ALBERT

Beschreibung: This is a philosophical work that develops a general theory of ontological objects and object-relations. It does this by examining concepts as acquired dispositions, and then focuses on perhaps the most important of these: the concept of learning. This concept is important because everything that we know and do in the world is predicated on a prior act of learning. A concept can have many meanings and can be used in a number of different ways, and this creates difficulty when considering the nature of objects and the relationships between them. To enable this, David Scott answers a series of questions about concepts in general and the concept of learning in particular. Some of these questions are: What is learning? What different meanings can be given to the notion of learning? How does the concept of learning relate to other concepts, such as innatism, development and progression? The book offers a counter-argument to empiricist conceptions of learning, to the propagation of simple messages about learning, knowledge, curriculum and assessment, and to the denial that values are central to understanding how we live. It argues that values permeate everything: our descriptions of the world, the attempts we make at creating better futures and our relations with other people. Praise for On Learning 'Provides a nuanced and layered understanding of the complex concept and practice of learning to students and researchers.' Educational Review

Beschreibung: Fabricate 2024: Creating Resourceful Futures is the fifth volume in the series of Fabricate publications. The first conference – ‘Making Digital Architecture’ – explored the ways in which technology, design and industry are shaping the world around us. Since then, we have become finely attuned to the negative impacts of this shaping. The 2024 conference, hosted in Copenhagen, sets focus on the pressing need to develop new models for architectural production that rethink how resource is deployed, its intensity, its socio-ecological origins and sensitivity to environment. This book features the work of designers, engineers and makers operating within the built environment. It documents disruptive approaches that reconsider how fabrication can be leveraged to address our collective and entangled challenges of resource scarcity, climate emergency and burgeoning demand. Exploring case studies of completed buildings and works-in-progress, together with interviews with leading thinkers, this edition of Fabricate offers a plurality of tangible models for design and production that set a creative and responsible course towards resourceful futures.

Beschreibung: Software applications have taken over our lives. We use and are used by software many times a day. Nevertheless, we know very little about the invisibly ubiquitous workers who write software. Who are they and how do they perceive their own practice? How does that shape the ways in which they collaborate to build the myriad of apps that we use every day? Coderspeak provides a critical approach to the digital transformation of our world through an engaging and thoughtful analysis of the people who write software. It is a focused and in-depth look at one programming language and its community – Ruby - based on ethnographic research at a London company and conversations with members of the wider Ruby community in Europe, the Americas and Japan. This book shows that the place people write code, the language they write it in and the stories shared by that community are crucial in questioning and unpacking what it means to be a ‘coder’. Understanding this social group is essential if we are to grasp a future (and a present) in which computer programming increasingly dominates our lives. Praise for Coderspeak 'Heurich perfectly captures the generous camaraderie, quirky spirit and intellectual curiosity at the heart of the Ruby world. Packed with tidbits of Ruby history, code snippets, and fascinating conversations, this book has something to teach every Rubyist.' Jemma Issroff, Ruby Core Team

Beschreibung: What is it like to go blind? 350 million people around the world live with severe vision impairment, ranging from those who can see a couple of letters on a sight chart to those who perceive no light at all. In this book we meet some of them, including artists, poets, scientists, architects, politicians, broadcasters and musicians. Together, we discuss every stage of life with vision impairment – from childhood and education to dating, employment and ageing – as well as the portrayal of blind people in literature and film, the use of technology by people with vision impairment, and the psychological effects of losing vision. Vision Impairment also reviews the major causes of sight loss today and shows the effect of these diseases on visual function. It surveys new and emerging treatments for serious eye diseases and explores what it is like to have vision restored after decades of being blind. Based on Michael Crossland’s extensive work in children’s and adults’ low vision clinics, and his 20 years of research into vision impairment, the book blends individual stories, key research findings and the most recent scientific discoveries to present an informative yet optimistic overview of living with sight loss. Praise for Vision Impairment ‘The key strength of this book is how scientific concepts around ophthalmology, vision science and sight loss are brought to life by letting patients explain what these concepts mean to them. This is not a book that has been written “about” patients; it has been written “with” them. In this sense, it is very much original, and I enjoyed reading it tremendously.’ Keziah Latham, Anglia Ruskin University

Beschreibung: This introductory textbook provides an essential interdisciplinary guide to waste management and circular economy. It helps students to understand the drivers of waste, the environmental, social, and economic impacts of waste generation, and best practices and technologies for waste management, recycling, energy recovery and disposal. With helpful, full-colour diagrams throughout, each chapter includes learning objectives, introduction to concepts and themes, exercises and review sections, to guide students through the book. The textbook is ideal for teaching environmental engineering and science, as well as interdisciplinary environmental programmes. Praise for An Introduction to Waste Management and Circular Economy 'This textbook is a key resource for those studying and working in the waste & resource management sector. Improving waste management has potential to significantly reduce GHG emissions and its impact on the climate crisis. The accessible, student-focused approach within this book makes a valuable contribution to understanding this area and I strongly recommend it.' Phil Longhurst, Professor of Environment and Energy Technology, Cranfield University. 'Waste management and the circular economy are incredibly complex issues, but this textbook breaks them down into easy-to-understand sections, whatever your level of expertise. The use of exercises, illustrations, and examples together with the clarity of the writing mean that you can go from novice to knowledgeable in one book. All the key factors such as material lifecycles, legislation and practice are considered, making this a comprehensive guide to everything you need to know about this topic and what we need to do to help save our planet.' Professor Margaret Bates, visiting Professor of Sustainable Wastes Management University of Northampton and past President of CIWM. 'This new textbook offers readers a comprehensive guide of how to transform waste into resources through the circular economy. I highly recommend for students learning about best practices in waste management and energy recovery.' Ming Xu, Professor of Environmental Ecology, Tsinghua University

Beschreibung: During the nineteenth century and into the early twentieth century, more Europeans visited the Middle East than ever before, as tourists, archaeologists, pilgrims, settler-colonists and soldiers. These visitors engaged with the Arabic language to differing degrees. While some were serious scholars of Classical Arabic, in the Orientalist mould, many did not learn the language at all. Between these two extremes lies a neglected group of language learners who wanted to learn enough everyday colloquial Arabic to get by. The needs of these learners were met by popular language books, which boasted that they could provide an easy route to fluency in a difficult language. Arabic Dialogues explores the motivations of Arabic learners and effectiveness of instructional materials, principally in Egypt and Palestine, by analysing a corpus of Arabic phrasebooks published in nine languages (English, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Yiddish, Hebrew, Russian) and in the territory of twenty-five modern countries. Beginning with Napoleon’s Expédition d’Égypte (1798–1801), it moves through the periods of mass tourism and European colonialism in the Middle East, concluding with the Second World War. The book also considers how Arab intellectuals understood the project of teaching Arabic to foreigners, the remarkable history of Arabic-learning among Yiddish- and Hebrew-speaking immigrants in Palestine, and the networks of language learners, teachers and plagiarists who produced these phrasebooks.

Beschreibung: Why are even progressive local authorities with the ‘will to improve’ seldom able to change cities? Why does it seem almost impossible to redress spatial inequalities, deliver and maintain basic services, elevate impoverished areas and protect the marginalised communities? Why do municipalities in the Global South refuse to work with prevailing social informalities, and resort instead to interventions that are known to displace and aggravate the very issues they aim to address? Local Officials and the Struggle to Transform Cities analyses these challenges in South African cities, where the brief post-apartheid moment opened a window for progressive city government and made research into state practices both possible and necessary. In debate with other ‘progressive moments’ in large cities in Brazil, the USA and India, the book interrogates City officials’ practices. It considers the instruments they invent and negotiate to implement urban policies, the agency they develop and the constraints they navigate in governing unequal cities. This focus on actual officials’ practices is captured through first-hand experience, state ethnographies and engaged research. These reveal day-to-day practice that question generalised explanations of state failure in complex urban societies as essential malevolence, contextual weakness, corruption and inefficiency. It is hoped that opening the black box of the workings of state opens paths for the construction of progressive policies in contemporary cities.

Beschreibung: Selected Essays and Dialogues is a collection of translations of Italian writer and filmmaker Gianni Celati’s theoretical and musing work from the late 1960s to the present. Topics range from environmental perception and archaeological conceptions of historical knowledge, to street theatre, writing, photography, cinema and translation. The book provides a framework of key literary, theoretical and artistic movements of the last 50 years, as well as a guide for English-language readers to place Celati’s work in historical, cultural and biographical context, serving to illuminate his books available in English, namely Towards the River’s Mouth, Adventures in Africa, Voices from the Plains and Appearances. There are various paths to take, tempting readers to wander and become lost in webs of daring thought, drawn ever on by Celati’s fondness for the unexpected ordinary and his bonhomie with others. Indeed, a genial adventurousness can be found within all of Celati’s writings collected here, driven by an affectionate and light-hearted engagement with the surrounding world. Herein is a taste of a seemingly endless series of adventures of the mind and body, always tapped into a lithe sensitivity for an encompassing collective imagination not restricted to the so-called high arts or letters, but very much also engaged with the everyday lives, places and tales we all constantly share. Praise for Selected Essays and Dialogues by Gianni Celati ‘Barron’s volume is a very welcome addition to the field. As the first collection of Gianni Celati’s essays in English translation, the book makes accessible a wide selection of his critical work to an Anglophone audience.’ Marina Spunta, University of Leicester

Beschreibung: Materialising the Roman Empire defines an innovative research agenda for Roman archaeology, highlighting the diverse ways in which the Empire was made materially tangible in the lives of its inhabitants. The volume explores how material culture was integral to the processes of imperialism, both as the Empire grew, and as it fragmented, and in doing so provides up-to-date overviews of major topics in Roman archaeology. Each chapter offers a critical overview of a major field within the archaeology of the Roman Empire. The book’s authors explore the distinctive contribution that archaeology and the study of material culture can make to our understanding of the key institutions and fields of activity in the Roman Empire. The initial chapters address major technologies which, at first glance, appear to be mechanisms of integration across the Roman Empire: roads, writing and coinage. The focus then shifts to analysis of key social structures oriented around material forms and activities found all over the Roman world, such as trade, urbanism, slavery, craft production and frontiers. Finally, the book extends to more abstract dimensions of the Roman world: art, empire, religion and ideology, in which the significant themes remain the dynamics of power and influence. The whole builds towards a broad exploration of the nature of imperial power and the inter-connections that stimulated new community identities and created new social divisions.

Beschreibung: The Malian market at the railway terminus in Dakar was bulldozed in 2009 and, following privatisation of the railway, passenger services in Senegal soon ceased altogether. The consequences were felt especially by women traders who had travelled the line since its inauguration, making the terminus in Dakar the centre of a thriving network of traders and migrants. To examine the fates of those whose livelihoods were destroyed or disrupted, Gunvor Jónsson spent a year with the women evicted from the terminus. Urban Displacement and Trade in a Senegalese Market explores what happens at ‘the end’ of urban displacement, when it is all over, so to speak – when the dust has settled and people find themselves scattered in sometimes unfamiliar surroundings, trying to pick up the pieces and create something meaningful. This book argues that rupture and ensuing displacement do not produce a clean slate where identities, networks and histories must be produced from scratch. Traders and their markets do not simply vanish into thin air when they are evicted. The book examines not only what is lost but what emerges when a dense node, such as the terminus, is dissolved and fragmented. The ethnography of the traders reveals that the aftermath of eviction in cities may lead to diasporic forms of consciousness and identity formations. Displacement, whether on a local or global scale, demands difficult adjustments and people’s capacities to adapt to new circumstances and environments vary. This book uncovers some of these different capacities and variations in traders’ reactions to displacement. Praise for Urban Displacement and Trade in a Senegalese Market Jónsson's book is a masterful study of the aftermath of displacement in a major African city. Through deep ethnographic engagement, the book shows how displacement is about more than leaving a place; it is also about how people rebuild livelihoods, and how the space left behind continues to haunt their imagination of a meaningful life. -Hélène Neveu Kringelbach, Associate Professor of African Anthropology, University College London This book is an inspiring tribute to the Malian women traders of Senegal. ‘Emptied out’ from their old market stalls by a vainglorious development scheme, they bravely regrouped to recover their livelihoods and protect their families. Gunvor Jónsson challenges the idea that displacement only involves refugees. Instead, she creatively marries studies of migration and urbanization, providing fresh insights to both fields. --Robin Cohen, Professor Emeritus, University of Oxford

Beschreibung: Creativity has become a buzzword across all disciplines in education and across all phases, from early years through to tertiary education. Although the meaning of creativity can change vastly depending on the global educational setting, it is impossible to ignore the applicability and relevance of creativity as an educational tool, philosophical framework and pedagogical approach. Through case studies of creativity in varying settings and diverse contexts, this collection explores the ground-breaking work undertaken internationally to support, develop and future-proof learners with, and for, creativity. The chapters are centred around a practice based enquiry or other forms of empirical research. This provides the scholarly basis upon which creativity is continuously reconceptualised and redefined in the educational and country-specific context of each study. Contributors from different countries then provide critical, reflective and analytical responses to each chapter. These conversational responses focus further on international education perspectives and provide a dialogue for educators into how methods and approaches can be transferred, translated and contextually mediated for different environments. Through the case studies and responses, Creativity in Education provides practical insights for application in a wide range of educational settings and contexts, such as the use of art exhibitions and object-work, as well as more philosophical approaches to teacher education, leadership for learning and creativity as a universal phenomenon.

Beschreibung: Urban Informality and the Built Environment demonstrates the value of greater and more diverse forms of engagement of built environment disciplines in what constitutes urban informality and its politics. It brings a multi-disciplinary approach to the study of informality and the built environment in diverse contexts, drawing on recent research by architects, planners, political scientists, geographers and urban theorists. The book presents different case studies from multiple geographies, drawing attention to the need for studying urban informality in the Global North and Global South. The cases promote a cross-fertilization between disciplines, lenses, geographies and methodologies. They range from the creative place-making of street artists in Accra, to the morphological evolution of urban Tirana, urban agriculture in la Habana and social reproduction in Greece. Additional contributions highlight the cross-cutting themes of infrastructure, exchange and image. Urban Informality and the Built Environment introduces built environment disciplines to its constitutive roles in producing urban informality. It also tests a range of new methodologies to the study of urban informality, demonstrating the possibilities for new insights when building on the relational understanding of urban informality.

