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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Gene Structure and Expression 1216 (1993), S. 385-394 
    ISSN: 0167-4781
    Keywords: (Human) ; Evolution ; Genetic variation ; Genomic structure ; Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP)
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-01-17
    Description: Stress maps show the orientation of the current maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) in the earth's crust. Assuming that the vertical stress (SV) is a principal stress, SHmax defines the orientation of the 3D stress tensor; the minimum horizontal stress Shmin is than perpendicular to SHmax. In stress maps SHmax orientations are represented as lines of different lengths. The length of the line is a measure of the quality of data and the symbol shows the stress indicator and the color the stress regime. The stress data are freely available and part of the World Stress Map (WSM) project. For more information about the data and criteria of data analysis and quality mapping are plotted along the WSM website at http://www.world-stress-map.org. The stress map of Taiwan 2022 is based on the WSM database release 2016. However, all data records have been checked and we added a large number of new data from earthquake focal mechanisms from the national earthquake catalog and from publications. The total number of data records has increased from n=401 in the WSM 2016 to n=6,498 (4,234 with A-C quality) in the stress map of Taiwan 2022 The update with earthquake focal mechanims is even larger since another 1313 earthquake focal mechanism data records beyond the scale of this map have been added to the WSM database. The digital version of the stress map is a layered pdf file generated with GMT (Wessel et al., 2019). It also provide estimates of the mean SHmax orientation on a regular 0.1° grid using the tool stress2grid (Ziegler and Heidbach, 2019). Two mean SHmax orientations are estimated with search radii of r=25 and 50 km, respectively, and with weights according to distance and data quality. The stress map and data are available on the landing page at https://doi.org/10.5880/WSM.Taiwan2022 where further information is provided. The earthquake focal mechanism that are used for this stress map are provided by the Taiwan Earthquake Research Center (TEC) available at the TEC Data Center (https://tec.earth.sinica.edu.tw).
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-07-08
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-07-10
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-07-10
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-11-18
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 7
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    GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2020-08-19
    Description: This open access database compiles stress magnitude information from various sources. It currently includes 568 data records in the area of Germany and adjacent regions (latitude: 47 - 55.5 N; longitude: 5.8 - 15.1 E). The data records are ranked after a newly developed quality scheme for stress magnitude data. The data are provided in two formats: Excel-file (stressmagdata_germany_2020.xlsx), comma separated fields (stressmagdata_germany_2020.csv). Additional files include a) an overview over the compiled parameters including the abbreviation keys for stress magnitude indicators and stress regimes (List_of_parameters.pdf); b) the key for the referenced data sources (Key_for_ref_labels.pdf); and c) the applied quality ranking scheme (Quality_ranking_scheme.pdf).
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: Knowledge of the crustal stress state is important for the assessment of subsurface stability. In particular, stress magnitudes are essential for the calibration of geomechanical models that estimate a continuous description of the 3-D stress field from pointwise and incomplete stress data. Well established is the World Stress Map Project, a global and publicly available database for stress orientations, but for stress magnitude data only local data collections are available. Herein, we present the first comprehensive and open-access stress magnitude database for Germany and adjacent regions, consisting of 568 data records. In addition, we introduce a quality ranking scheme for stress magnitude data for the first time.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-08-25
    Description: The contemporary stress state in the upper crust is of great interest for geotechnical applications and basic research alike. However, our knowledge of the crustal stress field from the data perspective is limited. For Germany basically two datasets are available: orientations of the maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) and the stress regime as part of the World Stress Map (WSM) database as well as a complementary compilation of stress magnitude data of Germany and adjacent regions. However, these datasets only provide pointwise, incomplete and heterogeneous information of the 3D stress tensor. Here, we present a geomechanical–numerical model that provides a continuous description of the contemporary 3D crustal stress state on a regional scale for Germany. The model covers an area of about 1000×1250 km2 and extends to a depth of 100 km containing seven units, with specific material properties (density and elastic rock properties) and laterally varying thicknesses: a sedimentary unit, four different units of the upper crust, the lower crust and the lithospheric mantle. The model is calibrated by the two datasets to achieve a best-fit regarding the SHmax orientations and the minimum horizontal stress magnitudes (Shmin). The modeled orientations of SHmax are almost entirely within the uncertainties of the WSM data used and the Shmin magnitudes fit to various datasets well. Only the SHmax magnitudes show locally significant deviations, primarily indicating values that are too low in the lower part of the model. The model is open for further refinements regarding model geometry, e.g., additional layers with laterally varying material properties, and incorporation of future stress measurements. In addition, it can provide the initial stress state for local geomechanical models with a higher resolution.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    In:  Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal - SaND
