ALBERT

Note: Contents: PREFACE. - SECTION I. HISTORY OF THE ARCTIC OCEAN IN THE CENOZOIC ERA. - Linear and Areal Morphostructures of the Arctic Ocean Floor / V. D. Dibner. - Fluctuations in Arctic Climate as Revealed by Floor Sediment Analysis / N. A. Belov, N. N. Lapina. - Stratification and Rate of Accumulation of Floor Sediments of the Soviet Arctic Seas / N. N. Kulikov, N. N. Lapina, Yu. P. Semenov, N. A. Belov, M. A. Spiridonov. - Palynologic Study of Kara Sea Floor Sediment Cores / N. N. Kulikov, R. M. Khitrova. - Geologic Structure of the Glacial Shelves of the Atlantic Province of the Arctic Basin / M. A. Spiridonov. - Stratigraphy and Paleogeography of Spitsbergen in the Pleistocene / Yu. A. Lavrushin. - Role of Glaciers in Franz Josef Land Relief Formation / V. L. Sukhodrovskii. - Reconstruction of the Late- and Post-Pleistocene Arctic Basin Ice Sheet / P. M. Borisov. - Changes in the Arctic Basin since the Last Glaciation Maximum / D. P. Chizhov. - SECTION II. ARCTIC FLORA AND FAUNA AND THE HISTORY OF THEIR FORMATION. - Some Problems of Study of the Early Cenophytic Arctic Flora / L. Yu. Budantsev. - Arctic Flora and Its Historical Link with the Arctic Ocean / A. I. Tolmachev, B. A. Yurtsev. - Wide Fluctuations in Ocean Level in the Quaternary period and Their Influence on the Arctic Ocean Basin and its biological community / G. U. Lindberg. - Fresh Data on the Food of the Siberian Woolly Rhinoceros / V. E. Garutt, E. P. Meteltseva, B. A. Tikhomirov. - Characteristics of the Arctic Ocean Fauna and their significance for understanding the History of its formation / E. F. Guryanova. - Formation of macroscopic marine algal flora of the Arctic Basin / A. D. Zinova, Yu. E. Petrov. - The Concept of the Arctic origin of Pinnipeds and other solutions of this problem / K. K. Chapskii. - Ecological Adaptations of Pinnipeds in the Atlantic Province of the Polar Basin / V. A. Potelov, Yu. K. Timoshenko. - A General Review of th PIeistocene Marine Faunas of the Northern Coast of Eurasia / S. L. Troitskii. - History of the Evolution of Marine Mollusk Fauna of the Late Cenozoic Atlantic Arctic / V. S. Zarkhidze. - Late Cenozoic History of Foraminifera of the Pechora Lowland and Northern West Siberia / O. F. Baranovskaya, V. Ya. Slobodin. - Species composition of Modern Foraminifera as an Indication of the Arctic Sea's hydrological regime / S. V. Tamanova. - SECTION Ill. PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE NORTHERN TERRITORIES IN THE LATE CENOZOIC ERA. - Paleogeography of Northern USSR and contiguous areas of the Arctic Basin / G. S. Ganeshin. - North Eurasia in the Late Cenozoic Era / Yu. P. Degtyarenko, V. V. Zhukov, N. G. Zagorskaya, O. A. Ivanov, V. I. Kaiyalainen, Yu. N. Kulakov, A. P. Puminov, V. Ya. Slobodin, O. V. Suzdalskii. - On the History of the Migration of the Arctic Basin Shoreline in the Cenozoic Era / S. A. Strelkov. - Causes of Fluctuations in the Arctic Basin Level in the Neogene-Quaternary Period / J. L. Kuzin. - Spore-Pollen Analysis of Late Cenozoic Marine Sediments in the Reconstruction of the Paleogeography of the Arctic Coasts / N. G. Zagorskaya, F. M. Levina. - Forest Line Migration in North Asia in the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene (Based on Spore-Pollen Analysis) / R. E. Giterman, L. V. Golubeva, E. V. Koreneva, L. A. Skiba. - Holocene Transgressions and Variations in the Northern Coastline of the Kola Peninsula / B. I. Koshechkin, A. L. Kudlaeva. - Interpretation of Radiocarbon Datings of the Absolute Age of Organic Residues from the Upper Anthropogene Deposits of Fennoscandia / V. G. Chuvardinskii. - Structure and Stratigraphic Division of White Sea Bottom Deposits / V. S. Medvedev, E. N. Nevesskii, L. I. Govberg, E. S. Malyasova, R. N. Dzhinoridze, E. A. Kirienko. - Principal Stages in the History of the Vegetation of the Dvina Bay Coast of the White Sea during the Late- and Postglacial Transgression / E. S. Pleshivtseva. - Quaternary Transgressions in the Northern Russian Plain and Their Relationship with Continental Glaciations / E. N. Bylinskii. - Anthropogene Deposit-Forming Environments on Kolguev Island / O. F. Baranovskaya, T. A. Matveeva. - Cenozoic History of the Northern Coast of Europe / V. S. Zarkhidze. - Stages of Formation of the Southern Part of the Arctic Basin in Timan-Pechora Province in the Late Cenozoic Era / O. F. Baranovskaya, P. N. Safronov, G. N. Berdovskaya. - Pliocene-Pleistocene History of the Pechora Basin / V. L. Yakhimovich. - Paleogeography and Origin of Cenozoic Rocks in Soviet Europe as Revealed by Hydrochemical Data / V. D. Bezrodnov. - Study of Paleogeography and Neotectonics of Some Regions of the European Northeast by Coal Petrography / Yu. V. Stepanov. - History of the Formation of Arctic Shelf Foraminifer Fauna (Based on Data on the Timan-Ural Region) / I. N. Semenov. - Evolution of Pleistocene Marine Diatom Flora in the Northeast of Soviet Europe / E. I. Loseva. - Quaternary Deposits of the Middle Pechora and Vychegda River Basins / A. S. Lavrov. - Late Pleistocene Terraces in the Northeast of Soviet Europe and the Environments in which They were Formed / L. M. Potapenko, A. S. Lavrov. - Key Sections of the Lower Pechora and Their Importance for an Understanding of the Last Stages of the Geological Evolution of Northeastern Soviet Europe / V. S. Zarkhidze, I. I. Krasnov, M. A. Spiridonov, Yu. A. Lavrushin, I. I. Ryumina. - Siberian Elements in the Flora of the Far Northeast of Europe and Their Origin / O. V. Rebristaya. - Some Geographical Relationships of Ural Floras and Their Importance for Paleogeography / K. N. lgoshina. - Ostracod Complexes from the Late Cenozoic Marine Deposits of Northern Soviet Europe and West Siberia and Their Importance for Paleogeography / O. M. Lev. - Paleogeography of the Northern West Siberian Lowland and Russian Plain in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene / M. G. Kipiani, A. D. Kolbutov. - Mammals and Landscapes of the Northern Urals in the Late Anthropogene / I. E. Kuzmina. - Pleistocene Transgressions in Northern West Siberia and the Pechora Lowland / I. D. Danilov. - Salient Paleogeographic Features of the Pechora Lowland and Lower Ob Basin in the Neogene Epoch / P. P. Generalov, I. L. Kuzin, I. L. Zaionts, R. B. Krapivner. - Some Problems of the Quaternary Geology of Northern Soviet Europe and West Siberia / A. G. Kostyaev. - Northern West Siberia in the Pliocene and Pleistocene / O. V. Suzdalskii. - Boreal Transgressions and the Origin of Subsurface Sheet Ice Deposits / B. I. Vtyurin. - Dependence of Certain Types of Subsurface Glaciation in West Siberia on the Peculiarities of the Polar Sea / A .I. Popov. - History of Subsurface Freezing in West Siberia in the Light of Transgression of the Arctic Basin / V. V. Baulin. - New Data on the History of the Evolution of the Pre-Kazantseva and Kazantseva Vegetation in the Muzhi Urals and Southern Yamal (Based on Palynological Data) / E. E. Gurtovaya. - New Data on the Distribution of Recent Marine Deposits in West Siberia / I. L. Zaionts, Z. I. Kholodova. - Pleistocene Diatom Floras of the Yenisei North / Z. V. Aleshinskaya. - Some Upper Cenozoic Stratotypes of the Ust-Yenisei Depression / V. Ya. Slobodin. - Transgressions of the Arctic Basin and Evolution of the Yenisei North in the Pleistocene (Absolute Chronology of Events by 14C Dating) / N. V. Kind, L. D. Sulerzhitskii. - Kargin Diatoms from the Key Section of the Lower Yenisei / N. A. Khalfina. - Spread of Late Cenozoic Transgressions of the Arctic Basin in the Northwestern Central Siberian Tableland / V. D. Kryukov, V. V. Rogozhin. - Paleogeography of Northeastern Taimyr in the Quaternary Period (Based on Geological and Palynological Data) / G. N. Berdovskaya, N. A. Gei, V. M. Makeev. - Emergence and Development of Pleistocene Landscapes in the Eastern North Siberian Lowland / V. V. Zhukov, N. A. Pervuninskaya, L. Ya. Pinchuk. - History of Relief Formation in the Eastern North Siberian Lowland and the Adjoi

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Summary Introduction Determining economic thicknesses for insulation Background Analysis method for new construction Analysis method for reinsulating existing construction Sensitivity and longevity of the results Sensitivity Longevity Recommendations Saving money vs. saving energy Energy economics conservation Building energy performance standards Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Heating system costs Appendix B: Present worth factors Appendix C: Base case and incremental thermal properties Appendix D: LCC comparison graphs for wall and roof systems Appendix E: Cost penalties for energy conservatism Appendix F: Graphic aid for figuring energy savings thermal improvements

Note: Contents: Abstract Preface Introduction Vapor flow Temperature profile Crystal growth rates Equilibirum versus kinetic growth forms of snow crystals Discussion Summary Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Scope of work Ice discharge from Lake Huron into St. Clair River Water velocity profiles at Port Huron Ice conditions Physical model Basis for selection Description Instrumentation Model ice control structure Open water calibration Open water tests Experimental procedures and techniques Ice cover calibration Ice control structure orientation Analysis of ice discharge due to ship transits Natural ice Synthetic ice Forces on the ice control structure Static measurements Dynamic force measurements Potential additional shear stresses Anticipated ice conditions with ICS Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Application of model results Appendix B. Suggested additional studies Appendix C. Derivation of ice discharge

