ALBERT

Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig , Beiträge teilweise in Englisch

Note: Introduction.EU energy law and the approach taken in this studyThe regulatory history of EU energy : the evolution of EU energy law from 1957 onwardsThe evolution of the sector-specific regulatory frameworkTreaty law and the energy sectorEnvironment and energy : on a bumpy road towards a clean energy futureThe international dimension of EU energy law and policyFrom state to market and back : the changing role(s) of markets and states in the EUConclusion.European energy law under the impact of globalization : from state to market, from plan to contract, from public ownership to economic regulation and beyond..

Note: Contents: Preface ; 1. Introduction: It is the Only One We Have ; 2. Planet Accounts ; Part I: Short-term Fluctuations and Demand Management ; 3. Earth’s Business Cycle ; 4. Why I = S and What That Means: The Building Blocks of Macroeconomic Analysis ; 5. Investment, the IS Curve, and Product Market Equilibrium ; 6. What About Government? ; 7. Money Matters! The LM Curve and Money Market Equilibrium ; 8. Eartheconomic Demand and Supply ; 9. Puzzling Disagreements ; Part II: Long Run ; 10. Long-Run Growth ; 11. Development and Change , 12. Limits to Growth? ; Part III: Earth Governance and Global Public Goods ; 13. Global Public Goods ; 14. Global Peers: An Agenda ; References ; Index

Note: Groningen, Univ., Diss., 1983 , CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION. - CHAPTER 1. ANALYTICAL AND PREPARATIVE TECHNIQUES. - 1.1. Introduction. - 1.2. Isotope mass spectrometry of H, O and C. - 1.2.1. 2H analysis of H2. - 1.2.2. 18O and 13C analysis of CO2. - 1.3. Preparation of H2 from H2O and organic compounds. - 1.3.1. Combustion and reduction system. - 1.3.1.1. Automated vacuum taps. - 1.3.1.2. Automated cold trap. - 1.3.1.3. Automated combustion. - 1.3.1,4, Membrane pump. - 1.3.2. Performance and results. - 1.3.2.1. H2O samples. - 1.3.2.1. Organic samples. - 1.4. Preparation of CO2 from H2O and organic compounds. - 1.4.1. Introduction. - 1.4.2. Review of the available methods for extracting oxygen. - 1.4.3. Sealed nickel tube pyrolysis. - 1.4.3.1. Principle. - 1.4.3.2. Realization. - 1.4.3.3. Technical details. - 1.4.3.4. Results and calibration. - 1.4.3.5. 18O analysis of some organic pounds 1.4.3.5. δ2H of hydrogen produced by the SNTP method. - 1.5. Preparation of carbon dioxide for 13C analysis. - 1.6. Separation of cellulose from wood and peat. - 1.6.1. Introduction. - 1.6.2. Separation of cellulose from wood. - 1.6.3. Separation of cellulose from peat. - 1.6.4 Nitration and drying of cellulose. - CHAPTER 2. 18O FRACTIONATION BETWEEN CO2 AND H2O. - 2.1. Introduction. - 2.2. 18O analysis of H2O. - 2.3. Equilibration with CO2. - 2.4. Mass spectrometric analyses. - 2.5. Results anddiscussion. - CHAPTER 3. FACTORS AFFECTING THE 2H/1H AND 18O/16O RATIO OF PLANT CELLULOSE. - 3.1. Survey of factors affecting the 2H/1H and 18O/16O ratio. - 3.2. Isotopic composition of precipitation. - 3.3. Leaf-water isotopic enrichment. - 3.3.1. Theoretical. - 3.3.2. Measurement of leaf-water enrichment. - 3.3.2.1. Trees. - 3.3.2.2. Bog plants. - 3.4. Biochemical fractionation. - CHAPTER 4. 2H, 18O AND 13C VARIATIONS IN TREE RINGS. - 4.1. Introduction. - 4.2. Methods and material. - 4.3. Results and discussion. - 4.3.1. Intra-ring variations. - 4.3.1.1. Late wood. - 4.3.1.2. Differences between early wood and late wood. - 4.3.2. Inter-ring variations. - CHAPTER 5. 2H, 18O AND 13C VARIATIONS IN PEAT. - 5.1. Introduction. - 5.2. δ2H, δ18O and δ13C values of bog plants. - 5.2.1. Material and method. - 5.2.2. δ18O and δ2H. - 5.2.3. δ13C 5.3. Engbertsdijksveen I. - 5.3. Introduction. - 5.3.2. Description of the local vegetational succession. - 5.3.3. Cellulose preparation. - 5.3.4. The δ2H and δ18O record. - 5.4. Engbertsdijksveen VII. - 5.4.1. Introduction. - 5.4.2. Description of the local vegetational succession. - 5.4.3. The δ2H and δ18O record. - 5.4.4. The δ13C record. - 5.5. Comparison between Engbertsdijksveen I and VII. - 5.6. Conclusions. - Appendix. - REFERENCES. - SUMMARY. - SAMENVATTING. - ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

