ALBERT

Note: Contents Preface Introduction The Earth as a global system Basic building blocks Introduction The atmosphere The hydrosphere The cryosphere The geosphere The biosphere Global cycles Introduction The water cycle Bio-geochemical cycles Natural changes Introduction Crucial changes on characteristic time scales The development of civilization and its consequences for the Earth system Signals from a disturbed environment Introduction The changed environment Problems caused by a growing world population The world of tomorrow Introduction Climate models and their limits Living in a greenhouse searching for traces and solutions The sciences being challenged Introduction Guidelines for a program of research into global changes Science and politics take up the challenge: International and national research programs Introduction International efforts Global Change research in Germany Acronyms and Abbreviations Bibliography: Illustrations

Note: CONTENTS Preface Executive summary Introduction Regional divisions Zone A - rock and ice roads Zone B - local ice Zone C - traverse Zone D - ice edge Zone E - remote field site Zone F - inland station Current transportation needs in Antarctica Future transportation needs Transportation analysis Personnel transport Cargo transport Summary of analysis Recommendations for changes to U.S. vehicle fleet Conclusions and summary of findings Literature cited Appendix A: Age distribution of NSF surface vehicles Abstract

Note: Contents Preface Nomenclature Introduction Field surveys Methods and paraphernalia Results Sloping bottom effects and critical angle phenomena Deconvolution and thin layers Well-separated echoes Thin ice layers Thin layers of water Observations Literature cited Abstract

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Velocity problem Heat and mass transfer problem - A single drop Heat and mass transfer - A system of drops Literature cited Appendix A: FORTRAN IV program to calculate final drop temperature, air temperatureand humidity

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Chapter 1. The road and its environment Introduction General physiography Regional climate Surficial and bedrock geology Permafrost and ground ice General biota Vegetation Floristic survey Vegetation mapping Soils and mapping Chapter 2. Roadbed performance and associated investigations Roadbed investigations Roadbed performance Performance of drainage features Performance of sideslopes Conclusions from road, drainage and sideslope performance studies Fuel gas line construction Chapter 3. Distribution and properties of road dust along the northern portion of the Haul Road Introduction Methods Results of wind direction and velocity measurements Dust load and distribution Particle size analyses of dust Chemical composition properties of dust and related samples Soil cation composition Dust impacts on vegetation Discussion and conclusions Chapter 4. Revegetation and restoration investigations Introduction Revegetation approaches Alyeska erosion control and revegetation program Weeds and weedy plants Performance of revegetation Alyeska willow cutting program CRREL restoration experiments Conclusions Revegetation recommendations General report recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: General environmental guidelines applicable to subarctic and arctic road construction Appendix B: University-based studies along the Yukon River-Prudhoe Bay Haul Road Appendix C: CRREL maps of Haul Road showing locations of all study Sites Appendix D: Additional Haul Road cross-sectional profiles Appendix E: Clay mineralogy of road-related materials Appendix F: List of reports in the Joint State/Federal Fish and Wildlife Ad­visory Team series

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction History of snow and ice roads Classification of snow and ice roads Snow pads used by Alyeska during the winter of 1975-1976 The Globe Creek snow pad The Toolik snow pad The gasline snow pad Summary and conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Research setting Objectives Materials, mixture designs, and tests Materials Mixture design tests Brazil test Resilient modulus test Data analysis Marshall tests Asphalt grade Compactive effort Aggregate type Data analysis Brazil tests Indirect tensile strength Tensile strain Vertical deformation Summary of Brazil test results Data analysis-resilIient modulus. Comparison of mixture susceptibility to temperature cracking General asphalt concrete stiffness Thermal cracking. Influence of asphalt cement properties Summary Comparison of mixture susceptibility to traftic-load-associated distress Stress/strain analysis Fatigue damage analysis Rutting analysis Strength correlations Marshall stability and indirect tensile strength Indirect tensile strength and resilient modulus Summary Summary and conclusions Recapitulation of investigations Summary of results Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Asphalt adggregate mixture properties by Marshall method Appendix B: Equations for calculating specimen properties from Brazil tests Appendix C: Calculated displacements, strains and stresses

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Objectives Conclusions Introduction Background Previous cooperative investigations Project rationale and coordination Approach Landsat imagery Interpretation techniques Part I. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping the drainage network, lakes, glaciers and snowfields (Lawrence W. Gatto) Objective Methods Results Conclusions Part II. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping and evaluating geologiclineaments and possible faults (Carolyn J. Merry) Objective Geologic structure Methods Results Conclusions Part Ill. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping surficial materials Section A. Landsat mapping (Harlan L. McKim) Objective Methods Results Section B. Field evaluation (Daniel E. Lawson) Objectives Methods Results Discussion Section C. Conclusions (Daniel E. Lawson and Harlan L. McKim) Literature cited Glossary

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD PREFACE INTRODUCTION SECTION 1: GENERAL PAPERS Case Study of a Grounded Jam; Restigouche River, New Brunswick / by S. Beltaos and B.C. Burrell Water Balance and Geochemistry Studies in a Tundra Watershed, District of Keewatin, Northwest Territories / by G.G. Bursey, T.W.D. Edwards and S.K. Frape River Icing Mounds: a Winter Water Source on the Eastern North Slope of Alaska / by E.F. Chacho, C.M. Collins, A.J. Delaney and S.A. Arcone Geochemical Evolution of Water in a Continental High Boreal Wetland Basin: Preliminary Results / by D. Craig A Physical Model of Ice Overthn.ist during the Break-Up of Intact River-Ice Covers / by M.N. Demuth and T.D. Prowse Seasonal Changes in the Hydrochemistry of Land Drainage: Colour Lake Catchment, Axel Heiberg Island, N.W.T. / by M. English, S. Schiff, M. Ecclestone, W.P. Adams, M. Hinton, L. Pezzutto, R. Elgood, C. Allan and D. Pierson Shape, Length and Flow· Conditions of Conduits at South Cascade Glacier, Washington State, U.S.A. / by A.G. Fountain CO2-Rich Ground Waters of the Flat River Valley, N.W.T. / by S.M. Hamilton, F.A. Michel and C.W. Jefferson Regional Snow Ablation in the Alaskan Arctic / by L.D. Hinzman, D.L. Kane and R.E. Giec Regionalization of Low Flows in Yukon Territory / by J.R. Janowicz Discharge Regimes of a Glacierized Basin, Slims River, Yukon / by P.G. Johnson Pulses in Glacier Discharge: Indicators of the Internal Drainage System of Glaciers / by P.G. Johnson Drainage of an Ice-Dammed Lake, Kaskawulsh Glacier Basin, Yukon / by J.N. Kasper and P.G. Johnson On Areal Distribution. of Snowcover in a Mountainous Area / by A. Killingtveit and K. Sand Hydrogeochemical Aspects of Two Selected Sites in a Fringe Zone of Discontinuous Permafrost / by Y.T.J. Kwong, D. Craig and M. Griffin Ice-Cover Growth and Freeze-Out of Solutes in a Mackenzie Delta Lake / by L.F.W. Lesack, P. Marsh and R.E. Hecky Hydrological Processes in a Small Catchment Containing a Perennial Snowbank, Melville Island, N.W.T. / by A.G. Lewkowicz and K.L. Young On Modelling Surface Meltwater Discharge from Arctic and Alpine Glaciers / by D.S. Munro A High Arctic Occurrence of Seasonal Frost Mounds / by W.H. Pollard Relationships between Snow Chemistry and Blowing Snow: Initial Findings / by J.W. Pomeroy, T.D. Davies and M. Tranter Peatlands of the Lake Melville Coastal Plain, Labrador / by J.S. Price, D.A. Maloney and F.G. Downey Constraints on the Origin of Acidity in Colour Lake, Axel Heiberg Island (79°25'N) / by S. Schiff, M. English, M. Ecclestone, R. Elgood, M. Hinton and L. Pezzutto Longitudinal Dispersion in the Ice-Covered Athabasca River / by G. Van Der Vinne and D. Andres Economic Impact of River Ice Jams in Canada / by G. Van Der Vinne, T.D. Prowse and D. Andres Estimation of Mass-Balance and Run-Off Component of Urumqi Glacier No. I from Water-Balance Analysis / by Z. Yang SECTION 2: MODELLING Interactive Modelling of Cold Regions Watersheds with SSARR / by E.A. Cassell and T. Pangburn Estimates of Evaporation in the Yukon and Northwest Territories / by J. Haas A Basin Water-Storage Model to Forecast Columbia River Discharge / by W. Tangborn Preliminary Findings from Experiments on Frazil and Anchor Ice in a Circular Flume / by G. Tsang and B. Trapp On Computer Simulation of Ice Motion in Rivers / by O.G. Vinogradov, A. Springer and P. Wierzba SECTION 3: OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS Transformation of Heavy Metals under Tidal Flows in the Severnaya Dvina Estuary / by V.F. Brekhovskikh, A.N. Malutin and M.A. Mordasov Northern River: BOD-DO Model / by V.F. Brekhovskikh and G.V. Volpian Water Storage in Alpine Glaciers (Abstract) / by M.M. Brugman Snowmelt Infiltration into Frozen Soil at Sites in the Discontinuous Permafrost Zone Near Mayo, Yukon Territory / by C.R. Bum Use of Periphyton Indices as a Biological Measure of Water Quality in Small Rivers / by E.A. Goncharevich Yukon and Northwest Territories Ground-Water Data Base / by P. Hardisty, V. Schilder, T. Dabrowski and J. Wells Some Aspects of Glacier Hydrology in China / by X. Hu and Z. Yang Modelled Estimates of Changes in the Water Balance of Forested Northern River Basins / by Yu.G. Motovilov and N.A. Nazarov Study of Surface Water Quality in the Northern Region Subject to Pollution / by A.N. Shammasov Response of Riverine and Lacustrine Biocenoses to Human Impact / by N.S. Zolotareva and M.A. Mordasov APPENDIX A: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Note: Zugl.: Stockholm, Univ., Diss., 1991