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Experimental facility and procedures Ice test basin Ice growth procedure Measurements Ice growth and structure Ice thickness distribution Ice growth during freeze-up Ice growth during warm-up Structure of urea-doped ice Mechanical properties of urea-doped ice Introductory remarks Model of a two-layer elastic material Properties of urea-doped ice during freeze-up Properties of urea-doped ice during warm-up Applications to test program scheduling Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Results of ice thickness measurements for various growth conditions Appendix B: Properties of untempered ice Appendix C: Properties of tempered ice

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Setting Geology and soils Vegetation Climate Air temperature Precipitation Hydrology Annual and monthly runoff Individual storms Baseflow recessions Spatial flow variability Temporal flow variability Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Station histories

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Location of study Study methods Ice thickness Ice-cover composition Surface air temperatures Freeze-up and ice-out characteristics Results and discussion Ice-growth record Freezing-degree-day records Ice-growth predictions Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Ice-growth records Appendix B: Measured and computed ice-growth curves

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Previous work Stress measurements Design considerations Stress sensors Biaxial ice stress sensor Biaxial stress sensor theory Gauge deformation Stresses associated with cylindrical sensors Determination of ice stresses Gauge calibration Evaluation of the biaxial ice stress sensor Temperature sensitivity Biaxial loading test equipment Biaxial loading test results Differential thermal expansion Long-term drift Discussion of test results Conclusions Literature cited

Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Winter 1979-80 observations Winter 1980-81 and summer 1981 observations Winter 1981-82 and summer 1982 observations Old ice ride-up features Discussion Literature cited Appendix A. The boulder rampart and rock littered shore west of Konganevik Pt. Appendix B. Site location maps

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test arrangements Ice properties Crushing patterns Maximum ice force vs velocity Dynamic aspect ratio effect and crushing strength Measured ice force frequencies Calculated ice force frequencies Accelerations, velocities and displacements Damping Ice-induced negative damping Limit cycles Buckling load Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Introduction Profiling system Theoretical considerations Field program Discussion Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Experimental setup and procedure Results and discussion Cylindrical structures Conical structures Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Relationship between flexural strength and in-situ unconfined compressive strength Appendix B: Test data

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Description of study Model results The problem Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Nomenclature Introduction Principal relationships Constitutive equation Failure criteria Secondary creep: Flow equations Creep at constant stress (σ = Const.) Creep model Creep strain (σ = Const.) Creep at constant strain rate (ϵ = Const.) Stress-strain relationship Stress/strain/strain rate at failure Test data Preliminary analysis Constant stress tests (σ = Const.) Constant strain rate tests (ϵ = Const.) The principle of superposition Thermodynamic equation of creep Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Model description and application Results and discussion Wind and current fields Standard simulation Thermodynamic simulation Zero ice strength Zero ice import Zero currents Modified currents Zero winds Dynamics simulation Summary and concluding remarks Literature cite

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Refraction experiments Procedure Equipment Results P waves Low velocity zone SH waves Surface wave experiments Summary and discussion Literature cited Appendix A: P wave refraction data Appendix B: SH wave refraction data. Appendix C: Surface wave dispersion calculations

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Objectives Background Approach Influencing factors Field factors Laboratory Laboratory trafficking tests Force measurement and coefficient of friction Test tire slip Surface friction gauge Test procedure British portable tester Experimental results Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Test pavements Appendix B. Pennsylvania State University field study Appendix C. Rochester Institute of Technology field study

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background Experimental procedures Ice specimens Mechanical test equipment Acoustic emission equipment Data recording Acoustic emission sources in ice Acoustic events and visible fracturing Source mechanisms Tests on ice single crystals General acoustic emission response Analysis of data Transient response Steady-state response Amplitude distribution Combined transient and steady-state response in the time domain Discussion Summary Literature cited

Note: Preface INTRODUCTION History of the Nazca Plate Project George P. Woollard and La Verne D. Kulm DIVERGENT BOUNDARY Tectonics of the Nazca-Pacific divergent plate boundary David K. Rea Structure and evolution of the Easter plate D. W. Handschumacher, R. H. Pilger, Jr., J. A. Foreman, and J. F. Camphell Petrogenesis and secondary alteration of upper layer 2 basalts of the Nazca plate K. F. Scheidegger and J. B. Corliss Temporal variations in secondary minerals from Nazca plate basalts, diabases, and microgabbros Debra S. Slakes and K. F. Scheidegger METALLIFEROUS SEDIMENTS Geochemistry of Nazca plate surface sediments: An evaluation of hydrothermal, biogenic, detrital, and hydrogenous sources Jack Dymond Metalliferous-sediment deposition in time and space: East Pacific Rise and Bauer Basin, northern Nazca plate G. Ross Heath and Jack Dymond Lead isotopic composition of metalliferous sediments from the Nazca plate E. Julius Dasch Sediment accumulation rate patterns on the northwest Nazca plate G. M. McMurtry. H. H. Veeh, and C. Moser Uranium and thorium isotopic investigations in metalliferous sediments of the northwestern Nazca plate H. Herbert Veeh Formation and growth of ferromanganese oxides on the Nazca plate Mitchell Lyle Sediment and associated structure of the northern Nazca plate D. L. Erlandson, D. M. Hussong, and J. F. Campbell Economic appraisal of Nazca plate metalliferous sediments Cvrus W. Field, Dennis G. Wetherell, and E. Julius Dasch CONTINENTAL MARGIN AND TRENCH Tectonics, structure, and sedimentary framework of the Peru-Chile Trench W. J. Schweller, L. D. Kulm, and R. A. Prince Coastal structure of the continental margin, northwest Peru and southwest Ecuador Glenn L. Shepherd and Ralph Moberly Sedimentary basins of the Peru continental margin: Structure, stratigraphy, and Cenozoic tectonics from 6°S to 16°S latitude T. Thornburg and L. D. Kulm Crustal structures of the Peru continental margin and adjacent Nazca plate, 9°S latitude Paul R. Jones III Crustal structure and tectonics of the central Peru continental margin and trench L. D. Kulm, R. A. Prince, W. French, S. Johnson, and A. Masias Late Cenozoic carbonates on the Peru continental margin: Lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and tectonic history La Verne D. Kulm, Hans Schroder, Johanna M. Resig, Todd M. Thornburg, Antonio Masias, and Leonard Johnson Vertical movement and tectonic erosion of the continental wall of the Peru-Chile Trench near 1 l°30'S latitude Donald M. Hussong and Larry K. Wipperman Shallow structures of the Peru Margin 12°S - 18°S S. H. Johnson and G. E. Ness Clay mineralogy of the Peru continental margin and adjacent Nazca plate: Implications for provenance, sea level changes, and continental accretion Victor J. Rosato and La Verne D. Kulm Structures of the Nazca Ridge and continental shelf and slope of southern Peru Richard Couch and Robert M. Whitsett Tectonics of the Nazca plate and the continental margin of western South America, 18° to 23°S William T. Coulbourn Biogeography of benthic foraminifera of the northern Nazca plate and adjacent continental margin Johanna M. Resig Estimation of depth to magnetic source using maximum entropy power spectra, with application to the Peru-Chile Trench Richard J. Blakely and Siamak Hassanzadeh An active spreading center collides with a subduction zone: A geophysical survey of the Chile Margin triple junction E. M. Herron, S. C. Cande, and B. R. Hall Structures of the continental margin of Peru and Chile Richard Couch, Robert Whit sett, Bruce Huehn, and Luis Briceno-Guarupe ANDEAN CONVERGENCE ZONE Volcanic gaps and the consumption of aseismic ridges in South America Amos Nur and Zvi Ben-Avraham Geological and geophysical variations along the western margin of Chile near lat 33° to 36°S and their reaction to Nazca plate subduction Allen Lowrie and Richard Hey Chile Margin near lat 38°S: Evidence for a genetic relationship between continental and marine geologic features or a case of curious coincidences? E. M. Herron Convergence and mineralization — Is there a relation? C. Wayne Burnham Role of subducted continental material in the genesis of calc-alkaline volcanics of the central Andes David E. James Isotopic composition of Pb in Central Andean ore deposits George R. Tilt on, Robert J. Pollak, Alan H. Clark, and Ronald C. R. Robertson Epilogue: Geostill reconsidered Cyrus W. Field and E. Julius Dasch

Note: Kartenbeilage unter dem Titel: Provisional geological map of the barberton greenstone belt and surrounding granitic terrane, Eastern Transvaal and Swaziland 〈1: 250000〉 : drawn by N.A.De N.C. Gomes and R.M. N.C. Gomes /by C.R. Anhaeusser, L.J. Robb and M.J. Viljoen, 1981

Note: Enth.: Introduction -- Pt. 2. Union of South Africa from Olifants River to Mossel Bay. With an appendix on conditions at Saldanha Bay, Cape Town and Simonstown -- Pt. 3. Union of South Africa from Mossel Bay to East London.With an appendix on conditions oat Mossel Bay and Port Elizabeth -- Pt. 4. Union of South Africa from East London to Kosi Bay.With an appendix on conditions at East London and Durban -- Pt. 5. Portuguese East Africa (Mocambique) and Mocambique Channel -- Pt. 5a. Madagascar. With an appendix on conditions at Mayotte, Diégo Suarez, Nossi Bé and Tamatave

