel data are been produced and applied by research groups from different areas, such as bioprocesses and biotechnology. Moreover, there has been an increased amount of research groups focused in the study of microalgae as a sustainable source for bioremediation, synthesis of bioproducts and development of bioenergy. Innovative strategies are combining the knowledge of basic sciences on microalgae into their applied processes, resulting in the progression of many applications that hopefully, will achieve the necessary degree of optimization for economically feasible large-scale applications. Advances on the areas of basic microalgae biology and novelties on the essential cellular processes were revealed. Progress in the applied science showed the use of the basic science knowledge into fostering translational research, proposing novel strategies for a sustainable world scenario. In this present e-book, articles presented by research groups from different scientific areas showed, successfully, the increased development of the microalgae research. Herewith, you will find articles ranging from bioprospecting regional microalgae species, through advances in microalgae molecular physiology to the development of techniques for characterization of biomass and the use of biomass into agriculture and bioenergy production. This e-book is an excellent source of knowledge for those working with microalgae basic and applied sciences, and a great opportunity for researchers from both areas to have an overview of the amazing possibilities we have for building an environmentally sustainable future once the knowledge is translated into novel applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; TP248.13-248.65 ; QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; Biotechnology ; biomass ; Hydrogen ; bioenergy ; Nutrients ; Lipids ; Microalgae ; Biofuels ; sustainability ; Carbon Dioxide ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 3
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: oligodendrocyte ; Schwann cell ; oligodendrocyte precursor cell ; myelin ; myelin repair ; axon physiology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the past two decades there have been significant advances made in understanding the cellular and molecular alterations that occur with brain ageing, as well as with our understanding of age-related brain diseases. Ageing is associated with a mid-life decline in many cognitive domains (eg. Attention, working memory, episodic memory) that progresses with advancing age and which may be potentiated by a variety of diseases. However, despite the breadth of attempts to explain it, the underlying basis for age-related memory impairment remains poorly understood. Both normal and “pathological” ageing (as in age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease) may be associated with overlapping and increased levels of “abnormal” pathology, and this may be a potential mediator of cognitive decline in both populations. An emerging hypothesis in this field is that metal ion dys/homeostasis may represent a primary unifying mechanism to explain age- and disease-associated memory impairment – either indirectly via an effect on disease pathogenesis, or by a direct effect on signaling pathways relevant to learning and memory. There remains a concerted worldwide effort to deliver an effective therapeutic treatment for cognitive decline associated with ageing and/or disease, which is currently an unmet need. There have been numerous clinical trials conducted specifically testing drugs to prevent cognitive decline and progression to dementia, but to date the results have been less than impressive, highlighting the urgent need for a greater understanding of the neurobiological basis of memory impairment in ageing and disease which can then drive the search for effective therapeutics.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Down Syndrome ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Parkinson's disease ; aluminium ; Iron ; TBI ; Cognition ; Copper ; Alzheimer's disease ; Zinc ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neuromorphic engineering has just reached its 25th year as a discipline. In the first two decades neuromorphic engineers focused on building models of sensors, such as silicon cochleas and retinas, and building blocks such as silicon neurons and synapses. These designs have honed our skills in implementing sensors and neural networks in VLSI using analog and mixed mode circuits. Over the last decade the address event representation has been used to interface devices and computers from different designers and even different groups. This facility has been essential for our ability to combine sensors, neural networks, and actuators into neuromorphic systems. More recently, several big projects have emerged to build very large scale neuromorphic systems. The Telluride Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop (since 1994) and the CapoCaccia Cognitive Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop (since 2009) have been instrumental not only in creating a strongly connected research community, but also in introducing different groups to each other’s hardware. Many neuromorphic systems are first created at one of these workshops. With this special research topic, we showcase the state-of-the-art in neuromorphic systems.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; neuromorphic engineering ; Learning ; Floating gate ; Neural Network ; spike-based ; event-based ; simulation ; dynamic vision sensor ; network ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 6
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Despite the importance of mathematics in our educational systems little is known about how abstract mathematical thinking emerges. Under the uniting thread of mathematical development, we hope to connect researchers from various backgrounds to provide an integrated view of abstract mathematical cognition. Much progress has been made in the last 20 years on how numeracy is acquired. Experimental psychology has brought to light the fact that numerical cognition stems from spatial cognition. The findings from neuroimaging and single cell recording experiments converge to show that numerical representations take place in the intraparietal sulcus. Further research has demonstrated that supplementary neural networks might be recruited to carry out subtasks; for example, the retrieval of arithmetic facts is done by the angular gyrus. Now that the neural networks in charge of basic mathematical cognition are identified, we can move onto the stage where we seek to understand how these basics skills are used to support the acquisition and use of abstract mathematical concepts.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroimaging ; development ; numerosity ; gifted ; Mathematical Cognition ; algebra ; abstract ; Expertise ; Arithmetic ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Elastomer materials are characterized by their high elongation and (entropy) elasticity, which makes them indispensable for widespread applications in various engineering and medical areas as well as consumer goods. This book focuses on the state-of-the-art of elastomers covering all aspects from their properties to applications. The development and testing of advanced elastomers is of particular interest. Attention is given to various aspects of elastomers, such as ever-increasing environmental concepts dealing with recyclability and reusability, incorporation of functional groups or additives to obtain novel functionality or bioelastomers, analytical description of mechanisms and structure relations of the fracture behavior of elastomers, and their external stimuli-responsive character. The scope of the book encompasses contributions at the frontier of science in polymer network synthesis, experimental and theoretical physics of polymer networks, and new structures and functionalities incorporated into elastomers leading to enhanced properties of crosslinked elastomeric materials, among others.
    Keywords: magnetorheological elastomer ; filler ; hetero-aggregation ; nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites ; electrical resistance ; resistivity ; rheological properties ; elastomers ; in-situ silica ; friction ; abrasion ; tear fatigue test ; buffing dust collagen (BDC) ; styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) ; polymer composites ; biodegradation ; bio-oil ; bio-based plasticizer ; eco-friendly plasticizer ; acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber ; NBR ; mechanical testing ; thermo-oxidative aging ; vulcanized rubber ; rubber compounds ; carbon black ; vibration damping ; viscoelasticity ; magnetorheological ; elastomer ; magnetic particle ; viscoelastic ; rheological ; smart materials ; coating ; particle coating ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In this Special Issue, we have several papers related to fuel-cell-based cogeneration systems; the management and control of fuel cell systems; the analysis, simulation, and operation of different types of fuel cells; modelling and online experimental validation; and the environment assessment of cathode materials in lithium-ion battery energy generation systems. A paper which gives a comprehensive review with technical guidelines for the design and operation of fuel cells, especially in a cogeneration system setup, which can be an important source of references for the optimal design and operation of various types of fuel cells in cogeneration systems, can also be found in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: LIBs ; environmental sustainability ; cathode material ; LCA ; wind energy ; fuel cell ; IM ; induction generator ; hybrid system ; mine blast optimizer ; solid oxide fuel cell ; robust model predictive control ; off-line calculation ; control synthesis ; review ; cogeneration ; optimal design ; guidelines ; SOFC ; simulation ; internal reforming ; anode oxidation ; carbon formation ; direct methanol fuel cell ; methanol crossover ; power density ; catalyst ; membrane electrode assembly ; Colebrook equation ; fuel cells ; flow friction factor ; open-cathode ; pressure drop ; symbolic regression ; numerically stabile solution ; roughness ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Non-Newtonian (non-linear) fluids are common in nature, for example, in mud and honey, but also in many chemical, biological, food, pharmaceutical, and personal care processing industries. This Special Issue of Fluids is dedicated to the recent advances in the mathematical and physical modeling of non-linear fluids with industrial applications, especially those concerned with CFD studies. These fluids include traditional non-Newtonian fluid models, electro- or magneto-rheological fluids, granular materials, slurries, drilling fluids, polymers, blood and other biofluids, mixtures of fluids and particles, etc.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; Poiseuille–Couette flow ; membrane ; viscous fluid ; channel flow ; existence theorem ; yield stress ; hemoglobe capacitor ; creeping flows ; viscoplastic fluids ; projection method ; power-law fluid ; first- and second-order slip ; Mittag–Leffler ; lubrication ; viscoplastic fluid ; rupture ; convection ; Re numbers ; enhanced oil recovery (EOR) ; SPH-FEM ; Gamma densitometer ; oil recovery ; non-newtonian fluids ; marginal function ; particle interaction ; computational fluid dynamics ; non-isothermal flows ; suspensions ; Brinkman equation ; lubrication approximation (76A05 ; lid-driven cavity ; smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) ; 76D08 ; Phan-Thien–Tanner (PTT) model ; bubble suspension ; porous media ; non-equilibrium thermodynamics ; porous medium ; suspension viscosity ; hemoglobin ; convection-diffusion ; slug translational velocity ; closure relationship ; non-linear fluids ; wormlike micellar solutions (WMS) ; high viscosity oil ; viscoelastic surfactants (VES) ; 76A20) ; meshless ; Bingham fluid ; Reynolds equation ; generalised simplified PTT ; dense suspension ; chemical EOR (cEOR) ; buoyancy force ; viscosity ratio ; aspect ratio ; rheology ; lubrication approximation ; fluid-solid interaction (FSI) ; optimal control ; natural convection ; biofluids ; shear-dependent viscosity ; thermodynamic capacitor ; shear-thinning ; stokesian dynamics ; weak solution ; biological capacitor ; cement ; variable viscosity ; Couette flow ; pressure boundary conditions ; inhomogeneous fluids ; boundary control ; similarity transformation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The development of solid state gas sensors based on microtransducers and nanostructured sensing materials is the key point in the design of portable measurement systems able to reach sensing and identification performance comparable with analytical ones. In such a context several efforts must be spent of course in the development of the sensing material, but also in the choice of the transducer mechanism and its structure, in the electrical characterization of the performance and in the design of suitable measurement setups. This call for papers invites researchers worldwide to report about their novel results on the most recent advances and overview in design and measurements for applications in gas sensors, along with their relevant features and technological aspects. Original research papers are welcome (but not limited) on all aspects that focus on the most recent advances in: (i) basic principles and modeling of gas and VOCs sensors; (ii) new gas sensor principles and technologies; (iii) Characterization and measurements methodologies; (iv) transduction and sampling systems; (vi) package optimization; (vi) gas sensor based systems and applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; indium oxide ; n/a ; environmental monitoring ; semiconductor ; gas sensor ; packed gas chromatographic column ; ultrathin carbon layer ; metal-oxide-semiconductor array sensor ; halitosis ; laser ablation ; capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUT) ; LTCC side via ; MEMS ; indirect packaging ; gas sensing ; efficiency ; bad breath ; electrospray ; array optimization ; low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) ; electronic nose ; UV irradiation ; core/shell nanostructure ; combinatorial and high-throughput technique ; sensitive material ; hydrogen sulfide ; CO detection ; ZnO ; amperometric ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The use of concentrated solar technologies has grown significantly worldwide in the last decade but the research and development of this renewable energy technology still needs to be advanced to guarantee its competitiveness with other energy sources. Challenges remain with reducing costs, optimizing the systems design, and increasing the performance and durability of the systems.This Special Issue on research on solar collectors presents some recent developments and studies on tracking-solar collectors for medium- to high-temperature applications, both line- and point-focus systems, conceived for the supply of heat in industrial processes, to provide thermal energy to a power block for electricity production, or even to combine heat and electricity generation in a solar collector unit (CPV/T). The articles included in this Special Issue cover theoretical or practical issues on geometrics optics, thermal–hydraulic modelling, and performance analysis, focusing on the following topics:• Solar towers: heliostat fields analysis and optimization• Solar towers: heat transfer media studies• Parabolic troughs: evacuated solar receivers analysis and thermal–hydraulic modelling• Fresnel reflectors: geometrics optics and manufacturing issues• Fresnel lens in CPV• Energy losses in solar collectors systems
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 12
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: resting-state fMRI ; fMRI denoising ; vascular modulation ; head motion ; arousal ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 13
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Glial cells are no longer considered passive bystanders in neuronal brain circuits. Not only are they required for housekeeping and brain metabolism, they are active participants in regulating the physiological function and plasticity of brain circuits and the online control of behavior both in invertebrate and vertebrate model systems. In invertebrates, glial cells are essential for normal function of sensory organs (C. elegans) and necessary for the circadian regulation of locomotor activity (D. melanogaster). In the mamallian brain, astrocytes are implicated in the regulation of cortical brain rhythms and sleep homeostasis. Disruption of AMPA receptor function in a subset of glial cell types in mice shows behavioral deficits. Furthermore, genetic disruption of glial cell function can directly control behavioral output. Regulation of ionic gradients by glia can underlie bistability of neurons and can modulate the fidelity of synaptic transmission. Grafting of human glial progenitor cells in mouse forebrain results in human glial chimeric mice with enhanced plasticity and improved behavioral performance, suggesting that astrocytes have evolved to cope with information processing in more complex brains. Taken together, current evidence is strongly suggestive that glial cells are essential contributors to information processing in the brain. This Research Topic compiles recent research that shows how the molecular mechanisms underlying glial cell function can be dissected, reviews their impact on plasticity and behavior across species and presents novel approaches to further probe their function.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Cerebellum ; C. elegans ; Astrocytes ; DREADD ; Cortex ; plasticity ; Gq ; Behavior ; glia ; Hippocampus ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Special Issue “Assessment and Nonlinear Modeling of Wave, Tidal, and Wind Energy Converters and Turbines” contributes original research to stimulate the continuing progress of the offshore renewable energy (ORE) field, with a focus on state-of-the-art numerical approaches developed for the design and analysis of ORE devices. Particularly, this collection provides new methodologies, analytical/numerical tools, and theoretical methods that deal with engineering problems in the ORE field of wave, wind, and current structures. This Special Issue covers a wide range of multidisciplinary aspects, such as the 1) study of generalized interaction wake model systems with elm variation for offshore wind farms; 2) a flower pollination method based on global maximum power point tracking strategy for point-absorbing type wave energy converters; 3) performance optimization of a Kirsten–Boeing turbine using a metamodel based on neural networks coupled with CFD; 4) proposal of a novel semi-submersible floating wind turbine platform composed of inclined columns and multi-segmented mooring lines; 5) reduction of tower fatigue through blade back twist and active pitch-to-stall control strategy for a semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine; 6) assessment of primary energy conversion of a closed-circuit OWC wave energy converter; 7) development and validation of a wave-to-wire model for two types of OWC wave energy converters; 8) assessment of a hydrokinetic energy converter based on vortex-induced angular oscillations of a cylinder; 9) application of wave-turbulence decomposition methods on a tidal energy site assessment; 10) parametric study for an oscillating water column wave energy conversion system installed on a breakwater; 11) optimal dimensions of a semisubmersible floating platform for a 10 MW wind turbine; 12) fatigue life assessment for power cables floating in offshore wind turbines.
    Keywords: off-shore wind farms (OSWFs) ; wake model ; wind turbine (WT) ; Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) ; wind power (WP) ; large-eddy simulation (LES) ; point-absorbing ; wave energy converter (WEC) ; maximum power point tracking (MPPT) ; flower pollination algorithm (FPA) ; power take-off (PTO) ; hill-climbing method ; Kirsten–Boeing ; vertical axis turbine ; optimization ; neural nets ; Tensorflow ; ANSYS CFX ; metamodeling ; FOWT ; multi-segmented mooring line ; inclined columns ; semi-submersible ; AFWT ; floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) ; pitch-to-stall ; blade back twist ; tower fore–aft moments ; negative damping ; blade flapwise moment ; tower axial fatigue life ; wave energy ; oscillating water column ; tank testing ; valves ; air compressibility ; air turbine ; wave-to-wire model ; energy harnessing ; energy converter ; flow-induced oscillations ; vortex-induced vibration ; flow–structure interaction ; hydrodynamics ; vortex shedding ; cylinder wake ; tidal energy ; site assessment ; wave-current interaction ; turbulence ; integral length scales ; wave-turbulence decomposition ; OWC ; wave power converting system ; parametric study ; caisson breakwater application ; floating offshore wind turbines ; frequency domain model ; semisubmersible platform ; 10 MW wind turbines ; large floating platform ; platform optimization ; wind energy ; floating offshore wind turbine ; dynamic analysis ; fatigue life assessment ; flexible power cables ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Additive manufacturing (AM) processes are gaining more and more attention from many industrial fields, mainly because they are revolutionizing the components’ designs and production lines. The complete industrialization of these processes has to be supported by the full understanding of correlation between AM building conditions and the final materials’ properties. Another critical aspect is that nowadays only a reduced number of materials processable by AM are available on the market. It is, therefore, fundamental to widen the materials’ portfolio, and to study and develop new materials that can take advantage of these unique building processes.
