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  • thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences  (402)
  • Q1-390  (396)
  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (649)
  • English  (649)
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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are dramatically influencing the environment, and research is strongly committed to proposing alternatives, mainly based on renewable energy sources. Low GHG electricity production from renewables is well established but issues of grid balancing are limiting their application. Energy storage is a key topic for the further deployment of renewable energy production. Besides batteries and other types of electrical storage, electrofuels and bioderived fuels may offer suitable alternatives in some specific scenarios. This Special Issue includes contributions on the energy conversion technologies and use, energy storage, technologies integration, e-fuels, and pilot and large-scale applications.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; n/a ; PV ; GHG savings ; lithium-ion battery (LIB) ; probability prediction ; decarbonization ; supercapacitor (SC) ; least squares support vector machine ; EV fleet forecasts ; alternative maritime power (AMP) ; Markov chain ; feasibility study ; D funding ; hybrid power system ; numerical analysis ; ship structure ; optimal sizing ; cellulosic ethanol ; electric vehicles EV ; biofuel ; green ship ; R&amp ; bulk carrier ; molten carbonate fuel cell system ; sparse Gaussian process regression ; power-to-gas ; combination method ; charging infrastructure ; jet fuel ; flow characteristics ; hybrid refinery ; LNG-fueled ship ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: DNA methylation, a modification found in most species, regulates chromatin functions in conjunction with other epigenome modifications, such as histone post-translational modifications and non-coding RNAs. In mammals, DNA methylation has an essential role in development by orchestrating the generation and maintenance of the phenotypic diversity of human cell types. Recent years have brought spectacular advances in our understanding of the mechanism, function and regulation of DNA methyltransferases through their interaction with other epigenome modifications, chromatin factors and post-translational modifications, which are described in this Special Issue of Genes. Manuscripts are specifically addressing describing the targeting and regulation of DNA methyltransferases by interacting factors and their roles in cellular differentiation and the development of diseases. Prof. Dr. Albert Jeltsch and Prof. Dr. Humaira Gowher, Guest Editors
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; DNMTs ; n/a ; histone modification ; TBRS ; DNA methyltransferases ; autoinhibition ; epigenetics ; DNMT ; cell identity ; embryogenesis ; dwarfism ; DNMT3B ; germ cells ; HSAN1E ; USP7 ; DNMT3A ; DNA methyltransferase ; gene expression ; DNMT1 ; de novo DNA methylation ; DNA methyltransferase structure ; UHRF1 ; DNA methyltransferase mechanism ; allosteric regulation ; rare diseases ; DNA Methylation ; maintenance DNA methylation ; DNA methylation ; ADCA-DN ; PCC/PGL ; ubiquitination ; TETs ; DNA methyltransferase function ; molecular epigenetics ; DNA methyltransferase regulation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease and other Haemoglobinopathies is a Special Issue of the International Journal of Neonatal Screening. Sickle cell disease is one of the most common inherited blood disorders, with a huge impact on health care systems due to high morbidity and high mortality associated with the undiagnosed disease. Newborn screening helps to make the diagnosis early and to prevent fatal complications and diagnostic odysseys. This book gives an overview of diagnostic standards in newborn screening for sickle cell disease and examples of existing newborn screening programs.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ; hydroxyurea/hydroxycarbamide ; n/a ; cord blood ; screening ; hemoglobin pattern ; capillary electrophoresis ; sickle cell disease ; (recommended) screening panel ; vaso-occlusive crisis ; Guthrie spots ; newborn screening) ; foetal haemoglobin ; harmonisation ; review ; birth prevalence ; G6PD deficiency ; prevention ; end-organ damage ; thalassemia ; MALDI-TOF ; IEF ; acute chest syndrome ; India ; sickle cell and thalassaemia screening programme ; ‘Getting to Outcomes’ ; newborn screening ; hemoglobinopathy ; service users ; public health engagement ; automated HPLC ; Kaduna State ; gene therapy for haemoglobinopathies ; ?-globin gene ; methods ; neonatal screening program ; malaria ; Plasmodium vivax ; sub-Saharan Africa ; patient organisations ; health policy ; pathophysiology ; Sickle Cell Disease ; mass spectrometry ; sickle cell disorder ; neonatal screening ; non-tribal ; Nigeria ; point-of-care ; HPLC ; laboratory methods ; registry ; patient advocacy ; bone marrow transplant ; anaemia ; hemoglobinopathies ; tribal ; newborn ; burden of disease ; patient representatives ; diagnostics ; policy making ; haemolysis ; Caribbean ; high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ; sickle cell disease (SCD) ; implementation science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Recombinant viruses expressing reporter fluorescent or bioluminescent proteins are an excellent option to evaluate the dynamics of viral infection progression in both cultured cells and/or validated animal models of viral infection. Reporter proteins are valid surrogates for direct detection of infected cells in vitro and in vivo, without the use of secondary methodologies to identify infected cells. By eliminating the need of secondary labeling, tractable replicating-competent, reporter-expressing viruses provide an ideal approach to monitor viral infections in real time, representing a significant advance in the study of the biology of viruses, to evaluate vaccination approaches, and to identify new therapeutics against viral infections using high-throughput screening settings. In this Special Issue “Replication-Competent Reporter-Expressing Viruses” we review replication-competent, reporter-expressing viruses belonging to different families, methods of characterization, and applications to facilitate the study of in vitro and in vivo viral infections. We also seek to discuss disadvantages and limitations associated with these reporter-expressing viruses. Finally, we provide rational future perspectives and additional avenues for the development, characterization, and applications of recombinant, reporter-expressing, competent viruses.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; luminescence ; virus rescue approaches ; fluorescence ; Recombinant viruses ; plasmid-based reverse genetics ; reporter genes ; replicating-competent reporter-expressing viruses ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Introducing “A Feasible Approach for Natural Products to Treatment of Diseases”–an exploration of the therapeutic potential locked within nature’s abundant offerings. This comprehensive reprint delves into the fascinating realm of natural products, uncovering their inherent properties, mechanisms of action, and potential roles in effective disease management. Through extensive scientific research and reviews, the authors shed light on the immense potential of natural products as a viable approach to enhancing health and combating diseases. This reprint presents a diverse and multidimensional exploration, bridging the gap between traditional wisdom and contemporary scientific understanding and offering new avenues for healthcare professionals, researchers, and enthusiasts to harness the power of nature’s remarkable resources. As a catalyst for unlocking the healing potential of natural products, this reprint inspires further investigation and innovation, and drives us towards a future where their integration into mainstream healthcare becomes indispensable. Discover the possibilities and embark on a health and well-being journey with “A Feasible Approach for Natural Products to Treatment of Diseases”.
    Keywords: cancer immunotherapy ; fructan ; FT-IR ; mass spectrometry ; young green barley ; COVID-19 ; β-glucans ; immunomodulation ; anti-inflammation ; anti-oxidant ; ACE2 regulation ; impedance ; ECIS ; antitumor activity ; anticancer properties ; betulin ; betulinic acid ; Amadori rearrangement compounds ; barley ; anti-obesity ; arginyl-fructose ; adipogenic ; ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraenol (ERGT) ; cholesta-5,7,22,24-tetraenol (CHT) ; ergosterol biosynthesis ; antimetabolite ; suicide substrate ; Trypanosoma brucei ; coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 ; main protease ; Saussurea costus ; molecular docking ; GC-MS profiling ; Molineria recurvata ; diabetic nephropathy ; urinary biomarkers ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; walnut ; Juglans regia ; high-fat diet ; insulin resistance ; cognitive function ; JNK/NFκB pathway ; Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium ; flavonoids ; anticancer ; mechanism ; phenotype ; Angelica sinensis polysaccharide ; Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide ; hexokinase 2 ; glycolysis ; JAK2/STAT3 pathway ; liver regeneration ; Holoptelea integrifolia ; MMP-9 ; wound healing ; friedelin ; oxalactam A ; macrolactam ; anti-Rhizoctonia solani ; Penicillium oxalicum ; molecular dynamics ; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ; natural products ; terpenoids ; mechanisms ; treatment ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress is associated with a number of health disorders, including cardiovascular malfunction, certain types of cancer, diabetes mellitus, many other auto-immune diseases, and even ageing. The body possesses multiple mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress, which employ antioxidant compounds that are either naturally generated in situ (endogenous antioxidants) or externally supplied through food (exogenous antioxidants). These antioxidants are able to counteract oxidative stress, thanks to their ability to neutralize excess free radicals and protect the cellular lipids, proteins, and DNA from molecular damage. Exogenous antioxidants from the diet are of increasing interest because of their beneficial role in maintaining good health and in preventing chronic diseases. Indeed, a diet rich in dietary antioxidants, especially from fruits and vegetables, has been correlated with a successful prevention and lower incidence of several degenerative pathologies, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This Special Issue of Nutrients welcomes the submission of manuscripts, either describing original research or reviewing scientific literature, examining the role of diets rich in antioxidant compounds in the prevention of chronic diseases and the characteristics of the antioxidants included in such diets.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; antioxidants ; chronic diseases ; dietary supplementation ; human health ; prevention ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This Special Issue contains one review and five original articles, all of which address cutting-edge research in the field of water and environmental virology. The review article by Gerba and Betancourt summarizes the current status and future needs for the development of virus detection methods in water reuse systems, especially focusing on methods to assess the infectivity of enteric viruses. Original papers cover a variety of research topics, such as an environmental monitoring survey of group A rotaviruses in sewage and oysters in Japan, the occurrence and genetic diversity of noroviruses and rotaviruses in a wastewater reclamation system in China, the detection of viruses and their indicators in tanker water and its sources in Nepal, integrated culture next-generation sequencing to identify the diversity of F-specific RNA coliphages in wastewater, and the development of a portable collection and detection method for viruses from ambient air and its application to a wastewater treatment plant.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; reuse ; aerosols ; viral indicator ; wastewater treatment ; microbial contamination ; index virus ; real-time PCR ; tanker water ; virus ; wastewater reclamation ; pathogenic virus ; infectivity ; chlorination ; molecular methods ; wastewater ; next-generation sequencing ; fecal source tracking ; oyster ; fecal-source marker ; viral contamination ; cell culture ; pathogenic microorganisms ; rotavirus ; ultraviolet disinfection ; F-specific RNA bacteriophage strain ; sewage ; waterborne gastroenteritis viruses ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Diet and nutrition are key tools in promoting health and reducing the comorbidities of chronic diseases. There are thousands of biomolecules in fruits, vegetables, wild and medicinal plants, other land and marine organisms, which can exert functional and health-promoting effects through bioactivity beyond nutrition. From the enormous amount of knowledge generated from different natural bioactive ingredients present in foods, we are aiming to bring together experts working in different fields of food, nutrition, and health, in order to work on this Special Issue, with a comprehensive collection of papers to gain insight into the most promising bioactive compounds in different foods, to improve the preservation of bioactivity during the food processing chain, and to provide scientific evidence of the efficacy of key bioactives in foods in preventing disease and improving health and wellbeing.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; TX341-641 ; Health ; Bioactives ; Nutrition and Metabolism ; Nutrients ; Bioavailability ; Food ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The diversity of wood and non-wood forest products is enormous and reflected in their anatomical, physical and chemical properties as well as their potential applications. Special attention should be given to lesser-known species and even to invasive species, which may be profitable when properly managed, thereby decreasing the overexploitation of threatened species. Besides the market importance of stem wood, other tree components and non-wood forest products, often regarded simply as forest residual materials, are valuable forest resources with various potential applications that can strengthen the circular economy. Assessing the characteristics of these diverse materials, such as their structure and anatomy as well as their physical and chemical properties, is fundamental for evaluating their potential and increasing high-quality end-uses. This knowledge will also contribute to sustainable forest management with enhanced forest diversity and species conservation in addition to the reinforcement of certification and environmental policies.
    Keywords: Calamus zollingeri ; Calamus ornatus ; dynamic vapor sorption ; basic density ; volumetric swelling ; white rot ; mold ; Quercus suber L. ; seasonal variation ; cuticular waxes ; leaves ; new species ; morphology ; wood ; properties ; chemical composition ; spectroscopy ; chemometrics ; unconventional species ; Quercus suber ; cork borer ; cork ; phenolics ; tropical species ; wood anatomy ; wood density ; wood color ; multivariate analysis ; species diversity ; dark-brown zone ; lenticular filling tissue ; quantitative anatomical characteristics ; Quercus variabilis ; reproduction cork ; scanning electron microscopy ; sclereid ; virgin cork ; Cytisus scoparius ; liquefied ; optimization ; eco-valorization ; agro-industrial residues ; Asparagaceae ; lignocellulose ; crystalline cellulose ; syringyl/guaiacyl ; anatomy ; Tilia amurensis Rupr. ; Tilia mandshurica Rupr. & Maxim. ; branch ; wood properties ; papermaking material ; tropical timber ; color parameters ; mid-infrared spectroscopy ; FTIR ratios ; environmental factors ; West African Sahel ; Cupressus funebris Endl. wood ; wood knots ; physical properties ; wood color properties ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAL Forestry industry
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: “Personalised Nutrition” represents any initiative that attempts to provide tailor-made healthy eating advice based on the nutritional needs of each individual, as these are dictated by the individual’s behaviour, phenotype and/or genotype, and their interactions. This Special Issue of Nutrients is dedicated to the development, implementation and assessment of the effectiveness of evidence-based “Personalised Nutrition” strategies. In this regard, a selection of reviews and original research manuscripts will bring together the latest evidence on how lifestyle habits, physiology, nutraceuticals, gut microbiome and genetics can be integrated into nutritional solutions, specific to the needs of each individual, for maintaining health and preventing diseases.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; n/a ; gene-based ; taste ; postprandial leptin ; children ; personalised ; obesity ; macronutrient composition ; gastrointestinal symptoms ; postprandial adiponectin ; formula diet ; avoidance diet ; weight loss ; weight ; omega-3 fatty acids ; microbiome ; genotype ; nutrition ; direct-to-consumer test ; intervention ; clinical nutrition ; postprandial total ghrelin ; dietary intervention ; microbiota ; low-carbohydrate diet ; insulin ; FADS polymorphism ; adults ; genetics ; diet ; healthcare professionals ; HbA1c ; PROX1 gene ; phenotype ; high-fat meal ; glucose ; personalised nutrition ; irritable bowel syndrome ; dietary recommendation ; postprandial metabolic fingerprinting ; type 2 diabetes mellitus risk ; high-carbohydrate meal ; health ; ultra-high performance liquid chromatography ; food allergy ; normo-carbohydrate meal ; nutrimetabolomics ; type 2 diabetes ; nutrigenetics ; gene–diet interaction ; personalized nutrition ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: New scientific advances in different areas have allowed the design of more precise strategies for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders through nutrition. In this context emerges the term Precision Nutrition, a new approach that takes advantage of scientific knowledge about the interaction of internal and external environmental factors to develop dynamic and precise nutritional recommendations. Therefore, Precision Nutrition includes personalized advice based on genetics and well-documented gene–nutrient–phenotype interactions, as well as other factors such as individual metabolome, transcriptome, and microbiota profile; food behavior; and dietary, physical activity, and life-style habits; and the resulting interactomes. Precision Nutrition should be based at least on three sequential steps: conventional nutritional approaches (considering age, gender, and physiological states); the incorporation of nutritional and health status information (e.g., metabolites, physical and nutritional behavior); and the genetic baggage including multiomics functional integration.
    Keywords: dietary parameters ; carbohydrate intake ; obesity ; single nucleotide polymorphism ; CLOCK gene ; rs3749474 ; sodium intake ; hypertension ; single-nucleotide polymorphism ; personalized nutrition ; dietary vitamin A ; body fat ; UCP ; retinoic acid ; PBMC ; genetic variant ; weight loss ; nutrigenomics ; dietary intervention ; FTO gene ; dietary protein ; dietary carbohydrates ; dietary fat ; macronutrients ; gene-diet interaction ; glucose homeostasis ; glaucoma ; polygenetic-risk scores ; gene-gene interaction ; gene-nutrient interaction ; precision medicine ; childhood ; insulin resistance ; adipokine ; metabolomics ; biomarkers ; ELOVL ; metabolic alterations ; Mexican population ; Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ; pediatrics ; cardiometabolic risk factors ; precision nutrition ; eating behavior ; nutrigenetics ; microbiota ; metabolic syndrome ; Mediterranean diet ; genetic risk score ; HELENA ; adolescents ; sex ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Landscapes have long been viewed as ‘multifunctional’, integrating ecological, economic, sociocultural, historical, and aesthetic dimensions. Landscape science and public awareness in Europe have been progressing in leaps and bounds. The challenges involved in landscape-related issues and fields, however, are multiple and refer to landscape stewardship and protection, as well as to the development of comprehensive theoretical and methodological approaches, in tandem with public sensitization and participatory governance and in coordination with appropriate top-down planning and policy instruments. Landscape-scale approaches are fundamental to the understanding of past and present cultural evolution, and are now considered to be an appropriate spatial framework for the analysis of sustainability. Methods and tools of landscape analysis and intervention have also gone a long way since their early development in Europe and the United States. Although significant progress has been made, there remain many issues which are understudied or not investigated at all—at least in a Mediterranean context. This Special Issue addresses the application of landscape theory and practice in the Eastern Mediterranean and mainly, but not exclusively, reports on the outcomes of an international conference held in Jordan, in December 2015, with the title “Landscapes of Eastern Mediterranean: Challenges, Opportunities, Prospects and Accomplishments”. The focus of this Special Issue, landscapes of the Eastern Mediterranean region, thus constitutes a timely area of research interest, not only because these landscapes have so far been understudied, but also as a rich site of strikingly variegated, long-standing multicultural human–environmental interactions. These interactions, resting on and taking shape through millennia of continuity in tradition, have been striving to adapt to technological advances, while currently juggling with manifold and multilayered socioeconomic and climate–environmental crises.
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; landscape archaeology ; Cyprus ; Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) ; Eastern Mediterranean ; Land Description Units ; stakeholders’ analysis ; UK ; local authority ; ancient sanctuaries ; East Med landscape ; Twain-born Border Lord ; Landscape Decision Support System ; mapping ; topography ; Byzantine landscape and garden art ; economy ; LCA ; classification ; churches ; Arabic-speaking ; participatory ; Landscape Risk Assessment Model ; landforms ; GIS ; planning ; typology ; Greek-speaking ; public realm ; landscape changes ; sacred space ; comparative study ; urban environment ; ideology ; political power ; Arabic landscape and garden art ; cultural sustainability ; historical maps ; religion ; rural land ; multi-functional landscapes ; Lebanon ; Mediterranean ; geographical information system ; spatial distributions ; Land Description Unit (LDU) ; political sustainability ; landscape ; landscape character assessment ; governance ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The practical importance of economic valuation information can hardly be overstated. Coastal and marine resource policy planning and management benefit from complete information on the impact of policy decisions.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; internet survey ; open access ; contingent valuation method ; coastal management ; tourism ; Thailand ; marine ; wetlands ; harmful algae blooms ; environmental valuation ; quota ; cyanobacteria ; estuarine and coastal ecosystems ; wealth accounting ; seawater quality ; economic analysis ; remote sensing ; ecosystem restoration ; coastal ecosystems ; random utility model ; contingent behavior ; public policy ; habitat–fishery linkages ; Barbados ; coastal ecosystem services valuation ; fishery ; mangroves ; ecosystem services valuation ; coral reefs valuation ; recreational boating ; regulated open access ; non-market value ; economic valuation ; ecosystem services ; coastal ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Hippo pathway is a highly dynamic cellular signaling nexus that plays central roles in multiple cell types and regulates regeneration, metabolism, and development. The Hippo pathway integrates mechanotransduction, cell polarity, inflammation, and numerous types of paracrine signaling. If not tightly regulated, dysregulated Hippo pathway signaling drives the onset and progression of a range of diseases, including fibrosis and cancer. The molecular understanding of the Hippo pathway is rapidly evolving. This Special Issue contains ten articles contributed by established and up-and-coming Hippo pathway experts that, as a whole, provides an up-to-date overview of how dysregulated Hippo pathway activity is a common driver of specific diseases. The articles have a particular focus on the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms that cause the Hippo pathway to go awry, and especially how this drives disease. The articles analyze disease-specific as well as common themes, which provides valuable insights into the fundamental molecular mechanisms in the dysfunctioning Hippo pathway, and thereby offer practical insights into potential future therapeutic intervention strategies.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; STRIPAK ; skin cancer ; n/a ; Lats2 ; transcription ; myofibroblast ; epigenetic ; Hippo ; cancer immunity ; TAZ ; Taz ; TAZ (transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif) ; adaptive immunity ; fibroblasts ; innate immunity ; LATS ; MST (mammalian STE20-like protein kinase) ; phosphorylation ; stem cells ; wound healing ; signal transduction ; angiogenesis ; LATS1/2 ; EMT ; protein-protein interactions ; structure biology ; Hippo pathway ; hippo pathway ; autoimmunity ; Mps one binder ; YAP/TAZ ; GPCR ; fibrosis ; MST1/2 ; YAP (yes-associated protein) ; YAP ; Yap ; protein kinase ; LATS (large tumor suppressor kinase) ; peripheral nerve sheath tumor ; signal cross-talk ; stem cell ; skin development ; STK38 ; tumorigenesis ; NDR ; schwannoma ; G protein-coupled receptor ; anti-cancer therapy ; feedback loops ; vascular mimicry ; castration resistance ; chromatin ; Hippo signalling ; ECM ; MST ; prostate cancer ; TEAD ; cancer ; zebrafish ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Planting trees in the agricultural landscape, in the form of establishing agroforestry systems, has a significant role to play in potentially improving ecosystem services, such as increased biodiversity, reduced soil erosion, increased soil carbon storage, improved food security and nutrition, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. While the role of trees in agroforestry systems in improving ecosystem services has been researched, studies in new systems/regions and new agroforestry system designs are still emerging. This Special Issue includes selected papers presented at the 4th World Congress on Agroforestry, Montpellier, France 20–22 May 2019, and other volunteer papers. The scope of articles includes all aspects of agroforestry systems.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; farmers’ knowledge ; ahannon-wiener index ; economic benefits ; alley cropping ; lignin ; shelterbelts ; agroforestry ; natural capital ; forest farming ; nutrient content ; agroforestry system ; review ; Amazonia ; cropland ; riparian buffers ; climate change ; subtropical acidic forest soil ; bees ; phosphorus ; pollination ; 15N tracing experiment ; stable isotope ; West Java ; interspecific competition ; growth form ; cropping system ; climate change mitigation ; gross N transformation rates ; East Africa ; improved-fallow ; N-fixing trees ; carbon sequestration ; home garden ; margalef index ; windbreaks ; leaf nutrient diagnosis ; agroforestry systems ; pollinators ; sorption ; forestland ; China ; temperature change ; fractionation ; hedgerows ; native trees ; slash-and-mulch ; soil N ; shade tree species ; soil C ; Alpinia oxyphylla ; sustainable management ; plant water use ; rubber-based agroforestry system ; ecosystem services ; Indonesia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The intention of this Special Issue is to focus on new aspects of drug discovery, including the search for new molecular targets of various diseases, the creation of new modern methods for diagnosing diseases, the development of new test systems and kits for assessing the selectivity and effectiveness of new drugs, the study of the molecular mechanisms of biologically active compounds, the formulation of new drugs, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, and preclinical trials of important molecules.
