ALBERT

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Einleitung. - 2. Personalien. - 3. Das Stationsnetz. - Stationen I., II. und III. Ordnung und Stationen, die nur Sonnenschein beobachten. - Regenstationen. - Gewitterstationen. - 4. Wetterdienst. - 5. Stationsinstrumente und Sammlungen des Zentralinstituts. Instrumente. Bücherei. - 6. Besondere Arbeiten im Zentralinstitut. - 7. Das Meteorologisch-Magnetische Observatorium bei Potsdam. - Allgemeines. - Meteorologische Beobachungen und Arbeiten. - Magnetische Arbeiten. - 8. Dienstreisen. - 9. Veröffentlichungen. - Veröffentlichungen des Instituts. - Fachwissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen der Beamten. - Eine photographische Registriereinrichtung mit weiter Zeitskala bei sparsamem Papierverbrauch / Ad. Schmidt. - Vertikale Temperaturgradienten im Gebirge / H. v. Ficker. - Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Regenböen im atlantischen Passatgebiet / K. Knoch. - Ungewöhnlicher Luftdruckanstieg am 22. Dezember 1925 / W. König. - Ueber Niederschlag und gleichzeitigen Luftdruckgang / W. König. - Die Häufigkeit zu nasser und zu trockener Sommermonate (Regenklemmen) in Ostpreußen / G. Wussow. - Das Schwerefeld eines magnetischen Moleküls / O. Venske. - Jährlicher und täglicher Gang der Verdunstung in Potsdam / R. Süring. - Temperatur, Niederschlag und Sonnenschein im Jahre 1925 nach den Beobachtungen der im deutschen Witterungsbericht erscheinenden Stationen.

Note: Univ., Diplomarbeit--Bochum, 1992

Note: Enth.: Introduction -- Pt. 2. Union of South Africa from Olifants River to Mossel Bay. With an appendix on conditions at Saldanha Bay, Cape Town and Simonstown -- Pt. 3. Union of South Africa from Mossel Bay to East London.With an appendix on conditions oat Mossel Bay and Port Elizabeth -- Pt. 4. Union of South Africa from East London to Kosi Bay.With an appendix on conditions at East London and Durban -- Pt. 5. Portuguese East Africa (Mocambique) and Mocambique Channel -- Pt. 5a. Madagascar. With an appendix on conditions at Mayotte, Diégo Suarez, Nossi Bé and Tamatave