Beschreibung: Application of scientific findings to effective practice and informed policymaking is an aspiration for much research in the biomedical, behavioural, and developmental sciences. But too often translations of science to practice are conceptually narrow, ethically underspecified, and developed quickly as salves to an urgent problem. For developmental science, widely implemented parenting interventions are prime examples of technical translations from knowledge about the causes of children’s mental distress. Aiming to support family relationships and facilitate adaptive child development, these programmes are rushed through when the scientific findings on which they are based remain contested and without ethical grounding of their aims. In Matters of Significance, Marinus van IJzendoorn and Marian Bakermans-Kranenburg draw on 40 years of experience with theoretical, empirical, meta-analytic, and translational work in child development research to highlight the complex relations between replication, translation, and academic freedom. They argue that challenging fake facts promulgated by under-replicated and under-powered studies is a critical type of translation beyond technical applications. Such challenges can, in the highlighted field of attachment and emotion regulation research, bust popular myths about the decisive role of genes, hormones, or the brain on parenting and child development, with a balancing impact for practice and policymaking. The authors argue that academic freedom from interference by pressure groups, stakeholders, funders, or university administrators in the core stages of research is a necessary but besieged condition for adversarial research and myth busting. Praise for Matters of Significance ‘This thoughtful volume is an accessible overview of the authors’ field-shaping collaborative research on attachment and an indispensable primer on differentiating between sense and nonsense in the service of producing cumulative developmental science and ethically translating its core insights.’ Glenn I. Roisman, University of Minnesota ‘The truly original arguments presented in Matters of Significance go beyond attachment, as they concern the nature of developmental science and its relation to ethical, cultural, legal, and political issues.’ Jay Belsky, University of California, Davis

Beschreibung: ‘Am I Less British?’ focuses on the children of refugees and immigrants in North London, whose parents migrated from Turkey. Providing a rich ethnography of the lives of the children, the book studies their sense of identity, belonging and their transnational experiences. It aims to understand how the children position themselves within a range of locations (London, North London and Turkey), where they face class hierarchy, racism and discrimination, and explores how they think about their sense of belonging within the contemporary political context in Britain and Turkey. De-identifying themselves from national identities and holding onto the oppressed identities appear as new forms of resistance in response to racism and exclusion. The experiences of the young people reflect the complexity of their lives in changing political and social circumstances across the borders of nation-states, and the importance of other categories of identity, including local identities. Overall, the book argues that the intersections of local, national and transnational approaches, the political context through which the lives of young people are framed, and their sophisticated engagement with ideas of race, class, ethnicity and gender, are crucial in understanding their identity formation. Praise for 'Am I Less British?' ‘This is a nuanced and deeply researched study of the changing meaning of identity, citizenship and belonging in today’s Britain. Drawing on her research in London among the children of Turkish migrants and Kurdish refugees, Şimşek makes an important intervention in the conversations on Britishness that are helping to shape our society.' John Solomos, University of Warwick "Am I Less British?" is a beautifully crafted ethnography of young Londoners whose parents are Kurdish and Turkish. Their voices sing out from its pages and question what it means to be British and the exclusions that block an equal access to belonging and full citizenship. A brilliant, stunning and urgent analysis of young multicultural lives.' Les Back, University of Glasgow ‘This is a wonderful addition to our understanding of conviviality in a postcolonial city. Here we learn from new generations of Londoners as they contend with what it means to feel at home, in any place, at any time.’ Vron Ware, author of Who Cares about Britishness? (2007)

Beschreibung: From Shakespeare to Autofiction focuses on salient features of authorship throughout modernity, ranging from transformations of oral tradition and the roles of empirical authors, through collaborative authorship and authorship as ‘cultural capital’, to the shifting roles of authors in recent autofiction and biofiction. In response to Roland Barthes’ ‘removal of the Author’ and its substitution by Michel Foucault’s ‘author function’, different historical forms of modern authorship are approached as ‘multiplicities’ integrated by agency, performativity and intensity in the theories of Pierre Bourdieu, Wolfgang Iser, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. The book also reassesses recent debates of authorship in European and Latin American literatures. It demonstrates that the outcomes of these debates need wider theoretical and methodological reflection that takes into account the historical development of authorship and changing understandings of fiction, performativity and new media. Individual chapters trace significant moments in the history of authorship from the early modernity to the present (from Shakespeare’s First Folio to Latin American experimental autofiction), and discuss the methodologies reinstating the author and authorship as the irreducible aspects of literary process. Praise for From Shakespeare to Autofiction 'In this collection a multicultural group of literary scholars analyse a rich array of authorship types and models across four centuries. After decades of liquid poststructuralist concepts, it is refreshing and inspiring to think through such diversity of authorship strategies – from oral culture, through sociological constructs, to self-referential and autobiographical ontological games that writers play with us, their readers.' Pavel Drábek, University of Hull

Beschreibung: For a post-human hitchhiker, human life – with its anxiety, ageing, illness and constant need for problem-solving – may look unviable. Yet, for humans, the life struggle is softened by human touch, human emotion and human cooperation. The Global Encyclopaedia of Informality, Volume 3 continues the journey of the two previous volumes into the world’s open secrets, unwritten rules and hidden practices. It focuses on issues of emotional ambivalence and pressures of the digital age. The informal practices presented in this volume demonstrate the urgency of alleviating tensions between continuity and all-too-rapid change and the need to tackle the central problem of modern societies – uncertainty. The volume takes a reader on a ‘biographical’ journey through elusive, taken-for-granted or banal ways of getting things done from over 70 countries and world regions. It offers innovative understanding of the significance of fringes, and challenges the assumption that informality is associated exclusively with poverty, underdevelopment, the Global South, oppressive regimes or the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. It also maps the patterns of informality around the globe; identifies specific informal practices in a context-sensitive way; and documents their ambivalent impact on people engaged in problem-solving, on societies in which these problems arise, and on humanity overall. Praise for The Global Encyclopaedia of Informality, Volume 3 ‘This book tells a story of human cooperation. It is not the narrative you’ll find in books teaching you how to solve problems. It is an assemblage of something much more endemic, fundamentally human, and much more pervasive than we tend to think of informality. It involves money and power, but also the alternative currencies of gaining advantage or gaming the system.’ Bruce Schneier, author of A Hacker's Mind ‘Alena Ledeneva’s latest database of rule bending is a goldmine for documentary makers and storytellers. Entries from 70 countries, covering a human lifespan from Chinese “anchor babies” to funeral feasts in Azerbaijan, offer remarkable insights into the way the world really works.’ Lucy Ash, journalist

Beschreibung: Drawing on new research from the ERC project ‘Developing Theatre’, this collection presents innovative institutional approaches to the theatre historiography of the Global South since 1945. Covering perspectives from Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Latin America and Eastern Europe, the chapters explore how US philanthropy, international organisations and pan-African festivals all contributed to the globalisation and institutionalisation of the performing arts in the Global South. During the Cultural Cold War, the Global North intervened in and promoted forms of cultural infrastructure that were deemed adaptable to any environment. This form of technopolitics impacted the construction of national theatres, the introduction of new pedagogical tools and the invention of the workshop as a format. The networks of 'experts; responsible for this foreground seminal figures, both celebrated (Augusto Boal, Efua Sutherland) but also lesser known (Albert Botbol, Severino Montano, Metin And), who contributed to the worldwide theatrical epistemic community of the postwar years. Developing Theatre in the Global South investigates the institutional factors that led to the emergence of professional theatre in the postwar period throughout the decolonising world. The book’s institutional and transnational approach enables theatre studies to overcome its still strong national and local focus on plays and productions, and connect it to current discourses in transnational and global history.

Beschreibung: The Correspondence of Jeremy Bentham, Volume 13 contains authoritative and fully annotated texts of all known and publishable letters sent both to and from Bentham between 1 July 1828 and his death on 6 June 1832. In addition to 474 letters, the volume contains three memorandums concerning Bentham’s health shortly before his death, his Last Will and Testament, and extracts from both the Autobiography and the manuscript diaries of Bentham’s nephew George. Of the letters that have been previously published, most are drawn from the edition of The Works of Jeremy Bentham, prepared under the superintendence of Bentham’s literary executor John Bowring. A small number of letters have been reproduced from newspapers and periodicals. This volume publishes for the first time all the extant correspondence between Bentham and Daniel O’Connell, the Irish Liberator. Other new acquaintances included Charles Sinclair Cullen, barrister and law reformer, and John Tyrrell, the Real Property Commissioner. Throughout the period, Bentham maintained regular contact with old friends and connections, but he also entered into sporadic correspondence with such leading figures in government as the Duke of Wellington, Robert Peel and Henry Brougham. Further afield, Bentham corresponded, amongst others, with the Marquis de La Fayette in France, Edward Livingston in the United States of America and José del Valle in Guatemala.

Beschreibung: Coercion and Wage Labour presents novel histories of people who experienced physical, social, political or cultural compulsion in the course of paid work. Broad in scope, the chapters examine diverse areas of work including textile production, war industries, civil service and domestic labour, in contexts from the Middle Ages to the present day. They demonstrate that wages have consistently shaped working people’s experiences, and failed to protect workers from coercion. Instead, wages emerge as versatile tools to bind, control, and exploit workers. Remuneration mirrors the distribution of power in labour relations, often separating employers physically and emotionally from their employees, and disguising coercion. The book makes historical narratives accessible for interdisciplinary audiences. Most chapters are preceded by illustrations by artists invited to visually conceptualise the book’s key messages and to emphasise the presence of the body and landscape in the realm of work. In turn, the chapter texts reflect back on the artworks, creating an intense intermedial dialogue that offers mutually relational ‘translations’ and narrations of labour coercion. Other contributions written by art scholars discuss how coercion in remunerated labour is constructed and reflected in artistic practice. The collection serves as an innovative and creative tool for teaching, and raises awareness that narrating history is always contingent on the medium chosen and its inherent constraints and possibilities. Praise for Coercion and Wage Labour This is a pioneering volume. It makes a well-founded break with the widespread misconception that wage labour is by definition free from coercion. The 14 historical case studies cover a vast geographical area and review a long time period. Together, they lead to the conclusion that wage labourers too were subject to many forms of coercion and that usually their “freedom” was and is only relative. But something else makes this book special: throughout the text there are artistic illustrations that enter into a dialogue with the individual chapters and create an inspiring interaction that complements the volume’s interdisciplinary nature.' Marcel van der Linden, International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam

Beschreibung: With the ongoing deployment of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) ground stations and the modernization of satellite signal systems, the utilization of various augmentation technologies enables the realization of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) in real-time. Augmentation technology, which introduces precise atmospheric and signal-related delays, has become an essential component of high-precision real-time services and is attracting growing interest in scientific research, disaster monitoring, autopilot, etc. Previous studies have dedicated significant efforts to enhance the generation and dissemination of augmentation information on the service side and improve real-time positioning algorithms on the user side. The real-time atmosphere augmentation information with sufficient accuracy and proper constraint, and reliable Ambiguity Resolution (AR) for this purpose is the main focus of current GNSS research. However, these efforts have primarily been concentrated on small or medium-sized regions with the capability for transmitting massive data volumes. Alternatively, they have focused on larger areas, but with slow convergence due to the imprecise nature of atmosphere information. To address the challenge posed by the trade-offs among service area size, correction volume, and the precision of represented correction, a new augmentation strategy is proposed. This approach integrates the advantages of atmospheric delay fitting models, unmodeled residuals, and uncertainty information to achieve rapid and high-precision positioning, all while reducing data transmission volume for larger areas. It also allows users to implement different positioning modes depending on their communication capacity. Additionally, all deviations among different types of receivers and satellite signals are calibrated in this study for reliable AR can be achieved on all reference stations. The main contribution of this thesis is summarized as follows. With the real-time precise orbit, clock, and Uncalibrated Phase Delay (UPD) products, precise atmospheric delay corrections relying on reliable AR can be derived for large-areas augmentation services. To address the challenge of achieving reliable AR across different receiver types and various satellite signals, this thesis proposes a comprehensive method for calibrating receiver-type-related satellite-specific deviations and analyzes the impact of satellite signal bias corrections in data processing. The primary objective is to enhance the reliability of AR, enabling the utilization of all available signals and receiver types in large-area services. Subsequently, new tropospheric and ionospheric delay fitting models applied for large-area are carried out according to the properties of their propagation paths. In addition, the corresponding atmospheric delay uncertainty for large areas is introduced based on the fitting residuals. Finally, a hierarchical mode is developed for augmentation services, leveraging the advantages of the fitting model and uncertainty grid to reduce data volume and incorporating regional fitting residuals using the interpolation model and ionospheric delay error function, depending on the network capability. Based on hierarchical augmentation, positioning in large areas can not only achieve rapid/instantaneous high-precision convergence but also overcome the conflict among correction volume, represented precision, and coverage size. In order to derive precise atmospheric delay and accelerate positioning, implementing reliable and robust AR across all types of receivers and satellite signals is essential. It also demonstrates and discusses the advantages of calibrating satellite-signal and receiver-type-related satellite-specific deviations in AR solutions. The deviations related to receivers in terms of UPD products are assessed and calibrated, confirming that a 0.03 cycle consistency in wide lane UPD can be achieved. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated using GPS satellite signals, which can improve the AR rate by at least 10% and produce more reliable results. In addition, the impact of different signal settings and corrections on orbit, clock, and UPD generation, as well as positioning and pseudo-range signal systematic and stochastic residuals, is analyzed. These processing strategies provide flexible observation selections, allowing the utilization of all available satellite signals and receiver types, thereby enabling reliable AR and a higher fixing rate. As a result, an AR fixing rate exceeding 95% is achievable across all stations in large-area services. For precise atmospheric delay modeling over large areas, new models are proposed, including a tropospheric Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD) model and a satellite-wise ionospheric slant delay fitting model. The tropospheric delay model takes the exponential function of water vapor vertical changes into consideration, addressing model anomalies in areas with large altitude differences. The new ionospheric delay fitting model introduces the trigonometric functions to describe differences in slant path delays between the optimal reference propagation path and others, achieving superior modeling performance in large areas. The precision of the fitting model, utilizing a 200 km station-spacing network, demonstrates tropospheric ZWD and ionospheric slant delays of 1.3 cm and 8.9 cm, respectively, with smaller standard deviations. These new fitting models overcome the challenge of handling massive information for providing station-wise corrections and avoid an increase in the number of coefficients. In addition to the function model, the stochastic model, i.e., uncertainty information, is essential for describing the quality of corrections. The atmospheric delay uncertainty for the large-area fitting model is generated based on the fitting residuals and represented in forms of grid-point. Additionally, regional ionosphere unmodeled residual uncertainty is represented by the form of liner function, which is established by the relationship between distance and interpolation precision through inter-satellite cross-verification among all reference stations. The differences between uncertainty value and real delays are 2.5 cm and 0.5 cm for grid and function forms, respectively. For real-time applications in large areas, the fitting model and grid-based atmosphere uncertainty serve as the essential information, satisfying the requirement of rapid positioning. By further incorporating unmodeled residuals and ionosphere error function, a hierarchical augmentation model is provided. Based on the fitting model established for large areas, unmodeled residuals are further introduced as optional compensation for specific areas, depending on the magnitude of fitting residuals. This approach results in a 97% reduction in tropospheric delay and a 65% reduction in ionospheric delay transmission volume. Furthermore, leveraging the regional high capability of communication, 85.3% of all solutions can achieve instantaneous convergence at the first epoch with the aid of corresponding regional compensation. This thesis proposes a large areas augmentation service to overcome the conflict among correction data volume, represented precision, and coverage size. It demonstrates the benefits of an augmentation mode that integrates regional information into large-area services. Under these conditions, a more reliable and rapid AR solution can be easily achieved based on precise atmospheric delay correction and uncertainty in large areas with fewer data volume requirements. This is beneficial for actual real-time services and applications.