    Keywords: Streptococci ; antimicrobials ; QSAR ; MD simulation ; Kunitz-type peptides ; neuroprotective activity ; sea anemones ; TRPV1 ; P2X7R ; Parkinson’s disease (PD) ; diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) ; deep neural network ; drug discovery ; drug combination ; biomarker ; cancer severity ; cancer prognosis ; MAFB ; tumor-associated macrophages ; prostate cancer ; photodynamic therapy ; magnetic resonance imaging ; ex vivo ; anti-inflammatory substance ; N-acylhydrazone ; naphthyl-N-acylhydrazone ; LASSBio-1524 analogues ; phosphacoumarin ; azomethine ylide ; cycloaddition ; anti-cancer ; cytotoxicity ; quantum chemistry ; pravastatin ; metformin ; radiation-induced intestinal injury ; minipigs ; epithelial regeneration ; inflammation ; arylazo sulfones ; DNA binding ; DNA cleavage ; DNA photocleavage ; A375 melanoma cells ; molecular docking ; radicals ; N–S bond homolysis ; platinum(II) ; five-coordinate complexes ; glycoconjugation ; cytotoxic activity ; protein X-ray structure ; lipophilicity ; natural products ; acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ; butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors ; Alzheimer’s disease ; central nervous system ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: This edition is a reprint of the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292) from 2016–2017 (available at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing/special issues/rsALS), complemented by selected articles published in Remote Sensing
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; Airborne Lidar Systems ; Data Processing
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  • 18
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Satellite Earth observation (EO) data have already exceeded the petabyte scale and are increasingly freely and openly available from different data providers. This poses a number of issues in terms of volume (e.g., data volumes have increased 10
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; knowledge base ; metadata ; Synthetic Aperture Radar ; versioning ; web services ; web application ; sustainable development goals ; earth observations ; FAIR principles ; land cover classification ; semantic enrichment ; satellite imagery ; imagery ; analysis ; information extraction ; ARD ; analysis ready data ; swiss DC ; data cube ; Open Data Cube ; UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ; time-series ; graph data ; Digital Earth Australia ; query store ; open data cube ; pyroSAR ; R ; earth oberservation ; image cube ; sentinel ; open science ; Sentinel ; reproducibility ; change ; big EO data ; earth observation ; big Earth data ; Earth Observations ; Australia ; geospatial standards ; big earth data ; visualization ; UN System of Environmental Economic Accounting ; interferometric coherence ; dynamic data citation ; intelligent semantic agents ; data curation ; snow cover ; big data ; Analysis Ready Data ; climate change ; topology based map algebra ; data provenance ; Sentinel-1 ; Sentinel-2 ; remote sensing ; interoperability ; image data cube ; optical remote sensing ; dual-polarimetric decomposition ; GIS ; Gran Paradiso National Park ; data sharing ; SAR ; map algebra ; Earth observation ; Armenian DC ; data cubes ; Data Cube ; data discovery ; Earth observation data ; persistent identifier ; Landsat ; GRASS GIS ; subset ; landsat ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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  • 19
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The range of human neurodegenerative diseases continues to pose significant unmet medical needs for societies around the world. The progressive and terminal nature of these conditions places a considerable personal burden on the individual affected but also on public health systems and health services. Tens of millions of people are indiscriminately affected by various dementias, which are rising at an alarming rate. There are no cures for many conditions, and it is clear that treatments applied as early as possible could greatly improve outcomes for patients. Therefore, new disease classification and diagnostic tools should be a key priority. Metabolomics represents a relatively new field of analytical science, which can be extremely useful in the early diagnosis of disease. The relatively unique feature of metabolites is that they sit at the intersection between the genetic background of an organism and its environment. Because many neurodegenerative diseases are not genetically inherited (instead having a range of known genetic risk factors and also a large number of unknown environmental triggers) the field of metabolomics offers great promise for the discovery of new, biologically, and clinically relevant biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders. It is already bringing forward new knowledge in terms of the mechanisms of neurodegenerative disease.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; glutamic acid ; n/a ; direct mass spectrometry ; neurodegeneration ; 6-OHDA ; targeted mass spectrometry ; mitochondrial dysfunction ; myo-inositol ; metabolomics ; bile acids ; subacute mild traumatic brain injury ; age-related macular degeneration ; metabolic pathways ; energy metabolism ; midbrain ; Alzheimer’s disease ; biomarkers ; 1H NMR ; Parkinson’s disease dementia ; GC-MS ; pathogenesis ; tricarboxylic acid cycle ; micro-dialysis ; 13C-labeled succinate ; metabolism ; lipidomics ; dementia with Lewy bodies ; fatty acid ; prodromal Parkinson’s disease ; malonate ; cerebral ischemia ; mass spectrometry ; retinal pigment epithelium ; excitotoxicity ; endothelin-1 ; reperfusion ; C. elegans ; Streptomyces venezuelae ; ?-synuclein aggregates ; natural product ; fatty acid metabolism ; imaging mass spectrometry ; LC-MS ; drusen ; cerebral palsy ; plasma ; Parkinson’s disease ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Welfare is a multidimensional concept that can be described as the state of an animal as it copes with the environment. Captive environments can impact farmed animals at different levels, especially fishes, considering their highly complex sensory world. Understanding the ethology of a species is therefore essential to address fish welfare, and the interpretation of behavioral responses in specific rearing contexts (aquaculture or experimental contexts) demands knowledge of their underlying physiological, developmental, functional, and evolutionary mechanisms. In natural environments, the stress response has evolved to help animals survive challenging conditions. However, animals are adapted to deal with natural stressors, while anthropogenic stimuli may represent stressors that fishes are unable to cope with. Under such circumstances, stress responses may be maladaptive and cause severe damage to the animal. As welfare in captivity is affected in multiple dimensions, multiple possible indicators can be used to assess the welfare state of individuals. In the past, research on welfare has been largely focusing on health indicators and predominantly based on physiological stress. Ethological indicators, however, also integrate the mental perspective of the individual and have been gradually assuming an important role in welfare research: behavioral responses to stressors are an early response to adverse conditions, easily observable, and demonstrative of emotional states. Many behavioral indicators can be used as non-invasive measurements of welfare in practical contexts such as aquaculture and experimentation. Presently, research in fish welfare is growing in importance and interest because of the growing economic importance of fish farming, the comparative biology opportunities that experimental fishes provide, and the increasing public sensitivity to welfare issues.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; SF1-1100 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; muscle texture ; fractal analysis ; fish welfare ; Danio rerio ; motivation ; histopathology ; elevated phosphate concentrations ; sharks ; welfare ; African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) ; feed efficiency ; fighting ability ; aggressive interaction ; social rank ; boldness ; ethology ; fisheries management ; physiological response ; FishEthoBase ; welfare scores ; welfare criteria ; stress ; pain ; stereotypical behaviour ; Scyliorhinus canicula ; animal behavior ; welfare enhancement ; social communication ; nociception ; negative and positive affect ; aggression ; fertilisation success ; risk analysis ; aquaculture ; hematology ; Amyloodinium ocellatum ; framework ; structural complexity ; territorial ; growth ; positive welfare ; social stress ; age ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 21
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The re-use of industrial food residues is essential in the general framework of rational waste handling and recycling, which aims at the minimizing environmental impact of food production and producing functional food ingredients. Agri-food processing waste has long been considered a valuable biomass with a significant polyphenol load and profile. Polyphenols, aside from being powerful antioxidants that confer inherent stability to a variety of foods, may possess versatile bioactivities including anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive properties. The valorization of agri-food waste as a prominent source of polyphenols stems from the enormous amount of food-related material discharged worldwide and the emerging eco-friendly technologies that allow high recovery, recycling, and sustainable use of these materials. This book addresses the concept of recovering natural polyphenolic antioxidants from waste biomass generated by agri-food and related industrial processes and presents state-of-the-art applications with prospect in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; polyphenols ; n/a ; valorization ; ultrasound assisted extraction ; microwave assisted extraction ; Box–Behnken design ; HPLC-DAD-q-TOF-MS ; Dioscorea batatas ; green oleo-extraction ; grape marc ; quantitative analysis ; natural antioxidants and flavors ; antioxidant ; infrared-assisted extraction ; anti-ageing ; anthocyanins ; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Chinese yam ; functional food ; extraction ; olive mill wastewater ; adsorbents ; relative solubility simulation ; HPLC-fluorometric detector (FLD)–MS ; saffron ; antioxidants ; food-grade solvents ; Mango ; zero-waste biorefinery ; response surface methodology ; ophthalmic hydrogel ; olive leaves ; sonotrode ultrasonic-assisted extraction ; vegetable oils and derivatives ; anti-inflammatory ; skin whitening ; phenolics ; Brewers’ spent grains ; proanthocyanidins ; brewer’s spent grain ; anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity ; antimicrobial activity ; by-products ; antiplatelet activity ; phenanthrenes ; wine lees ; bioactive compounds ; deep eutectic solvents ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 22
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Ice crystals are the most ubiquitous material found in the cryosphere environment of the Earth, in the planetary system, and also in our daily lives. In recent years, ice crystals have increased in importance as one of the key materials for finding solutions to settle various environmental concerns at a global scale. Furthermore, ice crystals are unique materials which are potentially extremely useful in various applications, for example, within the food sciences, medical sciences, and other fields. In dealing with these interesting subjects, research on ice crystals has been more actively pursued in recent years. The Special Issue “Ice Crystals” presents a wide varieties of topics related to ice crystals. It can be considered as a status report reviewing the recent research on ice crystals and serves to provide readers with information on the latest developments concerning ice crystals.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; coarsening kinetics ; antifreeze protein ; microstructure ; ice crystals ; decomposition ; formation ; cryo-photo microscopy ; cryoprotective agent ; ice cream ; reformation ; tomography ; deformation ; clathrate hydrate ; Negative thermal expansivity ; tetrahydrofuran ; ice crystal ; pressure ; molecular dynamics ; Grüneisen parameter ; modelling ; ab initio calculation ; freezing ; nanoscale pores ; quasi-liquid layer ; electron paramagnetic resonance ; potential of mean force ; gas hydrate ; spin labeling ; pre-decomposition pressure ; mW model ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 23
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by molds. Although the primary role of these toxins is thought to be related to the colonisation of the environment by the fungi—mycotoxins are able to kill other micro-organisms (antimicrobial effect) and/or plant cells (mycotoxin-producing fungi being necrophagic)—the exposure of animals and humans to mycotoxins through the consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated food and feeds leads to diseases and death. Among the different mycotoxins described (more than 350 mycotoxins have been identified), deoxynivalenol (DON or vomitoxin) produced by Fusarium species has attracted the most attention due to its prevalence and toxicity. DON is part of a family of mycotoxins called trichothecenes that are small sesquiterpenoids with an epoxide group at positions 12–13 allowing their binding to ribosomes causing the so-called ribosome stress response, characterized by the activation of various protein kinases that lead to alterations in gene expression and cellular toxicity in animals, humans and plants. Here, we compiled very recent findings regarding DON and its derivatives: i) their prevalence in human food; ii) the estimation of the exposure of humans to them using biological markers; iii) their roles during plant–fungi interaction; iv) the alteration caused by them in animals and humans, particularly at low doses that are close to those observed in farm animals and human consumers; v) possible strategies to decrease their presence in food and feeds. Overall, this book will give the reader a clear and global view on this important mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species which is responsible for huge economic loss and health issues.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; cell entry ; deoxynivalenol ; DON derivative ; cell effect ; trichothecene ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 24
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Urological Cancer 2020 collection contains a set of multidisciplinary contributions to the extraordinary heterogeneity of tumor mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and therapies of the renal, urinary tract, and prostate cancers, with the intention of offering to interested readers a representative snapshot of the status of urological research.
    Keywords: renal cell carcinoma ; iron ; macrophages ; chelation therapy ; urothelial carcinoma ; transcriptome ; microtubule ; MAP1B ; prognosis ; KLF5 ; androgen receptor ; cell proliferation ; tumorigenesis ; prostate cancer ; precision medicine ; whole genome sequencing ; optical mapping ; therapy ; prostate carcinoma ; prostate mpMRI ; machine learning ; artificial intelligence ; deep learning ; neural network ; angiogenesis ; angiogenic growth factors ; antiangiogenic therapy ; renal tumors ; prevention ; α1-adrenoceptor antagonists ; anoikis ; vascularity ; research model ; oncogenes ; tumor suppressor genes ; MR-guided ; radiotherapy ; MRgRT ; stereotactic ablative radiotherapy ; stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) ; renal cell cancer ; RCC ; online adaptive ; [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT ; dual-time point imaging ; delayed imaging ; biphasic imaging ; lesion positivity rate ; CXCL9 ; PD1 ; PD-L1 ; stage T1 NMIBC ; prostatic neoplasms/mortality ; prostatic neoplasms/epidemiology ; SEER Program ; bladder cancer ; transurethral resection ; en-bloc resection ; CPT1A ; fatty acids ; serine ; androgen response ; ROS ; oxidative stress ; DONSON ; Downstream Neighbor of SON ; biomarker ; metastatic spread ; diagnosis ; differential diagnosis ; histopathology ; immunohistochemistry ; stroma signature ; patient-derived xenografts ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 25
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The present book contains 14 papers published in the Special Issue “Differential Geometry” of the journal Mathematics. They represent a selection of the 30 submissions. This book covers a variety of both classical and modern topics in differential geometry. We mention properties of both rectifying and affine curves, the geometry of hypersurfaces, angles in Minkowski planes, Euclidean submanifolds, differential operators and harmonic forms on Riemannian manifolds, complex manifolds, contact manifolds (in particular, Sasakian and trans-Sasakian manifolds), curvature invariants, and statistical manifolds and their submanifolds (in particular, Hessian manifolds). We wish to mention that among the authors, there are both well-known geometers and young researchers. The authors are from countries with a tradition in differential geometry: Belgium, China, Greece, Japan, Korea, Poland, Romania, Spain, Turkey, and United States of America. Many of these papers were already cited by other researchers in their articles. This book is useful for specialists in differential geometry, operator theory, physics, and information geometry as well as graduate students in mathematics.
    Keywords: QA1-939 ; Q1-390 ; statistical structure ; constant ratio submanifolds ; Euclidean submanifold ; framed helices ; Sasakian statistical manifold ; L2-harmonic forms ; Hodge–Laplacian ; complete connection ; concircular vector field ; cylindrical hypersurface ; k-th generalized Tanaka–Webster connection ; Casorati curvature ; symplectic curves ; generalized 1-type Gauss map ; rectifying submanifold ; manifold with singularity ; ruled surface ; Minkowski plane ; compact complex surfaces ; conjugate connection ; T-submanifolds ; L2-Stokes theorem ; inextensible flow ; shape operator ; generalized normalized ?-Casorati curvature ; Sasakian manifold ; centrodes ; circular helices ; non-flat complex space form ; invariant ; Frenet frame ; Darboux frame ; trans-Sasakian 3-manifold ; singular points ; symplectic curvatures ; Kähler–Einstein metrics ; conjugate symmetric statistical structure ; sectional ?-curvature ; circular rectifying curves ; developable surface ; capacity ; Ricci soliton ; Reeb flow symmetry ; Minkowskian pseudo-angle ; conical surface ; lie derivative ; position vector field ; pinching of the curvatures ; Hessian manifolds ; Minkowskian angle ; Hessian sectional curvature ; Minkowskian length ; lightlike surface ; affine sphere ; concurrent vector field ; slant ; affine hypersurface ; anti-invariant ; statistical manifolds ; Ricci operator ; C-Bochner tensor ; Ricci curvature ; real hypersurface ; scalar curvature ; framed rectifying curves ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 26
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Concerns have been raised with respect to the state of high-altitude and high-latitude treelines, as they are anticipated to undergo considerable modifications due to global changes, and especially due to climate warming. As high-elevation treelines are temperature-limited vegetation boundaries, they are considered to be sensitive to climate warming. As a consequence, in this future, warmer environment, an upward migration of treelines is expected because low air and root-zone temperatures constrain their regeneration and growth. Despite the ubiquity of climate warming, treeline advancement is not a worldwide phenomenon: some treelines have been advancing rapidly, others have responded sluggishly or have remained stable. This variation in responses is attributed to the potential interaction of a continuum of site-related factors that may lead to the occurrence of locally conditioned temperature patterns. Competition amongst species and below-ground resources have been suggested as additional factors explaining the variability in the movement of treelines. This Special Issue (book) is dedicated to the discussion of treeline responses to changing environmental conditions in different areas around the globe.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; tree seedling recruitment ; shrubline ; light quality ; higher altitude ; precipitation ; experimental rain exclusion ; Pinus cembra ; Changbai Mountain ; treeline dynamics ; fungal ecology ; thermal continentality ; tree regeneration ; elevational transect ; monitoring ; conifer shrub ; plant water availability ; permafrost ; foehn winds ; treeline ; Holocene ; nitrogen cycling ; carotenoids ; timberline ; 15N natural abundance ; spectrometer ; basal area increment ; palynology ; xylem embolism ; diversity ; elevational treeline ; European Alps ; temperature ; tree line ; winter stress ; photosynthetic pigments ; Pinus sibirica ; westerly winds ; relative air humidity ; ecosystem manipulation ; Larix decidua ; microsite ; polar treeline ; Central Austrian Alps ; Switzerland ; multi-stemmed growth form ; conifers ; forest edge ; history of treeline research ; soil drought ; dendroclimatology ; knowledge engineering ; Rocky Mountains ; apical control ; cloud ; postglacial ; alpine timberline ; space-for-time substitution ; climate change ; expert elicitation ; shoot elongation ; pit aspiration ; climate warming ; climate zone ; alpine treeline ; refilling ; Abies sibirica ; growth trend ; western Montana ; light quantity ; Picea abies ; Mediterranean climate ; forest climatology ; altitude ; environmental stress ; sub-Antarctic ; Erman’s birch ; photoinhibition ; tocopherol ; elevational gradients ; NDVI ; long-term trends ; sap flow ; peat ; tree seedlings ; Southern Ocean ; chlorophyll ; non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) ; drought ; upward advance ; remote sensing data ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 27
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Forests cover 30% of the Earth’s land area, or nearly four billion hectares. Enhancing the benefits and ecosystem services of forests has been increasingly recognized as an essential part of nature-based solutions for solving many emerging global environmental problems today. A core science supporting forest management is understanding the interactions of forests, water, and people. These interactions have become increasingly complex under climate change and its associated impacts, such as the increases in the intensity and frequency of drought and floods, increasing population and deforestation, and a rise in global demands for multiple ecosystem services including clean water supply and carbon sequestration. Forest watershed managers have recognized that water management is an essential component of forest management. Global environmental change is posing more challenges for managing forests and water toward sustainable development. New science on forest and water is critically needed across the globe. The International Forests and Water Conference 2018, Valdivia, Chile (http://forestsandwater2018.cl/), a joint effort of the 5th IUFRO International Conference on Forests and Water in a Changing Environment and the Second Latin American Conference on Forests and Water provided a unique forum to examine forest and water issues in Latin America under a global context. This book represents a collection of some of the peer-reviewed papers presented at the conference that were published in a Special Issue of Forests.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; SD1-669.5 ; social capital ; Cambodia ; forest and water policy ; land use and land cover change ; shrubland ; “Forests to Faucets” ; precipitation gradient ; forest ecosystem management ; afforestation ; connectivity ; land use change ; forest operations ; Chile ; catchment management ; forest plantation ; climate change ; compound wildfire-water risk ; native forest ; hydrology ; wetland ; streamside native buffer ; sustainability ; participatory monitoring ; hydrological modeling ; timber harvesting ; water quality ; native forests ; source water protection ; global change ; forest hydrology ; community drinking-water ; SDGs ; drinking-water security ; Oregon ; forest ; aquatic-riparian ecosystems ; NDC ; heat: moisture index ; watershed management ; load ; Rhyacotriton ; ecohydrology ; nutrient concentrations ; multi-criteria analysis ; Loess Plateau ; dissolved organic matter ; US Pacific Northwest ; soil moisture ; agricultural lands ; water management ; water provision ; water supply ; forests ; post-fire hydrology ; grassland ; forest plantations ; restoration strategy ; riparian buffer zones ; Mekong ; riparian vegetation ; density management harvest ; SWAT model ; forest watersheds ; water governance ; Nenjiang River ; forestry ; ecosystem services ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 28
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: An important, open research topic today is to understand the relevance that dark matter halo substructure may have for dark matter searches. In the standard cosmological model, halo substructure or subhalos are predicted to be largely abundant inside larger halos, for example, galaxies such as ours, and are thought to form first and later merge to form larger structures. Dwarf satellite galaxies—the most massive exponents of halo substructure in our own galaxy—are already known to be excellent targets for dark matter searches, and indeed, they are constantly scrutinized by current gamma-ray experiments in the search for dark matter signals. Lighter subhalos not massive enough to have a visible counterpart of stars and gas may be good targets as well, given their typical abundances and distances. In addition, the clumpy distribution of subhalos residing in larger halos may boost the dark matter signals considerably. In an era in which gamma-ray experiments possess, for the first time, the exciting potential to put to test the preferred dark matter particle theories, a profound knowledge of dark matter astrophysical targets and scenarios is mandatory should we aim for accurate predictions of dark matter-induced fluxes for investing significant telescope observing time on selected targets and for deriving robust conclusions from our dark matter search efforts. In this regard, a precise characterization of the statistical and structural properties of subhalos becomes critical. In this Special Issue, we aim to summarize where we stand today on our knowledge of the different aspects of the dark matter halo substructure; to identify what are the remaining big questions, and how we could address these; and, by doing so, to find new avenues for research.