Note: CONTENTS: PREFACE. - LIST OF PLATES. - LIST OF FIGURES. - PART I. - GENERAL INTRODUCTION. - I. - Geological objectives and methods of the expedition with a review of former explorations. - Introduction. - The approach to Mongolia. - The Gobi Region. - Prehistoric adventure. - Historic travel and modern exploration. - Earlier studies of special significance. - II. - Boundaries of the Gobie Region. - Introduction. - The Northern Boundary. - Northern boundary - western section. - Northern boundary - central section. - Northern boundary - eastern section. - Summary of the Transbaikal border. - The Eastern Boundary. - Summary of the eastern boundary. - The Southern Boundary. - Southern boundary - eastern section. - Southern boundary - central section. - Southern boundary - western section. - The Western Boundary. - PART II. - ROUTE STUDIES OR ITINERARY. - Introduction. - The task of a geological reconnaisance expedition. - Recording observations. - III. - From Kalgan to Iren Dabasu. - Kalgan to Wan Ch'uan Pass. - The lower pass. - Wan Ch'uan basin and the upper pass. - The Pacific divide to P'ang Kiang. - The granite hills of Chakhar. - The P'ang Kiang hollow. - P'ang Kiang to Iren Dabasu. - The first fossils. - IV. - From Iren Dabasu to Urga. - Iren Dabasu to Camp Jurassic. - The structural relations at Camp Jurassic. - Camp Jurassic to Mount Tuerin. - The granites of Mount Tuerin. - Mount Tuerin to Bolkuk Gol. - The Arctic divide. - Observations in the vicinity of Camp Bolkuk Gol. - Course of the Bolkuk Gol. - Glacial evidence in the Gangin Daba. - Ground ice. - Local culture. - Side traverse toward Urga. - Mineral resources. - V. - From Urga to Tsetsenwan Traverse along the Tola River. - The vicinity of five Antelope Camp. - From the Tola River to Tsetsenwan. - The vicinity of Tsetsenwan. - A side traverse north of Tsetsenwan. - The serpent-form dikes. - Contact effects of the granite margin. - Jurassic structural relations. - A side traverse south of Tsetsenwan. - VI. - From Tsetsenwan to Sain Noin and the Arctic divide. - Wastward from Tsetsenwan. - The vicinity of Camp Canyon Brook. - From Camp Canyon Brook to the Ongin Gol. - Rock-bound hollows. - Continuation of the traverse. - The Ongin Gol. - From the Ongin Gol to Sain Noin. - The vicinity of Sain Noin. - From Rainy Gulch to the Arctic Divide. - A step across the divide. - VII. - From the hot springs of Sain Noin to Mount Uskuk. - Arishan to Gorida. - The Gorida basin. - The old Uliassutai trail. - Old Uliassutai Trail to Mount Uskuk. - The saltpan of Guchu Burt. - Ondai Sair. - VII. - The return journey from Tsagan Nor to Artsa Bogdo. - Choosing a route. - Tsagan Nor to the volcanic cliffs. - Desert hollows. - Volcanic cliffs to Artsa Bogdo. - North Margin of Artsa Bogdo. - Picture writings. - IX. - From Artsa Bogdo to Sair Usu. - Artsa Bogdo to Djadokhta. - The flaming cliffs of Djadokhta. - Djadokhta to Ongin Gol in Sumu. - Ongin Gol in Sumu. - Ongin Gol to Sair Usu. - X. - From Sair Usu to Kalgan. - Palaeozoic strata. - Continuation of traverse to Ardyn Obo. - Sediments of Ardyn Obo. - Ardyn Obo to Shara Murun. - Palaeozoic strata of Jisu Honguer. - Tertiary sediments of Shara Murun. - Shara Murun to Kalgan. - Chinese settlements. - The return to Kalgan. - PART III. - SPECIAL AND LOCALITY STUDIES. - Introduction. - Method of Mapping. - XI. - Eren Dabasu and Irdin Manha. - Introduction. - General aspect and larger relations of the basin. - Origin of the hollow at Iren Dabasu. - General Rock structure. - The Iren Dabasu formation. - Variegated Tertiary beds. - The Houldjin formation. - The Arshanto and Irdin Manha formations. - Shara Murun. - Age and correlation. - XII. - Arishan, the sacred mountain of Sain Noin. - Introduction. - Features of the locality. - Geological formations. - Graywacke series. - The granite. - The Jurassic formation. - Special products. - Structural features. - The spring waters and their origin. - XIII. - Mount Uskuk and the Tsagan Nor Basin. - Principal structural features. - The rock formations. - Rocks of the ancient floor. - The crystalline metamorphics. - The graywacke series. - Bathylithic granite. - Jurassic strata. - Post-Jurassic intrusives. - Rocks of the sedimentary cover. - Cretaceous strata. - Fossil content. - Tertiary strata. - Fossil content. - Former extent of later sediments. - Evidence of the faulted margins. - Evidence of the sedimentary remnants. - Evidence of the basalt remnants. - Evidence of planation. - Erosional history of the south block of Uskuk. - Deformation of the Mount Uskuk region. - The Saltpan of Guchu Burt. - Tsagan Nor. - XIV. - The Gurbun Saikhan Ranges. - The journey. - A desert well. - The return journey. - Geological observations at Artsa Bogdo. - The south.basin. - Approach to the Gurbun Saikhan. - The formations of the Gurbun Saikhan. - Ancient rocks. - Limestones. - Serpentine. - Graywacke-slate series. - Topographic character of the Gurbun Saikhan. - XV. - Artsa Bogdo and Oshih. - The Artsa Bogdo Mountain Block. - The marginal shelf. - History of the shelf. - Rock formations of the mountain. - Ancient meta-crystallines and intrusives. - Folded sediments and associated eruptives. - Later igneous rocks. - Tectonic features. - Traces of former sedimentary cover. - Topographic features. - Stream pattern. - Glaciation. - The Oshih Hollow. - Features of the locality. - The geologic column. - XVI. - Problems and areas deserving special study. - Introduction. - Sedimentary basins and potential fossil fields. - The area of the great pass. - P'ang Kiang. - The paper-shales of mile 299. - The flaming cliffs of Uskuk. - Oshih (Ashile) basin. - Djadokhta. - Ardyn Obo. - Shara Muraci. - Ulan Nor. - The badlands of the Ongin Gol. - Structural and historical problems. - The Camp Jurassic area. - The crystalline upland east of the Ongin Gol. - The transition country of Gangin Daba. - Sair Usu. - Los in Sumu. - Jisu Honguer. - Genral problems. - PART IV. - SUMMARIES AND DISCUSSIONS. - Introduction. - XVII. - Structural elements of the Oldrock floor. - Two major divisions. - Subdivision of the Oldrock floor. - Mesozoic intrusives. - Jurassic sediments. - Paloeozoic strata. - The great Mongolian bathylith. - The Khangai graywacke series. - The ancient crystalline complex. - The Wu T'ai system. - The T'ai Shan complex. - XVIII. - Surface features and their origin. - Basins and mountains. - The basin of Mongolia. - Deserts in general. - The shaping processes. - Major subdivisions of the Mongolian Basin. - Talas of the eastern and southern province. - The western faulted talas. - Mountains. - Fault-block mountains of the Altai type. - Ikhe Bogdo. - Baga Bogdo. - Artsa Bogdo. - Gurbun Saikhan. - The mountains of the eastern province. - Volcanic mountains. - The structure lines of Mongolia. - XIX. - Surface features and their origin (continued). - Plateaus, plains and flatlands. - Introduction - the level lands of the desert. - Agencies which carve the erosion plane. - Erosion by wind. - Rainfall. - Drainage. - Immigrant streams. - Native streams. - Erosive work of running water. - The Piedmont Slope. - The Gobi erosion plane. - Original slopes of the erosion plane. - Deformation of the Gobi surface. - Deposits on the Gobi upland. - Redissection of the Gobi erosion plane. - Summary of the Gobi erosion plane. - Desert Hollows. - The older Peneplanes. - The pre-Cretaceous peneplane. - The Mongolian peneplane. - The Khangai peneplane. - Relations of the Khangai and Mongolian peneplanes . - Relations of the Mongolian peneplane and the Gobi erosion plane. - Relations between the Gobi erosion plane and the lowlands of the P'ang Kiang stage. - Comparison of peneplanes with those of surrounding regions. -