Note: CONTENTS: Report on the 1995 activities of GRIP Operation Center (GOC). - Objective. - Kangerlussuaq (Søndre Strømfjord). - Preparation of field season. - Start of field season. - Communication. - Medevac. - Acknowledgement. - 1995 Field Season, Diary. - Maintenance / Logistics. - Bulk supplies. - Table of C130 flights. - Table of Twin Otter flights. - List of participants. - GRIP 1995 sub programs. - GRIP summaries 1989-1995. - GOC documentation 1989-1994. - Sitreps. - Daily reports from DOME GRIP. - Map of Northern Greenland. - List of GRIP addresses. - Tasks of GOC.

Note: Text in Englisch und Arabisch

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Metric conversion table Introduction Roughness and friction measurements Level plate ice performance Brash ice performance Ramming icebreaking performance Analysis of the data Propulsion efficiency in ice Regression analysis Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction One-dimensional equations of simultaneous heat and moisture flux Moisture transport Heat transport Phase change Coupling effects Frost heave algorithm Development of computer model Finite difference vs finite element method Finite element formulation Time domain solution Evaluation of the mathematical model Heat flux Moisture flux Numerical dispersion Frost heave of homogeneous laboratory samples Conclusions Recommended studies to refine the model Literature cited Appendix A. Work plan, staffing and instrumentation requirements for correlating results oflaboratory frost susceptibility tests with field performance Appendix B. Proposed investigation of thaw weakening of subgrade soil and granular unboundbase course Appendix C. Derivation of finite element system matrices

Note: Dissertation, Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen, Wageningen, 1991 , 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Fields of interest 1.2 Macroscopic freezing test 1.3 Microscopic model 1.4 Aim of the thesis 1.5 Overview of the thesis 2 THEORY 2.0 Introduction to the chapter 2.1 Theory of different soil analyses 2.1.1 Particle size distribution 2.1.2 Specific surface area 2.1.3 Cation exchange capacity 2.1.4 Zeta potential 2.1.5 Water retention 2.1.6 Hydraulic conductivity 2.1.7 Thermal conductivity 2.2 Determination of soil water content by time-domain reflectometry 2. 2.1 Transmission line theory 2.2.2 Water content 2.2.3 Bulk electrical conductivity 2.3 Transfer of heat and mass 2.3.1 Moisture transport 2.3.2 Heat transport 2.3.3 Solute transport 3 NEW MODELS AND METHODS 3.0 Introduction to the chapter 3.1 A new model for the nonsteady-state probe method to measure thermal properties of porous media 3.1.0 Abstract 3.1.1 Introduction 3.1.2 Present approach 3.1.3 Experimental set-up 3.1.4 The perfect line source model 3.1.5 The modified Jaeger model 3.1.6 Gauss-Newton iteration 3.1.7 Calibration measurements 3.1.8 Conclusions 3.2 A new method to measure bulk electrical conductivity in soil using time-domain reflectometry 3.2.0 Abstract 3.2.1 Introduction 3.2.2 Measurement theory 3.2.3 Materials and methods 3.2.4 Results and discussion 3.2.5 Conclusions 3.3 Application of dispersion theory to time-domain reflectometry in soils 3.3.0 Abstract 3.3.1 Introduction 3.3.2 Dielectric constant as a function of water content 3.3.2.1 Soil as a two phase dielectric medium 3.3.2.2 Unfrozen soils 3.3.2.3 Frozen soils 3.3.3 Bulk electrical conductivity as a function of water content 3.3.4 Materials and methods 3.3.5 Results and discussion 3.3.5.1 Validation of the model for bulk electrical conductivity 3.3.5.2 Comparison with other models 3.3.6 Conclusions 3.3.7 Appendix 3.4 Description of the experiments to measure heat and mass transfer in freezing porous media 3.4.1 Experimental set-up 3.4.2 Used materials 3.4.3 Relations between soil physical and electrochemical properties 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.0 Introduction to the chapter 4.1 Thermal conductivity of unsaturated frozen sands 4. 1.0 Abstract 4.1. 1 Introduction 4.1. 2 Experimental set-up 4.1. 3 Theoretical approach 4. 1.4 Properties of the used sands 4.1.5 Measured heat flows 4.1. 6 Measured thermal conductivities 4.1. 7 Discussion 4.2 Heat transfer 4.2.1 Heat capacity 4.2.2 Thermal conductivity 4.2.2.1 Influence of the temperature dependence of the pore ice versus unfrozen water content 4.2.2.2 Contribution of the apparent thermal conductivity 4.2.2.3 Segregated ice content 4.2.2.4 Presence of the freezing front close to the measuring probe 4.2.3 Latent heat of in situ freezing 4.2.4 Heat balances 4.2.5 Temperature fields 4.2.6 Dynamics of heat flows in frozen porous materials 4.3 Moisture transfer 4.3.1 Segregation potential 4.3.2 Influence of soil physical and electrochemical properties 4.4 Application of time-domain reflectometry to measure solute concentration during soil freezing 4.4.0 Abstract 4.4.1 Introduction 4.4.2 Materials and methods 4.4.3 Results and discussion 4.4.3.1 Influence of temperature 4.4.3.2 Influence of liquid water content 4.4.3.3 Redistribution of solutes 4.4.4 Conclusions 4.5 Influence of added solutes on moisture transfer 5 CONCLUSIONS AND FINAL DISCUSSION 5.1 General discussion 5.2 Recommandations in connection with frost in porous media , Zusammenfassung in niederländischer Sprache

Note: A message to the world .... Antarctica, the last true wilderness, must remain inviolate, free from polution and exploitation, a living laboratory for scientific research and a continent of unsurpassed beauty for the inspiration of mankind.

Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction EM 31 Sounding concepts Previous EMI studies Beaufort Sea field trials EM 31 Conductivity reading versus sea ice thickness General comments Literature cited Abstract

Note: CONTENTS Introduction Literature review Objectives Materials and methods Results Observations Distribution and environmental tolerances Discussion Morphology Distribution Habitat Summary Conclusions Recommendations for future work Literature cited Appendix A Type descriptions of Acanthoecidae collected from the Weddell Sea

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Field measurement and analysis of transient heat flow A closer look at handling the constraints Random change Step change Ramp change Application of theory Literature cited Appendix A. Percentage error from a step input Appendix B. Time constraints of sample walls Appendix C. Percentage error from a ramp input Appendix D. Percentage error from a sinusoidal input Appendix E. Percentage error programs for a Hewlett-Packard HP-25 calculator Appendix F. Experimental determination of time constants Appendix G. Derivation of time constant formula for multiple layers

Note: Contents Abstract Preface lntroduction Experimental Sample preparation Testing procedure Results General features Commercial Ice Notched commercial ice Sanded commercial ice Pure ice Single crystal ice Snow-ice Colloidal alumina-dispersed ice Colloidal silica.dispersed ice NH4F doped ice HF doped ice Discussion Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Description of school Roof problems Snow infiltration leaks Valley leaks Intersection leaks Condensation leaks Tests to verify the cause of condensation leaks Eliminating the condensation leaks Recommendations for eliminating condensation leaks Repairing existing roof An alternative roof cladding The "cold roof" alternative Repairs and modifications Summary and conclusions

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Zero superheat Constant phase change rate Zero sensible heat Finite sensible heat Finite superheat Quasi-steady solution Heat balance integral solution Approximate methods Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface 1. Types of ice accretion a. Frost b. Rime c. Glaze d. Spray ice 2. Conditions governing type of accreted ice a. Meteorological b. Structural 3. Accretion rates a. Fundamentals b. Effect of height c. Geographical distribution 4. Spray icing 5. Structural design factors a. Dead loads b. Wind field in the boundary layer c. Windloads 6. Techniques for minimizing structural icing 7. Data collection needs 8. Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Metric conversion table Introduction Test sites Test procedures and materials Analysis of test data Mobility tests Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction The Environment Ice Growth and Accumulation Natural Ice Transport Accumulation Sites 1. Under-ice accumulation 2. Accumulation on top of the ice Evaluation of Ice Disposal Techniques 1. General 2. Disposal by displacement under the remaining ice sheet 3. Disposal by ejection on top of adjacent ice cover 4. Disposal by slurrying 5. Disposal by rafting Conclusions and Recommendations Literature Cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Methods Site description Oil application Physical characterization Thermal characterization Oil and oily soil characterization Soil microbiological methodology Vegetation Results and discussion Oil movement Effects on permafrost Compositional changes Microbiological responses Oil effects on vegetation Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A Physical and thermal information Appendix B Chemical information Appendix C Microbiological information

Note: CONTENTS: Report on the 1999 activities of NGRIP Operations. - Objective. - Kangerlussuaq (Søndre Strømfjord). - Preparation of the field season. - Start of the field season. - Starting the camp. - Drilling. - Additional Kangerlussuaq equipment. - Luminescence sampling. - Summary. - Acknowledgement. - Summary of drilling experience. - NGRIP penetration rate. - 1999 Field Season, Diary. - Communication. - Schedule for camp close down. - Maintenance/Logistics after the season. - Bulk Supplies. - List of participants. - NGRIP camp load. - Table of LC130 flights. - NGRIP 1999 sub programs. - Kansas Radar. - NGRIP Paleothermometry Experiement. - Automatic weather stations. - Atmospheric dust program. - GLATIS, seismic program. - Test of Italian radar. - AWl Polar 2 radar/magnetic flights. - Sitreps. - Daily reports from NGRIP. - Surface topography near NGRIP. - Surface topography around the NGRIP site, July 1998. - Map of trenches, not updated. - Tower and roof opening of original trench. - Inclined drill pit, 1996. - Map of Greenland. - ERS1 based Topography of North Greenland. - Map of skiway. - Map of ice divide north of Summit. - Map of magnetic declination in Greenland. - Borehole inclination and inclinometer offset. - List of NGRIP addresses.

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction STARMET Test description Test results PLANEWAVE II Test description Test results DATEX II Test description Test results HANDEC II Test description Test results ROCKTEST II Test description Test results Summary and discussion Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Preface Conversion factors Introduction Estimates and field measurements of ice forces on structures General Indirect estimates Direct measurements Small-scale and laboratory studies Instrumentation plan for measuring ice loads on the Yukon River Bridge Load cell development The single reaction beam system Performance of a single reaction beam load cell The double reation beam load cell Reaction beam design Stress in the beam Deflection Axial tensile stress in the reaction beam Measurement techniques Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Finding load magnitude and location with a single reaction beam device Appendix B. Finding load magnitude and location on a double reaction beam device

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction Experimental apparatus Experimental procedures Analysis of forces Experimental results Analysis of data Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction Anisotropy and sea ice macrostructure Anisotropy and sea ice microstructure A theory of anisotropic radar return from sea ice Anisotropic electric flux penetration into brine layers Implications of normal exclusion, tangential penetration, and brine layer geometry for dielectric behavior of sea ice Modeling of electromagnetic reflection from a stratified, anisotropic, inhomogeneous lossy medium Calculation of mixture complex dielectric constants Calculation of interfacial power reflection coefficients Calculation of bulk power reflection coefficients Calculation of attenuated power reflection coefficients Beam spread Results Anisotropic bottom reflections Anisotropic complex dielectric constants Sensitivity of parameters Internal reflection: the bumps Discussion Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Field program Results and discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Data analysis procedures

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Data sources and literature review Canada Alaska Data tabulation Station selection Description of tabulated data Station location and ice measurement site descriptions Review of previous studies on maximum ice in North America Maximum ice thickness maps Date of maximum ice Plotting of the ice decay curves General procedures Categories of water bodies Ice decay at sea ice locations Envelope curves Average curves Snow-ice formation Ice decay at lake ice locations Average curves Regional variations and similarities Ice decay at river ice locations Variations in ice thickness Rapid ice clearance Comparison between Alaskan and Canadian river ice decay curves Incremental extraction of ice decay data for analysis purposes Selection of ice decay intervals Preliminary evaluation of the methodology Further considerations of the methodology Relationships between ice decay and thawing air temperatures Average daily vs maximum daily air temperature 10-day increments vs accumulated values Total years vs year-to-year analysis Evaluation of use of 0°C as a base Final format of the relationship between ice decay and ATDD Evaluation of the final form Possible causes for variations in slope values Decreasing sea ice thickness and thawing air temperatures Factors affecting sea ice decay Relationship between ATDD and sea ice decay Influence of solar radiation and wind on sea ice decay Literature cited Selected bibliography Appendix A. Ice thickness measurements and other related (or associated) observations for stations in Canada and Alaska Appendix B. Maps of least and greatest ice thickness observed at the time of maximum growth, and average date of occurrence Appendix C. Annual ice decay curves for stations in Canada and Alaska

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Literature review Experimental design Climate Results and discussion Nutrient sources Mulches Soil fertility Cost analysis Summary and conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Objectives Climate Site preparation and data collection Instrumentation, measurements and calibration Relocation of measurement site, Fall 1976 Visual observations, ice conditions, and pertinent photography Analysis Air temperature comparisons Degree days of freezing Prediction of ice growth Water and ice temperature Wind Solar radiation Grand Isle ferry operations 1976-77 Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. General observations of ice conditions on Lake Champlain

Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.