    Keywords: QB1-991 ; Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; gamma rays ; indirect searches. ; semi-analytic modeling ; cosmological model ; indirect dark matter searches ; particle dark matter ; indirect detection ; gamma-rays and neutrinos ; galactic subhalos ; indirect searches ; statistical data analysis ; subhalo boost ; dark matter halos ; halo substructure ; structure formation ; dark matter annihilation ; dark matter searches ; dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies ; galactic sub-halos ; subhalos ; dwarf spheroidal galaxies ; gamma-rays ; cosmological N-body simulations ; dark matter ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Emergent quantum mechanics explores the possibility of an ontology for quantum mechanics. The resurgence of interest in ""deeper-level"" theories for quantum phenomena challenges the standard, textbook interpretation. The book presents expert views that critically evaluate the significance—for 21st century physics—of ontological quantum mechanics, an approach that David Bohm helped pioneer. The possibility of a deterministic quantum theory was first introduced with the original de Broglie-Bohm theory, which has also been developed as Bohmian mechanics. The wide range of perspectives that were contributed to this book on the occasion of David Bohm’s centennial celebration provide ample evidence for the physical consistency of ontological quantum mechanics. The book addresses deeper-level questions such as the following: Is reality intrinsically random or fundamentally interconnected? Is the universe local or nonlocal? Might a radically new conception of reality include a form of quantum causality or quantum ontology? What is the role of the experimenter agent? As the book demonstrates, the advancement of ‘quantum ontology’—as a scientific concept—marks a clear break with classical reality. The search for quantum reality entails unconventional causal structures and non-classical ontology, which can be fully consistent with the known record of quantum observations in the laboratory.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; non-locality ; ultraviolet divergence ; constraints ; Kilmister equation ; bohmian mechanics ; epistemic agent ; Bohmian mechanics ; relational space ; Feynman paths ; Langevin equation ; quantum causality ; emergent quantum gravity ; quantum ontology ; interpretations ; emergent quantum state ; undecidable dynamics ; molecule interference ; emergent quantum mechanics ; no-hidden-variables theorems ; mind–body problem ; physical ontology ; quantum foundations ; matter-wave optics ; conscious agent ; diffusion constant ; Bell theorem ; Burgers equation ; objective non-signaling constraint ; self-referential dynamics ; Bell inequality ; interpretation ; photochemistry ; Born rule statistics ; sub-quantum dynamics ; dynamical chaos ; weak measurement ; p-adic metric ; Levi-Civita connection ; David Bohm ; H-theorem ; the causal arrow of time ; strong coupling ; vortical dynamics ; fundamental irreversibility ; magnetic deflectometry ; quantum thermodynamics ; de Broglie–Bohm interpretation of quantum mechanics ; wavefunction nodes ; stochastic quantum dynamics ; entropic gravity ; metrology ; Schrödinger equation ; gauge freedom ; Monte Carlo simulations ; micro-constituents ; nonequilibrium thermodynamics ; Bell’s theorem ; emergent space-time ; spin ; quantum field theory ; time-symmetry ; Gaussian-like solutions ; Hamiltonian ; number theory ; fractional velocity ; ergodicity ; fractal geometry ; atomic metastable states ; operator thermodynamic functions ; Canonical Presentation ; Retrocausation ; interpretations of quantum mechanics ; Bohm theory ; quantum mechanics ; zero-point field ; conspiracy ; pilot wave ; quantum holism ; toy-models ; curvature tensor ; Aharonov–Bohm effect ; computational irreducibility ; Stochastic Electrodynamics ; diffraction ; retrocausality ; resonances in quantum systems ; stochastic differential equations ; Bianchi identity ; past of the photon ; commutator ; relational interpretation of quantum mechanics ; free will ; nomology ; trajectories ; primitive ontology ; Mach–Zehnder interferometer ; weak values ; singular limit ; interior-boundary condition ; Poincaré recurrence ; quantum inaccessibility ; symplectic camel ; surrealistic trajectories ; observables ; Stern-Gerlach ; decoherence ; quantum non-equilibrium ; generalized Lagrangian paths ; superdeterminism ; black hole thermodynamics ; nonlocality ; measurement problem ; entropy and time evolution ; bouncing oil droplets ; spontaneous state reduction ; quantum theory ; many interacting worlds ; complex entropy. ; Turing incomputability ; iterant ; space-time fluctuations ; quantum potential ; ontological quantum mechanics ; photon trajectory ; Dove prism ; the Friedrichs model ; contextuality ; discrete calculus ; transition probability amplitude ; gravity ; pilot-wave theory ; matter-waves ; de Broglie-Bohm theory ; covariant quantum gravity ; atom-surface scattering ; de Broglie–Bohm theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 30
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The book continues with an experimental analysis conducted to obtain accurate and complete information about electric vehicles in different traffic situations and road conditions. For the experimental analysis in this study, three different electric vehicles from the Edinburgh College leasing program were equipped and tracked to obtain over 50 GPS and energy consumption data for short distance journeys in the Edinburgh area and long-range tests between Edinburgh and Bristol. In the following section, an adaptive and robust square root cubature Kalman filter based on variational Bayesian approximation and Huber’s M-estimation is proposed to accurately estimate state of charge (SOC), which is vital for safe operation and efficient management of lithium-ion batteries. A coupled-inductor DC-DC converter with a high voltage gain is proposed in the following section to match the voltage of a fuel cell stack to a DC link bus. Finally, the book presents a review of the different approaches that have been proposed by various authors to mitigate the impact of electric buses and electric taxis on the future smart grid.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; adaptive ; electric vehicle ; state of charge (SOC) ; high voltage gain ; lithium-ion battery ; climate change ; ssustainable transport ; driving cycle ; smart grid ; robust ; battery powered vehicle ; Huber’s M-estimation ; electric taxi ; public transportation ; sustainable development ; DC-DC converter ; square root cubature Kalman filter (SRCKF) ; coupled inductor ; fuel cell vehicles ; charging approaches ; ripple minimization current ; variational Bayesian approximation ; electric propulsion ; electric bus ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 31
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a powerful formulation technology to improve oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs. Despite their being in existence for more than half a century, controlling ASD performance is still regarded as difficult because of ASD’s natural non-equilibrium. However, recent significant advances in ASD knowledge and technology may enable a much broader use of ASD technology. This Special Issue, which includes 3 reviews and 6 original articles, focuses on recent progresses in ASD technology in hopes of helping to accelerate developmental studies in the pharmaceutical industry. In striving for a deep understanding of ASD non-equilibrium behavior, the Special issue also delves into and makes progress in the theory of soft-matter dynamics.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; thermodynamic modeling ; molecular dynamics simulation ; poorly soluble drugs ; amorphous solid dispersions ; dissolution enhancement ; crystallization tendency ; continuous processing ; stability ; milling ; granulation ; thermal analysis ; amorphous ; ball milling ; pharmaceutical glass ; dissolution ; rebamipide ; poloxamer ; classification ; polyelectrolytes ; amorphisation ; self-assembly ; dissolution rate ; miscibility ; bioavailability ; solubility ; evaporation ; mesoporous ; polyelectrolyte excipient matrix ; polymer ; bicaludamide ; phase diagram ; Weibull dissolution model ; spectroscopic techniques ; anticancer drugs ; manufacturing methods ; nucleation ; molecular complex ; nanoaggregates ; enrofloxacin ; accelerated stability test ; solubility enhancement ; amorphous solid dispersion ; tadalafil ; process development ; amorphous polymeric salt ; Wood’s apparatus ; hot melt extrusion ; solid dispersions ; intrinsic dissolution rate ; solid dispersion ; interaction ; crystallization ; spray drying ; characterization ; ciprofloxacin ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 32
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Rivers have been intensively degraded due to increasing anthropogenic impacts from a growing population in a continuously developing world. Accordingly, most rivers suffer from pressures as a result of increasing dam and weir construction, habitat degradation, flow regulation, water pollution/abstraction, and the spread of invasive species. Science-based knowledge regarding solutions to counteract the effects of river degradation, and melding principles of aquatic ecology and engineering hydraulics, is thus urgently needed to guide present and future river restoration actions. This Special Issue gathers a coherent set of studies from different geographic contexts, on fundamental and applied research regarding the integration of ecohydraulics in river restoration, ranging from field studies to laboratory experiments that can be applied to real-world challenges. It contains 13 original papers covering ecohydraulic issues such as river restoration technologies, sustainable hydropower, fish passage designs and operational criteria, and habitat modeling. All papers were reviewed by international experts in ecology, hydraulics, aquatic biology, engineering, geomorphology, and hydrology. The papers herein well represent the wide applicability of ecohydraulics in river restoration and serve as a basis to improve current knowledge and management and to reduce arguments between different interests and opinions.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; Fish passage and migration ; Prioritization of river connectivity for sustainable fisheries ; Sustainable hydropower ; Spawning grounds ; Invasive species management ; Environmental flows ; Habitat modeling ; Dam/weir retrofitting and removal ; Riparian and aquatic vegetation dynamics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Some of the most beautiful studies in Mathematics are related to Symmetry and Geometry. For this reason, we select here some contributions about such aspects and Discrete Geometry. As we know, Symmetry in a system means invariance of its elements under conditions of transformations. When we consider network structures, symmetry means invariance of adjacency of nodes under the permutations of node set. The graph isomorphism is an equivalence relation on the set of graphs. Therefore, it partitions the class of all graphs into equivalence classes. The underlying idea of isomorphism is that some objects have the same structure if we omit the individual character of their components. A set of graphs isomorphic to each other is denominated as an isomorphism class of graphs. The automorphism of a graph will be an isomorphism from G onto itself. The family of all automorphisms of a graph G is a permutation group.
    Keywords: QA1-939 ; Q1-390 ; split-quaternion ; edge even graceful labeling ; graph automorphisms ; ring ; multi-state system ; Electric multiple unit trains ; join product ; nonlinear ; parameter selection ; Fuzzy sets ; cylinder grid graph ; high-level maintenance planning ; split-octonion ; granularity importance degree ; geometric arithmetic index ; ?-convex set ; partition comparison ; optimization ; automorphism group ; quantum B-algebra ; quotient algebra ; fuzzy normed ring ; graph partitioning ; fuzzy normed ideal ; algorithm ; 600-cell ; transmission regular graph ; emergency routes ; cyclic associative groupoid (CA-groupoid) ; disjoint holes ; quasi-maximal element ; logical conjunction operation ; time window ; three-way decisions ; 2-tuple ; atom-bond connectivity index ; attribute reduction ; orbit matrix ; line graph ; Chebyshev polynomials ; multi-granulation rough intuitionistic fuzzy sets ; group decision making ; cyclic permutation ; normed space ; complexity ; binary polyhedral group ; fuzzy implication ; intuitionistic fuzzy sets ; (generalized) distance matrix ; dodecahedron ; cacti ; isoperimetric number ; quality function deployment ; embedding ; matroid ; chaotic system ; KG-union ; involution AG-group ; triangular norm ; graph clustering ; distance matrix (spectrum) ; filter ; pessimistic (optimistic) multigranulation neutrosophic approximation operators ; maximum ; planar point set ; pseudo-BCI algebra ; neutrosophic rough set ; Abel–Grassmann’s group (AG-group) ; decomposition theorem ; synchronized ; random graph ; strongly regular graph ; regularization ; linear discrete ; operator ; genetic algorithm ; commutative group ; distance signlees Laplacian matrix (spectrum) ; construction methods ; unicyclic ; selective maintenance ; rough set ; edge detection ; co-permanental ; gear graph ; graceful labeling ; rough intuitionistic fuzzy sets ; variant CA-groupoids ; quasi-alternating BCK-algebra ; bicyclic ; hypernear-ring ; multi-granulation ; graph ; crossing number ; pyramid graphs ; q-filter ; icosahedron ; generalized bridge molecular graph ; coefficient ; 0–1 programming model ; polar grid graph ; finite automorphism groups ; engineering characteristics ; edge graceful labeling ; social network ; invariant measures ; convex polygon ; dominance relation ; good drawing ; spectral radius ; logical disjunction operation ; Abel–Grassmann’s groupoid (AG-groupoid) ; metro station ; multitransformation ; particle swarm algorithm ; aggregation operator ; cancellative ; neutrosophic set ; fuzzy logic ; human reliability ; performance evaluation ; complete lattice ; quadratic polynomial ; Detour–Harary index ; Laplacian operation ; fixed point ; graded rough sets ; generalized permanental polynomial ; basic implication algebra ; intersection graph ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book describes current knowledge about the mechanisms by which cells segregate their already duplicated chromosomes in preparation for cell division. Experts in the field treat several important aspects of this subject: (1) the history of research on mitotic mechanisms, to serve as a background; (2) assembly of the mitotic spindle; (3) Kinetochore assembly and function; (4) the mechanisms of chromosome congression to the metaphase plate; (5) the spindle assembly checkpoint; (6) mechanisms to avoid and correct erroneous chromosome attachments to the spindle; (7) a molecular perspective on spindle assembly in land plants; (8) chromosome segregation in anaphase A; (9) spindle elongation in anaphase B; and (10) the consequences of errors in chromosome segregation. Each chapter provides the reader with a comprehensive and accurate picture of current research in a form that is both readable and authoritative. The volume is suitable for scholars in this and related fields and for teaching at an advanced level.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; genome stability ; Trisomies ; microtubule dynamics ; Checkpoints ; Inheritance ; Cell division ; centrosome ; Down Syndrome ; Cell motility ; Cell regulation ; chromosome segregation ; Microtubules ; Cell cycle ; kinetochore ; Cytoskeleton ; Cell reproduction ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 35
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Accurate solar radiation knowledge and its characterization on the Earth’s surface are of high interest in many aspects of environmental and engineering sciences. Modeling of solar irradiance from satellite imagery has become the most widely used method for retrieving solar irradiance information under total sky conditions, particularly in the solar energy community. Solar radiation modeling, forecasting, and characterization continue to be broad areas of study, research, and development in the scientific community. This Special Issue contains a small sample of the current activities in this field. Both the environmental and climatology community, as the solar energy world, share a great interest in improving modeling tools and capabilities for obtaining more reliable and accurate knowledge of solar irradiance components worldwide. The work presented in this Special Issue also remarks on the significant role that remote sensing technologies play in retrieving and forecasting solar radiation information.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; PAR ; motion vector field ; radiative transfer ; global horizontal irradiance ; evapotranspiration ; HRV ; Kato bands ; understory light condition ; California Delta ; validation ; aerosol impact ; remote sensing ; solar radiation ; nowcasting ; India ; cloud categories ; Clouds and the Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES) ; brightness temperature ; Himawari-8/Advanced Meteorological Imager (Himawari-8/AHI) ; water vapor ; clear sky index ; water resource management ; broadband albedo at the top of the atmosphere (TOA albedo) ; data fusion ; solar energy ; shortwave radiation ; AMESIS ; satellite-derived dataset ; insolation ; solar variability ; subcanopy light regime ; clustering analysis ; solar energy systems ; forest canopy ; radiance ; MSG ; GOES satellites ; radiation model ; solar radiation trends ; clear sky ; downward shortwave radiation ; reflected shortwave radiation at the top of the atmosphere (RSR) ; SEVIRI ; photosynthetically active radiation ; surface solar radiation ; solar irradiance ; earth observation ; high turbidity ; Geostationary Korea Multi-Purse Satellite/Advanced Meteorological Imager (GK-2A/AMI) ; Solis scheme ; solar radiation forecasting ; surface energy balance ; light attenuation ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Dear Colleagues, When Hayflick and Moorhead coined the term “cellular senescence” (CS) almost 60 years ago, this phenomenon was understood as a mechanism, usually induced by activation of the DNA-repair machinery, to prevent uncontrolled proliferation. Meanwhile, additional beneficial roles for CS have been identified, such as embryonic development and wound healing. The senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) activated in most senescent cells (SC) signals to the immune system “come here and remove me”. In organisms with young and functional immune systems, occurring SC are usually detected and removed. If SC remain in the tissue expressing the SASP, this will cause not just a damaging local inflammation but can also induce remodeling and regeneration of the surrounding tissue as well as spreading of senescence. Old organisms show reduced regenerative potential and immune function which leads to accumulation of SC. Accordingly, accumulation of SC was observed in tissues of aged individuals, but importantly also in the context of age-related disorders, neurodegenerative, or cardiovascular diseases and others. Because of its detrimental effect of the surrounding tissue, accumulation of SC is not just a consequence, but can rather been understood as a major driver of aging. In line with this, recent studies described that removal of SC showed beneficial effects on healthspan and lifespan. This exciting research led to the discovery of “senolytics”, drugs which can kill SC. Given the heterogeneity of cell types that show senescence-like phenotypes, including heart muscle and post-mitotic neuronal cells, further research is required to unravel the molecular background that renders a cell type vulnerable to senesce. Additionally, it will be important to understand how senescence is cell type-specifically induced and which molecules serve as drug targets to prevent senescence and its spreading, or actively kill SC. This special issue will shed light on the molecular pathways of CS and inflammaging and on possible strategies to interfere with these processes. Dr. Markus Riessland Guest Editor
    Keywords: γH2AX ; Alzheimer’s disease ; DNA damage ; mild cognitive impairment ; senescence ; secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine ; regeneration ; homeostasis ; cellular senescence ; biology of aging ; neurodegeneration ; brain ; geroscience ; senolytics ; tauopathy ; cancer ; stress response ; post-mitotic ; neuronal senescence ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) ; cell-cycle ; melanoma ; pancreatic adenocarcinoma ; tumor infiltration ; chemotherapy resistance ; prostate ; inflammation ; AIM2 inflammasome ; POP3 ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This Special Issue gathers papers reporting research on various aspects of remote sensing of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) and the use of satellite SSS in oceanography. It includes contributions presenting improvements in empirical or theoretical radiative transfer models; mitigation techniques of external interference such as RFI and land contamination; comparisons and validation of remote sensing products with in situ observations; retrieval techniques for improved coastal SSS monitoring, high latitude SSS and the assessment of ocean interactions with the cryosphere; and data fusion techniques combining SSS with sea surface temperature (SST). New instrument technology for the future of SSS remote sensing is also presented.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; n/a ; satellite salinity ; one-dimensional (1D) aperture synthesis radiometer ; smos ; Gulf of Maine ; retrieval errors ; Aquarius ; combined active/passive SSS retrieval algorithm ; ocean surface roughness ; upwelling ; salt transport ; quality assessment ; sea ice ; SMOS ; microwave radiometry ; Arctic Gateways ; Aquarius satellite ; validation ; sea surface temperature ; water transport ; forward model ; river discharge ; sea surface salinity ; remote sensing ; retrieval algorithm ; Water Cycle Observation Mission (WCOM) ; SMAP ; microwave remote sensing ; alboran sea ; surface velocity ; Arctic Ocean ; sea surface salinity (SSS) ; coastal ; brightness temperature (TB) ; interferometric microwave imager (IMI) ; Scotian Shelf ; MICAP ; different instrument configurations ; bias characteristics ; mediterranean sea ; Gulf of Mexico ; calibration ; retroflections ; Arctic ocean ; salinity ; Sea Surface Salinity ; Arctic rivers ; Argo ; data processing ; aquarius ; ocean salinity ; Aquarius Validation Data System (AVDS) ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: A plethora of problems from diverse disciplines such as Mathematics, Mathematical: Biology, Chemistry, Economics, Physics, Scientific Computing and also Engineering can be formulated as an equation defined in abstract spaces using Mathematical Modelling. The solutions of these equations can be found in closed form only in special case. That is why researchers and practitioners utilize iterative procedures from which a sequence is being generated approximating the solution under some conditions on the initial data. This type of research is considered most interesting and challenging. This is our motivation for the introduction of this special issue on Iterative Procedures.
    Keywords: QA1-939 ; Q1-390 ; Lipschitz condition ; order of convergence ; Scalar equations ; local and semilocal convergence ; multiple roots ; Nondifferentiable operator ; optimal iterative methods ; Order of convergence ; convergence order ; fast algorithms ; iterative method ; computational convergence order ; generalized mixed equilibrium problem ; nonlinear equations ; systems of nonlinear equations ; Chebyshev’s iterative method ; local convergence ; iterative methods ; divided difference ; Multiple roots ; semi-local convergence ; scalar equations ; left Bregman asymptotically nonexpansive mapping ; basin of attraction ; maximal monotone operator ; Newton–HSS method ; general means ; Steffensen’s method ; derivative-free method ; simple roots ; fixed point problem ; split variational inclusion problem ; weighted-Newton method ; ball radius of convergence ; Traub–Steffensen method ; Newton’s method ; fractional derivative ; Banach space ; multiple-root solvers ; uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space ; Fréchet-derivative ; optimal convergence ; Optimal iterative methods ; basins of attraction ; nonlinear equation
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Rapid establishment of seedlings in forest regeneration or afforestation sites after planting is a prerequisite for a successful reforestation. Seedling survival after outplanting can be improved by using high-quality seedling material. Seedling quality consists of several features, such as genetic source, morphological properties, nutritional status, stress resistance, and vitality of the seedlings. Field performance of the seedlings is a complex process which can be affected by many nursery and silvicultural practices. Nursery cultural practices strongly affect seedling quality, which is generally at its highest level during the growth period at the nursery. Afterwards, when the seedlings are transported from the nursery to the planting site (including seedling storage, handling, shipping, and planting practices), the quality of seedlings can only remain the same or decline. To ensure successful regeneration, it is important to produce seedlings that retain their high quality until planting, and to establish them quickly in the forest regeneration site.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; container parameters ; forest regeneration material ; physiological attributes ; somatic embryogenesis ; Quercus rubra ; antioxidant enzymes ; nursery production ; shortleaf pine ; historical perspective ; maturation ; Appalachia ; bulk density ; Quercus robur L. ; rabbit ; western larch ; Picea abies L. Karst. ; sessile oak ; climate change ; physiological quality ; nursery culture ; Fennoscandia ; pedunculate oak ; elk ; seeds ; survival ; small mammal ; loblolly pine ; Norway spruce ; white oak ; growing media ; germination ; morphological attributes ; embling production ; mechanization ; browse ; contractor ; field performance ; reforestation ; white-tailed deer ; forest biotechnology ; cultural practice ; hybridization ; nutrients ; silviculture ; black locust ; scarification index ; seedling quality ; tree planting machine ; seed size ; herbicide ; artificial regeneration ; restoration ecology ; porosity ; northern red oak ; cryopreservation ; leaf senescence ; tree seedling ; Douglas fir ; Quercus ; growth ; mine reclamation ; forestry ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Ranaviruses and other viruses within the family Iridoviridae, infect a wide range of ecologically and commercially important ectothermic vertebrates, i.e., bony fish, amphibians, and reptiles, and invertebrates, including agricultural and medical pests and cultured shrimp and crayfish, and are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. Understanding the impact of these various agents on diverse host species requires the combined efforts of ecologists, veterinarians, pathologists, comparative immunologists and molecular virologists. Unfortunately, investigators involved in these studies often work in discipline-specific silos that preclude interaction with others whose insights and approaches are required to comprehensively address problems related to ranavirus/iridovirus disease. Our intent here is to breakdown these silos and provide a forum where diverse researchers with a common interest in ranavirus/iridovirus biology can profitably interact. As a colleague once quipped, “Three people make a genius.” We are hoping to do something along those lines by presenting a collection of research articles dealing with issues of anti-viral immunity, identification of a potentially novel viral genus exemplified by erythrocytic necrosis virus, viral inhibition of innate immunity, identification of novel hosts for lymphocystivirus and invertebrate iridoviruses, and modelling studies of ranavirus transmission. Collectively these and others will exemplify the breadth of ongoing studies focused on this virus family.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; risk assessment ; n/a ; CQIV ; mathematical models ; amphibian ; iridovirus ; ISDL ; Exopalaemon carinicauda ; viral load ; virus isolation ; European chub ; outbreak ; Unconventional T cell ; early detection ; susceptible species ; viral immune evasion ; DNA virus ; Rana grylio virus ; antibody ; intracellular localization ; Rana grylio virus (RGV) ; British Columbia ; Iridoviridae ; Andrias davidianus ranavirus ; viral infection ; susceptible-infected (SI) models ; yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) ; prevalence ; host-pathogen interactions ; Pacific herring ; Procambarus clarkii ; Bayesian inference ; eDNA ; amphibians ; Artemia spp. ; ranavirosis ; cross-species transmission ; FV3 ; SHIV ; Gryllus bimaculatus ; Pacific salmon ; NF-?B ; cricket ; IIV-6 ; virus binding ; erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV) ; envelope protein ; iridovirus core proteins ; emerging infection ; host ; Ranavirus ; white head ; Rana temporaria ; Imd ; biosecurity ; antiviral immunity ; Decapodiridovirus ; endemic disease ; Macrobrachium rosenbergii ; co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) ; Common frog ; aquatic animals ; virus surveillance ; immunomodulators ; frog virus 3 ; ELISA ; DIV1 ; megalocytivirus ; Lymphocystis disease virus ; bearded dragon ; susceptibility ; protein interaction ; Pogona vitticeps ; viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) ; histopathology ; epidemiology ; native-fish conservation ; viral transmission ; Sparus aurata ; immunohistochemistry ; lizard ; disease dynamics ; immunofluorescence ; transmission modelling ; Macrobrachium nipponense ; interferon ; nonclassical MHC ; heparan sulfate ; ranavirus ; Mexico ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In the past 20 years, karst desertification control has produced remarkable results, and the South China karst has been a global hotspot for greening. However, in the new stage of karst desertification control, the functional lag of forest ecosystems and the insufficient supply capacity of ecosystem services are gradually becoming prominent. We not only lack systematic research on vulnerability and resilience, structure and stability, ecological assets and services, carrying capacity and ecological security, and service trade-offs/synergies and optimization in controlled ecosystems. There is still a lack of research on the ecological processes of newly constructed forests in improving ecosystem functions and services. Therefore, this reprint mainly focuses on the research improvement of forest ecosystem functions in karst desertification control. This includes the improvement mechanism of ecosystem structure, function, and services, the mechanism of ecosystem service tradeoff/synergy, and function optimization. An optimization model of ecosystem function and an improvement path for eco-product supply are introduced. The role of functional traits in the maintenance of ecological function and services is also established, and social–ecological responses to afforestation in karst desertification control are discussed.