Note: Contents: Introduction. - 1 Atmosphere: Origin, Composition, and Structure. - Understanding the Atmosphere. - Evolution of the Atmosphere. - Probing the Atmosphere. - Temperature Profile of the Atmosphere. - The Ionosphere and the Aurora. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: The Martian Atmosphere. - Special Topic: The Ionosphere and Radio Transmission. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 2 Radiation. - Electromagnetic Radiation. - Radiation Laws. - Input of Solar Radiation. - Solar Radiation and the Atmosphere. - The Ozone Shield. - Solar Radiation and the Earth's Surface. - Solar Radiation Budget. - Infrared Response and the Greenhouse Effect. - Radiation Measurement. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Why Is the Sky Blue?. - Special Topic: The Hazards of Sunbathing. - Weather Fact: Greenhouse Effect on Mars and Venus. - Mathematical Note: Blackbody Radiation Laws. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Quantitative Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 3 Heat and Temperature. - Distinguishing Heat and Temperature. - Temperature Scales. - Temperature Measurement. - Heat Units. - Transport of Heat. - Specific Heat. - Heating and Cooling Degree-days. - Windchill. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Temperature and Human Comfort. - Special Topic: Temperature and Crop Yields. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Quantitative Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 4 Heat Imbalances and Weather. - Heat Imbalance: Atmosphere Versus Earth's Surface. - Heat Imbalance: Variation by Latitude. - Weather: Response to Heat Imbalances. - Variation of Air Temperature. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: The Unique Thermal Properties of Water. - Special Topic: Solar Power. - Weather Fact: Why Mountaintops Are Cold. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions . - Quantitative Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 5 Air Pressure. - Defining Air Pressure. - Pressure Balance. - Variation with Altitude. - Horizontal Variations. - Highs and Lows. - Air Pressure Measurement. - Pressure Units. - The Gas Law. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Human Response to Changes in Air Pressure. - Special Topic: Altimetry. - Mathematical Note: The Gas Law. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 6 Humidity and Stability. - The Hydrologic Cycle. - How Humid Is It?. - The Saturation Concept. - Relative Humidity. - Humidification. - Humidity Measurement. - Achieving Saturation. - Atmospheric Stability. - Lifting Processes. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Humidity and Human Comfort. - Special Topic: Clouds by Mixing. - Weather Fact: The Rainiest Place on Earth. - Mathematical Note: Energy Conservation and the Dry Adiabatic Process. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Quantitative Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 7 Dew, Frost, Fog, and Clouds. - Low-Level Saturation Processes. - Cloud Development. - Classification of Clouds. - Unusual Clouds. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Freeze Prevention. - Special Topic: Jack Frost and Autumn Color. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Quantitative Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 8 Precipitation, Weather Modification, and Atmospheric Optics. - Precipitation Processes. - Forms of Precipitation. - Precipitation Measurement. - Weather Modification. - Atmospheric Optics. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: When Is It Too Cold or Too Warm to Snow?. - Special Topic: Mirages. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Quantitative Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 9 The Wind. - The Forces. - Joining Forces. - Continuity of Wind. - Scales of Weather Systems. - Wind Pressure. - Wind Measurement. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Wind Power. - Special Topic: Wind Gusts, Wind Shear, and Atmospheric Stability. - Weather Fact: The Windiest Place on Earth. - Mathematical Note: Geostrophic and Gradient Winds. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 10 Planetary-Scale Circulation. - Idealized Circulation Pattern. - Pressure Systems and Wind Belts. - Upper-Air Westerlies. - El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). - Conclusions. - Special Topic: The ENSO Event of 1982-83. - Mathematical Note: The Polar Front and the Midlatitude Jet Stream. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 11 Air Masses, Fronts, Cyclones, and Anticyclones by Patrìda M. Pauley. - Air Masses. - Frontal Weather. - Midlatitude Cyclones. - Anticyclones. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: The Case of the Missing Storm. - Mathematical Note: Vorticity. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 12 Local and Regional Circulation Systems. - Monsoons. - Land and Sea (or Lake) Breezes. - Lake-Effect Snows. - Heat Island Circulation. - Katabatic Winds. - Chinook Winds. - Desert Winds. - Mountain and Valley Breezes. - Conclusion. - Special Topic: Monsoon Failure and Drought in Sub-Saharan Africa. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 13 Thunderstorms. - Thunderstorm Life Cycle. - Thunderstorm Genesis. - Geographical Distribution. - Severe Thunderstorms. - Thunderstorm Hazards. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Lightning Safety. - Special Topic: Hail Suppression. - Weather Fact: The Rumble of Thunder. - Key Terms. - Summary Statement. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 14 Tornadoes. - Tornado Characteristics. - Distribution of Tornadoes. - Hazards of Tornadoes. - The F-Scale. - The Tornado-Thunderstorm Connection. - Tornado Look-Alikes. - Weather Radar. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Wind Profilers. - Weather Fact: Tornado Oddities. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 15 Hurricanes. - Hurricane Characteristics. - Distribution of Hurricanes. - Hazards of Hurricanes. - Life Cycle of Tropical Storms. - Hurricane Threat to the Southeast. - Hurricane Modification. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Atlantic Hurricanes and West African Rainfall. - Weather Fact: Naming Hurricanes. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 16 Weather Analysis and Forecasting. - World Meteorological Organization. - Acquisition of Weather Data. - Meteorology by Satallite. - Data Depiction on Weather Maps. - Weather Prediction. - Communication and Dissemination. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Weather Proverbs: Fact or Fiction?. - Special Topic: Aviation Weather Hazards. - Mathematical Note: Some Orbital Characteristics of Weather Satellites. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 17 Air Pollution Meteorology. - Air Pollutants. - Air Pollution Episodes. - Air Pollution's Impact on Weather. - The Ozone Shield. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Principal Air Pollutants. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 18 World Climates. - Describing Climate. - Climate Controls. - Global Patterns of Climate. - Climate Classification. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: 1816, The Year Without a Summer?. - Special Topic: Agroclimatic Compensation: The Be