Beschreibung: Mit der laufenden Bereitstellung von Bodenstationen für globale Navigationssatellitensysteme (GNSS) und der Modernisierung von Satellitensignal-Systemen ermöglicht die Nutzung verschiedener Augmentationstechnologien die Realisierung der Präzisen Punkt-Positionierung (PPP) in Echtzeit. Augmentationstechnologie, die präzise atmosphärische und signalbezogene Verzögerungen einführt, ist zu einem wesentlichen Bestandteil hochpräziser Echtzeitdienste geworden und findet wachsendes Interesse in wissenschaftlicher Forschung, Katastrophenüberwachung, Autopiloten usw. Frühere Studien haben erhebliche Anstrengungen darauf verwendet, die Erzeugung und Verbreitung von Augmentationsinformationen auf der Dienstseite zu verbessern und Echtzeit-Positionierungsalgorithmen auf der Benutzerseite zu optimieren. Die Echtzeit-Atmosphärenaugmentationsinformationen mit ausreichender Genauigkeit und angemessener Einschränkung sowie zuverlässige Ambiguitätsauflösung (AR) für diesen Zweck stehen im Mittelpunkt der aktuellen GNSS-Forschung. Diese Bemühungen konzentrierten sich jedoch hauptsächlich auf kleine oder mittelgroße Regionen mit der Fähigkeit zur Übertragung großer Datenmengen. Alternativ richteten sie sich auf größere Gebiete, jedoch mit langsamer Konvergenz aufgrund der ungenauen Natur der Atmosphäreninformation. Um der Herausforderung durch die Abwägung zwischen Größe des Dienstleistungsgebiets, Korrekturvolumen und Präzision der dargestellten Korrektur zu begegnen, wird eine neue Augmentationsstrategie vorgeschlagen. Dieser Ansatz integriert die Vorteile atmosphärischer Verzögerungsanpassungsmodelle, nicht modellierter Reste und Unsicherheitsinformationen, um eine schnelle und hochpräzise Positionierung zu erreichen, und das bei gleichzeitiger Reduzierung der Datenübertragungsvolumina für größere Gebiete. Es ermöglicht den Benutzern auch, verschiedene Positionierungsmodi je nach ihrer Kommunikationskapazität zu implementieren. Zusätzlich werden in dieser Studie alle Abweichungen zwischen verschiedenen Typen von Empfängern und Satellitensignalen kalibriert, um eine zuverlässige AR an allen Referenzstationen zu erreichen. Die Hauptbeiträge dieser Arbeit werden wie folgt zusammengefasst. Mit den Echtzeit-Präzbitbahnen, Uhren und Uncalibrated Phase Delay (UPD)-Produkten können präzise atmosphärische Verzögerungskorrekturen für großflächige Augmentationsdienste abgeleitet werden, die auf zuverlässiger AR basieren. Um die Herausforderung zu bewältigen, eine zuverlässige AR über verschiedene Empfängertypen und verschiedene Satellitensignale hinweg zu erreichen, schlägt diese Arbeit eine umfassende Methode zur Kalibrierung von empfängertypbezogenen satellspezifischen Abweichungen vor und analysiert die Auswirkungen von Korrekturen für Satellitensignalverzerrungen in der Datenverarbeitung. Das Hauptziel besteht darin, die Zuverlässigkeit der AR zu verbessern und die Nutzung aller verfügbaren Signale und Empfängertypen in großflächigen Diensten zu ermöglichen. Anschließend werden neue troposphärische und ionosphärische Verzögerungsanpassungsmodelle für großflächige Anwendungen gemäß den Eigenschaften ihrer Ausbreitungspfade durchgeführt. Darüber hinaus wird die entsprechende atmosphärische Verzögerungsunsicherheit für große Gebiete auf der Grundlage der Anpassungsreste eingeführt. Schließlich wird ein hierarchischer Modus für Augmentationsdienste entwickelt, der die Vorteile des Anpassungsmodells und des Unsicherheitsgitters nutzt, um das Datenvolumen zu reduzieren und regionale Anpassungsreste unter Verwendung des Interpolationsmodells und der ionosphärischen Verzögerungsfehlerfunktion, abhängig von der Netzwerkfähigkeit, zu integrieren. Basierend auf der hierarchischen Augmentation kann die Positionierung in großen Gebieten nicht nur eine schnelle/instantane hochpräzise Konvergenz erreichen, sondern auch den Konflikt zwischen Korrekturvolumen, dargestellter Präzision und Abdeckungsgröße überwinden. Um präzise atmosphärische Verzögerungen abzuleiten und die Positionierung zu beschleunigen, ist es entscheidend, eine zuverlässige und robuste AR über alle Arten von Empfängern und Satellitensignalen zu implementieren. Es zeigt auch die Vorteile der Kalibrierung von satellitensignal- und empfängertypbezogenen satellspezifischen Abweichungen in AR-Lösungen auf. Die Abweichungen im Zusammenhang mit Empfängern in Bezug auf UPD-Produkte werden bewertet und kalibriert, wobei bestätigt wird, dass eine Konsistenz von 0,03 Zyklen bei Wide-Lane-UPD erreicht werden kann. Die Wirksamkeit des vorgeschlagenen Ansatzes wird unter Verwendung von GPS-Satellitensignalen demonstriert, die die AR-Rate um mindestens 10% verbessern und zu zuverlässigeren Ergebnissen führen können. Darüber hinaus wird der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Signalparameter und Korrekturen auf die Erzeugung von Orbit, Uhr und UPD sowie auf die Positionierung und systematische und stochastische Reste der Pseudo-Range-Signale analysiert. Diese Verarbeitungsstrategien bieten flexible Auswahlmöglichkeiten bei der Beobachtung und ermöglichen die Nutzung aller verfügbaren Satellitensignale und Empfängertypen, wodurch eine zuverlässige AR und eine höhere Fixierungsrate ermöglicht wird. Als Ergebnis ist eine AR-Fixierungsrate von über 95% bei allen Stationen in großflächigen Diensten erreichbar. Für eine präzise Modellierung atmosphärischer Verzögerungen über großen Gebieten werden neue Modelle vorgeschlagen, darunter ein troposphärisches Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD)-Modell und ein satellitenweises ionosphärisches Schrägverzögerungsanpassungsmodell. Das troposphärische Verzögerungsmodell berücksichtigt die exponentielle Funktion der vertikalen Änderungen des Wasserdampfs und behebt Modellanomalien in Gebieten mit großen Höhendifferenzen. Das neue ionosphärische Verzögerungsanpassungsmodell verwendet trigonometrische Funktionen, um Unterschiede in den Schrägpfadverzögerungen zwischen dem optimalen Referenzausbreitungspfad und anderen zu beschreiben und erreicht so eine überlegene Modellierungsleistung in großen Gebieten. Die Präzision des Anpassungsmodells, unter Verwendung eines 200 km-Stationen-Netzwerks, zeigt troposphärische ZWD- und ionosphärische Schrägverzögerungen von jeweils 1,3 cm und 8,9 cm mit kleineren Standardabweichungen. Diese neuen Anpassungsmodelle überwinden die Herausforderung, massive Informationen für die Bereitstellung stationsspezifischer Korrekturen zu verarbeiten, und vermeiden eine Zunahme der Anzahl der Koeffizienten. Neben dem Funktionsmodell ist das stochastische Modell, d. h. Unsicherheitsinformationen, entscheidend für die Beschreibung der Qualität der Korrekturen. Die Unsicherheit der atmosphärischen Verzögerung für das großflächige Anpassungsmodell wird auf der Grundlage der Anpassungsreste generiert und in Form von Gitterpunkten dargestellt. Zusätzlich wird die regionale ionosphärische nicht modellierte Restunsicherheit durch die Form einer linearen Funktion repräsentiert, die durch die Beziehung zwischen Entfernung und Interpolationsgenauigkeit durch inter-satellitenkreuz-Verifikation zwischen allen Referenzstationen etabliert wird. Die Unterschiede zwischen Unsicherheitswert und realen Verzögerungen betragen 2,5 cm bzw. 0,5 cm für Gitter- und Funktionsformen. Für Echtzeitanwendungen in großen Gebieten dienen das Anpassungsmodell und die gitterbasierte Atmosphärenunsicherheit als wesentliche Informationen, die die Anforderungen an schnelle Positionierung erfüllen. Durch die weitere Integration von nicht modellierten Resten und Ionosphärenfehlerfunktion wird ein hierarchisches Augmentationsmodell bereitgestellt. Basierend auf dem für große Gebiete etablierten Anpassungsmodell werden nicht modellierte Reste zusätzlich als optionale Kompensation für spezifische Bereiche eingeführt, abhängig von der Größenordnung der Anpassungsreste. Dieser Ansatz führt zu einer Reduktion von 97% der troposphärischen Verzögerung und einer Reduktion von 65% des ionosphärischen Verzögerungsvolumens. Darüber hinaus können unter Nutzung der regionalen hohen Kommunikationsfähigkeit 85,3% aller Lösungen mit Hilfe entsprechender regionaler Kompensation eine sofortige Konvergenz beim ersten Epochenzeitpunkt erreichen. Diese Dissertation schlägt einen großflächigen Augmentationsdienst vor, um den Konflikt zwischen Korrekturvolumen, dargestellter Präzision und Abdeckungsgröße zu überwinden. Sie zeigt die Vorteile eines Augmentationsmodus, der regionale Informationen in großflächige Dienste integriert. Unter diesen Bedingungen kann eine zuverlässigere und schnellere AR-Lösung basierend auf präziser atmosphärischer Verzögerungskorrektur und Unsicherheit in großen Gebieten mit geringeren Anforderungen an das Datenvolumen leicht erreicht werden. Dies ist vorteilhaft für tatsächliche Echtzeitdienste und Anwendungen.

Beschreibung: Present day system Earth research utilizes the tool ‘Scientific Drilling’ to access samples and to monitor deep Earth processes that cannot be tackled by other scientific means. Unlike most laboratory experiments or computer modelling, drilling projects are massive field endeavours requiring intense collaboration of researchers with engineers and service providers. In the framework of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program, ICDP, more than seventy drilling projects have been conducted, from multiyear big research programs to short, smallscale deployments such as lake drilling projects. ICDP has supported these projects not only through grants covering field-related costs, but also through a variety of scientific-technical services and support, as well as active help in data management, outreach and publication. These services are described in this booklet. Due to its instructional character, we call it the ICDP Primer.

Beschreibung: This timely volume responds to the epic impacts of cancer as a global phenomenon. Through the fine-grained lens of ethnography, the contributors present new thinking on how social, economic, race, gender and other structural inequalities intersect, compound and complicate health inequalities. Cancer experiences and impacts are explored across eleven countries: Argentina, Brazil, Denmark, France, Greece, India, Indonesia, Italy, Senegal, the United Kingdom and the United States. The volume engages with specific cancers from the point of primary prevention, to screening, diagnosis, treatment (or its absence), and end-of-life care. Cancer and the Politics of Care traverses new theoretical terrain through explicitly critiquing cancer interventions, their limitations and success, the politics that drive them, and their embeddedness in local cultures and value systems. It extends prior work on cancer, by incorporating the perspectives of patients and their families, ‘at risk’ groups and communities, health professionals, cancer advocates and educators, and patient navigators. The volume advances cross-cultural understandings of care, resisting simple dichotomies between caregiving and receiving, and reveals the fraught ethics of care that must be negotiated in resource-poor settings and stratified health systems. Its diversity and innovation ensures its wide utility among those working in and studying medical anthropology, social anthropology and other fields at the intersections of social science, medicine and health equity.

Beschreibung: The museum of the East India Company formed, for a large part of the nineteenth century, one of the sights of London. In recent years, little has been remembered of it beyond its mere existence, while an assumed negative role has been widely attributed to it on the basis of its position at the heart of one of Britain’s arch-colonialist enterprises. Extensively illustrated, The India Museum Revisited provides a full examination of the museum’s founding manifesto and evolving ambitions. It surveys the contents of its multi-faceted collections – with respect to materials, their manufacture and original functions on the Indian sub-continent – as well as the collectors who gathered them and the manner in which they were mobilized to various ends within the museum. From this integrated treatment of documentary and material sources, a more accurate, rounded and nuanced picture emerges of an institution that contributed in major ways, over a period of 80 years, to the representation of India for a European audience, not only in Britain but through the museum’s involvement in the international exposition movement to audiences on the continent and beyond.

Beschreibung: Drawing extensively on the expertise of teachers of German in universities across the UK, this volume offers an overview of recent trends, new pedagogical approaches and practical guidance for teaching at beginners level in the higher education classroom. At a time when entries for UK school exams in modern foreign languages are decreasing, this book serves the urgent need for research and guidance on ab initio learning and teaching in HE. Using the example of teaching German, it offers theoretical reflections on teaching ab initio and practice-oriented approaches that will be useful for teachers of both German and other languages in higher education. The first chapters assess the role of ab initio provision within the wider context of modern languages departments and language centres. They are followed by sections on teaching methods and innovative approaches in the ab initio classroom that include chapters on the use of music, textbook evaluation, the effective use of a flipped classroom and the contribution of language apps. Finally, the book focuses on the learner in the ab initio context and explores issues around autonomy and learner strengths. The whole builds into a theoretically grounded guide that sketches out perspectives for teaching and learning ab initio languages that will benefit current and future generations of students.

Beschreibung: New Directions in Private Law Theory brings together some of the best new work on private law theory, reflecting the breadth of this increasingly important field. The contributions interrogate a wide range of topics including aspects of private law doctrine, its development, ordering and application. The authors adopt a variety of different approaches and contribute to ongoing and important debates about the moral foundations of private law, the individuation of areas of private law and the connections between private law and everyday moral experience. Questions addressed include: Does the diversity identified amongst claims in unjust enrichment mean that the category is incoherent? Are claims in tort law always about compensating for wrongs? How should we understand parties’ agreement in contract? The contributions shed new light on these and other topics, and the ways in which they intersect and open up new lines of scholarly enquiry. The book will be of interest to researchers working in private law and legal theory, but it will also appeal to those outside of law, most notably researchers with an interest in moral and political philosophy, economics and history.

Beschreibung: If we want to understand contemporary China, the key is through understanding the older generation. This is the generation in China whose life courses almost perfectly synchronised with the emergence and growth of the ‘New China’ under the rule of the Communist Party (1949). People in their 70s and 80s have double the life expectancy of their parents’ generation. The current oldest generation in Shanghai was born in a time when the average household could not afford electric lights, but today they can turn their lights off via their smartphone apps. Based on 16-month ethnographic fieldwork in Shanghai, Ageing with Smartphones in Urban China tackles the intersection between the ‘two revolutions’ experienced by the older generation in Shanghai: the contemporary smartphone-based digital revolution and the earlier communist revolutions. We find that we can only explain the smartphone revolution if we first appreciate the long-term consequences of these people’s experiences during the communist revolutions. The context of this book is a wide range of dramatic social transformations in China, from the Cultural Revolution to the individualism and Confucianism in Digital China. Supported by detailed ethnographic material, the observations and analyses provide a panoramic view of the social landscape of contemporary China, including topics such as the digital and everyday life, ageing and healthcare, intergenerational relations and family development, community building and grassroots organizations, collective memories and political attitudes among ordinary Chinese people.

Beschreibung: In an age where history is a global battleground and fake news proliferates, culture wars are being waged across India over its future – majoritarian or inclusive, neoliberal or socialist, religious or secular? Fake Gods and False History takes us to the BDD Chawls, a central Mumbai neighbourhood of tenement blocks (chawls) on the brink of a controversial redevelopment. It reveals how contested narratives of Indian history play out in the daily life of this divided neighbourhood and how the legacies of certain godlike but very human historical figures, such as Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar and Chhatrapati Shivaji, are invoked by different communities. Jonathan Galton draws on research conducted among the formerly untouchable Dalit Buddhist community, who are staunchly opposed to the redevelopment plans and deeply critical of the religious nationalism they perceive in their Hindu neighbours. We also meet young male migrants living in village-linked dormitory rooms called Gramastha Mandals, trapped in a liminal space between urban and rural. Throughout the book, which is woven through with candid reflections on methodology and research ethics, readers are challenged into drawing connections with their own experiences of history impinging on their lives. A story that might initially seem parochial will thus resonate with a diverse global audience. Praise for Fake Gods and False History 'With the skill of an exceptional ethnographer, Galton vividly brings to life the dynamics of an entire country in the everyday life of a tenement block. Familiar clear-cut narratives on migration, politics and caste are called into question, resulting in a remarkable story that makes this book a treasure.' David Mosse, School of Oriental and African Studies 'With his empathetic, wry examination of contested pasts and anxious presents as they play out in Delisle Road's BDD Chawls, Galton allows us to imagine the contours of Mumbai's – and India's – uncertain futures. Fake Gods and False History is painstaking academic research disguised as an engaging collection of city stories.' Naresh Fernandes, Founder and Editor, Scroll.in

Beschreibung: This is a philosophical work that develops a general theory of ontological objects and object-relations. It does this by examining concepts as acquired dispositions, and then focuses on perhaps the most important of these: the concept of learning. This concept is important because everything that we know and do in the world is predicated on a prior act of learning. A concept can have many meanings and can be used in a number of different ways, and this creates difficulty when considering the nature of objects and the relationships between them. To enable this, David Scott answers a series of questions about concepts in general and the concept of learning in particular. Some of these questions are: What is learning? What different meanings can be given to the notion of learning? How does the concept of learning relate to other concepts, such as innatism, development and progression? The book offers a counter-argument to empiricist conceptions of learning, to the propagation of simple messages about learning, knowledge, curriculum and assessment, and to the denial that values are central to understanding how we live. It argues that values permeate everything: our descriptions of the world, the attempts we make at creating better futures and our relations with other people. Praise for On Learning 'Provides a nuanced and layered understanding of the complex concept and practice of learning to students and researchers.' Educational Review

Beschreibung: Literacy education can take place in many locations and periods across the lifespan. Literacy educators require flexibility and a deep toolbox to meet their students’ diverse needs, regardless of whether they work in traditional school and college settings or in other environments with varied populations. Teaching Literacy in Diverse Contexts showshow practical experiences can be used in creative ways to support educator development for teaching literacy in a global context. Mentorship between a developing literacy educator and an experienced teacher educator is central to the book, and to the practical experiences in training or professional development that it focuses on. Chapters share the creative solutions discovered during mentorship that supported developing literacy educators to teach with authenticity in a number of contexts, including the adult learning sector, a rural community in Africa and alongside parents of very sick children. The authors demonstrate how this can be done in a sensitive and culturally relevant manner by parents, volunteers and teachers with varying degrees of experience in both formal and informal spaces. Together, the chapters build a crucial resource for preparing a broad range of literacy educators to teach literacy in many contexts where policy on how best to teach reading and writing to diverse student bodies ebbs and flows.