Note: Table of Contents: Preface: Radiation Processes in the Atmosphere and Ocean / Robert F. Cahalan. - Acknowledgments. - PLENARY SESSION. - UNION-HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES AND CURRENT TOPICS IN RADIATION PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN / Conveners: R. F. Cahalan, W. Schmutz, B. J. Sohn, and J. Fischer. - 125 years of radiative transfer: Enduring triumphs and persisting misconceptions / Michael I. Mishchenko. - Active remote sensing of cloud microphysics / Hajime Okamoto. - MIPAS: 10 years of spectroscopic measurements for investigating atmospheric composition / Herbert Fischer. - Status of high spectral resolution IR for advancing atmospheric state characterization and climate trend benchmarking: A period of both opportunity realized and squandered / Henry Revercomb, Fred Best, Robert Knuteson, David Tobin, Joe Taylor, and Jon Gero. - Growing up MODIS: Towards a mature aerosol climate data record / Robert C. Levy. - Radiative transfer and regional climate change / Kuo-Nan Liou. - Ocean optics: The next frontier / George W. Kattawar. - PARALLEL SESSIONS. - RADIATIVE TRANSFER THEORY AND MODELING / Conveners: B. Mayer, A. Marshak, and J.-L. Widlowski. - Oral Presentations. - New approach for radiative transfer in sea ice and its application for sea ice satellite remote sensing / E. P. Zege, A. V. Malinka, I. L. Katsev, A. S. Prikhach, and G. Heygster. - The line-by-line and polarized Monte Carlo atmospheric radiative transfer model / B. A. Fomin and V. A. Falaleeva. - Hyperspectral retrieval of surface reflectances: A new scheme / Jean-Claude Thelen and Stephan Havemann. - Accelerations of the discrete ordinate method for nadir viewing geometries / Dmitry Efremenko, Adrian Doicu, Diego Loyola, and Thomas Trautmann. - The simulation of radar and coherent backscattering with the Monte Carlo model MYSTIC / Christian Pause, Robert Buras, Claudia Emde, and Bernhard Mayer. - The visibility of airborne volcanic ash from the flight deck of an aircraft - The effect of clouds in the field of view / Daniel Sauer, Josef Gasteiger, Claudia Emde, Robert Buras, Bernhard Mayer, and Bernadett Weinzierl. - Results of processing airborne NASA and Russian cloud data / Irina Melnikova, Jefwa M. Genya, and Charles K. Gatebe. - 3D radiative processes in satellite measurements of aerosol properties / Tamás Várnai, Alexander Marshak, Weidong Yang, and Guoyong Wen. - Assessment of cloud heterogeneities effects on brightness temperatures simulated with a 3D Monte Carlo code in the thermal infrared / Thomas Fauchez, Céline Cornet, Frédéric Szczap, and Philippe Dubuisson. - Parametric 3D atmospheric reconstruction in highly variable terrain with recycled Monte Carlo paths and an adapted Bayesian inference engine / Ian Langmore, Anthony B. Davis, Guillaume Bal, and Youssef M. Marzouk. - Remote sensing of particle size profiles from cloud sides: Observables and retrievals in a 3D environment / Florian Ewald, Tobias Zinner, and Bernhard Mayer. - Poster Presentations. - Characterization of cloud microphysical parameters using airborne measurements by the research scanning polarimeter / Mikhail D. Alexandrov, Brian Cairns, Michael I. Mishchenko, Andrew S. Ackerman, and Claudia Emde. - Solution of the radiative transfer equation by eliminating the anisotropic part within the method of synthetic iteration / Vladimir P. Budak and Oleg V. Shagalov. - The phase matrix truncation impact on polarized radiance / M. Compiègne, L. C-Labonnote, and P. Dubuisson. - Evaluation of cloud heterogeneity effects on total and polarized visible radiances as measured by POLDER/PARASOL and consequences for retrieved cloud properties / C. Cornet, F. Szczap, L. C.