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  • 1
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    Biomass and Remote Sensing of Biomass (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: environmental remote sensing ; biomass
    Description / Table of Contents: Generally, the term biomass is used for all materials originating from photosynthesis. However, biomass can equally apply to animals. Conservation and management of biomass is very important. There are various ways and methods for biomass evaluation. One of these methods is remote sensing. Remote sensing provides information about biomass, but also about biodiversity and environmental factors estimation over a wide area. The great potential of remote sensing has received considerable attention over the last few decades in many different areas in biological sciences including nutrient status assessment, weed abundance, deforestation, glacial features in Arctic and Antarctic regions, depth sounding of coastal and ocean depths, and density mapping. The salient features of the book include: Several aspects of biomass study and survey Use of remote sensing for evaluation of biomass Evaluation of carbon storage in ecosystems Evaluation of primary productivity through case studies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (262 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533074900
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/biomass-and-remote-sensing-of-biomass
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Air Quality (2010)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences ; air pollution ; air quality ; environmental engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: Air pollution is about five decades or so old field and continues to be a global concern. Therefore, the governments around the world are involved in managing air quality in their countries for the welfare of their citizens. The management of air pollution involves understanding air pollution sources, monitoring of contaminants, modeling air quality, performing laboratory experiments, the use of satellite images for quantifying air quality levels, indoor air pollution, and elimination of contaminants through control. Research activities are being performed on every aspect of air pollution throughout the world, in order to respond to public concerns. The book is grouped in five different sections. Some topics are more detailed than others. The readers should be aware that multi-authored books have difficulty maintaining consistency. A reader will find, however, that each chapter is intellectually stimulating. Our goal was to provide current information and present a reasonable analysis of air quality data compiled by knowledgeable professionals in the field of air pollution.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (382 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533071312
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/show/title/air-quality
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Air Pollution (2010)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences ; air pollution ; air quality ; environmental engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: Although the climate of the Earth is continually changing from the very beginning, anthropogenic effects, the pollution of the air by combustion and industrial activities make it change so quickly that the adaptation is very difficult for all living organisms. Researcher's role is to make this adaptation easier, to prepare humankind to the new circumstances and challenges, to trace and predict the effects and, if possible, even decrease the harmfulness of these changes. In this book we provide an interdisciplinary collection of new studies and findings on the score of air pollution.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (370 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533071435
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/show/title/air-pollution
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Geoscience and Remote Sensing, New Achievements (2010)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: civil engineering ; geology ; geophysics ; geodesy ; remote sensing
    Description / Table of Contents: Our planet is nowadays continuously monitored by powerful remote sensors operating in wide portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Our capability of acquiring detailed information on the environment has been revolutionized by revealing its inner structure, morphology and dynamical changes. The way we now observe and study the evolution of the Earth’s status has even radically influenced our perception and conception of the world we live in. The aim of this book is to bring together contributions from experts to present new research results and prospects of the future developments in the area of geosciences and remote sensing; emerging research directions are discussed. The volume consists of twenty-six chapters, encompassing both theoretical aspects and application-oriented studies. An unfolding perspective on various current trends in this extremely rich area is offered. The book chapters can be categorized along different perspectives, among others, use of active or passive sensors, employed technologies and configurations, considered scenario on the Earth, scientific research area involved in the studies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (508 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789537619978
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/show/title/geoscience-and-remote-sensing-new-achievements
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Soil Erosion Studies (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: soil science
    Description / Table of Contents: Soil erosion affects a large part of the Earth surface, and accelerated soil erosion is recognized as one of the main soil threats, compromising soil productive and protective functions. The land management in areas affected by soil erosion is a relevant issue for landscape and ecosystems preservation. In this book we collected a series of papers on erosion, not focusing on agronomic implications, but on a variety of other relevant aspects of the erosion phenomena. The book is divided into three sections: i) various implications of land management in arid and semiarid ecosystems, ii) erosion modeling and experimental studies; iii) other applications (e.g. geoscience, engineering). The book covers a wide range of erosion-related themes from a variety of points of view (assessment, modeling, mitigation, best practices etc.).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077109
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/soil-erosion-studies
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Tsunami : A Growing Disaster (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: tsunami ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: The objective of this multi-disciplinary book is to provide a collection of expert writing on different aspects of pre- and post- tsunami developments and management techniques. It is intended to be distributed within the scientific community and among the decision makers for tsunami risk reduction. The presented chapters have been thoroughly reviewed and accepted for publication. It presents advanced methods for tsunami measurement using Ocean-bottom pressure sensor, kinematic GPS buoy, satellite altimetry, Paleotsunami, Ionospheric sounding, early warning system, and scenario based numerical modeling. It continues to present case studies from the Northern Caribbean, Makran region and Tamil Nadu coast in India. Furthermore, classifying tsunamis into local, regional and global, their possible impact on the region and its immediate vicinity is highlighted. It also includes the effects of tsunami hazard on the coastal environment and infrastructure (structures, lifelines, water resources, bridges, dykes, etc.); and finally the need for emergency medical response preparedness and the prevention of psychological consequences of the affected survivors has been discussed.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533074313
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/tsunami-a-growing-disaster
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Earth Observation (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: remote sensing ; observation ; earth and planetary sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Today, space technology is used as an excellent instrument for Earth observation applications. Data is collected using satellites and other available platforms for remote sensing. Remote sensing data collection detects a wide range of electromagnetic energy which is emitting, transmitting, or reflecting from the Earth's surface. Appropriate detection systems are needed to implement further data processing. Space technology has been found to be a successful application for studying climate change, as current and past data can be dynamically compared. This book presents different aspects of climate change and discusses space technology applications.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (254 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079738
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/earth-observation
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Earth and Environmental Sciences (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: earth sciences ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: We are increasingly faced with environmental problems and required to make important decisions. In many cases an understanding of one or more geologic processes is essential to finding the appropriate solution. Earth and Environmental Sciences are by their very nature a dynamic field in which new issues continue to arise and old ones often evolve. The principal aim of this book is to present the reader with a broad overview of Earth and Environmental Sciences. Hopefully, this recent research will provide the reader with a useful foundation for discussing and evaluating specific environmental issues, as well as for developing ideas for problem solving. The book has been divided into nine sections; Geology, Geochemistry, Seismology, Hydrology, Hydrogeology, Mineralogy, Soil, Remote Sensing and Environmental Sciences.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (630 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533074689
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/earth-and-environmental-sciences
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: energy engineering ; renewable resources
    Description / Table of Contents: Worldwide attention to environmental issues combined with the energy crisis force us to reduce greenhouse emissions and increase the usage of renewable energy sources as a solution to providing an efficient environment. This book addresses the current issues of sustainable growth and applications in renewable energy sources. The fifteen chapters of the book have been divided into two sections to organize the information accessible to readers. The book provides a variety of material, for instance on policies aiming at the promotion of sustainable development and implementation aspects of RES.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (338 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533074085
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/show/title/sustainable-growth-and-applications-in-renewable-energy-sources
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Power Quality Harmonics Analysis and Real Measurements Data (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: energy engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: Nowadays, the increasing use of power electronics equipment origins important distortions. The perfect AC power systems are a pure sinusoidal wave, both voltage and current, but the ever-increasing existence of non-linear loads modify the characteristics of voltage and current from the ideal sinusoidal wave. This deviation from the ideal wave is reflected by the harmonics and, although its effects vary depending on the type of load, it affects the efficiency of an electrical system and can cause considerable damage to the systems and infrastructures. Ensuring optimal power quality after a good design and devices means productivity, efficiency, competitiveness and profitability. Nevertheless, nobody can assure the optimal power quality when there is a good design if the correct testing and working process from the obtained data is not properly assured at every instant; this entails processing the real data correctly. In this book the reader will be introduced to the harmonics analysis from the real measurement data and to the study of different industrial environments and electronic devices.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (278 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533073354
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/show/title/power-quality-harmonics-analysis-and-real-measurements-data
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: energy engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: The utilization of renewable energy sources such as wind energy, or solar energy, among others, is currently of greater interest. Nevertheless, since their availability is arbitrary and unstable this can lead to frequency variation, to grid instability and to a total or partial loss of load power supply, being not appropriate sources to be directly connected to the main utility grid. Additionally, the presence of a static converter as output interface of the generating plants introduces voltage and current harmonics into the electrical system that negatively affect system power quality. By integrating distributed power generation systems closed to the loads in the electric grid, we can eliminate the need to transfer energy over long distances through the electric grid. In this book the reader will be introduced to different power generation and distribution systems with an analysis of some types of existing disturbances and a study of different industrial applications such as battery charges.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533073293
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/show/title/electrical-generation-and-distribution-systems-and-power-quality-disturbances
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Biodiesel : Quality, Emissions and By-Products (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: energy engineering ; renewable resources
    Description / Table of Contents: This book entitled "Biodiesel: Quality, Emissions and By-products" covers topics related to biodiesel quality, performance of combustion engines that use biodiesel and the emissions they generate. New routes to determinate biodiesel properties are proposed and the process how the raw material source, impurities and production practices can affect the quality of the biodiesel is analyzed. In relation to the utilization of biofuel, the performance of combustion engines fuelled by biodiesel and biodiesels blends are evaluated. The applications of glycerol, a byproduct of the biodiesel production process as a feedstock for biotechnological processes, and a key compound of the biorefinery of the future is also emphasized.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077840
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/show/title/biodiesel-quality-emissions-and-by-products
