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  • Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory  (22)
  • Garching bei München  (14)
  • English  (36)
  • Turkish
  • 1970-1974  (36)
  • 1
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    Numerical computation of the shock wave diffracted by a circular cylindrical cavity in elastic-plastic media (1970)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-279
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Nomenclature. - Introduction. - Basic equations. - Equation of motion. - Equation of continuity. - Artificial viscosity. - Equation of state. - Equation of motion. - Equation of continuity. - Artificial viscosity. - Equation of state. - Finite difference approximation. - Equation of motion. - Equation of continuity. - Artificial viscosity. - Equation of state. - Boundary conditions. - Results and discussion. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: A finite difference method for predicting the effect of shock waves on a circular cylindrical cavity in elastic-plastic media was studied. A two-dimensional Lagrangean code was found quite satisfactory. Attenuation of the shock waves through the cavity and the deformation of the cavity wall were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 279
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5973985
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Phase boundary water in frozen soils (1970)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-274
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - The ice/ice interface. - The ice/air interface. - The silicate/water/silicate interface. - The silicate/water/ice interface. - Summary. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Interfacial regions in frozen soils are of the following types: ice/ice (grain boundary) ice/water/air, silicate/water/silicate (interlamellar) and silicate/water /ice (extralamellar). For the last, the mid-portion of the interfacial region should be regarded as a liquid-like solution of the ionic and undissociated substances sorbed by the interface and expelled from the ice during freezing. The interfacial forces operative in these regions result in distinct differences in the properties and behavior of the interfacial water, compared with water in bulk; but, in spite of strong interfacial forces, the interfacial water exhibits liquid-like mobility in its response to many kinds of driving forces. From the evidence and arguments considered, it is concluded that distinctly different zones of orientational order can be distinguished within the interfacial regions. For an advancing silicate/water/ice interface it is proposed that there is a zone of strong perturbation and disorder immediately proximate to silicate surfaces in which the protons of water molecules are partially delocalized; this makes them more easily dissociated. Two or three molecular diameters removed from the silicate surface the interfacial forces operative there combine to create a zone of enhanced order in the molecular configurations. At some farther distance, depending upon the temperature below freezing, it is suggested that there exists a disordered transition zone proximate to the ice surface as portrayed in Drost-Hansen's model. It is suggested that future investigations will contribute refinements in the model and will uncover still further complexities in the various interfaces mentioned.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 274
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5973960
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Model analysis of vehicle trafficability with application to surface effect vehicles on sea ice fields (1972)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-298
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - I. Introduction. - II. A statistical theory of trafficability. - Statistical descriptions of trafficability. - Statistical modeling of trafficability. - Trafficability in a variable space with comparison to a fixed space. - III. Statistical description of sea ice. - Homogeneous, isotropic, and normal random function. - Upper bound of probability for finding an obstacle derived from two-point probability density function. - IV. Design criteria of a SEV derived from sea ice surface roughness. - Literature cited. - Appendix: Statistics of a variable space.
    Description / Table of Contents: Efforts were made to derive the design criteria of surface effect vehicles operated on arctic sea ice. Statistical theories were developed to describe trafficability of the vehicles and topography of the sea ice. By the use of actual sea ice surface profiles obtained by an aerial laser profiler, the usefulness of the present statistical method was demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 298
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5974570
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Isua, Greenland : glaciological investigations during 1973 (1974)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-318
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Drilling and field observations. - Interpretation. - Implications for the feasibility study. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Two holes were drilled through the Greenland ice sheet during 1973 and temperature measurements were made in one hole drilled during 1972. These measurements show that the area of liquid water beneath the ice cap extends to ice depths as shallow as 100 m. The consequences of removing the frozen margin of glacial ice could be serious and more temperature measurements are needed to exactly locate the subglacial water. Petrographic studies of a few ice cores revealed a strongly oriented crystal fabric and an appreciable surface accumulation of superimposed ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 318
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1035634454
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Gamma-ray spectra of resonance neutron irradiated earth materials (1970)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-289
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Materials and methods. - Materials. - Methods. - Results and discussion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A.