Beschreibung: Revolution Beyond the Event brings together leading international anthropologists alongside emerging scholars to examine revolutionary legacies from the MENA region, Latin America and the Caribbean. It explores the idea that revolutions have varied afterlives that complicate the assumptions about their duration, pace and progression, and argues that a renewed focus on the temporality of radical politics is essential to our understanding of revolution. Approaching revolution through its relationship to time, the book is a critical intervention into attempts to define revolutions as bounded events that act as sequential transitions from one political system to another. It pursues an ethnographically driven rethinking of the temporal horizons that are at stake in revolutionary processes, arguing that linear views of revolution are inextricably tied to notions of progress and modernity. Through a careful selection of case studies, the book provides a critical perspective on the lived realities of revolutionary afterlives, challenging the liberal humanist assumptions implicit in the ‘modern’ idea of revolution, and reappraising the political agency of people caught up in revolutionary situations across a variety of ethnographic contexts.

Beschreibung: Refinement and enrichment of surfaces in stone, wood and plaster is a fundamental aspect of early modern architecture which has been marginalised by architectural history. Enriching Architecture aims to retrieve and rehabilitate surface achievement as a vital element of early modern buildings in Britain and Ireland. Rejected by modernism, demeaned by the conceptual ‘turn’ and too often reduced to its representative or social functions, we argue for the historical legitimacy of creative craft skill as a primary agent in architectural production. However, in contrast to the connoisseurial and developmental perspectives of the past, this book is concerned with how surfaces were designed, achieved and experienced. The contributors draw upon the major rethinking of craft and materials within the wider cultural sphere in recent years to deconstruct traditional, oppositional ways of thinking about architectural production. This is not a craft for craft’s sake argument but an effort to embed the tangible findings of conservation and curatorial research within an evidence-led architectural history that illuminates the processes of early modern craftsmanship. The book explores broad themes of surface treatment such as wainscot, rustication, plasterwork, and staircase embellishment together with chapters focused on virtuoso buildings and set pieces which illuminate these themes.

Beschreibung: Prosperity in the Twenty-First Century sets out a new vision for prosperity in the twenty-first century and how it can be achieved for all. The volume challenges orthodox understandings of economic models, but goes beyond contemporary debates to show how social innovation drives economic value. Drawing on substantive research in the UK, Lebanon and Kenya, it develops new concepts, frameworks, models and metrics for prosperity across a wide range of contexts, emphasising commonalities and differences. Its distinctive approach goes beyond defining and measuring prosperity – addressing the debate about the failures of GDP – to formulating and describing what is needed to make prosperity a realisable proposition for specific people living in specific locales. Departing from general propositions about post-growth to delineate pathways to prosperity, the volume emphasises that visions of the good life are diverse and require empirical work co-designed with local communities and stakeholders to drive change. It is essential reading for policymakers who are stuck, local government officers who need new tools, activists who wonder what is next, academics in need of refreshment, and students and people of all ages who want a way forward.

Beschreibung: Major Infrastructure Planning and Delivery introduces the system for planning and consenting Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (NSIPs) in England (which has also applied for some schemes in Wales). These are the major projects involving power stations and large renewable energy schemes, motorways, railways and a range of other high profile, high impact and sometimes controversial development schemes, including some closely linked to the UK’s transition to net zero. The book explains where this separate system for governing major infrastructure came from and how it operates in practice, with a particular focus on the relationship between planning, consent and delivery of these infrastructure projects. Detailed case studies of the A14 highway, Thames Tideway super sewer, Galloper offshore windfarm and Progress Power station, drawing on research by the authors, illustrate issues of the often overlooked continuing role of local government, the engagement of local communities and stakeholders, and the modification of schemes between consent and construction. At a time of ongoing government planning reform, increased concern about climate change, and still unresolved consequences of Brexit, as well as timeless debates such as over national need versus local impact, this timely book offers rich detail on the particular approach to major infrastructure planning in England, but also speaks to wider issues around the governance of development and implementation of government policy under late capitalism.

Beschreibung: On Making in the Digital Humanities fills a gap in our understanding of digital humanities projects and craft by exploring the processes of making as much as the products that arise from it. The volume draws focus to the interwoven layers of human and technological textures that constitute digital humanities scholarship. To do this, it assembles a group of well-known, experienced and emerging scholars in the digital humanities to reflect on various forms of making (we privilege here the creative and applied side of the digital humanities). The volume honours the work of John Bradley, as it is totemic of a practice of making that is deeply informed by critical perspectives. A special chapter also honours the profound contributions that this volume’s co-editor, Stéfan Sinclair, made to the creative, applied and intellectual praxis of making and the digital humanities. Stéfan Sinclair passed away on 6 August 2020. The chapters gathered here are individually important, but together provide a very human view on what it is to do the digital humanities, in the past, present and future. This book will accordingly be of interest to researchers, teachers and students of the digital humanities; creative humanities, including maker spaces and culture; information studies; the history of computing and technology; and the history of science and the humanities.

Beschreibung: For 50 years, researchers at UCL’s Thomas Coram Research Unit have been undertaking ground-breaking policy-relevant social research. Their main focus has been social issues affecting children, young people and families, and the services provided for them. Social Research for our Times brings together different generations of researchers from the Unit to share some of the most important results of their studies. Two sections focus on the main findings and conclusions from research into children and children services, and on family life, minoritised groups and gender. A third is then devoted to the innovative methods that have been developed and used to undertake research in these complex areas. Running through the book is a key strategic question: what should be the relationship between research and policy? Or put another way, what does ‘policy relevant research’ mean? This perennial question has gained new importance in the post-Covid, post-Brexit world that we have entered, making this text a timely intervention for sharing decades of experience. Taking a unique opportunity to reflect on research context as well as research findings, this book will be of interest to researchers, teachers, students and those involved in policy making both in and beyond dedicated research units, and can be read as a whole or sampled for individual standalone chapters.

Beschreibung: Few articles in the humanities have had the impact of Lisa Jardine and Anthony Grafton’s seminal ‘Studied for Action’ (1990), a study of the reading practices of Elizabethan polymath and prolific annotator Gabriel Harvey. Their excavation of the setting, methods and ambitions of Harvey’s encounters with his books ignited the History of Reading, an interdisciplinary field which quickly became one of the most exciting corners of the scholarly cosmos. A generation inspired by the model of Harvey fanned out across the world’s libraries and archives, seeking to reveal the many creative, unexpected and curious ways that individuals throughout history responded to texts, and how these interpretations in turn illuminate past worlds. Three decades on, Harvey’s example and Jardine’s work remain central to cutting-edge scholarship in the History of Reading. By uniting ‘Studied for Action’ with published and unpublished studies on Harvey by Jardine, Grafton and the scholars they have influenced, this collection provides a unique lens on the place of marginalia in textual, intellectual and cultural history. The chapters capture subsequent work on Harvey and map the fields opened by Jardine and Grafton’s original article, collectively offering a posthumous tribute to Lisa Jardine and an authoritative overview of the History of Reading.

Beschreibung: Seen through the distilling lens of the architectural model, Architecture’s Model Environments is a novel and far-reaching exploration of the many dialogues buildings have with their environmental surroundings. Expanding on histories of building technology, the book sheds new light on how physical models conventionally understood as engineering experimentation devices enable architectural design speculation. The book begins with a catalogue of ten original model prototypes – of wind tunnels, water tables and filling boxes – and is the first of its kind to establish an architectural approach to fabricating such environmental models. Subsequent chapters feature three precedent models that have been largely overlooked within the wider oeuvres of their authors: French polymath Étienne-Jules Marey’s 1900-2 wind tunnels, Hungarian-American architects Victor and Aladár Olgyay’s 1955-63 thermoheliodon, and Scottish chemist and building ventilation expert David Boswell ‘The Ventilator’ Reid’s 1844 test tube convection experiments. Moving between historic moments and the present day, between case studies and original prototypes, the book reveals the potent ability for models, as both physical artefacts and mental ideals, to reflect prevailing cultural views about the world and to even reshape those views. Fundamentally, Architecture’s Model Environments illustrates how environmental models reveal design insights across scales from the seam (that leaks) to the body (that feels) to the building (that mediates) to the world (that immerses).

Beschreibung: Climate, God and Uncertainty moves beyond Bruno Latour’s thought to understand what climate change means for philosophical anthropology and wider culture. What are, for example, the philosophical implications of climate change and its associated uncertainties? Referring mainly to works by Latour, William James and Heinrich Rickert, Petersen develops ‘transcendental naturalism’ to reinterpret the interface between science and politics in the context of climate change. He highlights, for instance, issues such as the religious disenchantment of nature, the scientific disbelief in a plurality of value-laden perspectives, and the disregard for non-modern worldviews in politics. In developing its argument, the book makes a methodological intervention on the sort of naturalism that guides both Latour’s work and a large part of the academic field called ‘science and religion’. Praise for Climate, God and Uncertainty 'The challenges of a changing climate raise disturbing questions about being human in the world, ones that cannot adequately be answered through scientific inquiry. In this original interrogation and extension of the work of Bruno Latour, Petersen constructs a philosophical position that takes seriously the realities of a changing natural world, the human search to ground our sense of value, and the possibility of God. Climate, God and Uncertainty is an exciting new addition to the small, but growing, literature on climate change, religion and philosophy.' Mike Hulme, University of Cambridge ‘This innovative and exciting work explores the rich potential of “transcendental naturalism” as a bridge between science and religion. Drawing on the work of William James, Heinrich Rickert and Bruno Latour, Petersen maps out a fresh approach that goes beyond current accounts of naturalism, opening up a deeply satisfying account of our engagement with the natural world.’ Alister McGrath, Emeritus Andreos Idreos Professor of Science and Religion, University of Oxford ‘How to live with the pervasive reality of uncertainty and a plurality of perspectives in science, religion and politics without playing down the sciences and our responsibilities? The “transcendental naturalism” Arthur Petersen articulates in this book respects science while leaving room for other elements: wonder, judgements and values, and the way we construct provisional models of reality. These issues are especially acute in the context of climate change, when we face the interplay of science and policy. Petersen stresses the importance of imagination to articulate meaning and of recognising a plurality of value-laden perspectives, striving for responsible action and sensitivity to that which may escape planning and policy. This book can be read fruitfully in at least two ways, as a highly relevant reflection on religion and science in the face of climate change and as a profound philosophical analysis of pluralism and provisionality, and hence of living with uncertainty.’ Willem B. Drees, Professor Emeritus of Philosophy of Religion and Ethics, Leiden University and of Philosophy of the Humanities, Tilburg University

Beschreibung: Gurus and Media is the first book dedicated to media and mediation in domains of public guruship and devotion. Illuminating the mediatisation of guruship and the guru-isation of media, it bridges the gap between scholarship on gurus and the disciplines of media and visual culture studies. It investigates guru iconographies in and across various time periods and also the distinctive ways in which diverse gurus engage with and inhabit different forms of media: statuary, games, print publications, photographs, portraiture, films, machines, social media, bodies, words, graffiti, dolls, sound, verse, tombs and more. The book’s interdisciplinary chapters advance, both conceptually and ethnographically, our understanding of the function of media in the dramatic production of guruship, and reflect on the corporate branding of gurus and on mediated guruship as a series of aesthetic traps for the captivation of devotees and others. They show how different media can further enliven the complex plurality of guruship, for instance in instantiating notions of ‘absent-present’ guruship and demonstrating the mutual mediation of gurus, caste and Hindutva. Throughout, the book foregrounds contested visions of the guru in the development of devotional publics and pluriform guruship across time and space. Thinking through the guru’s many media entanglements in a single place, the book contributes new insights to the study of South Asian religions and to the study of mediation more broadly. Praise for Gurus and Media 'Sight, sound, image, narrative, representation and performance in the complex world of gurus are richly illuminated and deeply theorised in this outstanding volume. The immensely important, but hitherto under-explored, visual and aural dimensions of guru-ship across several religious traditions have received path-breaking and wide-ranging treatment by best-known experts on the subject.' Nandini Gooptu, University of Oxford ‘Gurus and Media casts subtle light on a phenomenon that too often shines so brightly that it is hard to see. This collection is a tremendously rich resource for anyone trying to make sense of that ambiguous zone where authority appears at once as seduction and as salvation, as comfort and as terror.’ William Mazzarella, University of Chicago 'This remarkable collection uses the figure of the mass-mediated guru to throw light on how modern Hindu mobilization generates a highly diverse set of religious charismatics in India. Because of the diversity of the contributors to this volume, the book is also a moveable feast of cases, methods and cultural styles in a major cultural region.' Arjun Appadurai, Emeritus Professor of Media, Culture and Communication, New York University

Beschreibung: Yet what surprises me most of all at this time is that what I have written consists, as it were, almost entirely of quotations. – Compositions so produced are to poetry what mosaic is to painting. – It is the craziest mosaic technique you can imagine – and the very mind which directs the hands in formation is incapable of accounting to itself for the origin, the gradations, or the media of the process.Shelley with Benjamin: A critical mosaic is an experiment in comparative reading. Born a century apart, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Walter Benjamin are separated by time, language, temperament and genre – one a Romantic poet known for his revolutionary politics and delicate lyricism, the other a melancholy intellectual who pioneered a dialectical method of thinking in constellations. Yet, as the above montage of citations from their works demonstrates, their ideas are mutually illuminating: the mosaic is but one of several images that both use to describe how literature lives on through practices of citation, translation and critical commentary. In a series of close readings that are by turns playful, erotic and violent, Mathelinda Nabugodi unveils affinities between two writers whose works are simultaneously interventions in literary history and blueprints for an emancipated future. In addition to offering fresh interpretations of both major and minor writings, she elucidates the personal and ethical stakes of literary criticism. Throughout the book, marginal annotations and interlinear interruptions disrupt the faux-objective and colourblind stance of standard academic prose in an attempt to reckon with the barbarism of our past and its legacy in the present. The book will appeal to readers of Shelley and Benjamin as well as those with an interest in comparative literature, literary theory, romantic poetics, and creative critical writing.

Beschreibung: Since the early 1990s, Mongolia began its hopeful transition from socialism to a market democracy, becoming increasingly dependent on international mining revenue. Both shifts were promised to herald a new age of economic plenty for all. Now, roughly 30 years on, many of Mongolia’s poor and rural feel that they have been forgotten. Moral Economic Transitions in the Mongolian Borderlands describes these shifts from the viewpoint of the self-proclaimed ‘excluded’: the rural township of Magtaal on the Chinese border. In the wake of socialism, the population of this resource-rich area found itself without employment and state institutions, yet surrounded by lush nature 30 kilometres from the voracious Chinese market. A two-tiered resource-extractive political-economic system developed. Whilst large-scale, formal, legally sanctioned conglomerates arrived to extract oil and land for international profits, the local residents grew increasingly dependent on the Chinese-funded informal, illegal cross-border wildlife trade. More than a story about rampant capitalist extraction in the resource frontier, this book intimately details the complex inner worlds, moral ambiguities and emergent collective politics constructed by individuals who feel caught in political-economic shifts largely outside of their control. Offering much needed nuance to commonplace descriptions of Mongolia’s post-socialist transition, this study presents rich ethnographic detail through the eyes and voices of the state’s most geographically marginalized. It is of interest not only to experts of political-economy and post-socialist transition, but also to non-academic readers intrigued by the interplay of value(s) and capitalism.