Note: SUMARIO: Presentación. - Hidrografía al borde del hielo entre las islas Elefante y las Orcadas del Sur durante el verano austral 1988- 1989 / F. G. Figueiras y F. F. Pérez. - Hidrografía de Admiralty Bay, isla King George, Antártida, al comienzo del verano austral de 1988-1989 / R. Prego, F. F. Pérez y F. G. Figueiras. - Saruracrón de oxigeno disuelto en las aguas Investigadas durante la campaña "Antártida 8611" / A. Alvarez Meneses. - Peces capturados durante la campaña "Antártida 8611" / J. Matallanas. - Edad y crecimiento de Notothenia gibberifrons (Lönnberg, 1905), en Georgia del Sur / M. T. García Santamaría y E. Balguerias. - Algunos datos sobre la distribución, abundancia y biología de Patagonotothen brevicauda guntheri (Norman, 1937) en Shag Rocks / E. Balguerias y M. E. Quintero. - Dos nuevas especies de picnogónidos antárticos / T. Munilla. - Distribución espacial del Krill (Euphasia superba; Dana, 1852), obtenida durante la campaña "Antártida 8611" / l. Sobrino. - Análisis de los porcentajes de hembras fecundadas de Krill (Euphasia superba; Dana, 1852), obtenidos durante la campaña "Antártida 8611" / I. Sobrino. - Primeros datos sobre la flora y vegetación liquénica de isla Livingston (islas Shetland del Sur, Antártida) / L. G. Sancho, L. Kappen y B. Schroeter. - lnvestigaciones ecofisiológicas en líquenes antárticos. Primeros datos sobre la actividad fotosintética de líquenes crustáceos "in situ" / L. Kappen, B Schroeter y L. G. Sancho. - Microclima y fotosíntesis neta de Usnea antarctica a partir de mediciones realizadas "in situ" en isla Livingston (islas Shetland del Sur, Antártida) / B. Schroeter, L. Kapen y L. G. Sancho. - Notas acerca de una colonia de nidificación de Cormoran carunculado del Antártico (Phalacrocorax atriceps) en Bahía Paraíso (península Antartrca) / J. Curt y A . Fernández Riestra. - Observación de cinco cisnes de cuello negro (Cygnus melanocoryphus) en la zona del Tratado Antártico / J. Curt. - Catálogo de ceráceos, pinnípedos y aves observados desde el buque oceanográfico "Las Palmas" durante las navegaciones efectuadas en la zona del Tratado Antártico y en sus destacamentos de las islas Shetland del Sur y estrecho de Bransfiel (25-I-89 a 1-III-89) / J. Curt. - Foraminíferos, biofacies e hidrodinámica sedimentaria en la Antártida / G. Mateu. - Actividad antimicrobiana de un nuevo monoterpeno del Plocamium cartilagineum de la península Antártica / J. Rovirosa, L. Sánchez, Y. Palacios, J. Darías y A. San Martín. - Aspectos taxonómicos de bacterias aisladas en la isla Livingston durante la campaña 1986-1987 / N. Bozal, J. G. Loren y J. Guinea. - Observaciones de NO2 y ozono en el interíor del Vértice Polar Antártico / M. Gil, J. Cacho, L. Acedo y M. J. Sainz de Aja. - Condiciones meteorológicas del agujero del ozono en la Antártida / J. M. Cisneros. - Altos valores de humedad relativa medidos en la estratosfera antártica / J . M. Cisneros. - Aproximación al estudio de fenómenos micrometeorológicos en la isla Decepción / J . Vira, M. Ramos y M. R. Soler. - Las campañas 1987-1988, 1988-1989 al sur del mar de Brandsfield. Resultados científicos / M. Catalán. - Las campañas geodésicas 1987- 1988, 1988-1989 en las Shetland del Sur / J. Ballesteros, M. Berrocoso, M. Catalán, F. Cruz. R. Estrada. J. M. Fernández López, A. Luján, J. Muñoz, J. Sánchez del Toro, J. C. Sastre, R. Soto y J. G. Viramonte. - Las observaciones GPS en la red antártica 1988-1989. El efecto del campo gravitatorio austral en la observación de satélites / M. Catalán y M. Berrocoso. - Origen y estructura de la isla Decepción (islas Shetland del Sur) / J. Martí, A . Baraldo y J. Rey. - Geoquímica de fluidos en la isla Decepción / A. Valentin, M. Martini y J. L. Diez Gil. - Los enclaves de las rocas volcánicas de terraza Kendall y Bahía Murature, isla Decepción, Shetland del Sur. Antártida / C. Risso, A . Aparicio y J. G. Viramonte. - Anomalías térmicas y balance de flujo disipado en la isla Decepción, Shetland del Sur / M. Ramos, R. Ortiz, J. L. Diez Gil y J. G. Viramonte. - Caracterización de algunos parámetros termodinámicos del suelo del volcán Decepción (Antártida) / M. Ramos, M. Domínguez y R. Ortiz. - Temblores volcánicos en Decepción. Origen y evolución / J. Vila, A. M. Correig, R. Ortiz y J. Batlló. - Detección de una capa de baja velocidad asociada a las últimas erupciones en Decepción / J. Vila, A. M. Correig, R. Maciá y R. Ortiz. - Interpretación preliminar de un ensayo de perfil sísmico de refracción en Port Foster (isla Decepción) / R. Ortiz, R. Boloix y E. Carreño. - Actividad sísmica en el entorno de la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos I (islas Livingston y Decepción) / R. Ortiz, J. Vila y J. C. Sastre. - Estudio del campo magnético en Port Foster (isla Decepción) / A. García, J. G. Viramonte, J. Vila y J. M. lbáñez. - Perfiles magnéticos sobre el sistema de fracturas del sector noroeste de Decepción / J. G. Viramonte, M Ramos, A. García, C. Suazo y J. L. Díez Gil. - Anomalías magnéticas al sur del mar de Bransfield / J. Acosta, M. Catalán, J. L. Diez, J. M Fernández López, A. García, P. Herranz, R. Ortiz y J. C. Sastre. - Tectónica reciente en los depósitos submarinos de la bahía de Depción / J. Rey, J. R. de Andrés, J. M. Fernández López y C. Palomo. - Nuevos datos de sísmica continua por reflexión sobre la evolución geodinámica reciente del margen de las Shetland del Sur y estrecho de Bransfield / J. L. Sanz, J. Acosta y P. Herranz. - Perfiles sísmicos en las Shetland del Sur y estrecho de Bransfiel. Estructura y dinámica reciente / J. Acosta, M. Catalán, P. Herranz y J. L. Sanz. - Análisis estructural del hielo del glaciar Cazadora, cuantificación direccional de la anisotropia y predicción del drenaje subglaciar. Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / A. Erase, l. Antigüedad y M. Taylor. - Distribución vertical de isótopos estables (Deuterio y Oxígeno-18) en el hielo del glaciar Cazadora junto a la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / A. Eraso, l. Antigüedad, R. Gonfiantini, L. Araguas, M Gómez Martos y J. A. López Geta. - Distribución vertical de algunos oligoelementos presentes en el glaciar Cazadora junto a la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / A. Eraso, l. Antigüedad. A. llarri, J. A. López Geta y M. Gómez Martos. - Análisis mineralógico y por microsonda de las cenizas volcánicas existentes junto a la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / A. Eraso, l. Antigüedad, P. Herrero, J. Arostegui. L Eguiluz, C. Quesada y A. Sánchez. - Diferentes tipologías de aguas encontradas en la proximidad de la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / l. Antigüedad, A. Eraso y R. Fernández Rubio. - Correlación entre caudales drenados y parámetros hidroquimicos en el río de la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / l. Antigüedad, A. Eraso y R. Fernández Rubio. - Caracteríscicas del hidrograma en función de los datos meteorológicos y elaboración de la curva de gastos del río de la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / l. Antigüedad. A. Eraso, A. Mangín y R. Fernández Rubió. - Anteproyecto de construcción de un azud en la albufera fósil del sexto nivel de playa existente junto a la Base Antá rtica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla livingston (Shetland del Sur) / A. Eraso, A. Sánchez de Toro, R. Fernández Rubio y J. Presa. - Instrumentación Antártica, unidad automática de adquisición de datos para aplicación general. / R. Ortiz y E. Giménez. - Instrumentación Antártica. Red Sísmica Digital / R. Ortiz y J. Vila. - Experiencias térmicas realizadas sobre el comportamiento térmico del acero en condiciones polares (Polo Norte Geográfico) / J. Aguirre, M Ramos, P. D. Sanz y A. Sigot. - Estudio de fa resistencia térmica del traje polar prototipo "CM" e , Sprache der Zusammenfassung: Englisch