-Labonnote, T. Fauchez, F. Parol, F. Thieuleux, J. Riedi, P. Dubuisson, and N. Ferlay. - Retrieval of volcanic ash and ice cloud physical properties together with gas concentration from IASI measurements using the AVL model / S. Kochenova, M. De Mazière, N. Kumps, S. Vandenbussche, and T. Kerzenmacher. - Use of shadowband correction models for predicting direct solar irradiance / M. C. Kotti, A. A. Argiriou, and A. Kazantzidis. - Simulation of airborne radar observations of precipitating systems at various frequency bands / Valentin Louf, Olivier Pujol, and Jérôme Riedi. - Fast radiative transfer model to simulate spectroscopic measurements of outgoing IR radiances in cloudy conditions / Alexey Rublev and Anatoly Trotsenko. - Intercomparison of three microwave/infrared high resolution line-by-line radiative transfer codes / F. Schreier, S. Gimeno Garcia, M. Milz, A. Kottayil, M. Höpfner, T. von Clarmann, and G. Stiller. - Py4CAtS – Python tools for line-by-line modelling of infrared atmospheric radiative transfer / Franz Schreier and Sebastián Gimeno García. - Theory of weak spectral line formation within a plane-parallel atmosphere bounded from below by a reflecting underlying surface / Oleg I. Smokty. - Analytical spatial-angular structure of polarized radiation fields in a uniform atmospheric slab / Oleg I. Smokty. - The mirror symmetry principle for radiation fields in a vertically non-uniform atmospheric slab / Oleg I. Smokty. - A 3D polarized Monte Carlo LIDAR system simulator for studying effects of cirrus inhomogeneities on CALIOP/CALIPSO measurements / F. Szczap, C. Cornet, A. Alqassem, Y. Gour, L. C.-Labonnote, and O. Jourdan. - The significance analysis of FY-2E split window data for "clear region" AMVs derivation / Zhenhui Wang, Yizhe Zhan, Zhiguo Zhang, and Lu Yang. - PARTICLE RADIATIVE PROPERTIES / Conveners: T. Aoki, P. Di Girolamo, and H. Ishimoto. - Oral Presentations. - Retrieval of aerosol microstructure and radiative properties for moderate turbidity under conditions of Western Siberia / Tatiana B. Zhuravleva, Tatiana V. Bedareva, and Mikhail A. Sviridenkov. - Vertical resolved aerosol characterization during the GAMARF campaign: Aerosol size distribution and radiative properties / José Luis Gómez-Amo, Daniela Meloni, Alcide di Sarra, Tatiana DiIorio, Wolfgang Junkermann, Víctor Estellés, Giandomenico Pace, and Jeroni Lorente. - A novel, broadband spectroscopic method to measure the extinction coefficient of aerosols in the near-ultraviolet / Eoin M. Wilson, Jun Chen, Ravi M. Varma, John C. Wenger, and Dean S. Venables. - Aerosol characteristics at the Alpine site of Innsbruck, Austria / Sigrid Wuttke, Axel Kreuter, and Mario Blumthaler. - Comparison of modeled optical properties of Saharan mineral dust aerosols with SAMUM lidar and photometer observations / Josef Gasteiger and Matthias Wiegner. - A self-consistent high- and low-frequency scattering model for cirrus / Anthony J. Baran, Richard Cotton, Stephan Havemann, Laurent C.-Labonnote, and Franco Marenco. - Does scattered radiation undergo bluing within clouds? / I. Melnikova, T. Simakina, A. Vasilyev, C. Gatebe, and C. Varotsos. - Poster Presentations. - Numerical simulation of spectral albedos of glacier surfaces covered with glacial microbes in Northwestern Greenland / Teruo Aoki, Katsuyuki Kuchiki, Masashi Niwano, Sumito Matoba, Jun Uetake, Kazuhiko Masuda, and Hiroshi Ishimoto. - Development of a quality control algorithm for analysis of SKYNET data and an estimation of the single scattering albedo / Makiko Hashimoto and Teruyuki Nakajima. - Optical modeling of irregularly shaped ice particles in convective cirrus / Hiroshi Ishimoto, Kazuhiko Masuda, Yuzo Mano, Narihiro Orikasa, and Akihiro Uchiyama. - Optimizing the ice crystal scattering database for the GCOM-C/SGLI satellite mission / Husi Letu, Takashi Y. Nakajima, Takashi N. Matsui, and Yoshiaki Matsumae. - Synergetic retrieval of atmospheric aerosol from a combination of lidar and radiometer ground-based observations / Anton Lopatin, Oleg Dubovik, Anatoli Chaikovsky, Philippe Goloub, Didier Tanre, Pavel Litvinov, and Tatiana Lapyonok. - Satellite study over Europe to estimate the single scattering albedo and the aerosol opt