    Publication Date: 2022-01-24
    Description: The stress field in the Earth's crust plays a central role in the site-selection process for a deep geological repository for high-level nuclear waste. Site selection and construction planning must take into account several factors that are influenced by the stress state. These include the excavation damage zone, the hydraulic permeability of the host rock, the self-sealing capacity, the effects of seismic events and the possible reactivation of faults as migration pathways for fluids and radionuclides. Likewise, the initial stress state is of central importance for the long-term studies to prove site safety over 1 Ma. To obtain a continuous description of the current 3D stress state, 3D geomechanical numerical models are used. These models have to be calibrated with data on stress magnitudes to obtain robust predictions. One of the central goals of the SpannEnD project (Spannungsmodell Endlagerung Deutschland, http://www.spannend-projekt.de, last access: 31 October 2021) was to build the first comprehensive and publicly accessible stress magnitude database for Germany, including a quality ranking of the data compiled from different methods. This database is the logical extension of the database of the World Stress Map project, in which so far only information on stress orientations and the stress regime has been compiled systematically. We present this first compilation of stress magnitude data published and made available by Morawietz et al. (2020). The stress data density is generally low and heterogeneous, so that a model calibration at the scale of a site model is not possible. Therefore, the main objective of the SpannEnD project is to develop a 3D geomechanical numerical model for the whole of Germany. The resulting 3D stress field will provide the basis for regional and local models in a later phase of the site selection process. Details on this are presented in three complementary contributions in this symposium by Reiter et al., Röckel et al. and Ahlers et al. The new Geology Data Act (Geologie-Datengesetz) now allows access to considerably more data, which will be incorporated into an update of the database after assessment according to the defined quality criteria. This database extension will improve the reliability of the predictions of the geomechanical models on different spatial scales.
    Description: Das Spannungsfeld in der Erdkruste spielt eine zentrale Rolle bei der Standortauswahl für ein geologisches Tiefenlager für hoch radioaktive Abfälle. Bei der Standortauswahl und Bauplanung müssen mehrere Faktoren berücksichtigt werden, die durch den Spannungszustand beeinflusst werden. Diese beinhalten die Auflockerungszone, die hydraulische Durchlässigkeit des Wirtsgesteins, das Selbstabdichtungsvermögen, die Auswirkungen seismischer Ereignisse und die mögliche Reaktivierung von Störungen als Transportwege für Fluide und Radionuklide. Ebenso ist der initiale Spannungszustand von zentraler Bedeutung für Langzeitstudien zum Nachweis der Standortsicherheit über 1 Ma. Für eine kontinuierliche Beschreibung des derzeitigen 3D-Spannungszustands werden geomechanisch-numerische 3D-Modelle benutzt. Diese Modelle müssen mit Spannungsmagnitudendaten kalibriert werden, um belastbare Vorhersagen treffen zu können. Eines der zentralen Ziele des SpannEnD-Projekts (Spannungsmodell Endlagerung Deutschland, http://www.spannend-projekt.de, letzter Zugriff: 31. Oktober 2021) war es, die erste umfassende und öffentlich zugängliche Spannungsmagnituden-Datenbank für Deutschland aufzubauen, einschließlich einer Qualitätseinstufung der kompilierten Daten aus verschiedenen Methoden. Diese Datenbank ist die logische Erweiterung der Datenbank des World-Stress-Map-Projekts, in der bisher nur Informationen zu Spannungsorientierungen und Spannungsregime systematisch kompiliert wurden. Wir präsentieren hier diese erste Kompilation von Spannungsmagnitudendaten, die von Morawietz et al. (2020) veröffentlicht und zur Verfügung gestellt wurde. Die Dichte der Spannungsdaten ist generell niedrig und heterogen, sodass eine Modellkalibrierung im Maßstab eines Standortmodells nicht möglich ist. Deshalb ist das wichtigste Ziel des SpannEnD-Projekts, ein geomechanisch-numerisches 3D-Modell für ganz Deutschland zu entwickeln. Das resultierende 3D-Spannungsfeld wird die Basis für regionale und lokale Modelle in einer späteren Phase des Standortauswahlverfahrens bilden. Details dazu werden in diesem Symposium in drei weiteren Beiträgen von Reiter et al., Röckel et al. und Ahlers et al. präsentiert. Das neue Geologie-Datengesetz erlaubt jetzt den Zugang zu erheblich mehr Daten, die nach Beurteilung nach definierten Qualitätskriterien in ein Datenbank-Update integriert werden. Diese Ausweitung der Datenbank wird die Vorhersagezuverlässigkeit der geomechanischen Modelle auf verschiedenen räumlichen Skalen deutlich verbessern.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
    Format: application/pdf
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