    Keywords: amorphous poly(lactide acid) ; poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) ; polymer blends ; filament extrusion ; 3D printing ; additive manufacturing ; silicon nitride ; high performance ceramics ; photopolymerisation ; lithography-based ceramic manufacturing ; fused-deposition modeling ; mechanical properties ; thermal behavior ; polyetherimide ; fused filament modelling ; design of experiments ; directed energy deposition ; AISI 316L ; microstructure ; LPBF ; as-built ; as-cast ; microhardness ; tensile test ; Ni–Cu alloy ; materials development ; polymers ; metals ; ceramics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue covers symmetry and asymmetry phenomena occurring in real-life problems. We invited authors to submit their theoretical or experimental research presenting engineering and economic problem solution models dealing with the symmetry or asymmetry of different types of information. The issue gained interest in the research community and received many submissions. After rigorous scientific evaluation by editors and reviewers, nine papers were accepted and published. The authors proposed different MADM and MODM solution models as integrated tools to find a balance between the components of sustainable global development, to find a symmetry axis concerning goals, risks, and constraints to cope with the complicated problems. Most approaches suggested decision models under uncertainty, combining the usual decision-making methods with interval-valued fuzzy or rough sets theory, also Z numbers. The application fields of the proposed models involved both problems of technological sciences and social sciences. The papers cover three essential areas: engineering, economy, and management. We hope that a summary of the Special Issue as provided here will encourage a detailed analysis of the papers included in the Printed Edition.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; rough sets ; interval type-2 fuzzy set (IT2FS) ; resources distribution ; the criteria of the weights ; public management ; Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) ; multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) ; symmetry of the method ; quadcopter ; transaction cost ; full fuzzy environment ; dual generalized geometric Bonferroni mean (DGGBM) operator ; data logger ; information theory ; control system ; salvage value ; nonlinear dynamics ; pattern formation ; oscillations ; stability ; Pythagorean fuzzy set ; FAHP ; fuzzy sets ; group decision-making ; generalized Bonferroni mean (GBM) operator ; probabilistic systems analysis ; economic decisions ; 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic numbers set (2TLNNSs) ; evaluating the quality of distant courses ; subjective weights ; Z-numbers ; green supplier selection ; dual generalized Bonferroni mean (DGBM) operator ; normal cloud ; thrust ; sensor ; neutrosophic numbers ; MCDM ; Bayes’ theorem ; optimal dividend ; logistics ; measurement ; hybrid MCDM ; combining the weights ; data envelopment analysis ; criteria weights ; multiple attribute decision making (MADM) ; IDOCRIW ; excess-of-loss reinsurance ; fuzzy efficiency ; multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) ; MCGDM ; transport ; backward cloud transformation ; engineering problems ; rough ARAS ; capital injection ; performance ; Bonferroni mean (BM) operator ; green supply chain management ; population sizes ; hybrid problem solution models ; criteria weight assessment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In this EBook, we highlight how newly emerging techniques for non-invasive manipulation of the human brain, combined with simultaneous recordings of neural activity, contribute to the understanding of brain functions and neural dynamics in humans. A growing body of evidence indicates that the neural dynamics (e.g., oscillations, synchrony) are important in mediating information processing and networking for various functions in the human brain. Most of previous studies on human brain dynamics, however, show correlative relationships between brain functions and patterns of neural dynamics measured by imaging methods such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In contrast, manipulative approaches by non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) have been developed and extensively used. These approaches include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electric stimulation (tES) such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), alternating current stimulation (tACS), and random noise stimulation (tRNS), which can directly manipulate neural dynamics in the intact human brain. Although the neural-correlate approach is a strong tool, we think that manipulative approaches have far greater potential to show causal roles of neural dynamics in human brain functions. There have been technical challenges with using manipulative methods together with imaging methods. However, thanks to recent technical developments, it has become possible to use combined methods such as TMS–EEG coregistration. We can now directly measure and manipulate neural dynamics and analyze functional consequences to show causal roles of neural dynamics in various brain functions. Moreover, these combined methods can probe brain excitability, plasticity and cortical networking associated with information processing in the intact human brain. The contributors to this EBook have succeeded in showcasing cutting-edge studies and demonstrate the huge impact of their approaches on many areas in human neuroscience and clinical applications.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; non-invasive brain stimulation NIBS ; TMS-EEG ; Transcranial magnetic stimulation TMS ; transcranial electric stimulation tES ; Coregistration ; Near-infrared spectroscopy NIRS ; Functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI ; transcranial direct current stimulation tDCS ; transcranial alternating current stimulation tACS ; transcranial random noise stimulation tRNS ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Bálint’s syndrome is named after the Hungarian physician who first reported a remarkable case of a man with complex visuospatial deficits following bilateral lesions within parietal and occipital cortex (Bálint, 1909). The syndrome has three primary symptoms: simultanagnosia (impaired spatial awareness of more than one object at time), optic ataxia (misreaching to visual targets) and ocular apraxia (described by Bálint as “psychic paralysis of gaze”). Balint’s patients not only cannot perceive more than one object at time and therefore show poor comprehension of multi-object visual scenes i.e. poor detection of all the objects present and difficulty in grasping the relationship between them; in addition they typically fail to reach towards location of the single object, which they can perceive. The deficit of the allocation of spatial attention in Balint’s syndrome has been linked to a problem in feature binding which results in illusory conjunctions. Patients with Balint’s syndrome also show deficits in global processing i.e. when integration of multiple local elements into global compound shapes is required. Consequently, Balint’s syndrome provides a unique opportunity to study the nature and neuroanatomy of human visuospatial processing, in particular multi-level object representation, spatial awareness and the distribution of visual attention. The studies collected here cover both the anatomical and the cognitive mechanisms of the different symptoms associated with the syndrome. Furthermore, the dissociations between the components of Bálints’ syndrome, in particular simultanagnosia and optic ataxia, can also co-occur with visual neglect and extinction and the different combinations of reported lesions raises a question about the status of the syndrome and whether it should be merely treated as a historical compilation of symptoms which may or may not coexist cohesively. This interesting argument is raised here.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; posterior cortical atrophy ; Balints syndrome ; optic ataxia ; Posterior parietal cortex ; simultanagnosia ; ocular apraxia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 19
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The proliferation of powerful but cheap devices, together with the availability of a plethora of wireless technologies, has pushed for the spread of the Wireless Internet of Things (WIoT), which is typically much more heterogeneous, dynamic, and general-purpose if compared with the traditional IoT. The WIoT is characterized by the dynamic interaction of traditional infrastructure-side devices, e.g., sensors and actuators, provided by municipalities in Smart City infrastructures, and other portable and more opportunistic ones, such as mobile smartphones, opportunistically integrated to dynamically extend and enhance the WIoT environment. A key enabler of this vision is the advancement of software and middleware technologies in various mobile-related sectors, ranging from the effective synergic management of wireless communications to mobility/adaptivity support in operating systems and differentiated integration and management of devices with heterogeneous capabilities in middleware, from horizontal support to crowdsourcing in different application domains to dynamic offloading to cloud resources, only to mention a few. The book presents state-of-the-art contributions in the articulated WIoT area by providing novel insights about the development and adoption of middleware solutions to enable the WIoT vision in a wide spectrum of heterogeneous scenarios, ranging from industrial environments to educational devices. The presented solutions provide readers with differentiated point of views, by demonstrating how the WIoT vision can be applied to several aspects of our daily life in a pervasive manner.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; container ; fog computing ; virtual reality ; privacy and security ; software defined infrastructure ; intelligent medical service ; very long instruction word (VLIW) ; semantics ; privacy leakage detection ; context information ; post-copy ; ontology ; body area network ; DSP ; Internet-of-Things ; Mobile Device Management ; interoperability ; Android ; water consumption ; Processing-in-Memory ; performance analysis ; semantic ; mobility ; data management ; CRIU ; training simulator ; Industry 4.0 ; sensor networks ; experimental evaluation ; programming paradigm ; pre-copy ; microservice-oriented platform ; CubeSats ; middleware ; registry ; smart metering ; big data analytics ; nanosatellites ; medium access control ; Internet of Things ; heterogeneity ; web-of-things ; one-to-one computing educational program ; Web-of-Things ; internet of things ; instruction set extension ; microservices architecture ; migration ; behaviour ; wireless access networks ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The tale of cyclic GMP has been astonishing. Having overcome an initial disbelief, cyclic GMP has risen to its present eminence as a premium cellular signal transduction messenger of not only hormonal extracellular but also of the intracellular signals. This research topic focuses on the pathways and functions of membrane guanylate cyclases in different tissues of the body and their interplay with intracellular sensory signals where in many cases, cyclic GMP along with Ca2+ have taken on roles as synarchic co-messengers.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Glaucoma ; Visceral Pain ; Calcium ; membrane guanylate cyclase ; ANF-RGC ; Gene Therapy ; Cyclic GMP ; synaptic plasticity ; trafficking ; ROS-GC ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 21
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Photoacoustic (or optoacoustic) imaging, including photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), is an emerging imaging modality with great clinical potential. PAI’s deep tissue penetration and fine spatial resolution also hold great promise for visualizing physiology and pathology at the molecular level. PAI combines optical contrast with ultrasonic resolution, and is capable of imaging at depths of up to 7 cm with a real-time scalable spatial resolution of 10 to 500 µm. PAI has demonstrated applications in brain imaging and cancer imaging, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer etc. This Special Issue focuses on the novel technological developments and pre-clinical and clinical biomedical applications of PAI. Topics include but are not limited to: brain imaging; cancer imaging; image reconstruction; quantitative imaging; light source and delivery for PAI; photoacoustic detectors; nanoparticles designed for PAI; photoacoustic molecular imaging; photoacoustic spectroscopy.
    Keywords: photoacoustic imaging ; tomography ; thermoacoustic ; radio frequency ; image quality assessment ; image formation theory ; image reconstruction techniques ; sparsity ; signal processing ; deconvolution ; empirical mode decomposition ; signal deconvolution ; photoacoustics ; tissue characterization ; absorption ; Photoacoustic Computed Tomography (PACT) ; ring array ; fast imaging ; low cost ; photoacoustic tomography ; full-field detection ; wave equation ; final time inversion ; uniqueness ; stability ; iterative reconstruction ; 3D photoacoustic tomography ; full-view illumination and ultrasound detection ; photoacoustic coplanar ; quartz bowl ; correlation matrix filter ; time reversal operator ; photo-acoustic tomography ; reflection artifacts ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; time reversal ; Landweber algorithm ; U-net ; optoacoustic imaging ; respiratory gating ; motion artifacts ; full-ring illumination ; diffused-beam illumination ; point source illumination ; ultrasound tomography (UST) ; photoacoustic tomography (PAT) ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 22
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Neurodegeneration ; Peptides ; cognitive ; model ; Parkinson's disease ; database ; transgenic ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 23
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Research on radiation-tolerant electronics has increased rapidly over the past few years, resulting in many interesting approaches to modeling radiation effects and designing radiation-hardened integrated circuits and embedded systems. This research is strongly driven by the growing need for radiation-hardened electronics for space applications, high-energy physics experiments such as those on the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, and many terrestrial nuclear applications including nuclear energy and nuclear safety. With the progressive scaling of integrated circuit technologies and the growing complexity of electronic systems, their susceptibility to ionizing radiation has raised many exciting challenges, which are expected to drive research in the coming decade. In this book we highlight recent breakthroughs in the study of radiation effects in advanced semiconductor devices, as well as in high-performance analog, mixed signal, RF, and digital integrated circuits. We also focus on advances in embedded radiation hardening in both FPGA and microcontroller systems and apply radiation-hardened embedded systems for cryptography and image processing, targeting space applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; TK1-9971 ; T1-995 ; single event effects ; n/a ; radiation-hardening-by-design (RHBD) ; frequency divider by two ; single event upset ; Image processing ; CMOS analog integrated circuits ; FPGA ; total ionizing dose (TID) ; Impulse Sensitive Function ; soft error ; hardening by design ; radiation hardening by design ; X-rays ; Single-Event Upsets (SEUs) ; line buffer ; heavy ions ; VHDL ; FPGA-based digital controller ; radiation hardening by design (RHBD) ; radiation hardening ; SRAM-based FPGA ; proton irradiation ; ring oscillator ; sensor readout IC ; fault tolerance ; space application ; physical unclonable function ; voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) ; Ring Oscillators ; analog single-event transient (ASET) ; single event opset (SEU) ; SEB ; single event upsets ; bipolar transistor ; total ionizing dose ; protons ; triple modular redundancy (TMR) ; gain degradation ; space electronics ; saturation effect ; configuration memory ; Co-60 gamma radiation ; total ionization dose (TID) ; frequency synthesizers ; CMOS ; PLL ; TDC ; single-event upsets (SEUs) ; bandgap voltage reference (BGR) ; 4MR ; single-shot ; error rates ; Radiation Hardening by Design ; soft errors ; heavy-ions ; single-event effects (SEE) ; single event transient (SET) ; SEE testing ; proton irradiation effects ; RFIC ; single event upset (SEU) ; FMR ; ionization ; radiation tolerant ; triplex–duplex ; neutron irradiation effects ; digital integrated circuits ; single event gate rupture (SEGR) ; power MOSFETs ; ring-oscillator ; selective hardening ; voltage reference ; nuclear fusion ; TMR ; gamma-rays ; gamma ray ; instrumentation amplifier ; radiation effects ; reference circuits ; radiation-hardened ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the search for simple explanations of the natural world, its complicated textures are often filed down to a smoothened surface of our liking. The impetus for this Research Topic was borne out of a need to re-ignite interest in the complex – in this case in the context of ion channels in the nervous system. Ion channels are the large proteins that form regulated pores in the membranes of cells and, in the brain, are essential for the transfer, processing and storage of information. These pores full of twists and turns themselves are not just barren bridges into cells. More and more we are beginning to understand that ion channels are like bustling medieval bridges (packed with apartments and shops) rather than the more sleek modern variety – they are dynamic hubs connected with many structures facilitating associated activities. Our understanding of these networks continues to expand as our investigative tools advance. Together these articles highlight how the complexity of ion channel signaling nexuses is critical to the proper functioning of the nervous system.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Nervous System ; Ion Channels ; Interactome ; cellular signaling ; Protein complexes ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Experiments to characterize the effects of moisture content and temperature on the mechanical properties of concrete were conducted. Based on these experiments, a new overall material model capable of predicting the mechanical behaviour of concrete subject to elevated temperatures up to 100 °C was developed. The material model estimates the time, temperature and moisture dependency of the compressive and tensile strength, creep and shrinkage of concrete.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; concrete ; Temperatur ; Beton ; Schwinden ; Temperature ; strength ; Kriechen ; creep ; Festigkeit ; shrinkage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 26
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Smart sensors are technologies designed to facilitate the monitoring operations. For instance, power consumption can be minimized through on-board processing and smart interrogation algorithms, and state detection enhanced through collaboration between sensor nodes. Applied to structural health monitoring, smart sensors are key enablers of sparse and dense sensor networks capable of monitoring full-scale structures and components. They are also critical in empowering operators with decision making capabilities. The objective of this Special Issue is to generate discussions on the latest advances in research on smart sensing technologies for structural health monitoring applications, with a focus on decision-enabling systems. This Special Issue covers a wide range of related topics such as innovative sensors and sensing technologies for crack, displacement, and sudden event monitoring, sensor optimization, and novel sensor data processing algorithms for damage and defect detection, operational modal analysis, and system identification of a wide variety of structures (bridges, transmission line towers, high-speed trains, masonry light houses, etc.).