Beschreibung: Violent extremism has galvanized public fear and attention. Driven by their concerns, the public has pushed for law enforcement and mental health systems to prevent attacks rather than just respond to them after they occur. The prevention process requires guidance for practitioners and policymakers on how best to identify people who may be at risk, to understand and assess the nature and function of the harm they may cause, and to manage them to mitigate or prevent harm. Violent Extremism provides such guidance. Over 10 chapters, prepared by leading experts, this handbook illuminates the nature of violent extremism and the evolution of prevention-driven practice. Authors draw on the literature and their experience to explain which factors might increase (risk factors) or decrease (protective factors) risk, how those factors might operate, and how practitioners can prepare risk formulations and scenario plans that inform risk management strategies to prevent violent extremist harm. Each chapter is crafted to support thoughtful, evidence-based practice that is transparent, accountable and ultimately defensible. Written for an international audience, the volume will be of interest to law enforcement and mental health professionals, criminal justice and security personnel, as well as criminologists, policymakers and researchers. Praise for Violent Extremism ‘In Violent Extremism, Logan, Borum and Gill have assembled the most celebrated scholars and practitioners in anticipating and mitigating violence. This extraordinary accomplishment could transform the future of risk assessment.’ John Monahan, University of Virginia ‘Scholarly, scientific and so very practical, this is the book we have been waiting for. It should be read, and re-read, by every practitioner and researcher working on violent extremism.’ John Horgan, Georgia State University ‘Since the early 2000s, the field of assessing violent extremism risk has developed apace. This landmark text authoritatively takes stock of past and current theory, research and practice, and provides a coherent vision for the future.’ Christopher Dean, Cardiff Metropolitan University

Beschreibung: Cultural and natural heritage are central to ‘Europe’ and ‘the European project’. They were bound up in the emergence of nation-states in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, where they were used to justify differences over which border conflicts were fought. Later, the idea of a ‘common European heritage’ provided a rationale for the development of the European Union. Now, the emergence of ‘new’ populist nationalisms shows how the imagined past continues to play a role in cultural and social governance, while a series of interlinked social and ecological crises are changing the ways that heritage operates. New discourses and ontologies are emerging to reconfigure heritage for the circumstances of the present and the uncertainties of the future. Taking the current role of heritage in Europe as its starting point, Critical Heritage Studies and the Futures of Europe presents a number of case studies that explore key themes in this transformation. Contributors draw on a range of disciplinary perspectives to consider, variously, the role of heritage and museums in the migration and climate ‘emergencies’; approaches to urban heritage conservation and practices of curating cities; digital and digitised heritage; the use of heritage as a therapeutic resource; and critical approaches to heritage and its management. Taken together, the chapters explore the multiple ontologies through which cultural and natural heritage have actively intervened in redrawing the futures of Europe and the world. Praise for Critical Heritage Studies and the Futures of Europe 'Filled with many fascinating and diverse chapters, this book vividly demonstrates the dynamism and breadth of critical heritage study of, in, and entangled with Europe today' Sharon Macdonald, Alexander von Humboldt Professor of Social Anthropology and Director of the Centre for Anthropological Research on Museums and Heritage (CARMAH) in the Institute of European Ethnology at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. 'Far from being restrictive, let alone chauvinistic, the multiscalar European focus of this book confirms the breadth and relevance of current critical heritage studies. With contributions addressing such topical issues as climate emergencies, urban landscapes, cultural industries, new media and identity politics – be they written by established scholars or by emerging researchers – it is ""Europe"" with all its shared grounds and recurrent divergences that comes into sharper relief. From this vantage point, readers of this compelling book will be better positioned for reflecting on and eventually influencing and challenging our heritage futures.' Nathan Schlanger, Professor of Archaeology, École nationale des chartes, Paris. 'This book addresses European heritage realities and futures through new voices, paradigms, and methods. It is a collage of tensions – practically a representation of Europe itself – through which to comprehend contemporary intersections of time, place, things, and meaning. It contributes to new vistas in heritage studies: the offer of design and imagination as methods; reckonings with data and climate change as seemingly uncontrollable actors; and the ongoing negotiation of ""criticality"" in the making of our responsibilities for the past in the present' Christopher Whitehead, Professor of Museology, Newcastle University.

Beschreibung: Everyday streets are both the most used and most undervalued of cities’ public spaces. They are places of social aggregation, bringing together those belonging to different classes, genders, ages, ethnicities and nationalities. They comprise not just the familiar outdoor spaces that we use to move and interact but also urban blocks, interiors, depths and hinterlands, which are integral to their nature and contribute to their vitality. Everyday streets are physically and socially shaped by the lives of the people and things that inhabit them through a reciprocal dance with multiple overlapping temporalities. The primary focus of this book is an inclusive approach to understanding and designing everyday streets. It offers an analysis of many aspects of everyday streets from cities around the globe. From the regular rectilinear urban blocks of Montreal to the military-regulated narrow alleyways of Naples, and from the resilient market streets of London to the crammed commercial streets of Chennai, the streets in this book were all conceived with a certain level of control. Everyday Streets is a palimpsest of methods, perspectives and recommendations that together provide a solid understanding of everyday streets, their degree of inclusiveness, and to what extent they could be more inclusive.

Beschreibung: The Chapel of St Peter-on-the-Wall, built on the ruins of a Roman fort, dates from the mid-seventh century and is one of the oldest largely intact churches in England. It stands in splendid isolation on the shoreline at the mouth of the Blackwater Estuary in Essex, where the land meets and interpenetrates with the sea and the sky. This book brings together contributors from across the arts, humanities and social sciences to uncover the pre-modern contexts and modern resonances of this medieval building and its landscape setting. The impetus for this collection was the recently published designs for a new nuclear power station at Bradwell on Sea, which, if built, would have a significant impact on the chapel and its landscape setting. St Peter-on-the-Wall highlights the multiple ways in which the chapel and landscape are historically and archaeologically significant, while also drawing attention to the modern importance of Bradwell as a place of Christian worship, of sanctuary and of cultural production. In analysing the significance of the chapel and surrounding landscape over more than a thousand years, this collection additionally contributes to wider debates about the relationship between space and place, and particularly the interfaces between both medieval and modern cultures and also heritage and the natural environment.

Beschreibung: Children feature centrally in the ubiquitous narratives of ‘migration crises’. They are often depicted as essentially vulnerable and in need of special protections, or suspiciously adult-like and a threat to national borders. At the same time, many voices, experiences, and stories are rarely heard, especially about children on the move within the global South. This bilingual book, written in English and Spanish, challenges simplistic narratives to enrich perspectives and understanding. Drawing on collaborations between young (im)migrants, researchers, artists and activists, this collection asks new questions about how crises are produced, mobility is controlled, and childhood is conceptualised. Answers to these questions have profound implications for resources, infrastructures, and relationships of care. Authors offer insights from diverse global contexts, painting a rich and insightful tapestry about childhood (im)mobility. They stress that children are more than recipients of care and that the crises they face are multiple and stratifying, with long historical roots. Readers are invited to understand migration as an act of concern and love, and to attend to how the solidarities between citizens and ‘others’, adults and children, and between children, are understood and forged.

Beschreibung: La niñez ocupa un lugar central en las narrativas omnipresentes de las ""crisis migratorias"". A menudo ésta es representada como esencialmente vulnerable y necesitada de protección especial, como sospechosamente parecida a los adultos, o como una amenaza para las fronteras nacionales. Al mismo tiempo, existen muchas voces, experiencias e historias que rara vez son escuchadas, especialmente aquellas que hablan sobre las infancias en movimiento dentro del Sur global. 'Este libro bilingüe, escrito en inglés y español, desafía las narrativas simplistas para enriquecer nuestra perspectivas y comprensión. Basada en colaboraciones entre jóvenes (in)migrantes, investigadores, artistas y activistas, esta colección plantea nuevas preguntas sobre cómo se producen las crisis, cómo se controla la movilidad y cómo se conceptualiza a la infancia y la niñez. Las respuestas a estas preguntas tienen profundas implicaciones para la distribución de recursos, la infraestructura y las prácticas de cuidado. Las y los autores ofrecen perspectivas que surgen de diversos contextos globales, construyendo un rico y detallado tapiz sobre la (in)movilidad infantil. Destacan que niñas y niños son mucho más que simples receptores de cuidados y que las crisis que enfrentan son múltiples y estratificadas, con profundas raíces históricas. Se invita a las/os lectoras/es a entender la migración como un acto de concientización y amor, y a poner atención en cómo se entienden y forjan las solidaridades entre ciudadanos y aquellos que son percibidos como “otros”; entre adultos y niñas/os, y entre las/os niñas/os mismas/os.

Beschreibung: Eva, a 1927 novel by Dutch writer Carry van Bruggen, is an experiment in depicting a woman's life from girlhood to marriage, and beyond, to sexual freedom and independence. At the same time, the narrative expresses Eva's dawning sense of self and expanding subjectivity through a stream of consciousness told by a shifting narrator. Burdened all of her life by feelings of shame, at the end of the novel Eva overcomes this legacy of her upbringing and declares that it is 'bodily desire that makes love acceptable'. Carry van Bruggen's rich and varied language conveys Eva's experience of the world. Powerful memories of an orthodox Jewish childhood pervade the novel with its fluid sense of time. As Eva puts it, 'I let these years slip through my fingers like a stream of dry, glinting sand.' Jane Fenoulhet makes this important modernist novel accessible to English readers for the first time. While it can be described as a becoming-woman of both Eva and her creator, so can the translation be seen as the translator's own becoming, as Fenoulhet explains in the accompanying commentary, where she also describes the challenges of translating van Bruggen's dynamic, intense narrative. For Fenoulhet, translation is more a matter of personal engagement with the novel than a matter of word choice and style. In this way, the emotional and intellectual life of the main character is re-enacted through translation. Praise for Eva 'The first translation of this complex and significant modernist novel into English. It [is] accompanied by an illuminating introductory commentary by Jane Fenoulhet shedding light on the difficulties of translating this ambitious novel, relevant not just for the study of modernism, but for the position Eva has in van Bruggen's oeuvre.' The Year's Work in Modern Language Studies, 81(1) 'For the first time, Jane Fenoulhet has made this important, modernist novel accessible to English-language readers, her deft translation capturing the rich expressiveness of van Bruggen's original Dutch. In insightful accompanying commentary, Fenoulhet describes the challenges of translating van Bruggen's dynamic, intense narrative, which necessitated deep personal engagement with the novel.' The Low Countries

Beschreibung: The role of fossil planktonic foraminifera as markers for biostratigraphical zonation and correlation underpins most drilling of marine sedimentary sequences and is key to hydrocarbon exploration. The first - and only - book to synthesize the whole biostratigraphic and geological usefulness of planktonic foraminifera, Biostratigraphic and Geological Significance of Planktonic Foraminifera unifies existing biostratigraphic schemes and provides an improved correlation reflecting regional biogeographies. Renowned micropaleontologist Marcelle K. Boudagher-Fadel presents a comprehensive analysis of existing data on fossil planktonic foraminifera genera and their phylogenetic evolution in time and space. This important text, now in its Second Edition, is in considerable demand and is now being republished by UCL Press.

Beschreibung: The rivalry between India and Pakistan began on British withdrawal from the British Indian Empire in 1947, and with the sudden partition of India immediately afterwards. It has proven remarkably resilient. While the countries share a long history and have considerable social–cultural affinity, relations since Partition have been marked by three wars, constant border skirmishes and a deep distrust that permeates both societies. In each, teaching about those relations is weighted with political and cultural significance, and research shows that curriculums have been used to shape the mindset of new generations with regard to their neighbouring state. This book explores the attitudes and pedagogical decision-making of teachers in India and Pakistan when teaching India–Pakistan relations. Situating teachers in the context of reformed textbooks and curriculums in both countries that explicitly advocate critical thinking and social cohesion, Kusha Anand explores how far teachers have enacted these changes in their classrooms. Based on data collected from teachers via semi-structured interviews and classroom observations in India and Pakistan she argues that, despite whole-nation policies and texts, teaching of India–Pakistan relations is dependent on the socio-economic status of schools. While there is progress towards the stated goals, teachers in both countries face pressures from the interests of school and state, and often miss opportunities to engage with multiple perspectives and stereotypes in their classrooms.

Beschreibung: Co-designing Infrastructures tells the story of a research programme designed to bring the power of engineering and technology into the hands of grassroots community groups, to create bottom-up solutions to global crises. Four projects in London are described in detail, exemplifying community collaboration with engineers, designers and scientists to enact urban change. The projects co-designed solutions to air pollution, housing, the water-energy-food nexus, and water management. Rich case-study accounts are underpinned by theories of participation, environmental politics and socio-technical systems. The projects at the heart of the book are grounded in specific settings facing challenges familiar to urban communities throughout the world. This place-based approach to infrastructure is of international relevance as a foundation for urban resilience and sustainability. The authors document the tools used to deliver this work, providing guidance for others who are working to deliver local technical solutions to complex social and environmental problems around the world. This is a book for engineers, designers, community organisers and researchers. Co-authored by researchers, it includes voices of community collaborators, their experiences, frustrations and aspirations. It explores useful theories about infrastructure, engineering and resilience from international academic research, and situates them in community-based co-design experience, to explain why bottom-up approaches are needed and how they might succeed.

Beschreibung: If we want to understand contemporary China, the key is through understanding the older generation. This is the generation in China whose life courses almost perfectly synchronised with the emergence and growth of the 'New China' under the rule of the Communist Party (1949). People in their 70s and 80s have double the life expectancy of their parents' generation. The current oldest generation in Shanghai was born in a time when the average household could not afford electric lights, but today they can turn their lights off via their smartphone apps. Based on 16-month ethnographic fieldwork in Shanghai, Ageing with Smartphones in Urban China tackles the intersection between the 'two revolutions' experienced by the older generation in Shanghai: the contemporary smartphone-based digital revolution and the earlier communist revolutions. We find that we can only explain the smartphone revolution if we first appreciate the long-term consequences of these people's experiences during the communist revolutions. The context of this book is a wide range of dramatic social transformations in China, from the Cultural Revolution to the individualism and Confucianism in Digital China. Supported by detailed ethnographic material, the observations and analyses provide a panoramic view of the social landscape of contemporary China, including topics such as the digital and everyday life, ageing and healthcare, intergenerational relations and family development, community building and grassroots organizations, collective memories and political attitudes among ordinary Chinese people.

Beschreibung: Architecture in Dialogue with an Activated Ground sets out to validate the role of the unreasonable in the design process. Using case study projects, architect Urs Bette gives an insight into the epistemological processes of his creative practice, and unveils the strategies he deploys in order to facilitate the poetic aspects of architecture within a discourse whose evaluation parameters predominantly involve reason. Themes discussed include the emergence of space from the staged opposition between the architectural object and the site, and the relationship between emotive cognition and analytic synthesis in the design act. In both cases, there is a necessary engagement with forms of ‘unreasonable’ thought, action or behaviours.

Beschreibung: Women in the History of Science brings together primary sources that highlight women’s involvement in scientific knowledge production around the world. Drawing on texts, images and objects, each primary source is accompanied by an explanatory text, questions to prompt discussion, and a bibliography to aid further research. Arranged by time period, covering 1200 BCE to the twenty-first century, and across 12 inclusive and far-reaching themes, this book is an invaluable companion to students and lecturers alike in exploring women’s history in the fields of science, technology, mathematics, medicine and culture. While women are too often excluded from traditional narratives of the history of science, this book centres the voices and experiences of women across a range of domains of knowledge. By questioning our understanding of what science is, where it happens, and who produces scientific knowledge, this book is an aid to liberating the curriculum within schools and universities.

Beschreibung: Participatory Planning for Climate Compatible Development in Maputo, Mozambique is a practitioners' handbook that builds upon the experience of a pilot project that was awarded the United Nations 'Lighthouse Activity' Award. Building upon a long scholarly tradition of participatory planning, this dual-language (English/Portuguese) book addresses crucial questions about the relevance of citizen participation in planning for climate compatible development and argues that citizens have knowledge and access to resources that enable them to develop a sustainable vision for their community. In order to do so, the author proposes a Participatory Action Planning methodology to organise communities, and also advances mechanisms for institutional development through partnerships. Praise for Participatory Planning for Climate Compatible Development in Maputo, Mozambique 'This English/Portuguese book is an example of how participatory planning, which puts citizens at the heart of community improvement, can facilitate local responses to climate change challenges. Focusing on the partnerships between governments and communities in Maputo, Mozambique, this bilingual compilation highlights key lessons of climate compatible development for urban managers, practitioners, academics, policy makers, citizens and activists.' Environment and Urbanization Journal 'The book 'Participatory Planning for Climate Compatible Development' advances a key argument concerning the need to involve urban citizens in local action for climate adaptation.' Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) 'This book is a guiding light for planners, communities and anyone concerned with climate change in our cities. It will join a growing but still limited collection of studies and is likely to become an important guide to living in our climate-changed present. Participatory action planning might not be the only way to involve urban residents in addressing this new landscape, but it offers a deeply considered approach that is needed across Maputo and cities more widely.' Africa at LSE Book Reviews 'This book is a guiding light for planners, communities and anyone concerned with climate change in our cities. It will join a growing but still limited collection of studies and is likely to become an important guide to living in our climate-changed present. Participatory action planning might not be the only way to involve urban residents in addressing this new landscape, but it offers a deeply considered approach that is needed across Maputo and cities more widely' University of Sheffield Urban Institute blog

Beschreibung: We take it for granted that some historical figures become heroes, and others do not. Chandragupta Maurya evolved from obscure ruler to contemporary national icon. The key moment in the making of this Indian hero was a meeting by the banks of the River Indus between Chandragupta and Seleucus, founder of the Seleucid empire and one of Alexander the Great’s generals, in c.305-3 BC. This significant event was a moment of peace-making at the end of conflict. But no reliable account exists in early sources, and it is not even clear which ruler was victorious in battle. This uncertainty enabled British and Indian historians of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to interpret the sources in radically different ways. With Chandragupta representing India and Seleucus standing in for Britain, British scholars argued that Seleucus defeated Chandragupta, while Indian academics contended the opposite. The writing and reception of history fundamentally influences how we engage with the past, and the evolving colonial and post-colonial relationship between Britain and India is crucial here. In India, the image of Chandragupta as an idealised hero who vanquished the foreign invader has prevailed and found expression in contemporary popular culture. In plays, films, television series, comic books and historical novels, Chandragupta is the powerful and virtuous Hindu ruler par excellence. The path to this elevated standing is charted in this book.