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test arrangements Ice properties Crushing patterns Maximum ice force vs velocity Dynamic aspect ratio effect and crushing strength Measured ice force frequencies Calculated ice force frequencies Accelerations, velocities and displacements Damping Ice-induced negative damping Limit cycles Buckling load Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Description of study Model results The problem Conclusions Literature cited

Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Natural ice sheets Choosing an ice control structure Flexible structures Ice booms Frazil collector lines Fence booms Rigid or semirigid structures Pier-mounted booms Stone groins Artificial islands Removable gravity structures Timber cribs Weirs Pilings and dolphins Structures built for other purposes Hydroelectric dams Wicket dams Light piers and towers Bridge piers Breakwaters Ice control not using Structures Channel improvements Ice sheet tying Ice sheet bridges Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Ice control structure

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Stream bank erosional processes Permafrost and related factors Permafrost and erosion General Erosional processes Bank zone processes Bluff zone processes Factors affecting perm afrost erodibility Exposure to currents and wind waves Texture and stratigraphy Ice content, distribution and type Slope aspect Coriolis force Timing and depth of thaw Water level and temperature Vegetation Ice and snow cover Groundwater Rates and timing of erosion and recession Overall effects of permafrost Recommendations for research Literature cited Appendix A : Processes of stream bank modifications

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Constitutive relationships Equations of motion Uniform flow Nonuniform flow Ice transport: Uniform flow Symmetric channel Asymmetric channel Ice transport: Nonuniform flow Further considerations Basis for model improvement Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Nomenclature Introduction Principal relationships Constitutive equation Failure criteria Secondary creep: Flow equations Creep at constant stress (σ = Const.) Creep model Creep strain (σ = Const.) Creep at constant strain rate (ϵ = Const.) Stress-strain relationship Stress/strain/strain rate at failure Test data Preliminary analysis Constant stress tests (σ = Const.) Constant strain rate tests (ϵ = Const.) The principle of superposition Thermodynamic equation of creep Conclusions Literature cited

Note: Preface Acknowledgments Part I: What Is "the Plebs"? 1. Historical Genesis of the Plebeian Principle 2. Philosophical Genesis of the Plebeian Principle Part II: The Question of the Forms of Political Organization Prologue: On the Dominant Political Configuration of Modernity 3. Sectional Societies and the Sans-Culottes of Paris 4. The London Corresponding Society and the English Jacobins 5. The Paris Commune of 1871 and the Communards Part III: The Nature of the Human Bond Prologue: Social Bond, Political Bond, and Modernity 6. The Sans-Culottes: A Political Bond of Fraternity 7. The English Jacobins: A Political Bond of Plurality 8. The Communards: A Political Bond of Association Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Velocity problem Heat and mass transfer problem - A single drop Heat and mass transfer - A system of drops Literature cited Appendix A: FORTRAN IV program to calculate final drop temperature, air temperatureand humidity

Note: Preface -- Introduction : the facts of economic growth -- The Solow model -- Empirical applications of neoclassical growth models -- The economics of ideas -- The engine of growth -- A simple model of growth and development -- Social infrastructure and long-run economic performance -- Population and the origin of sustained economic growth -- Alternative theories of endogenous growth -- Natural resources and economic growth -- Understanding economic growth -- Appendix A: Mathematical review -- Appendix B: Readings of interest -- Appendix C: Data on economic growth -- Bibliography -- Index..

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Description of test site Test results Method of analysis Results of analysis Change in resilient deflection due to thawing, A Recovery time after onset of thawing, t20 Discussion of results Change in resilient deflection due to thawing, A. Recovery time after thawing, t20 Conclusions Literature cited ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Pavement deflection and frost penetration vs time Data points and regression line for A and t2 0 versus F Data points and regression line for A and t2 0 versus W Data points and regression line for A and t2 0 versus I Data points and regression line for A and t20 versus N Data points and regression line for A and t20 versus D Data points and regression line for t20 versus A Permeability vs void ratio for the Toledo Penn 7 material TABLES Properties of test sections Test results from Scrivner et al Results of regression analysis

Note: The regional implementation of the law of the sea and the polar regions / Alex G. Oude Elferink, Erik J. Molenaar and Donald R. RothwellThe evolving Antarctic treaty system : implications of accommodating developments in the law of the sea / Shirley V. Scott -- The developing regional regime for the marine Arctic / Betsy Baker -- The outer limits of the continental shelf in the polar regions / Alex G. Oude Elferink -- Marine protected areas in the arctic / Suzanne Lalonde -- Marine protected areas in the southern ocean / Karen N. Scott -- Environmental assessments in the marine areas of the polar regions / Robin Warner -- Migratory species conservation in warming polar oceans, with particular reference to -- Seabirds / Arie Trouwborst -- International regulation of polar shipping / Laura Boone -- Antarctic fisheries management / Andrew Serdy -- Arctic fisheries management / Erik J. Molenaar -- Marine mammals in the Antarctic treaty system / Joanna Mossop -- The conservation and utilization of marine mammals in the Arctic region / Nigel Bankes -- Marine scientific research in the Antarctic treaty system / Rene Lefeber -- Marine scientific research in the Arctic / Yoshinobu Takei -- Maritime security in the polar regions / Donald R. Rothwell -- Interactions between global and regional regimes: trends and prospects / Erik J. Molenaar, Donald R. Rothwell and Alex G. Oude Elferink..

Note: section A. Language, ideology and powersection B. Discourse and sociocultural change -- section C. Dialectics of discourse: theoretical developments -- section D. Methodology in CDA research -- section E. Political discourse -- F. Globalisation and 'transition' -- section G. Language and education..

Note: Text dt. und engl.