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; NSGA-II ; wind force ; wavelet packet decomposition ; structural health monitoring ; amplitude spectrum ; environmental noise ; patch antenna ; damage identification ; event-triggered sensing ; Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm ; high-speed train ; low-velocity impacts ; concrete structures ; sensors distribution optimization ; acceleration ; digital sampling moiré ; crack ; displacement sensor ; length effect ; FBG sensor array ; SHM ; space window ; Bayesian blind source separation ; feature selection ; stress detection ; wheel minor defect ; strain ; uniaxial stress measurement ; turbine ; impact identification ; helical antenna ; energy analysis of wavelet band ; strain wave ; time window ; structural steel members ; steel frame ; acoustoelastic effect ; demand-based nodes ; online wayside detection ; sensor ; bridge ; sensitivity ; acoustic emission ; bending stiffness ; wireless smart sensors ; distributed dense sensor network ; mapping construction ; data fusion ; fuzzy classification ; shear-wave birefringence ; normal mode ; piezoelectric wafer active sensors ; resonant frequency ; electromagnetic oscillation ; settlement ; sensor optimization ; modal frequencies ; perturbation theory ; feature extraction ; Virtual Distortion Method (VDM) ; reflective optical sensor ; fibre bundle ; smartphones ; crack identification ; active sensing ; test vehicle ; calibration ; stretching method ; model updating ; rotary ultrasonic array ; 2D crack growth ; data processing ; damage detection ; impactor stiffness ; tip clearance ; transmission tower ; phase spectrum ; concrete crack ; structural impact monitoring ; shaking table tests ; optical crack growth sensor ; steel strand ; passive sensing ; sudden event monitoring ; aero engine ; principal component analysis ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 27
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: Brainstem monoamine neurons ; locus coeruleus ; emotion ; pain ; morphometry ; amphetamine derivatives ; sleep ; gaze ; trigeminal nerve ; microglia. ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 28
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Mobile robotics is a challenging field with great potential. It covers disciplines including electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, cognitive science, and social science. It is essential to the design of automated robots, in combination with artificial intelligence, vision, and sensor technologies. Mobile robots are widely used for surveillance, guidance, transportation and entertainment tasks, as well as medical applications. This Special Issue intends to concentrate on recent developments concerning mobile robots and the research surrounding them to enhance studies on the fundamental problems observed in the robots. Various multidisciplinary approaches and integrative contributions including navigation, learning and adaptation, networked system, biologically inspired robots and cognitive methods are welcome contributions to this Special Issue, both from a research and an application perspective.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; similarity measure ; swarm-robotics ; drag-based system ; PID algorithm ; human–robot interaction ; behaviour dynamics ; state constraints ; fair optimisation ; micro mobile robot ; robot ; actuators ; high-gain observer ; turning model LIP ; space robot ; manipulation action sequences ; subgoal graphs ; remotely operated vehicle ; constrained motion ; joint limit avoidance ; curvilinear obstacle ; rehabilitation system ; stability criterion ; system design ; quad-tilt rotor ; iterative learning ; spiral curve ; cable detection ; SEA ; douglas–peuker polygonal approximation ; predictable trajectory planning ; ATEX ; obstacle avoidance system ; kinematic singularity ; collision avoidance ; biologically-inspired ; jumping robot ; differential wheeled robot ; design and modeling ; control efficacy ; robotics ; extremum-seeking ; object-oriented ; non-holonomic mobile robot ; magneto-rheological fluids ; rendezvous consensus ; altitude controller ; master-slave ; switching control ; deep reinforcement learning ; mechanism ; expansion logic strategy ; negative buoyancy ; action generation ; radial basis function neural networks ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; extend procedure ; glass façade cleaning robot ; convolutional neural network ; climbing robot ; micro air vehicle ; car-like kinematics ; variable speed ; machine learning ; dynamical model ; transportation ; geodesic ; unmanned surface vessel ; medical devices ; stopper ; extended state observer (ESO) ; high efficiency ; object mapping ; multi-objective optimization ; hybrid robot ; robot learning ; auto-tuning ; cable disturbance modeling ; manipulation planning ; pesticide application ; high-speed target ; sparse pose adjustment (SPA) ; service robot ; lumped parameter method ; Geometric Algebra ; dynamic coupling analysis ; Thau observer ; tri-tilt-rotor ; industrial robotic manipulator ; hardware-in-the-loop simulation ; robotic drilling ; muscle activities ; small size ; chameleon ; continuous hopping ; wall climbing robot ; hover mode ; 3D-SLAM ; curvature constraints ; PSO ; drilling end-effector ; Rodrigues parameters ; gait adaptation ; static environments ; position/force cooperative control ; snake-like robot ; shape-fitting ; powered exoskeleton ; input saturation ; kinematic identification ; methane ; human–machine interactive navigation ; q-learning ; path following ; hopping robot ; mobile manipulation ; high step-up ratio ; actuatorless ; monocular vision ; stability analysis ; compact driving unit ; snake robot ; non-holonomic robot ; curvature constraint ; phase-shifting ; dialytic elimination ; gesture recognition ; snake robots ; series elastic actuator ; flapping ; servo valve ; motion camouflage control ; biomimetic robot ; minimally invasive surgery robot ; centralized architecture ; trajectory planning ; computing time ; adaptive control law ; kinematics ; facial and gender recognition ; single actuator ; victim-detection ; shape memory alloys ; undiscovered sensor values ; discomfort ; Differential Evolution ; numerical evaluation ; quadruped robot ; coverage path planning ; localization ; MPC ; n/a ; fault diagnosis ; neural networks ; disturbance-rejection control ; sample gathering problem ; cart ; bio-inspired robot ; opposite angle-based exact cell decomposition ; optimization ; safety ; goal exchange ; hierarchical planning ; ocean current ; robot motion ; nonlinear differentiator ; mapping ; finite-time currents observer ; Newton iteration ; inverse kinematics ; deposition uniformity ; spatial pyramid pooling ; hierarchical path planning ; end effector ; head-raising ; fault recovery ; LOS ; path tracking ; non-inertial reference frame ; step climbing ; obstacle avoidance ; sliding mode control ; symmetrical adaptive variable impedance ; lane change ; quadcopter UAV ; singularity analysis ; biped mechanism ; fault-tolerant control ; dynamic neural networks ; mobile robots ; data association ; UAV ; enemy avoidance ; reinforcement learning ; grip optimization ; safety recovery mechanism ; exoskeleton ; dynamic environment ; uncertain environments ; hybrid bionic robot ; potential field ; robot navigation ; cleaning robot ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; non-singular fast-terminal sliding-mode control ; contact planning ; Lyapunov-like function ; piezoelectric actuator ; transition mode ; non-prehensile manipulation ; multiple mobile robots ; Tetris-inspired ; real-time action recognition ; integral line-of-sight ; topological map ; alpine ski ; target tracking ; closed-loop detection ; working efficiency ; mathematical modeling ; curve fitting ; force control ; biped robots ; NSGA-II ; mobile robot ; load carriage ; prescription map translation ; artificial fish swarm algorithm ; Q-networks ; self-reconfigurable robot ; G3-continuity ; autonomous vehicle ; loop closure detection ; excellent driver model ; robots ; graph representation ; regional growth ; target assignment ; evolutionary operators ; intelligent mobile robot ; motion sensor ; exploration ; droplets penetrability ; dynamic uncertainty ; simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) ; area decomposition ; multi-criteria decision making ; 4WS4WD vehicle ; biped climbing robots ; skiing robot ; ROS ; decision making ; smart materials ; centrifugal force ; missile control system ; formation of robots ; electro-rheological fluids ; pneumatics ; variable spray ; inertial measurement unit (IMU) ; Robot Operating System ; trajectory interpolation ; formation control ; immersion and invariance ; dragonfly ; parallel navigation ; harmonic potential field ; pallet transportation ; mobile robot navigation ; negative-buoyancy ; grip planning ; manipulator ; position control ; external disturbance ; legged robot ; passive skiing turn ; autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) ; gait cycle ; path planning ; sliding mode observer ; dynamic gait ; self-learning ; polyomino tiling theory ; coalmine ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book offers a provocative account of interdisciplinary research across the neurosciences, social sciences and humanities. Setting itself against standard accounts of interdisciplinary 'integration,' and rooting itself in the authors' own experiences, the book establishes a radical agenda for collaboration across these disciplines. Rethinking Interdisciplinarity does not merely advocate interdisciplinary research, but attends to the hitherto tacit pragmatics, affects, power dynamics, and spatial logics in which that research is enfolded. Understanding the complex relationships between brains, minds, and environments requires a delicate, playful and genuinely experimental interdisciplinarity, and this book shows us how it can be done.
    Keywords: neurosciences ; interdisciplinarity ; social sciences ; interdisciplinary research ; integration ; humanities ; Des Fitzgerald ; Epistemology ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The subject of this PhD-thesis is the transferability of Facility Management (FM) by using the example of hospitals in Germany and Iran. The intention is to determine the status and significance of facility management in the project countries, to analyse similarities, semblances and differences in order to develop a system transferability model.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; health system ; facility management ; system transferability ; hospital ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 31
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue gathers research from different branches of science and engineering disciplines working on experiments and modelling of nanocomposites into one volume. The Guest Editor welcomes papers dedicated to experimental, computational, and theoretical aspects dealing with many important state-of-the-art technologies and methodologies regarding the synthesis, fabrication, characterization, properties, design, and applications, and both finite element analysis and molecular dynamic simulations, of nanocomposite materials and structures. Full papers covering novel topics, extending the frontiers of the science and technology of nanoreinforced composites are encouraged. Reviews covering topics of major interest will be also considered.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; ab initio ; critical yield strength ; carbon nanotube ; impact buckling ; elasticity ; molecular dynamics simulation ; magnetism ; coarse-grained model ; 3D fiber-metal laminates ; mechanical property ; interface ; nanocomposites ; interface force fields ; YN ; graphene/Fe composite ; cohesive element ; stability ; ScN ; delamination propagation ; interfaces ; graphene nanoplatelets ; nanoindentation ; pressure ; molecular dynamics ; piezoelectric property ; temperature effect ; Fe-Al ; hardness ; equivalent fiber ; disorder ; Fe3Al ; elastic modulus ; delamination buckling ; CNT agglomeration ; CNTs/epoxy nanocomposites ; boron nitride honeycomb ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Research during the past decade highlights the strong link between appetitive feeding behavior, reward and motivation. Interestingly, stress levels can affect feeding behavior by manipulating hypothalamic circuits and brain dopaminergic reward pathways. Indeed, animals and people will increase or decrease their feeding responses when stressed. In many cases acute stress leads to a decrease in food intake, yet chronic social stressors are associated to increases in caloric intake and adiposity. Interestingly, mood disorders and the treatments used to manage these disorders are also associated with changes in appetite and body weight. These data suggest a strong interaction between the systems that regulate feeding and metabolism and those that regulate mood. This Research Topic aims to illustrate how hormonal mechanisms regulate the nexus between feeding behavior and stress. It focuses on the hormonal regulation of hypothalamic circuits and/or brain dopaminergic systems, as the potential sites controlling the converging pathways between feeding behavior and stress.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; stress ; Obesity ; Dopamine ; Ghrelin ; Leptin ; Seasonal regulation ; feeding ; HPA axis ; Hypothalamus ; circadian rhythms ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: euromodulation is among the fastest-growing areas of medicine, involving many diverse specialties and affecting hundreds of thousands of patients with numerous disorders worldwide. It can briefly be described as the science of how electrical, chemical, and mechanical interventions can modulate the nervous system function. A prominent example of neuromodulation is deep brain stimulation (DBS), an intervention that reflects a fundamental shift in the understanding of neurological and psychiatric diseases: namely as resulting from a dysfunctional activity pattern in a defined neuronal network that can be normalized by targeted stimulation. The application of DBS has grown remarkably and more than 130,000 patients worldwide have obtained a DBS intervention in the past 30 years—most of them for treating movement disorders. This Frontiers Research Topics provides an overview on the current discussion beyond basic research in DBS and other brain stimulation technologies. Researchers from various disciplines, who are working on broader clinical, ethical and social issues related to DBS and related neuromodulation technologies, have contributed to this research topic.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Informed Consent ; Deep Brain Stimulation ; Depression ; Neurosurgery ; Movement Disorders ; Neuromodulation ; Enhancement ; Neuroethics ; Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Volume I, entitled “Augmentation of Brain Functions: Brain-Machine Interfaces”, is a collection of articles on neuroprosthetic technologies that utilize brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). BMIs strive to augment the brain by linking neural activity, recorded invasively or noninvasively, to external devices, such as arm prostheses, exoskeletons that enable bipedal walking, means of communication and technologies that augment attention. In addition to many practical applications, BMIs provide useful research tools for basic science. Several articles cover challenges and controversies in this rapidly developing field, such as ways to improve information transfer rate. BMIs can be applied to the awake state of the brain and to the sleep state, as well. BMIs can augment action planning and decision making. Importantly, BMI operations evoke brain plasticity, which can have long-lasting effects. Advanced neural decoding algorithms that utilize optimal feedback controllers are key to the BMI performance. BMI approach can be combined with the other augmentation methods; such systems are called hybrid BMIs. Overall, it appears that BMI will lead to many powerful and practical brain-augmenting technologies in the future.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; microcircuits ; Brain machine interface (BMI) ; nootropics ; tDCStranscranial direct current stimulation ; neural networks ; neuroprosthesis ; TMS ; implants ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Big data is revolutionizing our ability to measure and study the human brain. New technology increases the resolution of images that are being study as well as enables researchers to study the brain as it functions. These technological advances are combined with efforts to collect neuroimaging data on large numbers of subjects, in some cases longitudinally. This combination of advances in measurement and scope of studies requires novel development in the statistical analysis. Fast, scalable, robust and accurate models and approaches need to be developed to make headway on these problems. This volume represents a unique collection of researchers providing deep insights on the statistical analysis of big neuroimaging data.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; fMRI ; Neuroscience ; functional connectivity ; EEG ; Classification ; prediction ; big data ; MEG ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The specialty section Earthquake Engineering is one branch of Frontiers in Built Environment and welcomes critical and in-depth submissions on earthquake ground motions and their effects on buildings and infrastructures. Manuscripts should yield new insights and ultimately contribute to a safer and more reliable design of building structures and infrastructures. The scope includes the characterization of earthquake ground motions (e.g. near-fault, far-fault, short-period, long-period), their underlying properties, their intrinsic relationship with structural responses, and the true behaviors of building structures and infrastructures under risky and uncertain ground motions. More specific topics include recorded ground motions, generated ground motions, response spectra, stochastic modeling of ground motion, critical excitation, geotechnical aspects, soil mechanics, soil liquefaction, soil-structure interactions, pile foundations, earthquake input energy, structural control, passive control, active control, base-isolation, steel structures, reinforced concrete structures, wood structures, building retrofit, structural optimization, uncertainty analysis, robustness analysis, and redundancy analysis. This eBook includes four original research papers, in addition to the Specialty Grand Challenge article, on the critical earthquake response of elastic-plastic structures under near-fault or long-duration ground motions which were published in the specialty section Earthquake Engineering. In the early stage of dynamic nonlinear response analysis of structures around 1960s, a simple hysteretic structural model and a simple sinusoidal earthquake ground motion input were dealt with together with random inputs. The steady-state response was tackled by an equivalent linearization method developed by Caughey, Iwan and others. In fact, the resonance plays a key role in the earthquake-resistant design and it has a strong effect even in case of near-fault ground motions. In order to draw the steady-state response curve and investigate the resonant property, two kinds of repetition have to be introduced. One is a cycle, for one forced input frequency, of the initial guess of the steady-state response amplitude, the construction of the equivalent linear model, the analysis of the steady-state response amplitude using the equivalent linear model and the update of the equivalent linear model based on the computed steady-state response amplitude. The other is the sweeping over a range of forced input frequencies. This process is quite tedious. Four original research papers included in this eBook propose a new approach to overcome this difficulty. Kojima and Takewaki demonstrated that the elastic-plastic response as continuation of free-vibrations under impulse input can be derived in a closed form by a sophisticated energy approach without solving directly the equations of motion as differential equations. While, as pointed out above, the approach based on the equivalent linearization method requires the repetition of application of the linearized equations, the method by Kojima and Takewaki does not need any repetition. The double impulse, triple impulse and multiple impulses enable us to describe directly the critical timing of impulses (resonant frequency) which is not easy for the sinusoidal and other inputs without a repetitive procedure. It is important to note that, while most of the previous methods employ the equivalent linearization of the structural model with the input unchanged, the method treated in this eBook transforms the input into a series of impulses with the structural model unchanged. This characteristic guarantees high accuracy and reliability even in the large plastic deformation range. The approach presented in this eBook is an epoch-making accomplishment to open the door for simpler and deeper understanding of structural reliability of built environments in the elastic-plastic range.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; fling-step input ; Critical response ; Long-duration ground motion ; double impulse ; forward-directivity input ; triple impulse ; robustness ; Near-fault ground motion ; Ground motion ; Ductility factor ; uncertainty ; resonance ; Structural parameter ; Earthquake Response ; Elastic-plastic response ; Interval analysis ; Multiple impulse ; Earthquake input energy ; redundancy ; Upper bound of input energy ; earthquake engineering ; critical excitation method ; Energy transfer function ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 37
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Catalysis, in the industrial production of chemicals, fuels, and materials, accounts for more than half of gross material production worldwide. Heterogeneous catalysis enables fast and selective chemical transformations, resulting in superior product yield and facilitating catalyst separation and recovery. The synthesis of novel catalysts has emerged as a hot topic for process and product development with numerous research publications and patents. Hence, development of efficient catalysts and their applications is important for sustainable energy production and use, green chemicals production and use, and economic growth. This Special Issue discusses recent developments related to catalysis for the production of sustainable fuels and chemicals and traverses many new frontiers of catalysis including synthesis, characterization, catalytic performances, reaction kinetics and modelling, as well as applications of catalysts for the production of biofuels, synthesis gas, and other green products. This covers the current state-of-the-art catalysis research applied to bioenergy, organic transformation, carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatoms, reforming, hydrogenation, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodemetalization, Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, to name a few. This book highlights new avenues in catalysis including catalyst preparation methods, analytical tools for catalyst characterization, and techno-economic assessment to enhance a chemical or biological transformation process using catalysts for a betterment of industry, academia and society.
    Keywords: HDO ; sulfide catalyst ; NiMo/Al2O3 ; phospholipid ; fatty acid ; choline ; oxidative desulfurization ; oxidative denitrogenation ; hydrotreating ; XPS ; activated carbon ; tert-butyl hydroperoxide ; biofuel ; biodiesel ; hydrocarbon ; waste ; glycerol hydrogenolysis ; in situ hydrogen ; methanol steam reforming ; Ni/Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts ; chilean natural zeolite ; Brønsted acid sites ; bio-oil upgrade ; catalytic pyrolysis ; nitrogen-doping ; iron nitrides ; light olefins ; CO hydrogenation ; KMnO4 pretreatment ; dry reforming methane (DRM) ; methane ; carbon dioxide ; microwave ; conversion ; catalyst ; selectivity ; thermal integration ; catalyst support ; CoMo sulfided catalyst ; deoxygenation ; cracking and polymerization ; hydrogenation and dehydrogenation ; waste cooking oil ; artificial neural network ; kinetic modeling ; cobalt-praseodymium (III) oxide ; CO-rich hydrogen ; methane dry reforming ; hydrodeoxygenation ; Ni/KIT-6 ; ethyl acetate ; CO2 activation ; methanol synthesis ; atomic layer deposition ; copper nanoparticles ; zinc oxide atomic layer ; hydroprocessing ; FeCu catalysts ; jet fuel ; oleic acid ; catalytic conversion ; catalyst acidity and basicity ; product distribution ; reaction pathways ; molybdenum phosphide ; methyl palmitate ; isomerization ; carboxylic acids upgrading ; ketonization ; deuterated acetic acid ; acetone D-isotopomers distribution ; H/D exchange ; inverse deuterium kinetic isotope effect ; kinetic parameters ; activation energy ; catalytic pyrolysis of biomass ; bio-oil ; sustainable fuels and chemicals ; hydrogenolysis ; desulfurization and denitrogenation ; CO2 utilization ; pyrolysis and cracking ; syngas and hydrogen ; biomass and bio-oil ; catalysis ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 38
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Robotics and control are both research and application domains that have been frequently engineered through the use of interdisciplinary approaches like cybernetics. Cognition is a particular concept of this approach, abstracted from the context of living organisms to that of artificial devices, and is concerned with knowledge acquisition and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. Cognitive robotics and control refer to knowledge processing as much as knowledge generation from problem understanding, leading to special forms of architectures that enable systems to behave in an autonomous way. The main aim of this book is to highlight emerging applications and address recent breakthroughs in the domain of cognitive robotics and control and related areas. Procedures, algorithms, architectures, and implementations for reasoning, problem solving, or decision making are considered in the domain of robotics and control.