Note: Kartenbeilage unter dem Titel: Appendix 4: Geological map of the Suomenniemi complex 〈1: 100000〉 , Zugl.: Helsinki, Univ., Diss., 1991

Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite [255] - 276. - Includes index

Note: Contents: Preface. - New introduction. - I. Introductory. - II. From Hobart to South Victoria Land. - III. Life in South Victoria Land. - IV. Cut off from all the world. - V. The winter in Victoria Land. - VI. Sledge Journey in winter. - VII. Among the penguins. - VIII. Return of the Southern Cross. - IX. Farthest south. - X. Towards civilization. - Appendix I. Appendix II.

Note: Contents: 44. Selaginellaceae / P. J. Stafford. - 45. Oleaceae / W. Punt, J. A. A. Bos and P. P. Hoen. - 46. Geraniaceae / P. J. Stafford and S. Blackmore. - 47. Juglandaceae / J. A. A. Bos and W. Punt. - 48. Cornaceae / P. J. Stafford and G. L. A. Heath. - 49. Globulariaceae / W. Punt and A. Marks. - 50. Buxaceae / W. Punt and A. Marks. - 51. Ranunculaceae / G. C. S. Clarke, W. Punt and P. P. Hoen. - Index.

Note: Contents: PART I - GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH AND THE EARTHLIKE PLANETS. - 1 What Is Geochemistry?. - 1.1 Early History. - 1.2 Geochemistry in the U.S.S.R. - 1.3 V. M. Goldschmidt. - 1.4 Modern Geochemistry. - References. - 2 In the Beginning. - 2.1 The Big Bang. - 2.2 Stellar Evolution. - 2.3 Nucleosynthesis. - 2.4 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 3 The Solar System. - 3.1 Origin of the Solar System. - 3.2 Origin of the Earthlike Planets. - 3.3 Satellites of the Outer Planets. - 3.4 Pictures of Our Solar System. - 3.5 Summary. - 3.6 Books on Planetary Geology. - References. - 4 The Electronic Structure of Atoms. - 4.1 The Atom of Thomson and Rutherford. - 4.2 Bohr's Theory of the Hydrogen Atom. - 4.3 Emission of X-rays - A Small Digression. - 4.4 Schrödinger's Model of the Atom. - 4.5 The Aufbau Principle. - 4.6 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 5 The Periodic Table and Atomic Weights. - 5.1 Mendeleev's Periodic Table. - 5.2 The Modern Periodic Table. - 5.3 Basic Principles of Atomic Physics. - 5.4 Atomic Weights. - 5.5 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 6 Chemical Bonds, Ionic Radii, and Crystals. - 6.1 Electron Donors Versus Acceptors. - 6.2 Measures of Metallic Character. - 6.3 Bonding in Molecules. - 6.4 Ionic Crystals. - 6.5 Ionic Radii. - 6.6 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 7 Ionic Substitution in Crystals. - 7.1 Goldschmidt's Rules of Substitution. - 7.2 Camouflage, Capture, and Admission. - 7.3 Coupled Substitution: Key to the Feldspars. - 7.4 Distribution Coefficients and Geothermometers. - 7.5 Geochemical Classification of the Elements. - 7.6 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 8 Isotopic Geochronometers. - 8.1 Decay Modes. - 8.2 Law of Radioactivity. - 8.3 Methods of Dating. - 8.4 Cosmogenic Radionuclides. - 8.5 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 9 Chemical Differentiation of the Solar System. - 9.1 The Sun. - 9.2 Meteorites. - 9.3 The Moon. - 9.4 Mars. - 9.5 Venus. - 9.6 Comets. - 9.7 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 10 Chemical Differentiation of the Earth. - 10.1 Internal Structure of the Earth. - 10.2 The Continental Crust: Major Elements. - 10.3 The Continental Crust: Trace Elements. - 10.4 Differentiation of Igneous Rocks. - 10.5 Differentiation of Sedimentary Rocks. - 10.6 Differentiation of the Hydrosphere. - 10.7 Summary. - Problems. - References. - PART II - CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND THE STABILITY OF MINERALS. - 11 Acids and Bases. - 11.1 Chemical Reactions and Equilibria. - 11.2 The Law of Mass Action. - 11.3 Dissociation of Weak Acids and Bases. - 11.4 Solubility of Insoluble Bases. - 11.5 pH Control of Dissociation Equilibria. - 11.6 Solubility of Amorphous Silica. - 11.7 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 12 Salts and Their Ions. - 12.1 Solubility of Salts. - 12.2 Hydrolysis. - 12.3 Activities and Concentrations. - 12.4 Solubility of Calcium Carbonate. - 12.5 Chemical Weathering. - 12.6 Transformation of Potassium Feldspar to Kaolinite. - 12.7 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 13 Thermodynamics. - 13.1 Definitions. - 13.2 The First Law. - 13.3 Enthalpy. - 13.4 Heats of Reaction. - 13.5 Heat Capacity. - 13.6 The Second Law. - 13.7 Gibbs Free Energy. - 13.8 Derivation of the Law of Mass Action. - 13.9 Fugacity and Activity. - 13.10 The van't Hoff Equation. - 13.11 Solubility of Amorphous Silica Between 0 and 100 °C. - 13.12 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 14 Mineral Stability Diagrams. - 14.1 Chemical Weathering of Feldspars. - 14.2 Formation of Zeolites. - 14.3 Magnesium Silicates. - 14.4 Solubility Diagrams. - 14.5 Fugacity Diagrams. - 14.6 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 15 Clay Minerals. - 15.1 Crystal Structure. - 15.2 Classification and Chemical Composition. - 15.3 Gibbs Free Energies of Formation. - 15.4 Stability Diagrams. - 15.5 Colloidal Suspensions and Ion Exchange. - 15.6 Dating of Clay Minerals. - 15.7 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 16 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. - 16.1 Balancing Equations of Oxidation- Reduction Reactions. - 16.2 The Electromotive Series. - 16.3 The Emf of Electrochemical Cells. - 16.4 Stability Limits of Water in Terms of Eh and pH. - 16.5 Stability of Iron Compounds. - 16.6 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 17 Isotope Fractionation. - 17.1 Principles of Isotope Fractionation. - 17.2 Mathematical Relations. - 17.3 Isotope Fractionation in the Hydrosphere. - 17.4 Oxygen Isotope Composition of Calcite. - 17.5 Oxygen and Hydrogen in Clay Minerals. - 17.6 Groundwater and Geothermal Brines. - 17.7 Isotope Fractionation of Carbon. - 17.8 Isotope Compositions of Strontium in Carbonate Rocks. - 17.9 Isotope Fractionation of Sulfur. - 17.10 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 18 Mixing and Dilution. - 18.1 Binary Mixtures. - 18.2 Dilution. - 18.3 Evaporative Concentration. - 18.4 Ternary Mixtures. - 18.5 Isotopic Mixtures of One Element. - 18.6 Isotopic Mixtures of Two Elements. - 18.7 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 19 Rates of Geochemical Processes. - 19.1 Rates of Chemical Reactions. - 19.2 Transport of Matter: Advection. - 19.3 Transport of Matter: Diffusion. - 19.4 Growth of Concretions During Diagenesis. - 19.5 Growth of Monomineralic Layers. - 19.6 Summary. - Problems. - References. - PART Ill - APPLICATIONS OF GEOCHEMISTRY TO THE SOLUTION OF GLOBAL PROBLEMS. - 20 Consequences of Chemical Weathering. - 20.1 Changes in Chemical Composition of Rocks. - 20.2 Normative Mineral Composition of Weathering Products. - 20.3 Susceptibility of Minerals to Weathering. - 20.4 Formation of Placer Deposits. - 20.5 Provenance Determination by Isotopic Dating. - 20.6 Formation of Soils. - 20.7 Geomicrobiology. - 20.8 Food Production and Population Growth. - 20.9 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 21 Chemical Composition of Surface Water. - 21.1 Chemical Analysis of Water in Streams. - 21.2 Chemical Composition of Streams. - 21.3 Chemical Composition of Meteoric Precipitation. - 21.4 Normative Minerals from Water Compositions. - 21.5 Evaporative Concentration. - 21.6 Water Quality. - 21.7 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 22 Chemical Weathering of Mineral Deposits. - 22.1 Metallic Mineral Deposits. - 22.2 Oxidation of Iron Sulfides and the Role of Bacteria. - 22.3 Eh- pH Diagram for Copper Minerals. - 22.4 Supergene Enrichment of Fe-Cu Sulfide Deposits. - 22.5 Replacement of Pyrite by Chalcocite. - 22.6 Oxidation of Ore Minerals of Other Metals. - 22.7 Geochemical Exploration. - 22.8 Production and Consumption of Mineral Resources. - 22.9 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 23 Geochemical Cycles. - 23.1 The Principle of Mass Balance. - 23.2 Mass Balance for Major Elements in the Ocean. - 23.3 Mass Balance for Trace Elements in the Ocean. - 23.4 The Cycles of C-H-O-N. - 23.5 The Sulfur Cycle. - 23.6 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 24 Environmental Geochemistry: Disposal of Radioactive Waste. - 24.1 The Big Picture. - 24.2 High-Level Radioactive Waste. - 24.3 Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste. - 24.4 Geochemistry of Plutonium. - 24.5 Eh-pH Diagrams for Neptunium and Plutonium. - 24.6 Analog Studies: The Natural Reactors at Oklo, Gabon. - 24.7 Reactor Accidents: Chernobyl, U.S.S.R. - 24.8 Summary. - Problems. - References. - Appendix. - Standard Gibbs Free Energies (G°f) and Standard Enthalpies of Formation (H°f). - Author Index. - Subject Index.

