ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction --- 2. Mitochondrion-rich (MR) cells --- 2-1. General characteristics of MR cells --- 2-2. Molecular mechanisms of ion-transporting functions of MR cells --- 3. Euryhalinity and stenohalinity of teleosts --- 4. Mozambique tilapia --- 4-1. MR cells in the yolk-sac membrane of tilapia embryos and larvae --- 4-2. FW- and SW-type MR cells in tilapia embryos and larvae --- 4-3. Functions of multicellular complexes of SW-type MR cells --- 4-4. Functional differentiation of MR cells in the yolk-sac membrane --- 4-5. Functional classification of MR cells in the yolk-sac membrane --- 4-6. "Yolk ball" incubation system --- 4-7. Salinity tolerance of adult tilapia --- 4-8. Possible osmoreception by MR cells --- 5. Killifish --- 5-1. Transitional processes of MR-cell distribution during early life stages --- 5-2. Distinct FW- and SW-type MR cells --- 5-3. Functional alteration and replacement of MR cells --- 5-4. Ion-absorbing mechanisms of MR cells --- 6. Chum salmon --- 6.1. Hypoosmoregulatory ability of chum salmon embryo --- 6-2. Seawater adaptability in chum salmon fry --- 6-3. MR-cell turnover in the gills of chum salmon fry --- 6-4. Loss of hypoosmoregulatory ability in mature chum salmon --- 7. Japanese eel --- 7-1. Epidermal MR cells in embryos and larvae --- 7-2. Ontogenic changes in MR cells during leptocephalus and glass eel stages --- 7-3. MR cells in glass eel acclimated to FW --- 7-4. Gill MR cells in eel cultured in FW and those acclimated to SW --- 7-5. MR cells in yellow and silver eel --- 8. Fugu --- 8-1. Low-salinity tolerance of fugu --- 8-2. Gill MR cells in fugu --- 8-3. Functional significance of prolactin in a marine teleost of fugu --- 8-4. Comparison of growth in fugu reared in 25 and 100% SW. --- 9. Japanese dace --- 9-1. Acid tolerance of Osorezan dace --- 9-2. Molecular mechanisms of acid adaptation --- 10. Conclusions and future perspectives

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction --- 2. Eel as an experimental fish for studying liver functions --- 2-1. Availability of eel (Anguilla japonica) as an experimental fish --- 2-2. Perfusion of eel liver --- 2-3. Primary culture of eel hepatocytes --- 2-3A. Isolated eel hepatocytes --- 2-3B. Primary culture of eel hepatocytes --- 3. Glucose metabolisms in eel liver --- 3-1. Gluconeogenesis in rat liver --- 3-2. Gluconeogenesis in eel liver --- 3-2A. Gluconeogenesis by perfused eel liver --- 3-2B. Gluconeogenesis by isolated eel hepatocytes and cultured eel hepatocytes --- 3-3. Phosphoenolpyruvate synthesis pathway in eel liver --- 3-3A. Effects of inhibitors --- 3-3B. Subcellular distribution of enzymes --- 3-3C. Effects of leucine and other amino acids --- 3-3D. Effect of oleic acid --- 3-4. Comparison of PEP synthesis pathways between eel, rat, and pigeon liver --- 3-5. Glycogen metabolisms in eel liver --- 4. Lipoprotein metabolisms in eel liver --- 4-1. Characteristics of fish serum lipoproteins --- 4-2. Lipoproteins secreted by primary cultured eel hepatocytes --- 4-3. Effects of maturation on eel lipoprotein metabolism --- 4-3A. Comparison of body length, body weight, gonad-somatic index, and plasma thyroxine between silver and yellow eels --- 4-3B. Comparison of plasma lipoproteins between silver and yellow eels --- 4-3C. Comparison of lipoprotein synthesis by cultured hepatocytes of silver and yellow eels --- 4-3D. Effect of thyroxine on lipoprotein synthesis by cultured eel hepatocytes --- 4-4. HDL binding to primary cultured eel hepatocytes --- 4-4A. Stimulatory effect of HDL on VLDL-like lipoprotein synthesis and secretion --- 4-4B. ApoAI and apoAII of HDL do not function as a ligand for eel HDL receptor --- 4-4C. Ganglioside of HDL functions as a ligand for an HDL receptor of eel hepatocytes --- 4-4C-1. Ganglioside GM4 isolated from eel serum HDL --- 4-4C-2. GM4 as the ligand for eel HDL receptor --- 4-5. Vitellogenin induction by cultured eel hepatocytes --- 4-5A. Vitellogenin induction by estradiol-17β --- 4-5B. Vitellogenin induction by cultured eel hepatocytes --- 4-5C. Stimulatory effect of HDL on vitellogenin synthesis and secretion --- 5. Discussion --- 5-1. Integrity of a perfused eel liver, isolated and cultured hepatocytes --- 5-2. Gluconeogenesis and glycogen metabolisms in eel liver --- 5-2A. Gluconeogenesis --- 5-2B. Glycogen metabolisms --- 5-3. Lipoprotein metabolisms in eel liver --- 5-3A. Lipoprotein synthesized by cultured eel hepatocytes --- 5-3B. HDL metabolism --- 5-3C. Induction of vitellogenin synthesis by cultured eel hepatocytes. --- 5-4. General Discussion