Note: Table of Contents: Acronyms & Abbreviations. - Foreword. - Technical review by Dr. W. J. Langston. - Executive Summary. - 1. Introduction. - 1.2 Legislative background. - 1.2.1 International. - 1.2.2 Europe. - 1.2.3 Canada and the USA. - 1.3 Marine sediment contamination - background. - 1.4 Dredging processes. - 1.4.1 Environmental impacts of dredging. - 1.4.2 Effectiveness of dredging to improve environmental exposure to contaminants. - 1.4.3 Case studies. - 1.5 Environmental management of marine sediments. - 1.5.1 Environmental management systems. - 1.5.2 ISO 14001. - 1.5.3 Management techniques. - 1.6 Models and indices used in marine sediment analyses. - 1.7 Methodologies for spatial analysis in sediment dynamics and pollution dispersal. - 1.7.1 Uses of GIS in marine environment. - 1.7.2 Examples of GIS analysis methods for pollution management in the marine environment. - 1.7.3 Organising data. - 1.8 data needs and availability. - 1.8.1 Data needs. - 1.8.2 Data availability. - 1.9 Contaminated area database. - 2. Ecological implications of contaminated sediments. - 2.1 Introduction. - 2.2 Antifoul paints as pollutant sources and reservoirs. - 2.2.1 Background. - 2.3 Antifoul as a contaminant - sources. - 2.3.1 Background. - 2.3.2 Leaching. - 2.3.3 Shipyards. - 2.3.4 Recreational craft. - 2.3.5 Paint residue - macro scale. - 2.3.6 Paint residue - micro scale. - 2.3.7 Sediment disturbance. - 2.4 Antifoul as a contaminant - sinks, secondary sources and pathways. - 2.4.1 Background. - 2.4.2 Sediment sinks - legacy. - 2.4.3 Sediment sinks - residence. - 2.5 Biogeochemical pathways. - 2.6 Antifoul and ecological implications. - 2.7 Ecological effects of sediment antifoul. - 2.7.1 Species to community. - 2.7.2 Legacy, ecology and management. - 2.7.3 Port and harbour examples. - 2.8 Conclusions. - 3. Pilot area introduction and description. - 3.1 Elefsina Bay (Elefsis). - 3.2 Piraeus. - 3.2.1 Piraeus and areas to the west. - 3.2.2 Zea & Microlimano. - 3.3 Lavrio. - 3.4 Rafina. - 3.5 Summary. - 4. Sediment data collection methods & sampling. - 4.1 Sampling design. - 4.2 Sediment sampling procedure. - 4.3 Sediment sample pre-treatment. - 4.4 Chemical analysis. - 4.4.1 Total metal content. - 4.4.2 Metal partitioning in geochemical fractions. - 4.5 Data use. - 5. Database Design & Compilation. - 5.1 Data collection. - 5.2 Database structuring & display. - 5.3 Exploring the database. - 5.4 Summary. - 6. Spatial statistical analyses. - 6.1 Environmental quality guidelines for sediments. - 6.2 Interpolation of data. - 6.3 Cluster & Correlation analysis. - 6.4 Elefsina Bay (Elefsis). - 6.4.1 Geostatistical analysis - kriging. - 6.4.2 Cluster & correlation analysis. - 6.5 Piraeus port and marinas. - 6.5.1 Geostatistical analysis - kriging. - 6.5.2 Cluster & correlation analysis. - 6.6 Lavrio. - 6.6.1 Geostatistical analysis. - 6.6.2 Cluster & correlation analysis. - 6.7 Rafina. - 6.7.1 Cluster & correlation analysis. - 6.8 Conclusions. - 7. Discussion and Overview. - 7.1 Overview of study. - 7.2 Contaminated sediments and their environmental impact. - 7.3 Data availability. - 7.3.1 Summary data at global scale. - 7.3.2 Detailed locational data for analysis. - 7.4 Database development. - 7.5 Implications. - 7.6 Practical application. - 7.7 Funding opportunities for further study. - 7.8 Conclusions. - References. - Journals, Books & Conference Proceedings. - Web Sites. - Appendix A. - A Models and indices used in marine sediment analyses. - A1 Multivariate statistics. - A1.1 Principal component analysis. - A1.2 Cluster analysis. - A1.3 Partial Least squares analysis. - A1.4 Multivariate statistics. - A2 Indices. - A2.1 AZTI Marine Biotic Index (AMBI). - A2.2 Benthic Quality Index (BQI). - A2.3 The Benthic Response Index. - A2.4 The Relative Benthic Index. - A2.5 The Index of Biotic (Biological) Integrity. - A3 Pollution dispersion modelling. - Appendix B. - B Cross-Validation statistics for simple Kriging analysis. - Appendix C. - C1 Using ArcGIS Explorer. - C2 Installing ArcGIS Explorer. - C3 Using ArcExplorer Desktop. - Appendix D. - About the authors.

Note: Contents: 1 The Computing Sciences ; 2 The Relational Approach ; 3 Implementation ; 4 Interaction ; 5 Relational Macrostructures and Analyses ; 6 Computing as a Great Scientific Domain ; 7 Conclusion

Note: CONTENTS: Preface / G. C. S. Clarke and W. Punt. - 8. Solanaceae / W. Punt and M. Monna-Brands. - 9. Saxifragaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 10. Boraginaceae / G. C. S. Clarke. - 11. Escalloniaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 12. Grossulariaceae / A.A.M.L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 13. Hydrangeaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 14. Parnassiaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 15. Plantaginaceae / G. C. S. Clarke and M. R.Jones. - 16. Valerianaceae / G. C. S. Clarke and M. R. Jones. - 17. Aceraceae / G. C. S. Clarke and M. R. Jones. - 18. Hippuridaceae / M. S. Engel. - 19. Haloragaceae / M. S. Engel. - 20. Papaveraceae / A. J. Kalis. - Index. - Errata.