Note: Contents: Acknowledgements. - lntroduction. - 1 Russian policy in the far North 1897-1917. - Introduction. - Bear Island and Spitsbergen. - The Kara Sea and Novaya Zemlya. - Polar exploration. - Exploitation of the North. - 2 Soviet sovereignty in the Arctic and the advent of flying 1917-32. - Arctic flying and its legal consequences. - Canada's choice between sector theory and effective occupation. - Shenandoah: the United States reject a sectorial division. - No theoretical alternatives to the sector theory. - Norge: the Soviet Union adopts the sector theory. - Trans-Arctic air routes: the sector becomes a 'historical reality'. - 3 The Stalinization of Arctic exploration. - The Krasin affair. - Soviet expeditions after the Krasin. - The Krasin: increasing public attention for the Arctic. - The first communist books about the Arctic. - Vize: the 'founding father' of Arctic history in the Soviet Union. - Vize's first book. - Samoylovich as a historian. - 4 In Stalin's time 1932-53. - The Northern Sea Route as a legitimation for the Soviet sector?. - The Chelyuskin: Stalin discovers the propaganda value of the Arctic. - Consequences for Arctic historiography and shipping. - 1937: the first Soviet air expedition. - Soviet criticism of the sector theory. - The Northern Sea Route in 1937. - 5 Arctic policy during the Cold War. - The Northern Sea Route as a theme. - The Passage as a regular sea route. - The Cold War: the Soviet Union falls back on the sector theory. - The sector, the Antarctic and Russo-American relations. - The revision of the sector theory by the Soviet Union. - The North: the historic waters doctrine. - The historic waters doctrine and the West. - 6 Historiography in the Cold War. - The influence of the historic waters doctrine on historiography. - The Zaliv Simsa findings. - First attempts to develop an early history of Arctic Russia. - The professionalization of Arctic studies. - Belov's early work: Semen Dezhnev. - Belov's first major work: Volume I. - Pinkhenson's Volume II: theoretical framework and implications. - Lenin's influence. - Classics of polar literature. - Literature about high-latitude expeditions. - 7 The age or the nuclear submarine. - The nuclear submarine: the doctrine in practice. - The Soviet reaction. - The doctrine and the Law of the Sea. - Support from Canada. - Alternative theories. - 8 Arctic shipping since 1953. - Destalinization and sea power. - Expansion of Arctic shipping. - Specialization. - 9 The western-section: winter navigation. - Introduction. - The Noril' sk mines. - Soviet attempts. - 10 The season of 1983. - The eastern section. - 'Arktika-1983'. - Shipping used on the eastern section. - 11 Arctic studies since 1953. - Broadening the field. - Archaeological expeditions. - Historical monuments. - The early nineteenth century: a success story. - Volume IV. - General works and new lines of enquiry after Belov. - New topics. - Conclusion. - Appendix. - Glossary. - Bibliography. - Index.