    Keywords: structural trait ; element trait ; physiological trait ; leaf ; root ; karst ; ecosystem service supply ; value accounting ; eco-industry ; karst desertification environment ; farmland hydrological cycle ; agroforestry ; agronomic measures to water saving ; planting combinations ; investment strategy ; plant adaptability ; soil ; response ; biodiversity ; ecosystem services ; forests ; karst desertification ; plant functional traits ; structure ; landscape security pattern ; sensitivity ; landscape connectivity ; Guanling County ; Guizhou ; ecological products ; value realization ; ecological industry ; resilient landscape ; rural planning ; resilience assessment ; karst rocky desertification control areas ; karst forest ; vegetation water use strategy ; hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes ; hydrologic niche separation ; principal component analysis ; redundancy analysis ; karst rocky desertification area ; species diversity ; evaluation indicator systems ; fuzzy integrated evaluation ; karst spring ; dissolved organic carbon/nitrogen ; rocky desertification ; terrestrial ecosystem ; soil aggregate stability ; soil nutrients ; vegetation restoration ; karst rocky desertification ; forest ; karst desertification control ; loquat ; intercropping peanut ; N2O emission ; Abies fanjingshanensis ; microbial carbon use efficiency ; physicochemical indices ; bacteria ; fungus ; structural optimization ; water and fertilizer regulation ; functional improvement ; forests ecosystem ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: It is currently apparent that extracellular ATP's physiological effect is mediated by its interaction with specific purinergic receptors. All purinergic receptors are divided into P1-purinoreceptors and P2-purinoreceptors. Each of the subtypes is divided into a number of families. For instance, P2 receptors are divided into P2X and P2Y receptors according to the mechanism by which their effect is realized: P2Y are G-protein-coupled receptors, while P2X receptors are ligand-operated ion channels. P2X receptors are important molecular therapeutic targets, the malfunctioning of which leads to severe complications in the physiology of humans and animals and causes dangerous diseases. The search for compounds that can modulate the function of purinergic receptors can lead to the creation of new drugs that are effective in central and peripheral nervous system and immune system disease treatment, including neuroinflammation, hypoxia/ischemia, epilepsy and neuropathic pain. In this Special Issue, we wish to offer a platform for high-quality publications on the latest advances in the identification of P2X/Y- and P1-receptor blockers, functions and regulation by them; the characterization of these receptor signaling networks and crosstalk; mechanisms underlying the role of purinoceptors in neurodegenerative illnesses as well as chronic neuronal changes following acute noxious damage and therapeutic opportunities associated with regulation of purinergic receptor activity.
    Keywords: adenosine receptors ; adipogenesis ; osteogenesis ; adipose tissue ; bone marrow ; obesity ; neonatal seizures ; development ; ATP ; purinergic signalling ; P2X7 receptor ; endometriosis ; adenosine ; P2Y ; P2X ; ectonucleotidases ; pain ; inflammation ; endometrium ; CD73 ; CD39 ; P2Y2 receptor ; P2X4 receptor ; canine ; dog ; DH82 ; macrophage ; neuroinflammation ; antinociception ; cerebral ischemia ; oxygen-glucose deprivation ; A2B receptors ; oligodendrocyte differentiation ; demyelination ; retina ; purinergic modulation ; glycinergic neurotransmission ; microglia ; neurodegeneration ; glycine transporters ; guanosine ; stroke ; neuroprotection ; purinergic signaling ; purinergic receptors ; autoimmune disease ; astroglia ; G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) ; neurite outgrowth ; montelukast ; NG2 ; ex vivo organotypic brain slice co-culture ; neurodegeneration and neuroregeneration ; n/a ; macrophages ; P2X7R ; pore formation ; inflammasome activation ; inflammatory diseases ; gallic acid ; visceral pain ; depression ; hippocampus ; spinal cord ; dorsal root ganglion ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: One last comment concerns the fundamental contributions of Fourier analysis to quantum physics: Quantum mechanics and quantum field theory.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; self-electrorefining ; hedyphane group ; structural combinatorics ; CuFe2O4 ; Kamchatka ; Raman ; El Dragón ; apatite supergroup ; borate ; ariegilatite ; oyonite ; Tuscany ; gahnite ; magnesioferrite ; Szklary pegmatite ; aurihydrargyrumite ; Au6Hg5 phase ; Trentino ; Peru ; Germany ; cerromojonite ; sulfosalt ; pyrometamorphism ; Bellerberg volcano ; manganese ; gold ; spinel supergroup ; selenium ; CuAl2O4 ; clinokurchatovite ; sharyginite ; Poland ; copper ; kurchatovite ; copper oxide ; antimony ; nabimusaite group ; laachite ; lead ; thermaerogenite ; intercalated hexagonal antiperovskite ; placer ; Lower Silesia ; Eldfell ; Tolbachik volcano ; structural complexity ; nöggerathite-(Ce) ; Val di Fiemme ; Oyon district ; sanidinite ; cuprospinel ; sulfate ; fumarole sublimate ; Cretaio ; polymorphism ; polytypism ; tiberiobardiite ; fiemmeite ; stacking faults ; CO3-group ; Hatrurim Complex ; least-action principle ; phosphorus ; Laacher See ; new oxalate mineral ; Japan ; verneite ; alkaline volcanic rock ; arsenic ; Raman spectroscopy ; single-crystal investigation ; Rusinovite ; Eifel ; Lima department ; Italy ; barioferrite ; configurational entropy ; Hekla ; mercury ; Bolivia ; parafiniukite ; aluminofluoride ; new mineral ; Shadil-Khokh volcano ; Vesuvius ; bournonite group ; Ehime ; calcium ; lillianite homologous series ; chalcophyllite group ; sou?ekite ; silicate ; pyrometamorphic rocks ; crystal structure ; zirconolite ; bismuth ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Afforestation/reforestation (or forestation) has been implemented worldwide as an effective measure towards sustainable ecosystem services and addresses global environmental problems such as climate change. The conversion of grasslands, croplands, shrublands, or bare lands to forests can dramatically alter forest water, energy, and carbon cycles and, thus, ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration, soil erosion control, and water quality improvement). Large-scale afforestation/reforestation is typically driven by policies and, in turn, can also have substantial socioeconomic impacts. To enable success, forestation endeavors require novel approaches that involve a series of complex processes and interdisciplinary sciences. For example, exotic or fast-growing tree species are often used to improve soil conditions of degraded lands or maximize productivity, and it often takes a long time to understand and quantify the consequences of such practices at watershed or regional scales. Maintaining the sustainability of man-made forests is becoming increasingly challenging under a changing environment and disturbance regime changes such as wildland fires, urbanization, drought, air pollution, climate change, and socioeconomic change. Therefore, this Special Issue focuses on case studies of the drivers, dynamics, and impacts of afforestation/reforestation at regional, national, or global scales. These new studies provide an update on the scientific advances related to forestation. This information is urgently needed by land managers and policy makers to better manage forest resources in today’s rapidly changing environments.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; SD1-669.5 ; simulation modeling ; shear strength ; stand structure ; vegetation restoration ; surface runoff ; soil and water conservation function ; soil enzymes ; riverbank ; evapotranspiration ; human activity ; afforestation ; Artemisia ordosica ; forest cover ; precipitation variation ; soil bioengineering ; base flow ; Poyang Lake Basin ; in situ calibration ; quantification ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; photoprotection ; remote sensing ; root distribution ; ecosystem model ; CASA ; afforestation ecosystem ; phenophase ; vegetation cover change ; soil characteristics ; Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. mixed plantations ; composted pine bark ; water-energy balance ; sediment load ; soil respiration ; energy partitioning ; soil microbial biomass ; transpiration ; net primary productivity ; spatio-temporal scales ; seedling quality ; peat moss ; fresh pine sawdust ; understory plants ; ring-porous trees ; different climatic conditions ; dye tests ; structural equation model ; Loess Plateau ; evapotranspiration (ET) ; Pinus engelmannii Carr. ; empirical statistics ; heat dissipation probes ; MODIS ; slope change ratio of cumulative quantities (SCRCQ) ; soil water balance ; LAI ; climate fluctuation ; BTOPMC model ; living brush mattress ; vegetation greening ; streamflow ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 45
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: In the last decades, inedible lignocellulosic biomasses have attracted significant attention for being abundant resources that are not in competition with agricultural land or food production and, therefore, can be used as starting renewable material for the production of a wide variety of platform chemicals. The three main components of lignocellulosic biomasses are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, complex biopolymers that can be converted into a pool of platform molecules including sugars, polyols, alchols, ketons, ethers, acids and aromatics. Various technologies have been explored for their one-pot conversion into chemicals, fuels and materials. However, in order to develop new catalytic processes for the selective production of desired products, a complete understanding of the molecular aspects of the basic chemistry and reactivity of biomass derived molecules is still crucial. This Special Issue reports on recent progress and advances in the catalytic valorization of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin model molecules promoted by novel heterogeneous systems for the production of energy, fuels and chemicals.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; n/a ; hemicellulose ; catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis reactions ; furfural ; ZSM-5 ; syngas ; renewable aromatics ; Diels–Alder ; lignin ; hydroisomerization ; levulinic acid ; bio-oil upgrade ; metal ferrites ; aromatic ethers ; hierarchical zeolites ; Chilean natural zeolites ; bioethanol ; renewable p-xylene ; desilication ; dimethylfuran ; GC/MS characterization ; biomass ; H-donor molecules ; heterogeneous catalysis ; polyols ; Brønsted acids sites ; spinels ; solketal ; glycerol ; chemical-loop reforming ; zeolite ; cellulose ; insulating oils ; hydrogenolysis ; lignocellulosic biomasses ; bio-insulating oil ; glycidol ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Witnessing the rise of nationalism, nativism, and xenophobia in many countries, theories of transculturalism arose, in part, out of the concern that multi- and intercultural identity models have not set themselves sufficiently apart from their own culturalist baggage, thus leaving their doors open to strong nationalistic and ethnocentric orientations. But how can we—how can literature—imagine transcultural communities? This volume attempts to examine whether transculturalism—with its questioning of the dominance of group identity and its return to the individual as a privileged site for cultural multiplicity—can offer guideposts for conceptualizing ‘individual’ diversity without underplaying the role of class, religion, and community. Several contributions to the volume view some of the ‘cosmopolitan’ genealogies of transculturalism cautiously, such as elitist individualism and utopianism, teleologically structured conceptualizations of humanism, and an indiscriminating belief in the ascendency of human universals. Nevertheless, highlighting particular understandings of transculturalism in interpretations of significant literary texts from the Middle Ages to the 21st century amounts, once again and by no small measure, to a political decision—one that historically has often been prompted by a search for commonalities as a basis for the design of universal human rights, international law, transnational structures, and global education.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; Transculturalism ; Commonality ; Transnationalism ; Cultural Memory ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 47
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The book entitled Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research describes various aspects of ethnopharmacological uses of medicinal plants; extraction, isolation, and identification of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants; various aspects of biological activity such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, immunomodulatory activity, etc., as well as characterization of plant secondary metabolites as active substances from medicinal plants.
    Keywords: SB1-1110 ; QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; adaptation ; phytochemicals ; antioxidant activity ; Ophiopogon ; secondary metabolites ; Moringa oleifera ; drug discovery ; high-resolution melt curve (HRM) analysis ; catechin ; validation ; sickle cell anemia ; Terminalia macroptera ; Eastern Himalayas ; antioxidant ; P. niruri ; traditional medicine ; DNA barcoding ; allergy ; ?-glucosidase ; ethnobotany ; bioprospecting ; GC-MS ; TQ-ESI-MS ; processing ; mountain plants ; ethnobotanic ; antimicrobial ; activity ; Amazonian ; rbcL ; inflammation ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Nirgundi ; cluster analysis ; plant-food ; ethnopharmacology ; HPLC ; Ficus hirta ; Immulina® ; mechanism of action ; stingless bees ; Brunfelsia ; health ; sesquiterpenoids ; antimicrobial activity ; Moraceae ; Liriope ; NMR ; plant metabolite ; UPLC ; oxidative stress ; antibacterial ; scavenger ; mast cells ; Malian medicinal plants ; essential oil ; Arbutus unedo L. ; Ecuador ; DPPH ; ayahuasca ; Asphodelus ; aerial parts ; antifungal ; saline habitats ; chaste tree ; nutraceuticals ; P. alliaceae ; immunLoges® ; bioproduct ; S. reticulata ; Biophytum umbraculum ; flavonoids ; scopoletin ; carboline alkaloids ; Chrysanthemum coronarium L. ; traditional knowledge ; antioxidants ; anthracene derivatives ; Tetragonula ; caffeoylquinic acids ; BHT ; Eucalyptus ; natural products ; Lannea velutina ; antibiotic resistance ; mass spectrometry ; free radical ; medicinal plants ; cytotoxicity ; skin diseases ; harvest ; proanthocyanidins ; different solvents ; ethnomedicine ; Burkea africana ; basil varieties
    Language: English
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  • 48
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue, entitled “Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods: Bridging Health and Food Under a New Perspective”, aims to approach the current state-of-the-art research on nutraceuticals and functional foods. The main issue in this field of research is the sustainability and recovery of bioactive substances from vegetal- or animal-origin byproducts to project and realize novel food supplements and nutraceuticals. Low environmental impact, safety, new food sources and analytical methodologies are of growing interest in the research area of food. The perspective approach addresses the mechanism of action of nutraceuticals, safety and functional foods and nutraceuticals’ mechanisms of action, revealing new possibilities for their use as tools in a complementary proactive approach to certain health issues to prevent the onset of health conditions or to be used in subjects who do not qualify for a conventional therapeutical approach. The areas involved in this perspective range from food chemistry and analysis to nutrition and from safety to sustainability; new therapeutical approaches and novel techniques of analysis and formulation are also involved, which require a wide inter- and multi-disciplinary approach. The overall assessment of these aspects creates new challenges for research and also impacts sustainability, health and safety. This Special Issue may also consider the bridging of health and food in their different declinations from a new perspective.
    Keywords: Food and by-products ; Functional foods and novel sources ; Health and beneficial properties ; Nutraceuticals and novel sources ; Prevention ; Clinical data ; In vitro and in vivo data ; Nanonutraceuticals and nanodelivery ; Clinical experience ; Formulation and novel sources ; Mechanism of action ; Analytical aspects ; Safety ; Interactions with active molecules. ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
    Language: English
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  • 49
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a highly polymorphic and diverse multigene locus in all jawed vertebrate species that has an integral role in adaptive/innate immune systems, transplantation, and infectious and autoimmune diseases. The MHC supra-locus in mammalian vertebrates is usually partitioned into three distinct regions, known as classes I, II, and III, which, to varying extents, can be found conserved in nonmammalian jawed vertebrates, such as bony fish, amphibians, and bird lineages. The MHC gene region is characterized particularly by the expression of class I and class II glycoproteins that bind peptides derived from intracellular or extracellular antigens to circulating T-cells. While this expressed antigenic specificity remains the predominant interest with respect to MHC function and polymorphism in a population, a broader concept has emerged that examines the MHC as a multifunctional polymorphic controller that facilitates and regulates genome diversity with a much greater array of functions and effects than just MHC-restricted antigen recognition. This volume of 19 reprints presented by various experts and collected from the Special Issue of Cells on “MHC in Health and Disease” covers a broad range of topics on the genomic diversity of the MHC regulatory system in various vertebrate species, including MHC class I, II, and III genes; innate and adaptive immunity; neurology; transplantation; haplotypes; infectious and autoimmune diseases; fecundity; conservation; allelic lineages; and evolution. Taken together, these articles demonstrate the immense complexity and diversity of the MHC structure and function within and between different vertebrate species.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; HCP5 ; n/a ; camels ; MHC ; STK19 ; major histocompatibility complex ; human papillomavirus (HPV) ; T-cell receptor ; T1DGC ; bottleneck ; micro-mini-pigs ; life history ; computational analysis ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; phase ; Bactrian camel ; NSDK ; melanoma ; antigen ; autoimmune disease ; RD ; selection ; disease resistance ; autoimmunity ; ancestral haplotype ; Ski complex ; DXO ; high-throughput sequencing ; conservation genetics ; SVA ; lncRNA ; ankylosing spondylitis ; MHC genes ; viral peptides ; competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) ; astrogliosis ; birds ; long-fragment super haplotype ; SNP ; RLR ; HLA polymorphism ; 5??3? RNA decay ; expression ; 3??5? mRNA turnover ; orthology ; long-read sequencing ; disease association ; dromedary ; polyomavirus ; MHC-II-associated sperm-egg recognition ; experimental medicine ; single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ; fish ; SKIV2L ; production trait ; molecular dynamics simulation ; Macaca fascicularis ; human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) ; concerted evolution ; polymorphism ; Old World camels ; MHC polymorphism ; protocol ; nonclassical ; gene duplication ; microglial reaction ; human leukocyte antigen-E ; SKI2W ; quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies ; antiviral immunity ; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ; founder effect ; giant panda ; domain movements ; BK virus ; promoter-proximal transcriptional pause ; type 1 diabetes (T1D) ; RP1 ; miR1236 ; KIR ; synaptic covering ; swine leukocyte antigen ; cynomolgus macaque ; HLA ; kidney transplantation ; ?2m knockout mice ; DOM3Z ; interferon ? ; ethnic populations in China ; ecology ; KIR–HLA pairs ; exosomes ; major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ; MHC-I-based mother-fetus recognition ; RNA quality control ; autoimmune diseases ; NELF-E ; haplotype ; genetic drift ; evolution ; nonhuman primate models ; HLA-B27 ; PNS/CNS interface ; risk genes ; pedigree ; MHC-I- and MHC-II-dependent inter-individual recognition ; regulation ; crested ibis ; reproductive performance ; nephropathy ; cancer ; nuclear kinase ; trichohepatoenteric syndrome ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 50
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Seaweeds are recognized as highly nutritious, and their use in gastronomy is increasing. Their health benefits and their potential to prevent several diseases have also been established. In this Special Issue several health effects are discussed, with more emphasis on their antitumor activity and potential use to treat Alzheimer’s disease. The key bioactive metabolites, from which phlorotannins can be highlighted, are presented, as well as some important in vivo studies. Altogether, the chapters provide in-depth information about the biological activities of seaweed metabolites, contributing to elucidate the health effects of seaweed.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; biorefinery ; polyphenols ; dynamic simulation ; Fucus distichus subsp. evanescens ; seaweeds ; phytochemicals ; Bifurcaria bifurcata ; Fucus vesiculosus ; kidney ; complex polysaccharides ; identification ; secondary metabolites ; phlorotannin ; cholinesterases ; eckol ; skin aging ; clinical trials ; dieckol ; fucoxanthin ; age-related macular degeneration ; photo-protection ; phytol ; Alzheimer’s disease ; fucosterol ; bone health ; nutraceutical ; papillomavirus ; red seaweed ; extraction ; osteoporosis ; fucoidan ; marine algae ; chemo-preventive agent ; ischemia-reperfusion injury ; hyperpigmentation ; bone metabolism ; bioactives ; macroalgae ; beta-secretase ; laurinterol ; prebiotics ; dietary fibre ; NMR spectroscopy ; health effects ; bromophenols ; beta-amyloid aggregation ; kahalalide F ; Padina pavonica ; carotenoids ; insulin glycation ; skincare ; mushroom tyrosinase ; polyunsaturated fatty acids ; fatty acid ; in vivo studies ; apoptosis ; algae ; biological activities ; Symphyocladia latiuscula ; Fucus serratus ; mass spectrometry ; Laminaria digitata ; high-speed counter-current chromatography ; isolation and purification ; K14HPV16 ; amyloid-? aggregation ; VEGF ; melanin ; Laurencia ; seaweed ; organotypic culture ; Saccharina latissima ; ex vivo ; genotoxicity assay ; gut microbiota ; phlorotannins ; eckmaxol ; high value applications ; Ecklonia maxima ; B16F10 ; neuroprotection ; linear diterpenes ; antitumoral ; Ecklonia cava ; cancer ; breast cancer explants ; osteosarcoma ; oxidative stress ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 51
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Nowadays, diet-related non-communicable diseases and their complications are one of the most important public health problems worldwide. Food supplements and functional foods are considered food products which contribute to the achievement of optimal nutritional well-being, health status, and quality of life through reducing the risk of diseases and promoting the appropriate function of human organs and systems. Nowadays, the assessment of these functional foods and the study of their implications in nutrition and health are important challenges in societies of developed countries where consumers increasingly demand foods with added value beyond the provision of nutrients and the satisfaction of appetite. In this reprint, the characterization of the nutritional composition and phytochemicals of functional foods and food supplements as well as the evaluation of their potential health benefits in different disorders and diseases through clinical trials or preliminary studies are addressed.