Beschreibung: What does it mean to be ageing in Chile as a migrant? What does it mean to be late middle-aged nowadays? How does living half of your life in a foreign country impact perspectives on later life? Is retirement an opportunity to go back to the home country? What will happen to the next generation, raised in a different country from their parents? Based on 16 months of ethnographic fieldwork, Ageing with Smartphones in Urban Chile analyses the experience of ageing for Peruvian migrants aged around 60, who have lived in Chile for over 20 years. Their lives are informed by a series of experiences of being in between. They live between two countries, two generations (their Peruvian parents and their Chilean children), two different stages in life (retained youth and menacing old age), between giving care (to their parents) and not wanting care (from their children) and between a continuing legacy (through their children, who have a promising future) and not transmitting legacy (some traditions will not pass on to the next generation). Peruvian migration has been one of the most studied in Chile. However, neither the experience of ageing of migrants in Chile nor the experience of late middle age has been fully addressed yet. By focusing on the entanglement of ageing, migration and technology, this monograph is an ethnographic contribution to an unexplored subject in the vast literature on migration studies in Chile.

Beschreibung: Global goods were central to the material culture of eighteenth-century country houses. Across Europe, mahogany furniture, Chinese wallpapers and Indian textiles formed the backdrop to genteel practices of drinking sweetened coffee, tea and chocolate from Chinese porcelain. They tied these houses and their wealthy owners into global systems of supply and the processes of colonialism and empire. Global Goods and the Country House builds on these narratives, and then challenges them by decentring our perspective. It offers a comparative framework that explores the definition, ownership and meaning of global goods outside the usual context of European imperial powers. What were global goods and what did they mean for wealthy landowners in places at the ‘periphery’ of Europe (Sweden and Wallachia), in the British colonies of North America and the Caribbean, or in the extra-colonial context (Japan or Rajasthan)? By addressing these questions, this volume offers fresh insights into the multi-directional flow of goods and cultures that enmeshed the eighteenth-century world. And by placing these goods in their specific material context - from the English country house to the princely palaces of Rajasthan - we gain a better understanding of their use and meaning, and of their role in linking the global and the local.

Beschreibung: What does it mean politically to construct climate change as a matter of urgency? We are certainly running out of time to stop climate change. But perhaps this particular understanding of urgency could be at the heart of the problem. When in haste, we make more mistakes, we overlook things, we get tunnel vision. Here we make the case for a ‘slow politics of urgency’. Rather than rushing and speeding up, the sustainable future is arguably better served by us challenging the dominant framings through which we understand time and change in society. Transformation to meet the climate challenge requires multiple temporalities of change, speeding up certain types of change processes but also slowing things down. While recognizing the need for certain types of urgency in climate politics, Haste directs attention to the different and alternative temporalities at play in climate and sustainability politics. It addresses several key issues on climate urgency: How do we accommodate concerns that are undermined by the politics of urgency, such as participation and justice? How do we act upon the urgency of the climate challenge without reproducing the problems that speeding up of social processes has brought? What do the slow politics of urgency look like in practice? Divided into 23 short and accessible chapters, written by both established and emerging scholars from different disciplines, Haste tackles a major problem in contemporary climate change research and offers creative perspectives on pathways out of the climate emergency.

Beschreibung: In the Face of Adversity explores the dynamics of translating texts that articulate particular notions of adverse circumstances. The chapters illustrate how literary records of often painful experiences and dissenting voices are at risk of being stripped of their authenticity when not carefully handled by the translator; how cultural moments in which the translation of a text that would have otherwise fallen into oblivion instead gave rise to a translator who enabled its preservation while ultimately coming into their own as an author as a result; and how the difficulties the translator faces in intercultural or transnational constellations in which prejudice plays a role endangers projects meant to facilitate mutual understanding. The authors address translation as a project of making available and preserving a corpus of texts that would otherwise be in danger of becoming censored, misperceived or ignored. They look at translation and adaptation as a project of curating textual models of personal, communal or collective perseverance, and they offer insights into the dynamics of cultural inclusion and exclusion through a series of theoretical frameworks, as well as through a set of concrete case studies drawn from different cultural and historical contexts. The collection also explores some of the venues that artists have pursued by transferring artistic expressions from one medium into another in order to preserve and disseminate important experiences in different cultural settings, media and arts.

Beschreibung: Set in the early years of the Old Republic after the abolition of slavery, Júlia Lopes de Almeida's The Bankruptcy depicts the rise and fall of a wealthy coffee exporter against a kaleidoscopic background of glamour, poverty, seduction, and financial speculation. The novel introduces readers to a turbulent period in Brazilian history seething with new ideas about democracy, women’s emancipation, and the role of religion in society. Originally published in 1901, its prescient critiques of financial capitalism and the patriarchal family remain relevant today. In her lifetime, Júlia Lopes de Almeida was compared to Machado de Assis, the most important Brazilian writer of the nineteenth century. She was also considered for the inaugural list of members of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, but was excluded because of her gender. In the decades after her death, her work was largely forgotten. This publication, a winner of the English PEN award, marks the first novel-length translation of Almeida’s writing into English, including an Introduction to the novel and a Translators' preface, and accompanies a general rediscovery of her extraordinary body of work in Brazil.

Beschreibung: Global Labour History has rapidly gained ground as a field of study in the 21st century, attracting interest in the Global South and North alike. Scholars derive inspiration from the broad perspective and the effort to perceive connections between global trends over time in work and labour relations, incorporating slaves, indentured labourers and sharecroppers, housewives and domestic servants. Casting this sweeping analytical gaze, The World Wide Web of Work discusses the core concepts ‘capitalism’ and ‘workers’, and refines notions such as ‘coerced labour’, ‘household strategies’ and ‘labour markets’. It explores in new ways the connections between labourers in different parts of the world, arguing that both ‘globalisation’ and modern labour management originated in agriculture in the Global South and were only later introduced in Northern industrial settings. It reveals that 19th-century chattel slavery was frequently replaced by other forms of coerced labour, and it reconstructs the laborious 20th-century attempts of the International Labour Organisation to regulate labour standards supra-nationally. The book also pays attention to the relational inequality through which workers in wealthy countries benefit from the exploitation of those in poor countries. The final part addresses workers’ resistance and acquiescence: why collective actions often have unanticipated consequences; why and how workers sometimes organise massive flights from exploitation and oppression; and why ‘proletarian revolutions’ took place in pre-industrial or industrialising countries and never in fully developed capitalist societies.

Beschreibung: Waiting for the Revolution to End explores the Syrian revolution through the experiences of citizens in exile. Based on more than three years of embedded fieldwork with Syrians displaced in the border city of Gaziantep (southern Turkey), the book places the Syrian revolution and its tragic aftermath under ethnographic scrutiny. It charts the evolution from peaceful uprising (2011) to armed confrontation (2012), descent into fully fledged conflict (2013) and finally to proxy war (2015), to propose an understanding of revolution beyond success and failure. While the Assad regime remains in place, the Syrian revolution (al-thawra) still holds a transformational power that can be located on intimate and world-making scales. Charlotte Al-Khalili traces the unintended consequences of revolution and its unexpected consequences to reveal the reshaping of Syrian life-worlds and exiles’ evolving theorizations, experiences and imaginations of al-thawra. She describes the in-between spatio-temporal realm inhabited by Syrians displaced to Turkey as they await the revolution’s outcomes, and maps the revolution’s multidimensional and multi-scalar effects on their everyday life. By following the chronology of events inside Syria and Syrians’ geography of displacement, the book makes the relation between revolution and displacement its centerpiece, both as an ethnographic object and an analytical device. Praise for Waiting for the Revolution to End 'Waiting for the Revolution to End is essential reading for scholars and students wanting to understand the temporal and affective orientations at play in the aftermath of the Syrian revolution. Al-Khalili presents a lucid ethnography of revolutionary hopes, defeat, and displacement hereby offering a sustained theoretical engagement with the social, political and religious forces that undergird Syrian existence.' Andreas Bandak, University of Copenhagen 'Although so much has been said about the Syrian revolution, surprisingly little has been written about what it did to the selves, hopes, and lives of those who joined it but were defeated. Waiting for the Revolution to End is a very important and urgently needed contribution that tells the story of the revolution as it is understood by ordinary Syrians who turned into revolutionaries by participating in the uprising from its beginnings in 2011 and 2012, when the possibility of a non-violent overcoming of a violent regime still appeared within reach. Writing through the experience of living among displaced Syrians in Gaziantep, Al-Khalili tells us something that political analyses from above so often miss: the transformational power of participation in the revolution, and the cosmogonic change it effected in the minds and lives of people while they were tragically defeated. Speaking of defeat rather than failure of Syrian revolutionaries, Waiting for the Revolution to End *weaves a rich, emphatic, convincing, tragic yet also hopeful story of the possibility of dignity.' Samuli Schielke, Leibniz-Zentrum Moderner Orient 'Charlotte Al-Khalili’s stunning and moving ethnography is a landmark in the study of revolution, social change and mobility. Through an extraordinary portrayal of the lives, hopes and fears of Syria’s exiled revolutionaries in their “capital”, Al-Khalili transforms understandings of how migration shapes revolutionary subjectivity, how grassroots revolutionary activists theorize revolutionary outcomes, and how revolutionaries reorganize families and networks to keep ideals of social transformation alive.’ Alice Wilson, University of Sussex

Beschreibung: Wastiary, or Bestiary of Waste, is a creative exercise that occupies letters, numbers, and symbols of Western academic language to compose a list of 35 short entries on the uncomfortable but pressing topic of waste in the contemporary world. The collection is richly illustrated with artwork, photography, collage and mixed media. The book is a heterodox compendium of ‘beasts of waste’, playfully re-imagining the medieval treatise on various kinds of animal. It conveys the message that various forms of waste and pollution have achieved a beast-like or untameable quality, at times pungently transferring to considerations of ‘the human’, or humans treated as waste.

Beschreibung: Statecraft and Foreign Policy provides an in-depth understanding of India’s rise as an economic and political power and its role in addressing global challenges, from climate change to international trade, security, health and energy. It focuses on India’s statecraft and foreign policy from its independence in 1947 to current politics and policies in 2023 – 75 years later. The book has three main sections, focusing on the evolution of India’s foreign policy after Independence, its transformation after the Cold War and as India’s economic and political power grew, and India’s engagement with major powers (like the US, China and Russia), neighbouring countries, and international institutions. The analysis draws on International Relations Theory, Foreign Policy Analysis, and the work of classic Indian thinkers like Kautilya. It combines evaluating domestic and international influences on India’s statecraft and foreign policy. The authors introduce a ‘toolbox’ for studying the making and the outcomes of Foreign Policy based on an analysis of interests, perceptions, and values. This analytical framework goes beyond the Indian case study and can be applied to International Relations, Comparative Politics, and Foreign Policy Analysis. Praise for Statecraft and Foreign Policy 'Mitra, Schottli, and Pauli have crafted a remarkably deep analysis of India's foreign policy. They have not only reviewed the details of India's foreign affairs, itself no small task, but they have done so in an analytic framework grounded in a profound evaluation of the intertwining of domestic and foreign policy choices and compunctions. As contemporary India has emerged as one of the world's great powers – great in every sense of that term – this book is essential reading for policymakers, diplomats, scholars, and students of Indian affairs and world affairs. Statecraft and Foreign Policy is a tour de force that will define how we think of India in global politics for decades to come!' Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, Julius Silver Professor of Politics, New York University, USA 'A sweeping overview, in holistic perspective. Covers independent India’s 75 years, narrating policy development and diplomatic actions. Incisive, balanced, and insightful.' Kisan S. Rana, Emeritus Professor and Former Ambassador of India to Germany 'This book offers both a wide compass of Indian foreign policy across its 76 years but also a focused lens that assesses change and continuity across different periods and varied dimensions of foreign policy. Domestic and international variables are brought together in the analysis with a focus on how the Prime Ministers think about and visualize their foreign policies. Each chapter provides a synoptic assessment including additional readings making it an excellent reference that brings analysis of foreign policy up to date. The discussions of India’s multilateral engagements on trade, climate change and international negotiations is a valuable addition to usual bilateral discussions of foreign policies.' Aseema Sinha, Wagener Chair of South Asian Politics and George R. Roberts Fellow at Claremont McKenna College in California, USA 'The authors have done the almost-impossible – they have provided a synopsis of the most important phases, relationships, and issues that mark the country’s policies beyond its borders. And they have done it engagingly and with sophistication…free of jargon and abstruse theorizing, and yet with a penetrating point of view.' Professor Kanti Bajpai, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore

Beschreibung: As political polarisation undermines confidence in the shared values and established constitutional orders of many nations, it is imperative that we explore how parliaments are to stay relevant and accessible to the citizens whom they serve. The rise of modern democracies is thought to have found physical expression in the staged unity of the parliamentary seating plan. However, the built forms alone cannot give sufficient testimony to the exercise of power in political life. Parliament Buildings brings together architecture, history, art history, history of political thought, sociology, behavioural psychology, anthropology and political science to raise a host of challenging questions. How do parliament buildings give physical form to norms and practices, to behaviours, rituals, identities and imaginaries? How are their spatial forms influenced by the political cultures they accommodate? What kinds of histories, politics and morphologies do the diverse European parliaments share, and how do their political trajectories intersect? This volume offers an eclectic exploration of the complex nexus between architecture and politics in Europe. Including contributions from architects who have designed or remodelled four parliament buildings in Europe, it provides the first comparative, multi-disciplinary study of parliament buildings across Europe and across history. Praise for Parliament Buildings ‘In its totality, this is an invaluable book, both as a comprehensive review of the wider implications of architecture and building in culture and society, and as a specific resource in the understanding of one highly specialised, but profoundly significant building type.’ Dean Hawkes, Cardiff University and University of Cambridge ‘Symbols of history and of hope, theatres of struggle, cradles of consensus: parliamentary buildings, as these diverse essays show, both reflect our democracies and can help them function better.’ David Anderson, House of Lords ‘Parliament Buildings is a brilliant interdisciplinary exploration of a fascinating topic. Theoretically sophisticated, empirically rich and historically informed, it demonstrates the multiple ways in which politics and the built environment intersect, and sheds light on the symbolic and material practices central to contemporary representative politics.’ Duncan Bell, University of Cambridge

Beschreibung: Engaged Urban Pedagogy presents a participatory approach to teaching built environment subjects by exploring 12 examples of real-world engagement in urban planning involving people within and beyond the university. Starting with curriculum review, course content is analysed in light of urban pasts, race, queer identity, lived experiences and concerns of urban professionals. Case studies then shift to focus on techniques for participatory critical pedagogy, including expanding the ‘classroom’ with links to live place-making processes, connections made through digital co-design exercises and student-led podcasting assignments. Finally, the book turns to activities beyond formal university teaching, such as where school-age children learn about their own participation in urban processes alongside university students and researchers. The last cases show how academics have enabled co-production in local urban developments, trained community co-researchers and acted as part of a city-to-city learning network. Throughout the book, editorial commentary highlights how these activities are a critical source of support for higher education. Together, the 12 examples demonstrate the power and range of an engaged urban pedagogy. They are written by academics, university students and those working in urban planning and place-making. Drawing on foundational works of critical pedagogy, they present a distinctly urban praxis that will help those in universities respond to the built environment challenges of today.

Beschreibung: Elements, Government, and Licensing brings together new theoretical and empirical developments in phonology. It covers three principal domains of phonological representation: melody and segmental structure; tone, prosody and prosodic structure; and phonological relations, empty categories, and vowel-zero alternations. Theoretical topics covered include the formalisation of Element Theory, the hotly debated topic of structural recursion in phonology, and the empirical status of government. In addition, a wealth of new analyses and empirical evidence sheds new light on empty categories in phonology, the analysis of certain consonantal sequences, phonological and non-phonological alternation, the elemental composition of segments, and many more. Taking up long-standing empirical and theoretical issues informed by the Government Phonology and Element Theory, this book provides theoretical advances while also bringing to light new empirical evidence and analysis challenging previous generalisations. The insights offered here will be equally exciting for phonologists working on related issues inside and outside the Principles & Parameters programme, such as researchers working in Optimality Theory or classical rule-based phonology.