    Keywords: initial trajectory ; trajectory optimization ; Bézier surface ; robotics ; open FPGAs ; robot control ; surgical robotics ; human–machine interaction ; autonomous guidance ; low-cost platform ; FPGA ; S-curve ; motion control ; SoC ; telemanipulation ; haptics ; machine learning ; gesture recognition ; upper limb rehabilitation robot ; particle swam optimization (PSO) ; artificial bee colony (ABC) ; Ziegler Nichols ; Maximum sensitivity ; ontology ; robot task planning ; knowledge base ; knowledge representation ; industrial collaborative robots ; shared robotic tasks ; physical human–robot interaction ; human intention recognition ; time series classification ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the last decade, sleep spindles have attracted steadily increasing attention. This interest is motivated by the many intriguing relationships between spindles and various diseases (e.g., schizophrenia, Parkinson, Alzheimer, autism, mental retardation), recovery processes (e.g., post brain stroke), and cognitive faculties (e.g., memory consolidation, intelligence, dream recall, sleep preservation). Nonetheless, a methodological wall has impeded the study of sleep spindles. Their investigation rests heavily on our ability to reliably and consistently identify spindle patterns from background EEG activity, a task involving many obstacles, including: a fuzzy definition of spindles, low inter-expert agreement on their scoring, lack of consensus on standard techniques for their automated detection, low reproducibility of observed characteristics and correlates, unavailability of large, standardized, high-quality databases, and inconsistencies in the methods used to evaluate the performance of automated detectors. The primary aims of this research topic were to bring together world-class researchers on a project designed to facilitate exchanges on methodological difficulties encountered in assessing sleep spindles and to promote standardized spindle-related resources. In preparing their contributions, authors were encouraged to use existing – or to propose new – publicly available resources for assessing sleep spindles. To allow fair and accurate comparison of reported results, the authors were also encouraged to validate their tools on a common benchmark. A database containing expert spindle scoring (i.e., the Montreal Archive of Sleep Studies) was made publicly available for that purpose.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neural oscillations ; Electroencephalography (EEG) ; Sleep ; Sleep Spindles ; Memory ; IQ ; sigma waves ; automatic detection ; biomarker ; Open access ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 40
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is a collection of recent publications from researchers all over the globe in the broad area of high-voltage engineering. The presented research papers cover both experimental and simulation studies, with a focus on topics related to insulation monitoring using state-of-the-art sensors and advanced machine learning algorithms. Special attention was given in the Special Issue to partial discharge monitoring as one of the most important techniques in insulation condition assessment. Moreover, this Special Issue contains several articles which focus on different modeling techniques that help researchers to better evaluate the condition of insulation systems. Different power system assets are addressed in this book, including transformers, outdoor insulators, underground cables, and gas-insulated substations.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; artificial neural network ; simulation ; high-frequency ; artificial flashover tests ; wide bandgap power modules ; tracking ; electrical field strength ; fast-rise square wave voltages ; FDTD simulation ; cable joint ; corona discharge ; feature selection ; post insulator ; earthing systems ; wind speed ; surface discharge ; oil/paper insulation ; oil-paper insulation ; high-magnitude currents and impulse polarity ; UFVM ; Tettex 9520 ; electrical tree ; flashover characteristics ; composite insulator ; partial discharge ; numerical modeling ; saline mechanism ; thermal parameters ; space charge density ; seasonal ; ion flow field ; denoising ; DDX 9121b ; temperature ; transformer asset management ; cavity discharge ; space/interface charge ; insulation health index ; heat transfer model ; leakage current ; machine learning ; partial discharges (PD) ; RF signal ; flashover ; high impulse conditions ; grounding electrodes ; generalized finite difference time domain ; curve fitting ; grounding ; plasma discharge ; outdoor insulators ; flashover dynamic model ; wavelet transform ; degradation ; thermal properties ; bipolar charge transport model ; UHF sensor ; cable ; random walk theory ; tracking test setup ; GIL ; pressure ; modelling ; non-uniform pollution between windward and leeward sides ; calibrator ; secondary arc ; polymeric insulation ; optical-UHF integrated detection ; shoreline ; dry band arcing ; photoelectric fusion pattern ; DDX 8003 ; XLPE ; silicone gel ; partial discharge modeling ; electric field analysis ; NSCT ; electrode’s geometry ; gas ; Comsol Multiphysics ; fast-impulses ; laying modes ; ageing ; cable ampacity ; residual resistance formulation ; finite element analysis ; thermal effect ; hydrophobicity ; soil resistivity ; charge simulation method ; short-circuit discharge ; dry band formation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Energy systems worldwide are undergoing major transformation as a consequence of the transition towards the widespread use of clean and sustainable energy sources. Basically, this involves massive changes in technical and organizational levels together with tremendous technological upgrades in different sectors ranging from energy generation and transmission systems down to distribution systems. These actions generate huge science and engineering challenges and demands for expert knowledge in the field to create solutions for a sustainable energy system that is economically, environmentally, and socially viable while meeting high security requirements. This book covers these promising and dynamic areas of research and development, and presents contributions in sustainable energy systems planning, integration, and management. Moreover, the book elaborates on a variety of topics, ranging from design and planning of small- to large-scale energy systems to the operation and control of energy networks in different sectors, namely electricity, heat, ?and transport.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; Romanian coastal environment ; neural networks ; intermittent heating ; wind velocities ; time-space network ; optimal chiller loading (OCL) ; renewable energy ; pure electric buses ; mixed-integer non-linear programming problem (MINLP) ; control system ; FANP ; energy consumption ; load regulation ; energy ; smart box ; novel method ; smart logistics system ; multiple uncertainties ; non-intrusive load monitoring ; wind speed forecasting ; solid waste to energy plant ; uncertain cooling demand ; dual robust optimization ; Black Sea ; field test and numerical simulation ; electric power ; sustainable development ; multi-type bus operating organization ; cuckoo search algorithm ; vehicular emissions ; SWAN ; public transport ; product quality model ; MCDM ; TOPSIS ; heat transfer ; solar energy ; forecasting validity ; information gap decision theory (IGDT) ; photovoltaic systems ; configurations of internal wall ; ensemble empirical mode decomposition ; agricultural pruning ; hot summer and cold winter climate zone ; energy and environmental systems ; feature extraction ; information platform ; pruning biomass ; smart grid ; product usability testing ; meteorological variables ; fuzzy logic ; performance evaluation ; rural residential building ; threshold value of daily operation hours ; datacenter ; wave energy ; thermal comfort ; heat storage and release ; resampling ; risk aversion ; environment ; support vector machine ; internal coverings ; numerical models ; gradient descent ; renewable biomass energy ; demand response ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 42
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The last few decades have seen rapid development in the field of surface engineering and its applications in almost all industrial sectors. Tribological coatings, which are an important aspect of surface engineering, are today applied on machine component surfaces for a diverse range of moving machine components to control (mostly to minimize) friction and wear in order to conserve energy and materials. This reprint book is a compilation of 11 research papers contributed by experts in the field of surface engineering and tribology. These papers have dealt with the synthesis of various types of coatings, characterization and applications under different operating conditions. It is hoped that this reprint book will be of interest, not only to researchers, but also to practicing engineers and technologists in the industry.
    Keywords: Cr-Ti-B-N films ; magnetron sputtering ; microstructure ; friction and wear ; GH4169 alloy ; Ag–Mo co-implantation ; ion-beam-assisted bombardment technology (IBAB) ; wear mechanism ; polymer coating ; graphene ; tribological properties ; elevated temperature ; VCN–Cu films ; mechanical ; friction property ; wear property ; high-entropy alloy (HEA) matrix coating ; plasma spraying ; wear resistance ; microhardness ; bonding strength ; Cu/MoS2 coatings ; Cu-Al/MoS2 coatings ; annealing treatment ; γ2-Cu9Al4 phase ; scratch test ; acoustic emission ; thin films ; silicon carbide ; multilayered AlCrN coating ; Raman spectroscopy ; tribo-corrosion ; sliding wear ; DLC ; MoS2 ; coating ; elastomer ; seals ; TiB2 ; ZrB2 ; coating blade ; anti-wear ; stainless steel coating ; sputtering ; wear ; adhesion ; friction ; structure ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 43
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book presents the results of the successful Sensors Special Issue on Intelligent Vehicles that received submissions between March 2019 and May 2020. The Guest Editors of this Special Issue are Dr. David Fernández-Llorca, Dr. Ignacio Parra-Alonso, Dr. Iván García-Daza and Dr. Noelia Parra-Alonso, all from the Computer Engineering Department at the University of Alcalá (Madrid, Spain). A total of 32 manuscripts were finally accepted between 2019 and 2020, presented by top researchers from all over the world. The reader will find a well-representative set of current research and developments related to sensors and sensing for intelligent vehicles. The topics of the published manuscripts can be grouped into seven main categories: (1) assistance systems and automatic vehicle operation, (2) vehicle positioning and localization, (3) fault diagnosis and fail-x systems, (4) perception and scene understanding, (5) smart regenerative braking systems for electric vehicles, (6) driver behavior modeling and (7) intelligent sensing. We, the Guest Editors, hope that the readers will find this book to contain interesting papers for their research, papers that they will enjoy reading as much as we have enjoyed organizing this Special Issue
    Keywords: tracking-by-detection ; multi-vehicle tracking ; Siamese network ; data association ; Markov decision process ; driving behavior ; real-time monitoring ; driver distraction ; mobile application ; portable system ; simulation test ; dynamic driving behavior ; traffic scene augmentation ; corridor model ; IMU ; vision ; classification networks ; Hough transform ; lane markings detection ; semantic segmentation ; transfer learning ; autonomous ; off-road driving ; tire-road forces estimation ; slip angle estimation ; gauge sensors ; fuzzy logic system ; load transfer estimation ; simulation results ; normalization ; lateral force empirical model ; driver monitor ; lane departure ; statistical process control ; fault detection ; sensor fault ; signal restoration ; intelligent vehicle ; autonomous vehicle ; kinematic model ; visual SLAM ; sparse direct method ; photometric calibration ; corner detection and filtering ; loop closure detection ; road friction coefficient ; tire model ; nonlinear observer ; self-aligning torque ; lateral displacement ; Lyapunov method ; automatic parking system (APS) ; end-to-end parking ; reinforcement learning ; parking slot tracking ; deceleration planning ; multi-layer perceptron ; smart regenerative braking ; electric vehicles ; vehicle speed prediction ; driver behavior modeling ; electric vehicle control ; driver characteristics online learning ; objects’ edge detection ; stixel histograms accumulate ; point cloud segmentation ; autonomous vehicles ; scene understanding ; occlusion reasoning ; road detection ; advanced driver assistance system ; trajectory prediction ; risk assessment ; collision warning ; connected vehicles ; vehicular communications ; vulnerable road users ; fail-operational systems ; fall-back strategy ; automated driving ; advanced driving assistance systems ; illumination ; shadow detection ; shadow edge ; image processing ; traffic light detection ; intelligent transportation system ; lane-changing ; merging maneuvers ; game theory ; decision-making ; intelligent vehicles ; model predictive controller ; automatic train operation ; softness factor ; fusion velocity ; online obtaining ; hardware-in-the-loop simulation ; driving assistant ; driving diagnosis ; accident risk maps ; driving safety ; intelligent driving ; virtual test environment ; millimeter wave radar ; lane-change decision ; risk perception ; mixed traffic ; minimum safe deceleration ; automated driving system (ADS) ; sensor fusion ; multi-lane detection ; particle filter ; self-driving car ; unscented Kalman filter ; vehicle model ; Monte Carlo localization ; millimeter-wave radar ; square-root cubature Kalman filter ; Sage-Husa algorithm ; target tracking ; stationary and moving object classification ; localization ; LiDAR ; GNSS ; Global Positioning System (GPS) ; monte carlo ; autonomous driving ; robot motion ; path planning ; piecewise linear approximation ; multiple-target path planning ; autonomous mobile robot ; homotopy based path planning ; LiDAR signal processing ; sensor and information fusion ; advanced driver assistance systems ; autonomous racing ; high-speed camera ; real-time systems ; LiDAR odometry ; fail-aware ; sensors ; sensing ; percepction ; object detection and tracking ; scene segmentation ; vehicle positioning ; fail-x systems ; driver behavior modelling ; automatic operation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 44
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Unconventional reservoirs are usually complex and highly heterogeneous, such as shale, coal, and tight sandstone reservoirs. The strong physical and chemical interactions between fluids and pore surfaces lead to the inapplicability of conventional approaches for characterizing fluid flow in these low-porosity and ultralow-permeability reservoir systems. Therefore, new theories and techniques are urgently needed to characterize petrophysical properties, fluid transport, and their relationships at multiple scales for improving production efficiency from unconventional reservoirs. This book presents fundamental innovations gathered from 21 recent works on novel applications of new techniques and theories in unconventional reservoirs, covering the fields of petrophysical characterization, hydraulic fracturing, fluid transport physics, enhanced oil recovery, and geothermal energy. Clearly, the research covered in this book is helpful to understand and master the latest techniques and theories for unconventional reservoirs, which have important practical significance for the economic and effective development of unconventional oil and gas resources.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; shale gas ; permeability ; prediction by NMR logs ; matrix–fracture interaction ; faults ; remaining oil distributions ; unconventional reservoirs ; coal deformation ; reservoir depletion ; carbonate reservoir ; nanopore ; fracturing fluid ; pseudo-potential model ; shale reservoirs ; matrix-fracture interactions ; multi-scale fracture ; succession pseudo-steady state (SPSS) method ; fluid transport physics ; integrated methods ; chelating agent ; dissolved gas ; non-equilibrium permeability ; effective stress ; fractal ; fracture network ; spontaneous imbibition ; tight oil ; porous media ; 0-1 programming ; the average flow velocity ; geothermal water ; micro-fracture ; pore types ; pore network model ; petrophysical characterization ; nitrogen adsorption ; analysis of influencing factors ; mudstone ; rheology ; velocity profile ; shale permeability ; flow resistance ; global effect ; tight sandstones ; fractal dimension ; contact angle ; temperature-resistance ; fractured well transient productivity ; reservoir classifications ; deep circulation groundwater ; viscosity ; NMR ; fractional diffusion ; lattice Boltzmann method ; multiporosity and multiscale ; fractal geometry ; imbibition front ; productivity contribution degree of multimedium ; wetting angle ; pH of formation water ; enhanced oil recovery ; isotopes ; tight sandstone ; fracture diversion ; shale ; SRV-fractured horizontal well ; low-salinity water flooding ; shale gas reservoir ; tight reservoirs ; fracture continuum method ; tight oil reservoir ; Lucaogou Formation ; hydraulic fracturing ; clean fracturing fluid ; recovery factor ; flow regimes ; local effect ; complex fracture network ; pore structure ; gas adsorption capacity ; polymer ; non-linear flow ; conformable derivative ; production simulation ; analytical model ; enhanced geothermal system ; multi-scale flow ; experimental evaluation ; extended finite element method ; fluid-solid interaction ; groundwater flow ; well-placement optimization ; thickener ; imbibition recovery ; equilibrium permeability ; slip length ; large density ratio ; clay mineral composition ; finite volume method ; volume fracturing ; influential factors ; sulfonate gemini surfactant ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: binding ; perception ; multi-scale timing ; temporal coupling ; mutual information ; time-dimension in the brain ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 46
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Recently, new wide-band energy gap semiconductors can be grown by ALD, PLD, sputtering, or MOCVD. They have great potential for the fabrication and application to TFTs. Inorganic semiconductors have good stability against environmental degradation over their organic counterparts, whereas organic materials are usually flexible, transparent, and when solution-processed at low temperatures, are prone to degradation when exposed to heat, moisture, and oxygen. For this Special Issue, we invited researchers to submit papers discussing the development of new functional and smart materials, and inorganic as well as organic semiconductor materials, such as ZnO, InZnO, GaO, AlGaO, AnGaO, AlN/GaN, conducting polymers, molecular semiconductors, perovskite-based materials, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotubes/polymer composites, and 2D materials (e.g., graphene, MoS2) and their potential applications in display drivers, radio frequency identification tags, e-paper, gas, chemical and biosensors, to name but a few.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; TK1-9971 ; T1-995 ; charge transport and injection mechanisms ; optical synaptic devices ; flat panel displays ; simulation ; persistent photoconductivity ; hydrogen ; interdigitated ; interface state trap density ; technology computer aided design (TCAD) ; oxygen defects ; Corbino ; transistor model evaluation ; metal-halide lamp ; InGaZnOx ; contact resistances ; chemical treatment ; colour difference ; organic transistor ; equivalent circuit ; channel-length dependence ; just noticeable difference ; oxide semiconductor ; OTFT ; chromaticity ; modeling contact effects ; oxygen deficiency ; dual-threshold inverter ; surface treated ; charge-carrier-mobility extraction ; optical detecting ; thin film transistor ; green ; photo-sensors ; modelling ; capacitor ; TFT-LCD ; organic thin-film transistor ; spectrum ; hydrogen effect ; organic film growth ; transparent conducting oxides ; quartz-halogen lamp ; optical ; blue LED ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: older adults ; interventional strategies ; quality of life ; health span ; neuroscience of aging ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The brain of each animal shows specific traits that reflect its phylogenetic history and its particular lifestyle. Therefore, comparing brains is not just a mere intellectual exercise, but it helps understanding how the brain allows adaptive behavioural strategies to face an ever-changing world and how this complex organ has evolved during phylogeny, giving rise to complex mental processes in humans and other animals. These questions attracted scientists since the times of Santiago Ramon y Cajal one of the founders of comparative neurobiology. In the last decade, this discipline has undergone a true revolution due to the analysis of expression patterns of morphogenetic genes in embryos of different animals. The papers of this e-book are good examples of modern comparative neurobiology, which mainly focuses on the following four Grand Questions: a) How are different brains built during ontogeny? b) What is the anatomical organization of mature brains and how can they be compared? c) How do brains work to accomplish their function of ensuring survival and, ultimately, reproductive success? d) How have brains evolved during phylogeny? The title of this e-book, Adaptive Function and Brain Evolution, stresses the importance of comparative studies to understand brain function and, the reverse, of considering brain function to properly understand brain evolution. These issues should be taken into account when using animals in the research of mental function and dysfunction, and are fundamental to understand the origins of the human mind.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; comparative neurobiology ; brain evolution ; phylogeny ; ontogeny ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has resulted in a remarkable increase our understanding of human and animal neurological disorders through the identification of disease causing or protective sequence variants. However, in many cases, robust disease models are required to understand how changes at the DNA, RNA or protein level affect neuronal and synaptic function, or key signalling pathways. In turn, these models may enable understanding of key disease processes and the identification of new targets for the medicines of the future. This e-book contains original research papers and reviews that highlight either the impact of next-generation sequencing in the understanding of neurological disorders, or utilise molecular, cellular, and whole-organism models to validate disease-causing or protective sequence variants.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Stem Cells ; glycine receptor ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Parkinson's disease ; PET imaging ; LRRK2 ; Zebrafish ; Inflammation ; GABA-A receptor ; NMDA receptors ; Intellectual Disability ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 50
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Numerous efforts have been devoted to using biomass as a feedstock for the production of bio-based materials, biochemicals, and biofuels that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on conventional fossil resources. Conversion strategies for the production of platform chemicals, building blocks, fine chemicals, and biofuels include a wide range of processes such as chemical and mechanical pretreatment for improved carbohydrate production, fractionation of biomass into carbohydrates and lignin and their further conversions, microbial and enzymatic conversion of biomass into valuable products, and direct catalytic conversion of biomass or its components into chemicals and fuels. This Special Issue introduces recent innovative research results in the area of bioenergy and value-added chemicals from various feedstocks through chemical and biological catalytic processes.