Note: CONTENTS: PREFACE. - LIST OF PLATES. - LIST OF FIGURES. - PART I. - GENERAL INTRODUCTION. - I. - Geological objectives and methods of the expedition with a review of former explorations. - Introduction. - The approach to Mongolia. - The Gobi Region. - Prehistoric adventure. - Historic travel and modern exploration. - Earlier studies of special significance. - II. - Boundaries of the Gobie Region. - Introduction. - The Northern Boundary. - Northern boundary - western section. - Northern boundary - central section. - Northern boundary - eastern section. - Summary of the Transbaikal border. - The Eastern Boundary. - Summary of the eastern boundary. - The Southern Boundary. - Southern boundary - eastern section. - Southern boundary - central section. - Southern boundary - western section. - The Western Boundary. - PART II. - ROUTE STUDIES OR ITINERARY. - Introduction. - The task of a geological reconnaisance expedition. - Recording observations. - III. - From Kalgan to Iren Dabasu. - Kalgan to Wan Ch'uan Pass. - The lower pass. - Wan Ch'uan basin and the upper pass. - The Pacific divide to P'ang Kiang. - The granite hills of Chakhar. - The P'ang Kiang hollow. - P'ang Kiang to Iren Dabasu. - The first fossils. - IV. - From Iren Dabasu to Urga. - Iren Dabasu to Camp Jurassic. - The structural relations at Camp Jurassic. - Camp Jurassic to Mount Tuerin. - The granites of Mount Tuerin. - Mount Tuerin to Bolkuk Gol. - The Arctic divide. - Observations in the vicinity of Camp Bolkuk Gol. - Course of the Bolkuk Gol. - Glacial evidence in the Gangin Daba. - Ground ice. - Local culture. - Side traverse toward Urga. - Mineral resources. - V. - From Urga to Tsetsenwan Traverse along the Tola River. - The vicinity of five Antelope Camp. - From the Tola River to Tsetsenwan. - The vicinity of Tsetsenwan. - A side traverse north of Tsetsenwan. - The serpent-form dikes. - Contact effects of the granite margin. - Jurassic structural relations. - A side traverse south of Tsetsenwan. - VI. - From Tsetsenwan to Sain Noin and the Arctic divide. - Wastward from Tsetsenwan. - The vicinity of Camp Canyon Brook. - From Camp Canyon Brook to the Ongin Gol. - Rock-bound hollows. - Continuation of the traverse. - The Ongin Gol. - From the Ongin Gol to Sain Noin. - The vicinity of Sain Noin. - From Rainy Gulch to the Arctic Divide. - A step across the divide. - VII. - From the hot springs of Sain Noin to Mount Uskuk. - Arishan to Gorida. - The Gorida basin. - The old Uliassutai trail. - Old Uliassutai Trail to Mount Uskuk. - The saltpan of Guchu Burt. - Ondai Sair. - VII. - The return journey from Tsagan Nor to Artsa Bogdo. - Choosing a route. - Tsagan Nor to the volcanic cliffs. - Desert hollows. - Volcanic cliffs to Artsa Bogdo. - North Margin of Artsa Bogdo. - Picture writings. - IX. - From Artsa Bogdo to Sair Usu. - Artsa Bogdo to Djadokhta. - The flaming cliffs of Djadokhta. - Djadokhta to Ongin Gol in Sumu. - Ongin Gol in Sumu. - Ongin Gol to Sair Usu. - X. - From Sair Usu to Kalgan. - Palaeozoic strata. - Continuation of traverse to Ardyn Obo. - Sediments of Ardyn Obo. - Ardyn Obo to Shara Murun. - Palaeozoic strata of Jisu Honguer. - Tertiary sediments of Shara Murun. - Shara Murun to Kalgan. - Chinese settlements. - The return to Kalgan. - PART III. - SPECIAL AND LOCALITY STUDIES. - Introduction. - Method of Mapping. - XI. - Eren Dabasu and Irdin Manha. - Introduction. - General aspect and larger relations of the basin. - Origin of the hollow at Iren Dabasu. - General Rock structure. - The Iren Dabasu formation. - Variegated Tertiary beds. - The Houldjin formation. - The Arshanto and Irdin Manha formations. - Shara Murun. - Age and correlation. - XII. - Arishan, the sacred mountain of Sain Noin. - Introduction. - Features of the locality. - Geological formations. - Graywacke series. - The granite. - The Jurassic formation. - Special products. - Structural features. - The spring waters and their origin. - XIII. - Mount Uskuk and the Tsagan Nor Basin. - Principal structural features. - The rock formations. - Rocks of the ancient floor. - The crystalline metamorphics. - The graywacke series. - Bathylithic granite. - Jurassic strata. - Post-Jurassic intrusives. - Rocks of the sedimentary cover. - Cretaceous strata. - Fossil content. - Tertiary strata. - Fossil content. - Former extent of later sediments. - Evidence of the faulted margins. - Evidence of the sedimentary remnants. - Evidence of the basalt remnants. - Evidence of planation. - Erosional history of the south block of Uskuk. - Deformation of the Mount Uskuk region. - The Saltpan of Guchu Burt. - Tsagan Nor. - XIV. - The Gurbun Saikhan Ranges. - The journey. - A desert well. - The return journey. - Geological observations at Artsa Bogdo. - The south.basin. - Approach to the Gurbun Saikhan. - The formations of the Gurbun Saikhan. - Ancient rocks. - Limestones. - Serpentine. - Graywacke-slate series. - Topographic character of the Gurbun Saikhan. - XV. - Artsa Bogdo and Oshih. - The Artsa Bogdo Mountain Block. - The marginal shelf. - History of the shelf. - Rock formations of the mountain. - Ancient meta-crystallines and intrusives. - Folded sediments and associated eruptives. - Later igneous rocks. - Tectonic features. - Traces of former sedimentary cover. - Topographic features. - Stream pattern. - Glaciation. - The Oshih Hollow. - Features of the locality. - The geologic column. - XVI. - Problems and areas deserving special study. - Introduction. - Sedimentary basins and potential fossil fields. - The area of the great pass. - P'ang Kiang. - The paper-shales of mile 299. - The flaming cliffs of Uskuk. - Oshih (Ashile) basin. - Djadokhta. - Ardyn Obo. - Shara Muraci. - Ulan Nor. - The badlands of the Ongin Gol. - Structural and historical problems. - The Camp Jurassic area. - The crystalline upland east of the Ongin Gol. - The transition country of Gangin Daba. - Sair Usu. - Los in Sumu. - Jisu Honguer. - Genral problems. - PART IV. - SUMMARIES AND DISCUSSIONS. - Introduction. - XVII. - Structural elements of the Oldrock floor. - Two major divisions. - Subdivision of the Oldrock floor. - Mesozoic intrusives. - Jurassic sediments. - Paloeozoic strata. - The great Mongolian bathylith. - The Khangai graywacke series. - The ancient crystalline complex. - The Wu T'ai system. - The T'ai Shan complex. - XVIII. - Surface features and their origin. - Basins and mountains. - The basin of Mongolia. - Deserts in general. - The shaping processes. - Major subdivisions of the Mongolian Basin. - Talas of the eastern and southern province. - The western faulted talas. - Mountains. - Fault-block mountains of the Altai type. - Ikhe Bogdo. - Baga Bogdo. - Artsa Bogdo. - Gurbun Saikhan. - The mountains of the eastern province. - Volcanic mountains. - The structure lines of Mongolia. - XIX. - Surface features and their origin (continued). - Plateaus, plains and flatlands. - Introduction - the level lands of the desert. - Agencies which carve the erosion plane. - Erosion by wind. - Rainfall. - Drainage. - Immigrant streams. - Native streams. - Erosive work of running water. - The Piedmont Slope. - The Gobi erosion plane. - Original slopes of the erosion plane. - Deformation of the Gobi surface. - Deposits on the Gobi upland. - Redissection of the Gobi erosion plane. - Summary of the Gobi erosion plane. - Desert Hollows. - The older Peneplanes. - The pre-Cretaceous peneplane. - The Mongolian peneplane. - The Khangai peneplane. - Relations of the Khangai and Mongolian peneplanes . - Relations of the Mongolian peneplane and the Gobi erosion plane. - Relations between the Gobi erosion plane and the lowlands of the P'ang Kiang stage. - Comparison of peneplanes with those of surrounding regions. -