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Ecosystems Biodiversity (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: biodiversity ; ecosystems ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Ecosystems can be considered as dynamic and interactive clusters made up of plants, animals and micro-organism communities. Inevitably, mankind is an integral part of each ecosystem and as such enjoys all its provided benefits. Driven by the increasing necessity to preserve the ecosystem productivity, several ecological studies have been conducted in the last few years, highlighting the current state in which our planet is, and focusing on future perspectives. This book contains comprehensive overviews and original studies focused on hazard analysis and evaluation of ecological variables affecting species diversity, richness and distribution, in order to identify the best management strategies to face and solve the conservation problems.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (464 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533074177
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/ecosystems-biodiversity
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Aquaculture and the Environment : A Shared Destiny (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: agricultural and biological sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Aquaculture is the art, science and business of cultivating aquatic animals and plants in fresh or marine waters. It is the extension of fishing, resulted from the fact that harvests of wild sources of fish and other aquatic species cannot keep up with the increased demand of a growing human population. Expansion of aquaculture can result with less care for the environment. The first pre-requisite to sustainable aquaculture is clean wate, but bad management of aquatic species production can alter or even destroy existing wild habitat, increase local pollution levels or negatively impact local species. Aquatic managers are aware of this and together with scientists are looking for modern and more effective solutions to many issues regarding fish farming. This book presents recent research results on the interaction between aquaculture and environment, and includes several case studies all over the world with the aim of improving and performing sustainable aquaculture.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (246 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077499
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/aquaculture-and-the-environment-a-shared-destiny
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Biodiversity Loss in a Changing Planet (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: biodiversity ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Every ecosystem is a complex organization of carefully mixed life forms; a dynamic and particularly sensible system. Consequently, their progressive decline may accelerate climate change and vice versa, influencing flora and fauna composition and distribution, resulting in the loss of biodiversity. Climate changes effects are the principal topics of this volume. Written by internationally renowned contributors, Biodiversity loss in a changing planet offers attractive study cases focused on biodiversity evaluations and provisions in several different ecosystems, analysing the current life condition of many life forms, and covering very different biogeographic zones of the planet.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (318 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077079
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/biodiversity-loss-in-a-changing-planet
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    The Tsunami Threat : Research and Technology (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: tsunami ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Submarine earthquakes, submarine slides and impacts may set large water volumes in motion characterized by very long wavelengths and a very high speed of lateral displacement, when reaching shallower water the wave breaks in over land – often with disastrous effects. This natural phenomenon is known as a tsunami event. By December 26, 2004, an event in the Indian Ocean, this word suddenly became known to the public. The effects were indeed disastrous and 227,898 people were killed. Tsunami events are a natural part of the Earth’s geophysical system. There have been numerous events in the past and they will continue to be a threat to humanity; even more so today, when the coastal zone is occupied by so much more human activity and many more people. Therefore, tsunamis pose a very serious threat to humanity. The only way for us to face this threat is by increased knowledge so that we can meet future events by efficient warning systems and aid organizations. This book offers extensive and new information on tsunamis; their origin, history, effects, monitoring, hazards assessment and proposed handling with respect to precaution. Only through knowledge do we know how to behave in a wise manner. This book should be a well of tsunami knowledge for a long time, we hope.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (714 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075525
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/the-tsunami-threat-research-and-technology
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Advances in Data, Methods, Models and Their Applications in Geoscience (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: With growing attention on global environmental and climate change, geoscience has experienced rapid change and development in the last three decades. Many new data, methods and modeling techniques have been developed and applied in various aspects of geoscience. The chapters collected in this book present an excellent profile of the current state of various data, analysis methods and modeling techniques, and demonstrate their applications from hydrology, geology and paleogeomorphology, to geophysics, environmental and climate change. The wide range methods and techniques covered in the book include information systems and technology, global position system (GPS), digital sediment core image analysis, fuzzy set theory for hydrology, spatial interpolation, spectral analysis of geophysical data, GIS-based hydrological models, high resolution geological models, 3D sedimentology, change detection from remote sensing, etc. Besides two comprehensive review articles, most chapters focus on in-depth studies of a particular method or technique.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077376
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/advances-in-data-methods-models-and-their-applications-in-geoscience
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    An Introduction to the Study of Mineralogy (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: mineralogy ; physical sciences ; engineering ; technology
    Description / Table of Contents: An Introduction to the Study of Mineralogy is a collection of papers that can be easily understood by a wide variety of readers, whether they wish to use it in their work, or simply to extend their knowledge. It is unique in that it presents a broad view of the mineralogy field. The book is intended for chemists, physicists, engineers, and the students of geology, geophysics, and soil science, but it will also be invaluable to the more advanced students of mineralogy who are looking for a concise revision guide.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (154 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533078960
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/an-introduction-to-the-study-of-mineralogy
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Management of Organic Waste (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: waste ; environmental engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: This book reports research on the utilization of organic waste through composting and vermicomposting, biogas production, recovery of waste materials, and the chemistry involved in the processing of organic waste under various processing aspects. A few chapters on collection systems and disposal of wastes have also been included.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079257
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/management-of-organic-waste
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    Remote Sensing of Planet Earth (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: remote sensing ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Monitoring of water and land objects enters a revolutionary age with the rise of ubiquitous remote sensing and public access. Earth monitoring satellites permit detailed, descriptive, quantitative, holistic, standardized, global evaluation of the state of the Earth skin in a manner that our actual Earthen civilization has never been able to before. The water monitoring topics covered in this book include the remote sensing of open water bodies, wetlands and small lakes, snow depth and underwater seagrass, along with a variety of remote sensing techniques, platforms, and sensors. The Earth monitoring topics include geomorphology, land cover in arid climate, and disaster assessment after a tsunami. Finally, advanced topics of remote sensing covers atmosphere analysis with GNSS signals, earthquake visual monitoring, and fundamental analyses of laser reflectometry in the atmosphere medium.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079196
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/remote-sensing-of-planet-earth
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    Fourier Transforms : Approach to Scientific Principles (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: mathematics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book aims to provide information about Fourier transform to those needing to use infrared spectroscopy, by explaining the fundamental aspects of the Fourier transform, and techniques for analyzing infrared data obtained for a wide number of materials. It summarizes the theory, instrumentation, methodology, techniques and application of FTIR spectroscopy, and improves the performance and quality of FTIR spectrophotometers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (468 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533072319
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/fourier-transforms-approach-to-scientific-principles
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  • 22
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    Doppler Radar Observations : Weather Radar, Wind Profiler, Ionospheric Radar, and Other Advanced Applications (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: Doppler technique ; earth observation ; radar ; earth and planetary sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Doppler radar systems have been instrumental to improve our understanding and monitoring capabilities of phenomena taking place in the low, middle, and upper atmosphere. Weather radars, wind profilers, and incoherent and coherent scatter radars implementing Doppler techniques are now used routinely both in research and operational applications by scientists and practitioners. This book brings together a collection of eighteen essays by international leading authors devoted to different applications of ground based Doppler radars. Topics covered include, among others, severe weather surveillance, precipitation estimation and nowcasting, wind and turbulence retrievals, ionospheric radar and volcanological applications of Doppler radar. The book is ideally suited for graduate students looking for an introduction to the field or professionals intending to refresh or update their knowledge on Doppler radar applications.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (470 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535104964
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/doppler-radar-observations-weather-radar-wind-profiler-ionospheric-radar-and-other-advanced-applications
    Language: English
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    Natural Disasters (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: natural disasters ; natural hazards ; earth and planetary sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: The crossroads between a more and more populated human communities and their changing environment pose different challenges than ever before. Therefore, any attempt to identify and deliver possible solutions is more than welcome. The book Natural Disasters addresses the needs of various users, interested in a better understanding of hazards and their more efficient management. It is a scientific enterprise tackling a variety of natural hazards potentially deriving into disasters, i.e. tropical storms, avalanches, coastal floods. The case studies presented cover different geographical areas, and they comprise mechanisms for being transferred to other spots and circumstances. Hopefully, the book will be beneficial to those who invest their efforts in building communities resilient to natural disasters.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535101888
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/natural-disasters
    Language: English
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    Approaches to Managing Disaster : Assessing Hazards, Emergencies and Disaster Impacts (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: natural disasters ; natural hazards ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Approaches to Managing Disaster - Assessing Hazards, Emergencies and Disaster Impacts demonstrates the array of information that is critical for improving disaster management. The book reflects major management components of the disaster continuum (the nature of risk, hazard, vulnerability, planning, response and adaptation) in the context of threats that derive from both nature and technology. The chapters include a selection of original research reports by an array of international scholars focused either on specific locations or on specific events. The chapters are ordered according to the phases of emergencies and disasters. The text reflects the disciplinary diversity found within disaster management and the challenges presented by the co-mingling of science and social science in their collective efforts to promote improvements in the techniques, approaches, and decision-making by emergency-response practitioners and the public. This text demonstrates the growing complexity of disasters and their management, as well as the tests societies face every day.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (162 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535102946
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/approaches-to-managing-disaster-assessing-hazards-emergencies-and-disaster-impacts
    Language: English
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    Space Science (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: astronomy ; astrophysics ; cosmology
    Description / Table of Contents: The all-encompassing term Space Science was coined to describe all of the various fields of research in science: Physics and astronomy, aerospace engineering and spacecraft technologies, advanced computing and radio communication systems, that are concerned with the study of the Universe, and generally means either excluding the Earth or outside of the Earth's atmosphere. This special volume on Space Science was built throughout a scientifically rigorous selection process of each contributed chapter. Its structure drives the reader into a fascinating journey starting from the surface of our planet to reach a boundary where something lurks at the edge of the observable, light-emitting Universe, presenting four Sections running over a timely review on space exploration and the role being played by newcomer nations, an overview on Earth's early evolution during its long ancient ice age, a reanalysis of some aspects of satellites and planetary dynamics, to end up with intriguing discussions on recent advances in physics of cosmic microwave background radiation and cosmology.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535104230