Note: Contents: PREFACE. - SECTION I. HISTORY OF THE ARCTIC OCEAN IN THE CENOZOIC ERA. - Linear and Areal Morphostructures of the Arctic Ocean Floor / V. D. Dibner. - Fluctuations in Arctic Climate as Revealed by Floor Sediment Analysis / N. A. Belov, N. N. Lapina. - Stratification and Rate of Accumulation of Floor Sediments of the Soviet Arctic Seas / N. N. Kulikov, N. N. Lapina, Yu. P. Semenov, N. A. Belov, M. A. Spiridonov. - Palynologic Study of Kara Sea Floor Sediment Cores / N. N. Kulikov, R. M. Khitrova. - Geologic Structure of the Glacial Shelves of the Atlantic Province of the Arctic Basin / M. A. Spiridonov. - Stratigraphy and Paleogeography of Spitsbergen in the Pleistocene / Yu. A. Lavrushin. - Role of Glaciers in Franz Josef Land Relief Formation / V. L. Sukhodrovskii. - Reconstruction of the Late- and Post-Pleistocene Arctic Basin Ice Sheet / P. M. Borisov. - Changes in the Arctic Basin since the Last Glaciation Maximum / D. P. Chizhov. - SECTION II. ARCTIC FLORA AND FAUNA AND THE HISTORY OF THEIR FORMATION. - Some Problems of Study of the Early Cenophytic Arctic Flora / L. Yu. Budantsev. - Arctic Flora and Its Historical Link with the Arctic Ocean / A. I. Tolmachev, B. A. Yurtsev. - Wide Fluctuations in Ocean Level in the Quaternary period and Their Influence on the Arctic Ocean Basin and its biological community / G. U. Lindberg. - Fresh Data on the Food of the Siberian Woolly Rhinoceros / V. E. Garutt, E. P. Meteltseva, B. A. Tikhomirov. - Characteristics of the Arctic Ocean Fauna and their significance for understanding the History of its formation / E. F. Guryanova. - Formation of macroscopic marine algal flora of the Arctic Basin / A. D. Zinova, Yu. E. Petrov. - The Concept of the Arctic origin of Pinnipeds and other solutions of this problem / K. K. Chapskii. - Ecological Adaptations of Pinnipeds in the Atlantic Province of the Polar Basin / V. A. Potelov, Yu. K. Timoshenko. - A General Review of th PIeistocene Marine Faunas of the Northern Coast of Eurasia / S. L. Troitskii. - History of the Evolution of Marine Mollusk Fauna of the Late Cenozoic Atlantic Arctic / V. S. Zarkhidze. - Late Cenozoic History of Foraminifera of the Pechora Lowland and Northern West Siberia / O. F. Baranovskaya, V. Ya. Slobodin. - Species composition of Modern Foraminifera as an Indication of the Arctic Sea's hydrological regime / S. V. Tamanova. - SECTION Ill. PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE NORTHERN TERRITORIES IN THE LATE CENOZOIC ERA. - Paleogeography of Northern USSR and contiguous areas of the Arctic Basin / G. S. Ganeshin. - North Eurasia in the Late Cenozoic Era / Yu. P. Degtyarenko, V. V. Zhukov, N. G. Zagorskaya, O. A. Ivanov, V. I. Kaiyalainen, Yu. N. Kulakov, A. P. Puminov, V. Ya. Slobodin, O. V. Suzdalskii. - On the History of the Migration of the Arctic Basin Shoreline in the Cenozoic Era / S. A. Strelkov. - Causes of Fluctuations in the Arctic Basin Level in the Neogene-Quaternary Period / J. L. Kuzin. - Spore-Pollen Analysis of Late Cenozoic Marine Sediments in the Reconstruction of the Paleogeography of the Arctic Coasts / N. G. Zagorskaya, F. M. Levina. - Forest Line Migration in North Asia in the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene (Based on Spore-Pollen Analysis) / R. E. Giterman, L. V. Golubeva, E. V. Koreneva, L. A. Skiba. - Holocene Transgressions and Variations in the Northern Coastline of the Kola Peninsula / B. I. Koshechkin, A. L. Kudlaeva. - Interpretation of Radiocarbon Datings of the Absolute Age of Organic Residues from the Upper Anthropogene Deposits of Fennoscandia / V. G. Chuvardinskii. - Structure and Stratigraphic Division of White Sea Bottom Deposits / V. S. Medvedev, E. N. Nevesskii, L. I. Govberg, E. S. Malyasova, R. N. Dzhinoridze, E. A. Kirienko. - Principal Stages in the History of the Vegetation of the Dvina Bay Coast of the White Sea during the Late- and Postglacial Transgression / E. S. Pleshivtseva. - Quaternary Transgressions in the Northern Russian