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEN DER VORTRÄGE. - Beiträge der Isotopengeologie zur Aufklärung des kontinentalen Wachstums / K. Wetzel. - Ein quantitatives Modell des Schwefelkreislaufes mit Berücksichtigung der Isotopenverhältnisse / G. Weise, K. Wetzel. - Die Prozesse der Stoffumwandlungen in den Anfangsstadien der Erbildung und die Isotopenzusammensetzung des endogenen Stickstoffs / W. F. Wolynez. - Problema juvenil'nosti v izotopnoj geologii / Ju. A. Borščevskij. - Zur Theorie von Isotopenaustauschgleichgewichten in komplizierten natürlichen Systemen / R. Haberlandt, G. Christoph. - Zur Berechnung und Interpretation natürlicher Isotopenvariationen in Alumosilikaten / G. Christoph. - The use of statistical mechanical perturbation theory for the calculation and interpretation of isotopic fractionation factors / M. Wolfsberg. - Relationship between anomalies in the relative abundance of 18O, 17O, 16O and anomalies in the temperature dependence of isotopic fractionation factors / M. Wolfsberg. - Metod rasčeta izotopnych effektov v prirodnych mineralach po približennoj modeli "Razdel'nych Kolebanin" / S. I. Gol'šev, N. L. Padalko. - Intramolekulare Sauerstoffisotopengeothermometrie an Hydrosilicaten / H. Schütze. - Der 18O-Index. Ein isotopengeochemisches Konzept / H. Schütze. - Matematičeskii analiz frakcionirovanija izotopov ugleroda v živoi kletke / A. A. Ivlev. - Anwendung der modifizierten Zelltheorie zur Berechnung von Zustandseigenschaften dichter isotopensubstituierter Fluide / H.-L. Vörtler, J. Heybey. - Statistisch-mechanische Behandlung der Unterschiede im Adsorptionsverhalten isotopischer Spezies / H. Heybey, H.-L. Vörtler. - Theoretische Untersuchungen zu Adsorptionsisotopieeffekten von Erdgaskomponenten unter erhöhten Drücken / J. Heybey, P. Harting. - Experimentelle Untersuchungen zu speziellen Adsorptionsisotopieeffekten unter geologischen Bedingungen / P. Harting, K. Weingart, H. Heybey. - Die Isotopenzusammensetzung (O, H, C, S, N) des Erdmantels / H. Hoefs. - Neodym- und Strontiumisotope und ihre Anwendung auf TR-Mineralisation / S. B. Brandt, W. S. Lepin, W. N. Solodjankina, T. I. Kolosnizyna. - Zur Veränderung der isotopischen Zusammensetzung des Sauerstoffs von Cherts und Carbonaten im Prozess der Diagenese/Metamorphose / O. Gebhardt, H. Schütze. - The isotopic study of Boron in the process of formation of ore deposits / V. I. Ustinov, V. A. Grinenko, S. M. Aleksandrov, T. R. Ivanova. - Temperaturnyj profil' redkometal'nogo mestoroždenija po izotopno-kislorodnym dannym / Ju. A. Borščevskij, S. N. Gavrikova, N. I. Medvedovskaja, V. Ja. Fedčuk. - Biogennye faktory forminrovanija izotopnogo sostava ugleroda organičeskogo veščestva porod facial'no-genetičeskogo tipa / A. A. Ivlev, R. G. Pankina, M. V. Dachnova. - Izotopnyj sostav ugleroda frakcij nefti i organičeskogo veščestva porod / M. G. Frik, Ė. M. Galimov. - Stable isotope ratios in natural gas components separated by gas chromatography / G. Hut. - C-Isotopenuntersuchungen zur Entwicklung des Altpaläozoikums im Thüringischen Schiefergebirge / K. Hahne, I. Maaß, H. Lützner, J. Ellenberg, F. Falk, E. Grumbt. - Isotopengeochemische, thermobarogeochemische und elementgeochemische Untersuchungen an einer hydrothermalen Fluorit-Mineralisaton aus dem Südteil der DDR / G. Strauch, H. Kämpf, R. Thomas, M. Geisler, G. Haase, G. Stiehl. - Untersuchungen zur Isotopenfraktionierung des Stickstoffs in den Systemen NH4+/NH3 und N3- /N2 / H.-M. Nitzsche, G. Stiehl. - δ15N-Profile in der Bodenzone und ihre zeitlichen Veränderungen / H. Hübner. - Izotopnyj sostav ugleroda karbonatov v mestoroždenijach samorodnoj sery / V. I. Kityk, B. I. Srebrodol'skij. - Untersuchungen zur Fraktionierung der Schwefelisotope bei der chemischen und biochemischen Oxydation von Sulfid zu Sulfat / I. Maaß, J. Heyer, K. Wetzel, G. Weise. - Selective determination of quantitative and isotopic composition of sulphur-minerals associations / V. I. Ustinov, V. A. Grinenko. - Untersuchungen zur CO2-Resorption aus thermoindifferenten Kohledioxidmineralwasserbädern durch die Haut des Menschen / G. Hübner, I. Maaß, C. Epperlein, G. Plötner, H. Jordan. - Frakcionirovanie izotopov ugleroda metanobrazujušimi bakterijami pri ich roste na različnych substratach / M. V. Ivanov, S. S. Beljaev, A. M. Ėjakun, V. A. Boidar', K. S. Laurinavičus, O. V. Šipin. - Izotopnyj sostav ugleroda metana, obrazuemogo mikroorganizmami v prirode / M. V. Ivanov, K. S. Laurinavičus, V. A. Bondar', S. S. Beljaev. - Isotopenhydrologische Untersuchungen - Arbeiten aus dem GSF-Institut für Radiohydrometrie / H. Moser. - Tritium im Niederschlag Antarktikas - Aussagen zur globalen Verteilung / D. Herbert. - Untersuchung der Beziehung der Deuteriumkonzentration zwischen atmosphärischem Wasserdampf und Niederschlägen im Gebiet der Schirmacheroase / Ostantarktis / P. Kowski. - Isotopenhydrologische und hydeochemische Charakterisierung von Seen im Gebiet der Schirmacher-Oase, Ostantarktika / W. Richter, U. Wand, G. Strauch, P. Kowski, W. Kurze. - Isotopenglaziologische Untersuchungen zur Klärung der Herkunft des Inlandeiskörpers südlich der Schirmacheroase / Ostantarktis / W.-D. Hermichen, P. Kowski. - Carbon-13 in atmospheric CO2: 1977-1981 / W. G. Mook, C. D. Keeling. - Anwendung von H2 18O auf ökologische und pflanzenphysiologische Fragestellungen / H. Förstel. - Komplexe Isotopenuntersuchungen an armenischen Mineralwässern / R. Trettin, A. Hiller, E. S. Chalatjan. - Die isotope Zusammensetzung des Kristallwassers von Carnalliten und ihrer Ausgangslösungen / H.-D. Schmiedl, K. Koch, T. Böttger, G. Stiehl, J. Pilot. - Zur hydrologischen Interpretation von Isotopendaten im Zusammenhang mit Stofftransportvorgängen / H. Jordan, D. Hebert, K. Fröhlich, R. Gellermann, R.-P. Schols. - Zwei neue Standards zur massenspektrometrischen Isotopenhäufigkeitsbestimmung von Wasserstoff, Kohlenstoff und Sauerstoff im Bereich natürlicher Häufigkeiten / M. Herrmann, H. Gerstenberger. - Methoden der chemischen Konzentrierung und Identifizierung bei der Suche nach seltenen Radionukliden in der Natur / H. Bruchertseifer. - Die Anwendung der ultraempfindlichen Massenspektrometrie zur Isotopenanalytik / H.-J. Dietze, S. Becker. - Möglichkeiten des Nachweises superschwerer Elemente mit massenspektrometrischen Methoden / S. Becker, H.-J. Dietze. - Isotope analysis on nano-mole gas samples / S. Hałas. - Neue Möglichkeiten zur Freisetzung von Messgasen für die massenspektrometrische Isotopenanalysis aus Feststoffen / G. Müller, D. Hessel, H. Zahn, K. Mühle. - Die Kontrolle der Standardmeßbedingungen bei C-14-Datierungen / J. Görsdorf. - Raspredelenie izotopa 14C v različnych uglerodsoderžaščich materialach i frakcijach paleopočv v svjazi s geologičeskimi uslovijami zachoronečnija / L. A. Orlova, V. A. Panyčev, I. V. Nikolaeva. - Some variations in the isotopic composition of uranogenic and thorogenic lead and their significance for investigations of geochronology and genesis of ore and rocks / B. G. Amov. - Neue Daten für die Beiisotopenverhältnisse in Feldspäten aus dem Kristallinkomplex, den Graniten und Erzen Südbulgariens / B. Amow, V. Arnaudow, Z. Baldjiewa, M. Pawlowa. - 40Ar/39Ar-Altersspektren eines Biotits / G. Kaiser, J. Pilot. - Kalium-Calcium-Isochronen für Sylvinite des sibirischen Tafellandes / W. S. Lepin, T. W. Jegorowa, S. B. Brandt. - Beitrag zur Klärung der Genese west- und mittelerzgebirigischer Granite anhand von SR-87/SR-86-Verhältnissen / H. Gerstenberger, G. Haase. - Zur geochronologisch-genetischen Modellierung von Granitoiden im Westerzgebirge und Vogtland / Th. Kaemmel. - Zur Abschätzung von Altersunterschieden innerhalb des Erzgebirgsplutons auf grund von Isotopenaltern / Th. Kaemmel. - Theoretische Aspekte zur radiogeochronologischen Datierung von Gesteinen und Mineralen / G. Christoph. - Die Verteilung der Strontium-90 und Cäsium-137 im Wasserkörper der Ostsee 1975-1982 / D. Weiß, E. Ettenhub

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 81-October 82. - II. Planned Activities, October 82-October 83. - References.

Note: Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTERNAL CYCLING AND THROUGHPUT : Pathways from River Mouth to Sea Floor Depth Profiles of Sea Salt Composition Constituent Classification The Chemical Composition of Marine Organic Matter Composition of Particulate Matter Caught in Sediment Traps A Simple Model for Biologically Utilized CDnstituents The Distributions of Biointermediate Constituents Estimation of Input Rates Horizontal Segregation of CDnstituents in the Deep Sea Summary CHAPTER 2 THE SEDIMENTARY SINK Factors Influencing the Distribution of Sedimentary Constituents Introduction Sediment Types Distribution of Opal Production Opal Solution on the Sea Floor Distribution of Calcite in Marine Sediments Degree of Calcite Saturation Variation in the Carbonate Ion Content of Sea Water Spacial Variations in the CaC0 3 Saturation of Sea Water Factors Controlling the Rate of Calcite Solution Thickness and Shape of the Sublysocline Transition Zone Variation of Sediment Type with Time Manganese Nodules Summary CHAPTER 3 THE ATMOSPHERIC IMPRINT : The Cycles of Gases within the Sea Introduction Solubilities of Gases in Sea Water The Rate of Gas Exchange Stagnant Film Thickness Derived from Natural Radiocarbon Stagnant Film Thicknesses Determined by the Radon Method Oxygen Concentrations in Surface Ocean Water Oxygen Deficiencies in the Deep Sea The Marine N2O Cycle Excess Helium The Carbon Dioxide Content of Surface Ocean Water Origin of the Equatorial Pacific CO2 Anomaly Summary CHAPTER 4 REACTIVE METALS AND THE GREAT PARTICULATE SWEEP : The Cycle of Metals in the Sea Introduction Products of Uranium and Thorium Decay Thorium Isotopes in the Sea Protactinium-231 to Thorium-230 Activity Ratios The Distribution of Lead-210 The Distribution of Polonium-210 The Distribution of Radium-226 Anthropogenic Plutonium in the Sea Toward a Model of Metal Transport Distributions of Stable Metals in the Sea Stable Isotope Ratios in Reactive Metals Transport of Iron and Manganese in the Sea Lessons from Controlled Ecosystem Studies Distribution Coefficients Summary CHAPTER 5 HOW FAST DOES THE MILL GRIND? : Rates of Vertical Mixing and Sediment Accumulation Introduction Rate of Vertical Mixing Implication to the Distribution of Radium-226 Distribution of Radiocarbon in the Ocean Rate of Continental Runoff Sediment Accumulation Rates Radiocarbon Dating Uranium Series Dating Beryllium Dating Potassium-Argon Dating Agreement Among Dating Methods Comparison of Model and Observed Rates of CaC0 3 Solution Summary CHAPTER 6 WHAT KEEPS THE SYSTEM IN WHACK? : Control Mechanisms Operating in the Sea Introduction Phosphate Controls Silicate Controls Carbon Controls Interactions between the Phosphate and Carbon Controls Nitrate Controls Dissolved Oxygen Controls Major Anion Controls Major Cation Controls Possible Causes for Perturbations Recorders of Paleoocean Chemistry The Marine Geochemistry of Carbon-13 The Uranium Content of Coral Factors Influencing Nutrient Gradients in the Deep Sea Summary CBAPTER 7 FREIGHT TRAINS AND FICKIAN CONFUSION : The Movement of Water Through the Deep Sea Introduction Types of Motion One Dimensional Advection - Diffusion Model Tracers for Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Mixing Rates Based on Radon-222 and Radium-228 The Distribution of Helium-3 in the Deep Pacific Sources of Deep Water Northern Component Water Conservative Properties of NCW Initial Radiocarbon to Carbon Ratio in NCW Feed for NCW Production Southern Component Water Ventilation of the Deep Atlantic Ocean Ventilation of the Deep Pacific and Indian Oceans The Grand Cycle of Radiocarbon in the Deep Ocean Biological Short-Circuiting Temporal Variations in Radiocarbon Production Argon-39 Summary CHAPTER 8 THE ANTHROPOGENIC INVASION : The Movement of Water Through the Oceanic Thermocline Introduction Input Functions Hydrology of the Main Thermocline Tritium Distribution within the Thermocline Temporal Trends in Tritium Tritium as a Guide to Deep Water Formation Supplementary Information from Strontium-90 Bomb Carbon-14 Distribution within the Thermocline Explanations for Low Equatorial Bomb Carbon-14 Inventories Implications of Equatorial Upwelling to the Tritium Budget An Upwelling Rate Based on the Equatorial CO2 Anomaly Helium-3 Distribution in the Main Oceanic Thermocline Purposeful Tracers Summary CHAPTER 9 ICE SHEETS AND OCEAN PHOSPHATE : Glacial to Interglacial Changes in Ocean Chemistry Introduction Temperature and Salinity Changes Formation and Destruction of Organic Materials Changes in CaCO3 Storage Evidence for an Early Post-Glacial Lysocline Change Changes in Phosphate Concentration The Combined Evidence from Deep Sea Cores Cause of the Oceanic Phosphate Change An Alternate Scenario Wrap Up of the CO2 Record The Oxygen Record Glacial to Interglacial Changes in Ocean Mixing Rate Glacial to Interglacial Lysocline Changes Changes in the Distribution of Nutrients in the Deep Sea Summary CHAPTER 10 CAN MAN OVERRIDE THE CONTROLS? : The Buildup of Fossil Fuel CO2 in the Atmosphere and Oceans Introduction CO2 Production in the Past CO2 Production in the Future Capacity of the Sea for Fossil Fuel CO2 Uptake Utilizable Capacity - Simplified Calculation Utilizable Capacity - Rigorous Calculation Kinetics of Fossil Fuel CO2 Uptake by the Sea Numerical Model crosschecks on the Validity of the Numerical Model Prediction of Future CO2 Levels Solution of Sea Floor Calcite Summary REFERENCES, CONSTANTS, DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS AND INDEX Introduction to the References Subject Outline for the References Annotated Reference List Frequently Used Constants Definitions of Isotope Notations Abbreviations Index Foldout Caption

Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Natural ice sheets Choosing an ice control structure Flexible structures Ice booms Frazil collector lines Fence booms Rigid or semirigid structures Pier-mounted booms Stone groins Artificial islands Removable gravity structures Timber cribs Weirs Pilings and dolphins Structures built for other purposes Hydroelectric dams Wicket dams Light piers and towers Bridge piers Breakwaters Ice control not using Structures Channel improvements Ice sheet tying Ice sheet bridges Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Ice control structure

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Stream bank erosional processes Permafrost and related factors Permafrost and erosion General Erosional processes Bank zone processes Bluff zone processes Factors affecting perm afrost erodibility Exposure to currents and wind waves Texture and stratigraphy Ice content, distribution and type Slope aspect Coriolis force Timing and depth of thaw Water level and temperature Vegetation Ice and snow cover Groundwater Rates and timing of erosion and recession Overall effects of permafrost Recommendations for research Literature cited Appendix A : Processes of stream bank modifications

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Constitutive relationships Equations of motion Uniform flow Nonuniform flow Ice transport: Uniform flow Symmetric channel Asymmetric channel Ice transport: Nonuniform flow Further considerations Basis for model improvement Conclusions Literature cited

Note: Contents of Part 1 S. Niese: Reactor neutron activation analysis of industrial materials R.P. Gardner, K. Verghese: Use of Monte Carlo methods in the calibration and design optimization of radiation gauges and analyzers R. Otto, P. Hecht: On labelling with generator nuclides M. Richter: Measurement of residence time distribution with radiotracers using periodic pseudo-random binary signal sequences J. Schoen: A computer code for tracer experiment data analysis H.-H. Deicke, J. Flachowsky, K.-P. Rudolph, N. Beiermann: Transit time measurements in technical plants by using a multichannel analyzer H. Bohne: Measurements of air currents L. Baranyai: Tracer study of simultaneous homogenization and segregation in industrial equipments N. Balabanov, N. Kapitanova: Application of radiotracer method for study of glass furnaces J. Thẏn: Evaluation of mixing particulate solids by radiotracer method H.-G. Koennecke, P. Kulicke, E. Antal, J. Jentzsch, H. Michael: Investigation of the mixing efficiency of kneading machines using radionuclides A.G. Belov, V.E. Zhuchko, Yu.S. Zamyatnin, Yu.G. Teterev, D. Rubio: Development of the nuclear-physical methods of analysis at the laboratory of nuclear reactions of the JINR R. Burek, K. Wojcik: A new concept for measuring of free moisture in solid materials N. Bachvarov, I. Georgiev, E. Manolov, P. Pavlov, H. Shukov, K. Tropolov: Process control system for fresh concrete preparation H. Baumbach: Investigation of moisture migration in the concrete of a special test construction under simulated load conditions A. Petrov, A. Sreno, H. Hristov, P. Penev, G. Georgiev: Beta-ray backscatter instruments for coating thickness measurements in electronic and electrotechnical industry W. Stuchlik, H. Kupsch: Radioactive level indicator for bulk materials in containers with calculation of the residual volume H. Baumbach, K. Fichtler, R. Melzer, D. Tietze, H. Ullrich: The determination of density variation in radiation protective walls of concrete by means of Bremsstrahlung of 1o MeV from linear accelerator D. Avramov: Modernized versions of mobile NDT laboratories V. Friedrich: Examples for radioisotope application in environment protection St. Szpilowski: Prediction of mixing length for transport of effluent in rivers A. Owczarczyk: The localization of the leakages through the dams and bottoms of large water reservoires W. Listwan: Progress in leak detection methods for underground pipelines and tanks J. Starẏ, A. Zeman, B. Havlik: Radionuclides in the investigation of the cumulation of toxic elements on alga and fish W. Richter, D. Kahl, H.-J. Grosse, F. Gleisberg: The use of an AIG-analyzer for the investigation of SO2-dispersion problems R. Goeldner, H.-J. Grosse, F. Gleisberg: Possibilities of the development of improved smoke detectors J. Adler, H.-R. Doering, H.-J. Grosse, F. Gleisberg: The use of the AIG in microelectronics P. Popp, R. Fahnert, S. Mothes, G. Oppermann: Methods for the determination of toxic compounds at work places H.-R. Doering. H.-J. Grosse: The detection of halocarbons by means of the aerosol ionization gas analyzer (AIG) E, Jaworska, I. Kaluska, G. Strzelczak: Crosslinking and free radical decay reactions in irradiated polyethylene in presence of additives J. Zahalka: Radiation modified materials in machine engineering W. Bobeth, R. Hanke, A. Heger, J. Morgenstern, H. Paessler: Technological aspects of planar structurizing on woven and knitted fabrics by localized radiation induced grafting B. Ihme, E. Maeder, A. Mally: Problems in the development of high-energy radiation processing of woven and knitted fabrics S. Nikolov. P, Panayotov, V. Diakova, M. Nikolova: Radiation modification of timber in people's republic of Bulgaria H. Dahlhelm. G. Matejko. G. Huebner: Experiments on sprouting inhibition in onions J. Thẏn: Process analysis with nuclear technique A. Merz: Axial dispersion and homogenization in chemical engineering systems A. Zeuner, F. Hartmann: Investigation of material transport in rotating dryers by aid of Lanthanum-140 D. Manr: Tracer research for modelling of Ion-exchange equipment

Note: Contents of Part 3 P. Popp, J. Leonhardt: Characterization of coulometric and hypercoulometric ECD mode of operation D. Hinneburg, H.-J. Grosse, J. Leonhardt, P. Popp: Calculation of current-voltage characteristics of electron-capture detectors A.G. Rozno, V.V. Gromov: Study of volume electric charge in radioactive dielectrics by the method of "acoustic sounding" Iv. N. Pandev, M.G. Christova, St.D. Stefanov, N.V. Gentchev, St.T. Bakardjiev, D.T. Genov, Ch.D. Christov: Portable gamma-irradiator - modified model P. Hargittai, V. Stenger: Planning of dose-rate distribution of radiation fields by computer M. Remer: DOSKMF2 - A contribution to the computer-aided design of dose rate distributions A. Heger, H. Dorschner, W. Schumann, D. Pleul: Characterization of the radiation field and control of the optimal electron beam accelerator operation for industrial processes V. Prenerov, K. Shivarov, P. Ivanov: Programme for radiation protection by using portable defectoscopes in industrial building T. Geßner, K. Irmer: Nuclear radiation detectors using high resistivity neutron transmutation doped silicon H.-G. Könnecke, D. Luther: The influence of airing systems on the residence time in biological clarification plants J. Dermietzel, C. Wienhold, H. Grundmann, A. Staschok, J. Koch, E. Bordes: Tracer studies on carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide formation in liquid phase oxidation of p-xylene W. Smułek: Use of technical mixtures of carboxylic acids to the extraction of silver H. Förster: Determination of oxide film thickness on aluminium using 14-MeV neutron activation and BET method H. Jaskólska, L. Waliś, C. Janusz: Investigations of the monocrystallization process of neodymium doped YAG using radiotracers H. Wagler: Substoichiometric determination of Pd-II-traces with dithizone and problems of determination P. Tábor, L. Molnár, D. Nagymihá!yi: Radioisotope gauge for automatic control of cottonwool package H.-W. Thummel, G. Körner, D. Fritzsche: Compensation for thickness variations in determining the bulk material composition on conveyor belts using combined scatter-transmission and thickness measuring methods D. Fritzsche, W. Dolak: Radiometric determination of ash content of raw lignites M. Braune: A simplified mathematical model for scattered transmission of X-rays in raw brown coal P. S. Kamenov, E. I. Vapirev, S. I. Ormandjiev: A new type of nuclear weighing device for transporter belts W. Smulek, M. Borkowski: Separation of reduced molybdenum from fission products. The Mo - HN03 - HDEHP system J. Komosiński, M. Radwan: Selected problems of radioisotope technique for wear investigation of precise elements Dr. A. Várkonyi: The thin layer activation for industry G. Hartmann, P. Kulicke: Wear testing in power stations J. Kraś, Z. Banasik: The radioisotopes in wear investigation of combustion engines H.-D. Grohmann: Short-time measurements of wear on surface activated rails G.M. Ter-Akopian, E.A. Sokol, Fam Ngok Chyong, M.P. Ivanov, L.P. Chelnokov, V.I. Smirnov, V.A. Gorshkov: Neutron multiplicity detector for the study of rare nuclear decay events L. Gąsiorowski, P. Mroziński, K. Sobkowicz, F. Zrudelny: Implementation of Intel 8080 - based microcomputer system in the radioisotope measurements control instrumentation W. Birkholz, M. Steinert: Evaluation of autoradiograms using a microcomputer F. Myšák, M. Krejči, J. Hakl, E. Smrkovský: Study of boron diffusion in high temperature Ni-base alloys by means of solid state track detectors W. Birkholz, H.-Ch. Treutler, K. Freyer, M. Geisler, J. Dubnack: Autoradiography of gallium in silicon H.C. Treutler, K. Freyer: On quantitative autoradiography of semiconductor basic material A.S. Shtan': Radiation evaluation techniques and facilities used for quality assurance of fuel elements and fuel assemblies for nuclear power plants D. Babić, A. Šafranj, V. Marković: Radiation degradation of poly-propylene-molecular weight and melt viscosity change A. Ciszek: Modern irradiation processes equipment-accelerators and their applications G. Kummer: Identification of signals by means of the decision theory N.S. Batchvarov, I.D. Vankov, L.P. Dimitrov, Ch.D. Shukov, P.A. Pavlov: Betareflektometer SR-77