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/space-science
    Language: English
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    Solar Radiation (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: solar radiation ; solar physics ; astronomy ; astrophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: The book contains fundamentals of solar radiation, its ecological impacts, applications, especially in agriculture, architecture, thermal and electric energy. Chapters are written by numerous experienced scientists in the field from various parts of the world. Apart from chapter one which is the introductory chapter of the book, that gives a general topic insight of the book, there are 24 more chapters that cover various fields of solar radiation. These fields include: Measurements and Analysis of Solar Radiation, Agricultural Application / Bio-effect, Architectural Application, Electricity Generation Application and Thermal Energy Application. This book aims to provide a clear scientific insight on Solar Radiation to scientist and students.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535103844
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/solar-radiation
    Language: English
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    Remote Sensing : Advanced Techniques and Platforms (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: remote sensing ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This dual conception of remote sensing brought us to the idea of preparing two different books; in addition to the first book which displays recent advances in remote sensing applications, this book is devoted to new techniques for data processing, sensors and platforms. We do not intend this book to cover all aspects of remote sensing techniques and platforms, since it would be an impossible task for a single volume. Instead, we have collected a number of high-quality, original and representative contributions in those areas.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (462 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106524
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/remote-sensing-advanced-techniques-and-platforms
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    Atmospheric Model Applications (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences ; atmosphere
    Description / Table of Contents: This book covers comprehensive text and reference work on atmospheric models for methods of numerical modeling and important related areas of data assimilation and predictability. It incorporates various aspects of environmental computer modeling including an historical overview of the subject, approximations to land surface and atmospheric physics and dynamics, radiative transfer and applications in satellite remote sensing, and data assimilation. With individual chapters authored by eminent professionals in their respective topics, Advanced Topics in application of atmospheric models try to provide in-depth guidance on some of the key applied in atmospheric models for scientists and modelers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535104889
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/atmospheric-model-applications
    Language: English
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    Hydrogeology : A Global Perspective (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: hydrogeology ; hydrology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: The field of groundwater hydrology and the discipline of hydrogeology have attracted a lot of attention during the past few decades. This is mainly because of the increasing need for high quality water, especially groundwater. This book, written by 15 scientists from 6 countries, clearly demonstrates the extensive range of issues that are dealt with in the field of hydrogeology. Karst hydrogeology and deposition processes, hydrogeochemistry, soil hydraulic properties as a factor affecting groundwater recharge processes, relevant conceptual models, and geophysical exploration for groundwater are all discussed in this book, giving the reader a global perspective on what hydrogeologists and co-scientists are currently working on to better manage groundwater resources. Graduate students, as well as practitioners, will find this book a useful resource and valuable guide.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (222 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535100485
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/hydrogeology-a-global-perspective
    Language: English
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    Drainage Systems (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: hydrology ; soil science
    Description / Table of Contents: The subject of 'drainage: draining the water off' is as important as 'irrigation: application of water', if not more. 'Drainage' has a deep impact on food security, agricultural activity, hygiene and sanitation, municipal usage, land reclamation and usage, flood and debris flow control, hydrological disaster management, ecological and environmental balance, and water resource management. 'Drainage Systems' provides the reader with a tri-dimensional expose of drainage in terms of sustainable systems, surface drainage and subsurface drainage. Ten eminent authors and their colleagues with varied technical backgrounds and experiences from around the world have dealt with extensive range of issues concerning the drainage phenomenon. Field engineers, hydrologists, academics and graduate students will find this book equally benefitting.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535102434
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/drainage-systems
    Language: English
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    Studies on Environmental and Applied Geomorphology (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: geomorphology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book includes several geomorphological studies up-to-date, incorporating different disciplines and methodologies, always focused on methods, tools and general issues of environmental and applied geomorphology. In designing the book the integration of multiple methodological fields (geomorphological mapping, remote sensing, meteorological and climate analysis, vegetation and biogeomorphological investigations, geographic information systems GIS, land management methods), study areas, countries and continents (Europe, America, Asia, Africa) are considered.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (294 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535103615
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/studies-on-environmental-and-applied-geomorphology
    Language: English
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    Waste Management : An Integrated Vision (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: environmental sciences ; waste
    Description / Table of Contents: Solid waste management generates big challenges for society due to its large variability in production and composition, and because of its sanitary and environmental impacts. To contribute in facing this situation, this book includes a worldwide overview of experiences and conceptual and technical developments attained through research and development projects. In addition to minimizing generation, considered as the most desirable practice, it includes alternatives of valuation for potentially recoverable waste and strategies to reduce final conditioning and disposition risks. The book includes contextual technical, economical, political and social aspects aimed at proposing integral solutions for the solid waste management.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535107958
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/waste-management-an-integrated-vision
    Language: English
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    Remote Sensing : Applications (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: remote sensing ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Nowadays it is hard to find areas of human activity and development that have not profited from or contributed to remote sensing. Natural, physical and social activities find in remote sensing a common ground for interaction and development. This book intends to show the reader how remote sensing impacts other areas of science, technology, and human activity, by displaying a selected number of high quality contributions dealing with different remote sensing applications.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (516 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106517
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/remote-sensing-applications
    Language: English
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    Global Warming : Impacts and Future Perspective (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: global warming ; global change
    Description / Table of Contents: Global Warming has become perhaps the most complicated issue being faced by world leaders. Thus, it requires field of attention for many modern societies, power and energy engineers, academicians, researchers and stakeholders. The so-called consensus in the past century anthropogenically induced Global Warming, has recently been disputed by rising number of climate change panelists. Whatever the uncertainties of climate models are, mankind has to strive towards reduction in the amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere in order to preserve natural resources and living organisms by introducing new advances on alternative fuels and other related technologies. This book presents the state-of-the-science fundamentals on the origin of Global Warming and other related technologies that can be implemented to reduce human impact as well as to present novel policies that world leader should adopt. In this book, chapters received from various authors are placed in three sub- sections in a sequential and easy manner so as to strive an appropriate balance between breadth and depth of coverage of various topics.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535107552
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/global-warming-impacts-and-future-perspective
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    Advanced Aspects of Spectroscopy (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: organic chemistry ; spectroscopy
    Description / Table of Contents: Spectroscopy is the study of absorption and emission of electromagnetic radiation due to the interaction between matter and energy that energy depends on the specific wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. This field has proven invaluable research tool in a number of areas including chemistry, physics, biology, medicine and ecology. The spectroscopic field of research is growing day-by-day and scientists are exploring new areas in this field by introducing new techniques. The main purpose of this book is to highlight these new spectroscopic techniques like Magnetic Induction Spectroscopy, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Low Energy Electron Loss Spectroscopy, Micro- to Macro-Raman Spectroscopy, Liquid-Immersion Raman Spectroscopy, High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning (HR-MAS) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy, Injection and Optical Spectroscopy, and Nano Spectroscopy. This book is divided into five sections including General Spectroscopy, Advanced Spectroscopy, Nano Spectroscopy, Organic Spectroscopy, and Physical Spectroscopy which cover topics from basic to advanced levels which will provide a good source of learning for teaching and research purposes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (538 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535107156
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/advanced-aspects-of-spectroscopy
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    Stratigraphic Analysis of Layered Deposits (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: stratigraphy ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stratigraphy, a branch of geology, is the science of describing the vertical and lateral relationships of different rock formations formed through time to understand the earth history. These relationships may be based on lithologic properties (named lithostratigraphy), fossil content (labeled biostratigraphy), magnetic properties (called magnetostratigraphy), chemical features (named chemostratigraphy), reflection seismology (named seismic stratigraphy), age relations (called chronostratigraphy). Also, it refers to archaeological deposits called archaeological stratigraphy. Stratigraphy is built on the concept "the present is the key to the past" which was first outlined by James Hutton in the late 1700s and developed by Charles Lyell in the early 1800s. This book focuses particularly on application of geophysical methods in stratigraphic investigations and stratigraphic analysis of layered basin deposits from different geologic settings and present continental areas extending from Mexico region (north America) through Alpine belt including Italy, Greece, Iraq to Russia (northern Asia).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (298 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535105787
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/stratigraphic-analysis-of-layered-deposits
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    Bioluminescence : Recent Advances in Oceanic Measurements and Laboratory Applications (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: We now find ourselves utilizing luciferase - luciferin proteins, ATP, genes and the whole complex of these interactions to observe and follow the progress or inhibition of tumors in animal models by measuring bioluminescence intensity, spatially and temporally using highly sophisticated camera systems. This book describes applications in preclinical oncology research by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) with a variety of applications. Chapters describe current methodologies for rapid detection of contaminants using the Milliflex system, and the use of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technology for monitoring physical interactions between proteins in living cells. Others are using bioluminescent proteins for high sensitive optical reporters imaging in living animals, developing pH-tolerant luciferase for brighter in vivo imaging, and oscillation characteristics in bacterial bioluminescence. The book also contains descriptions of the long-term seasonal characteristics of oceanic bioluminescence and the responsible planktonic species producing bioluminescence. Such studies are few and rare.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079400
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/bioluminescence-recent-advances-in-oceanic-measurements-and-laboratory-applications
    Language: English
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    Soil Fertility Improvement and Integrated Nutrient Management : A Global Perspective (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: soil science ; soil fertility