    Description / Table of Contents: Clay mineral and soil samples were subjected to neutron activation analysis in order to identify and measure the abundances of trace elements having radionuclides with long half-lives. After exposure of cadmium-shielded samples to neutrons for a period of five days, the gamma radiation associated with the decay of the resulting radionuclides was observed using a high resolution Ge(Li) detector. Trace elements identified without prior chemical separation using the gross gamma-ray spectra included Fe, Zn, Ti, Ni, Co, Cr, Sr, Ba, Ca, La, Eu, Tb, Hf, Ta, Th, and U. It should be possible to determine quantitatively the amount of each of these elements. This is a considerable improvement over the number of elements determined in soils previously by activation analysis without destructive chemical treatments.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 289
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5974517
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Vibratory surface loadings on a viscoelastic half-space (1970)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-286
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS : Introduction. - Basic analysis. - Part I: Far field surface motion. - A single oscillating source. - A group of forces over a finite area. - Part II: Near field study. - Motion at center of source. - Approximation of displacements. - Conclusion. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Wave propagation generated by vibratory load on a homogeneous, isotropic, linear viscoelastic half-space is studied. The effect of a single concentrated force and a group of forces applied over a circular area has been examined and solutions of the displacement functions are presented. In the case of the group forces, the three types of force distribution used by Reissner and Sung were employed. At a great distance (far field) from the applied load, surface displacements are reduced to closed form expressions. A field method based on these results is recommended for determining the complex modulus and the damping property of a viscoelastic material. For areas near the source (near field), numerical procedures were employed to evaluate the integral solution. To facilitate the application, two simplified versions are provided for calculating the center displacement under the load. They both provide good approximation to the integral solution and, most important of all, they speed up the computation enormously
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 33 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 286
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5974825
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Summer temperatures in interior Alaska (1971)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-244
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Summer temperature data. - Station network and history. - Parameters for data reduction. - Analysis of summer temperatures. - Temperature trends. - Summer temperatures in the highlands. - Lapse rates for summer temperatures. - Spatial variation of summer temperatures. - Summary. - Literature cited. - Appendix A. - Appendix B. - Appendix C. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Annual degree-day summations over bases of 43°F and 50°F in 15-day periods from May through August are given for the period of record for five interior Alaska climatic stations. Average temperature and precipitation data are included. Patterns of summer temperature in interior Alaska are analyzed in terms of historical, elevational and areal differences. Since 1900, summer temperatures show little long-term change but significant short-term changes. In contrast, winter temperatures show considerable fluctuations, which are reflected in mean annual temperatures to a much greater degree than are summer temperature fluctuations. Average summer lapse rates for the 1600 to 3300 and 3300 to 6600-ft levels were 3.4 and 3.7°F/1000 ft, respectively, based on timberline temperature observations and on upper air data from Fairbanks. Correlation analysis of daily and monthly average July temperatures indicates areas of uniformity with respect to temperature variation. This provides information on lowland climatic stations that are representative of highland locations, especially the Yukon-Tanana Uplands
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 37 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 244
    URL: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31210025591825&seq=3
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Depth-time-temperature relationships of ice crystal growth in polar glaciers (1971)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-300
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Sampling. - Byrd Station. - Plateau Station. - Camp Century. - lnge Lehmann. - Grain-crystal relations. - Analytical techniques. - Thin sections. - Crystal size measurements. - Results and discussion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Crystal size as a function of depth and age in the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: The growth of ice crystals as a function of depth and time in polar firn and glacier ice has been investigated at a number of locations in Antarctica and Greenland. Thin sections of snow and ice were used to measure crystal size variations which showed, in all cases, that crystal size increases essentially linearly with the age of samples. Crystal growth rates are strongly temperature dependent. At Camp Century, Greenland, where the firn temperature is -24°C, crystals grow approximately 23 times faster than at Plateau Station, Antarctica, where the in situ temperature is -57°C. Extrapolation of the existing data indicates that crystal growth rates in polar firn and ice could be expected to vary by about two orders of magnitude over the temperature range -60°C to -15°C. Examination of the changes in the pore-crystal structure relationships to a dpeth of 100 m at Camp Century shows that these changes closely resemble those occuring in the full-scale isothermal sintering of powder compacts.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 300
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5974076
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Theory of soil plasticity with indefinite angle of non-coaxiality (1973)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-307
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Part 1.The concept of isotropy clarified by the introduction of non-coaxial mechanics. - Part 2. Systematization of the theory of plasticity with indefinite angle of non-coaxiality. - Analysis of stress. - Analysis of strain-rate. - Principle of partial coincidence. - Strain-rate characteristic directions. - Equations for practical use. - Conclusion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A.The sense of the [Sigma],[Gamma] coordinate system. - Appendix B. Another derivation of the equations of velocity components. - Appendix C. Equations of velocity components in stress characteristic directions.