Plain and Their Relationship with Continental Glaciations / E. N. Bylinskii. - Anthropogene Deposit-Forming Environments on Kolguev Island / O. F. Baranovskaya, T. A. Matveeva. - Cenozoic History of the Northern Coast of Europe / V. S. Zarkhidze. - Stages of Formation of the Southern Part of the Arctic Basin in Timan-Pechora Province in the Late Cenozoic Era / O. F. Baranovskaya, P. N. Safronov, G. N. Berdovskaya. - Pliocene-Pleistocene History of the Pechora Basin / V. L. Yakhimovich. - Paleogeography and Origin of Cenozoic Rocks in Soviet Europe as Revealed by Hydrochemical Data / V. D. Bezrodnov. - Study of Paleogeography and Neotectonics of Some Regions of the European Northeast by Coal Petrography / Yu. V. Stepanov. - History of the Formation of Arctic Shelf Foraminifer Fauna (Based on Data on the Timan-Ural Region) / I. N. Semenov. - Evolution of Pleistocene Marine Diatom Flora in the Northeast of Soviet Europe / E. I. Loseva. - Quaternary Deposits of the Middle Pechora and Vychegda River Basins / A. S. Lavrov. - Late Pleistocene Terraces in the Northeast of Soviet Europe and the Environments in which They were Formed / L. M. Potapenko, A. S. Lavrov. - Key Sections of the Lower Pechora and Their Importance for an Understanding of the Last Stages of the Geological Evolution of Northeastern Soviet Europe / V. S. Zarkhidze, I. I. Krasnov, M. A. Spiridonov, Yu. A. Lavrushin, I. I. Ryumina. - Siberian Elements in the Flora of the Far Northeast of Europe and Their Origin / O. V. Rebristaya. - Some Geographical Relationships of Ural Floras and Their Importance for Paleogeography / K. N. lgoshina. - Ostracod Complexes from the Late Cenozoic Marine Deposits of Northern Soviet Europe and West Siberia and Their Importance for Paleogeography / O. M. Lev. - Paleogeography of the Northern West Siberian Lowland and Russian Plain in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene / M. G. Kipiani, A. D. Kolbutov. - Mammals and Landscapes of the Northern Urals in the Late Anthropogene / I. E. Kuzmina. - Pleistocene Transgressions in Northern West Siberia and the Pechora Lowland / I. D. Danilov. - Salient Paleogeographic Features of the Pechora Lowland and Lower Ob Basin in the Neogene Epoch / P. P. Generalov, I. L. Kuzin, I. L. Zaionts, R. B. Krapivner. - Some Problems of the Quaternary Geology of Northern Soviet Europe and West Siberia / A. G. Kostyaev. - Northern West Siberia in the Pliocene and Pleistocene / O. V. Suzdalskii. - Boreal Transgressions and the Origin of Subsurface Sheet Ice Deposits / B. I. Vtyurin. - Dependence of Certain Types of Subsurface Glaciation in West Siberia on the Peculiarities of the Polar Sea / A .I. Popov. - History of Subsurface Freezing in West Siberia in the Light of Transgression of the Arctic Basin / V. V. Baulin. - New Data on the History of the Evolution of the Pre-Kazantseva and Kazantseva Vegetation in the Muzhi Urals and Southern Yamal (Based on Palynological Data) / E. E. Gurtovaya. - New Data on the Distribution of Recent Marine Deposits in West Siberia / I. L. Zaionts, Z. I. Kholodova. - Pleistocene Diatom Floras of the Yenisei North / Z. V. Aleshinskaya. - Some Upper Cenozoic Stratotypes of the Ust-Yenisei Depression / V. Ya. Slobodin. - Transgressions of the Arctic Basin and Evolution of the Yenisei North in the Pleistocene (Absolute Chronology of Events by 14C Dating) / N. V. Kind, L. D. Sulerzhitskii. - Kargin Diatoms from the Key Section of the Lower Yenisei / N. A. Khalfina. - Spread of Late Cenozoic Transgressions of the Arctic Basin in the Northwestern Central Siberian Tableland / V. D. Kryukov, V. V. Rogozhin. - Paleogeography of Northeastern Taimyr in the Quaternary Period (Based on Geological and Palynological Data) / G. N. Berdovskaya, N. A. Gei, V. M. Makeev. - Emergence and Development of Pleistocene Landscapes in the Eastern North Siberian Lowland / V. V. Zhukov, N. A. Pervuninskaya, L. Ya. Pinchuk. - History of Relief Formation in the Eastern North Siberian Lowland and the Adjoi