    Description / Table of Contents: Soil Fertility Improvement and Integrated Nutrient Management: A Global Perspective presents 15 invited chapters written by leading soil fertility experts. The book is organized around three themes. The first theme is Soil Mapping and Soil Fertility Testing, describing spatial heterogeneity in soil nutrients within natural and managed ecosystems, as well as up-to-date soil testing methods and information on how soil fertility indicators respond to agricultural practices. The second theme, Organic and Inorganic Amendments for Soil Fertility Improvement, describes fertilizing materials that provide important amounts of essential nutrients for plants.The third theme, Integrated Nutrient Management Planning: Case Studies From Central Europe, South America, and Africa, highlights the principles of integrated nutrient management. Additionally, it gives case studies explaining how this approach has been implemented successfully across large geographic regions, and at local scales, to improve the productivity of staple crops and forages.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (306 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079455
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/soil-fertility-improvement-and-integrated-nutrient-management-a-global-perspective
    Language: English
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    Cartography : A Tool for Spatial Analysis (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: cartography ; spatial analysis ; GIS
    Description / Table of Contents: The terrestrial space is the place of interaction of natural and social systems. The cartography is an essential tool to understand the complexity of these systems, their interaction and evolution. This brings the cartography to an important place in the modern world. The book presents several contributions at different areas and activities showing the importance of the cartography to the perception and organization of the territory. Learning with the past or understanding the present the use of cartography is presented as a way of looking to almost all themes of the knowledge.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106890
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/cartography-a-tool-for-spatial-analysis
    Language: English
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    Air Pollution : A Comprehensive Perspective (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: air quality ; air pollution ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: The links between air pollutants and health impacts are many and complex. The environmental health community is being challenged to take stronger mitigation to respect population health and is taking opportunities to further their implication. Recognizing, observing, and analyzing exposures are a promising way forward, but also raise a myriad of new challenges and questions, including what such approaches are, when and how they can put into practice, and what their implications are for protecting human health. This book gives an overview of key issues in air pollution. Reviews and research papers describe air pollution in a variety of context, such as: evolution of air pollutant, urban structure effects, exposure in agriculture, surface ozone monitoring, the respiratory diseases impacts, appropriate technology, and response management to the air pollution.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (390 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535107057
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/air-pollution-a-comprehensive-perspective
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    Human and Social Dimensions of Climate Change (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: climate change ; climate policy ; sustainable development
    Description / Table of Contents: Anomalous climatic outcomes such as higher temperatures, intense rainfall and flood, frequent and severe droughts are now at the new level. Without appropriate adaptation measures, climate change is bound to exacerbate vulnerability of society, place food security and human health at risk, threaten the lives of growing urban population and impede the goal of attaining sustainable development. The human and social dimensions of climate change, including climate policy, are essential parts of our response to the many challenges emanating from climate change. By focusing on a wide range of topics and involving a diverse array of scholars, this book sheds lights on human and social dimensions of climate change; topics neglected and often poorly understood by scholars and policymakers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (286 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535108474
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/human-and-social-dimensions-of-climate-change
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    Energy Efficiency in Communications and Networks (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: energy efficiency
    Description / Table of Contents: The topic of "Energy Efficiency in Communications and Networks" attracts growing attention due to economical and environmental reasons. The amount of power consumed by information and communication technologies (ICT) is rapidly increasing, as well as the energy bill of service providers. According to a number of studies, ICT alone is responsible for a percentage which varies from 2% to 10% of the world power consumption. Thus, driving rising cost and sustainability concerns about the energy footprint of the IT infrastructure. Energy-efficiency is an aspect that until recently was only considered for battery driven devices. Today we see energy-efficiency becoming a pervasive issue that will need to be considered in all technology areas from device technology to systems management. This book is seeking to provide a compilation of novel research contributions on hardware design, architectures, protocols and algorithms that will improve the energy efficiency of communication devices and networks and lead to a more energy proportional technology infrastructure.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535104827
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/energy-efficiency-in-communications-and-networks
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    MATLAB - A Ubiquitous Tool for the Practical Engineer (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: MATLAB ; communications
    Description / Table of Contents: A well-known statement says that the PID controller is the "bread and butter" of the control engineer. This is indeed true, from a scientific standpoint. However, nowadays, in the era of computer science, when the paper and pencil have been replaced by the keyboard and the display of computers, one may equally say that MATLAB is the "bread" in the above statement. MATLAB has became a de facto tool for the modern system engineer. This book is written for both engineering students, as well as for practicing engineers. The wide range of applications in which MATLAB is the working framework, shows that it is a powerful, comprehensive and easy-to-use environment for performing technical computations. The book includes various excellent applications in which MATLAB is employed: from pure algebraic computations to data acquisition in real-life experiments, from control strategies to image processing algorithms, from graphical user interface design for educational purposes to Simulink embedded systems.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (564 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079073
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/matlab-a-ubiquitous-tool-for-the-practical-engineer
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    Applications of MATLAB in Science and Engineering (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: MATLAB ; communications
    Description / Table of Contents: The book consists of 24 chapters illustrating a wide range of areas where MATLAB tools are applied. These areas include mathematics, physics, chemistry and chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, biological (molecular biology) and medical sciences, communication and control systems, digital signal, image and video processing, system modeling and simulation. Many interesting problems have been included throughout the book, and its contents will be beneficial for students and professionals in wide areas of interest.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (510 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077086
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/applications-of-matlab-in-science-and-engineering
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    Advances in Knowledge Representation (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: computer science ; information science ; knowledge representation
    Description / Table of Contents: Advances in Knowledge Representation offers a compilation of state of the art research works on topics such as concept theory, positive relational algebra and k-relations, structured, visual and ontological models of knowledge representation, as well as detailed descriptions of applications to various domains, such as semantic representation and extraction, intelligent information retrieval, program proof checking, complex planning, and data preparation for knowledge modelling, and a extensive bibliography. It is a valuable contribution to the advancement of the field. The expected readers are advanced students and researchers on the knowledge representation field and related areas; it may also help to computer oriented practitioners of diverse fields looking for ideas on how to develop a knowledge-based application.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535105978
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/advances-in-knowledge-representation
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    Applications of Self-Organizing Maps (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: computer science ; information science ; self-organizing maps
    Description / Table of Contents: The self-organizing map, first described by the Finnish scientist Teuvo Kohonen, can by applied to a wide range of fields. This book is about such applications, i.e. how the original self-organizing map as well as variants and extensions of it can be applied in different fields. In fourteen chapters, a wide range of such applications is discussed. To name a few, these applications include the analysis of financial stability, the fault diagnosis of plants, the creation of well-composed heterogeneous teams and the application of the self-organizing map to the atmospheric sciences.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (297 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535108627
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/applications-of-self-organizing-maps
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    MATLAB: A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 3 (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: MATLAB ; communications
    Description / Table of Contents: This excellent book represents the final part of three-volumes regarding MATLAB-based applications in almost every branch of science. The book consists of 19 excellent, insightful articles and the readers will find the results very useful to their work. In particular, the book consists of three parts, the first one is devoted to mathematical methods in the applied sciences by using MATLAB, the second is devoted to MATLAB applications of general interest and the third one discusses MATLAB for educational purposes. This collection of high quality articles, refers to a large range of professional fields and can be used for science as well as for various educational purposes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535107521
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-3
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    Technology and Engineering Applications of Simulink (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: MATLAB ; Simulink ; communications
    Description / Table of Contents: Building on MATLAB (the language of technical computing), Simulink provides a platform for engineers to plan, model, design, simulate, test and implement complex electromechanical, dynamic control, signal processing and communication systems. Simulink-Matlab combination is very useful for developing algorithms, GUI assisted creation of block diagrams and realisation of interactive simulation based designs. The eleven chapters of the book demonstrate the power and capabilities of Simulink to solve engineering problems with varied degree of complexity in the virtual environment.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106357
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/technology-and-engineering-applications-of-simulink
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    Matlab - Modelling, Programming and Simulations (2010)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: MATLAB ; communications
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is a collection of 19 excellent works presenting different applications of several MATLAB tools that can be used for educational, scientific and engineering purposes. Chapters include tips and tricks for programming and developing Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), power system analysis, control systems design, system modelling and simulations, parallel processing, optimization, signal and image processing, finite different solutions, geosciences and portfolio insurance. Thus, readers from a range of professional fields will benefit from its content.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (426 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533071251
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/matlab-modelling-programming-and-simulations
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    Advances in Wavelet Theory and Their Applications in Engineering, Physics and Technology (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: wavelets ; wavelet transform ; wavelet analysis ; wavelet theory
    Description / Table of Contents: The use of the wavelet transform to analyze the behaviour of the complex systems from various fields started to be widely recognized and applied successfully during the last few decades. In this book some advances in wavelet theory and their applications in engineering, physics and technology are presented. The applications were carefully selected and grouped in five main sections - Signal Processing, Electrical Systems, Fault Diagnosis and Monitoring, Image Processing and Applications in Engineering. One of the key features of this book is that the wavelet concepts have been described from a point of view that is familiar to researchers from various branches of science and engineering. The content of the book is accessible to a large number of readers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (634 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535104940
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/advances-in-wavelet-theory-and-their-applications-in-engineering-physics-and-technology
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    Semantics in Action : Applications and Scenarios (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: computer science ; information science ; semantics