Description / Table of Contents: Plenary Lectures --- Fisheries Management: Status and Challenges / Ichiro Nomura / pp. 1-16 --- Exploring the BOFFFF Hypothesis Using a Model of Southern African Deepwater Hake (Merluccius paradoxus) / John G. Field, Coleen L. Moloney, Louis du Buisson, Astrid Jarre, Tore Stroemme, Marek R. Lipinski and Paulus Kainge / pp. 17-26 --- Effects of Fishing on Inter and Intra Stock Diversity of Marine Resources / Gudrun Marteinsdóttir and Heidi Pardoe / pp. 27-43 --- Knowledge on How To Achieve Sustainable Fisheries / Ray Hilborn / pp. 45-56 --- The Role of Docosahexaenoic and Arachidonic Acids as Determinants of Evolution and Hominid Brain Development / Michael A. Crawford, C. Leigh Broadhurst, Claudio Galli, Kebreab Ghebremeskel, Holm Holmsen, Letten F. Saugstad, Walter F. Schmidt, Andrew J. Sinclair and Stephen C. Cunnane / pp. 57-76 --- Genomics and the Genome Duplication in Salmonids / Ben F. Koop and William S. Davidson / pp. 77-86 --- A Tale of Two Initiatives: Integrated Coastal Management in Xiamen and Batangas Bay Region / Thia-Eng Chua / pp. 87-102 --- Keynote 1: Fisheries and Fish Biology --- Age-validated Longevity of Fishes: Its Importance for Sustainable Fisheries / Gregor M. Cailliet and Allen H. Andrews / pp. 103-120 --- Monitoring Prey Availability via Data Loggers Deployed on Seabirds: Advances and Present Limitations / C. A. Bost, A. Jaeger, W. Huin, P. Koubbi, L. G. Halsey, H. Hanuise and Y. Handrich / pp. 121-137 --- Refocusing Stock Assessment in Support of Policy Evaluation / André E. Punt / pp. 139-152 --- Hatchery Stocking for Restoring Wild Populations: A Genetic Evaluation of the Reproductive Success of Hatchery Fish vs. Wild Fish / Hitoshi Araki / pp. 153-167 --- A Review of Bycatch and Discard Issue Toward Solution / Tatsuro Matsuoka / pp. 169-180 --- Keynote 2: Aquaculture --- Environmental Impact of Aquaculture on Coastal Planktonic Ecosystems / Yngvar Olsen and Lasse Mork Olsen / pp. 181-196 --- Meeting the Future Demand for Aquatic Food through Aquaculture: the Role of Aquatic Animal Health / Melba G. Bondad-Reantaso and Rohana P. Subasinghe / pp. 197-207 --- Keynote 3: Biotechnology --- Spermatogonial Transplantation in Fish: Production of Trout Offspring from Salmon Parents / Tomoyuki Okutsu, Yutaka Takeuchi and Goro Yoshizaki / pp. 209-219 --- Biotechnology of Marine Invertebrates-Recent Advances in Shrimp and Shellfish / Anchalee Tassanakajon, Tipachai Vatanavicharn, Premruethai Supungul, Sureerat Tang, Piti Amparyup, Kunlaya Somboonwiwat, Sirinit Tharntada, Jun Takahashi and Haruhiko Toyohara / pp. 221-239 --- Molecular Biotechnology of Development and Growth in Fish Muscle / Ian A. Johnston, Daniel J. Macqueen and Shugo Watabe / pp. 241-262 --- Molecular Innate Immunity in Teleost Fish: Review and Future Perspectives / Takashi Aoki, Tomokazu Takano, Mudjekeewis D. Santos, Hidehiro Kondo and Ikuo Hirono / pp. 263-276 --- Molecular Interaction between Fish Pathogens and Host Aquatic Animals / Laura L. Brown and Stewart C. Johnson / pp. 277-288 --- Keynote 4: Post Harvest Science and Technology --- Progress on Processing and Utilization of Aquatic Products in China / Xichang Wang, Jingjing Zhang and Jiechun Deng / pp. 289-295 --- Molecular Identification of Species and the Geographic Origin of Seafood / Michiaki Yamashita, Atsushi Namikoshi, Jun Iguchi, Yasuharu Takashima, Mohammed Anwar Hossain, Takeshi Yabu and Yumiko Yamashita / pp. 297-306 --- Keynote 5: Ecosystems—Linking Climate Change and Fisheries— --- Effects of Climate Change on Marine Ecosystems / Chen-Tung Arthur Chen / pp. 307-316 --- Keynote 6: Freshwater, Coastal and Marine Environments --- Harmful Algal Blooms and Ocean Observing Systems: Needs, Present Status and Future Potential / Donald M. Anderson / pp. 317-334 --- Coastal Artificial Habitats for Fishery and Environmental Management and Scientific Advancement / William Seaman / pp. 335-349 --- “Sato-Umi”—A New Concept for Sustainable Fisheries / Tetsuo Yanagi / pp. 351-358 --- Keynote 7: Biodiversity and Management --- Optimal Fishing Policies That Maximize Sustainable Ecosystem Services / Hiroyuki Matsuda, Mitsutaku Makino and Koji Kotani / pp. 359-369 --- Ecosystem-Based Sustainable Conservation and Management of Pacific Salmon / Masahide Kaeriyama / pp. 371-380 --- Some Lessons from Implementing Management Procedures / Douglas S. Butterworth / pp. 381-397 --- Keynote 8: Economics and Social Science --- Reconsidering the Contribution of Fisheries to Society and Millennium Development Goals / Kenneth Ruddle / pp. 399-411 --- Advantages and Disadvantages of the Fisheries Trade / Yoshiaki Matsuda / pp. 413-423 --- Keynote 9: Education and International Cooperation --- Japan’s Fisheries Cooperation: Principle, Programs and Achievements / Akihiro Mae / pp. 425-434 --- Institutional Capacity Development for Sustainable Aquaculture and Fisheries: Strategic Partnership with Local Institutions / Renato F. Agbayani and Joebert D. Toledo / pp. 435-448 --- International Cooperation for Higher Education in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science—A European Point of View— / Jean Dhont / pp. 449-460

Description / Table of Contents: Global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients are increasingly affected by human activities. So far, modeling has been central for our understanding of how this will affect ecosystem functioning and the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients. These models have been forced to adopt a reductive approach built on the flow of carbon and nutrients between pools that are difficult or even impossible to verify with empirical evidence. Furthermore, while some of these models include the response in physiology, ecology and biogeography of primary producers to environmental change, the microbial part of the ecosystem is generally poorly represented or lacking altogether. The principal pool of carbon and nutrients in soil is the organic matter. The turnover of this reservoir is governed by microorganisms that act as catalytic converters of environmental conditions into biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients. The dependency of this conversion activity on individual environmental conditions such as pH, moisture and temperature has been frequently studied. On the contrary, only rarely have the microorganisms involved in carrying out the processes been identified, and one of the biggest challenges for advancing our understanding of biogeochemical processes is to identify the microorganisms carrying out a specific set of metabolic processes and how they partition their carbon and nutrient use. We also need to identify the factors governing these activities and if they result in feedback mechanisms that alter the growth, activity and interaction between primary producers and microorganisms. By determining how different groups of microorganisms respond to individual environmental conditions by allocating carbon and nutrients to production of biomass, CO2 and other products, a mechanistic as well as quantitative understanding of formation and decomposition of organic matter, and the production and consumption of greenhouse gases, can be achieved. In this Research Topic, supported by the Swedish research councils' programme "Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in a Changing Landscape" (BECC), we intend to promote this alternative framework to address how cycling of carbon and nutrients will be altered in a changing environment from the first-principle mechanisms that drive them – namely the ecology, physiology and biogeography of microorganisms – and on up to emerging global biogeochemical patterns. This novel and unconventional approach has the potential to generate fresh insights that can open up new horizons and stimulate rapid conceptual development in our basic understanding of the regulating factors for global biogeochemical cycles. The vision for the research topic is to facilitate such progress by bringing together leading scientists as proponents of several disciplines. By bridging Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry, connecting microbial activities at the micro-scale to carbon fluxes at the ecosystem-scale, and linking above- and belowground ecosystem functioning, we can leap forward from the current understanding of the global biogeochemical cycles.