    Keywords: biomass ; xylan ; lignin ; cellulose ; pretreatment ; solid superacid catalyst ; sulfated tin(IV) oxide ; α-pinene partial coupling ; renewable high-density fuel ; biofuel ; biorefinery ; sugar-decomposed ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; waste biomass ; kinetics ; biomass pre-treatment ; green diesel ; renewable diesel ; Ni catalyst ; hydrodeoxygenation ; Cu-promotion effect ; catalysts ; solvents ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This special issue reviews state-of-the-art approaches to the biophysical roots of cognition. These approaches appeal to the notion that cognitive capacities serve to optimize responses to changing external conditions. Crucially, this optimisation rests on the ability to predict changes in the environment, thus allowing organisms to respond pre-emptively to changes before their onset. The biophysical mechanisms that underwrite these cognitive capacities remain largely unknown; although a number of hypotheses has been advanced in systems neuroscience, biophysics and other disciplines. These hypotheses converge on the intersection of thermodynamic and information-theoretic formulations of self-organization in the brain. The latter perspective emerged when Shannon’s theory of message transmission in communication systems was used to characterise message passing between neurons. In its subsequent incarnations, the information theory approach has been integrated into computational neuroscience and the Bayesian brain framework. The thermodynamic formulation rests on a view of the brain as an aggregation of stochastic microprocessors (neurons), with subsequent appeal to the constructs of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. In particular, the use of ensemble dynamics to elucidate the relationship between micro-scale parameters and those of the macro-scale aggregation (the brain). In general, the thermodynamic approach treats the brain as a dissipative system and seeks to represent the development and functioning of cognitive mechanisms as collective capacities that emerge in the course of self-organization. Its explicanda include energy efficiency; enabling progressively more complex cognitive operations such as long-term prediction and anticipatory planning. A cardinal example of the Bayesian brain approach is the free energy principle that explains self-organizing dynamics in the brain in terms of its predictive capabilities – and selective sampling of sensory inputs that optimise variational free energy as a proxy for Bayesian model evidence. An example of thermodynamically grounded proposals, in this issue, associates self-organization with phase transitions in neuronal state-spaces; resulting in the formation of bounded neuronal assemblies (neuronal packets). This special issue seeks a discourse between thermodynamic and informational formulations of the self-organising and self-evidencing brain. For example, could minimization of thermodynamic free energy during the formation of neuronal packets underlie minimization of variational free energy?
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; consciousness ; understanding ; Markov blanket ; Hebbian assembly ; neuronal packet ; Bayesian brain ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 52
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue covers a wide range of areas—including building orientation, service life, use of photocatalytically active structures and PV facades, implications of transportation system, building types (i.e., high rise, multilevel, commercial, residential), life cycle assessment, and structural engineering—that need to be considered in the environmental impact assessment of buildings, and the chapters include case studies across the globe. Consideration of these strategies would help reduce energy and material consumption, environmental emissions, and waste generation associated with all phases of a building’s life cycle. Chapter 1 demonstrates that green star concrete exhibits the same structural properties as conventional concrete in Australia. Chapter 2 showed that the use of TiO2 as a photocatalyst on the surface of construction materials with a suitable stable binding agent, such as aggregates, would enable building walls to absorb NOx from air. This study found that TiO2 has the potential to reduce ambient concentrations of NOx from areas where this pollutant becomes concentrated under solar irradiation. Chapter 3 presents the life cycle assessment of architecturally integrated glass–glass photovoltaics in building facades to find the appropriate material composition for a multicolored PV façade offering improved environmental performance. Chapter 4 shows that urban office buildings lacking appropriate orientation experienced indoor overheating. Chapter 5 details four modeling approaches that were implemented to estimate buildings’ response towards load shedding. Chapter 6 covers the life cycle GHG emissions of high-rise residential housing block to discover opportunities for environmental improvement. Chapter 7 discusses an LCA framework that took into account variation in the service life of buildings associated with the use of different types of materials. Chapter 8 presents a useful data mining algorithm to conduct life cycle asset management in residential developments built on transport systems.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; wash water ; greenhouse gases ; environmental life cycle assessment ; sustainable-development ; transit-policy ; public-engagement ; Multilevel buildings ; building integrated photovoltaic ; slag ; operational energy ; life-cycle social analysis ; building ; travel-satisfaction ; TEASER ; BIPV ; photocatalytic construction materials ; functionalized aggregate ; green star concrete ; work-commute ; shallow plan forms ; life cycle assessment ; recycled aggregate ; environmental remediation ; block of buildings ; rain cladding ; LCA ; sustainability ; peak shaving ; residential building ; indoor overheating ; LCI ; air pollution ; environmental performance ; service life ; nitric oxides ; thermal model ; coloured glass ; demand response ; modal-variability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 53
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book derives from the Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2019 (SIMES-2019) that has been launched as a joint issue of the journals Materials and Applied Sciences. The 29 contributions published in this Special Issue of Materials present cutting-edge advances in the field of manufacturing engineering focusing on additive manufacturing and 3D printing; advances and innovations in manufacturing processes; sustainable and green manufacturing; manufacturing of new materials; metrology and quality in manufacturing; industry 4.0; design, modeling, and simulation in manufacturing engineering; and manufacturing engineering and society. Among them, the topic "Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing" has attracted a large number of contributions in this journal due to its widespread popularity and potential.
    Keywords: Bayesian inference ; control chart ; dynamic methodology ; hidden Markov chain ; occupational accident ; risk assessment ; risk control ; risk management ; Fused Deposition Modeling ; roughness ; Polylactic Acid ; print orientation angle ; build angle ; titanium alloys ; sustainable lubrication ; cryogenic lubrication ; MQL ; OD grinding ; CBN ; dressing ; rotary dresser ; wear ; CVD diamond ; additive manufacturing ; 3D printing ; fused filament fabrication ; flexural properties ; fatigue ; PLA ; cements ; ballast waste ; cornubianite ; mechanical properties ; Spain ; joining ; forming ; sheet–tube connections ; experimentation ; modelling and simulation ; quality enhancement ; process parameters ; design optimization ; calibration artifact ; kinematic support ; dimensional metrology ; machine tool ; length measurement ; rapid prototyping ; efficiency ; printing time ; experimental model ; prepeg ; carbon fiber ; Raman spectroscopy ; AWJM ; waterjet ; CFRP ; kerf taper ; surface quality ; metal forming ; bi-metallic ; cylinders ; compression ; finite elements ; microscopy ; cold expansion ; mandrel ; cold-forming ; swaging ; shipbuilding ; LARG paradigm ; supply chain ; coordinate metrology ; confocal microscopy ; measurement ; calibration ; traceability ; uncertainty ; quality assessment ; digital image correlation ; indentation process ; incremental forming ; finite element method ; material flow ; AWJM (Abrasive waterjet machining) ; CFRTP (Carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics) ; RSM (response surface methodology) ; ANOVA (Analysis of variance) ; C/TPU (carbon/polyurethane) ; image processing ; position control ; accuracy ; micromachines ; position compensation ; inverse conical perspective ; micromanufacturing ; manufacturing systems ; mechatronics ; FDM ; bimodulus materials ; standards ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; ABS ; anisotropy ; infill density ; layer orientation ; ASTM D638–14:2014 ; ISO 527–2:2012 ; grounding electrodes in two-layered soils ; step and touch potentials ; step potentials upper bound ; orthoses ; prostheses ; fused deposition modeling ; laminated object manufacturing ; selective laser sintering ; laser tracker ; Monte Carlo method ; verification ; green manufacturing ; sustainability metrics ; cleaner product life cycle ; material removal processes ; hybrid components ; light alloys ; magnesium ; aluminum ; drilling ; dry machining ; cold compressed air ; lubrication and cooling systems ; arithmetical mean roughness ; Ra ; average maximum height ; Rz ; repair and maintenance operations ; fused deposition modelling ; composites ; polymer injection moulding ; polyamide ; metal matrix composite ; Al-SiC ; microstructure ; machining ; cooling compressed air ; thrust force ; energy ; material removed rate ; PEEK-GF30 ; multi-response optimization ; sustainable manufacturing ; metrology ; industry 4.0 ; modeling and simulation ; quality in manufacturing ; technological and industrial heritage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 54
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Bipolar Disorder: Portrait of a Complex Mood Disorder is a step towards integrating many diverse perspectives on BD. As we shall see, such diversity makes it difficult to clearly define the boundaries of BD. It is helpful to view BD from this perspective, as a final common pathway arises from multiple frames of reference. The integration of epigenetics, molecular pharmacology, and neurophysiology is essential. One solution involves using this diverse data to search for endophenotypes to aid researchers, even though most clinicians prefer broader groupings of symptoms and clinical variables. Our challenge is to consolidate this new information with existing clinical practice in a usable fashion. This need for convergent thinkers who can integrate the findings in this book remains a critical need. This book is a small step in that direction and hopefully guides researchers and clinicians towards a new synthesis of basic neurosciences and clinical psychiatry
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Electrocochleography (ECochG) is an approach for objective measurements of physiologic responses from the inner ear. Measurements have classically been made from electrodes placed in the outer ear canal, on the tympanic membrane, the round window niche, or inside the cochlea. Recent innovations have led to ECochG being used for exciting new purposes that drive clinical practice and contribute to the basic understanding of inner ear physiology. Cochlear implant recording electrodes can monitor the preservation of residual, low-frequency acoustic hearing, both in the operating room and post-operatively. ECochG measurements can quantify differential effects of inner ear surgery or other manipulations on vestibular and auditory physiology simultaneously. Various attributes of cognitive neuroscience can be addressed with ECochG measurements from the auditory periphery. These advances in ECochG provide a way to understand a variety of inner ear diseases and are likely to be of value to many groups in their own clinical and basic research.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; cochlear microphonic ; cochlear action potential ; sensorineural hearing loss ; compound action potential ; auditory nerve ; medial olivocochlear efferent reflex ; electrocochleography ; summating potential ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 56
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The world’s energy demand is still growing, partly due to the rising population, partly to increasing personal needs. This growing demand has to be met without increasing (or preferably, by decreasing) the environmental impact. One of the ways to do so is the use of existing low-temperature heat sources for producing electricity, such as using power plants based on the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) . In ORC power plants, instead of the traditional steam, the vapor of organic materials (with low boiling points) is used to turn heat to work and subsequently to electricity. These units are usually less efficient than steam-based plants; therefore, they should be optimized to be technically and economically feasible. The selection of working fluid for a given heat source is crucial; a particular working fluid might be suitable to harvest energy from a 90 ℃ geothermal well but would show disappointing performance for well with a 80 ℃ head temperature. The ORC working fluid for a given heat source is usually selected from a handful of existing fluids by trial-and-error methods; in this collection, we demonstrate a more systematic method based on physical and chemical criteria.
    Keywords: adiabatic expansion ; isentropic expansion ; T-s diagram ; working fluid classification ; optimization ; single-screw expander ; vapor–liquid two-phase expansion ; thermal efficiency ; net work output ; heat exchange load of condenser ; cis-butene ; HFO-1234ze(E) ; ORC working fluids ; temperature–entropy saturation curve ; saturation properties ; wet and dry fluids ; ideal-gas heat capacity ; Rankine cycle ; ORC ; biomass ; fluid mixtures ; hydrocarbons ; working fluid ; selection method ; volumetric expander ; thermodynamic analysis ; wet zeotropic mixture ; single screw expander ; organic Rankine cycle ; R441A ; R436B ; R432A ; T–s diagram ; molecular degree of freedom ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 57
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: By the late 1940s, and since then, the continuous development of dislocation theories have provided the basis for correlating the macroscopic time-dependent deformation of metals and alloys—known as creep—to the time-dependent processes taking place within the metals and alloys. High-temperature deformation and stress relaxation effects have also been explained and modeled on similar bases. The knowledge of high-temperature deformation as well as its modeling in conventional or unconventional situations is becoming clearer year by year, with new contemporary and better performing high-temperature materials being constantly produced and investigated.This book includes recent contributions covering relevant topics and materials in the field in an innovative way. In the first section, contributions are related to the general description of creep deformation, damage, and ductility, while in the second section, innovative testing techniques of creep deformation are presented. The third section deals with creep in the presence of complex loading/temperature changes and environmental effects, while the last section focuses on material microstructure–creep correlations for specific material classes. The quality and potential of specific materials and microstructures, testing conditions, and modeling as addressed by specific contributions will surely inspire scientists and technicians in their own innovative approaches and studies on creep and high-temperature deformation.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TN1-997 ; Larson–Miller parameter ; n/a ; visualization ; bond coat ; hydrogen ; poly-crystal ; Gibbs free energy principle ; constitutive equations ; creep damage ; DFT ; finite element method ; austenitic stainless steel ; strain rate sensitivity ; MCrAlY ; excess volume ; superalloy ; scanning electron microscopy ; creep buckling ; dislocation dynamics ; creep ; elevated temperature ; modelling ; size effect ; residual stress ; superalloy VAT 32 ; water vapor ; activation energy ; small angle neutron scattering ; superalloy VAT 36 ; metallic glass ; iron aluminides ; Gr.91 ; internal stress ; relaxation fatigue ; multiaxiality ; creep grain boundary ; grain boundary cavitation ; cavitation ; solute atom ; stress exponent ; external pressure ; P92 ; TMA ; low cycle fatigue ; nanoindentation ; high temperature ; FEM ; intrinsic ductility ; normalizing ; creep ductility ; creep rupture mechanism ; microstructural features ; simulate HAZ ; P92 steel ; glide ; ferritic–martensitic steel ; creep rupture ; cyclic softening ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 58
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In this book we have experts writing on various neuroscience topics ranging from mental illness, syndromes, compulsive disorders, brain cancer and advances in therapies and imaging techniques. Although diverse, the topics provide an overview of an array of diseases and their underlying causes, as well as advances in the treatment of these ailments. This book includes three chapters dedicated to neurodegenerative diseases, undoubtedly a group of diseases of huge socio-economic importance due to the number of people currently suffering from this type of disease but also the prediction of a huge increase in the number of people becoming afflicted. The book also includes a chapter on the molecular and cellular aspects of brain cancer, a disease which is still amongst the least treatable of cancers.