    Description / Table of Contents: The current book is a combination of number of great ideas, applications, case studies, and practical systems in the domain of Semantics. The book has been divided into two volumes. The current one is the second volume which highlights the state-of-the-art application areas in the domain of Semantics. This volume has been divided into four sections and ten chapters. The sections include: 1) Software Engineering, 2) Applications: Semantic Cache, E-Health, Sport Video Browsing, and Power Grids, 3) Visualization, and 4) Natural Language Disambiguation. Authors across the World have contributed to debate on state-of-the-art systems, theories, models, applications areas, case studies in the domain of Semantics. Furthermore, authors have proposed new approaches to solve real life problems ranging from e-Health to power grids, video browsing to program semantics, semantic cache systems to natural language disambiguation, and public debate to software engineering.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (266 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535105367
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/semantics-in-action-applications-and-scenarios
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    Archaeology : New Approaches in Theory and Techniques (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: social sciences ; archaeology
    Description / Table of Contents: The contents of this book show the implementation of new methodologies applied to archaeological sites. Chapters have been grouped in four sections: New Approaches About Archaeological Theory and Methodology; The Use of Geophysics on Archaeological Fieldwork; New Applied Techniques - Improving Material Culture and Experimentation; and Sharing Knowledge - Some Proposals Concerning Heritage and Education. Many different research projects, many different scientists and authors from different countries, many different historical times and periods, but only one objective: working together to increase our knowledge of ancient populations through archaeological work. The proposal of this book is to diffuse new methods and techniques developed by scientists to be used in archaeological works. That is the reason why we have thought that a publication on line is the best way of using new technology for sharing knowledge everywhere. Discovering, sharing knowledge, asking questions about our remote past and origins, are in the basis of humanity, and also are in the basis of archaeology as a science.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535105909
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/archaeology-new-approaches-in-theory-and-techniques
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    Climate Change : Realities, Impacts Over Ice Cap, Sea Level and Risks (2013)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: climate change
    Description / Table of Contents: The Earth is the only planet in our solar system that supports life. The complex process of evolution occurred on Earth only because of some unique environmental conditions that were present: water, an oxygen-rich atmosphere, and a suitable surface temperature. Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer). Thus, it requires field of attention towards reduction in the rise in atmospheric temperature, by controlling emitted greenhouse gases into the atmosphere in order to preserve natural resources and by introducing new technologies on alternative fuels. This book presents the fundamental effect on the origin of climate change, impacts over ice cap, melting of Arctic ice, rise in sea level and related technologies that can be implemented to cultivate our land for agriculture, growing forestation to reduce the impact of temperature rise and disaster on human being as well as on other livelihood. This also need to strive for novel policies that world leader should adopt.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (508 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535109341
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/climate-change-realities-impacts-over-ice-cap-sea-level-and-risks
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    Tsunami - Analysis of a Hazard : From Physical Interpretation to Human Impact (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: Tsunami ; natural disasters
    Description / Table of Contents: This book, the third in the InTech Tsunami series, has been published in order to deepen efforts towards the understanding of tsunami dynamics that seems to be never enough. As the previous books in this series, "The Tsunami Threat - Research and Technology" (January 2011) and "Tsunami - A Growing Disaster" (December 2011), this multi-disciplinary volume compiles a collection of scientific papers showing the state-of-the-art of tsunami research at different levels. The various contributions cover an array of themes that span from geological evidence to post-trauma human care, encompassing pre-tsunami analyses and modeling to post-tsunami management and preparedness techniques. As its counterparts, "Tsunami - Analysis of a Hazard: from physical interpretation to human impact" continues to present evidence and case studies from different regions of the World: from the isolated Hawaiian Islands and Northern Indian Ocean, to the edges of the Atlantic and Eastern Mediterranean.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (258 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535108658
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/tsunami-analysis-of-a-hazard-from-physical-interpretation-to-human-impact
    Language: English
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    Climate Variability : Regional and Thematic Patterns (2013)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: climate change ; atmospheric sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: As societies transition to evidence-based adaptation and management there is increasing recognition of the need for understanding climate change and variability dynamics and impacts at regional levels and for various activities. This book is a contribution toward that goal. Readers interested in climate change management will find detailed discussions of climatic variability dynamics in selected regions as well as new innovative ways of monitoring climate change, assessing climate risks, and predicting impacts. Those interested in refreshing the fundamentals of climate change and climate variability will find a very accessible review of the status of knowledge on the subject, including a balanced interrogation of available evidence. In an attempt to keep the book accessible, every effort was made to minimize technical jargon without compromising scientific accuracy. The result should be useful to researchers, practitioners, and policy makers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (203 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535111870
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/climate-variability-regional-and-thematic-patterns
    Language: English
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    Sustainable Aquaculture Techniques (2014)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: agriculture
    Description / Table of Contents: This book presents some innovative developments in sustainable aquaculture practices in the context of environmental protection and seafood production techniques. The chapters are written by experts in their respective areas, so that their contribution represents the progress of their research, which is intended to mark the current frontier in aquaculture practices. Every chapter presents techniques that contribute to good aquaculture practices, where direct and vital nutrition and food, as a source of energy and biomass generation, is fundamentally based. We hope this book supports producers and researchers in their activities and helps to maintain a spirit of environmental protection in the context of production of high quality, nutritional food.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (265 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535112242
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/sustainable-aquaculture-techniques
    Language: English
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    Energy Conservation (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: energy ; technology
    Description / Table of Contents: This book covers the areas of fundamentals in energy conservation and its applications in selected industries. There are nine chapters in this book which have been written by leading experts in energy from all over the world. The topics range from energy fundamentals from cosmic radiation, tidal waves and dams. The chapters examine the potential of utilizing energy from sustainable resources and how energy consumption may be conserved from various new technologies. The contents of this book include space energy, barotropic and baroclinic tidal energy, understanding energy conservation in biological context, Earth shelters, hydro power, biofuel from groundnut oil and low energy consumption in industrial production. This book is suitable as a reference for students, educators, researchers, scientists, engineers and energy practitioners. It will also be a useful for the understanding of energy fundamentals, design and applications.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (238 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535108290
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/energy-conservation
    Language: English
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    Mass Transfer : Advances in Sustainable Energy and Environment Oriented Numerical Modeling (2013)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: engineering ; heat and mass transfer
    Description / Table of Contents: Our knowledge of mass transfer processes has been extended and applied to various fields of science and engineering including industrial processes in recent years. Since mass transfer is primordial phenomenon, it plays a key role in the scientific researches and fields of mechanical, energy, environmental, materials, bio, and chemical engineering. In this book, energetic authors especially provide advances in scientific findings and technologies, and develop new theoretical models concerning mass transfer for sustainable energy and environment. This book brings valuable references for research engineers working in the variety of mass transfer sciences and related fields. Since the constitutive topics cover the advances in broad research areas, the topics will be mutually stimulus and informative not only to research engineers, but also to university professors and students.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (511 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535111702
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/mass-transfer-advances-in-sustainable-energy-and-environment-oriented-numerical-modeling
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    Design of Experiments : Applications (2013)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: methodology ; experiments ; science
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is a research publication that covers original research on developments within the Design of Experiments - Applications field of study. The book is a collection of reviewed scholarly contributions written by different authors and edited by Dr. Messias Borges Silva. Each scholarly contribution represents a chapter and each chapter is complete in itself but related to the major topics and objectives. The target audience comprises scholars and specialists in the field.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535111689
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/design-of-experiments-applications
    Language: English
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    Mechanism of Sedimentary Basin Formation : Multidisciplinary Approach on Active Plate Margins (2013)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: sedimentary basin formation ; earth and planetary sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is devoted to the mechanisms of sedimentary basin formation on active plate margins, which show enormous diversity reflecting complex tectonic processes. Multidisciplinary approach pursuing basin-forming mechanism is based on geology, sedimentology, geochronology and geophysics. Some chapters are dedicated to the genetic analysis of sedimentary basins in wrench deformation zones in forearc and intra-arc regions. Another block of chapters deals with basin formation in peripheral regions of Eurasia and intra-arc / foreland basins under the influence of the fluctuation of stress regimes. Finally geophysical approaches to basin analyses are shown in some chapters from microscopic to regional scales. Diverse contents of the chapters provide the audience with the present accomplishments of basin researches on active margins by Earth scientists.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535111931
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/mechanism-of-sedimentary-basin-formation-multidisciplinary-approach-on-active-plate-margins
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    Advances in Gas Chromatography (2014)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: chemistry ; gas chromatography
    Description / Table of Contents: For decades gas chromatography has been and will remain an irreplaceable analytical technique in many research areas for both quantitative analysis and qualitative characterization/identification, which is still supplementary with HPLC. This book highlights a few areas where significant advances have been reported recently and/or a revisit of basic concepts is deserved. It provides an overview of instrumental developments, frontline and modern research as well as practical industrial applications. The topics include GC-based metabolomics in biomedical, plant and microbial research, natural products as well as characterization of aging of synthetic materials and industrial monitoring, which are contributions of several experts from different disciplines. It also contains best hand-on practices of sample preparation (derivatization) and data processing in daily research. This book is recommended to both basic and experienced researchers in gas chromatography.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (213 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535112273
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/advances-in-gas-chromatography
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    Advances in Landscape Architecture (2013)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: landscape ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Landscape architecture is the design of outdoor and public spaces to achieve environmental, socio-behavioral, and/or aesthetic outcomes. It involves the systematic investigation of existing social, ecological, and geological conditions and processes in the landscape, and the design of interventions that will produce the desired outcome. The scope of the profession includes: urban design; site planning; town or urban planning; environmental restoration; parks and recreation planning; visual resource management; green infrastructure planning and provision; and private estate and residence landscape master planning and design - all at varying scales of design, planning and management. This book contains chapters on recent developments in studies of landscape architecture. For this reason I believe the book would be useful to the relevant professional disciplines.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (924 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535111672
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/advances-in-landscape-architecture
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    Global Navigation Satellite Systems : From Stellar to Satellite Navigation (2013)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: GNSS ; Global Navigation Satellite System