    Description / Table of Contents: One of the difficulties that have hampered the development of the mathematical theory of soil plasticity was recently overcome by Mandl and Luque. They showed that the non-coaxiality of the principal axes of a stress tensor and a strain-rate tensor can occur only in plane deformation. Their assumption that the angle of non-coaxiality should be a material constant cannot be supported, however. The angle of noncoaxiality should be determined so that the solution to the given problem can exist. It is demonstrated in one of the examples in this paper that a well-known solution in which the angle of non-coaxiality is assumed to be zero does violate the assumed boundary condition. The theory was reorganized bv using new insights given by Mandl and Luque. It is concluded that still missing is one condition that enables us to determine the angle of non-coaxiality as a function of space.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 31 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 307
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1103309860
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Soil failure under inclined loads (1972)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-303
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Notation. - 1.Introduction. - 1.1Definition and scope of problem. - 1.2 Theoretical background. - 1.3 Previous work on the single plate-grouser problem. - 1.4 Background of the present investigation. - 2.Theory of two-dimensional soil failure by a plate-grouser. - 2.1 Basic criteria and assumptions. - 2.2 Rupture zones and boundaries. - 2.3 Forces in the spiral and Rankine zones. - 2.4 Solution to forces of the equilibrium wedge abc when [Theta]c 〉 [Theta] 〉 (- [Epsilon] [equal to or greater] -[Beta]). - 2.5 Solution to the forces H and V. - 3. Observation of soil rupture patterns. - 3.1 General. - 3.2 Test equipment and photographic technique. - 3.3 Photographing failure patterns. - 3.4 Observation of the equilibrium wedge when [Theta]c 〉 [Theta] 〉 - [Epsilon]. - 3.5 Rupture patterns at [Theta] = 90°. - 4. Force measurements. - 4.1Test program. - 4.2 The plate-grouser test apparatus. - 4.3 The measurement of soil strength. - 4.4 Results of controlled [Theta] tests. - 5. Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Details of mathematical methods. - Appendix B: Computer program. - Appendix C: Examples of application. - Appendix D: Photographs of failure patterns. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: The most common example of the application of inclined loads to the soil is the plate-grouser. This consists of a strip footing with a vertical arm at one end. The most usual loading arrangement is one in which a fixed vertical load is applied and then the horizontal load is increased until failure occurs. A theory has been developed which will predict the maximum horizontal force, assuming that the soil is dense enough to be reasonably described by the Coulomb equation. The theory is based on slip line fields including wedges of soil that are not failing. These slip line fields vary systematically with the interface angle [Beta] and the angle of internal shearing resistance of the soil [Phi] and they are a function of the direction of motion of the interface [Theta]. A computer program is provided which will solve the problem directly if the direction of motion [Theta] is given. It will also solve the more practical situation described above by an iterative procedure. The postulated slip line fields have been shown to be correct by means of glass box photographs giving excellent agreement with the theory. The predictions of passive pressure have been verified by a series of force measurements on quite large grousers driven into saturated clay, dry sand and an intermediate loam.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 93 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 303
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5963520
    Language: English
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