Note: Kartenbeilage unter dem Titel: National geodynamics Project-Upington geotraverse : simplified geological map 〈1: 250000〉 : Draughting and colour seperation by R M E Kováts /by V Vajner, J van Bever Donker, C Z van Zyl, and C.W.Stowe , Kartenbeilage unter dem Titel: The Namaqualand geotraverse 〈1: 250000〉 /by H.J. Blignault, J.A.H. Marais, S.W. van der Merwe, G. van Aswegen and J.A. Muller

Note: Table of Contents Japan The Shimanto Belt of Japan: Cretaceous-lower Miocene active-margin sedimentation A. Taira, H. Okada,J. H. Whitaker, and A. J. Smith https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.01 Sedimentation across the Japan Trench off northern Honshu Island Roland von Huene and Michael A. Arthur https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.02 Tectonics of some forearc fold belts in and around the arc-arc crossing area in central Japan Yujiro Ogawa https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.03 Forearc geological structure of the Japanese Islands Tsunemasa Shiki and Yoshibumi Misawa https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.04 Central America Facies belts of the Middle America Trench and forearc region, southern Mexico: results from Leg 66 DSDP J. Casey Moore, Joel S. Watkins, Kenneth J. McMillen, Stephen B. Bachman, Jeremy K. Leggett, Neil Lundberg, Thomas H. Shipley, Jean-Francois Stephan, Floyd W. Beghtel, Arif Butt, Borys M. Didyk, Nobuaki Niitsuma, Les E. Shephard, and Herbert Stradner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.05 Tectonic processes along the Middle America Trench inner slope Thomas H. Shipley, John W. Ladd, Richard T. Buffler, and Joel S. Watkins https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.06 Sedimentation in different tectonic environments of the Middle America Trench, southern Mexico and Guatemala Kenneth J. McMillen, Robert H. Enkeboll, J. Casey Moore, Thomas H. Shipley, and John W. Ladd https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.07 A summary of Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 67 shipboard results from the Mid-America Trench transect off Guatemala Roland von Huene, Jean Aubouin, Jacques Azema, Grant Blackinton, Jerry A. Carter, William T. Coulbourn, Darrel S. Cowan, Joseph A. Curiale, Carlos A. Dengo, Richard W. Faas, William Harrison, Reinhard Hesse, Donald M. Hussong, John W. Ladd, … View all authors https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.08 Evolution of the slope landward of the Middle America Trench, Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica Neil Lundberg https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.9 South America Cenozoic structure, stratigraphy and tectonics of the central Peru forearc L. D. Kulm, T. M. Thornburg, and H.-J. Schrader J. M. Resig https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.10 Forearc and other basins, continental margin of northern and southern Peru and adjacent Ecuador and Chile R. Moberly, G. L. Shepherd, and W. T. Coulbourn https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.11 The geology of the western part of the Borbón Basin, North-west Ecuador C. D. R. Evans and J. E. Whittaker https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.12 Aleutians Ancient plate boundaries in the Bering Sea region M. S. Marlow, A. K. Cooper, D. W. Scholl, and H. McLean https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.13 The Chugach Terrane, a Cretaceous trench-fill deposit, southern Alaska Tor H. Nilsen and Gian G. Zuffa https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.14 Structural evolution of coherent terranes in the Ghost Rocks Formation, Kodiak Island, Alaska Tim Byrne https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.15 Asia and Australasia Sedimentation in the Sunda Trench and forearc region Gregory F. Moore, Joseph R. Curray, and Frans J. Emmel https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.16 Development of the North Island Subduction System, New Zealand Gerrit J. van der Lingen https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.17 Atlantic The Barbados Ridge Complex: tectonics of a mature forearc system G. K. Westbrook https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.18 Sedimentology and structure of the Scotland Group, Barbados C. J. Pudsey and H. G. Reading https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.19 Subduction and tectonics on the continental margin off northern Spain: observations with the submersible Cyana Jacques-André Malod, Gilbert Boillot, Claude Lepvier, Georges Mascle, and Josette Taugourdeau-Lantz Raymond Capdevila, Pierre-Alain Dupeuble, and Carla Müller https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.20 Mediterranean Subduction in the Hellenic Trench: probable role of a thick evaporitic layer based on Seabeam and submersible studies X. Le Pichon, P. Huchon, J. Angelier, N. Lybéris, J. Boulin, and D. Bureau J.P. Cadet, J. Dercourt, G. Glaçon, H. Got, D. Karig, J. Mascle, L.E. Ricou, and F. Thiebault https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.21 Detailed tectonic trends on the central part of the Hellenic Outer Ridge and in the Hellenic Trench System N. H. Kenyon, R. H. Belderson, and A. H. Stride https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.22 The structure of the Calabro-Sicilian Arc: result of a post-orogenic intra-plate deformation Forese Carlo Wezel https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.23 Makran of Iran and Pakistan Deformation of the Makran accretionary sediment prism in the Gulf of Oman (north-west Indian Ocean) Robert S. White https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.24 The Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic history of western Baluchistan Pakistan—the northern margin of the Makran subduction complex Russell S. Arthurton, Abul Farah, and Wahiduddin Ahmed https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.25 The Makran, Southeastern Iran: the anatomy of a convergent plate margin active from Cretaceous to Present G. J. H. McCall and R. G. W. Kidd https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.26 California The Coastal Belt of the Franciscan: youngest phase of northern California subduction Steven B. Bachman https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.27 The Franciscan Complex of northernmost California: sedimentation and tectonics K. R. Aalto https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.28 Sedimentation, metamorphism and tectonic accretion of the Franciscan assemblage of northern California M. C. Blake, Jr, A. S. Jayko, and D. G. Howell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.29 Deformation of partly dewatered and consolidated Franciscan sediments near Piedras Blancas Point, California Darrel S. Cowan https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.30 Initiation and evolution of the Great Valley forearc basin of northern and central California, U.S.A. Raymond V. Ingersoll https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.31 Forearc Terranes in Orogenic Belts Cretaceous-Palaeogene Flysch Zone of the East Alps and Carpathians: identification and plate-tectonic significance of ‘dormant’ and ‘active’ deep-sea trenches in the Alpine-Carpathian Arc Reinhard Hesse https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.32 The anatomy of a Lower Palaeozoic accretionary forearc: the Southern Uplands of Scotland J. K. Leggett W. S. McKerrow and D. M. Casey https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.33 Sedimentology, volcanism, structure and metamorphism of the northern margin of a Lower Palaeozoic accretionary complex; Bail Hill-Abington area of the Southern Uplands of Scotland Barry C. Hepworth, Grahame J. H. Oliver, and Michael J. McMurtry https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.34 Facies, Petrology and Models Sedimentary facies associations within subduction complexes Michael B. Underwood and Steven B. Bachman https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.35 Composition of modern deep-sea sands from arc-related basins J. Barry Maynard, Renzo Valloni, and Ho-Shing Yu https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.36 Initiation of subduction zones: implications for arc evolution and ophiolite development D. E. Karig https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.37

Note: Weathering Processes Lichen weathering of minerals: implications for pedogenesis M. J. Wilson D. Jones https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.01 Porewater reactions in the unsaturated zone with special reference to groundwater quality in England D. A. Spears https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.02 A review of experimental weathering of basic igneous rocks David C. Cawsey and Paul Mellon https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.03 Kaolinites, Laterites and Bauxites Kaolinisation and the formation of silicified wood on late Jurassic Gondwana surfaces H. Wopfner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.04 Kaolinitic weathering profiles in Brittany: genesis and economic importance J. Esteoule-Choux https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.05 The origin and occurrence of Devon Ball Clays A. Vincent https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.06 The Ayrshire Bauxitic Clay: an allochthonous deposit? S. K. Monro F. C. Loughnan and M. C. Walker https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.07 Base metal concentrations in kaolinised and silicified lavas of the Central Burma volcanics T. R. Marshall B. J. Amos D. Stephenson https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.08 A low level laterite profile from Uganda and its relevance to the question of parent material influence on the chemical composition of laterites M. J. McFarlane https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.09 Palaeoenvironment of lateritic bauxites with vertical and lateral differentiation Ida Valeton https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.10 Geochemistry of a nickeliferous laterite profile, Liberdade, Brazil J. Esson https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.11 Red Beds Reddening of tropical coastal dune sands R. Gardner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.12 Post-depositional reddening of late Quaternary coastal dune sands, north-eastern Australia K. Pye https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.13 Origin of red beds in a moist tropical climate (Etruria Formation, Upper Carboniferous, UK) B. M. Besly P. Turner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.14 Duricrusts: Calcretes, Silcretes and Gypcretes Environment of silcrete formation: a comparison of examples from Australia and the Cologne Embayment, West Germany H. Wopfner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.15 Silcrete in Western Australia: geomorphological settings, textures, structures, and their genetic implications W. J. E. van de Graaff https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.16 Geochemistry of weathering profile silcretes, southern Cape Province, South Africa M. A. Summerfield https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.17 Pliocene channel calcrete and suspenparallel drainage in West Texas and New Mexico C. C. Reeves, Jr https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.18 Concentration of uranium and vanadium in calcretes and gypcretes Donald Carlisle https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.19 Ancient duricrusts and related rocks in perspective: a contribution from the Old Red Sandstone John Parnell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.20 A process-response model for the formation of pedogenic calcretes Colin F. Klappa https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.21 Stable isotope abundances in calcretes A. S. Talma F. Netterberg https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.22 A Geotechnical classification of calcretes and other pedocretes F. Netterberg J. H. Caiger https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.23 Karstic residual fluorite-baryte deposits at two localities in Derbyshire R. P. Shaw https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.24 Cenozoic pedogenesis and landform development in south-east England John A. Catt https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.25