    Description / Table of Contents: Today, satellite navigation offers convenient alternative to terrestrial and stellar navigation methods that is not only ubiquitous and easy to operate but also available day and night. The radio navigation technology, first appeared in the 1930s and matured in the 1940s, did not take off until the late 1960s and 1970s with the launch of the first navigation satellites by the US Naval and Air Forces, resulting from the NAVSTAR GPS program. The end user navigation equipment, bulky and expensive at the beginning, did not emerge until the microprocessor became viable during the late 1970s. Now-a-day three other global navigation satellite systems are fully or partially operational: the Russian GLONASS, the European Union Galileo, and the Chinese BeiDou. Where does the future lie? Probably in a network of global satellite navigation systems, with increase in satellite coverage and improved accuracy, integrity, and reliability, as these systems further mature. End user equipment will continue to be smaller, more accurate and cheaper. Yet in many respects, satellite navigation systems owe most to the old-time stellar navigation, by keeping man look up to the sky for help.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (159 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535111627
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/global-navigation-satellite-systems-from-stellar-to-satellite-navigation
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    Management Strategies to Adapt Alpine Space Forests to Climate Change Risks (2013)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: climate change
    Description / Table of Contents: Climate scenarios suggest that current forest stands will face radically different temperature and precipitation conditions in the future. Developing future strategies for forest management in the face of uncertain and highly variable forecasts of future site conditions is a great challenge. Here we have analyzed transnational case studies dealing with different manifestations of climate change effects. We intend to stimulate the discussion on management strategies to adapt forests in the Alps to climate change risks. The presented results are derived from the INTERREG project “Management Strategies to Adapt Alpine Space Forests to Climate Change Risks” that was implemented within the framework of the European Territorial Cooperation “Alpine Space Programme 2007-2013.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (383 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535111948
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/management-strategies-to-adapt-alpine-space-forests-to-climate-change-risks
    Language: English
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    Advances in Agrophysical Research (2013)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: agriculture
    Description / Table of Contents: The idea of this book was born due to the rapid increase of the interest in excellence of agricultural production in the aspect of both – the quality of raw material for food production as well as in the aspect of environment protection. Agrophysics is a field of science that focuses on the quality of agriculture as a whole i.e. the interaction between human and environment, especially the interaction between soil, plant, atmosphere and machine. Physics with its laws, principles and rules is a good tool for description of the interactions, as well as of the results of these interactions. Some aspects of chemistry, biology and other fields of science are also taken under consideration. This interdisciplinary approach can result in holistic description of processes which should lead to improvement of the efficiency of obtaining the raw materials to ensure a sufficient amount of food, safe for human health. This book could be regarded as the contribution to this description. The reader can find some basic as well, as more particular aspects of the contemporary agriculture, starting with the soil characteristics and treatment, plant growth and agricultural products’ properties and processing.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (398 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535111849
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/advances-in-agrophysical-research
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    CO2 Sequestration and Valorization (2014)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: CO2 ; greenhouse gas emissions
    Description / Table of Contents: The reconciliation of economic development, social justice and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is one of the biggest political challenges of the moment. Strategies for mitigating CO2 emissions on a large scale using sequestration, storage and carbon technologies are priorities on the agendas of research centres and governments. Research on carbon sequestration is the path to solving major sustainability problems of this century a complex issue that requires a scientific approach and multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary technology, plus a collaborative policy among nations. Thus, this challenge makes this book an important source of information for researchers, policymakers and anyone with an inquiring mind on this subject.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (470 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535112259
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/co2-sequestration-and-valorization
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    Technology and Application of Microbial Fuel Cells (2014)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: Faced with the upcoming serious deficiency of energy, food and water, along with inevitable environmental pollution, much related research has been on the upsurge because Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) seem to be one of the solutions to these concerns in the future. The aim of this book is to describe and consider some concepts regarding MFC application designs for interested colleagues. Five topics regarding the technology of flow control, biocatalysts, biofilms, removal of chemical oxygen demand and biochemical fields are addressed in the book. Considering the low power density and short life span of MFCs, there has been a dramatic increase in funding and research that has led to a greater understanding of the fundamental science behind MFC study. This is driving significant improvements in both the reliability and efficiency of MFCs and hence their future use.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535116271
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/technology-and-application-of-microbial-fuel-cells
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    Oilseeds (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: agriculture ; seeds ; oil
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106654
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/oilseeds
    Language: English
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    Globalization and Responsibility (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: globalization
    Description / Table of Contents: The book "Globalization and Responsibility" consists of 8 chapters. The chapters in the book offer a decentered and dynamic terminology. They show that globalization consists of not only an objective process, but also of a lot of statements that define, describe and analyze the different experiences of the process. The chapters are written by authors and researchers from different academic disciplines, cultures and social contexts, therefore different experiences and scientific analyses on the consequences of globalization have been unified, starting from the multicultural and social epistemology to ethics of responsibility. Each chapter can be read separately, but in a complex, interconnected global universe of intertextuality of our world.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106555
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/globalization-and-responsibility
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    Rheology (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: rheology
    Description / Table of Contents: This book contains a wealth of useful information on current rheology research. By covering a broad variety of rheology-related topics, this e-book is addressed to a wide spectrum of academic and applied researchers and scientists but it could also prove useful to industry specialists. The subject areas include, polymer gels, food rheology, drilling fluids and liquid crystals among others.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (350 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535101871
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/rheology
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    Sintering of Ceramics : New Emerging Techniques (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: sintering ; ceramics
    Description / Table of Contents: The chapters covered in this book include emerging new techniques on sintering. Major experts in this field contributed to this book and presented their research. Topics covered in this publication include Spark plasma sintering, Magnetic Pulsed compaction, Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic technology for the preparation of 3-dimesinal circuits, Microwave sintering of thermistor ceramics, Synthesis of Bio-compatible ceramics, Sintering of Rare Earth Doped Bismuth Titanate Ceramics prepared by Soft Combustion, nanostructured ceramics, alternative solid-state reaction routes yielding densified bulk ceramics and nanopowders, Sintering of intermetallic superconductors such as MgB2, impurity doping in luminescence phosphors synthesized using soft techniques, etc. Other advanced sintering techniques such as radiation thermal sintering for the manufacture of thin film solid oxide fuel cells are also described.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (624 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535100171
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/sintering-of-ceramics-new-emerging-techniques
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    Advanced Fluid Dynamics (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: fluid dynamics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book provides a broad range of topics on fluid dynamics for advanced scientists and professional researchers. The text helps readers develop their own skills to analyze fluid dynamics phenomena encountered in professional engineering by reviewing diverse informative chapters herein.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (282 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535102700
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/advanced-fluid-dynamics
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    Greenhouse Gases : Capturing, Utilization and Reduction (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: greenhouse gases ; global warming ; climate change
    Description / Table of Contents: Understanding greenhouse gas capture, utilization, reduction, and storage is essential for solving issues such as global warming and climate change that result from greenhouse gas. Taking advantage of the authors' experience in greenhouse gases, this book discusses an overview of recently developed techniques, methods, and strategies: - Novel techniques and methods on greenhouse gas capture by physical adsorption and separation, chemical structural reconstruction, and biological utilization. - Systemic discussions on greenhouse gas reduction by policy conduction, mitigation strategies, and alternative energy sources. - A comprehensive review of geological storage monitoring technologies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535101925
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/greenhouse-gases-capturing-utilization-and-reduction
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    Greenhouse Gases : Emission, Measurement and Management (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: greenhouse gases ; global warming ; climate change
    Description / Table of Contents: Understanding greenhouse gas sources, emissions, measurements, and management is essential for capture, utilization, reduction, and storage of greenhouse gas, which plays a crucial role in issues such as global warming and climate change. Taking advantage of the authors' experience in greenhouse gases, this book discusses an overview of recently developed techniques, methods, and strategies: - A comprehensive source investigation of greenhouse gases that are emitted from hydrocarbon reservoirs, vehicle transportation, agricultural landscapes, farms, non-cattle confined buildings, and so on. - Recently developed detection and measurement techniques and methods such as photoacoustic spectroscopy, landfill-based carbon dioxide and methane measurement, and miniaturized mass spectrometer.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (514 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535103233
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/greenhouse-gases-emission-measurement-and-management
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    Water Resources Management and Modeling (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: hydrology
    Description / Table of Contents: Hydrology is the science that deals with the processes governing the depletion and replenishment of water resources of the earth's land areas. The purpose of this book is to put together recent developments on hydrology and water resources engineering. First section covers surface water modeling and second section deals with groundwater modeling. The aim of this book is to focus attention on the management of surface water and groundwater resources. Meeting the challenges and the impact of climate change on water resources is also discussed in the book. Most chapters give insights into the interpretation of field information, development of models, the use of computational models based on analytical and numerical techniques, assessment of model performance and the use of these models for predictive purposes. It is written for the practicing professionals and students, mathematical modelers, hydrogeologists and water resources specialists.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (322 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535102465
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/water-resources-management-and-modeling
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    Advances in Chemical Engineering (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: chemistry ; chemical engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemical engineering applications have been a source of challenging optimization problems in terms of economics and technology. The goal of this book is to enable the reader to get instant information on fundamentals and advancements in chemical engineering. This book addresses ongoing evolutions of chemical engineering and provides overview to the sate of the art advancements. Molecular perspective is increasingly important in the refinement of kinetic and thermodynamic molding. As a result, much of the material was revised on industrial problems and their sophisticated solutions from known scientists around the world. These issues were divided in to two sections, fundamental advances and catalysis and reaction engineering. A distinct feature of this text continues to be the emphasis on molecular chemistry, reaction engineering and modeling to achieve rational and robust industrial design. Our perspective is that this background must be made available to undergraduate, graduate and professionals in an integrated manner.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (594 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535103929