Description / Table of Contents: Part 1 Sperm Attraction, Activation and Acrosome Reaction --- 1 Sperm Chemotaxis: The First Authentication Events Between Conspecific Gametes Prior to Fertilization (Manabu Yoshida) --- 2 Respiratory CO2 Mediates Sperm Chemotaxis in Squids (Noritaka Hirohashi) --- 3 Specific Mechanism of Sperm Storage in Avian Oviducts (Tomohiro Sasanami) --- 4 Allurin: Exploring the Activity of a Frog Sperm Chemoattractant in Mammals (Douglas E. Chandler) --- 5 Structure, Function and Phylogenetic Consideration of Calaxin (Kazuo Inaba) --- 6 Cl- Channels and Transporters in Sperm Physiology (Alberto Darszon) --- 7 Equatorin-related Subcellular and Molecular Events During Sperm Priming for Fertilization in Mice (Kiyotaka Toshimori) --- 8 Acrosome Reaction-mediated Motility Initiation that is Critical for the Internal Fertilization of Urodele Amphibians (Akihiko Watanabe) --- 9 Analysis of the Mechanism that Brings Protein Disulfide Isomerase-P5 to Inhibit Oxidative Refolding of Lysozyme (Miho Miyakawa) --- Part 2 Gametogenesis, Gamete Recognition, Activation, and Evolution --- 10 Effect of Relaxin-like Gonad-Stimulating Substance (GSS) on Gamete Shedding and 1-Methyladenine Production in Starfish Ovaries (Masatoshi Mita) --- 11 Incapacity of 1-Methyladenine Production to Relaxin-like Gonad-Stimulating Substance (GSS) in Ca2+-free Seawater-treated Starfish Ovarian Follicle Cells (Masatoshi Mita) --- 12 Novel Isoform of Vitellogenin Expressed in Eggs is a Binding Partner of the Sperm Proteases, HrProacrosin and HrSermosin, in the Ascidian Halocynthia roretzi (Hitoshi Sawada) --- 13 Actin Cytoskeleton and Fertilization in Starfish Eggs (Luigia Santella) --- 14 Focused Proteomics on Egg Membrane Microdomains to Elucidate the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Fertilization in the African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis (Ken-ichi Sato) --- 15 Egg Activation in Polyspermy: Its Molecular Mechanisms and Evolution in Vertebrates (Yasuhiro Iwao ) --- 16 ATP Imaging in Xenopus laevis Oocyte (Takashi Ijiri) --- 17 Mitochondrial Activation and Nitric Oxide (NO) Release at Fertilization in Echinoderm Eggs (Tatsuma Mohri) --- 18 Functional Roles of Spe Genes in the Male Germline During Reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans (Hitoshi Nishimura) --- 19 Origin of Female/Male Gender as Deduced by the Mating Type Loci of the Colonial Volvocalean Greens (Hisayoshi Nozaki) --- Part 3 Allorecognition in Male–Female Interaction --- 20 Allorecognition and Lysin Systems During Ascidian Fertilization (Hitoshi Sawada) --- 21 Self-incompatibility in the Brassicaceae (Megumi Iwano) --- 22 Signalling Events in Pollen Acceptance or Rejection in the Arabidopsis Species (Daphne R. Goring) --- 23 Papaver rhoeas S-Determinants and the Signaling Networks they Trigger (Vernonica E. Franklin-Tong ) --- 24 S-RNase-based Self-incompatibility in Petunia: A Complex Non-self Recognition System Between Pollen and Pistil (Teh-hui Kao) --- 25 Self-incompatibility System of Ipomoea trifida, a Wild-type Sweet Potato (Tohru Tsuchiya) --- Part 4 Male–Female Interaction and Gamete Fusion --- 26 Profiling the GCS1-based Gamete Fusion Mechanism (Toshiyuki Mori) --- 27 Fertilization Mechanisms of the Rodent Malarial Parasite Plasmodium berghei (Makoto Hirai) --- 28 Sexual Reproduction of a Unicellular Charophycean Alga, Closterium peracerosum-strogosum-littorale Complex (Hiroyuki Sekimoto) --- 29 Fertilization of Brown Algae: Flagellar Function in Phototaxis and Chemotaxis (Taizo Motomura ) --- 30 Gene and Protein Expression Profiles in Rice Gametes and Zygotes: A Cue for Understanding the Mechanisms of Gametic and Early Zygotic Development in Angiosperms (Takashi Okamoto) --- 31 Role of CD9 in Sperm-Egg Fusion and Virus-induced Cell Fusion in Mammals (Kenji Miyado) --- 32 The Mechanism of Sperm-Egg Fusion in Mouse and the Involvement of IZUMO1 (Naokazu Inoue) --- 33 A ZP2 Cleavage Model of Gamete Recognition and the Post-fertilization Block to Polyspermy (Jurrien Dean) --- 34 Involvement of Carbohydrate Residues of the Zona Pellucida in In Vitro Sperm Recognition in Pigs and Cattle (Naoto Yonezawa) --- Part 5 Organella, Proteolysis, and New Techniques --- 35 The Role of Peroxisomes in Plant Reproductive Processes (Shoji Mano) --- 36 Regulation of Vacuole-mediated Programmed Cell Death During Innate Immunity and Reproductive Development in Plants (Tomoko Koyano) --- 37 Sperm Proteasomes as a Putative Egg Coat Lysin in Mammals (Peter Sutovsky) --- 38 Germline Transformation in the Ascidian Ciona intestinalis (Yasunori Sasakura) --- BM Index.  