Note: Preface; Contents; Chapter 1 Introduction; 1.1 Importance of Water Vapour; 1.1.1 Stratospheric and Mesospheric Water Vapour; 1.1.2 Tropospheric Humidity; 1.1.3 Observations; 1.2 Aim and Structure the Book; References; Part I In Situ Sensors; Chapter 2 Thin Film Capacitive Sensors; 2.1 Introduction: Principle of Operation; 2.2 Radiosondes; 2.2.1 Introduction; 2.2.2 RS80 Radiosonde; 2.2.3 RS90 Radiosonde; 2.2.4 RS92 Radiosonde; 2.2.5 Summary; 2.3 Humidity Monitoring from Aboard Commercial Aircraft: MOZAIC-Program; 2.3.1 Introduction to MOZAIC-Program; 2.3.2 MOZAIC Humidity Device (MHD). , 2.3.3 Pre- and Post-Flight Calibration in Environmental Simulation Chamber2.3.4 Assessment of In-Flight Uncertainties; 2.3.5 In-Flight Comparison of MHD With Other Hygrometer: Time Response and Spatial Resolution; 2.3.6 Performance at High Relative Humidities: Ice Super Saturation; 2.3.7 New Developments: In-Flight Calibration Method; 2.3.8 Summary and Conclusions; References; Chapter 3 Balloon-Borne Frostpoint-Hygrometry; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Fundamental Principle; 3.3 The Optical Detector; 3.4 The Surface Acoustic Wave Detector; 3.5 The Feedback Controller; 3.6 Mirror Temperature Control. , 3.6.1 Peltier Cooler3.6.2 Cryogenic Cooling; 3.7 Airflow; 3.8 Artifacts of Frostpoint Hygrometers; 3.8.1 Controller Tuning; 3.8.2 Air Temperature Variations; 3.8.3 Liquid/Ice Ambiguity; 3.8.4 Cloud Influences; 3.8.5 Radio Frequency Interference; 3.9 Time Response; 3.10 Specific Instrument Implementations; 3.10.1 The Naval Research Laboratory Frostpoint Hygrometer; 3.10.2 NOAA Frostpoint Hygrometer; 3.10.3 CFH; 3.10.4 Snow White; 3.10.5 The LMD-CNRS Frost Point Hygrometers; 3.10.6 Surface Acoustic Wave Hygrometers; 3.10.7 Others; References. , Chapter 4 Application of Fluorescence Methodfor Measurements ofWater Vapourin the Atmosphere4.1 Method Description; 4.2 Fluorescence Lyman- Hygrometers; 4.2.1 The NOAA Fluorescence Lyman-alpha Hygrometers; 4.2.2 The Harvard Fluorescence Lyman-alpha Hygrometers; 4.2.3 The Jülich Fluorescence Lyman-bold0mu mumu Raw Hygrometers (FISH); 4.2.4 The CAO Fluorescence Lyman- Hygrometers (FLASH); 4.3 The FLASH-B Instrument; 4.3.1 Instrumental Layout; 4.3.2 FLASH-B Calibration; 4.3.3 FLASH-B Operational Layout; 4.4 FLASH-B Performance: Comparison with Other Sensors. , 4.5 Water Vapour Observations Using FLASH-B4.6 Summary and Conclusions; References; Part II Remote Sensing Sensors; Chapter 5 Microwave Radiometry; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Spectroscopy and Forward Modeling; 5.3 Technical Aspects; 5.3.1 Receivers; 5.3.2 Optics; 5.3.3 Spectrometers; 5.3.3.1 Filterbanks with Discrete Elements; 5.3.3.2 Acousto Optical Spectrometers, AOS; 5.3.3.3 Chirp Transform Spectrometers, CTS; 5.3.3.4 Digital FFT Spectrometers; 5.3.4 Calibration; 5.3.4.1 Total Power Measurements; 5.3.4.2 Balancing Measurements; 5.3.4.3 Sky as Cold Calibration Target. , 5.3.4.4 Determination of the Opacity from Tipping Curve Measurements.