Note: Contents: Abbreviations. - Partial List of Symbols. - 1 THE GOVERNING EQUATIONS. - 1-1 Introduction. - 1-2 Equation of Motion. - 1-3 Continuity Equation. - 1-4. - Equation of State. - 1-5 First Law of Thermodynamics. - 1-6 The Complete System of Equations. - 1-7 Coordinate Systems. - 1-8 Map Projections. - 1-8-1 Polar Stereographic Projection. - 1-8-2 Mercator Projection. - 1-8-3 Lambert Conformal Projection. - 1-8-4 Additional Remarks. - 1-9 Alternate Vertical Coordinates. - 1-9-1 Pressure Vertical Coordinate. - 1-9-2 Isentropic Vertical Coordinate Θ. - 1-10 Some Energy Relations. - 1-10-1 Kinetic Energy. - 1-10-2 Potential Energy. - 1-11 Available Potential Energy. - 1-12 Vorticity and Divergence Equations. - 1-12-1 Divergence Equations. - 2 WAVE MOTION IN THE ATMOSPHERE: PART 1. - 2-1 Introduction. - 2-2 Linearized Equations. - 2-3 Pure Sound Waves. - 2-4 Sound Waves and Internal Gravity Waves. - 2-5 Surface Gravity Waves. - 2-6 Inertial Gravity Waves and Rossby Waves. - 2-7 Response to Initial Conditions. - 2-8 Geostrophic Adiustment. - 3 SCALE ANALYSIS. - 3-1 Introduction. - 3-2 Shallow-Water Equations. - 3-3 Baroclinic Equations. - 3-4 Midlatitude Analysis. - 3-5 Tropics. - 3-6 Planetary Scale. - 3-7 Balance System. - 4 ATMOSPHERIC WAVES: PART. - 4-1 Introduction. - 4-2 Rossby Waves. - 4-3 Conditions for Barotropic Instability. - 4-4 Some Unstable Profiles. - 4-5 Linear Shear. - 4-6 Barotropic Effects in the Atmosphere. - 4-7 Baroclinic Instability. - 4-8 Baroclinic Instability with Linear Shear. - 4-9 Two-Level Model. - 4-10 Wave Structure. - 4-11 Vertical Energy Propagation. - 4-12 Barotropic Equatorial Waves. - 4-13 Vertical Structure of Equatorial Waves. - 5 NUMERICAL METHODS. - 5-1 Introduction. - 5-2 Finite Difference Methods. - 5-3 The Advection Equation. - 5-4 Some Basic Concepts. - 5-5 Stability Analysis. - 5-5-1 The Matrix Method. - 5-5-2 Von Neumann Method. - 5-5-3 The Energy Method. - 5-6 Examples of the Von Neumann Method. - 5-6-1 Euler Scheme. - 5-6-2 Uncentered Differencing, Von Neumann Method. - 5-6-3 Trapezoidal Implicit Scheme. - 5-6-4 Euler Backward Scheme. - 5-6-5 Fourth-Order Space Differencing. - 5-6-6 Oscillation Equation. - 5-6-7 Two-Dimensional Advection Equation. - 5-6-8 External Gravity Waves, Leapfrog Scheme. - 5-6-9 Staggered Grid. - 5-7 Forward-Backward Scheme, Pressure Averaging, and Semi-Implicit Methods. - 5-7-1 Forward-Backward Scheme. - 5-7-2 Pressure Averaging. - 5-7-3 Time Averaging. - 5-7-4 Semi-Implicit Method. - 5-7-5 Lax Wendroff Scheme. - 5-8 A Summary of Some Difference Schemes. - 5-9 Parabolic Equations. - 5-10 Elliptic Equations. - 5-10-1 Relaxation Method. - 5-10-2 Direct Methods. - 5-10-3 Gaussian Elimination. - 5-10-4 Buneman Variant. - 5-10-5 Helmholtz Equation on a Sphere. - 5-10-6 Reduction of a Three-Dimensional Elliptic Equation to Two-Dimensional Equations. - 5-11 Nonlinear Instability and Aliasing. - 5-11-1 Discrete Mesh. - 5-11-2 Primitive Equations Considerations. - 6 GALERKIN METHODS. - 6-1 Introduction. - 6-2 Example with Spectral and Finite Element Methods. - 6-3 Time Dependence. - 6-4 Barotropic Vorticity Equation with Fourier Basis Functions. - 6-5 Transform Method. - 6-6 Spectral Model of Shallow-Water Equations. - 6-7 Advection Equation with Finite Elements. - 6-8 Barotropic Vorticity Equation with Finite Elements. - 7 NUMERICAL PREDICTION MODELS. - 7-1 Filtered Models. - 7-1-1 Quasi-Geostrophic Equivalent Barotropic Model. - 7-1-1-1 Energetics of the Barotropic Model. - 7-1-2 Quasi-Geostrophic Multilevel Baroclinic Model. - 7-1-3 Linear Balanced Model. - 7-1-4 Nonlinear Balanced Model. - 7-2 Primitive Equation Models. - 7-2-1 Constraints from Continuous Equations. - 7-2-2 Vertical Differencing. - 7-3 Staggered Grid Systems. - 7-4 Example of a Staggered Primitive Equation Model. - 7-4-1 Equations in Curvilinear Coordinates. - 7-4-2 Horizontal Differencing. - 7-4-3 Energy Conservation. - 7-5 Potential Enstrophy Conserving Scheme. - 7-5-1 Continuous Integral Constraints. - 7-5-2 Difference Equations. - 7-5-3 Constraints Enforced. - 7-6 Spherical Grids. - 7-7 Fine Mesh Modeling. - 7-7-1 One-Way Influence. - 7-7-2 Boundary Conditions. - 7-7-3 Two-Way Interaction. - 7-7-4 Initialization on a Bounded Region. - 7-8 Baroclinic Spectral Models. - 7-9 Isentropic Coordinate Models. - 7-10 Upper Boundary Conditions. - 7-11 Mountain Effects. - 8 BOUNDARY LAYER REPRESENTATIONS. - 8-1 Introduction. - 8-2 Reynolds Equations. - 8-3 Bulk Formulas. - 8-4 Eddy Viscosity, K-Theory. - 8-5 Combined Prandtl and Ekman Layers. - 8-5-1 Prandtl Layer (Neutral Stratification). - 8-5-2 Ekman Layer. - 8-6 Nonneutral Surface Layer. - 8-6-1 Matching Ekman Spiral. - 8-7 Similarity Solutions for the Entire PBL. - 8-7-1 Deardorff Mixed Layer Model. - 8-7-2 Surface Layer. - 8-7-3 Matching Solutions for the Surface and Mixed Layers. - 8-7-4 Surface Wind Direction. - 8-7-5 Modified Transfer Coefficients. - 8-8 A Prediction Equation for h. - 8-8-1 Further Comments on PBL Parameterization. - 8-9 High-Resolution Model. - 8-9-1 The Coefficient of Eddy Viscosity. - 8-9-2 Surface Temperature. - 8-9-3 Some Prediction Model Details. - 8-10 Mean Turbulent Field Closure Models (Second-Order Closure). - 9 INCLUSION OF MOISTURE. - 9-1 Moisture Conservation Equation. - 9-1-1 Modified Thermodynamic Equation. - 9-1-2 Equivalent Potential Temperature and Static Energy. - 9-2 Convective Adjustment. - 9-2-1 Case A. Dry Convection, q 〈 qs. - 9-2-2 Case B. Moist Adjustment q ≥ qs. - 9-3 Modeling Cloud Processes. - 9-3-1 Nonconvective Condensation. - 9-4 Cumulus Parameterization. - 9-4-1 Introduction. - 9-4-2 Kuo Method. - 9-5 Parameterizations Involving Cloud Models. - 9-6 Arakawa and Schubert Model. - 9-6-1 Large-Scale Budget Equations. - 9-6-2 Cloud Budget Equations. - 10 RADIATION PARAMETERIZATION. - 10-1 Terrestrial Radiation. - 10-2 Absorbing Substances. - 10-3 Simplified Transmission Functions. - 10-4 Discretization, Long-Wave Radiation. - 10-4-1 Clear Sky. - 10-4-2 Cloudy Sky. - 10-5 Solar Radiation. - 10-5-1 Clear Sky. - 10-5-2 Cloudy Sky, One Cloud Layer. - 10-5-3 Two Contiguous Cloud Layers. - 10-5-4 Two Separated Cloud Layers. - 10-6 Miscellany. - 11 OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS AND INITIALIZATION. - 11-1 Introduction. - 11-2 A Three-Dimensional Analysis. - 11-3 Statistical Methods, Multivariate Analysis. - 11-4 Initialization. - 11-4-1 Introduction. - 11-4-2 Damping Techniques. - 11-4-3 Static Initialization. - 11-4-4 Variational Method. - 11-4-5 Normal Mode Expansions. - 11-4-6 Variational Normal Mode Initialization. - 11-5 Dynamic Balancing. - 11-6 Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation. - 11-7 Newtonian Relaxation or "Nudging". - 11-8 Smoothing and Filtering. - 11-8-1 Two-Dimensional Smoothers. - 11-8-2 Bandpass Filters. - 11-8-3 Boundary Effects. - 12 OCEAN DYNAMICS AND MODELING. - 12-1 Introduction. - 12-2 Wind-Driven Barotropic Models. - 12-3 Nonlinear Effects. - 12-4 Barotropic Numerical Models. - 12-5 Simple Thermohaline Models. - 12-6 Baroclinic Numerical Models. - 12-7 Bottom Topography Effects. - 12-8 Synoptic Scale Eddies. - 12-9 Mixed Layer Models. - 12-10 Problems in Ocean Modeling. - 13 WEATHER AND CLIMATE PREDICTION. - 13-1 Introduction. - 13-2 Current Forecasting Skill. - 13-2-1 Short Range. - 13-2-2 Medium and Longer Ranges. - 13-2-3 Additional Comments on Forecasting. - 13-3 Predictability of the Atmosphere. - 13-4 Statistical-Dynamical Prediction. - 13-4-1 Simple Empirical Corrections. - 13-4-2 Stochastic-Dynamical Prediction. - 13-5 Climate and Climate Prediction. - Appendix Mathematical Relations. - References. - Index.