    Keywords: food supplement ; folic acid ; pregnancy ; food safety ; health claims ; nutrition ; Amazonian fruits ; composition ; metabolic effects ; royal jelly ; acetylcholine ; fatty acid ; ophthalmology ; dry eye ; magnesium ; pharmacy ; food supplements ; drugstore ; functional foods ; healthy eating ; credibility ; extrinsic attributes ; conjoint analysis ; Mediterranean diet ; phytonutrients ; dietary recommendations ; healthy diet ; polyphenols ; flavonoids ; carotenoids ; organosulfur ; caffeine ; antidiabetic activity ; antioxidant activity ; inhibition of α-glucosidase ; inhibition of α-amylase ; inhibition of collagenase ; kombucha ; bacteria ; yeast ; metagenome ; metabolome ; tea polyphenols ; antioxidants ; Glossogyne tenuifolia ; exercise ; forelimb grip strength ; lactate ; ammonia ; creatine kinase ; medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) ; obesity ; energy expenditure ; diet-derived fat ; postprandial resting metabolism ; sedentary ; octanoic acid ; decanoic acid ; creatine ; magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; cost-effectiveness ; brain ; muscle ; healthcare ; anthocyanins ; organosulfur compounds ; tannins ; phenolic acids ; Persea americana ; non-alcoholic liver disease ; liver enzymes ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; novel foods ; novel ingredients ; extracts ; risk assessment ; dietary supplements ; HPLC ; food authenticity ; neural tube defects ; food ; food analysis ; food ingredients ; infant formula ; kynurenic acid ; (poly)phenol-based supplement ; pharmacokinetics ; urinary excretion ; bioavailability ; inter-individual variability ; non-invasive brain stimulation ; TMS ; a-tDCS ; indicaxanthin ; brain food ; cortical excitability ; homeostatic plasticity ; trans-resveratrol ; regulation ; labels ; nutrition claims ; high-performance thin-layer chromatography ; HPTLC ; glutamine ; intestinal stem cells ; crypt ; proliferation ; burns ; micronutrient ; health claim ; labeling ; European legislation ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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  • 52
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This book focuses on advanced research topics on human lactation, such as breastfeeding experiences, milk composition and production, COVID-19 and human milk, food allergens in human milk, the human milk microbiome, and the impacts of human milk on infant growth and development. The symposium proceedings aim to add diversity, passion, and innovation to lactation research and have a positive impact on mothers, infants, and communities worldwide, showcasing integrative mother/infant-centered research.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 53
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Carboxylic acids are truly central compounds in cellular metabolism. Carbon dioxide is captured from the atmosphere through formation of carboxylic groups and is also released, in part, by decarboxylation reactions. The reactivity of the carboxylic group with amino- or hydroxyl-groups enables the formation of peptide and ester bonds. The functionality of the carboxylic group is also of huge importance in our industrial world for a wide range of applications. The loosely bound hydrogen provides weak acid functionality, much desired for food industry applications in preservatives and flavour compounds. Citric acid is one of our oldest industrial fermentation products. The presence of two carboxylic groups, or a combination of one carboxylic group and another functional group, make the compounds interesting building blocks for polymer production. A number of carboxylic acids, including, e.g., lactic, succinic, 3-hydroxypropionic and itaconic acids, have been identified and recognized as suitable platform chemicals for a foreseen growing carbohydrate based economy. Economic margins are, however, tight when competing with petroleum based production, and production strains, fermentation technology and—not least—downstream processing, all need to be improved to enable viable commercial production. This Special issue will cover current developments within this exciting field. Topics will include: Fermentation physiology of natural carboxylic acid producers; screening and isolation of novel producers; metabolic engineering for improving intrinsic carboxylic acid production; metabolic engineering for expanding product range to non-endogenous carboxylic acids; production from lignocellulosic derived sugars or by-product streams; downstream processing for recovery of carboxylic acids; bioprocess design—including continuous processes and integration. All production organisms—fungi, yeasts, bacteria—are welcome.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; bioprocess design ; downstream processing ; metabolic engineering ; strain evolution ; fermentation physiology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 54
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Beer is a beverage with more than 8000 years of history, and the process of brewing has not changed much over the centuries. However, important technical advances have allowed us to produce beer in a more sophisticated and efficient way. The proliferation of specialty hop varieties has been behind the popularity of craft beers seen in the past few years around the world. Craft brewers interpret historic beer with unique styles. Craft beers are undergoing an unprecedented period of growth, and more than 150 beer styles are currently recognized. This Special Issue, Brewing and Craft Beer, comprises nine different works by researchers from five continents (North America, South America, Europe, Africa, and Oceania). This Special Issue reflects thus a broad perspective on the most important questions that concern the researchers in different parts of the world.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QD415-436 ; Q1-390 ; polyphenols ; n/a ; nutrient ; audible sound ; wet milling ; brewing technology ; robotics ; fast-screening ; lactose ; image analysis ; bottle refermentation ; beer aging ; sensory attributes ; brewing ; automation ; bitterness ; stout beer ; beer ; craft beer ; foamability ; Safrari ; adjuncts ; fermentation rate ; barley milling ; preference ; germ ; beer wort ; machine learning ; carbonation ; quality ; FAN ; granulometry ; sensory evaluation ; coffee ; beer acceptability ; computer vision ; fermentation ; economic contribution analysis ; short-chain fatty acids ; local value chain ; AEDA ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 55
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book is a collection of 13 innovative papers describing the state of the art and the future perspectives in solid-phase extraction covering several analytical fields prior to the use of gas or liquid chromatographic analysis. New sorptive materials are presented including carbon nanohorn suprastructures on paper support, melamine sponge functionalized with urea–formaldehyde co-oligomers, chiral metal–organic frameworks, UiO-66-based metal–organic frameworks, and fabric phase sorptive media for various applications. Solid-phase extraction can be applied in several formats aside from the conventional cartridges or mini-column approach, e.g., online solid-phase extraction, dispersive solid-phase microextraction, and in-syringe micro-solid-phase extraction can be very helpful for analyte pre-concentration and sample clean-up. Polycyclic musks in aqueous samples, 8-Nitroguanine in DNA by chemical derivatization antibacterial diterpenes from the roots of salvia prattii, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aater samples by bamboo charcoal-based SPE, parabens in environmental water samples, benzotriazoles as environmental pollutants, organochlorine pesticide residues in various fruit juices and water samples and synthetic peptide purification are among the applications cited in this collection. All these outstanding contributions highlight the necessity of this analytical step, present the advantages and disadvantages of each method and focus on the green analytical chemistry guidelines that have to be fulfilled in current analytical practices.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; method validation ; nitrated DNA lesion ; benzotriazoles ; microextraction ; LC-MS/MS ; perfluoroalkyl acids ; antibacterial diterpenes ; in-house loaded SPE ; isotope-dilution ; polycyclic musks ; wastewater ; peptide ; HPLC-DAD ; chiral compounds ; derivatization ; extraction ; water ; enantiomeric excess ; sample preparation ; metal-organic frameworks ; solid-phase extraction ; FPSE ; melamine sponge ; preparative high-performance liquid chromatography ; GC–MS/MS ; solid phase peptide synthesis ; HPLC-PDA ; Salvia prattii ; in-syringe micro solid-phase extraction ; organochlorine pesticides ; hydrophilic solid-phase extraction ; response surface methodology ; IBD ; graphene ; sorptive phase ; paper ; liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry ; carbon nanohorns ; gradient elution ; peroxynitrite ; bamboo charcoal ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; environmental samples ; parabens ; solid phase extraction (SPE) ; preparative purification ; antidepressants ; online solid-phase extraction ; organic pollutants ; urea-formaldehyde co-oligomers ; personal care products ; dispersive solid-phase extraction ; fabric phase sorptive extraction ; analyte partitioning ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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  • 56
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: We are facing a complicated public health issue in the form of global drug shortages, including antibiotics. Synthetic biology empowers the next generation of antibiotics development, bringing us into a new era.
    Keywords: global regulator ; milbemycins ; Streptomyces bingchenggensis ; SspH ; actinorhodin ; avermectin ; ceftriaxone ; hepatotoxicity ; metal complexes ; oxidative stress ; Streptomyces ; comparative transcriptome ; polyether antibiotics ; salinomycin ; exporter genes ; spectroscopic studies ; antioxidant capacities ; hepatic functions ; cancer cells ; cefotaxime ; Inonotus hispidus ; natural product ; biological activity ; medicinal fungi ; phytochemicals ; antimicrobial agents ; biosynthetic pathway ; secondary metabolites ; 1-benzazepine ; l-kynurenine ; genome mining ; biosynthesis ; iterative methyltransferase ; genetic dereplication ; cyclodipeptide ; OSMAC ; cytotoxicity ; Zymomonas mobilis ; antibiotic resistance ; ampicillin ; genome editing ; CRISPR−Cas12a ; resistance selection markers ; traditional Chinese medicine ; antifungal drug ; immune regulation ; combination of drugs ; fungal infection ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 57
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue features recent data concerning thioredoxins and glutaredoxins from various biological systems, including bacteria, mammals, and plants. Four of the sixteen articles are review papers that deal with the regulation of development of the effect of hydrogen peroxide and the interactions between oxidants and reductants, the description of methionine sulfoxide reductases, detoxification enzymes that require thioredoxin or glutaredoxin, and the response of plants to cold stress, respectively. This is followed by eleven research articles that focus on a reductant of thioredoxin in bacteria, a thioredoxin reductase, and a variety of plant and bacterial thioredoxins, including the m, f, o, and h isoforms and their targets. Various parameters are studied, including genetic, structural, and physiological properties of these systems. The redox regulation of monodehydroascorbate reductase, aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, and cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase could have very important consequences in plant metabolism. Also, the properties of the mitochondrial o-type thioredoxins and their unexpected capacity to bind iron–sulfur center (ISC) structures open new developments concerning the redox mitochondrial function and possibly ISC assembly in mitochondria. The final paper discusses interesting biotechnological applications of thioredoxin for breadmaking.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; regeneration ; posttranslational modification ; H2O2 ; chilling stress ; thioredoxin reductase ; X-ray crystallography ; photosynthesis ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; protein ; monodehydroascorbate reductase ; methionine sulfoxide ; cysteine reactivity ; symbiosis ; plant ; MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry ; thioredoxins ; redox homeostasis ; methionine sulfoxide reductases ; redox ; redox signalling ; chloroplast ; protein-protein recognition ; cyanobacteria ; specificity ; wheat ; methanoarchaea ; stress ; redox regulation ; dough rheology ; methionine sulfoxide reductase ; electrostatic surface ; Calvin cycle ; ALAD ; metazoan ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; baking ; cold temperature ; macromolecular crystallography ; protein oxidation ; function ; methionine oxidation ; development ; iron–sulfur cluster ; tetrapyrrole biosynthesis ; legume plant ; glutathionylation ; Calvin-Benson cycle ; adult stem cells ; carbon fixation ; plastidial ; methionine ; redox active site ; ROS ; water stress ; NADPH ; repair ; physiological function ; signaling ; thioredoxin ; antioxidants ; glutathione ; glutaredoxin ; flavin ; Isocitrate dehydrogenase ; thiol redox network ; ageing ; disulfide ; mitochondria ; chlorophyll ; proteomic ; cysteine alkylation ; ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase ; SAXS ; regulation ; oxidized protein repair ; ascorbate ; redox control ; nitrosylation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The book deals with novel aspects and perspectives in functionally graded materials (FGMs), which are advanced engineering materials designed for a specific performance or function with spatial gradation in structure and/or composition. The contributions mainly focus on numerical simulations of mechanical properties and the behavior of FGMs and FGM structures. Several advancements in numerical simulations that are particularly useful for investigations on FGMs have been proposed and demonstrated in this Special Issue. Such proposed approaches provide incisive methods to explore and predict the mechanical and structural characteristics of FGMs subjected to thermoelectromechanical loadings under various boundary and environmental conditions. The contributions have resulted in enhanced activity regarding the prediction of FGM properties and global structural responses, which are of great importance when considering the potential applications of FGM structures. Furthermore, the presented scientific scope is, in some way, an answer to the continuous demand for FGM structures, and opens new perspectives for their practical use.
    Keywords: QA1-939 ; Q1-390 ; power-law distribution ; evanescent wave ; flow theory of plasticity ; free vibration characteristics ; neural networks ; geometrically nonlinear analysis ; finite element method ; stress concentration factor ; inhomogeneous composite materials ; circular plate ; porous materials ; minimum module approximation method ; ANFIS ; electroelastic solution ; functionally graded piezoelectric materials ; Love wave ; polynomial approach ; stepped FG paraboloidal shell ; material design ; damping coefficient ; spring stiffness technique ; Lamb wave ; pure bending ; general edge conditions ; residual stress ; graded finite elements ; large strain ; non-linear buckling analysis ; orthogonal stiffener ; combined mechanical loads ; functionally graded piezoelectric-piezomagnetic material ; functionally graded beams ; attenuation ; failure and damage ; analytical solution ; functionally graded materials ; elastoplastic analysis ; elastic foundation ; hollow disc ; different moduli in tension and compression ; external pressure ; functional graded saturated material ; bimodulus ; fuzzy logic ; truncated conical sandwich shell ; quadratic solid–shell elements ; functionally graded viscoelastic material ; finite element analysis ; residual strain ; neutral layer ; elliptical hole ; thin structures ; functionally graded plate ; inhomogeneity ; clustering ; metal foam core layer ; robotics and contact wear ; dispersion ; high order shear deformation theory ; finite elements ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Sterols and other isoprenoids are of great interest for their molecular structure and function in cell architecture and evolution, as well as for their importance in medicine and agriculture. Molecules’ 2019 Festschrift Special Issue in honor of the 65th birthday of Prof. W. David Nes, an internationally recognized chemical biologist and recipient of the George Schroepher medal for sterol research, focuses on recent developments in the chemistry, biosynthesis, and function of these polycyclic natural products. This volume of Molecules contains 16 leading-edge review articles and original research contributions from an international cast of scientists. This volume is grouped into three sections: (i) isoprenoid metabolome and diversity, (ii) clinical evaluation of sterol and triterpene structures and biosynthesis, and (iii) methods and synthesis of steroids and other compounds. The volume will be a valuable reference tool for those who study medicinal chemistry, protein chemistry, and biochemistry of isoprenoid lipids.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QD415-436 ; Q1-390 ; high-fat high-carbohydrate diet ; toxicity ; oxysterol ; n/a ; squalene cyclase ; sterol content ; sterolomics ; Polystichum ; Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome ; antifungals ; alkaloid ; cycloartenol synthase ; degeneration ; phytosterol ; Rhizopus arrhizus ; fibroblasts ; pod-blast ; fern ; cholesterol ; cytotoxic activity ; N-methylpiperidine. reductive deamination ; genetic disease ; isoprenoid ; steroid ; atherosclerosis ; granatane ; antioxidant ; wound healing ; development ; enzyme-assisted derivatization ; maturity ; terpene ; keratinocytes ; C4-demethylation complex (C4DMC) ; ?-sitosterol ; mesocarp ; sterol biosynthesis ; mechanism-based inactivators ; Mucorales ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ; Girard reagent ; ROS ; sterol pattern ; N-methylcadaverine ; ?-tocopherol ; electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry ; human African trypanosomiasis ; HUVECs ; lipidomics ; campesterol ; triterpene ; oxyphytosterol ; leishmania ; Chagas disease ; LOX-1 ; sterol C24-methyltransferase ; antifungal effectivity ; ergosterol biosynthesis ; hormone ; glucose homeostasis ; retina ; solanaceae ; cholestanoic acid ; algal sterols ; cell migration ; withanolides ; insulin resistance ; Zingiber officinale ; posaconazole ; synthesis ; pre-diabetes ; pharmacognosy ; sterol ; 4-methylsterol ; oleanolic acid ; antiparasitic drugs ; lupeol ; oilseed ; aurelianolides ; divalent metal co-factor ligation ; bile alcohol ; phytosterols ; azoles ; infectious disease ; gingerols ; UV-radiation ; oil bodies ; ZnO ; sterol 14?-demethylase ; stigmasterol ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 60
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Predation and scavenging are pervasive ecological interactions in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. The ecology, evolution and conservation of predators and scavengers have received wide scientific attention and public awareness. However, the close connection that exists between predation and scavenging has not been emphasized until very recently. The recognition that carnivorous animals may obtain meat by either hunting prey or scavenging their carcasses has profound implications from individual behavior to population, community and ecosystem levels. However, many relevant questions still remain unexplored. This book deals with some of these questions, with the final aim to definitively dismiss the traditional view that predation and scavenging are disconnected ecological processes. This compendium of science may help to inspire ecologists, evolutionary biologists, paleontologists, anthropologists, epidemiologists, forensic scientists, anatomists, and, of course, conservation biologists in their stimulating and promising endeavor of achieving a more comprehensive understanding of carnivory in a rapidly changing world.
    Keywords: caching ; Capreolus capreolus ; carrion ; Eurasian lynx ; Lynx lynx ; Norway ; predation ; roe deer ; scavenging ; decomposition ; nitrogen ; nutrient recycling ; trophic cascade ; apex predators ; bear ; interspecific interactions ; moose ; wolf ; birds of prey ; foraging ; predators ; scavengers ; vision ; carcass ; confrontational scavenging ; disease risk ; facultative scavenger ; landscape of peril ; marine ecosystems ; parasite risk ; predator risk ; terrestrial ecosystems ; anthropogenic food ; diet ; urban habitats ; ecological functions ; carnivorous ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The future food systems will have to provide food and nutrition security while facing unprecedented sustainability challenges: this underlines the need for a transition to more sustainable food systems. Taking into account these premises and considering the complexity of food systems, this book aims to present original research articles, reviews, and commentaries concerning the following:Advancements in food and beverage;Dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional food;Food allergy and public health;Food and nutritional toxicology;Food biotechnology and food processing;Food microbiology and food safety;Food packaging;Food safety and food inspection;Food security and environmental impacts;Food waste management;Nutrition and metabolism;Sustainable food systems and agro-ecological food production.
    Keywords: perceived consumer effectiveness ; green food consumption ; social trust theory ; social ideal theory ; psychological wellbeing ; China ; food additives ; food industry ; food safety ; health impacts ; maltitol ; metabolism ; sweeteners ; consumer’s perceptions and attitudes ; food security ; natural food products ; natural sweeteners ; sustainability ; food sovereignty ; reindeer herding ; food value chain ; Indigenous peoples ; COVID-19 pandemic ; the Arctic ; Western Siberia ; Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ; epistemic trust ; risk perception ; genetically modified food ; public acceptance ; partial least squares structural equation modeling ; community-based intervention ; diet ; home food availability ; home food environment ; sugar sweetened beverages ; fruit and vegetable intake ; Mediterranean diet ; Mediterranean diet pyramid ; sustainable diets ; environmental concerns ; nutrition ; food-based dietary guidelines ; migrants ; diabetes ; food habits ; culturally tailored diet ; transcultural mediator ; café ; green ambience ; Delphi method ; indicator design ; grain production ; spatial–temporal characteristic ; influencing factors ; the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain ; Crepis vesicaria L. subsp. taraxacifolia ; nutritional value ; phenolic profile ; chicoric acid ; antioxidant ; anti-inflammatory ; Brazil ; community restaurants ; food handlers ; food insecurity ; low-income ; COVID-19 ; families ; children ; food acquisition ; restaurants ; biofilms ; food microbiology ; dietary guidelines ; Mediterranean ; the USA ; Japan ; Argentina ; South Africa ; egg quality traits ; ginger ; immunity ; Japanese quail performance ; halal food performance ; availability ; healthy/nutritional factor ; accreditation ; clean/safe/hygiene factor ; trust ; attachment ; halal-friendly image ; retention ; muslim travelers ; Escherichia coli ; bacterial retention ; surface topographies ; meat exudate ; wipe cleaning ; conditioning film ; Cape Verde ; cereals ; metals ; dietary intake ; risk assessment ; Indigenous health ; food systems ; colonialism ; community-based ; participatory ; n/a ; dysphagia ; the elderly ; food products ; processing ; rheology ; texture ; capital endowment ; ecological cognition ; environment-friendly technology ; adoption level ; Hackman model ; environmental health ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In 2011, carbohydrates provided 63% of the dietary energy intake to the world’s population. Historically, carbohydrate-rich diets have been associated with good health and longevity but there has been a move away from traditional carbohydrate-rich diets, with refined carbohydrate taking much criticism for contributing to non-communicable disease. The aim of this Special Issue is to discuss the appropriate use of environmentally sustainable carbohydrate-rich foods in the modern diet in developing and developed countries in the context of prevention and treatment of non-communicable disease.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; satiety ; preload ; carbohydrate ; observational study ; body weight ; chronic disease risk ; postprandial ; isomaltulose ; qualitative ; glycaemic glucose equivalents ; mixed meal ; glycaemia ; obesity ; kiwifruit ; knowledge ; carbohydrates ; sugars ; timing ; sucrose ; CVD ; nutrition ; glycemia ; prebiotics ; intestinal biota ; glycemic response ; fibre ; T2DM ; low-carbohydrate diet ; ethnicity ; rice consumption ; activity ; fruit ; exercise ; discussion groups ; potato ; resistant starch ; pasta ; type 2 diabetes mellitus ; glycemic index ; vitamin C ; carbohydrate exchanges ; fructose ; glycemic load ; Japanese diet ; rice ; type 2 diabetes ; glycaemic response ; dietary pattern ; insulinaemia ; diabetes ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are dispensable genetic elements found in thousands of species of plants and animals, and some fungi. Since their discovery more than a century ago, they have been a source of puzzlement, as they only occur in some members of a population and are absent from others. When they do occur, they are often harmful, and in the absence of “selfishness”, based on mechanisms of mitotic and meiotic drive, there appears to be no obvious reason for their existence. Cytogeneticists have long wrestled with questions about the biological existence of these enigmatic elements, including their lack of any adaptive properties, apparent absence of functional genes, their origin, sequence organization, and co-evolution as nuclear parasites. Emerging new technologies are now enabling researchers to step up a gear, to look enthusiastically beyond the previous limits of the horizon, and to uncover the secrets of these “silent” chromosomes. This book provides a comprehensive guide to theoretical advancements in the field of B chromosome research in both animal and plant systems.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; parent-of-origin effects ; fluorescent in situ hybridization ; coverage ratio analysis ; n/a ; ribosomal DNA ; reactivation ; cytogenetics ; epigenetics ; heterochromatin ; interphase nucleus ; whole genome resequencing ; transmission ; grasshoppers ; genome instability ; dot-like (micro) Bs ; ?s ; B chromosome ; supernumerary elements ; transcription of heterochromatin ; maternal X chromosome ; supernumerary chromosome ; population analysis ; supernumerary ; repeat clusters ; extra chromosomes ; genes ; tandem repeats ; B morphotypes ; repetitive DNA ; repetitive elements ; DNA copy number variation ; chromosome polymorphism ; satellite DNA ; mammals ; maize B chromosome ; additional chromosomes ; inactivation ; drive ; B chromosomes ; FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridisation) ; organelle DNA ; Orthoptera ; origin ; supernumerary chromosomes ; karyotype evolution ; GISH (genomic in situ hybridisation) ; DNA composition ; de novo centromere formation ; genomics ; paternal X chromosome ; euchromatin degradation ; supernumerary chromosomal segments (SCS) evolution ; centromere ; sSMC ; Prospero autumnale complex ; next-generation sequencing ; Drosophila ; host/parasite interaction ; Apodemus peninsulae ; genome evolution ; evolution ; teleost ; chromosome evolution ; microdissected DNA probes ; controlling element ; mobile element ; RNA-Seq ; karyotypes ; karyotypic characteristics ; RepeatExplorer ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The authentication of foods and beverages is a very current topic of great interest for all the actors involved in the food chain, including the food industry, consumers, and food science researchers. Food authenticity covers many different aspects related to mislabeling, adulteration, and misleading claims about origin, production methods, or processing technologies. As many factors may affect the chemical composition of foods (e.g., geographical origin, variety or breed, conditions of cultivation, and breeding and/or feeding), the implementation of accurate, robust, and high-throughput analytical methods is needed to assess their authenticity and traceability and, consequently, guarantee their safety and quality in terms of organoleptic, nutritional, and bioactive characteristics. For these purposes, multiple analytical tools can be employed in combination with advanced chemometrics, such as spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, DNA-based methods, and state-of-the-art omics approaches. In this context, in 2020, the journal Foods launched the Special Issue “Food Authentication: Techniques, Trends and Emerging Approaches” to gather research papers and review articles dealing with the development and application of analytical techniques and emerging approaches in food authentication. Considering the success and popularity of this earlier Special Issue, we will now release a second Special Issue comprising ten valuable scientific contributions, including one review article, one commentary article, and eight original research articles.