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 59
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: With increasing power levels and power densities in electronics systems, thermal issues are becoming more and more critical. The elevated temperatures result in changing electrical system parameters, changing the operation of devices, and sometimes even the destruction of devices. To prevent this, the thermal behavior has to be considered in the design phase. This can be done with thermal end electro-thermal design and simulation tools. This Special Issue of Energies, edited by two well-known experts of the field, Prof. Marta Rencz, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, and by Prof. Lorenzo Codecasa, Politecnico di Milano, collects twelve papers carefully selected for the representation of the latest results in thermal and electro-thermal system simulation. These contributions present a good survey of the latest results in one of the most topical areas in the field of electronics: The thermal and electro-thermal simulation of electronic components and systems. Several papers of this issue are extended versions of papers presented at the THERMINIC 2018 Workshop, held in Stockholm in the fall of 2018. The papers presented here deal with modeling and simulation of state-of-the-art applications that are highly critical from the thermal point of view, and around which there is great research activity in both industry and academia. Contributions covered the thermal simulation of electronic packages, electro-thermal advanced modeling in power electronics, multi-physics modeling and simulation of LEDs, and the characterization of interface materials, among other subjects.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; thermal interface material ; thermal aging ; modeling ; LED compact thermal models ; niobium pentoxide ; model-order reduction ; ferromagnetic cores ; LED digital twin ; Cauer RC ladder ; in-situ characterization ; electronic packages ; time domain thermoreflectance ; multi-domain compact model ; power LEDs ; DC–DC converters ; structure function ; boundary condition independent ; electric aircraft ; multi-LED ; modelling ; light emitting diodes ; thin film ; JEDEC metrics ; tool agnostic ; power losses ; switching ; dynamic thermal compact model ; thermal transient testing ; reliability ; thermal transient analysis ; thermal simulation ; non-destructive testing ; IGBT ; carbon nanotubes ; compact thermal model ; power semiconductor devices ; SPICE ; phosphor light conversion ; thermal management ; LED luminaire design ; design flow ; thermal characterization ; motor cooling ; thermal phenomena ; silicone dome ; LED ; secondary heat path ; multi-domain modelling ; heating and optical power ; transient analysis ; thermal testability ; thermal conductivity ; multiple heat source ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Nuclear Engineering; Environmental Science and Engineering; Social Sciences, general
    Keywords: Nuclear Engineering ; Environmental Science and Engineering ; Social Sciences, general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNR Natural disasters ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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  • 61
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book presents an interesting sample of the latest advances in optimization techniques applied to electrical power engineering. It covers a variety of topics from various fields, ranging from classical optimization such as Linear and Nonlinear Programming and Integer and Mixed-Integer Programming to the most modern methods based on bio-inspired metaheuristics. The featured papers invite readers to delve further into emerging optimization techniques and their real application to case studies such as conventional and renewable energy generation, distributed generation, transport and distribution of electrical energy, electrical machines and power electronics, network optimization, intelligent systems, advances in electric mobility, etc.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; Stackelberg game ; MILP ; optimal congestion threshold ; magnetic field mitigation ; simulation ; multi-objective particle swarm optimization ; virtual power plant ; internal defect ; day-ahead load forecasting ; neural network ; modular predictor ; multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm ; stochastic optimization ; dragonfly algorithm ; unit commitment ; metaheuristic ; multi-population method (MP) ; optimization ; tabu search ; considerable decomposition ; loss minimization ; active distribution system ; islanded microgrid ; dynamic solving framework ; feature selection ; electric energy costs ; power factor compensation ; dependability ; interactive load ; overhead ; energy internet ; evolutionary computation ; wind power ; developed grew wolf optimizer ; underground ; ETAP ; fuzzy algorithm ; electric vehicles ; Schwarz’s equation ; evolutionary algorithms ; electric power contracts ; congestion management ; optimizing-scenarios method ; building energy management system ; particle encoding method ; ringdown detection ; HOMER software ; DC optimal power flow ; prosumer ; constrained parameter estimation ; distributed generations (DGs) ; strong track filter (STF) ; transient stability ; calibration ; cost minimization ; radiance ; decentralized and collaborative optimization ; hybrid renewable energy system ; renewable energy sources ; rural electrification ; distribution network reconfiguration ; interval variables ; optimization methods ; particle swarm optimization ; hierarchical scheduling ; micro grid ; AC/DC hybrid active distribution ; consensus ; artificial bee colony ; CCHP system ; data center ; support vector machine ; affinity propagation clustering ; extended Kalman filter ; affine arithmetic ; linear discriminant analysis (LDA) ; current margins ; heterogeneous networks ; Cameroon ; hybrid method ; distributed heat-electricity energy management ; discrete wind driven optimization ; fitness function ; cross-entropy ; GenOpt ; wind energy ; demand uncertainty ; UC ; off-design performance ; genetic algorithm ; energy storage ; the biomimetic membrane computing ; power system optimization ; electric vehicle ; power architectures ; economic load dispatch problem (ELD) ; runner-root algorithm (RRA) ; Cable joint ; battery energy storage system ; load curtailment ; integration assessment ; power system unit commitment ; artificial lighting ; power flow ; hybrid membrane computing ; two-point estimation method ; low-voltage networks ; demand bidding ; non-sinusoidal circuits ; energy flow model ; power transfer distribution factors ; sustainability ; HVAC system ; voltage deviation ; street light points ; radial basis function ; energy storage system ; charging/discharging ; power systems ; intelligent scatter search ; MV/LV substation ; optimal power flow ; stochastic state estimation ; eight searching sub-regions ; chaos optimization algorithm (COA) ; mutual information theory ; inter-turn shorted-circuit fault (ISCF) ; C&I particle swarm optimization ; multiobjective optimization ; passive shielding ; sub-Saharan Africa ; micro-phasor measurement unit ; geometric algebra ; bio-inspired algorithms ; adaptive consensus algorithm ; energy management ; PCS efficiency ; multi-stakeholders ; generalized generation distribution factors ; the genetic algorithm based P system ; JAYA algorithm ; thermal probability density ; power optimization ; pumped-hydro energy storage ; smart grid ; two-stage feature selection ; piecewise linear techniques ; photovoltaic ; SOCP relaxations ; switched reluctance machine (SRM) ; optimal reactive power dispatch ; optimal operation ; controllable response ; off-grid ; active shielding ; transformer-fault diagnosis ; IEEE Std. 80-2000 ; principal component analysis ; demand response ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the last twenty years, many attempts have been made to provide neurobiological models of autism. Functional, structural and connectivity analyses have highlighted reduced responses in key social areas, such as amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and superior temporal sulcus. However, these studies present discrepant results and some of them have been questioned for methodological limitations. The aim of this research topic is to present advanced neuroimaging methods able to capture the complexity of the neural deficits displayed in autism. This special issue presents new studies using structural and functional MRI, as well as magnetoencephalography, and novel protocols to analyze data (Analysis of Cluster Variability, Noise Reduction Strategies, Source-based Morphometry, Functional Connectivity Density, Restriction Spectrum Imaging and the others). We believe it is time to integrate data provided by different techniques and methodologies in order to have a better understanding of autism.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; magnetic resonance imaging ; biomarkers ; social deficits ; autism spectrum disorder ; magnetoencephalography ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 63
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Special Issue, “Architectural Structure,” aims to gather general advances in human-made constructions which simultaneously are driven by aesthetic and structural engineering considerations. This Special Issue brings together twelve contributions covering the following topics: analysis of architectural typologies; the study of the mechanical performance of structural materials, structural systems and components; and the proposal of techniques to evaluate the mechanical performance in existing structures and new construction techniques.
    Keywords: recycled aggregate concrete ; block masonry ; compressive strength ; carbon emission ; stress–strain curves ; outrigger wall ; multiple openings ; deep beam ; stiffness ; shear strength ; tall building ; inverted multi tee ; prestressed concrete ; precast concrete ; structural performance ; flexural analysis ; self-compacting concrete ; non-destructive test methods ; ultrasonic pulse velocity test ; surface hardness test ; pull-out test ; maturity test ; within-test variability ; normal vibrated concrete ; concrete structures ; beams &amp ; girders ; torsion ; high-strength concrete ; prestressing ; traditional slabs ; ceramic-reinforced slabs ; shear response ; cyclic loading ; natural fiber-reinforced polymers ; NFRP ; computational design ; tailored fiber placement ; coreless filament winding ; rapid prototyping ; industry 4.0 ; lightweight structure ; Geopolymer ; Alkali activated ; tensile strength ; deformability ; experimental study ; analytical model ; reinforced concrete ; beams ; fly ash alkali activated ; bending ; thin-walled I-section ; continuous beam ; local buckling ; longitudinal stress variation ; design ultimate resistance of the cross-section ; Rudolf Steiner ; anthroposophy ; architecture ; Goetheanum ; double-steel-concrete composite shear walls ; axial and bending capacity ; failure characteristic ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 64
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Cognitive processing is commonly conceptualized as being restricted to the cerebral cortex. Accordingly, electrophysiology, neuroimaging and lesion studies involving human and animal subjects have almost exclusively focused on defining roles for cerebral cortical areas in cognition. Roles for the thalamus in cognition have been largely ignored despite the fact that the extensive connectivity between the thalamus and cerebral cortex gives rise to a closely coupled thalamo-cortical system. However, in recent years, growing interest in the thalamus as much more than a passive sensory structure, as well as methodological advances such as high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging of the thalamus and improved electrode targeting to subregions of thalamic nuclei using electrical stimulation and diffusion tensor imaging, have fostered research into thalamic contributions to cognition. Evidence suggests that behavioral context modulates processing in primary sensory, or first-order, thalamic nuclei (for example, the lateral geniculate and ventral posterior nuclei), allowing attentional filtering of incoming sensory information at an early stage of brain processing. Behavioral context appears to more strongly influence higher-order thalamic nuclei (for example, the pulvinar and mediodorsal nucleus), which receive major input from the cortex rather than the sensory periphery. Such higher-order thalamic nuclei have been shown to regulate information transmission in frontal and higher-order sensory cortex according to cognitive demands. This Research Topic aims to bring together neuroscientists who study different parts of the thalamus, particularly thalamic nuclei other than the primary sensory relays, and highlight the thalamic contributions to attention, memory, reward processing, decision-making, and language. By doing so, an emphasis is also placed on neural mechanisms common to many, if not all, of these cognitive operations, such as thalamo-cortical interactions and modulatory influences from sources in the brainstem and basal ganglia. The overall view that emerges is that the thalamus is a vital node in brain networks supporting cognition.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; neural synchrony ; cognitive control ; intralaminar thalamus ; mediodorsal thalamus ; Memory ; Pulvinar ; thalamocortical interactions ; oscillations ; anterior thalamus ; Prefrontal Cortex ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 65
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue on Antimicrobial Resistance in Environmental Waters features 11 articles on the monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in natural aquatic systems (i.e., reservoirs, rivers), and effluent discharge from water treatment plants to assess the effectiveness of AMR removal and resulting loads in treated waters. Some of the key elements of AMR studies presented in this Special Issue highlight the underlying drivers of AMR contamination in the environment and the evaluation of the hazard imposed on aquatic organisms in receiving environments through ecological risk assessments. As described in this Issue, screening antimicrobial peptide (AMP) libraries for biofilm disruption and antimicrobial candidates are promising avenues for the development of new treatment options to eradicate resistance.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TA170-171 ; risk assessment ; reuse water ; Acinetobacter junii ; Escherichia coli ; co-occurrence pattern ; EPS ; wastewater treatment plant ; UV-disinfection ; biofilm ; estuary reservoir ; Environmental Waters ; antibiotic resistance genes ; antimicrobial peptide (AMP) ; wastewater ; tertiary media filtration ; Psl ; antibiotic-resistant strains ; drinking water treatment plants ; water ; sediment ; surface water ; gastrointestinal infections ; Acinetobacter baumannii ; metal resistance genes ; metagenomics ; water reuse ; bacterial community ; antibiotics ; ERIC-PCR ; river-reservoir system ; the Yellow River ; ecological risk assessment ; aquatic environment ; wastewater treatment ; sand settling reservoirs ; antibiotic resistance gene ; environmental ecology ; antibiotic resistance ; ESBL ; water treatment plants ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; chlorination ; irrigation water ; exopolysaccharide ; fecal indicator bacteria ; Antimicrobial Resistance ; persistence ; Qingcaosha reservoir ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: Structural MRI ; functional MRI ; cognitive deficits ; depression ; anxiety ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 67
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book contains research on the pedagogical aspects of fluid mechanics and includes case studies, lesson plans, articles on historical aspects of fluid mechanics, and novel and interesting experiments and theoretical calculations that convey complex ideas in creative ways. The current volume showcases the teaching practices of fluid dynamicists from different disciplines, ranging from mathematics, physics, mechanical engineering, and environmental engineering to chemical engineering. The suitability of these articles ranges from early undergraduate to graduate level courses and can be read by faculty and students alike. We hope this collection will encourage cross-disciplinary pedagogical practices and give students a glimpse of the wide range of applications of fluid dynamics.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: synapse ; plasticity ; electrophysiology ; microscopy ; optogenetics ; methods ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Music is an important source of enjoyment, learning, and well-being in life as well as a rich, powerful, and versatile stimulus for the brain. With the advance of modern neuroimaging techniques during the past decades, we are now beginning to understand better what goes on in the healthy brain when we hear, play, think, and feel music and how the structure and function of the brain can change as a result of musical training and expertise. For more than a century, music has also been studied in the field of neurology where the focus has mostly been on musical deficits and symptoms caused by neurological illness (e.g., amusia, musicogenic epilepsy) or on occupational diseases of professional musicians (e.g., focal dystonia, hearing loss). Recently, however, there has been increasing interest and progress also in adopting music as a therapeutic tool in neurological rehabilitation, and many novel music-based rehabilitation methods have been developed to facilitate motor, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning of infants, children and adults suffering from a debilitating neurological illness or disorder. Traditionally, the fields of music neuroscience and music therapy have progressed rather independently, but they are now beginning to integrate and merge in clinical neurology, providing novel and important information about how music is processed in the damaged or abnormal brain, how structural and functional recovery of the brain can be enhanced by music-based rehabilitation methods, and what neural mechanisms underlie the therapeutic effects of music. Ideally, this information can be used to better understand how and why music works in rehabilitation and to develop more effective music-based applications that can be targeted and tailored towards individual rehabilitation needs. The aim of this Research Topic is to bring together research across multiple disciplines with a special focus on music, brain, and neurological rehabilitation. We encourage researchers working in the field to submit a paper presenting either original empirical research, novel theoretical or conceptual perspectives, a review, or methodological advances related to following two core topics: 1) how are musical skills and attributes (e.g., perceiving music, experiencing music emotionally, playing or singing) affected by a developmental or acquired neurological illness or disorder (for example, stroke, aphasia, brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, autism, ADHD, dyslexia, focal dystonia, or tinnitus) and 2) what is the applicability, effectiveness, and mechanisms of music-based rehabilitation methods for persons with a neurological illness or disorder? Research methodology can include behavioural, physiological and/or neuroimaging techniques, and studies can be either clinical group studies or case studies (studies of healthy subjects are applicable only if their findings have clear clinical implications).
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroimaging ; Brain ; Movement ; Music ; neurological disorders ; Cognition ; Rehabilitation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: As computer and space technologies have been developed, geoscience information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technologies, which deal with the geospatial information, have been rapidly maturing. Moreover, over the last few decades, machine learning techniques including artificial neural network (ANN), deep learning, decision tree, and support vector machine (SVM) have been successfully applied to geospatial science and engineering research fields. The machine learning techniques have been widely applied to GIS and RS research fields and have recently produced valuable results in the areas of geoscience, environment, natural hazards, and natural resources. This book is a collection representing novel contributions detailing machine learning techniques as applied to geoscience information systems and remote sensing.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; sport games ; compensatory eating ; breath test ; exercise-induced anorexia ; Fitbit ; nutrition education ; senescence ; body weight ; sport nutrition ; fitness ; long-term follow-up ; self-efficacy ; protein ; food consumption ; cytokines ; physical exercise ; cardiometabolic health ; mediation analyses ; obesity ; food choice ; telomere length ; sporting events ; carbohydrates ; free radicals ; marathon ; adolescents ; movement skills ; naturally enriched 13C-milk proteins ; behavioral intervention ; acute exercise ; skeletal muscle damage ; Protein ; TERRA ; nutrition ; telemonitoring ; Latino ; adolescent ; macronutrients ; metabolism ; mechanisms of impact ; anabolic competence ; endurance exercise ; food healthiness ; exercise ; health promotion ; behavioral economics ; immunity ; stunting ; lifestyle intervention ; running ; telomerase ; dietary intake ; inflammation ; vegetarian ; recreational athlete ; physical performance ; out-of-home eating ; diet ; overweight ; dietary restriction ; soccer ; dual burden of malnutrition ; protein shake ; childhood memories ; chronic diseases ; music events ; oxidation ; added sugar ; lifestyle change ; vegan ; nudges ; food ; physical activity ; half-marathon ; health conscious ; free or reduced lunch ; low-income ; diet quality ; National School Lunch Program ; older adults ; aging ; sport spectators ; chronic low-grade systemic inflammation ; sport ; food intake ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 71
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: axon degeneration ; Neuropathy ; Glaucoma ; Mitochondrial dysfunction ; Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy ; Mitochondria ; tau ; axon transport ; Neuroinflammation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 72
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Steel has become the most requested material all over the world during the rapid technological evolution of recent centuries. As our civilization grows and its technological development becomes connected with more demanding processes, it is more and more challenging to fit the required physical and mechanical properties for steel in its huge portfolio of grades for each steel producer. It is necessary to improve the refining and casting processes continuously to meet customer requirements and to lower the production costs to remain competitive. New challenges related to both the precise design of steel properties and reduction in production costs are combined with paying special attention to environmental protection. These contradictory demands are the theme of this book.