Beschreibung: History education has a key contribution to make in developing a deeper understanding of the current environmental crisis, but its role is too often overlooked. When embedded in the school curriculum, environmental history adds crucial layers of knowledge to the learning from other subjects and can enable students to make their own informed contributions to one of the most pressing concerns of the 21st century. History and the Climate Crisis makes the case for including an environmental focus in the secondary school history curriculum by locating its arguments within established historiographical and revisionist debates. It provides much-needed subject knowledge in an area that is new for most history teachers. The author considers the disciplinary and pedagogical challenges and demonstrates how including an environmental focus can strengthen students’ disciplinary knowledge. She also builds her argument through the use of many examples and offers practical strategies for use in classrooms, including developed enquiries suitable for the secondary history curriculum. The book focuses on environmental history within a strong subject bound curriculum and will be relevant to teachers, academics and policymakers in the UK and internationally. Praise for History and the Climate Crisis 'There has never been a better time to explore how history can help young people make sense of the climate crisis and this book is the perfect starting point. It takes us on a journey across broad timespans and smaller stories, providing fresh insights into what is already taught in classrooms and introducing us to surprising and fascinating perspectives along the way. Its breadth and accessibility will make it indispensable to teachers at every stage of their career and I cannot recommend it highly enough.' Dr Alison Kitson, Associate Professor of Education and Programme Director, Centre for Climate Change and Sustainability Education, UCL Institute of Education ‘A welcome and much-needed book that will be invaluable for all those thinking about how to better integrate environmental sciences and history into the classroom. An incredibly helpful resource for teachers – and therefore for pupils too.’ Peter Frankopan, Professor of Global History, Worcester College, University of Oxford

Beschreibung: Urban Design Governance takes a deep dive into the governance of urban design around Europe. It examines interventions in the means and processes of designing the built environment as devised by public authorities and other stakeholders across the continent. In particular, the focus is on the use of soft powers and allied financial mechanisms to influence design quality in the public interest. In doing so, the book traces the scope, use and effectiveness of the range of informal (non-regulatory) urban design governance tools that governments, municipalities and others have at their disposal. Developed from the Urban Maestro project, a joint initiative of the United Nations Human Settlement programme (UN-Habitat), UCL and the Brussels Bouwmeester Maître Architecte (BMA), Urban Design Governance offers the first panorama of informal urban design governance tools from across Europe, and places the tools within a theoretical and analytical framework with the potential to be applied locally and internationally. Last, the book discusses and reveals the essential pre-requisites for the effective governance of urban design. Governments everywhere are increasingly seeing these sorts of tools as part of a necessary investment in delivering the high-quality built environments that their residents, businesses and investors demand. This book shows how.

Beschreibung: Beliefs, superstitions and tales about luck are present across all human cultures, according to anthropologists. We are perennially fascinated by luck and by its association with happiness and danger, uncertainty and aspiration. Yet it remains an elusive, ungraspable idea, one that slips and slides over time: all cultures reimagine what luck is and how to tame it at different stages in their history, and the modernity of the ‘long twentieth century’ is no exception to the rule. Apparently overshadowed by more conceptually tight, scientific and characteristically modern notions such as chance, contingency, probability or randomness, luck nevertheless persists in all its messiness and vitality, used in our everyday language and the subject of studies by everyone from philosophers to psychologists, economists to self-help gurus. Modern Luck sets out to explore the enigma of luck’s presence in modernity, examining the hybrid forms it has taken on in the modern imagination, and in particular in the field of modern stories. Indeed, it argues that modern luck is constituted through narrative, through modern luck stories. Analysing a rich and unusually eclectic range of narrative taken from literature, film, music, television and theatre – from Dostoevsky to Philip K. Dick, from Pinocchio to Cimino, from Curtiz to Kieślowski – it lays out first the usages and meanings of the language of luck, and then the key figures, patterns and motifs that govern the stories told about it, from the late nineteenth century to the present day.

Beschreibung: Life-writing is a vital part of the history of archaeology, and a growing field of scholarship within the discipline. Travels and adventures of the ‘great archaeologists’ have generated centuries-worth of bestselling books that, in turn, shaped the public perception of archaeology. The lives of archaeologists are entangled with histories of museums and collections, developments in science and scholarship, and narratives of nationalism and colonialism into the present. In recent years life-writing has played an important role in the surge of new research in the history of archaeology, including ground-breaking studies of discipline formation, institutionalisation and social and intellectual networks. Sources such as diaries, wills, film and the growing body of digital records are powerful tools for highlighting the contributions of hitherto marginalised archaeological lives including many pioneering women, hired labourers and other ‘hidden hands’. This book brings together critical perspectives on life-writing in the history of archaeology from leading figures in the field. These include studies of archive formation and use, the concept of ‘dig-writing’ as a distinctive genre of archaeological creativity and reviews of new sources for already well-known lives. Several chapters reflect on the experience of life-writing, review the historiography of the field and assess the intellectual value and significance of life-writing as a genre. Together, they work to problematise underlying assumptions about this genre, foregrounding methodology, social theory, ethics and other practice-focused frameworks in conscious tension with previous practices.

Beschreibung: In this topical lecture, investor and philanthropist Gerald Chan examines the role of philanthropy in the rapidly changing higher education environment. He proposes that society will be short-changed if the purpose of universities is seen as human resource rather than humanity. Dr Chan argues that the independence of universities is crucial for maintaining the balance between their dual role as engines of the economy and places of curiosity-driven research, and that a philanthropic public private partnership is vital to that. ‘Higher education is not cheap; but what is more expensive to society are the consequences of not supporting its universities… In a democratic society, governments come and go, and government funding priorities come and go, but a properly managed endowment endures.’ Dr Chan’s thought-provoking lecture ranges from pre-Enlightenment beliefs to the invention by Steve Jobs of the first Apple Macs, to demonstrate the vital role of universities to humanity.

Beschreibung: Learning at a distance and learning online are growing in scale and importance in higher education, presenting opportunities for large scale, inclusive, flexible and engaging learning. These modes of learning swept the world in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The many challenges of providing effective education online and remotely have been acknowledged, particularly by those who rapidly jumped into online and distance education during the crisis. This volume, edited by the University of London’s Centre for Online and Distance Education, addresses the practice and theory of online and distance education, building on knowledge and expertise developed in the University over some 150 years. The University is currently providing distance transnational education to around 50,000 students in more than 180 countries around the world. Throughout the book, contributors explore important principles and highlight successful practices in areas including course design and pedagogy, online assessment, open education, inclusive practice, and enabling student voice. Case studies illustrate prominent issues and approaches. Together, the chapters offer current and future leaders and practitioners a practical, productive, practice- and theory-informed account of the present and likely future state of online and distance higher education worldwide.

Beschreibung: Ever since Adam Smith’s musings on ‘the invisible hand’ became more famous than his work on moral sentiments, social theorists have paid less attention to everyday ethics and aesthetics. Smith’s metaphor of the invisible hand posits that social outcomes emerge by dint of the behaviours of individuals rather than their intentions or virtues. Modernist and scientific approaches to determining the common good or good forms of governance have increasingly relied on techniques of generalisation and rationalisation. This shift has meant that we no longer comprehend why and how people display a deep concern for everyday life values in their social practices. People continue to enact these values and live by them while academics lack the vocabulary and methods to grasp them. By reconstructing the history of ideas about everyday-life values, and by analysing the role of such values in contemporary care practices for patients with chronic disease in the Netherlands, Reinventing the Good Life explores new ways to study the values of everyday life, particularly in situations where the achievement of a clear cut or uniform good is unlikely. The book presents a practice-based epistemology and methodology for studying everyday care practices and supporting their goodness. This analytical approach ultimately aims to generate ideas that will allow us to relate in more imaginative ways to the many pressing concerns that we are forced to live with today.

Beschreibung: Leonora Bernardi (1559-1616), a gentlewoman of Lucca, was a highly regarded poet, dramatist and singer. She was active in the brilliant courts of Ferrara and Florence at a time when creative women enjoyed exceptional visibility in Italy. Like many such figures, she has since suffered historical neglect. Drama, Poetry and Music in Late-Renaissance Italy presents the first ever study of Bernardi’s life, and modern edition of her recently discovered literary corpus, which mostly exists in manuscript. Her writings appear in the original Italian with new English translations, scholarly notes, critical essays and contributions by Eric Nicholson, Eugenio Refini and Davide Daolmi Based on new archival research, the substantial opening section reconstructs Bernardi’s unusually colourful life. Bernardi’s works reveal her connections with some of the most pioneering poets, dramatists and musicians of the day, including her mentor Angelo Grillo and the first opera librettist Ottavio Rinuccini. The second major section presents her pastoral tragicomedy Clorilli, one of the earliest secular dramatic works by a woman. It was apparently performed in the early 1590s at a Medici villa near Florence, before Grandduke Ferdinando I de’ Medici, and his consort Christine of Lorraine, but now exists in an enigmatic Venetian manuscript. The third section presents Bernardi’s secular and religious verse, which engaged with new trends in lyric and poetry for music, and was set by various key composers across Italy.

Beschreibung: What are the barriers preventing migrants from accessing and successfully utilizing health care in their new home country? Do these barriers vary across different migrant origin countries? And are they still a problem for highly skilled migrants, who often have well-paid jobs and health insurance provided by their employers? Based on field research conducted in the Washington D.C. area, Navigating the Cultures of Health Care and Health Insurance takes a mixed methods, qualitative and quantitative approach to the study of foreign patients’ utilization and assessment of health care in the US. Through interviews with both health care providers and patients, attitudes towards US health insurance and medical treatment are compared for migrants from three countries with very different cultural backgrounds and health insurance systems: Germany, India and Japan. Combined with an in-depth literature review, historical and contemporary surveys of health care across countries and analysis of health-related terms in the media, the results of this research indicate that foreign patients’ barriers to good health care persist despite access to health care services and insurance coverage, and reveal recurring transnational care seeking patterns, such as bringing medicines from abroad, delaying treatment for medical visits, insurance juggling and more. By describing their difficulties in integrating into the US health care system, the migrants in this study show the challenges and the potential for improvements in providing the care that migrants need in their new home.

Beschreibung: COVID-19 turned the world as we knew it upside down, impacting families around the world in profound ways. Seeking to understand this global experience, Family Life in the Time of COVID brings together case studies from 10 countries that explore how local responses to the pandemic shaped, and were shaped by, understandings and practices of family life. Carried out by an international team during the first year of the pandemic, these in-depth, longitudinal, qualitative investigations examined the impact of the pandemic on families and relationships across diverse contexts and cultures. They looked at how families made sense of complex lockdown laws, how they coped with collective worry about the unknown, managed their finances, fed themselves, and got to grips with online work and schooling to understand better how life had transformed (or not). In short, the research revealed their everyday joys and struggles in times of great uncertainty. Each case study follows the same methodology revealing experiences in Argentina, Chile, Pakistan, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, Sweden, Taiwan, the United Kingdom and the USA. They show how local government responses were understood and responded to by families, and how different cultures and life circumstances impacted everyday life during the pandemic. Ultimately the analysis demonstrates how experiences of global social upheaval are shaped by international and local policies, as well as the sociocultural ideas and practices of diverse families.

Beschreibung: Deliverable D2.3 reports the work performed in task 2.3 “Metal complexation and mineral precipitation” within the Reflect project. The task is divided into the subtasks 2.3.1 “Mineral solubility and precipitation kinetics”, 2.3.2 “Mineral precipitation by impedance spectroscopy” and 2.3.3 “Modelling mineral solubility”. A combination of experimental design, performed experiments and numerical modelling have increased the knowledge of mineral solubility and precipitation at high salinity condition in geothermal fluids.

Beschreibung: The Mallik Anticline is a geologic structure in the Mackenzie Delta in the Canadian Arctic. Tectonics throughout the Cenozoic, with compressional phases in the early Eocene to the late Miocene, formed this large, domed structure that is today an important source of hydrocarbons. Gas hydrates occur in the clastic sedimentary rocks of the Oligocene to Pleistocene Kugmallite, Mackenzie Bay, and Iperk sequences, which were essentially formed by deltaic processes. The presence of hydrocarbon gases within the permafrost zone in the Canadian Arctic has led to extensive exploration and production activities in the region since the mid-1960s, and the investigations by geologists and geophysicists have already been published in numerous scientific articles to date. This report describes the implementation of the first field-scale 3D static geologic model of the Mallik site, which was created using data from well logs and 2D seismic reflection profiles. The dataset related to this report provides elevation depths and thickness data of the three distinct sequence boundaries Kugmallit-Richards, Mackenzie Bay-Kugmallit and Iperk-Mackenzie Bay as well as fault data from the Mallik site.

Beschreibung: The classical way to model the stress state in a rock volume is to estimate displacement boundary conditions that minimize the deviation of the modelled stress state with respect to model-independent stress information such as stress magnitude data. However, these data records are usually subject to significant uncertainties and measurement errors. Hence, it has to be expected that not all stress magnitude data records are representative and can be used in a model. In order to identify unreliable stress data records, the stress state that is based on individual data records is solved and compared with observations at a few discrete locations. While this method works, it is not efficient in that most of the solved model scenarios will be discarded. The solving of the entire model consumes immense amount of computation time for a high-resolution model. Yet, the stress state is required at only a very limited number of locations. For linear geomechanical models it is sufficient to estimate the stress state from three model scenarios with arbitrary, but different displacement boundary conditions. These three results can be used to estimate analytically using a linear regression at discrete points stress states based on user-defined boundary conditions. The tool Fast Automatic Stress Tensor Estimation (FAST Estimation) is a Python function that automatizes this approach. FAST Estimation provides very efficiently the stress states at pre-defined locations for all possible boundary conditions. It does not provide the continuous stress field as provided by a solved geomechanical model. Instead, it is a cost-efficient solution for the rapid assessment of stress states at a limited number of discrete locations based on pre-defined boundary conditions.

Beschreibung: During weathering of the deep rocks, many actors act together. This is a property characteristic of the entire “Earth system”. For example, fractures open up, through which water flows that carries carbon and reagants with it from above. New minerals are formed and open up further fractures. Large fractures are also a gateway for microbes from above. They multiply at depths where there is carbon and iron is oxidised. The explorer Alexander von Humboldt stated “Everything is interaction”. Under and on the earth. In our example, soil is created.

Beschreibung: Weathering needs fractures in the rock. When two tectonic plates collide, the plates slide against each other. During earthquakes fractures in the rock are created. The microscope reveals tiny cracks running through the rock. These micro-fractures are caused by the movement of the rocks against each other, but also when erosion at the Earth's surface removes the burden of the overlying rock. Fractures are necessary to bring water, reagents, and microbes to depth to weather rocks.

Beschreibung: To weather rock, reagents are required. For example, CO2 is found in rainwater as carbonic acid or CO2 is produced by plant roots and by microbes. Through the large fractures carbonic acid and CO2 reach great depth – dissolved in water. Through the fine fractures they reach the interior of the rock. There they dissolve minerals, like the feldspar. New, completely different minerals form, for example clay minerals. They create fine fractures through which water with carbon can penetrate further and the weathering begins again.

Beschreibung: Weathering of rock needs water. A rock fractured by tectonic movement is gradually eroded from above, and it moves closer towards the Earth's surface. There it is exposed to precipitation and water begins to penetrate the soil and the layers beneath the soil. Through the tectonic fractures, the water can reach great depths. This is a rapid transport process. At a millimetre scale the water slowly moves into the interior along the smallest cracks that occur there. This is a slow transport process. The water can now weather rocks from the inside.

Beschreibung: Living organisms can also weather rocks. There are microorganisms in deep rock – in the "deep biosphere". With flowing water, the microbes are transported from soil through the fractures to depth. Down there, in complete darkness, the microbes live on water, carbon, and energy. They can oxidise iron in minerals and receive energy in the process. The iron-containing minerals are oxidised, carbon is consumed, and more and more microbes are created. This is how the deep biosphere keeps itself alive and weathers the rock at the same time.