Note: Articles Introduction J. Brooks https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.01 Geological and Geochemical Studies of Northwest European Continental Shelf The role of the Department of Energy in petroleum exploration of the United Kingdom P. J. Walmsley https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.02 Gas Exploration and Reserves in Europe A. Makourine https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.03 A Review of Geochemical Data Related to the Northwest European Gas Province P. C. Barnard and B. S. Cooper https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.04 Surface Geochemical Exploration in the North Sea J. L. Gevirtz, B. D. Carey, and S. R. Blanco https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.05 Analytic Procedure and Results of an Isotope Geochemical Surface Survey in an Area of the British North Sea E. Faber and W. Stahl https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.06 Petroleum Offshore Sniffer Exploration J. Sigalove https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.07 Petroleum Exploration Onshore U.K. G. J. Candy https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.08 North Sea petroleum exploration T. P. Brennand https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.09 Exploration of the Norwegian Shelf Hans Rønnevik, Svein Eggen, and Jan Vollset https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.10 Stratigraphy and Sedimentation of the Palaeocene Sands in the Northern North Sea D. C. Mudge and G. M. Bliss https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.11 Geochemistry of Porosity Enhancement and Reduction in Clastic Sediments C. D. Curtis https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.12 Applications of Geochemistry to Sandstone Reservoir Studies Hilary Irwin and Andrew Hurst https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.13 Organofacies and Early Maturation Effects in Upper Jurassic Sediments From the Inner Moray Firth Basin, North Sea M. J. Pearson and D. Watkins https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.14 Aspects of Burial Diagenesis, Organic Maturation and Palaeothermal History of an Area in the South Viking Graben, North Sea M. J. Pearson, D. Watkins, and J-L Pittion D. Caston and J. S. Small https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.15 Some Geological Controls on Oil Composition in the U.K. North Sea C. Cornford, J. A. Morrow, A. Turrington, J. A. Miles, and J. Brooks https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.16 Kerogen Types, Organic Maturation and Hydrocarbon Occurrences in the Moray Firth and South Viking Graben, North Sea Basin M. J. Fisher and Jennifer A. Miles https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.17 Geochemistry of North and South Brae Areas, North Sea R. H. Reitsema https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.18 The Search for Petroleum in Northern Ireland A. E. Griffith https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.19 Frontier exploration in Western and Northwest Europe D. G. Roberts https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.20 Petroleum Exploration of Europe Origins of Natural Gas in the Po Valley, N. Italy L. Mattavelli, T. Ricchiuto, and D. Grighani M. Schoell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.21 Isotope Geochemistry of Natural Gases in Central Europe M. Schoell and M. J. Whiticar https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.22 Geochemical Observations and Oil Genesis in the German Alps and their foreland K. Kuckelkorn, H. Wehner, and H. Hufnagel https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.23 Basin Evolution and Hydrocarbon Generation D. P. McKenzie https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.25 Oil Potential of Coals: A Geochemical Approach B. Durand and M. Paratte https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.26 Pyrolysis-Mass Spectrometry in Coal Chemistry: a study of the coalification of vitrites and the typification of Australian Brown Coals P. A. Schenck, J. W. de Leeuw, and T. C. Viets J. Haverkamp https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.27 Identification of Amorphous Sedimentary Organic Matter by Transmitted Light Microscopy D. J. Batten https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.28 Spectral Correlation of Spore Coloration Standards P. M. R. Smith https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.29 Selection Criteria for the Use of Vitrinite Reflectance as a Maturity Tool J. M. A. Buiskool Toxopeus https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.30 Use of Porphyrins as a Maturity Parameter for Oils and Sediments A. J. G. Barwise https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.31 Petroleum Geochemical Principles and Techniques Organic Geochemistry and Basin Modelling — Important Tools in Petroleum Exploration D. H. Welte, M. A. Yükler, M. Radke, D. Leythaeuser, U. Mann, and U. Ritter https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.24 Geological Information on Hydrocarbon Exploration on the U.K. Continental Shelf Introduction G. G. Baxter https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.32 The Compilation of an Earth Science Bibliography for the North Sea and Adjacent Areas D. J. McKay https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.33 Commercially Available Geological Databanks—U.K.C.S. P. Wigley https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.34 Geological Information from Hydrocarbon Exploration on the United Kingdom Continental Shelf J. R. V. Brooks https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.35 EXPHST—A Program to Analyse the History of Exploration Success within a Basin or Country K. J. Chew and H. Stephenson https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.36 The Use of Computerized Information in Britoil, Exploration Division G. G. Baxter https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.37

Note: CONTENTS Introduction Sources of information Acknowledgments Physical setting of the Fairbanks area Topography and geology Climate Selected references Frozen ground Seasonally frozen ground Definition The problem Cause of frost heaving Frost action in the Fairbanks area Frost action on pile construction Highway bridges The Alaska Railroad Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Other frost-heave problems Loss of bearing strength Solutions to the frost-action problem Permafrost Definition The problem Origin and thermal regime Distribution and thickness Permafrost in the Fairbanks area Permafrost of the flood plain Permafrost of alluvial fans, colluvial slopes, and silt lowlands Boundaries between permafrost and non permafrost areas Character of ground ice Principles of land use in permafrost areas Ground subsidence caused by thawing of ice-rich permafrost Preliminary statement Thermokarst phenomena General features Therrnokarst mounds Therrnokarst pits Effects on agricultural development Effects on railroads Effects on roads and highways Effects on airfields Effects on heated buildings Effects on natural-gas and oil pipelines General statement Gas pipelines Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Effects on buried utility lines Indicators of permafrost Recognition of the problem Vegetation Small landforms and natural surface patterns Selected references Ground water Preliminary statement Ground water in the Fairbanks area Preliminary statement Tanana and Chena River flood plains Upland hills Lower hillslopes and creek-valley bottoms Geologic hazards associated with ground-water movement in permafrost regions Preliminary statement Artesian wells Icings Seepage icings Stream icings Summary of icings Pingos Selected references Earthquakes Introduction Causes and locations of earthquakes Classification and terminology of earthquakes Earthquake hazards in the Fairbanks area Summary of the earthquake hazard Selected references Landslides Landslides in the Fairbanks area Selected references Hillside erosion in loess Preliminary statement Examples of loess erosion Selected references Flooding Introduction History of flooding in the Fairbanks area Frequency of flooding in the Fairbanks area Solution to the problem of flooding Introduction Structural measures Nonstructural measures Flood proofing Flood warning and evacuation Flood insurance Selected references , Englisch

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS: Distribution List. - List of acronyms and abbreviations used. - Record of Amendments. - Foreword to 1st Edition. - Foreword to 2nd Edition. - HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENTS OF ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - CONSIDERATION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS BY SCAR AND ANTARCTIC TREATY CONSULTATIVE PARTIES. - OPERATION OF INDIVIDUAL NATIONS' NETWORKS. - Australia's Antarctic Communications. - Japan's Antarctic communications. - UK Antarctic communications. - US Antarctic communications. - ANTARCTIC TREATY RESOLUTIONS ON ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - WMO RESOLUTIONS AND PRINCIPLES ON ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - Introduction. - Engineering principles of the GTS. - Functions and responsibilities of Meteorological Telecommunications Centres. - Characteristics of the networks of the GTS. - Operational principles of the GTS. - The transmission of meteorological data an the GTS. - Collection and transmission of meteorological data. - Data processing. - Telecommunications system. - Weather reporting by traverse parties. - Automatic weather station in the Antarctic. - AIREP reports. - Mobile ship stations. - OTHER RELEVANT RECOMMENDATIONS AND RESOLUTIONS. - APPENDIXES. - APPENDIX I. - Manual an the Global Data Processing System, Regional Aspects, the Antarctic. - APPENDIX II. - Network of CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP reporting stations in the Antarctic. - APPENDIX III. - Results of the monitoring of Antarctic data reception carried out during the period 12-15 March 1982. - APPENDIX IV. - Existing links for the daily international exchange of meteorological data within the Antarctic. - APPENDIX V. - Principal routes by which Antarctic meteorological data enters the GTS. - APPENDIX VI. - List of Antarctic stations and the routing of their meteorological data to the GTS.

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric Introduction Glacial characteristics Water treatment Materials and methods Experimental design Pilot plant intake Hydrocyclone Chemical addition system Flocculation system Filtration system Pilot plant operations Coagulant chemical preparations Flow measurement Sampling Results and discussion Kenai River w ater quality Evaluation of pilot plant testing Performance of pilot plant elements Physical and chem ical variables Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background Objectives and procedures Equipment used Radar TDR Definitions Massive ice Results Artificial wedge: Norwich, Vermont Ice wedges in sand: Fish Creek, Alaska Ice wedges: Prudhoe Bay, Alaska Ice wedges under thawed fine-grained soils: North Slope, Alaska Wedge-like soil structures: Ft. Greely, Alaska TDR measurements Summary and concluding remarks Literature cited Appendix A: Brief discussion of dispersion

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Tests Results Ice forces on inclined structures Transition of ice action due to velocity increase Aspect ratio Bridge pier nose geometry Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Plattsburgh Air Force Base Radar sounding system Survey procedure Cavity inspection Radar cavity detection test Radar profile results Falling-weight deflectometer tests Discussion and conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background and environmental setting Data collection and terminology Data analysis Gouge depths Gouge orientation Gouge frequency Extreme value analysis Applications to offshore design Gouge depth Extreme value statistics Burial depths Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Detailed bathymetric map of the Alaskan portion of the Beaufort Sea

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction Objectives Background Problems in describing the response of snow to an applied stress Methods of determining the dynamic behavior of materials Review of previous studies on snow Experimental measurements on snow Summary of snow experiments Theoretical studies Confirmation of the theory Discussion Applications Recommendations Summary Literature cited Appendix A. Selected data from Wisotski and Snyder (1966) Appendix B. Pressure data from Livingston (1964)