    Keywords: oxygen converter slag ; chemical composition of slag ; structural composition of slag ; continuous casting ; tundish ; residence time ; transient casting ; swirling flow tundish ; SEN immersion depth ; multiphase flow ; heat transfer ; continuous casting mold ; computional fluid dynamiscs (CFD) ; fuzzy logic ; optimal cooling ; steel quality prediction ; deoxidation ; inclusions ; thermodynamics ; Ti-bearing steel ; Ca treatment ; dephosphorization ; EAF ; BOF ; phosphorus equilibrium ; wide-thick slab ; non-uniform solidification ; heavy reduction ; porosity ; deformation ; ladle stirring ; turbulence ; slag ; interface ; refining ; mixing time ; slag opening ; pipeline steel ; cooling rate ; composition ; Al-TRIP steel ; slag-steel reaction ; crystalline morphology ; equilibrium model ; CALPHAD ; thermodynamic model ; rare earth ; numerical simulation ; C80D steel ; transverse water flux distribution ; solidification structure ; reoxidation ; tundish cover flux ; Cr2O3 ; decomposition reaction ; RH degasser ; physical Simulation ; mixing Time ; PIV ; flow field ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 73
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Estimated prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have increased at an alarming rate over the past decade; current estimates stand as high as 1 in 110 persons in the population with a higher ratio of affected males to females. In addition to their emotional impact on the affected persons and their family members (in fact, the latter are often unrecognized unaffected “patients†themselves), the economic and social impacts of ASDs on society are staggering. Persons with ASDs will need interdisciplinary approaches to complex treatment and life planning, including, but not limited to, special education, speech and language therapy, vocational skills training and rehabilitation, social skills training and cognitive remediation, in addition to pharmacotherapy. The current book highlights some of the recent research on nosology, etiology, and pathophysiology. Additionally, the book touches on the implications of new research for treatment and genetic counseling. Importantly, because the field is advancing rapidly, no book can be considered the final word or finished product; thus, the availability of open access rapid publication is a mechanism that will help to assure that readers remain current and up-to-date.
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Mounting evidence in the last years has demonstrated that self-regulation of brain activity can successfully be achieved by neurofeedback (NF). These methodologies have constituted themselves as new tools for cognitive neuroscience establishing causal links between voluntary brain activations and cognition and behavior, and as potential novel approaches for clinical applications in severe neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g. schizophrenia, depression, Parkinson´s disease, etc.). Current developments of brain imaging-based neurofeedback include the study of the behavioral modifications and neural reorganization produced by learned regulation of the activity of circumscribed brain regions and neuronal network activations. In a rapidly developing field, many open questions and controversies have arisen, i.e. choosing the proper experimental design, the adequate use of control conditions and subjects, the mechanism of learning involved in brain self-regulation, and the still unexplored potential long-lasting effect on brain reorganization and clinical alleviation, among others. This special issue on self-regulation of the brain of emotion and attention using NF approaches interested authors to report technical and methodological advances, scientific investigations in understanding the relation between brain activity and behaviour using NF, and finally studies developing clinical treatment of emotional and attentional disorders. The editors of this special issue anticipate rapid developments in this emerging field.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; emotion ; Attention ; real-time fMRI ; Neuromodulation ; Neurofeedback ; brain-machine interfaces ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 75
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: anger ; aggression ; violence ; aggressive behaviors ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) has become one of the most widespread technologies for spatial light modulation in optics and photonics applications. These reflective microdisplays are composed of a high-performance silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) backplane, which controls the light-modulating properties of the liquid crystal layer. State-of-the-art LCoS microdisplays may exhibit a very small pixel pitch (below 4 ?m), a very large number of pixels (resolutions larger than 4K), and high fill factors (larger than 90%). They modulate illumination sources covering the UV, visible, and far IR. LCoS are used not only as displays but also as polarization, amplitude, and phase-only spatial light modulators, where they achieve full phase modulation. Due to their excellent modulating properties and high degree of flexibility, they are found in all sorts of spatial light modulation applications, such as in LCOS-based display systems for augmented and virtual reality, true holographic displays, digital holography, diffractive optical elements, superresolution optical systems, beam-steering devices, holographic optical traps, and quantum optical computing. In order to fulfil the requirements in this extensive range of applications, specific models and characterization techniques are proposed. These devices may exhibit a number of degradation effects such as interpixel cross-talk and fringing field, and time flicker, which may also depend on the analog or digital backplane of the corresponding LCoS device. The use of appropriate characterization and compensation techniques is then necessary.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; aberration compensation ; holographic and volume memories ; achromatic lens ; head-up displays ; phase characterization ; holographic display ; spatial resolution ; spatial light modulator ; zoom lens ; soliton ; transmission matrix ; head-mounted displays ; diffraction ; parallel-aligned ; liquid-crystal on silicon ; phase measurement ; multimode fiber ; digital holography ; chromatic aberration ; multiorder diffractive lens ; holography ; phase accuracy ; interference ; computer generated hologram ; optical manipulation ; speckle suppression ; phase modulation ; transparent mode ; light scattering ; ferroelectric ; phase change ; liquid-crystal-on-silicon ; imaging systems ; Liquid Crystal on Silicon display ; diffractive optical element ; liquid crystals ; spatially anamorphic phenomenon ; calibration ; head-up display ; helix-free ; phase precision and stability ; kinoform ; spatial light modulators ; photopolymer ; diffractive optics ; mode division multiplexing ; liquid crystal on silicon device ; augmented reality displays ; holographic data storage ; liquid crystal spatial light modulator ; harmonic lens ; fringing field effect ; liquid crystal ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This special feature issue has been initiated to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). In OCT, broad bandwidth light is used in order to produce cross sectional images of turbid and translucent samples with high axial resolution (in the order of a few µm). The imaging speed of OCT can be as high as several millions of depth scans (A-scans) per second which allows for various applications in different fields. This special feature issue consists of three overview papers covering OCT angiography, polarization-sensitive OCT and dental applications of OCT. Additional applications and the latest developments in OCT are covered in nine research papers. The latest developments presented in this issue include magnetomotive OCT, resonant Doppler OCT, full field OCT, new segmentation algorithms and depth range extension. Applications of OCT are widely spread and range from quality control in tooth prostheses and coating thickness measurements in the automotive industry to the assessment of degradation of coatings and alveolar dynamics.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; Biomedical Engineering ; Optical Coherence tomography ; Polarization ; Angiography ; Optics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 78
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: oxidative stress ; inflammation ; apoptosis ; nutraceuticals ; drug delivery ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 79
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The extraction of apatite minerals is becoming more and more crucial with the depletion of high-grade ores. At the same time, many streams of waste are continuously being produced by the phosphate industry, including calcareous and siliceous waste rocks, clayey sludge and phosphogypsum. These waste products are produced in huge volumes reaching a ratio of between 5 to 10 tons of waste per each ton of concentrated phosphate. The management of these waste products is becoming a real issue in terms of growing public awareness and environmental and financial aspects. In addition, phosphate ores are known to contain other critical raw materials (CRM) such as rare earth elements and uranium. The recovery of these vital elements from phosphate waste may help to develop the needs of the green energy of the future and contribute to the achievement of the sustainable development goals. In this Special Issue, insights related to the following aspects were studied: phosphate extraction and beneficiation, novel phosphate ores, the fine characterization of phosphate ores and waste, phosphoric acid production, critical raw material (CRM) recovery from phosphate ores and waste, reprocessing of phosphate wastes and finally the valorization and reuse of phosphate waste and phosphogypsum.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TN1-997 ; n/a ; valorization ; ceramic membrane ; general industrial solid waste ; cemented paste backfill ; cemented phosphogypsum backfill ; unconfined compressive strength ; mineralogy ; froth flotation ; silicate-carbonate gangue ; geochemical characteristic ; activity concentration ; building materials ; valuable elements ; upgrading ; radiological influence ; durability ; phosphogypsum ; phosphate ore processing ; low-grade phosphate ; industrial waste ; phosphogypsum (PG) ; filtration ; civil engineering ; comprehensive utilization ; phosphorite ; flotation ; REE recovery ; phosphate mine waste rocks ; Gafsa-Metlaoui Basin ; acid extraction ; rare earth elements ; drying-wetting cycles ; column flotation ; slimes ; collector ; phosphate mine tailings ; apatite ; purification ; REE-bearing phases ; weathered ore ; water washing ; depressant ; environment behavior ; experimental design ; interfering ions ; technological mineralogy ; red mud ; rare earth elements (REEs) ; waste management ; phosphate ore ; waste recycle ; natural radioactivity ; natural aggregates ; phosphate ; beneficiation ; beneficiation tailings ; road techniques wet process ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: primary cilia ; nucleolus ; autophagy ; cellular stress ; cell homeostasis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This special issue collects selected papers about a wide range of innovative applications in earthquake engineering. These studies were presented during the 2nd Edition of the International Workshop “Traditional and Innovative Approaches in Seismic Engineering”, held in Pisa in March 2017. The topics refer to the investigation of traditional and innovative materials for earthquake engineering applications: masonry, reinforced concrete, steel, structural glass and timber. In particular, advanced analytical and numerical analyses are described for considering effects of strength and material irregularities and rocking behavior under seismic excitations on historic buildings and industrial facilities. Experimental tests are also illustrated with the purpose of investigating the strengthening on masonry arches due to lime-based mortar composites and of obtaining reliable values of stiffness for moment resisting steel-timber connections. Among the innovative approaches, studies on original pavilions made of long-spanned TVT-portals braced with hybrid glass-steel panels are illustrated
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; design ; seismic ; builings ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Biomaterials is currently one of the most important fields of study. This is because of the high degree of interdisciplinarity and the many practical solutions it provides in relation to medicine, biology, chemistry, and physics. This Special Issue provides readers with research from the domain of composite biomaterials in different applications, from controlled drug release systems to tissue engineering.
    Keywords: PMMA ; zirconia (ZrO2) ; nanocomposite ; denture base ; flexural strength ; impact strength ; fracture toughness ; hardness ; graphene oxide ; silicone rubber ; composite materials ; antifouling ; harmonic motion ; corn straw ; pretreatment ; dyeing ; chemical structure ; tensile properties ; UV barrier ; water-resistance ; polylactic acid ; hydroxyapatite ; composite films ; industrial bamboo residue ; holocellulose aerogel ; hydrophobicity ; fire resistance ; thermal insulation material ; nucleating agent ; isotactic polypropylene ; transcrystallinity ; natural fibres ; Tencel™ ; membrane ; cellulose ; water purification ; tissue engineering ; magnetic nanoparticles ; composite ; DDS ; hyperthermia ; collagen ; scaffolds ; membranes ; hydrogels ; whey protein fibrils ; carbon nanotubes ; carbon nano-onions ; composites ; interaction ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 83
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue presents the latest advances in the field of Textile-Reinforced Cement Composites, including Textile-Reinforced Concrete (TRC), Textile-Reinforced Mortar (TRM), Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM), etc. These composite materials distinguish themselves from other fibre-reinforced concrete materials by their strain-hardening behaviour under tensile loading. This Special Issue is composed of 14 papers covering new insights in structural and material engineering. The papers include investigations on the level of the fibre reinforcement system as well as on the level of the composites, investigating their impact and fatigue behaviour, durability and fire behaviour. Both the strengthening of existing structures and the development of new structural systems such as lightweight sandwich systems are presented, and analysis and design methods are discussed. This Special Issue demonstrates the broadness and intensity of the ongoing advancements in the field of Textile-Reinforced Cement composites and the importance of several future research directions.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; practical application ; fabric reinforced cementitious mortar ; tensile strength ; carbon concrete composite ; TRC ; cement composites ; model calibration ; micro-fiber ; textile reinforced cementitious composites (TRC) ; alkaline environment ; test setup ; fatigue ; textile-reinforced mortar ; foam concrete (FC) ; FRCM ; fire ; stochastic cracking model ; model ; retrofitting ; toughness ; bending tests ; normal weight/lightweight aggregates ; layered finite elements ; carbon-reinforced concrete ; fiber ; tension ; ACK model ; impact loading ; sandwich elements ; durability ; textile ; creep ; fiber-reinforced concrete ; digital image correlation (DIC) ; moisture ; size effect ; textile reinforcement ; bending ; CRC ; elevated temperatures ; mixture rules ; fibre ; carbon reinforced concrete ; cathodic corrosion protection ; glass fabric ; strengthening ; design provisions ; high performance concrete ; wind loading ; textile reinforced mortar ; masonry ; textile-reinforced concrete ; strain-hardening cement-based composites ; cementitious composites ; design ; carbon textile ; textile reinforced concrete ; textile coating ; thin-walled shells ; reactive powder concrete (RPC) ; shear ; short-fiber reinforcement ; epoxy impregnation ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; bond ; high temperature ; textile reinforced concrete (TRC) ; finite element model ; uniaxial tensile tests ; structural insulating sandwich panel ; shear span ; crack spacing ; hybrid reinforcement ; four-point bending tests ; real scale bending experiments ; single-yarn pullout ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The early postnatal period is a crucial stage for hippocampal development. During this critical period, the neonatal hippocampus is highly sensitive to the detrimental consequences of adverse environmental factors. Extensive clinical and preclinical evidence has shown that traumatic events early in life have profound and persistent effects on hippocampal function and behavior. This research topic focuses on the acute and lasting effects of early-life stress on various developmental processes in the hippocampus, and aims to uncover the molecules that are responsible for early-life stress-programmed effects and underlie resilience or vulnerability to stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders later in life. We hope the articles in this research topic will provide novel insights and stimulate future studies on the mechanisms of early-life stress and brain development.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; development ; molecular mechanism ; early-life stress ; plasticity ; Hippocampus ; psychiatric disorders ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 85
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Electrochemical capacitors are being increasingly introduced in energy storage devices, for example, in automobiles, renewable energies, and mobile terminals. This book includes five high-quality papers that can lead to technological developments in electrochemical capacitors. The first paper describes the effect of the milling degree of activated carbon particles used in the electrodes on the supercapacitive performance of an electric double-layer capacitor. The second, fourth, and fifth papers describe novel electrode materials that have the potential to enhance the performance of next-generation electrochemical capacitors. Nickel molybdate/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite, copper-decorated carbon nanotubes, and nickel hydroxide/activated carbon composite are tested, and are shown to be promising candidates for next-generation electrochemical capacitors. The third paper reports the hybrid utilization of electrochemical capacitors with other types of energy devices (photovoltaics, fuel cells, and batteries) in a DC microgrid, which ensures wider applications of electrochemical capacitors in the near future. The knowledge and experience in this book are beneficial in manufacturing and utilizing electrochemical capacitors. Cutting-edge knowledge related to novel electrode nano-materials is also helpful to design next-generation electrochemical capacitors. This book delivers useful information to specialists involved in energy storage technologies.
    Keywords: CNT ; copper ; composite ; energy storage ; DC microgrid ; energy management ; hybrid power system ; energy efficiency ; nickel-cobalt hydroxide ; activated carbon ; hybrid capacitor prototype case study ; KOH aqueous electrolyte energy storage device ; coin-cell prototype ; electrochemical performance ; starch ; porous structure ; NiMoO4/3D-rGO nanocomposite ; NiMoO4 NPs ; ball milling ; electric double-layer capacitor ; supercapacitor ; electrode ; specific capacitance ; energy density ; power density ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: deep learning ; convolutional neural networks ; brain age estimation ; neurodegenerative diseases ; automated diagnosis ; brain image segmentation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Historically, cognitive sciences have considered selective attention and working memory as largely separated cognitive functions. That is, selective attention as a concept is typically reserved for the processes that allow for the prioritization of specific sensory input, while working memory entails more central structures for maintaining (and operating on) temporary mental representations. However, over the last decades various observations have been reported that question such sharp distinction. Most importantly, information stored in working memory has been shown to modulate selective attention processing – and vice versa. At the theoretical level, these observations are paralleled by an increasingly dominant focus on working memory as (involving) the attended part of long-term memory, with some positions considering that working memory is equivalent to selective attention turned to long-term memory representations – or internal selective attention. This questions the existence of working memory as a dedicated cognitive function and raises the need for integrative accounts of working memory and attention. The next step will be to explore the precise implications of attentional accounts of WM for the understanding of specific aspects and characteristics of WM, such as serial order processing, its modality-specificity, its capacity limitations, its relation with executive functions, as well as the nature of attentional mechanisms involved. This research topic in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience aims at bringing together the latest insights and findings about the interplay between working memory and selective attention.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; spatial attention ; working memory ; executive attention ; Internal attention ; short-term memory ; selective attention ; serial order ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Traditionally fatigue, fracture, damage mechanics are predictions are based on empirical curve fitting models based on experimental data. However, when entropy is used as the metric for degradation of the material, the modeling process becomes physics based rather than empirical modeling. Because, entropy generation in a material can be calculated from the fundamental equation of thematerial. This collection of manuscripts is about using entropy for "Fatigue, Fracture, Failure Prediction and Structural Health Monitoring". The theoretical paper in the collection provides the mathematical and physics framework behind the unified mechanics theory, which unifies universal laws of motion of Newton and laws of thermodynamics at ab-initio level. Unified Mechanics introduces an additional axis called, Thermodynamic State Index axis which is linearly independent from Newtonian space x, y, z and time. As a result, derivative of displacement with respect to entropy is not zero, in unified mechanics theory, as in Newtonian mechanics. Any material is treated as a thermodynamic system and fundamental equation of the material is derived. Fundamental equation defines entropy generation rate in the system. Experimental papers in the collection prove validity of using entropy as a stable metric for Fatigue, Fracture, Failure Prediction and Structural Health Monitoring.