    Keywords: rapid authentication ; handheld Raman ; NIR ; fatty acid profile ; oil qualification ; coffee authenticity ; HPLC-UV ; HPLC-FLD ; fingerprinting ; chemometrics ; food adulteration ; chicory ; barley ; flours ; fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy ; second-derivative spectrum ; red pepper powder ; geographical origin ; discriminant analysis ; SDS method ; Qiagen method ; polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ; multiple attribute decision making (MADM) analysis ; Aerodramus ; coffee ; fermentation ; gastrointestinal tract ; Kopi Luwak ; civet ; characterization ; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy ; cluster analysis ; Sherry vinegar ; spectralprint ; random forest ; support vector machine ; molecular traceability ; authentication ; agri-food ; molecular markers ; DNA barcoding ; isothermal amplification ; sequencing ; alkaline phosphatase determination ; PDO Pecorino Siciliano cheese ; raw milk determination ; vinegar ; protected designation of origin ; UV-Vis spectroscopy ; prediction ; sterols ; olive oil ; triterpenic dialcohols ; supported liquid extraction ; high performance liquid chromatography ; gas chromatography ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress is associated with a number of health disorders, including cardiovascular malfunction, certain types of cancer, diabetes mellitus, many other auto-immune diseases, and even ageing. The body possesses multiple mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress, which employ antioxidant compounds that are either naturally generated in situ (endogenous antioxidants) or externally supplied through food (exogenous antioxidants). These antioxidants are able to counteract oxidative stress, thanks to their ability to neutralize excess free radicals and protect the cellular lipids, proteins, and DNA from molecular damage. Exogenous antioxidants from the diet are of increasing interest because of their beneficial role in maintaining good health and in preventing chronic diseases. Indeed, a diet rich in dietary antioxidants, especially from fruits and vegetables, has been correlated with a successful prevention and lower incidence of several degenerative pathologies, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This Special Issue of Nutrients welcomes the submission of manuscripts, either describing original research or reviewing scientific literature, examining the role of diets rich in antioxidant compounds in the prevention of chronic diseases and the characteristics of the antioxidants included in such diets.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; antioxidants ; chronic diseases ; dietary supplementation ; human health ; prevention ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Recent Advances in Water Management: Saving, Treatment and Reuse that was published in Water
    Keywords: GE1-350 ; Q1-390 ; anaerobic processes ; risk assessment ; B. adusta ; environmental education ; foreign countries ; ornamental plants ; filter media ; Pb(II) ; passive treatment systems ; lignin ; oxygen injection ; water treatment ; guidelines ; microbiological quality ; membrane technology ; contaminated sites ; pulp-and-paper-mill c ; milk production ; wastewater ; efficiency ; forest waste ; vertical flow ; emerging contaminant ; decomposition analysis ; active sites ; water ; sustainability ; water treatment technology ; adsorption thermodynamic ; surface water ; agricultural occupations ; zeolite ; conservation ; trickling filter ; hydrogen sulfide ; nitrification ; organic matter ; constructed wetlands ; sewerage ; water recycling ; treated wastewater reuse ; advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) ; odor control ; anammox bacteria ; wastewater treatment ; ferrous iron ; combined sewer ; surveys ; occurrence ; denitrification ; research and development strategy ; carbamazepine toxicity ; global patent data ; activated carbon adsorption ; China ; food industry ; COD ; palm mulch ; ferrous sulfide ; nano illite/smectite clay ; pharmaceuticals ; footprint ; conventional treatment processes ; anticorrosive agent ; pumping mains ; adsorption kinetics ; swine wastewater ; P. crysosporium ; micropollutant removal ; tezontle ; delignification ; partitioning ; white rot fungi ; river ; anaerobic digester ; benzotriazole ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Biocontrol of plant diseases is considered one of the most important and current challenges of our society due to the need to look for eco-friendly alternatives to chemicals. Thus, research towards the biological control sensu lato [antagonist microorganisms, biostimulants, Induced Resistance (IR)] of plant diseases is an urgent demand for the agro-food sector of the Euroregion as well as for our society in the frame of the European Green Deal. Exploring different biocontrol tools as well as their combined effect against plant diseases is essential to generate knowledge on such topics to look for optimum management strategies in crop protection in the frame of organic and sustainable agriculture. Within this framework, this Special Issue of Plants brings together a collection of research papers on applied plant pathology and targeted reviews of biocontrol, including studies on antagonist microorganisms, biostimulants, and host resistance-inducers against plant diseases.
    Keywords: biological control agents ; biostimulation ; resistance host inducers ; sustainable agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Recent special issues in various journals have focused on “urban ecosystem services”. There is also an increasing amount of studies on “urban ecology”, “urban tree management”, “arboriculture”, “urban biodiversity”, and “ecosystem services” from wildland forests. This Special Issue aims to fill a void and focus on the socio-ecological diversity and the economic value of the ecosystem services from urban and peri-urban forests. Urban and peri-urban forests are tree dominated ecosystems in and near human settlements, while ecosystem services are the direct economic, social, and environmental benefits provided by their structural components and ecological functions.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; GE1-350 ; Perceptions and attitudes ; Climate change ; Socio-ecological systems ; Ecosystem service tradeoffs ; Non-market valuation ; Urban forest structure and biodiversity ; Management and planning ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This Special Issue focuses mainly on techniques and the relative formalism typical of numerical methods and therefore of numerical analysis, more generally. These fields of study of mathematics represent an important field of investigation both in the field of applied mathematics and even more exquisitely in the pure research of the theory of approximation and the study of polynomial relations as well as in the analysis of the solutions of the differential equations both ordinary and partial derivatives. Therefore, a substantial part of research on the topic of numerical analysis cannot exclude the fundamental role played by approximation theory and some of the tools used to develop this research. In this Special Issue, we want to draw attention to the mathematical methods used in numerical analysis, such as special functions, orthogonal polynomials, and their theoretical tools, such as Lie algebra, to study the concepts and properties of some special and advanced methods, which are useful in the description of solutions of linear and nonlinear differential equations. A further field of investigation is dedicated to the theory and related properties of fractional calculus with its adequate application to numerical methods.
    Keywords: QA1-939 ; Q1-390 ; risk assessment ; complex Lagrangian ; effective order ; logarithmic singularities ; Swift–Hohenberg type of equation ; Cauchy singularity ; differential equations ; unitary extension principle ; oscillatory solutions ; coupling impedance ; Fredholm integral equations ; dual integral equations ; composition properties ; delay differential equations ; chemical reaction ; Noether symmetries ; symplectic Runge–Kutta methods ; order conditions ; non-homogeneous ; wavelets ; multiresolution analysis ; narrow band domain ; pseudo-Chebyshev polynomials ; highly oscillatory integrals ; tight framelets ; Chebyshev polynomials ; nonoscillatory solutions ; ignition hazard ; quad-colored trees ; general solution ; operator splitting method ; fourth-order ODEs ; offshore plant ; special function ; second-order ; surfaces ; numerical analysis ; effective field strength ; closest point method ; oblique extension principle ; heat generation ; B-splines ; Runge-Kutta type methods ; orthogonality properties ; Frobenius method ; hamiltonian systems ; B-series ; k-hypergeometric series ; particle accelerator ; first integrals ; partitioned runge-kutta methods ; Clenshaw-Curtis quadrature ; recurrence relations ; thin needle ; nanofluid ; Hamiltonian system ; k-hypergeometric differential equations ; steepest descent method ; symplecticity ; fourth-order ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Global population growth is urban growth and, therefore, most of the water-related challenges and solutions reside in cities. Unless water management and water governance processes are significantly improved within the next decade or so, cities are likely to face serious and prolonged water insecurity, urban floods, and/or heat stress, which may result in social instability and, ultimately, massive migration. Aging water infrastructure, one of the most expensive infrastructures in cities, is a relevant challenge in order to address Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6: clean water and sanitation, SDG 11: sustainable cities and communities, and SDG 13: climate action. The choice of good governance arrangements has important consequences for economic performance, for the well-being of citizens, and for the quality of life in urban areas. The better governance arrangements work in coordinating policies across jurisdictions and policy fields, the better the outcomes. Rapidly-changing global conditions will make future water governance more complex than ever before in human history, and expectations are that water governance and water management will change more during the next 20 years compared to the past 100 years. In this Special Issue of Water, the focus will be on practical concepts and tools for water management and water governance, with a focus on cities.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; flood resilience ; flood risk ; Cape Town ; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ; sustainable development goals ; urban planning ; coordination ; IHP ; storm water management ; stakeholder involvement ; flood risk management ; water management sustainability ; Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) ; climate change ; urban water cycle ; wastewater management ; water policy ; governance capacity ; greenhouse gas emissions ; intergovernmental ; Urban Water Management Programme ; indicators ; sustainability ; city networks ; water sensitive cities ; water scarcity ; ICLEI ; flood damage assessment ; stakeholder participation ; SuDS ; climate change mitigation ; social network analysis ; water ecology ; SDGs ; urban resilience ; design rainfall event ; cost of inaction ; rainwater harvesting ; co-design ; UNESCO ; rainfall-runoff ; storm water control measure ; decentralized water reclamation with resource recovery ; baseline assessment ; City Blueprint Approach ; urban water management ; urban landscape ; governance strategies ; science and technology ; drinking water ; Integrated Water Resources Management ; resilience ; Sponge City ; stormwater reservoir ; use-attainment ; sustainability assessment ; water security ; Water-Energy-Food Nexus ; water management ; water supply ; Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) ; urban drainage ; lifecycle analysis ; social infrastructure ; urban pluvial flooding ; assessment framework ; footprint ; climate change adaptation ; infrastructure ; total cost of ownership ; water governance ; flood control ; water-reuse ; governance ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster spp.) are a major contributor to ongoing coral loss on reefs throughout the Indo-Pacific, thereby jeopardizing productivity and biodiversity of these important marine ecosystems. Controlling outbreak populations of Acanthaster spp. is considered one of the most promising strategies to halt or reverse widespread declines in live coral cover. Effective management of crown-of-thorns starfish is, however, conditional on improved understanding of their biology and ecology. While crown-of-thorns starfish are arguably the most extensively studied of any single coral reef species, there remain considerable gaps in our knowledge of their basic biology and ecology. This edited monograph presents the latest research and significant advances in understanding and managing outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Coral reefs ; Habitat loss ; Disturbance ; Ecology ; Management ; Acanthaster spp. ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Rivers are an excellent witness of the dynamics affecting Earth’s surface due to their sedimentary products and morphological expression, which may be considered as fluvial archives. Until now, the focus has been on evaluating the general impact of individual external factors. However, the importance of the specific environmental characteristics of these factors has become increasingly recognized, as highlighted in recent case studies. For example, the effects of regional climate, differentiated topography and vegetation, and frozen ground appear to play an essential role in the evolution of the fluvial system. Integration of such environmental conditions in the processes that were active within the complex fluvial system will open new perspectives in our progressive understanding of the evolution of landscape form, ecology, sediment fluxes, and hydrology of the system within the framework of the external drivers such as tectonics, general climate, and human activity. This is an appealing challenge that we wish to address in the present Special Issue under the aegis of the Fluvial Archives Group (FLAG).
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; n/a ; Tisa ; dikes ; OSL dating ; last glacial ; legacy sediments ; fluvial archives ; western Iberia ; fire ; river engineering ; uplift ; crustal properties ; craton ; fluvial evolution ; OSL-dating ; local conditions ; Pannonian Basin ; deforestation ; eastern Australia ; tectonic impact ; Holocene ; optically stimulated luminescence ; paleo-fluvial ; environmental change ; terrace development ; vegetation-induced sedimentary structures ; alluvial fan ; FLAG ; dams ; agriculture ; fluvial forcing ; domestication ; archaeology ; terrace ; sedimentary basins ; Anthropocene ; Late Pleistocene ; fluvial facies ; optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating ; OSL ; climate ; channel entrenchment ; grain-size analysis ; river terraces ; Tisza ; extrinsic controls ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Stochastic processes have wide relevance in mathematics both for theoretical aspects and for their numerous real-world applications in various domains. They represent a very active research field which is attracting the growing interest of scientists from a range of disciplines.This Special Issue aims to present a collection of current contributions concerning various topics related to stochastic processes and their applications. In particular, the focus here is on applications of stochastic processes as models of dynamic phenomena in research areas certain to be of interest, such as economics, statistical physics, queuing theory, biology, theoretical neurobiology, and reliability theory. Various contributions dealing with theoretical issues on stochastic processes are also included.
    Keywords: QA1-939 ; Q1-390 ; arithmetic progressions ; weighted quadratic variation ; fractional differential-difference equations ; small deviations ; periodic intensity functions ; realized volatility ; rate of convergence ; host-parasite interaction ; first Chebyshev function ; regularly varying functions ; Cohen and Grossberg neural networks ; mixture of Gaussian laws ; diffusion model ; transition densities ; re-service ; Strang–Marchuk splitting approach ; random delays ; nematode infection ; first-passage-time ; total variation distance ; forecast combinations ; products of primes ; discrete time stochastic model ; multiplicative noises ; slowly varying functions ; growth curves ; stochastic process ; loan interest rate regulation ; birth-death process ; non-Markovian queue ; catastrophes ; exogenous factors ; seasonal environment ; repairs ; proportional hazard rates ; structural breaks ; transient probabilities ; first passage time (FPT) ; bounds ; double-ended queues ; mixed Gaussian process ; stochastic order ; time between inspections ; busy period ; diffusion ; continuous-time Markov chains ; general bulk service ; time-non-homogeneous birth-death processes ; stand-by server ; reliability ; sensor networks ; random impulses ; scale family of distributions ; maximum likelihood estimation ; multi-state network ; totally positive of order 2 ; lognormal diffusion process ; fractional birth-death processes ; exact asymptotics ; stochastic orders ; time-non-homogeneous jump-diffusion processes ; asymptotic distribution ; inverse first-passage problem ; nonhomogeneous Poisson process ; two-dimensional signature ; multiple vacation ; first-passage time ; mean square stability ; fractional queues ; differential entropy ; random parameter matrices ; Wasserstein distance ; breakdown and repair ; fusion estimation ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Alternative treatment modes for antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens have become a public health priority. Bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that infect and lyse bacterial cells. Since bacteriophages are frequently bacterial host species-specific and can often also infect antibiotic-resistant bacterial cells, they could represent ideal antimicrobials for fighting the antibiotic resistance crisis. The medical use of bacteriophages has become known as phage therapy. It is widely used in Russia, where phage cocktails are sold in pharmacies as an over-the-counter drug. However, no phage product has been registered for medical purposes outside of the former Soviet Union. The current Special Issue of Viruses contains a collection of papers from opinion leaders in the field who explore hurdles to the introduction of phage therapy in western countries. The articles cover diverse topics ranging from patent to regulatory issues, the targeting of suitable bacterial infections, and the selection and characterization of safe and efficient phage cocktails. Phage resistance is discussed, and gaps in our knowledge of phage–bacterium interactions in the mammalian body are revealed, while other articles explore the use of phages in food production and processing.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QR1-502 ; Q1-390 ; alginate ; abortive infection ; n/a ; bacterial resistance ; bacteriophages ; ATMP ; MALDI-MS ; adaptation ; Bacteriophage ; horizontal gene transfer ; adaptive immunity ; co-evolution ; Listeria ivanovii ; personalised medicines ; pH stability ; phage-human host interaction ; vB_SauM-fRuSau02 ; antimicrobial resistance ; phagodisinfection ; biofilm ; capsule depolymerase ; animal model ; phage cocktails ; Enterococcus ; cases report ; zoonosis ; resistance ; magistral formula ; experimental therapy ; Belgium ; phage therapy ; E. faecalis ; nontraditional antibacterial ; industrial phage application ; Democratic Republic of the Congo ; OrthoMCL ; Germany ; high-throughput sequencing ; antimicrobial ; infection ; antibiotic therapy ; Kayvirus ; phages ; Twortlikevirus ; bacterial disease ; human host ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; phage ; multidrug-resistant bacteria ; bacterial infection ; Salmonella Typhi ; rhamnopolysaccharide ; compassionate use ; crop production ; compounding pharmacy ; antimicrobial resistance (AMR) ; best practices ; bacteriophage efficacy ; phage sensitivity ; antibiotic-resistance ; antibiotic ; lysins ; PTMP ; Escherichia coli ; typhoid fever ; patent landscape ; phage preparation ; innate immunity ; anti-phage antibodies ; immunology ; Staphylococcus aureus ; global health ; clinical trial ; adsorption ; Brussels ; phage-resistance ; Galleria mellonella ; science communication ; history of science ; virus–host interactions ; foodborne illness ; prophage ; resistance management ; biofilms ; IND ; immunomodulation ; frequency of resistance ; capsule ; gastrointestinal tract ; phage-host interactions ; disinfection ; production ; bacteriophage therapy ; bacteriophage ; Staphylococcus ; magistral preparation ; extended-spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) ; Viral proteins ; antibiotic resistance ; genomics ; phage biocontrol ; therapy ; target selection ; viral genomes ; evolution ; pharmaceutical paradigm shift ; personalized medicine ; pharmaceutical legislation ; food safety ; regulation ; virulence ; developing countries ; infectious disease ; regulatory framework ; sustainable agriculture ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Fruits and vegetables are important sources of nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds, and provide many health benefits. However, due to non-optimal post-harvest management, large quantities of fresh or fresh-cut fruits and vegetables experience a decline in their quality and nutritional value before they reach the consumer. This Special Issue covers technologies for the harvesting, handling, and storage of vegetables, including storage strategies such as active packaging, edible coatings, the application of nanotechnology in the post-harvest of vegetable crops, and others, with the aim of improving the shelf-life of fresh and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.
    Keywords: fresh walnut ; total phenols ; frozen storage ; fatty acid ; antioxidant enzyme ; fruit storage ; antioxidant capacity ; phenolic compounds ; gene expression ; Fragaria × ananassa Duch. ; Sabrosa ; ripening stage ; headspace solid phase microextraction (HS SPME GC/MS) ; HPLC-MS/MS principal component analysis ; fresh-cut cauliflower ; storage period ; calcium chloride ; temperature ; factor analysis ; quality ; table grapes ; optimal harvesting ; technological maturity ; phenolic maturity ; non-destructive tools ; Multiplex® 3 ; pectin-based coating ; quality attributes ; fresh-cut carrot ; respiratory activity ; carotenoids and phenolic compounds ; lemon byproduct ; antioxidant ; e-nose ; ATR-FTIR ; image analysis ; multivariate analysis ; Barhi dates ; Phoenix dactylifera ; chitosan ; orange peel ; olive cake ; coating ; scanning electron microscopy ; surface structure ; antifungal active packaging ; raspberry ; green tea extract ; rosemary extract ; citrus ; intelligent logistics ; modeling ; orange ; postharvest ; chilling injury ; storage ; melatonin ; 1-MCP ; oregano ; vacuum packaging ; Allium cepa ; Rhus coriaria ; refrigeration ; mango fruit ; melatonin treatment ; cold storage ; decay ; physiological and metabolic processes ; goji berries ; shelf-life ; postharvest quality ; sensorial attributes ; freshness ; active packaging ; cold plasma ; dipping ; E-nose ; high hydrostatic pressure ; innovative postharvest technologies ; pulsed electric field ; vacuum impregnation ; near-infrared spectroscopy ; Pleurotus eryngii ; king oyster mushroom ; quality influential factors ; preservation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 76
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Micro-power domestic organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems and the selection of the expander and the working fluid are presented, analyzed thoroughly, and numerically evaluated. A promising decentralized hybrid PV-SOFC system is investigated for providing useful energy supply to commercial buildings, capable of power and heat generation at a lower cost. A hybrid solar-combined cycle power plant integrated with a packed-bed thermal energy storage system with a novel recycling configuration enables robust control of collector temperature and net power during times of high solar activity. An automated hybrid (solar and biomass) power plant for thermal energy production for indoor space heating loads coverage is presented. A comprehensive and up-to-date literature review is presented of non-iterative methods for the extraction of the single diode model parameters of photovoltaic modules. A prototype custom built two-speed gearbox with a single stage transmission electric vehicle achieves significant reductions in the overall energy consumption. Two new fuzzy models are presented of high concentrator photovoltaics using the high-accuracy Takagi–Sugeno–Kang approach and the ease of interpreting the Mamdani linguistic rules. Finally, the impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in the primary frequency regulation is studied and the effects of PHEVs in non-interconnected isolated power systems with significant renewable energy source (RES) penetration are demonstrated through simulations of the isolated power system of Cyprus Island.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; concentrated solar power ; artificial neural network ; ad hoc data-driven generation ; simulation ; hybrid system ; multi-vane expander ; scheduled charging ; decentralized system ; transmission ; review ; electric vehicle ; heating and cooling loads ; fuzzy rule-based systems ; energy consumption ; maximum power prediction ; photovoltaic (PV) ; 2-speed ; single-diode model ; explicit ; primary frequency control (PFC) ; gear change ; high concentrator photovoltaic modules ; experimental analysis ; adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system ; CVT ; ORC ; working fluid ; Lambert W function ; analytical ; hybridization ; vehicle-to-grid (V2G) ; thermal energy storage ; biomass-solar combi systems ; five parameters ; numerical analysis ; isolated power system dynamic simulation ; renewable energy systems modeling ; parameters extraction ; solar collectors’ simulation ; photovoltaic ; aggregator ; control ; solid oxide fuel cells ; battery storage ; thermoeconomic modeling ; combined-heat-and-power ; buildings energy performance upgrade ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 77
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This special volume offers a snapshot of the latest developments in mineral exploration, in particular, geophysical, geochemical, and computational methods. It reflects the cutting-edge applications of geophysics and geochemistry, as well as novel technologies, such as in artificial intelligence and hyperspectral exploration, methods that have profoundly changed how exploration is conducted. This special volume is a representation of these cutting-edge and pioneering methods to consider and conduct exploration, and should serve both as a valuable compendium of the most innovative exploration methodologies available and as a foreshadowing of the form of future exploration. As such, this volume is of significant importance and would be useful to any exploration geologist and company
    Keywords: QE1-996.5 ; Q1-390 ; mineral prospectivity mapping ; deep mineral exploration ; geochemical exploration ; GA-SVR ; cross-gradients constraints ; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; lithium ; mineral texture ; bat algorithm ; tungsten ; spatial analysis ; data-space ; stream sediments ; exploration ; MT ; geochemical fingerprinting ; 3D mineral prospectivity modeling ; Axi deposit ; LIBS ; dual-frequency IP ; one-class support vector machine ; Kagenfels ; pegmatite ; (co)-simulation ; LCT ; gravity gradiometry ; Natzwiller ; elastic-net regularization ; mineral resource classification ; mineral exploration ; Vosges ; micro-imaging ; exploration targeting ; project pursuit multivariate transform ; targeting ; joint inversion ; epithermal gold deposits ; inversion ; grain size analysis ; niobium ; Variscan orogeny ; QEMSCAN® ; receiver operating characteristic ; model-space ; JORC code ; Jinchuan Cu–Ni sulfide deposit ; limestone deposit ; area under the curve ; CSAMT ; magnetotelluric ; Youden index ; gravity ; granite ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
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  • 78
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue collects research on and applications of the relationship between food, nutrition, and databases. The development of databases of nutrients, bioactive compounds, and metabolites are key tools for human health and public nutrition and represent resources for a wide range of applications in food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, epidemiology, and medicinal areas. The current research trends are highlighted.