Note: Contents: 1. The Regional Geology of Archaen and Proterozoic Rocks in Antarctica / R. J. Tingey 2. The Late Proterozoic-Middle Palaeozoic Rocks of Antarctica / Malcolm G. Laird 3. The Devonian to Triassic Beacon Supergroup of the Transantarctic Mountains and Other Correlatives in Other Parts of Antarctica / P. J. Barrett 4. Mesozoic Tholeiitic Igneous Rocks in Antarctica: The Ferrar (Super) Group and Related Rocks / R. J. Tingey 5. Geology and Crystallization of the Dufek Intrusion / Arthur B. Ford and Glen R. Himmel 6. Tectonic Development of the Scotia Arc Region / Peter F. Barker, Ian W.D. Dalziel, and Bryan C. Storey 7. The Marie Byrd Land Volcanic Province and Its Relation to the Cainozoic West Antarctic Rift System / Wesley E. LeMasurier and D.C. Rex 8. The Antarctic Continental Shelf: Results From Marine Geological and Geophysical Investigations / John B. Anderson 9. Configuration and Structure of the Subglacial Crust / Charles R. Bentley 10. Cainozoic History of the Antarctic Ice Sheet / George H. Denton, Michael L. Prentice, and Lloyd H. Burckle 11. The Cainozoic Glacial Record in South Victoria Land - A Geological Evaluation of the McMurdo Sound Drilling Projects / B.C. McKelvey 12. Palaeozoic Invertebrates of Antarctica / Roger A. Cooper and John H. Shergold 13. Antarctic Invertebrate Fossils: The Mesozoic-Cainozoic Record / M.R.A. Thompson 14. Antarctica: A History of Terrestrial Vegetation / Elizabeth M. Truswell 15. Fossil Fishes From Antarctica /G.C. Young 16. Mesozoic and Cainozoic Tetrapod Fossils from Antarctica / Edwin H. Colbert 17. Scientific Studies Relevant to the Question of Antarctica's Petroleum Resource Potential / John C. Behrendt 18. Metallic and Non-Metallic Mineral Resources of Antarctica / Peter D. Rowley, Paul L. Williams, and Douglas E. Pride 19. Meteorites from Antarctica / W.A. Cassidy

Note: Contents Preface Acknowledgements Crustal development: the craton Uplift history of the East Antarctic shield: constraints imposed by high-pressure experimental studies of Proterozoic mafic dykes / S.M. KUEHNER & D.H. GREEN The crustal evolution of some East Antarctic granulites / S.L. HARLEY Structural evolution of the Bunger Hills area of East Antarctica / P. DING & P.R. JAMES Structural geology of the early Precambrian gneisses of northern Fold Island, Mawson Coast, East Antarctica / P.R. JAMES, P. DING & L. RANKIN The intrusive Mawson charnockites: evidence for a compressional plate margin selling of the Proterozoic mobile belt of East Antarctica / D.N. YOUNG & D.J. ELLIS A review of the field relations, petrology and geochemistry of the Borgmassivet intrusions in the Grunehogna province, western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica / J.R. KRYNAUW, B.R. WATTERS, D.R. HUNTER & A.H. WILSON Volcanic rocks of the Proterozoic Jutulstraumen Group in western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica / B.R. WATTERS, J.R. KRYNAUW & D.R. HUNTER The timing and nature of faulting and jointing adjacent to the Pencksokket, western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica / G.H. GRANTHAM & D.R. HUNTER The tectonic and metamorphic evolution of H.U. Sverdrupfjella, western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica / A.R. ALLEN Granulites of northern H.U. Sverdrupfjella, western Dronning Maud Land: metamorphic history from garnet-pyroxene assemblages, coronas and hydration reactions / P.B. GROENEWALD & D.R. HUNTER A structural survey of Precambrian rocks, Heimefrontfjella, western Neuschwabenland, with special reference to the basic dykes / W. FIELITZ & G. SPAETH Reflection seismic measurements in western Neuschwabenland / A. HUNGELJNG & F. THYSSEN Geology and metamorphism of the Sør Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica / K. SHIRAISHI, M. ASAMI, H. ISHIZUKA, H. KOJIMA. S. KOJIMA, Y. OSANAI, T. SAKIYAMA, Y. TAKAHASHI, M. YAMAZAKI & S. YOSHIKURA Late Proterozoic paired metamorphic complexes in East Antarctica, with special reference to the tectonic significance of ultramafic rocks / Y. HIROI, K. SHIRAISHI & Y. MOTOYOSHI Petrographic and structural characteristics of a part of the East Antarctic craton, Queen Maud Land, Antarctica / M.K. KAUL, R.K. SINGH, D. SRIVASTAVA, S. JAYARAM & S. MUKERJI Structural and petrological evolution of basement rocks in the Schirmacher Hills, Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica (Extended abstract) / S. SENGUPTA Metamorphic evolution of granulites from the Rauer Group, East Antarctica: evidence for decompression following Proterozoic collision / S.L. HARLEY Fault tectonics and magmatic ages in the Jelly Oasis area, Mac. Robertson Land: a contribution to the Lambert Rift development / J. HOFMANN Major fracture trends near the western margin of East Antarctica / P.D. MARSH Mesozoic magmatism in Greater Antarctica: implications for Precambrian plate tectonics / T.S. BREWER & P.D. CLARKSON Crustal development: the Transantarctic Mountains Sedimentary palaeoenvironments of_the Riphaean Turnpike Bluff Group, Shackleton Range / H.-J. PAECH, K. HAHNE & P. VOGLER Precambrian ancestry of the Asgard Formation (Skelton Group): Rb-Sr age of basement metamorphic rocks in the Dry Valley region, Antarctica / C.J. ADAMS & P.F. WHITLA The Priestley Formation, Terra Nova Bay, and its regional significance / D.N.B. SKINNER The myth of the Nimrod and Beardmore orogenies / E. STUMP, R.J. KORSCH & D.G. EDGERTON Age of the metamorphic basement of the Salamander and Lanterman ranges, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica / C.J. ADAMS & A. HOHNDORF Recovery and recrystallization of quartz and 'crystallinity' of illite in the Bowers and Robertson Bay terranes, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica / W. BUGGISCH & G. KLEINSCHMIDT The boundary of the East Antarctic craton on the Pacific margin / N.W. ROLAND Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica: hybrid geological, aeromagnetic and Landsat-physiographic maps / B.K. LUCCHITTA, J.A. BOWELL, F. TESSENSOHN & J.C. BEHRENDT Setting and significance of the Shackleton Limestone, central Transantarctic Mountains / A.J. ROWELL & M.N. REES Lower-mid-Palaeozoic sedimentation and tectonic patterns on the palaeo-Pacific margin of Antarctica / M.G. LAIRD The pre-Devonian Palaeozoic elastics of the central Transantarctic Mountains: stratigraphy and depositional settings / M.N. REES & A.J. ROWELL The Devonian Pacific margin of Antarctica / M.A. BRADSHAW The palaeo-Pacific margin as seen from East Antarctica / J.W. COLLINSON Permo-Carboniferous glacial sedimentation in the central Transantarctic Mountains and its palaeotectonic implications (Extended abstract) / J.M.G. MILLER & B.J. WAUGH Clay mineralogy and provenance of fine-grained Permian elastics, central Transantarctic Mountains / L.A. KRISSEK & T.C. HORNER Evidence for a low-gradient alluvial fan from the palaeo-Pacific margin in the Upper Permian Buckley Formation, Beardmore Glacier area, Antarctica / J.L. ISBELL Provenance and tectonic implications of sandstones within the Permian Mackellar Formation, Beacon Supergroup of East Antarctica / R.S. FRISCH & M.F. MILLER Crustal development: Weddell Sea-Ross Sea region Evolution of the Gondwana plate boundary in the Weddell Sea area / Y. KRISTOFFERSEN & K. HINZ Petrology and palynology of Weddell Sea glacial sediments: implications for subglacial geology / J.B. ANDERSON, B.A. ANDREWS, L.R. BARTEK & E.M. TRUSWELL A multichannel seismic profile across the Weddell Sea margin of the Antarctic Peninsula: regional tectonic implications / P.F. BARKER & M.J. LONSDALE Verification of crustal sources for satellite elevation magnetic anomalies in West Antarctica and the Weddell Sea and their regional tectonic implications / M.E. GHIDELLA, C.A. RAYMOND & J.L. LABRECQUE Aeromagnetic studies of crustal blocks and basins in West Antarctica: a review / S.W. GARRETT Palaeomagnetic studies of Palaeozoic rocks from the Ellsworth Mountains, West Antarctica / M. FUNAKI. M. YOSHIDA & H. MATSUEDA Seismic reflection profiling of a sediment-filled graben beneath ice stream B, West Antarctica / S.T. ROONEY. D.D. BLANKENSHIP, R.B. ALLEY & C.R. BENTLEY The aeromagnetic survey of northern Victoria Land and the western Ross Sea during GANOVEX IV and a geophysical-geological interpretation / W. BOSUM, D. DAMASKE, J.C. BEHRENDT & R. SALTUS The Ross Sea rift system, Antarctica: structure, evolution and analogues / F. TESSENSOHN & G. WORNER Structural and depositional controls on Cenozoic and (?)Mesozoic strata beneath the western Ross Sea / A.K. COOPER, F.J. DAVEY & J.C. BEHRENDT Crustal extension and origin of sedimentary basins beneath the Ross Sea and Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica / A.K. COOPER, F.J. DAVEY & K. HINZ Chemical characteristics of greywacke and palaeosol of early Oligocene or older sedimentary breccia, Ross Sea DSDP Site 270 / A.B. FORD Extensive volcanism and related tectonism beneath the western Ross Sea continental shelf, Antarctica: interpretation of an aeromagnetic survey / J.C. BEHRENDT, H.J. DUERBAUM, D. DAMASKE, R. SALTUS, W. BOSUM & A.K. COOPER Geochemistry and tectonic implications of lower-crustal granulites included in Cenozoic volcanic rocks of southern Victoria Land / R.l. KALAMARIDES & J.H. BERG Geology, petrology and tectonic implications of crustal xenoliths in Cenozoic volcanic rocks of southern Victoria Land / J.H. BERG Geochemistry and petrology of ultramafic xenoliths of the Erebus volcanic province / F.M. MCGIBBON Lithospheric flexure induced by the load of Ross Archipelago, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica / T.A. STERN, F.J. DAVEY & G. DELISLE The structure and seismic activity of Mount Erebus, Ross Island / K. KAMINUMA & K. SHIBUYA Crustal development: the Pacific margin Mid-Palaeozoic basement in eastern Graham Land and its relation to the Pacific margin of Gondwana / A.J. MILNE & l.L. MILLAR Basement gneisses in north-western Palmer Land: further evidence for pre-Mesozoic rocks in Lesser Antarctica / S.M. HARRISON & B.A. PIERCY Granitoids of the Ford Ranges, Marie Byrd Lan