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/advances-in-chemical-engineering
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    Advances in Spacecraft Systems and Orbit Determination (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: spacecraft ; orbit ; interplanetary missions
    Description / Table of Contents: "Advances in Spacecraft Systems and Orbit Determinations", discusses the development of new technologies and the limitations of the present technology, used for interplanetary missions. Various experts have contributed to develop the bridge between present limitations and technology growth to overcome the limitations. Key features of this book inform us about the orbit determination techniques based on a smooth research based on astrophysics. The book also provides a detailed overview on Spacecraft Systems including reliability of low-cost AOCS, sliding mode controlling and a new view on attitude controller design based on sliding mode, with thrusters. It also provides a technological roadmap for HVAC optimization. The book also gives an excellent overview of resolving the difficulties for interplanetary missions with the comparison of present technologies and new advancements. Overall, this will be very much interesting book to explore the roadmap of technological growth in spacecraft systems.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535103806
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/advances-in-spacecraft-systems-and-orbit-determination
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    Petrochemicals (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: petrochemical industry ; chemistry ; petroleum science
    Description / Table of Contents: The petrochemical industry is an important constituent in our pursuit of economic growth, employment generation and basic needs. It is a huge field that encompasses many commercial chemicals and polymers. This book is designed to help the reader, particularly students and researchers of petroleum science and engineering, understand the mechanics and techniques. The selection of topics addressed and the examples, tables and graphs used to illustrate them are governed, to a large extent, by the fact that this book is aimed primarily at the petroleum science and engineering technologist. This book is must-read material for students, engineers, and researchers working in the petrochemical and petroleum area. It gives a valuable and cost-effective insight into the relevant mechanisms and chemical reactions. The book aims to be concise, self-explanatory and informative.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535104117
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/petrochemicals
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    Advances in Satellite Communications (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: satellite communication ; wireless communication ; geoinformation technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Satellite communication systems are now a major part of most telecommunications networks as well as our everyday lives through mobile personal communication systems and broadcast television. A sound understanding of such systems is therefore important for a wide range of system designers, engineers and users. This book provides a comprehensive review of some applications that have driven this growth. It analyzes various aspects of Satellite Communications from Antenna design, Real Time applications, Quality of Service (QoS), Atmospheric effects, Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Networks, Sensor Networks and High Capacity Satellite Links. It is the desire of the authors that the topics selected for the book can give the reader an overview of the current trends in Satellite Systems, and also an in depth analysis of the technical aspects of each one of them.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (206 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075624
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/advances-in-satellite-communications
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    Monitoring, Control and Effects of Air Pollution (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: air pollution
    Description / Table of Contents: The book addresses the subjects related to the selected aspects of pollutants emission, monitoring and their effects. The most of recent publications concentrated on the review of the pollutants emissions from industry, especially power sector. In this one emissions from opencast mining and transport are addressed as well. Beside of SOx and NOx emissions, small particles and other pollutants (e.g. VOC, ammonia) have adverse effect on environment and human being. The natural emissions (e.g. from volcanoes) has contribution to the pollutants concentration and atmospheric chemistry governs speciation of pollutants, as in the case of secondary acidification. The methods of ambient air pollution monitoring based on modern instrumentation allow the verification of dispersion models and balancing of mass emissions. The comfort of everyday human's activity is influenced by indoor and public transport vehicles interior air contamination, which is effected even by the professional appliances operation. The outdoor pollution leads to cultural heritage objects deterioration, the mechanism are studied and the methods of rehabilitation developed. However to prevent emissions the new technologies are being developed, the new class of these technologies are plasma processes, which are briefly reviewed at the final part of the book.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075266
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/monitoring-control-and-effects-of-air-pollution
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    Recent Advances in Vibrations Analysis (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: vibration analysis ; vibration control
    Description / Table of Contents: This book covers recent advances in modern vibrations analysis, from analytical methods to applications of vibrations analysis to condition monitoring. Covered topics include stochastic finite element approaches, wave theories for distributed parameter systems, second other shear deformation theory and applications of phase space to the identifications of nonlinearities and transients. Chapters on novel condition monitoring approaches for reducers, transformers and low earth orbit satellites are included. Additionally, the book includes chapters on modelling and analysis of various complex mechanical systems such as eccentric building systems and the structural modelling of large container ships.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533076966
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/recent-advances-in-vibrations-analysis
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    Heat and Mass Transfer : Modeling and Simulation (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: heat transfer ; mass transfer
    Description / Table of Contents: This book covers a number of topics in heat and mass transfer processes for a variety of industrial applications. The research papers provide advances in knowledge and design guidelines in terms of theory, mathematical modeling and experimental findings in multiple research areas relevant to many industrial processes and related equipment design. The design of equipment includes air heaters, cooling towers, chemical system vaporization, high temperature polymerization and hydrogen production by steam reforming. Nine chapters of the book will serve as an important reference for scientists and academics working in the research areas mentioned above, especially in the aspects of heat and mass transfer, analytical/numerical solutions and optimization of the processes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (226 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533076041
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/heat-and-mass-transfer-modeling-and-simulation
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    Developments in Heat Transfer (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: heat transfer ; bioheat
    Description / Table of Contents: This book comprises heat transfer fundamental concepts and modes (specifically conduction, convection and radiation), bioheat, entransy theory development, micro heat transfer, high temperature applications, turbulent shear flows, mass transfer, heat pipes, design optimization, medical therapies, fiber-optics, heat transfer in surfactant solutions, landmine detection, heat exchangers, radiant floor, packed bed thermal storage systems, inverse space marching method, heat transfer in short slot ducts, freezing an drying mechanisms, variable property effects in heat transfer, heat transfer in electronics and process industries, fission-track thermochronology, combustion, heat transfer in liquid metal flows, human comfort in underground mining, heat transfer on electrical discharge machining and mixing convection. The experimental and theoretical investigations, assessment and enhancement techniques illustrated here aspire to be useful for many researchers, scientists, engineers and graduate students.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (700 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075693
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/developments-in-heat-transfer
    Language: English
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    Heat Analysis and Thermodynamic Effects (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: heat transfer ; mass transfer
    Description / Table of Contents: The heat transfer and analysis on heat pipe and exchanger, and thermal stress are significant issues in a design of wide range of industrial processes and devices. This book includes 17 advanced and revised contributions, and it covers mainly (1) thermodynamic effects and thermal stress, (2) heat pipe and exchanger, (3) gas flow and oxidation, and (4) heat analysis. The first section introduces spontaneous heat flow, thermodynamic effect of groundwater, stress on vertical cylindrical vessel, transient temperature fields, principles of thermoelectric conversion, and transformer performances. The second section covers thermosyphon heat pipe, shell and tube heat exchangers, heat transfer in bundles of transversely-finned tubes, fired heaters for petroleum refineries, and heat exchangers of irreversible power cycles. The third section includes gas flow over a cylinder, gas-solid flow applications, oxidation exposure, effects of buoyancy, and application of energy and thermal performance index on energy efficiency. The forth section presents integral transform and green function methods, micro capillary pumped loop, influence of polyisobutylene additions, synthesis of novel materials, and materials for electromagnetic launchers. The advanced ideas and information described here will be fruitful for the readers to find a sustainable solution in an industrialized society.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (406 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075853
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/heat-analysis-and-thermodynamic-effects
    Language: English
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    Hydrodynamics : Optimizing Methods and Tools (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: hydrodynamics ; hydrology ; mechanical engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: The constant evolution of the calculation capacity of the modern computers implies in a permanent effort to adjust the existing numerical codes, or to create new codes following new points of view, aiming to adequately simulate fluid flows and the related transport of physical properties. Additionally, the continuous improving of laboratory devices and equipment, which allow to record and measure fluid flows with a higher degree of details, induces to elaborate specific experiments, in order to shed light in unsolved aspects of the phenomena related to these flows. This volume presents conclusions about different aspects of calculated and observed flows, discussing the tools used in the analyses. It contains eighteen chapters, organized in four sections: 1) Smoothed Spheres, 2) Models and Codes in Fluid Dynamics, 3) Complex Hydraulic Engineering Applications, 4) Hydrodynamics and Heat/Mass Transfer. The chapters present results directed to the optimization of the methods and tools of Hydrodynamics.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (424 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077123
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/hydrodynamics-optimizing-methods-and-tools
    Language: English
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    Acoustic Waves : From Microdevices to Helioseismology (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: acoustic waves
    Description / Table of Contents: The concept of acoustic wave is a pervasive one, which emerges in any type of medium, from solids to plasmas, at length and time scales ranging from sub-micrometric layers in microdevices to seismic waves in the Sun's interior. This book presents several aspects of the active research ongoing in this field. Theoretical efforts are leading to a deeper understanding of phenomena, also in complicated environments like the solar surface boundary. Acoustic waves are a flexible probe to investigate the properties of very different systems, from thin inorganic layers to ripening cheese to biological systems. Acoustic waves are also a tool to manipulate matter, from the delicate evaporation of biomolecules to be analysed, to the phase transitions induced by intense shock waves. And a whole class of widespread microdevices, including filters and sensors, is based on the behaviour of acoustic waves propagating in thin layers. The search for better performances is driving to new materials for these devices, and to more refined tools for their analysis.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (666 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075723
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/acoustic-waves-from-microdevices-to-helioseismology
    Language: English
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    Heat Transfer : Engineering Applications (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: heat transfer ; heat conduction
    Description / Table of Contents: Heat transfer is involved in numerous industrial technologies. This interdisciplinary book comprises 16 chapters dealing with combined action of heat transfer and concomitant processes. Five chapters of its first section discuss heat effects due to laser, ion and plasma-solid interaction. In eight chapters of the second section engineering applications of heat conduction equations to the curing reaction kinetics in manufacturing process, their combination with mass transport or ohmic and dielectric losses, heat conduction in metallic porous media and power cables are considered. Analysis of the safety of mine hoist under influence of heat produced by mechanical friction, heat transfer in boilers and internal combustion engine chambers, management for ultrahigh strength steel manufacturing are described in this section as well. Three chapters of the last third section are devoted to air cooling of electronic devices.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (412 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533073613
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/heat-transfer-engineering-applications