    Keywords: plant sterols ; database ; Polish population ; supermarket packaged foods ; private labels ; generic labels ; branded labels ; health star rating ; sugar ; sodium ; healthiness ; price ; public health policy ; food data ; natural substances ; health promotion ; sustainable foods ; national food composition databases ; one health ; nutritional knowledge ; eight-year-old students ; official control ; school canteen ; food composition database ; nutrient pattern ; nutrient composition ; principal component analysis ; food-based dietary guideline ; salt intake ; South Africa ; salt content ; nutritional claims ; nutrient profile/profiling models ; changes in sodium content ; food database ; public health ; industrially-produced trans fatty acids ; Elaidic acid ; Linolelaidic acid ; traditional dishes ; Arabic sweets ; market foods ; Lebanon ; n/a ; fast food ; total sugars ; population health ; food environments ; meal combos ; food standardization ; nutrients ; bioactive compounds ; personalized nutrition ; saccharin ; sucralose ; gut microbiota ; acceptable daily intake ; short-term studies ; long-term studies ; short-chain fatty acids ; cognitive impairment ; cognitive decline ; nutritional care ; hospitalized patient ; elderly patient ; EuroFIR AISBL ; food data banks ; standardization ; harmonization ; interoperability ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Due to the influence of pore-throat size distribution, pore connectivity, and microscale fractures, the transport, distribution, and residual saturation of fluids in porous media are difficult to characterize. Petrophysical methods in natural porous media have attracted great attention in a variety of fields, especially in the oil and gas industry. A wide range of research studies have been conducted on the characterization of porous media covers and multiphase flow therein. Reliable approaches for characterizing microstructure and multiphase flow in porous media are crucial in many fields, including the characterization of residual water or oil in hydrocarbon reservoirs and the long-term storage of supercritical CO2 in geological formations. This book gathers together 15 recent works to emphasize fundamental innovations in the field and novel applications of petrophysics in unconventional reservoirs, including experimental studies, numerical modeling (fractal approach), and multiphase flow modeling/simulations. The relevant stakeholders of this book are authorities and service companies working in the petroleum, subsurface water resources, air and water pollution, environmental, and biomaterial sectors.
    Keywords: QC801-809 ; Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; liquid rate ; particle size ; greenhouse gas emission ; wellbore multiphase flow ; oscillating motion ; oil tanker ; Lattice Boltzmann method ; base-level cycle ; fracture characterization and prediction ; submarine landslide ; Wilkins equation ; bulk density ; low-temperature nitrogen adsorption ; unconventional reservoirs ; air-entry value ; fractal model ; tight sandstone ; hazard prevention ; South China Sea ; loose media ; soil-water characteristic curve ; tight conglomerate ; supercritical CO2 ; creep ; seepage resistance ; classification ; mouth bar sand body ; Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) ; digital rock ; methane ; coal ; marine gas hydrate ; pore structure ; acoustic emission ; porous media ; damage ; initial void ratio ; Huanghua Depression ; fractal method ; gas rate ; petrophysics ; fractal porous media ; true density ; multilayer reservoir ; microfractures ; multifractal ; overburden pressure ; turbulence modelling ; numerical simulation ; diffusion coefficient ; inclined angle ; Ordos Basin ; producing degree ; pore-scale simulations ; lifecycle management ; porosity ; fractal dimension ; fractional derivative ; interlayer interference ; isotopic composition ; non-laminar flow ; temperature drop ; CT ; Bakken Formation ; salt rock ; gas hydrate ; multiphase flow ; oil properties ; pressure drawdown model with new coefficients ; controlling factors
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  • 80
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The survival of plants under stressful environments requires the study of the mechanisms that help in reversing the adverse impacts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) excessively generated under these conditions. Understanding the mechanisms helps in adopting strategies to induce such mechanisms for the better acclimation of plants. These ROS, if not scavenged, cause damage of cellular components, including lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, and, in extreme cases, even the death of cells in plants. Confronted with abiotic stress, there is an initial elevation in ROS that activates redox signaling to initiate defense in plants through the activation of antioxidant activity. The improvement in the capacity of antioxidant machinery is one of the essential strategies with which to develop tolerance and relieve the pressure of abiotic-stress-induced oxidative changes for the survival of plants. This reprint provides knowledge on the following aspects: Impact of abiotic stress factors and the response of antioxidant machinery to changing abiotic stress conditions, as well as strategies with which to strengthen antioxidant machinery for the survival of plants; Strategies to improve the tolerance mechanisms of plants against abiotic stress factors; Roles and the mechanisms of the plant signaling molecules/growth modifiers/mineral nutrients/hormones/other elicitors in relieving the impacts of abiotic stresses; The utilization of approaches such as genomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, ionomics, and nutiomics to strengthen antioxidant machinery and make plant life easier under abiotic stress conditions.
    Keywords: tomato ; photosynthesis ; root growth ; oxidative damage ; melatonin ; drought ; gene expression ; toxic metals/metalloid ; nanoparticles ; phytohormones ; phytoremediation ; reactive oxygen species ; antioxidant enzymes ; heavy metal stress ; ubiquitination ; protein degradation ; gas exchange features ; osmotic adjustment ; water deficiency ; water-use-efficiency ; antioxidant defense ; arabidopsis ; bioinformatic analysis ; SlBAG genes ; SlBAG9 ; Solanum lycopersicum ; antioxidants ; oxidative stress ; marker-free transgenic rice ; mature seed-derived calli ; pea DNA helicase 45 ; salinity stress tolerance ; ethylene response factor ; flooding stress ; metallothionein ; monodehydroascorbic acid reductase ; resistant cultivar ; respiratory burst oxidase ; sensitive cultivar ; biochemical metabolites ; plant growth ; stigmasterol ; wheat ; polyamine ; iron-deficiency ; transcriptomics ; BAG9 ; Hsps ; thermotolerance ; ethylene ; hydrogen sulfide ; nitric oxide ; rice ; Arabidopsis ; metabolome ; ROS ; rohitukine ; ascorbate peroxidase ; catalase ; hydrogen peroxide ; NADP dehydrogenases ; NADPH oxidase ; salt stress ; superoxide dismutase ; seed priming ; spermine ; chromium ; S1fa transcription factor ; cell wall ; yeast ; antioxidant enzyme ; heat stress ; betaine ; seed germination ; physiology ; biochemistry ; Hibiscus cannabinus ; physiological changes ; bioactive constituents ; antioxidant capacity ; bioactive molecules ; carotenoids ; flavonoids ; osmotic stress ; phenolic acids ; secondary metabolites ; exogenous spermidine ; lettuce ; transcriptome ; vanadium stress ; sweet potato ; antioxidant defense system ; stomatal traits ; antioxidant systems ; Cu stress ; leucine ; nitrogen metabolism ; peach ; polyamine uptake protein ; Put2 ; ascorbate ; Dittrichia ; glutathione ; thallium toxicity ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 81
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint represents a collection of scientific papers belonging to a Special Issue of Antioxidants entitled "Advances in the Astonishing World of Phytochemicals: State-of-the-Art for Antioxidants". Several studies have revealed that plants are a source of a plethora of bioactive compounds, such as phytohormones, glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and essential oils, with a strong potential impact in the fields of pharmaceutics and agriculture. These phytochemicals represent a valuable weapon that plants use in self-defense in order to counteract the effects of abiotic stress disturbing the delicate equilibrium between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense systems. In recent years, interest in this area of research has been increasing due to the multifaceted properties of natural compounds with antioxidants having anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanism of their action is crucial to establishing their real potential in applied sciences. This reprint focuses on the most recent advances in the study of antioxidant molecular mechanisms activated by phytochemicals, with potential pharmacological and agricultural applications. We thank all the authors for their contribution to the research topic of this reprint and all editorial staff for their valuable support.
    Keywords: antioxidant response element (ARE) ; Nrf2 signaling pathway ; bioactive byproducts ; proanthocyanidins ; oxidative stress mechanisms ; thinned apples ; polyphenols ; anti-oxidant ; anti-inflammatory ; NRF2 ; NF-κB ; proteomics ; antioxidants ; acetylcholinesterase ; 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl ; HPLC ; medicinal plants ; oxidative stress ; cytotoxicity ; hepatoprotective effects ; HeLa cancer ; inflammation ; mass spectrometry ; oxidation ; prostate cancer ; phytochemical ; phenolic acids ; phenolic mixtures ; interaction effect ; antioxidant activity ; FRAP ; ORAC ; Achillea millefolium ; yarrow extract ; H. pylori ; supercritical anti-solvent fractionation ; anti-inflammatory activity ; antibacterial activity ; A. gangeticus ; protein and dietary fiber ; minerals ; phytochemicals ; HPLC-UV DPPH ; ABTS+ ; PA profiles ; NaCl ; Mexican Gordolobo ; supercritical CO2 extraction ; fatty acids ; biomass valorization ; mountain pepper ; rosella ; strawberry gum ; lemon aspen ; flavonoids ; anthocyanins ; bioavailability ; LC-MS/MS ; microalgae ; exopolysaccharides ; phycoerythrin ; biocompatibility ; wound healing ; Echinacea purpurea extracts ; fractions ; phenols/carboxylic acids ; alkylamides ; human primary macrophages ; pressurized liquid extraction ; seaweeds ; green extraction technique ; bioactive compounds ; functional ingredients ; food packaging ; future trends ; tomato-based products ; metabolic syndrome ; HFD ; antioxidant capacity ; phytonutrients ; yarrow ; fragmentation pathway ; electrospray ionization ; secondary metabolites ; horseradish ; mass spectra ; kaolinite ; phyto-carrier system ; phytocompounds ; methyl gallate ; autophagy ; apoptosis ; p53 ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 82
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The 11th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and their Applications (ICAMDATA) was held on November 11–15, 2018, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and was organized by the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian. This meeting is a continuation of a series which began in 1997 that was chartered to promote the use of atomic and molecular (AM) data in various fields of science and technology, to provide a forum for the interaction of AM data producers and users, and to foster crossdisciplinary cooperation between AM data producers and users as the coordination of AM data activities and databases worldwide.
    Keywords: QC770-798 ; Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; atomic structure ; energy levels ; cross section ; Cowan code ; molecules ; electronic excitation ; hydrogen molecule ; rotational excitation ; electron scattering ; electron-impact excitation ; atoms ; inelastic scattering ; momentum transfer ; transition probabilities ; web ; charge exchange ; VAMDC ; noble gas ions ; databases ; cross sections ; N2 ; elastic scattering ; ionization ; scattering ; dissociation ; semiempirical parametric calculations
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  • 83
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The school of thought surrounding the urban ecosystem has increasingly become in vogue among researchers worldwide. Since half of the world’s population lives in cities, urban ecosystem services have become essential to human health and wellbeing. Rapid urban growth has forced sustainable urban developers to rethink important steps by updating and, to some degree, recreating the human–ecosystem service linkage.Assessing as well as estimating the losses of ecosystem services can denote the essential effects of urbanization and increasingly indicate where cities fall short. This second book on urban ecosystem services contains 11 thoroughly refereed contributions published within the Special Issue “Urban Ecosystem Services II: Toward a Sustainable Future”. The book addresses topics such as cultural ecosystem services, green infrastructure, urban trees, urban green spaces, and more. The contributions highlight current knowledge, gaps, and future research with the focus on building a sustainable future.
    Keywords: urban biodiversity ; urban watersheds ; Bogota Colombia ; corruption ; Unwillingness to Invest ; natural capital ; blue-green infrastructure ; urban environmental challenges ; Global South ; tropical cities ; urban forestry ; cultural ecosystem services ; public survey ; tree maintenance ; urbanization ; birds ; ecosystem services ; survival ; adaptations ; traits ; land-based financing ; land monetisation ; policy ; infrastructure ; Sustainable Development Goals ; compensation measures ; urban resilience ; urban development ; impact assessment ; cityscape visual perception ; green infrastructure ; linear parks ; sustainable landscape planning ; tram lanes ; Warsaw ; ecosystem service value ; farmland loss ; construction land expansion ; remote sensing ; landscape architecture ; design ; evaluation ; urban ecosystem services ; urban tree planting ; i-Tree Canopy ; Office for National Statistics ; health damage costs ; United Kingdom ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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  • 84
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: ca. 200 words; this text will present the book in all promotional forms (e.g. flyers). Please describe the book in straightforward and consumer-friendly terms. [Estrogen receptors (ERs) are typical members of the superfamily of nuclear receptors that mainly function as ligand-inducible transcription factors that bind chromatin, as homodimers, at specific response elements. A tight reciprocal coupling between rapid ‘non-genomic’ and ‘genomic’ ER actions may also occur in many physiological processes. ERs have long been evaluated for their roles in controlling the expression of genes involved in vital cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Therefore, given the various and pleiotropic functions of ERs, the dysregulation of their pathways contributes to several diseases such as the hormone-dependent breast; endometrial and ovarian cancers; and neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and osteoporosis. In this printed edition of the Special Issue, “Molecular Pathways of Estrogen Receptor Action”, promising results on understanding the mechanisms underlying ER-mediated effects in various pathophysiological processes are represented, covering different roles of ER pathways in the tumorigenesis, the resistance to endocrine therapy, the dynamics of 3D genome organization, and cross-talk with other signaling pathways. This Special Issue also provides insight into the emerging roles of estrogen-signaling pathways in lung cancer, the tumor microenvironment, and the immune system.]
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Estrogens and estrogen receptors ; Cell signaling ; Physiopathology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: While international efforts in the development of short rotation woody crops (SRWCs) have historically focused on the production of biomass for bioenergy, biofuels, and bioproducts, research and deployment over the past decade has expanded to include broader objectives of achieving multiple ecosystem services. In particular, silvicultural prescriptions developed for SRWCs have been refined to include woody crop production systems for environmental benefits such as carbon sequestration, water quality and quantity, and soil health. In addition, current systems have been expanded beyond traditional fiber production to other environmental technologies that incorporate SRWCs as vital components for phytotechnologies, urban afforestation, ecological restoration, and mine reclamation. In this Special Issue of the journal Forests, we explore the broad range of current research dedicated to our topic: International Short Rotation Woody Crop Production Systems for Ecosystem Services and Phytotechnologies
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; SD1-669.5 ; rhizospheric soil ; allocation ; acidic soil ; abandoned farmland ; carbon sequestration ; bioenergy ; mycorrhizal fungi ; leaf area index ; foliar nutrient and metal concentration ; aboveground biomass ; inoculation ; stocking level ; site reclamation ; willow ; Salix ; spacing trial ; agricultural field experiment ; Populus ; Populus canadensis ; species variation ; ecosystem services ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Environmental issues have attracted great attention with the pursuit of a high quality of life, and the effective removal of environmental pollutants is a great challenge today. This includes two topics: one is to remove the pollutants produced post-treatment, and the other is to synthesize chemicals by a green route, avoiding producing pollutants in the process.Catalytic technology is an effective way to solve environmental problems, which can facilitate the conversion of pollutants to nontoxic or even useful chemicals. Thus, this reprint focuses on resolving the environmental problems by a catalysis technology, including photocatalysis, thermocatalysis, and electrocatalysis. Research works relating to the catalytic removal of pollutants or the catalytic synthesis of chemicals by a green route are reported.
    Keywords: antibiotics ; photocatalytic degradation ; degradation mechanism ; photocatalysts ; ROS ; solid Fe resources ; recycling ; CO oxidation ; propane dehydrogenation ; dendrimer-like silica nanoparticle support ; Pt/Sn ratios ; selective oxidation ; benzaldehyde ; nanometer-size catalyst ; MOFs material ; graphitic carbon nitride ; metal oxides ; heterojunctions ; synthesis ; photocatalytic applications ; photocatalysis ; photodegradation ; carbon nitride ; phase junction ; MOF ; electrocatalysis ; electronic structure ; flow cell ; large current density ; Co3O4/Bi12O17Cl2 ; heterojunction ; Rhodamine-B ; Bisphenol-A ; oxygen vacancy ; exciton effect ; Bi2MoO6 ; sodium pentachlorophenate ; visible light ; N-doped TiO2 ; Bi2WO6 ; composite photocatalyst ; benzene degradation ; thermoactivation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: This book is a collection of contributions to the Special Issue “Historical Acoustics: Relationships between People and Sound over Time”. The research presented here aims to explore the origins of acoustics and examine the relationships that have evolved over the centuries between people and auditory phenomena. Sounds have indeed accompanied human civilizations since the beginning of time, helping them to make sense of the world and to shape their cultures. Several key topics emerged, such as the acoustics of historical worship buildings, the acoustics of sites of archaeological interest, the acoustics of historical opera houses, and the topic of soundscapes as cultural intangible heritage. The book, as a whole, reflects the vibrant research activity around the “acoustics of the past”, which will hopefully be serve as a foundation for inspiring the future path of this discipline.
    Keywords: QC221-246 ; Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; military history ; choir space ; reverberation time ; n/a ; Lazarica church ; acoustic heritage ; shape optimisation ; Spanish cathedrals ; sound ; architectural heritage ; cathedral acoustics ; theatre ; ancient Greek theatre ; music ; EDT ; acoustics ; architectural conservation ; restoration ; archaeoacoustics ; Süleymaniye Mosque ; historic soundscapes ; cave ; history ; cultural heritage ; worship acoustics ; Hagia Sophia ; Stonehenge ; digital humanities ; medieval building ; Classical Era ; room acoustics ; reverberation ; general’s harangue ; open-air performance space ; speech intelligibility ; archives ; church acoustics ; opera house ; political theater ; historical structures ; archeoacoustics ; Julius Caesar ; scenery ; historical speeches ; soundscapes ; soundscape survey ; archaeology ; Chaco Canyon ; memorial ; York Minster ; heritage acoustics ; acoustic simulation ; Ancestral Puebloan ; clarity ; acoustic design ; sound mapping ; Berlin Wall
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Fungal natural products have made important contributions to the history of human civilization. Mr. Liu Jikai has had a significant influence on the field of chemistry in fungal natural products, leading a large number of Chinese scholars engaged in related research. We would like to take this opportunity to thank Mr. Liu Jikai for his efforts on fungal natural products chemistry and hope that all colleagues will make great progress for the future.