Beschreibung: Se descubre un misterioso crimen en un almacén. Muchas rocas han sido asesinadas. El detective Hércule Poirot emprende la investigación del caso. Para ello, contrata a un grupo de geo-científicos internacionales que buscan a los "culpables" en una campaña de perforación en los espectaculares paisajes de Chile. Los científicos encuentran pruebas del crimen en laboratorios de investigación y presentan una sorprendente solución al caso de asesinato. Esta película aborda una pregunta científica: ¿Cómo se convierte la roca en suelo en las profundidades de la superficie terrestre? Los cuatro "sospechosos" (es decir, los procesos) son las fracturas en la roca, el flujo de agua, los reactivos químicos y los microbios, los cuales se ven en acción en animaciones. Sin embargo, estas hipótesis no pueden demostrarse directamente, sólo puede demostrarse que son falsas, como una coartada en un caso criminal. Vea la película para averiguar si los investigadores logran resolver el caso. Esta película se produjo en el marco del proyecto germano-chileno "EarthShape – Earth iSurface Shaping by Biota". Puede ver de qué se trata aquí: La piel de la Tierra - donde la vida se encuentra con las rocas

Beschreibung: An unbelievable crime is discovered in a storage facility. Rocks have been murdered! Detective Hercule Poirot takes up the investigation. He hires a group of international geo-researchers to search for the "suspects" in a drilling campaign in the spectacular landscapes of Chile. They find evidence of the crime in research laboratories - and present a surprising solution to the murder case. The film addresses a scientific question: how does weathering deep below the Earth's surface turn rock into soil? The four "suspects" (meaning processes) - fractures in the rock, water flow, chemical reagents, and microbes are seen in action in animations. However, they only serve as hypotheses that cannot be directly proven. They can only be shown to be false – just like an alibi in a criminal case. Watch the movie to see whether the researchers succeed. The film was produced as part of the German-Chilean project "EarthShape – Earth Surface Shaping by Biota". Another video can be seen here: The Skin of the Earth - Where Life Meets Rocks

Beschreibung: This report presents the European High-Resolution Exposure (EHRE) model, which we created by combining the state-of-the art exposure model of the European Seismic Risk Model 2020 (ESRM20) with building footprints and data from OpenStreetMap previously processed by OpenBuildingMap. We present the method used to generate the model and the software we developed for this purpose, as well as a number of outputs that give an overview of what the model consists of and enable discussion.

Beschreibung: This deliverable summarizes the optimization workflow to determine the optimum operational controls for the geothermal assets operation considering the uncertainties in the brine composition. The developed models for coupling hydrodynamics with chemistry and uncertainty quantification workflow for estimating the risk of scaling in geothermal plants were integrated with a stochastic optimization model. Results showed the demonstration of such an integrated workflow applied to a scaling precipitation case study and possible variations in operational decisions due to uncertainties in the brine composition.

Beschreibung: This document presents the application of coupled hydrogeochemical codes to the modelling of geothermal fluid reactivity in tubings during the production of geothermal energy. Two codes are used on two examples of fluids: one is very concentrated with a moderate temperature (no phase changes during the pumping) and one hot fluid with a lower salinity (with phase change). Results focus on the risks of scaling during the exploitation.

Beschreibung: Risk maps are created with the objective of providing improved operational advice on scaling mitigation. The issue of prevailing uncertainties and variations in fluid and gas data had to be tackled to provide accurate model predictions and risk assessments. The developed risk map workflow is demonstrated for calcite scaling risks of the West-Netherlands Basin.

Beschreibung: The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) scientific drilling project characterises the structure and orogenic processes involved in a major collisional mountain belt by multi-disciplinary geoscientific research. Located in western central Sweden, the project has drilled its second fully cored borehole COSC-2 in 2020. It extends the COSC composite geological section through the nappes of the Caledonian Lower Allochthon, the main décollement and the upper kilometre of basement rocks. COSC-2 targets include the characterisation of orogen-scale detachments, the impact of orogenesis on the basement below the detachment, and the Early Cambrian palaeoenvironment on the outer margin of palaeocontinent Baltica. This is complemented by research on heat flow, groundwater flow, and characterisation of the microbial community in the present hard rock environment of the relict mountain belt. COSC-2 successfully and within budget recovered a continuous drill core to 2276 m depth. The retrieved geological section is partially different from the expected geological section with respect to the depth to the main décollement and the expected rock types. The intensity of deformation in the rocks in the upper part of the drill core might impede the analysis of the Early Cambrian palaeoenvironment. However, the superb quality of the drill core and the borehole will facilitate research on the remaining targets and beyond. Although on-site science was reduced due to Covid-19 related restrictions, COSC-2 drilling was complemented by extensive downhole surveys. However, the geological description of the drill core and the sampling party were severely delayed, with the later being held about two years after drilling, concluding the operational phase of the project.

Beschreibung: This report describes the activities performed within Task 1.2 “Report on gas solubility and degassing kinetic (type C)” until the end of month 40 of the REFLECT project. Two series of experiments have been carried out that assess the degassing process of type C geothermal fluids respectively in bulk and porous media. This has resulted in an improved understanding of the process and the associated physical phenomena by utilizing experimental equipment and data analysis tools specifically created for this task.

Beschreibung: This report describes the activities performed within Task 1.3 “Summary of gas solubility and degassing kinetics (type A)” until the end of month 39 of the REFLECT project. Two series of experiments have been carried out that assess the degassing process of type A geothermal fluids respectively in bulk and porous media. This has resulted in an improved understanding of the process and the associated physical phenomena by utilizing experimental equipment and data analysis tools specifically created for this task.

Beschreibung: All datasets provided in the operational dataset (DOVE-Phase 1 Scientific Team et al., 2023b) of the ICDP project DOVE phase 1 (ICDP 5068) consist of metadata, data and/or images. Here, we summarize explanations on the tables, data and images exported from the database of the project (mDIS DOVE) as well as some basic explanations on identifiers used in ICDP, depths corrections and measurements that are integrated into the dataset.

Beschreibung: A detailed understanding of the geological structural elements is vital for geothermal reservoir exploration. Among existing geophysical methods, seismic methods are most commonly used for subsurface imaging due to the relatively high resolution at significant depths. However, seismic campaigns are rather expensive. The high upfront investment cost represent a substantial barrier for heat/electricity production from geothermal resources. Thus, developing new techniques is vital for further reduction in exploration and drilling costs, which is necessary for geothermal project advancements. Within the framework of the joint research project RissDom-A, the subsurface exploration of the Groß Schönebeck in-situ geothermal laboratory, situated 40 km north of Berlin, a seismic survey was carried out using 3D surface seismic and 3D vertical seismic profiling methods. VSP was acquired with wireline distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), which allows converting a freely suspended fibre optic cable inside a borehole into a dense array of seismic sensors to record strain or strain rate. In this thesis, the applicability of this method is evaluated for seismic imaging of an enhanced geothermal reservoir. The survey design consisted of 61 vibrator source positions organised in a spiral pattern around the boreholes E GrSk 3/90 and Gt GrSk 4/05 in such a way to optimise the illumination of the reservoir. The DAS recordings have an excellent signal-to-noise ratio (40-50 dB around 1000 m, 4-10 dB at around 4200 m). This data quality was reached with 16 vertical stacking rates on average. In addition, a comparison with a conventional accelerometer measurement showed excellent waveforms agreement. The acquisition campaign was conducted within four days, illustrating that wireline DAS is very attractive both from a data quality point of view and economically. A 3D VSP processing workflow was adapted to the Groß Schönebeck specifics and applied to the data. Particular depth ranges of the recorded data are subjected to strong coherent noise, which has a distinct pattern both in the time and the frequency domain. This type of noise is related to the poor coupling conditions of the cable in the borehole. For signal-to-noise ratio improvement, several existing denoising methods have been analysed. After coupling noise filter function assessment, a new noise elimination method was proposed based on the matching pursuit decomposition technique with Gabor atoms. The developed processing routine was uniformly applied to the whole dataset, which significantly improved the data quality, and as a result, migration images created using the Kirchhoff depth migration algorithm with restricted aperture. After data processing, a detailed subsurface analysis in the vicinity of the boreholes at the Groß Schönebeck was carried out using the 3D DAS VSP image. The resulting borehole cube data resolve new features that could not be imaged with the 3D surface seismic cube due to the lower resolution of the 3D surface seismic cube, with respect to the 3D VSP cube. Complex thin interlaying of the Upper Rotliegend horizons has been revealed in the geothermal reservoir section, allowing for the first time to access and characterise so-called “phantom horizons” which are typical for the Brandenburg area, Germany. Furthermore, the borehole cube provided new insights on two main targets for future exploration. The 3D DAS VSP cube revealed an intra-reservoir structure inside the Elbe reservoir sandstone layer, which could represent porous parts of a stacked fluvial sandstone body. The estimated thickness of this structure varies between 25 to 40 m, which is thinner than previous estimations. Additionally, a lower Rotliegend unconformity (at around 4.2 km depth) was mapped in the study area. This allowed to estimate the possible thickness of the vulcanite sections below this boundary. VSP data thus helped to reduce the uncertainty and exploration risks by providing valuable information for the geological characterisation of the Groß Schönebeck site. With this successful case study I demonstrated that fibre optic data could significantly contribute to the characterisation of deep geothermal reservoirs. Consequently, presented results contribute to the wireline distributed acoustic sensing method promotion to develop modern, reliable and economically affordable exploration methods for geothermal energy assessments.

Beschreibung: Ein detailliertes Verständnis der geologischen Strukturelemente ist für die Erkundung geothermischer Reservoire unerlässlich. Unter den bekannten geophysikalischen Methoden werden vor allem seismische Untersuchungen zur Abbildung des Untergrunds aufgrund der vergleichsweise hohen Auflösung bis in große Tiefen genutzt. Seismikkampagnen sind jedoch verhältnismäßig teuer. Die hohen Anfangsinvestitionskosten bilden eine erhebliche Hürde für die Wärme- und Stromproduktion aus geothermischen Ressourcen. Daher ist die Entwicklung neuer Techniken zur Reduktion von Exploarations- und Bohrkosten für die notwendige Förderung geothermischer Projekte essenziell. Im Rahmen des Verbundforschungsprojekts RissDom-A, der Untergrunderkundung des 40 km nördlich von Berlin gelegenen Groß Schönebeck in-situ Geothermielabors, wurden seismische Messungen durchgeführt, bestehend aus einer 3D-Oberflächen- und einer 3D-Bohrlochseismik. Die VSP-Daten (Vertical Seismic Profiling) wurden mittels kabelgebundenem DAS (Wireline Distributed Acoustic Sensing) aufgezeichnet, was die Umwandlung eines frei im Bohrloch hängenden faseroptischen Kabels in ein dichtes Array seismischer Sensoren zur Registrierung von Strain oder Strain-Rate erlaubt. In dieser Doktorarbeit wird die Anwendbarkeit dieser Methodik für die seismische Abbildung von EGS-Reservoiren (Enhanced Geothermal System) eingehend ausgewertet. Die Messkonfiguration bestand aus 61 Vibrator-Quellpositionen, die in einem spiralförmigen Pattern um die beiden Bohrlöcher E GrSk 3/90 und Gt GrSk 4/05 derart verteilt wurden, dass eine optimale Durchschallung des Reservoirs gegeben war. Die DAS-Aufzeichnungen zeigen ein exzellentes Signal/Rausch-Verhältnis (40-50 dB bei ca. 1000 m, 4-10 dB bei ca. 4200 m). Diese Datenqualität konnte aufgrund der durchschnittlich 16-fachen vertikalen Stapelrate erzielt werden. Zu Vergleichswecken zusätzlich vorgenommene konventionelle Beschleunigungsaufnehmer- Messungen zeigen eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung der Wellenformen. Die Messkampagne umfasste vier Tage, was die Attraktivität von Wireline-DAS unter sowohl qualitativen als auch ökonomischen Aspekten überzeugend demonstriert. Eine 3D-VSP Bearbeitungssequenz wurde an die Besonderheiten der Groß Schönebeck Messungen angepasst und auf die Daten angewendet. Einzelne Tiefenbereiche der Aufzeichnungen enthalten starke kohärente Störsignale, die ein ausgeprägtes Muster sowohl im Zeitals auch im Frequenzbereich aufweisen. Diese Art Noise ist auf eine ungenügende Ankopplung des Kabels im Bohrloch zurückzuführen. Zur Verbesserung des Signal/Rausch-Verhältnisses wurden verschiedene gebräuchliche Unterdrückungsmethoden untersucht. Nach Analyse der Kopplungsnoise-Filterfunktion konnte eine neuartige Methode zur Rauschunterdrückung etabliert werden, welche auf einer Matching-Pursuit Dekompositionstechnik mit Gabor-Atomen basiert. Der auf diese Weise entwickelte Prozessierungsansatz wurde gleichmäßig auf den gesamten Datensatz angewendet, was die Datenqualität signifikant erhöhte, so dass in der Folge Migrationsabbilder unter Verwendung eines Kirchhoff-Tiefenmigrationsverfahrens mit beschränkter Apertur erzeugt werden konnten. Nach erfolgter Datenbearbeitung wurde anhand der DAS/VSP 3D-Daten eine detaillierte Untergrundanalyse im Bereich der Groß Schönebeck Bohrlöcher durchgeführt. Das resultierende Bohrlochaten-Volumen löst viele neue Details auf, die mit dem 3D-Volumen der Oberflächenseismik aufgrund des vergleichsweise geringeren Auflösungsvermögens nicht abgebildet wurden. So konnten in der geothermischen Reservoirsektion komplexe dünnschichtige Einlagerungen im Oberen Rotliegend nachgewiesen werden, die erstmalig die Ansprache und Charakterisierung sogenannter „Phantom-Horizonte“ ermöglichen, wie sie typisch für das Gebiet Brandenburg, Deutschland sind. Weiterhin liefert der Bohrlochdaten-Kubus neue Einblicke auf zwei Hauptziele zukünftiger Explorationen. Das DAS/VSP 3D-Datenvolumen zeigt eine Intra-Reservoir Strukur innerhalb der Elbe-Sandstein Schicht, die poröse Anteile eines gestapelten fluvialen Sandsteinkörpers repräsentieren könnte. Die geschätzte Mächtigkeit dieser Struktur variiert zwischen 25 und 40 m, was dünner ist, als zuvor angenommen. Des weiteren konnte im Untersuchungsgebiet eine Diskordanz im Unteren Rotliegend (in einer Tiefe von ca 4.2 km) kartiert werden. Dies erlaubt es, die mögliche Mächtigkeit der Vulkanite darunter abzuschätzen. Somit helfen die VSP-Daten dabei, die Unklarheiten und das Explorationsrisiko zu reduzieren, indem sie wertvolle Informationen zur geologischen Charakterisierung des Groß Schönebeck Standorts liefern. Mit dieser Fallstudie konnte ich erfolgreich demonstrieren, dass mithilfe faseroptischen Kabels gewonnene Messdaten zur Charakterisierung geothermischer Reservoire maßgeblich beitragen können. In der Konsequenz fördern die präsentierten Ergebnisse die Bedeutung von Wireline Distributed Acoustic Sensing im Hinblick auf eine moderne, verlässliche und ökonomische Explorationsmethode für geothermische Energiekonzepte.

Beschreibung: The 3D geomechanical-numerical modelling aims at a continuous description of the stress state in a subsurface volume. The model is fitted to the model-independent stress data records by adaptation of the displacement boundary conditions. This process is herein referred to as model calibration. Depending on the amount of available stress data records and the complexity of the model the calibration can be a lengthy process of trial-and-error to estimate the best-fit boundary conditions. The tool FAST Calibration (Fast Automatic Stress Tensor Calibration) is a Matlab script that facilitates and speeds up this calibration process. By using a linear regression it requires only three test model scenarios with different displacement boundary conditions to calibrate a geomechanical-numerical model on available stress data records. The differences between the modelled and observed stresses are used for the linear regression that allows to compute the displacement boundary conditions required for the best-fit estimation. The influence of observed stress data records on the best-fit displacement boundary conditions can be weighted. Furthermore, FAST Calibration provides a cross checking of the best-fit estimate against indirect stress information that cannot be used for the calibration process, such as the observation of borehole breakouts or drilling induced fractures. In order to bridge the scale gap between a regional stress model and a local reservoir model, the multistage calibration procedure is applied where a local model is calibrated solely on the stress state provided by a regional model. FAST Calibration provides the necessary tools and guidelines. The script files are provided for download at http://github.com/MorZieg/FAST_Calibration. Tab. 0-1 gives an overview of the folder structure and input files with a short explanation.