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis = Contents: Foreword. - Summaries. - Zwei Jahrzehnte Forschungsarbeiten der Geowissenschaftler der DDR auf Expeditionen = Two decades of expeditionary research work of geoscientists of the GDR / H. PESCHEL. - Methodische Aspekte der geologischen Erkundung des Subglazials am Beispiel des Hays-Gletschers = Methodological aspects of the geological investigation of the subglacial demonstrated by example of the Hays Glacier / H. DIETRICH. - Geodätisch-glaziologische Arbeiten in der Ostantarktis (1962 -1978) = Geodetic-glaciological activities carried out in East Antarctica between 1962 and 1978 / S. MEIER. - Geodätisch-glaziologische Wiederholungsmessungen am Hays-Gletscher 1977/78 = Geodetic-glaciological repetition measurements at the Hays Glacier /R. HOYER. - Gravimetrische Messungen und Erdgezeitenuntersuchungen in Antarktika = Gravimetric measurements and studies of earth tides in Antarctica / Cl. ELSTNER ; M. M. SCHNEIDER; H. WIRTH. - Vertikale Erdkrustenbewegungen und Potentialänderungen bei wechselnden Eis-Auflasten = Vertical earth crustal movements and variations in gravity potential related to changing ice load / R. DIETRICH. - Geodätisch-astronomische Arbeiten während der 8. und 17. SAE = Geodetic-astronomical activities during the 8th and 17th SAE / J. LIEBERT. - Zur Geologie der Gebirge in der Umrandung des Filchner-Eisschelfes = Geology of the mountain ranges surrounding the Filchner shelf ice / H. J. PAECH; J. HOFMANN; A. FRISCHBUTTER. - Tektonische Untersuchungen in der Gebirgsumrandung des Lambert-Gletschers, Ostantarktis = Tectonic investigations in the mountain ranges surrounding the Lambert Glacier, East Antarctica / J. HOFMANN. - Meteorologische Prozesse in der antarktischen Atmosphäre = Meteorological processes in the antarctic atmosphere / A. HELBIG. - Wettersatellitenbeobachtungen im Südpolargebiet = Weather satellite Observations in the south-polar region / H. GERNANDT. - Untersuchungen zur terrestrischen Refraktion und der thermischen Struktur der eisnahen Luftschicht in der Kilstenzone des Enderby-Landes/Antarktis (Kurzfassung) = Investigations of the terrestrial refraction and thermal structure of the near-ice air layer in the coastal zone of Enderby Land, Antarctica / G. DITTRICH; A. HELBIG. - Ergebnisse ionosphärischer Beobachtungen in hohen südlichen Breiten als Beitrag zur globalen Untersuchung der Hochatmosphäre = Results of ionospheric observations in high southern latitudes as a contribution to global investigations of the upper atmosphere / H. GERNANDT. - Forschungen mit Umweltnukliden in der Antarktis = Research with environmental nuclides in Antarctica / K. FRÖHLICH; H. SCHÜTZE. - Bioklimatisch-physiologische Untersuchungen einer DDR-Gruppe während der 20. Sowjetischen Antarktisexpedition = Bioklimatic-physiological investigations of a group of GDR-participants during the 20th Soviet Antarctic expedition / L. KLINKER; W. SPANGENBERG. - Untersuchungen zur biologischen Langzeitrhytmik unter besonderer Berücksichtigung cirkaseptaner Variationen = Investigations of the biological long-term rhythmic with particular emphasis on 7-day variations / M. TÖPFER. - Körperliche Belastung und Sauerstoffverbrauch - Untersuchungsergebnisse von der 20. Sowjetischen Antarktisexpedition = Physical stress and Oxygen consumption - results of investigations during the 20th SAE / G. SCHRADER; L. KLINKER. - Umweltuntersuchungen während der 20. Sowjetischen Antarktisexpedition zum Vorkommen von resistenten Clostridienstämmen im Boden und zur Verbreitung von DDT in der Fauna der Antarktis = Environmental investigations during the 20th Soviet Antarctic Expedition (SAE) relating to occurence in the soil of resistent phylla of clostridia and to the distribution of DDT in the antarctic fauna / G. SCHRADER. - Ergebnisse und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der geoelektromagnetischen und technischen Untersuchungen auf Spitzbergen = Results and possibilities for application of geo-electromagnetic and technical investigations at Spitsbergen / V. AUSTER; K. LENGNING. - Tritium- und 14C-Untersuchungen im Rahmen der Antarktisforschung der DDR = Tritium and 14C investigations in the framewerk of GDR research activities in Antarctica /D. HEBERT; K. FRÖHLICH; M. M. SCHNEIDER. - Autorenverzeichnis. , Zusammenfassungen in englischer Sprache