    Keywords: sesquiterpenoids ; fungus ; structures ; structural diversity ; biological activity ; synthesis ; heterologous expression ; PKS-NRPS ; ilicicolin H ; shunt metabolite ; Trichoderma reesei ; Craterellus ordoratus ; isolation and structural elucidation ; immunosuppressive activity ; propionyl-CoA metabolism ; modular polyketide synthase ; propionyl-CoA carboxylase ; Bipolaris sp. ; kiwi-associated fungus ; sesquiterpenoid ; xanthone ; anti-pathogenic microorganism activity ; monomeric sorbicillinoids ; bisorbicillinoids ; trisorbicillinoids ; hybrid sorbicillinoids ; fungi ; occurrence ; biological activities ; verrucosidins ; Penicillium cellarum ; glucose uptake-stimulating activity ; molecular networking ; endophytic fungi ; secondary metabolites ; structural feature ; drug discovery ; Phaeosphaeria sp. ; secondary metabolite ; polyketide ; AChE inhibitor ; biosynthetic pathways ; diterpenes ; isolation ; structure ; biosynthesis ; biosynthetic pathway crosstalk ; natural product ; biosynthetic gene cluster ; bioactivity ; Ganoderma applanatum ; lanostane triterpenoid ; Mosher’s method ; anti-adipogenesis activity ; structure–activity relationship ; PKS ; waste valorization ; microbial cell factory ; phenalenones ; cancer ; casein kinase ; CK2 inhibitor ; molecular docking ; Asteromyces cruciatus ; marine fungi ; polyketides ; sortase A ; chlore-containing metabolites ; Staphylococcus aureus ; antibacterial activity ; biofilm formation ; Boeremia exigua ; Fritillaria hupehensis ; eremophilanes ; boeremialanes ; anti-inflammatory ; NO production inhibition ; Ganoderma australe ; triterpene ; 20(22)E configuration ; PGME method ; balanol biosynthesis ; protein kinase C inhibitor ; Zn2Cys6 ; regulator BlnR ; medium optimization ; fermentation ; Tolypocladium ophioglossoides ; sorbicillinoids ; Acremonium chrysogenum ; structure elucidation ; DPPH radical scavenging activity ; antimicrobial compounds ; marine natural products ; endophytic fungus ; Phomopsis ; cytochalasan ; antimigratory activity ; Sparticola triseptata ; ECD–TDDFT ; antiproliferative ; cytotoxic ; actin inhibitors ; sulfur ; plant endophyte ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The future of the precious metals is shiny and resistant. Although expensive and potentially replaceable by transition metal catalysts, precious metal implementation in research and industry shows potential. These metals catalyze oxidation and hydrogenation due to their dissociative behavior toward hydrogen and oxygen, dehydrogenation, isomerization, and aromatization, etc. The precious metal catalysts, especially platinum-based catalysts, are involved in a variety of industrial processes. Examples include Pt–Rh gauze for nitric acid production, the Pt/Al2O3 catalyst for cyclohexane and propylene production, and Pd/Al2O3 catalysts for petrochemical hydropurification reactions, etc. A quick search of the number of published articles in the last five years containing a combination of corresponding “metals” (Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh and Au) and “catalysts” as keywords indicates the importance of the Pt catalysts, but also the continuous increase in the contribution of Pd and Au. This Special Issue reveals the importance of precious metals in catalysis and focuses on mono- and bi-metallic formulations of any supported precious metals and their promotional catalytic effect of other transition metals. The application of precious metals in diverse reactions, either homogeneous or heterogeneous, and studies of the preparation, characterization, and applications of the supported precious metal catalysts, are presented.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; QD146-197 ; Q1-390 ; sustainable ammonia synthesis ; Pt3Sn alloy ; alkenols ; n/a ; PtSn alloy ; propane dehydrogenation ; chelate ; photodegradation ; gold nanoparticles ; photochemical ; alkynols ; triple bond electron charge ; palladium catalyst ; Pt/Al2O3 ; 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol ; hydrogen storage ; X-ray crystallography ; ruthenium ; platinum dispersion ; gold catalysts ; reduction temperature ; DOC ; palladium ; renewable hydrogen ; 1-propanol ; 4-hydroxyproline ; glycerol ; 2-?-benzylproline ; proline ; hydrogen bonding ; oxidative coupling ; glucose oxidation ; stabilizing agent ; titania ; 4-fluoroproline ; turnover frequency ; porous carbons ; Pt–Sn/Al2O3 ; P25@Pd ; catalyst synthesis ; 2-propanol ; amino acid ; azetidine ; precious metals ; clay ; gas phase hydrogenation ; CNTs ; 3-butyn-2-ol ; Pd/Al2O3 ; heterogeneous enantioselective hydrogenation ; XPS ; microwave ; caesium ; perovskite ; CO oxidation ; Au–TiO2 ; dodecahydro-N-ethylcarbazole ; phenol photo-degradation ; pipecolinic acid ; 3-butyn-1-ol ; acetophenone ; drying ; palladium catalysts ; N-methylproline ; dehydrogenation ; PVA ; aging ; hydrodechlorination ; hydrogenolysis ; dispersion ; direct reduction ; core-shell ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Studying the origin of life is one of man’s greatest achievements over the last sixty years. The fields of interest encompassed by this quest are multiple and interdisciplinary: chemistry, physics, biology, biochemistry, mathematics, geology but also statistics, atmospheric science, meteorology, oceanography, and astrophysics. Recent scientific discoveries, such as water on Mars and the existence of super-Earths with atmospheres similar to primordial Earth, have pushed researchers to simulate prebiotic conditions in explaining the abiotic formation of molecules essential to life. This collection of articles offers an overview of recent discoveries in the field of prebiotic chemistry of biomolecules, their formation and selection, and the evolution of complex chemical systems.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; minerals ; n/a ; inosine ; carbamic acid ; prebiotic chemistry ; pentopyranose nucleic acid ; catalysis ; MVC architecture pattern and biological information ; carbon dioxide-ammonia ices ; stability as a selection pressure ; ribozyme and tRNA ; translation and the genetic code ; AnyLogic software for computer simulation of translation machine ; Darwinian evolution ; prebiotic information system ; genetic code origin ; electrochemistry ; coevolution of translation machine and the genetic code ; digit multiplicity ; thermodynamic bottleneck ; abasic oligomers ; selection ; nucleotide stability ; AICAR ; tRNA-synthetase ; hypercycle ; nucleotide oligomerization ; origin of life ; thioester ; dry-wet cycles ; Chemomimesis ; population growth ; tRNA and mRNA ; diversity ; early peptides ; Molecular Darwinism ; tRNA accretion model ; replication ; aldol reaction ; hydrothermal vents ; base pairing ; numerical codons ; abiogenesis ; purine precursor ; peptide/RNA world ; information ; ab initio molecular dynamics ; RNA ; cysteine ; nucleotide and nucleoside synthesis ; thiol-rich peptides ; novel metalloproteins ; transmission ; function ; energy currency ; anharmonicity ; arabinopyranose nucleic acid ; bridge peptide and aaRS ; aminonitriles ; mechanochemistry ; prebiotic polymerization ; origins of life ; encoding ; carbon fixation ; infrared spectra ; phosphoryl transfer ; metabolism ; growth order ; layered double hydroxide (LDH) clay ; molecular clocks ; Monte Carlo ; binary patterned amino acid sequences ; network expansion simulation ; prebiotic soup ; nucleotidyltransferases ; mixed anhydride ; phosphates ; translation ; ribosome ; pentose diphosphate ; monosaccharides ; systems chemistry ; reduction ; imidazoles ; protein design ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 91
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Satellite altimetry is a radar technique for measuring the topography of the Earth’s surface. It was initially designed for measuring the ocean’s topography, with reference to an ellipsoid, and for the determination of the marine geoid. Satellite altimetry has provided extremely valuable information on ocean science (e.g., circulation surface geostrophic currents, eddy structures, wave heights, and the propagation of oceanic Kelvin and Rossby waves). With more than 25 years of observations, it is also becoming vital to climate research, providing accurate measurements of sea level variations from regional to global scales. Altimetry has also demonstrated a strong potential for geophysical, cryospheric, and hydrological research and is now commonly used for the monitoring of Arctic and Antarctic ice sheet topography and of terrestrial surface water levels. This book aims to present reviews and recent advances of general interest in the use of radar altimetry in Earth sciences. Manuscripts are related to any aspect of radar altimetry technique or geophysical applications. We also encourage manuscripts resulting from the application of new altimetric technology (SAR, SARin, and Ka band) and improvements expected from missions to be launched in the near future (i.e., SWOT).
    Keywords: QC801-809 ; Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; water level ; ALES ; wet path delay ; CryoSat-2 ; water volume transport ; water level time series ; storm surge ; filtering ; validation ; polar ocean ; ocean tides ; satellite altimetry ; lake level ; classification ; ENVISAT ; numerical modelling ; PISTACH ; water levels ; evaporation ; geodesy ; waveform ; ALES retracker ; waveform retracking ; unsupervised classification ; CryosSat-2 SAR ; peakiness ; Envisat ; Jason-2 ; calibration ; SARAL ; ACC ; microwave radiometer ; ocean geostrophy ; data processing ; fine scale ; SWOT ; orbit decay ; Aral Sea ; geodetic orbit ; radar altimetry ; oceanography ; streamflow ; K-medoids ; retracking ; ice ; SWOT simulator ; coastal altimetry ; Ka-band ; western Mediterranean Sea ; topography of the intertidal zone ; FVCOM ; HY-2A ; inland water ; tide gauge ; discharge ; ERS-2 ; marine gravity ; wet tropospheric correction ; South China Sea ; stack data ; upper layer thickness ; drifting orbit ; hydrology ; Sentinel-3 ; two-layer ocean model ; satellite geodesy ; Fram Strait ; space gravity ; leads ; satellite altimeter ; range precision ; sensor calibration ; ROMS model ; X-TRACK ; SAR ; Inner Niger Delta ; Greenland Sea ; Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) ; Mekong Basin ; altimetry ; Hong Kong coast ; soil moisture ; Argo ; Southern Ocean ; Landsat ; dielectric permittivity ; sea surface height ; lake volume
    Language: English
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Ecological patterns are the manifestation of salient feedback between species and the environment, considering both the natural and built environment. Mapping this dynamical feedback over space and time means extracting the structural and functional networks of habitats and species whose nexus defines the systemic function that can be preserved and enhanced via protection and eco-engineering solutions. The key is to sense the ecological collective behavior that is salient for quantitative ecosystem assessment, forecasting, and engineering. This Topic aims to highlight data, methods, inferred processes, and solutions about collective ecological patterns at multiple scales and for diverse ecosystems. The core objective is to stress the crucial importance of ecological information and monitoring for detailed and quantitative assessment of ecosystems on which future nature-based solutions can be developed considering climate risks and population values.
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Ecosystems ; Biocomplexity ; Sensing ; Networks ; Information ; Environment ; Ecology&nbsp ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Volcanoes release plumes of gas and ash to the atmosphere during episodes of passive and explosive behavior. These ejecta have important implications for the chemistry and composition of the troposphere and stratosphere, with the capacity to alter Earth's radiation budget and climate system over a range of temporal and spatial scales. Volcanogenic sulphur dioxide reacts to form sulphate aerosols, which increase global albedo, e.g., by reducing surface temperatures, in addition to perturbing the formation processes and optical properties of clouds. Released halogen species can also deplete stratospheric and tropospheric ozone. Volcanic degassing, furthermore, played a key role in the formation of Earth’s atmosphere, and volcanic plumes can affect air quality, pose hazards to aviation and human health, as well as damage ecosystems. The chemical compositions and emission rates of volcanic plumes are also monitored via a range of direct-sampling and remote-sensing instrumentation, in order to gain insights into subterranean processes, in the respect of the magmatic bodies these volatiles exsolve from. Given the significant role these gases play in driving volcanic activity, e.g., via pressurisation, the study of volcanic plumes is proving to be an increasingly fruitful means of improving our understanding of volcanic systems, potentially in concert with observations from geophysics and contributions from fluid dynamical modelling of conduit dynamics.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; n/a ; radioactive disequilibria 210Pb-210Bi-210Po ; volcanic geochemistry ; radiative transfer ; spherical-cap bubble ; plume ; satellite remote sensing ; portable photometry ; puffing ; Holuhraun ; interdisciplinary volcanology ; gas slug ; atmospheric remote sensing ; analysis software ; gases ; image processing ; remote sensing ; SEVIRI data ; oxygen and sulfur multi-isotopes ; nonlinear spectral unmixing ; UV cameras ; ultraviolet cameras ; cloud height ; atmospheric chemistry ; Python 2.7 ; degassing processes ; volcanic plumes ; fissure eruption ; radiative forcing ; basaltic volcanism ; volcanic plume top height ; O3 ; eruption start and duration ; Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) ; volcanic emissions ; volcanology ; volcanic CO2 flux ; volcanic aerosols ; 2011–2015 Etna lava fountains ; SO2 ; reactive halogen ; nonlinear PCA ; gas ; Etna volcano ; geochemical modelling ; BrO ; volcanic sulfate aerosols ; volcanic gases ; SSA ; hyperspectral remote sensing ; time averaged discharge rate ; eruption monitoring ; Bárðarbunga ; strombolian ; aerosol optical properties ; Mount Etna ; Taylor bubble ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book brings together the latest research results of air quality assessment standards and sustainable development in developing countries. The content is full and the discussion is vivid. These articles are suitable for students and researchers at all levels seeking to understand the status of air pollution, governance standards, and governance effects in developing countries.
    Keywords: TD172-193.5 ; GE1-350 ; Q1-390 ; greenhouse gases ; collaborative filtering ; Euclid approach degree method ; hierarchical linear model ; pollution ; adaptive clustering analysis ; evolutionary game ; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation ; spatial and temporal difference ; livestock ; AQI ; rough set ; air pollutant ; fuzzy optimization model ; air quality ; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region ; functional ANOVA ; environmental supervision ; environmental governance ; primary pollutants ; emission inventory ; N) model ; Beijing ; sustainable development ; PM2.5 concentrations ; environmental target-setting ; entropy weight method ; comprehensive pollution index analysis ; attribute reduction ; functional principal component analysis ; AQI indicators ; Jiangsu province ; vehicle ; haze ; air quality evaluation standards ; China ; interval grey number ; PM2.5 ; carbon emissions ; linear time-varying GM(1 ; forecasting ; grey correlation analysis ; measurement and environment ; performance ; whistleblowing ; relevance analysis ; PSR Model ; wind power development ; air pollution ; spatial and temporal distribution characteristics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Increasing attention is being paid to the development of effective technologies for the sequestration of CO2 and its storage. Hopefully, this will result in processes that can lead to its valorisation as a chemical, e.g., for the regeneration of fuels, but also for the production of intermediates. These are usually energy demands and rather slow processes, requiring energy input and catalysts. Some examples are the innovative strategies for the hydrogenation, photoconversion, or electroreduction of carbon dioxide. This book collects original research papers, reviews, and commentaries focused on the challenges related to the valorisation and conversion of CO2.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; QD450-801 ; microwaves ; dimethyl carbonate ; n/a ; dynamic reaction conditions ; catalysis ; water sorption ; alkali promoter ; Titania ; high pressure photocatalysis ; diatomite ; photoreduction ; catalyst preparation ; dehydration ; CO2 reduction ; photocatalysis ; CO2 hydrogenation ; carbon dioxide ; mechanochemistry ; CO2 electro-reduction ; surface oxidation-reduction ; operando XAS ; metal-carbon-CNF composites ; carbon nanofibers ; ultrasound ; carbon-based electrodes ; water diffusion ; alkali oxide ; quick-EXAFS ; H2 dropout ; CO2 methanation ; plastic waste ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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  • 96
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The 15th Estuarine and Coastal Modeling Conference provides a venue for commercial, academic, and government scientists and engineers from around the world to present and discuss the latest results and techniques in applied estuarine and coastal modeling. Prospective authors are invited to submit papers on a wide range of topic areas, including:• Pollutant Transport and Water Quality Prediction• Coastal Response to Climate Change• Modeling Techniques and Sensitivity Studies• Model Assessment• Modeling Specific Estuarine and Coastal Systems• Visualization and Analysis• Wave and Sediment Transport Modeling• Modeling of Chemicals and Floatables• Oil Spill Transport and Fate Modeling• Inverse Methods• Circulation Modeling• Facility Siting and CSO Studies• Data Assimilation• Nowcast/Forecast Modeling Systems• Modeling Systems with Strong Buoyancy Forcing• Modeling of Coupled Systems• Risk Analysis (Nuclear Reactors, Flood Forecasting)
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; water level ; stratification ; Chatham Sound ; wave hindcast ; water level time series ; marine construction ; storm surge ; VDatum ; NARR ; estuarine modeling ; ecosystem simulation ; CFSR ; Sandusky Bay ; hydrodynamic modeling ; river discharge ; tidal datums ; British Columbia ; geospatial data visualization ; ocean modeling ; operational forecast ; numerical model ; initial dilution zone ; Puget Sound ; anthropogenic impact ; Finite Volume Community Ocean Model ; Salish Sea ; hydrodynamic numerical model ; compound events ; sea level rise ; marine ; Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) ; CE-QUAL-W2 ; CICE ; temperature ; barotropic ; statistical interpolation ; unstructured grid ; wind-driven current ; Salish Sea model ; wave energy ; ADCIRC ; sediment transport ; breakwater ; biophysical modeling ; model calibration ; harbor ; Great Lakes ; multi-level nested-grid modeling ; property-carrying particle model ; spatially varying uncertainty (SVU) ; FVCOM ; phytoplankton ; MIKE21SW ; baroclinic ; tidal currents ; climate change ; operational nowcast and forecast system ; tidal constituent database ; spatially varying uncertainty ; momentum balance ; coastal ocean modeling ; eutrophication ; Hood Canal ; flooding ; coupled models ; environmental assessment ; water quality ; nearshore restoration ; SWAN ; Texas ; H3D ; coastal storm ; floating bridge ; wind forcing ; tidal current ; lateral circulation ; zone of influence ; ADvanced CIRCulation model (ADCIRC) ; non-tidal zones ; agriculture ; sediment model ; short-lived radioisotopes ; coastal and estuarine modeling ; Eastern North Pacific Ocean (ENPAC) ; Gulf of Mexico ; cloud computing ; feasibility assessments ; internal tides ; ice modeling ; salinity ; north-east Gulf of Mexico ; data analysis ; Brown Passage ; WaveWatch III ; marine grid population ; channel deepening ; hydrodynamics ; large-wave hindcast ; western Louisiana ; tides ; estuary ; algal growth kinetics ; circulation ; salt wedge ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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  • 97
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The majority of carbon stored in the soils of the world is stored in forests. The refractory nature of some portions of forest soil organic matter also provides the slow, gradual release of organic nitrogen and phosphorus to sustain long term forest productivity. Contemporary and future disturbances, such as climatic warming, deforestation, short rotation sylviculture, the invasion of exotic species, and fire, all place strains on the integrity of this homeostatic system of C, N, and P cycling. On the other hand, the CO2 fertilization effect may partially offset losses of soil organic matter, but many have questioned the ability of N and P stocks to sustain the CO2 fertilization effect.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; SD1-669.5 ; polyphenols ; aluminum accumulator ; near natural forest management ; chloroform fumigation extraction ; soil structure ; soil enzymes ; manure pelleting ; microbial biomass ; Oxisol ; biolability ; soil nutrients ; second production cycle ; PLFA ; pyrolysis ; Eucalyptus sp. ; Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation ; carbon ; the Three Gorges Reservoir ; revegetation ; carbon distribution index ; climate change ; seasons ; annual increment average ; topography ; humic substances ; litter N ; soil fertility ; climate zone ; nutrient cycling ; Daxing’an Mountains ; carbon mineralization ; nitrification ; 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR) ; organic matter ; throughfall ; forest soil ; dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ; P species ; stoichiometric homeostasis ; dissolved organic matter (DOM) ; soil organic matter fraction ; variable-charge soils ; ammonium ; nitrate ; soil degradation ; soil P fractions ; seasonal trends ; ammonia-oxidizing bacteria ; nitrogen dynamics ; net primary productivity ; soil microbial communities ; beech forests ; soil pH ; wood volume ; temperature ; northern temperate ; multilevel models ; Pinus massoniana plantation ; ammonia-oxidizing archaea ; P stock ; stand density ; P resorption efficiency ; forest types ; soil greenhouse gas flux ; enzyme activities ; soil N ; alpine forest ; moisture gradient ; climate ; climatic factors ; soil available phosphorus ; microbial activity ; soil available nitrogen ; leaf N:P ratio ; stemflow ; Chamaecyparis forest ; charcoal ; gross nitrogen transformations ; principal component analyses ; information review ; manuring ; stand age ; tree-DOM ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 98
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: In 1978, Fred Hoyle proposed that interstellar comets carrying several viruses landed on Earth as part of the panspermia hypotheses. With respect to life, the origin of homochirality on Earth has been the greatest mystery because life cannot exist without molecular asymmetry. Many scientists have proposed several possible hypotheses to answer this long-standing L-D question. Previously, Martin Gardner raised the question about mirror symmetry and broken mirror symmetry in terms of the homochirality question in his monographs (1964 and 1990). Possible scenarios for the L-D issue can be categorized into (i) Earth and exoterrestrial origins, (ii) by-chance and necessity mechanisms, and (iii) mirror-symmetrical and non-mirror-symmetrical forces as physical and chemical origins. These scenarios should involve further great amplification mechanisms, enabling a pure L- or D-world.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; supramolecular assembly ; weak neutral current ; homochiral and heterochiral aggregates ; vortex ; neutrinos ; Soai reaction ; Viedma ripening effect ; nucleus–molecular coupling ; absolute asymmetric synthesis ; circular dichroism ; enantiomer self-disproportionation ; magmatic flow ; metal-organic framework ; Z0 boson ; hidden chirality ; gravitation ; SDE ; etch figures ; replicators ; supramolecular chirality ; deracemization ; assemblies ; spin polarized electrons ; super-high-velocity impact ; homochirality ; chirogenesis ; heat capacity ; tunneling ; prebiotic ; Salam hypothesis ; tilt-chirality ; self-assembly ; racemic field ; triethylenediamine (DABCO) molecules ; environmental chirality ; bioorganic homochirality ; polymer ; enantioselective reaction ; two-fold helix ; origin of life ; biological homochirality ; parity violation in the weak interaction ; amino acids ; multi-point approximation ; magnetism ; C1- and C2-symmetric catalysts ; spin-polarized lepton ; lipid ; chiral field (memory) ; Wallach’s rule ; asymmetric autocatalysis ; plasma reactor ; circularly polarized photon ; asymmetric reaction ; racemate ; enantiomorphism ; symmetry breaking ; ?-strand ; chirality ; circularly polarized light ; circularly polarized luminescence ; autocatalysis ; amino acid handedness ; asymmetric synthesis ; precision measurement ; nepheline ; chiral separation ; parity violation ; achiral stationary phase ; genesis of life chirality ; high dimensional chirality
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  • 99
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The emergence of marine and freshwater toxins in geographical areas where they have never been reported before is a concern due to the considerable impact on (sea)food contamination, and consequently, on public health. Several groups of marine biotoxins, in particular tetrodotoxins, ciguatoxins, and palytoxins, are included among the relevant marine biotoxins that have recently emerged in several coastal areas. A similar situation has been observed in freshwater, where cyanobacterial toxins, such as microcystins, could end up in unexpected areas such as the estuaries where shellfish are cultivated. Climate change and the increased availability of nutrients have been considered as the key factors in the expansion of all of these toxins into new areas; however, this could also be due to more intense biological invasions, more sensitive analytical methods, or perhaps even an increased scientific interest in these natural contaminations. The incidences of human intoxications due to the consumption of seafood contaminated with these toxins have made their study an important task to accomplish in order to protect human health. This Special Issue has a focus on a wide variety of emerging biotoxin classes and techniques to identify and quantify them.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; C-CTX-1 ; non-targeted analysis ; ciguatera fish poisoning ; suspects screening ; neurodegeneration ; adaptation ; LC-HRMS ; paralytic shellfish toxins ; LC-MS/MS ; animal toxins ; identification ; method characterization ; caribbean ciguatoxins ; oral toxicity ; water flea ; quorum sensing ; eutrophication ; beta-methyl-amino-l-alanine ; dynamics simulation ; thermal water ; spent medium ; Microcystis ; Gambierdiscus ; gambierdiscus ; whole genome sequencing ; palytoxin ; conotoxin ; ovatoxins ; cyanobacterial toxin ; BMAA ; Ciguatera fish poisoning ; Rastrineobola argentea ; calcium-activated K+ ion channel ; toxicity equivalence factor ; NMR spectroscopy ; N2a ; PPIA ; marine biotoxins ; Daphnia magna ; ELISA ; disulfide-rich peptide ; food chain ; ShK-like peptide ; voltage-gated K+ ion channel ; targeted analysis ; Chinese yellow catfish ; marine ; macaronesia ; neuroblastoma bioassay ; marine toxins ; acute toxicity ; algal–bacterial relationship ; mass spectrometry ; tetrodotoxins ; saxitoxin ; toxicology ; cationization ; seafood safety ; evolution ; cyanotoxins ; toxin genes ; zoantharian ; spatial variability ; dopaminergic neurons ; tetrodotoxin ; bivalve mollusks ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 100
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Through reading this book, you will obtain information on: (1) the main problems in air separation and natural gas treatment by membrane separation and how to solve them; (2) processes involving membranes and new membrane materials for the more economical utilization of bio-resources; (3) energy selection and membrane development for more expedient and stable harnessing of the natural osmosis phenomenon; (4) many excellent contributions about catalytic membrane bioreactors; (5) how to fine-tune the arrangement of aquaporins (i.e., proteins identified in biological cells) to achieve superior water treatment efficiency.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; n/a ; membrane ; draw solutes ; regeneration ; steam explosion ; wastewater treatment ; lignin ; hydrogen ; supported ionic liquid membranes ; chlorine resistance ; photocatalytic membrane ; thin-film composite ; photocatalytic membrane reactors ; single-sites ; pore modification ; polyimide ; separation ; dynamic membrane filtration ; microalgae ; structural stability ; energy ; fine chemistry ; pre-reforming ; costs ; fractionation ; carbon dioxide ; glucose ; alkanes ; immobilization ; biomimetic ; aquaporins ; nanofiltration ; interfacial polymerization ; cell disruption ; gas separation ; steam reforming ; plasticization ; xylose ; forward osmosis ; zeolite membrane ; membrane separation ; dopamine ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: English
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