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Finite differences applied to heat transfer Heat conduction equation Boundary conditions Phase change Computer program ADDATA, the data subroutine TRIDIG, the matrix solver ISOTHM, the isotherm finider ADI, main program ADEPC, main program Verification of ADI Comparison of ADI with analytical results Comparison of ADI with experimental results Verification of ADIPC Comparison of ADIPC with analytical results-the Neumann solution Comparison of ADIPC with analytical results-two-dimensional phase change verification User instruction for ADI User instruction for ADIPC Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Program INFSUM and sample input and output for program ADI Appendix B. Program ADIPC and sample input and output

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background Development of testing technique Test specimens Tensile testing Compression testing Experimental results Tensile tests Compression tests Discussion Conclusions Suggestions for further work Literature cited Appendix A: Additional information on seed grains Appendix B: Thin-sectioning procedure Appendix C: Displacement transducer calibration

Note: CONTENTS Abstrac Preface Introduction Purpose Scope Concept of accuracy Test selection Definition of parameters Piezometric head Use of piezometers Hydraulic conductivity Flow direction Specific discharge magnitude Transmissivity Volumetric flow rate Porosity Average linear velocity Storage coefficient-specific yield Aquifer dispersivity Parameter estimation techniques Piezometric head Hydraulic conductivity Direction and magnitude of specific discharge vector Transmissivity Volumetric flow rate Total porosity Average linear velocity Storage coefficient Specific yield Effective porosity Aquifer dispersivity-dispersion coefficients Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Conversion of metric units Introduction Review of existing models Accumulation models Ablation models Using existing models for studying mobility Proposed snowpack model for mobility studies Model components Implementation of the model Developing input data Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Methods Site selection and preparation Prespill assessment Seawater application Postspill assessment Enzyme assay and analysis of soil flora Results and discussion Soil-solution conductivities Vascular plant response Cryptogam response Site factors and plant response Soil flora and extracellular soil enzymes Limitations of this study Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Plant taxa included in this study

Note: Contents of Part 2 Hecht, K. Gerber, R. Otto: Studies on the drying of paints by means of 14C-labelled compounds K. Wagner, F. Brutschin, I. Ritter, T. Gritsch, H. Zimmermann, H. Borchert: Investigations by the aid of radioisotope methods on the technology of the production of carbon and silicon carbide materials K. Gloe, P. Mühl: Determination of metal extraction process parameters using tracer technique W. Migdał, W. Łada, K. Malec-Czechowska: Studies on liquid-liquid extraction of noble metals using radiotracers L. Petryka, K. Przewłocki: Radiotracer investigations of benefication copper ore in the industrial flotation process Z. Bazaniak, J. Palige: Determination of Cu recovery degree from slags in shaft process by means of radiotracers R. Burek, J .K. Zurawicz: On the optimization of concentration measurements in heterogeneous materials based on β-backscatter measurements B. Heinrich: Analysis of carbon content in crude brown coal by inelastic scattering of neutrons and the method of time correlated associated particles P. Urbańaki, D. Wagner, M. Jankowska, E. Kowalska: Determination of calcium and iron and measurements of ash content in the brown coal H.-W. Thümmel: Some considerations relating to the prediction of the efficiency of radiometric methods for the continuous ash content determination of coal L. Wawrzonek: Monitor of ash content of coal with X-ray source I. Pavlicsek, V. Stenger, A. Veres: Apparatus for gamma activation analysis I. Végvári, I. Juhász: Determination of PbO content of lead-glass samples on the ground of gamma-absorption E. Schöntube, H.-J. Große: Aerosol ionization gas analysis as a monitoring for waste halothane in the atmosphere of operating theatre S. Mothes, P. Popp, G. Oppermann, W.-D. Herberg: Measurement of fluorocarbons with the ECD P. Popp, E. Schöntube, G. Oppermann: The usability of radiation ionization detectors for the determination of N2O concentrations in the air of operating theatres P. Popp, G. Arnold, G. Oppermann: A hydrocarbon-sensitized argon ionization detector for the detection of inorganic compounds R. Szepke, W. Lisieski, J. Harasimczuk: Automatic dust monitor AMIZ G. Vormum: Sealed sources - problems of design, measurement and quality control L. Gąsiorowski: New trends in developments of ratioisotope gauges in Poland G. Brunner: Direct chemical information from special radio tracers as well as from outer X-ray excitation J. Hirling: Experience and future trend in industrial application of nuclear methods in Hungary I. N. Ivanov, O. K. Nikolaenko, Yu. V. Phecktistov, V. L. Chulkin: Use of short-lived nuclides in activation analysis Kl.-P. Rudolph, J. Flachowsky, A. Lange: Trace element determination in semiconducter selenium by neutron activation analysis (NAA) W. Lisieski, J. Mirowicz: Some industrial applications of instruments with neutron sources R. Dybczyński, H. Maleszewaka, S. Sterliński, Z. Szopa, M. Wasek: Some problems in neutron activation determination of gold and silver in ores and concentrates of copper industry L. Jankowski: Cost-benefit aspects of radioisotope application in industry B. Manouchev, T. Boschkova, L. Tsankov, V. Gurev, I. Kojucharov, G. Grozev: On the possibilities of the direct gamma-spectremetry in natural waters P. Morgenstern, D. Müller, W. Riedel: A parallel grid proportional scintillation counter for the X-ray region from 3 to 20 keV with regard to high count rates N. A. Anders, V. S. Isaev, V. I. Filatov, B. E. Kolesnikov, D. Müller, P. Morgenstern, W. Riedel, V. P. Varvaritsa: X-ray fluroescence analyzer of light elements with proportional scintillation counter D. Müller, P. Morgenstern, W. Riedel, W. Warwariza, B. E. Kolesnikow, N. A. Anders, W. J. Filatov: General considerations concerning the use of the X-ray analyzer "RALE" in industry

Note: Aus dem Russischen übersetzt

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction U.S.S.R. system of standards U.S.S.R. Design Code SNiP 11-18-76 (1977) subsoils and foundations on permafrost General regulations Classification of soils Basic regulations for foundation design Analysis of subsoils and foundations Design of foundations for special soil conditions, and appendices SR 80-34 (1980) design and construction of foundations in areas of deep seasonal frost and permafrost General information Foundation design Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Abstract of events Earthquakes and frozen ground The response of freshwater ice sheets to earthquake shock The earthquake disturbance in glaciated mountains Disturbed wildlife Tidal waves Summary Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Symbols Introduction Purpose of the study Stating the problem Fracturing of the ice cover due to the passage of surge waves Basic assumptions Derivation of the bending moments Determination of the wave characteristics Deflection of the ice Discussion and field observations Summary Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Background Hierarchy of drag laws and simple models The momentum equation for the planetary boundary layer Linear eddy viscosity - the constant stress layer Two-layer eddy viscosity PBL scaling A dimensionless two-layer system A dimensionless two-layer system with modified stress Evaluating the drag laws Rossby similarity parameters and buoyancy effects Discussion Literature cited

Note: Contents Chapter 1. Major Fields of Application [1.1] Introduction [1.2] Medicine; X-ray Computed Tomography [1.3] Medicine; Emission Computed Tomography [1.4] Medicine; Ultrasound CT [1.5] Astronomy [1.6] Electron Microscopy [1.7] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance [1.8] Optics [1.9] Stress Analysis, Geophysics, and Other Areas [1.10] References Chapter 2. Definition of the Radon Transform [2.1] Introduction [2.2] Two Dimensions [2.3] Three Dimensions [2.4] Extension to Higher Dimensions [2.5] Some Important Examples Chapter 3. Basic Properties [3.1] Introduction [3.2] Homogeneity [3.3] Linearity [3.4] Transform of a Linear Transformation [3.5] Shifting Property [3.6] Transform of Derivatives [3.7] Transforms Involving Hermite Polynomials [3.8] Transforms Involving Laguerre Polynomials [3.9] Derivatives of the Transform [3.10] Transform of Convolution Chapter 4. Relation to Other Transforms [4.1] Introduction [4.2] Relation to the Fourier Transform [4.3] Relation to the Gegenbauer Transform [4.4] Relation to the Hough Transform Chapter 5. Inversion [5.1] Introduction [5.2] Odd Dimension [5.3] Even Dimension [5.4] Unification and the Adjoint [5.5] Fourier Methods Chapter 6. Recent Development of Inversion Methods [6.1] Introduction [6.2] Projection-Slice Theorem [6.3] Backprojection [6.4] Backprojection of Filtered Projections [6.5] Filter of Backprojections [6.6] Iterative Methods [6.7] Three-dimensional Methods [6.8] Categorized References Chapter 7. Series Methods [7.1] Introduction [7.2] Gegenbauer Transform Pair [7.3] Circular Harmonic Expansion ( n = 2) [7.4] Spherical Harmonic Expansion (n = 3) [7.5] A Tchebycheff Transform Pair of the Second Kind [7.6] Orthogonal Function Expansions on the Unit Disk [7.7] Orthogonal Function Expansions Over the Entire Plane [7.8] Other Approaches Chapter 8. More Properties, Applications, and Generalizations [8.1] Introduction [8.2] Characterization of the Transform [8.3] A Discrete Version [8.4] Picture Restoration [8.5] Transformations in Geophysics [8.6] The Integral Equation of Potential Scattering [8.7] Partial Differential Equations [8.8] Generalizations and Other Uses Appendix A. Translation of Radon's 1917 Paper Appendix B. Generalized Functions Appendix C. Special Functions References Index

Note: CONTENTS Introduction History and development along the Elliott and Dalton Highways Elliott Highway Hickel Highway Dalton Highway Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Climate Temperature Precipitation Physiography Permafrost and ground ice Hydrology Icings Pingos Geology Bedrock geology Glacial geology of the Brooks Range Vegetation Bottomland spruce-poplar forest Upland spruce-hardwood forest Lowland spruce-hardwood forest High shrub Low shrub bogs Moist tundra Wet tundra Alpine tundra Disturbance patterns Flora Soils Road log Introduction Fox Fox - Livengood Livengood Livengood - Yukon River Yukon River region and crossing Yukon River - Atigun Pass Cirque glaciation and processes in the Atigun Pass area Slushflow activity in the Atigun Pass area Atigun Valley - Prudhoe Bay The Prudhoe Bay region Oil-field development Geology Geomorphology. soils, and vegetation Selected references Appendix A - Soil taxonomy Appendix B - List of plants