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Location of study Study methods Ice thickness Ice-cover composition Surface air temperatures Freeze-up and ice-out characteristics Results and discussion Ice-growth record Freezing-degree-day records Ice-growth predictions Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Ice-growth records Appendix B: Measured and computed ice-growth curves

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Metric conversion table Introduction Data base Conversion factor Ground load effects Exposure effects Thermal effects Slope effects Expected value relationship Comparison with existing codes and standards Comparison with relationships proposed in new ANSI standard Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Roof snow load case history reports Appendix B. Roofs in the snow load case study data base Appendix C. Ground and roof snow load data Appendix D. Conversion factors from the 1982 ANSI standard

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Methodology Potential flow around an arbitrary airfoil Incompressible velocity field Droplet trajectory equation Computational procedure for trajectories Determining the point of impact Calculation of collision efficiencies Accreting an ice layer Determining the accuracy of the flow field Determining the accuracy of the trajectories Results and discussion Comparing results with and without the history term Collision efficiency of NACA 0015 airfoil at 8° attack angle Time-dependent accretion on NACA 0015 airfoil at 8° attack angle Time-dependent accretion on NACA 0015 airfoil at 0° attack angle Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A : Sample input Appendix B: Sample output Appendix C : Program listing

Note: Contents of Part 2 Hecht, K. Gerber, R. Otto: Studies on the drying of paints by means of 14C-labelled compounds K. Wagner, F. Brutschin, I. Ritter, T. Gritsch, H. Zimmermann, H. Borchert: Investigations by the aid of radioisotope methods on the technology of the production of carbon and silicon carbide materials K. Gloe, P. Mühl: Determination of metal extraction process parameters using tracer technique W. Migdał, W. Łada, K. Malec-Czechowska: Studies on liquid-liquid extraction of noble metals using radiotracers L. Petryka, K. Przewłocki: Radiotracer investigations of benefication copper ore in the industrial flotation process Z. Bazaniak, J. Palige: Determination of Cu recovery degree from slags in shaft process by means of radiotracers R. Burek, J .K. Zurawicz: On the optimization of concentration measurements in heterogeneous materials based on β-backscatter measurements B. Heinrich: Analysis of carbon content in crude brown coal by inelastic scattering of neutrons and the method of time correlated associated particles P. Urbańaki, D. Wagner, M. Jankowska, E. Kowalska: Determination of calcium and iron and measurements of ash content in the brown coal H.-W. Thümmel: Some considerations relating to the prediction of the efficiency of radiometric methods for the continuous ash content determination of coal L. Wawrzonek: Monitor of ash content of coal with X-ray source I. Pavlicsek, V. Stenger, A. Veres: Apparatus for gamma activation analysis I. Végvári, I. Juhász: Determination of PbO content of lead-glass samples on the ground of gamma-absorption E. Schöntube, H.-J. Große: Aerosol ionization gas analysis as a monitoring for waste halothane in the atmosphere of operating theatre S. Mothes, P. Popp, G. Oppermann, W.-D. Herberg: Measurement of fluorocarbons with the ECD P. Popp, E. Schöntube, G. Oppermann: The usability of radiation ionization detectors for the determination of N2O concentrations in the air of operating theatres P. Popp, G. Arnold, G. Oppermann: A hydrocarbon-sensitized argon ionization detector for the detection of inorganic compounds R. Szepke, W. Lisieski, J. Harasimczuk: Automatic dust monitor AMIZ G. Vormum: Sealed sources - problems of design, measurement and quality control L. Gąsiorowski: New trends in developments of ratioisotope gauges in Poland G. Brunner: Direct chemical information from special radio tracers as well as from outer X-ray excitation J. Hirling: Experience and future trend in industrial application of nuclear methods in Hungary I. N. Ivanov, O. K. Nikolaenko, Yu. V. Phecktistov, V. L. Chulkin: Use of short-lived nuclides in activation analysis Kl.-P. Rudolph, J. Flachowsky, A. Lange: Trace element determination in semiconducter selenium by neutron activation analysis (NAA) W. Lisieski, J. Mirowicz: Some industrial applications of instruments with neutron sources R. Dybczyński, H. Maleszewaka, S. Sterliński, Z. Szopa, M. Wasek: Some problems in neutron activation determination of gold and silver in ores and concentrates of copper industry L. Jankowski: Cost-benefit aspects of radioisotope application in industry B. Manouchev, T. Boschkova, L. Tsankov, V. Gurev, I. Kojucharov, G. Grozev: On the possibilities of the direct gamma-spectremetry in natural waters P. Morgenstern, D. Müller, W. Riedel: A parallel grid proportional scintillation counter for the X-ray region from 3 to 20 keV with regard to high count rates N. A. Anders, V. S. Isaev, V. I. Filatov, B. E. Kolesnikov, D. Müller, P. Morgenstern, W. Riedel, V. P. Varvaritsa: X-ray fluroescence analyzer of light elements with proportional scintillation counter D. Müller, P. Morgenstern, W. Riedel, W. Warwariza, B. E. Kolesnikow, N. A. Anders, W. J. Filatov: General considerations concerning the use of the X-ray analyzer "RALE" in industry

Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Winter 1979-80 observations Winter 1980-81 and summer 1981 observations Winter 1981-82 and summer 1982 observations Old ice ride-up features Discussion Literature cited Appendix A. The boulder rampart and rock littered shore west of Konganevik Pt. Appendix B. Site location maps