    Language: English
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    Integrated Use of Space, Geophysical and Hyperspectral Technologies Intended for Monitoring Water Leakages in Water Supply Networks (2014)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: remote sensing
    Description / Table of Contents: Remote sensing has been used for water management purposes over the years. This book describes the combination of satellite imagery, in-situ spectroradiometric data and radar techniques for the identification of water leakages in the water supply network in both rural and urban areas in Cyprus. This book presents a holistic approach combining new technologies for a complete system of water distribution network leakage detection management, by combining Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Satellite Remote Sensing techniques as well Geophysical surveys such as ground penetrating radar (GPR), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and spectro-radiometric measurements, which can be used to effectively identify and monitor water leakages.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535117292
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/integrated-use-of-space-geophysical-and-hyperspectral-technologies-intended-for-monitoring-water-leakages-in-water-supply-networks
    Language: English
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    Evapotranspiration : From Measurements to Agricultural and Environmental Applications (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: hydrology
    Description / Table of Contents: This book represents an overview of the direct measurement techniques of evapotranspiration with related applications to the water use optimization in the agricultural practice and to the ecosystems study. Different measuring techniques at leaf level (porometry), plant-level (sap-flow, lysimetry) and agro-ecosystem level (Surface Renewal, Eddy Covariance, Multi layer BREB), are presented with detailed explanations and examples. For the optimization of the water use in agriculture, detailed measurements on transpiration demands of crops and different cultivars, as well as results of different irrigation schemes and techniques (i.e. subsurface drip) in semi-arid areas for open-field, greenhouse and potted grown plants are presented. Aspects on ET of crops in saline environments, effects of ET on groundwater quality in xeric environments as well as the application of ET to climatic classification are also depicted. The book provides an excellent overview for both, researchers and student,s who intend to address these issues.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (410 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075129
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/evapotranspiration-from-measurements-to-agricultural-and-environmental-applications
    Language: English
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    New Frontiers in Tectonic Research : General Problems, Sedimentary Basins and Island Arcs (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: geodynamics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is devoted to different aspects of tectonic research. Syntheses of recent and earlier works, combined with new results and interpretations, are presented in this book for diverse tectonic settings. Most of the chapters include up-to-date material of detailed geological investigations, often combined with geophysical data, which can help understand more clearly the essence of mechanisms of different tectonic processes. Some chapters are dedicated to general problems of tectonics. Another block of chapters is devoted to sedimentary basins and special attention in this book is given to tectonic processes on active plate margins.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (350 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075952
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/new-frontiers-in-tectonic-research-general-problems-sedimentary-basins-and-island-arcs
    Language: English
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    Renewable Energy : Trends and Applications (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: renewable energy
    Description / Table of Contents: Increase in electricity demand and environmental issues resulted in fast development of energy production from renewable resources. In the long term, application of RES can guarantee the ecologically sustainable energy supply. This book indicates recent trends and developments of renewable energy resources that organized in 11 chapters. It can be a source of information and basis for discussion for readers with different backgrounds.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079394
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/renewable-energy-trends-and-applications
    Language: English
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    Climate Change : Socioeconomic Effects (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: climate change
    Description / Table of Contents: This book shows some of the socio-economic impacts of climate change according to different estimates of the current or estimated global warming. A series of scientific and experimental research projects explore the impacts of climate change and browse the techniques to evaluate the related impacts. These 23 chapters provide a good overview of the different changes impacts that already have been detected in several regions of the world. They are part of an introduction to the researches being done around the globe in connection with this topic. However, climate change is not just an academic issue important only to scientists and environmentalists; it also has direct implications on various ecosystems and technologies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (454 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533074115
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/climate-change-socioeconomic-effects
    Language: English
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    Global Warming (2010)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: climate change ; global warming
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is intended to introduce the reader to examples of the range of practical problems posed by "Global Warming". It includes 11 chapters split into 5 sections. Section 1 outlines the recent changes in the Indian Monsoon, the importance of greenhouse gases to life, and the relative importance of changes in solar radiation in causing the changes. Section 2 discusses the changes to natural hazards such as floods, retreating glaciers and potential sea level changes. Section 3 examines planning cities and transportation systems in the light of the changes, while section 4 looks at alternative energy sources. Section 5 estimates the changes to the carbon pool in the alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The 11 authors come from 9 different countries, so the examples are taken from a truly international set of problems.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533071497
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/global-warming
    Language: English
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    Environmental Monitoring (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: alkaline silicate rocks
    Description / Table of Contents: "Environmental Monitoring" is a book designed by InTech - Open Access Publisher in collaboration with scientists and researchers from all over the world. The book is designed to present recent research advances and developments in the field of environmental monitoring to a global audience of scientists, researchers, environmental educators, administrators, managers, technicians, students, environmental enthusiasts and the general public. The book consists of a series of sections and chapters addressing topics like the monitoring of heavy metal contaminants in varied environments, biolgical monitoring/ecotoxicological studies; and the use of wireless sensor networks/Geosensor webs in environmental monitoring.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (528 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077246
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/environmental-monitoring
    Language: English
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    Globalization - Today, Tomorrow (2010)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: globalization ; business ; management ; economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This is a collective volume on present-day globalisation with nine chapters from authors of several academic disciplines. It covers wide aspects, ranging from the nature, impact, challenges and implications of globalisation to responses from a country or community when facing globalisation today or tomorrow. Policy suggestions are also made. This book will hence help the reader to understand the currently debated issues.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533071923
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/globalization--today--tomorrow
    Language: English
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    Biological Diversity and Sustainable Resources Use (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: biodiversity ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Biological Diversity and Sustainable Resources Use is a very interesting volume, including attractive overviews and original case studies mainly focused on socio-economical effects of the right management of the ecosystems biodiversity, as well as on the useful integration between human activities and environmental responses. Ecological, medical and historical aspects of the sustainable development are also discussed in this book which consists of articles written by international experts, offering the reader a clear and extensive view of the present condition in which our planet is.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077062
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/biological-diversity-and-sustainable-resources-use
    Language: English
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    Advances in Econometrics : Theory and Applications (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: econometrics ; business ; management ; economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Econometrics is becoming a highly developed and highly mathematicized array of its own sub disciplines, as it should be, as economies are becoming increasingly complex, and scientific economic analyses require progressively thorough knowledge of solid quantitative methods. This book thus provides recent insight on some key issues in econometric theory and applications. The volume first focuses on three recent advances in econometric theory: non-parametric estimation, instrument generating functions, and seasonal volatility models. Additionally, three recent econometric applications are presented: continuous time duration analysis, panel data analysis dealing with endogeneity and selectivity biases, and seemingly unrelated regression analysis. Intended as an electronic edition, providing immediate "open access" to its content, the book is easy to follow and will be of interest to professionals involved in econometrics.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075037
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/advances-in-econometrics-theory-and-applications
    Language: English
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    Relevant Perspectives in Global Environmental Change (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: global change ; environmental change ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Over the years, environmental change has sharpened significant dynamic evolution and knowledge in organizational structures of organisms, from cellular/molecular to macro-organism level including our society. Changes in social and ecological systems due to environmental change will hopefully result in a shift towards sustainability, with legislative and government entities responding to diverse policy and management issues concerning the building, management and restoration of social-ecological systems on a regional and global scale. Solutions are particularly needed at the regional level, where physical features of the landscape, biological systems and human institutions interact. The purpose of this book is to disseminate both theoretical and applied studies on interactions between human and natural systems from multidisciplinary research perspectives on global environmental change. It combines interdisciplinary approaches, long-term research and a practical solution to the increasing intensity of problems related to environmental change, and is intended for a broad target audience ranging from students to specialists.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (154 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077093
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/relevant-perspectives-in-global-environmental-change
    Language: English
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    The Dynamical Processes of Biodiversity : Case Studies of Evolution and Spatial Distribution (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: biodiversity ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Driven by the increasing necessity to define the biological diversity frame of widespread, endemic and threatened species, as well as by the stimulating chance to describe new species, the study of the evolutive and spatial dynamics is in constant execution. Systematic overviews, biogeographic and phylogenic backgrounds, species composition and distribution in restricted areas are focal topics of the 15 interesting independent chapters collected in this book, chosen to offer to the reader an overall view of the present condition in which our planet is.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (366 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077727
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/the-dynamical-processes-of-biodiversity-case-studies-of-evolution-and-spatial-distribution
    Language: English
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    Hydrodynamics : Natural Water Bodies (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: hydrodynamics ; hydrology ; mechanical engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: The phenomena related to the flow of fluids are generally complex, and difficult to quantify. New approaches, considering points of view still not explored, may introduce useful tools in the study of Hydrodynamics and the related transport phenomena. The details of the flows and the properties of the fluids must be considered on a very small scale perspective. Consequently, new concepts and tools are generated to better describe the fluids and their properties. This volume presents conclusions about advanced topics of calculated and observed flows. It contains twenty chapters, organized in five sections: 1) Mathematical Models in Fluid Mechanics 2) Biological Applications and Biohydrodynamics 3) Detailed Experimental Analyses of Fluids and Flows 4) Radiation-, Electro-, Magnetohydrodynamics, and Magnetorheology 5) Special Topics on Simulations and Experimental Data. These chapters present new points of view about methods and tools used in Hydrodynamics.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (286 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533078939
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/hydrodynamics-natural-water-bodies
    Language: English
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