    Keywords: fatigue ; system failure ; degradation analysis ; entropy generation ; stress strain ; plastic strain ; thermodynamics ; health monitoring ; copula entropy ; measure ; dependence ; multiple degradation processes ; physics of failure ; prognosis and health management ; entropy as damage ; acoustic emission ; information entropy ; thermodynamic entropy ; Jeffreys divergence ; MaxEnt distributions ; fatigue damage ; low-cycle fatigue ; satellite ; dynamic health evaluation ; fuzzy reasoning ; entropy increase rate ; creep strain ; damage mechanics ; metallic material ; mechanothermodynamics ; tribo-fatigue entropy ; wear-fatigue damage ; stress-strain state ; limiting state ; damage state ; dangerous volume ; interaction ; irreversible damage ; degradation-entropy generation theorem ; dual-phase steel ; fatigue crack growth rate ; spectrum loading ; entropy ; unified mechanics ; Ti-6Al-4V ; medium entropy alloy ; deformation twinning ; dislocation slip ; surface nano-crystallization ; shot peening ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Edition of Energies on “Energy Storage and Management for Electric Vehicles” draws together a collection of research papers that critically evaluates key areas of innovation and novelty when designing and managing the high-voltage battery system within an electrified powertrain. The addressed topics include design optimisation, mathematical modelling, control engineering, thermal management, and component sizing.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; battery charging ; lithium ion battery ; adaptive forgetting factor ; operating expenses ; cell sorting ; linear programming ; Simulink ; equivalent circuit model ; genetic algorithm ; multi-parameters sorting ; hybrid power system ; electric vehicle ; energy storage ageing and degradation ; parameter estimation ; Simscape ; supercapacitors ; state-of-health (SOH) ; battery energy storage system ; ECE15 ; efficiency ; residential battery storage ; timetable optimization ; self-discharge ; dynamic programming approach ; state of charge estimation ; regenerative energy ; fuel cell ; energy storage system ; nonlinear battery model ; charging scheme ; Li-Sulfur batteries ; Matlab ; dynamic flow rate optimization ; rule-based optimal strategy ; second-life energy storage applications ; Identification ; hybrid vehicle ; recursive least square ; thermal modelling ; zinc–nickel single-flow battery ; Luenberger observer ; HPPC ; vehicle-to-building ; ?-constraint method ; lithium-ion battery ; life cycle assessment ; parameter identification ; Lipschitz nonlinear system ; lithium titanate oxide batteries ; batteries ; battery degradation ; improved artificial bee colony ; optimal control ; thermal behaviour ; supercapacitor models ; battery cycle-life extension ; cycle-life ; self-organizing maps clustering ; principal component analysis ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 90
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Laser welding is a high-energy process used in a wide range of advanced materials to obtain micro- to macro-sized joints in both similar and dissimilar combinations. Moreover, this technique is widely used in several industries, such as automotive, aerospace, and medical industries, as well as in electrical devices. Although laser welding has been used for several decades, significant and exciting innovations often arise from both the process and/or advanced materials side.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; tensile strength ; microstructure ; aided electric current ; stainless steel ; accuracy ; porosity control ; laser offset welding ; T-joint ; BTi-6431S ; dissimilar metal ; finite element method ; weld pool behavior ; dissimilar welding ; WPP ; laser welds ; HLAW ; fiber laser ; steel S700MC ; conduction regime ; liquid metal ; buy-to-fly ; EBSD phase mapping ; mass transfer ; mechanical properties ; hardness ; MAG ; phase transformation ; prediction ; LKW ; Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr ; laser beam ; laser welding-brazing ; DP1000 steel ; Ti–6Al–4V ; titanium ; low alloyed steel ; H-shaped fusion zone ; pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam welding ; spatter ; high-speed imaging ; weld morphology ; high temperature titanium alloy ; Al/steel joints ; hybrid welding ; dissimilar material ; laser beam welding ; intermetallic layer ; WW ; L-joint ; penetration ; laser stake welding ; laser keyhole welding ; trip steel ; finite element analysis ; laser welding ; magnesium alloy thin sheet ; keyhole ; tensile properties ; dissimilar joining ; IMC layers ; SKM ; fiber laser welding ; aluminium ; dual phase steel ; aluminum alloy T-joint ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 91
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Agricultural drainage, such as runoffs from farmlands and wineries, are contaminated waters. Their management is monitored by environmental protection authorities who set targets of volume or pollutant reductions. Due to large quantities and seasonal variations, the targets are often not met, and effective management remains a problem in many parts of the world. Natural wetlands are known as the ‘kidneys’ of the earth with unique water purification functions that have long been recognized. Imitating the functions of natural wetlands, constructed wetlands are engineered systems purposely built to treat contaminated waters. They may therefore be called the ‘artificial kidneys’ of the earth. Rural areas often only have low-value lands available for constructed wetlands. Where large quantities of drainage are produced, farmlands are often adjacent to degraded natural wetlands that have reduced ecosystem functions. Controlled discharge and treatment in the wetlands can potentially be part of an integrated solution to multiple environmental problems. This book includes some recent studies on the fate of pollutants removed from agricultural drainage in wetlands, modelling of wetland performance, innovative systems, and the use of non-hazardous agricultural waste in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. These studies enhance our understanding of wetland systems, and will help develop wetland technology towards solving the problems associated with agricultural drainage.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; TA170-171 ; Agricultural runoff ; wastewater treatment. ; constructed wetland ; pollution control ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 92
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The inferior colliculus (IC) is a unique structure in the auditory system, located between the primary auditory nuclei of the brainstem and the thalamus. The existence of the complex neural circuits in the auditory brainstem and midbrain, lacking in other sensory systems, has motivated an outpouring of research on the circuitry and physiological properties of the IC. IC neurons receive ascending inputs from over 20 separate sources in the brainstem as well as a dense collection of descending connections from the cortex. It is richly connected to both the left and right ears through these circuits and a major theme in research on the IC has been its role in binaural interactions. A second theme is the role of descending circuits in modulating responses to sound in the IC. A third theme is understanding the sound processing that occurs at the level of the IC, essentially how the representation of sound in the IC differs from that in the two auditory nerves. The representation of sound in the IC is an intermediate step in the development of the cortical representation as well as in the development of many perceptual features of sounds. These characteristics have been documented for a number of computations, including sound localization, masking properties, robustness of the representation, and responses to temporal and spectral properties of sounds. This Research Topic aims to discuss a wide range of aspects of the structure and function of the IC in a way that will facilitate future research.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; ion channel models ; inferior colliculus ; sona ; representation of sound ; internal circuitry ; Neural Pathways ; inhibitory circuits ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Image analysis is a fundamental task for extracting information from images acquired across a range of different devices. Since reliable quantitative results are requested, image analysis requires highly sophisticated numerical and analytical methods—particularly for applications in medicine, security, and remote sensing, where the results of the processing may consist of vitally important data. The contributions to this book provide a good overview of the most important demands and solutions concerning this research area. In particular, the reader will find image analysis applied for feature extraction, encryption and decryption of data, color segmentation, and in the support new technologies. In all the contributions, entropy plays a pivotal role.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; keyframes ; time-delay ; whale optimization algorithm ; multilevel thresholding ; multi-exposure image fusion ; additive manufacturing ; patch structure decomposition ; ultra-sound images ; 3D scanning ; Arimoto entropy ; contrast enhancement ; spatial filling factor ; depth maps ; image processing ; 3D prints ; differential evolution ; field of experts ; normalized divergence measure ; image privacy ; multiscale top-hat transform ; q-exponential ; texture information entropy ; diffusion ; hybrid algorithm ; Weibull statistics ; adaptive selection ; nonextensive entropy ; computer aided diagnostics ; fatty liver ; random forest ; DNA encoding ; low contrast ; entropy ; Minkowski island ; fuzzy entropy ; free-form deformations ; person re-identification ; chaotic system ; DNA computing ; pavement ; information entropy ; discrete entropy ; Tsallis statistics ; video skimming ; prime-indexed primes ; natural scene statistics (NSS) ; Hénon map ; q-sigmoid ; image entropy ; Shannon entropy ; macrotexture ; Shannon’s entropy ; binary image ; multi-feature fusion ; image analysis ; uncertainty assessment ; non-rigid registration ; hash layer ; Cantor set ; dynamic filtering ; deep neural network ; security analysis ; multiple-image encryption ; Hamming distance ; blind image quality assessment (BIQA) ; q-Gaussian ; remote sensing ; decay trend ; chaotic cryptography ; chaotic strategy ; cross-entropy loss ; random insertion ; metabolic syndrome ; sign languages ; generalized entropies ; relevance feedback ; image retrieval ; two-dimensional chaotic economic map ; cryptanalysis ; infrared images ; 3D Latin cube ; SHA-256 hash value ; gradient distributions ; structural entropy ; discrete cosine transform (DCT) ; chaotic map ; hepatic steatosis ; machine vision ; electromagnetic field optimization ; security ; image segmentation ; quantization loss ; colonoscopy ; video summarization ; permutation ; Kapur’s entropy ; surface quality assessment ; permutation-diffusion ; Ramanujan primes ; Rényi entropies ; chosen-plaintext attack ; image encryption ; dynamic index ; color image segmentation ; ultrasound ; Otsu method ; sigmoid ; reconstruction ; image information entropy ; 3-D digital imaging ; positron emission tomography ; medical imaging ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Wood composites have shown very good performance, and substantial service lives when correctly specified for the exposure risks present. Selection of an appropriate product for the job should be accompanied by decisions about the appropriate protection, whether this is by design, by preservative treatment or by wood modification techniques. This Special Issue, Advances in Wood Composites presents recent progress in enhancing and refining the performance and properties of wood composites by chemical and thermal modification and the application of smart nanomaterials, which have made them a particular area of interest for researchers. In addition, it reviews some important aspects in the field of wood composites, with particular focus on their materials, applications, and engineering and scientific advances, including solutions inspired biomimetrically by the structure of wood and wood composites. This Special Issue, with a collection of 13 original contributions, provides selected examples of recent Advances in Wood Composites
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; shear strength ; n/a ; buckling ; thermal property ; acetic anhydride ; WPC ; silicon carbide ; coating amount ; composite ; polymer-triticale boards ; wood ; activation volume ; oriented strand lumber (OSL) ; bending strength ; nanowollastonite ; VOCs ; wood-inorganic composites ; thermal modification ; wood plastic composite ; crystallinity ; sol-gel process ; wood adhesive ; straw ; mechanical properties ; bamboo ; plastic ; carbothermal reduction ; formaldehyde emissions ; cellulose ; graphene nano-platelets ; creep behavior ; surface properties ; dimensional stability ; nanocompounds ; UF resin ; tunnel-structured ; ceramic ; color ; water absorption ; high-density polyethylene film ; mechanical property ; aquacultural ; HDPE ; biorefinery lignin ; methyl methacrylate ; structural analysis ; sol–gel process ; polyurethane-acrylate ; mechanical and physical properties ; water-based UV curing coating ; oak (Quercus alba L.) ; dynamic thermodynamic ; stepped isostress method ; thermoplastic polymers ; sustainable adhesives ; finite element analysis ; rapid formaldehyde release ; adhesive penetration ; modulus of elasticity in bending ; Southwell’s method ; hydrophobicity ; Abaqus ; sepiolite ; chemical structure ; alder plywood ; wood panels ; particleboard properties ; chemical modification ; thickness swelling ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 95
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Interaction between language and cognition remains an unsolved scientific problem. What are the differences in neural mechanisms of language and cognition? Why do children acquire language by the age of six, while taking a lifetime to acquire cognition? What is the role of language and cognition in thinking? Is abstract cognition possible without language? Is language just a communication device, or is it fundamental in developing thoughts? Why are there no animals with human thinking but without human language? Combinations even among 100 words and 100 objects (multiple words can represent multiple objects) exceed the number of all the particles in the Universe, and it seems that no amount of experience would suffice to learn these associations. How does human brain overcome this difficulty?
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Brain and functional imaging ; Language ; Cognition ; Emotions ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Spatial-hearing ability has been found to vary widely across listeners. A survey of the existing auditory-space perception literature suggests that three main types of factors may account for this variability: - physical factors, e.g., acoustical characteristics related to sound-localization cues, - perceptual factors, e.g., sensory/cognitive processing, perceptual learning, multisensory interactions, - and methodological factors, e.g., differences in stimulus presentation methods across studies. However, the extent to which these–and perhaps other, still unidentified—factors actually contribute to the observed variability in spatial hearing across individuals with normal hearing or within special populations (e.g., hearing-impaired listeners) remains largely unknown. Likewise, the role of perceptual learning and multisensory interactions in the emergence of a multimodal but unified representation of “auditory space,” is still an active topic of research. A better characterization and understanding of the determinants of inter-individual variability in spatial hearing, and of its relationship with perceptual learning and multisensory interactions, would have numerous benefits. In particular, it would enhance the design of rehabilitative devices and of human-machine interfaces involving auditory, or multimodal space perception, such as virtual auditory/multimodal displays in aeronautics, or navigational aids for the visually impaired. For this Research Topic, we have considered manuscripts that: - present new methods, or review existing methods, for the study of inter-individual differences; - present new data (or review existing) data, concerning acoustical features relevant for explaining inter-individual differences in sound-localization performance; - present new (or review existing) psychophysical or neurophysiological findings concerning spatial hearing and/or auditory perceptual learning, and/or multisensory interactions in humans (normal or impaired, young or older listeners) or other species; - discuss the influence of inter-individual differences on the design and use of assistive listening devices (rehabilitation) or human-machine interfaces involving spatial hearing or multimodal perception of space (ergonomy).
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Learning ; HRTF (head related transfer function) ; Sound Localization ; spatial hearing ; adaptation ; training ; binaural cues ; spectral cues ; mulltisensory interaction ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 97
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In recent years research on ischemic stroke has developed powerful therapeutic tools. The novel frontiers of stem cells therapy and of hypothermia have been explored, and novel brain repair mechanisms have been discovered. Limits to intravenous thrombolysis have been advanced and powerful endovascular tools have been put at the clinicians' disposal. Surgical decompression in malignant stroke has significantly improved the prognosis of this often fatal condition. This book includes contributions from scientists active in this innovative research. Stroke physicians, students, nurses and technicians will hopefully use it as a tool of continuing medical education to update their knowledge in this rapidly changing field.
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 98
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: neuromodulation ; electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) ; repetitive transcranialmagnetic stimulation (rTMS) ; transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) ; neurofeedback ; psychiatry ; rehabilitation ; resting state network (RSN) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Noninvasive brain stimulation (including Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Current Brain Stimulation (TCS)) can be used both experimentally and therapeutically. In the experimental domain TMS can be applied in single pulses to depolarize a small population of neurons in a targeted brain region. This protocol can be used, for example, to map cortical motor outputs, study central motor conduction time, or evaluate the cortical silent period (a measure of intracortical inhibition) all of which are relevant to neurodevelopment. TMS can also be applied in pairs of pulses (paired pulse stimulation, ppTMS) where two pulses are presented in rapid succession to study intracortical inhibition and facilitation. Trains of repeated TMS (rTMS) pulses can be applied at various stimulation frequencies and patterns to modulate local cortical excitability beyond the duration of the stimulation itself. Depending on the parameters of stimulation the excitability can be either facilitated or suppressed. TCS (including Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), alternating current (tACS), and random noise current stimulation (tRNS) also have the potential to modulate cortical excitability and have also been used to study and modulate cortical activity in healthy and patient populations. The after-effects of rTMS and TCS are thought to be related to changes in efficacy (in either the positive or negative direction) of synaptic connections of the neurons being stimulated, thus these techniques have been used to study and modulate cortical plasticity mechanisms in a number of populations. Recently, researchers have begun to apply these techniques to the study of neurodevelopmental mechanisms as well as the pathophysiology and development of novel treatments for neurodevelopmental disorders. Though there is much promise, caution is warranted given the vulnerability of pediatric and clinical populations and the potential that these techniques have to modify circuit development in a cortex that is in a very dynamic state. This Research Topic hopes to provide an opportunity to share ideas across areas (human and animal researchers, clinicians and basic scientists). We are particularly interested in papers that address issues of choosing a protocol (intensity, frequency, location, coil geometry etc.), populations where noninvasive brain stimulation may have direct impact on diagnostics and treatment, as well as the safety and ethics of applying these techniques in pediatric populations. As many may not be aware of the potential and limitations of noninvasive brain stimulation and its use for research and treatment in this area, this Research Topic promises to have broad appeal. Submissions for all Frontiers article types are encouraged.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; development ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Depression ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders ; Pediatric Stroke ; Safety ; transcranial direct current stimulation ; noninvasive brain stimulation ; pediatric ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: predation risk ; predator ; prey ; defense ; fear ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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