Note: Table of content Abstract Zusammenfassung 1. Introduction 1.1. Motivation 1.2. Scientific Background 1.2.1. Permafrost in arctic environments 1.2.2. Carbon storage and emission in arctic environments 1.2.3. Methane cycling in arctic environments 1.3. Study Sites 1.3.1. Lena-Delta, Siberia 1.3.2. El’gygytgyn Crater Lake, Chukotka 1.4. Objectives and approach 1.5. Thesis organization 1.6. Summary of the included manuscripts and contribution of the co-authors 1.6.1. Response of methanogenic archaea to Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate changes in the Siberian Arctic 1.6.2. Response of microbial communities to landscape and climatic changes in a terrestrial permafrost sequence of the El’gygytgyn crater, Far East Russian Arctic 1.6.3. Glacial-interglacial microbial community dynamics in Middle Pleistocene sediments in the Lake El’gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic 2. Response of methanogenic archaea to Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate changes in the Siberian Arctic 2.1. Abstract 2.2. Introduction 2.3. Materials and Methods 2.3.1. Study site 2.3.2. Permafrost drilling and sample preparation 2.3.3. Sediment properties 2.3.4. Potential methane production rates 2.3.5. Lipid biomarker analysis 2.3.6. Detection of archaeol and isoprenoid GDGTs 2.3.7. Detection of PLFAs and PLELs 2.3.8. DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification 2.3.9. Phylogenetic analysis 2.4. Results and Discussion 2.4.1. Methane profile of the Kurungnakh permafrost sequence 2.4.2. Signals of living microbial communities in the Kurungnakh permafrost sequence 2.4.3. Reconstruction of past microbial communities in the Kurungnakh permafrost sequence 2.4.4. Climate impact on the distribution of microbial communities in the Kurungnakh permafrost sequence 2.4.5. Climatic impact on the composition of methanogenic communities in the Kurungnakh permafrost sequence 2.5. Conclusion 2.6. Acknowledgement 3. Response of microbial communities to landscape and climatic changes in a terrestrial permafrost sequence of the El’gygytgyn crater, Far East Russian Arctic 3.1. Abstract 3.2. Introduction 3.3. Materials and Methods 3.3.1.Study site 3.3.2. Drilling and sample material 3.3.3. Sediment properties 3.3.4. Lipid biomarker analysis 3.3.5. Detection of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) and archaeol 3.3.6. Detection of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) 3.3.7. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction and amplification 3.3.8. Quantitative PCR analysis of archaeal and bacterial small sub unit (SSU) rRNA genes 3.3.9. Phylogenetic analysis 3.4. Results 3.4.1. TOC-contents 3.4.2. Distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) and archaeol 3.4.3. Distribution of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) 3.4.4. Composition of archaeol and isoprenoid GDGTs 3.4.5. Quantification of bacterial and archaeal genes 3.4.6. Analysis of methanogenic community fingerprints 3.5. Discussion 3.5.1. Microbial communities in subaquatic deposits 3.5.2. Microbial communities in subaerial deposits 3.5.3. Microbial succession in the Holocene sequence of Lake El’gygytgyn permafrost 3.6.Conclusion 3.7. Acknowledgements 4. Glacial-interglacial microbial community dynamics in Middle Pleistocene sediments in the Lake El’gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic 4.1. Abstract 4.2. Introduction 4.3. Materials and Methods 4.3.1. Study site 4.3.2. Drilling and sample preparation 4.3.3. Sediment properties 4.3.4. Lipid biomarker analyses 4.3.5. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) 4.3.6. PCR amplification of methanogenic SSU rRNA genes 4.4. Results 4.4.1. Sedimentary TOC and biogenic silica concentration 4.4.2. Quantification of bacterial and archaeal genes 4.4.3. Quantification and composition of lipid biomarkers 4.4.4. Potential methane production 4.4.5. Methanogenic community composition 4.5. Discussion 4.6. Acknowledgements 5. Synthesis 5.1. The reaction of microbial communities to past climatic change in the Arctic 5.2.The response of microbial communities to carbon composition and availability 5.3. Implications from this study for future research 6. Data collection 6.1. Manuscript I: Response of methanogenic archaea to Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate changes in the Siberian Arctic 6.1.1. Sediment properties 6.1.2. Isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers and archaeol 6.1.3. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers 6.1.4. Phospholipid ester and ether lipids (summary) 6.2. Manuscript II: Response of microbial communities to landscape and climatic changes in a terrestrial permafrost sequence of the El’gygytgyn crater, Far East Russian Arctic 6.2.1. Sediment properties and gene quantifications 6.2.2. Phospholipid fatty acids composition 6.2.3. Isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers and archaeol 6.2.4. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers 6.3. Manuscript III: Glacial-interglacial microbial community dynamics in Middle Pleistocene sediments in the Lake El’gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic 6.3.1. Sediment properties and gene quantifications 6.3.2. Isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers and archaeol 6.3.3. Branched glycerol dialkylglycerol tetraethers 7. References 8. Final thoughts and acknowledgements 9. Curriculum vitae 10.Erklärung