Description / Table of Contents: Plant sciences research focuses predominantly on aboveground parameters. There is a scarcity of detailed information regarding the ecophysiology of root systems and the way root system functioning is affected by both internal and external factors. Furthermore, global climate change is expected to increase the intensity of climate extremes, such as severe drought, heat waves and periods of heavy rainfall; in addition other stresses such as salinization of soils are increasing world-wide. Recently an increasing awareness has developed that understanding plant traits will play a major role in breeding of future crop plants. For example, there is increasing evidence that the traits of root systems are defined by the properties of individual roots. However, further knowledge on the functional importance of root segments and the molecular/physiological mechanisms underlying root system functioning and persistence is needed, and would specifically allow modifying (crop) root system functionality and efficiency in the future. Another major gap in knowledge is localized at the root-soil interface and in regard to the potential adaptive plasticity of root-rhizosphere interactions under abiotic stress and/or competition. It is currently unknown whether adaptations in microbe communities occur, for example due to modified exudation rates, and what are the subsequent influences on nutrient mobilization and uptake. Furthermore, uncovering the mechanisms by which roots perceive neighboring roots may not only contribute to our understanding of plant developmental strategies, but also has important implications on the study of competitive interactions in natural communities, and in optimizing plant performance and resource use in agricultural and silvicultural systems. In this research topic, we aim to provide an on-line, open-access snapshot of the current state of the art of the field of root ecology and physiology, with special foci on the translation of root structure to function, and how root systems are influenced by interplay with internal and external factors such as abiotic stress, microbes and plant-plant interaction. We warmly welcome original research papers, but reviews of specific topics, articles formulating opinions or describing cutting-edge methods are also gladly accepted.

Description / Table of Contents: Glycostructures play a pivotal and crucial role in a myriad of organisms and important systems in biology, physiology, medicine, bioengineering and technology. Within recent years tools have been developed to promote the understanding of their highly complex functions and the associated chemistry and chemical biology, however, many facts still remain undiscovered. These days the area is experiencing a “quantum jump”. Therefore the Editors in collaboration with six responsible Section Editors completely revised and updated the 1st edition to give up-to-date information on glycostructures, their chemistry and chemical biology, and present them in the form of a comprehensive and strictly systematic survey. The texts are furnished by more than 2500 figures, chemical structures and reaction schemes (including more than 12,000 individual chemical reactions), and more than 9,000 references. In concept and content this Major Reference Work received an essential improvement and expansion. Whereas chapter 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, and 9 are updated, expanded and rearranged versions of the 1st edition, many new subchapters are included in the chapters on monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. The importance of the saccharide metabolism as well as the involvement of complex glycostructures in biologically and medically relevant processes are considered by addition of two large totally newly conceived chapters. Further, another novel chapter featuring key technologies and tools for functional glycobiology is incorporated. Responsible for this major update are the Section Editors who solicited a large number of highly reputed new authors to cover the changes in the content and to write the major supplements.