Note: In span. Sprache

Note: Table of Contents: Preface. - 1.0 Introduction. - 2.0 Geo-referenced data base. - 3.0 Polar stereographic elevation grid. - 4.0 Goid grid. - Tables. - Appendix. - References.

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 82-October 83. - II. Planned Activities, October 83-October 84. - References.

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 81-October 82. - II. Planned Activities, October 82-October 83. - References.

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 80-October 81. - II. Planned Activities, October 81-October 82. - References.

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Chapter 1. Introduction Location Purpose of study Previous work Chapter 2. Methodology Geology Overland erosion Wave erosion Frost penetration and heave Thaw failure Bank recession Ground water Soil moisture Chapter 3. Results Geology Geotechnical properties Overland erosion Wave erosion Freeze-thaw phenomena Ground water fluctuations Other slope failures Chapter 4. Discussion Overland erosion Wave erosion Thaw failure Universal soil loss equation Chapter 5. Summary and conclusions Techniques Erosion processes at Orwell lake Bank recession Literature cited Appendix A1: Average cumulative change of surface at erosion stations #2-12, 1980-81 Appendix A2: Cumulative net changes at overland erosion stations #1-12, 1980-81 Appendix A3: Cumulative net changes at overland erosion stations #1 -12, 198 1-82 Appendix A4: Cumulative average erosion at overland erosion stations #1-12, 1980-81 Appendix AS: Cumulative average erosion at overland erosion stations #1-12, 1981-82 Appendix A6: Cumulative average erosion at overland erosion stations #1 -1 2A, 1982 Appendix B: Dimensions of erosion sections, Orwell Lake, Minnesota Appendix C: Piezometer installation data, Orwell Lake, Minneso

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Observations Discussion Literature cited Appendix A: Site location maps

Note: CONTENTS Abstrac Preface Introduction Purpose Scope Concept of accuracy Test selection Definition of parameters Piezometric head Use of piezometers Hydraulic conductivity Flow direction Specific discharge magnitude Transmissivity Volumetric flow rate Porosity Average linear velocity Storage coefficient-specific yield Aquifer dispersivity Parameter estimation techniques Piezometric head Hydraulic conductivity Direction and magnitude of specific discharge vector Transmissivity Volumetric flow rate Total porosity Average linear velocity Storage coefficient Specific yield Effective porosity Aquifer dispersivity-dispersion coefficients Conclusions Literature cited

Note: Contents Preface Introduction The Earth as a global system Basic building blocks Introduction The atmosphere The hydrosphere The cryosphere The geosphere The biosphere Global cycles Introduction The water cycle Bio-geochemical cycles Natural changes Introduction Crucial changes on characteristic time scales The development of civilization and its consequences for the Earth system Signals from a disturbed environment Introduction The changed environment Problems caused by a growing world population The world of tomorrow Introduction Climate models and their limits Living in a greenhouse searching for traces and solutions The sciences being challenged Introduction Guidelines for a program of research into global changes Science and politics take up the challenge: International and national research programs Introduction International efforts Global Change research in Germany Acronyms and Abbreviations Bibliography: Illustrations

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction Objectives Background Problems in describing the response of snow to an applied stress Methods of determining the dynamic behavior of materials Review of previous studies on snow Experimental measurements on snow Summary of snow experiments Theoretical studies Confirmation of the theory Discussion Applications Recommendations Summary Literature cited Appendix A. Selected data from Wisotski and Snyder (1966) Appendix B. Pressure data from Livingston (1964)

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background Development of testing technique Test specimens Tensile testing Compression testing Experimental results Tensile tests Compression tests Discussion Conclusions Suggestions for further work Literature cited Appendix A: Additional information on seed grains Appendix B: Thin-sectioning procedure Appendix C: Displacement transducer calibration

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Conversion of metric units Introduction Review of existing models Accumulation models Ablation models Using existing models for studying mobility Proposed snowpack model for mobility studies Model components Implementation of the model Developing input data Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Description of study Model results The problem Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Dielectric properties of sea ice Time-domain spectroscopy measurement Laboratory measurements Field measurements Analysis of ladder data Conductivity of brine and sea ice Complex dielectric constant of brine and sea ice Discussion and conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Nomenclature Introduction Principal relationships Constitutive equation Failure criteria Secondary creep: Flow equations Creep at constant stress (σ = Const.) Creep model Creep strain (σ = Const.) Creep at constant strain rate (ϵ = Const.) Stress-strain relationship Stress/strain/strain rate at failure Test data Preliminary analysis Constant stress tests (σ = Const.) Constant strain rate tests (ϵ = Const.) The principle of superposition Thermodynamic equation of creep Conclusions Literature cited

Note: COTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Model characteristics and test conditions Ice-hull coefficient of friction Measurements of ice properties Experimental procedures Data acquisition system Test program and procedures for 1:10 model Test program and procedures for 1:24 model Analysis of test results Comparison of test results between 1:10 and 1:24 models Analysis of tests in broken or brash-filled ice channels Analysis of tests in level ice Full-scale prediction of level ice resistance Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Methods and instrumentation Results Drift tracks Pressure data Temperature data Discussion Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Field Sampling Site selection and description Ice sampling procedures Shipping and storage of ice samples Testing Techniques Multi-year Pressure Ridge Tests Ice description Sampling scheme and test variables Uniaxial compressive strength Residual compressive strength Failure strains Initial tangent modulus Statistical Variations in Ice Strength Differences in strength above and below level ice Sources of the variation in strength Shape of the strength histograms Multi-year Floe Ice Tests Ice description Uniaxial compressive strength Constant-load compression tests Constant-strain-rate tension tests Triaxial tests Conclusions Literature Cited Appendix A: Structural profile of a multi-year pressure ridge core Appendix B: Ridge uniaxial compression test data Appendix C: Structural profile of the continuous multi-year floe core Appendix D: Multi-year floe test data

Note: Contents Manual 2.2 The relative measurement of aktivity Lectures 1.3 Statistics / H. Baumbach 2.2 Sealed sources / K. Vormum 2.4 Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis / H.-K. Bothe 3.1 The use of carriers / H. Koch 4.3 Autoradiography / K. Freyer 6.1 Radiometric methods in environmental control / H.-J. Große

Note: Contents Manual 1.1 Beta measurements 1.2 Measurement of the energy spectrum and range of α-radiation with semiconductor detectors 1.3 Error and statistical tests 1.4 Basic experiments of gamma spectroscopy 2.1 Determination of certain elements in sedimental atmospheric dust by x-ray fluorescence analysis 2.2 Calibration and efficiencies (see Supplement) 2.3 Thin-layer chromatographic separation and test of the purity of labelled compounds 2.4 Separation of Thorium-234 from Uranium-238 2.5 Separation of 137Ca/137mBa by precipitation and sorption 3.1 Determination of phosphate by simple isotope dilution analysis and determination of Zn in MgSO4 by substoichiometric isotope dilution analysis 3.2 The Szilard-Chalmers effect 3.3 Determination of the Ag content in slags by instrumental neutron activation analysis 4.1 Isotope exchange of Ethyl Iodide and Sodium Iodide 4.2 Liquid scintillation counting of Carbon-14 and Tritium 4.3 Autoradiography - Demonstration of Autoradiographic techniques Lectures 1.1 Fundamentals of radioactivity / G. K. Vormum 1.2 Interaction of nuclear radiation with matter / G. K. Vormum 1.4 Equations of radioactive decay / G. K. Vormum 1.5 Radiation detectors / M. Geisler 2.1 Radiation spectroscopy / M. Geisler 2.5 Handling of radioisotopes / G. K. Vormum 2.7 Behaviour of radionuclides in very low concentrations / H. Koch 3.6 Particle sources / J. W. Leonhardt 4.2 Tracers in chemical kinetics / J. Dermietzel 4.4 Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) / R. Trettin 5.1 Isotopic tracers in biology / H. Hübner 5.2 Low-level counting / R. Trettin 5.4 Basic concepts of radioimmunoassay (RIA) / G. K. Vormum 6.2 Radionuclide generators / R. Otto

Note: CONTENTS Introduction Objective Background Strength measurement techniques Triaxial compression Direct shear Shear annulus device CRREL Instrumented Vehicle Discussion Comparison of methods Influence of soil conditions Traction prediction Conclusions References Abstract

Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction Experimental equipment and methods Gas gun Snow target assembly Data acquisition Experimental procedure Measured data Stress histories Snow characterization Data analysis Recommendations Experimental methods Experimental needs Summary Literature cited Appendix A : Stress-time data plots Appendix B: Tabulated stress-time data Abstract

Note: CONTENTS Preface Nomenclature Introduction Mathematical formulation Limiting cases of the governing equations Nondimensionalization scheme Numerical solutions and comparison to experiments Unconstrained Coulomb flow model with constant bed friction Unconstrained Coulomb flow with boundary drag term Conclusions and remarks Literature cited Abstract

Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction Radar equipment General operation Antennas Waveforms and phase polarity Antenna directivity Field procedures and data processing Field procedures Data recording Data processing Site location Results Pegasus runway Access road from Williams Field to Pegasus runway Williams Field Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Airborne profile of a portion of the access road Abstract

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Objectives Background Approach Influencing factors Field factors Laboratory Laboratory trafficking tests Force measurement and coefficient of friction Test tire slip Surface friction gauge Test procedure British portable tester Experimental results Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Test pavements Appendix B. Pennsylvania State University field study Appendix C. Rochester Institute of Technology field study

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Analysis of methods for calculating thermal conductivity Introduction Influence of moisture content on thermal conductivity Influence of dry density on thermal conductivity Influence of soil solids’ thermal conductivity Comparison of the various methods Evaluation of methods for calculating thermal conductivity Soils data used for evaluation Computer program Applicability of the methods Discussion and conclusions Applicability to unfrozen soils Applicability to frozen soils Applicability to saturated soils Effect of soil mineral composition Applicability to dry soils Summary of applicability of methods Literature cited Appendix A: Properties of some test soils Appendix B: Comparison of thermal conductivity values computed by the various methods and of their deviations from the values measured