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  • 550 - Earth sciences
  • DDC 510 s
  • English  (8)
  • Polish
  • 2005-2009  (6)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (2)
  • 1980-1984
  • 2005  (6)
  • 1993  (2)
  • 1992
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  • 2005-2009  (6)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (2)
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
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    Shear-wave splitting around the Eifel hotspot: evidence for a mantle upwelling (2005)
    In:  Geophysical Journal International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We thank Dahlen & Nolet for the comments (DN05) on our paper (HH05). There are many points of agreement, as we think is clear from HH05, but we respectfully continue to differ in opinion on some fundamental aspects of the finite frequency sensitivity kernels known as 'banana doughnut' kernels—hereinafter BDKs, as per the original nomenclature of Dahlen et al.—and their benefit to global tomography. In contrast to DN05's summary statement, HH05's main concern about BDKs is not the effect of uncertainty in the earthquake source signature or origin time. HH05 argue that (i) the evaluation of sensitivity kernels in simple media has limitations for the interpretation of broad-band signals by means of (linearized) finite frequency tomography; (ii) finite frequency kernels are (indeed) oscillatory, but in general heterogeneity their structure will be complex and different from BD features; (iii) the resolved length scales of model variations are induced by the spectral scales present in the data, which makes the notion of 'hole' irrelevant; and (iv) with the need for 'damping' (regularization) and without a basis that matches properly the multi-scale aspects of finite frequency sensitivity, ray theory or finite frequency theory inversions are likely to yield results that are practically the same.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    Seismic monitoring of the Indian Ocean Tsunami (2005)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of Mw 9.3 triggered a massive tsunami in the Indian Ocean. We here report on observations of the Indian Ocean tsunami at broadband seismic stations located on islands in the area. The tsunami induces long-period (〉1000 s) signals on the horizontal components of the sensor. Frequency-time analysis shows that the long-period signals cannot be due to seismic surface waves, but that it arrives at the expected time of the tsunami. The waveforms are well correlated to tide gauge observations at a location where both observations are available. To explain the signals we favour tilt due to coastal loading but we cannot at the present stage exclude gravitational effects. The density of broadband stations is expected to increase rapidly in the effort of building an earthquake monitoring system. They may unexpectedly become useful tsunami detectors as well.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    Global plate tectonics with special regard to the European region using Lageos laser ranging data from 1983 to 1990 (1993)
    In:  Permanent Satellite Tracking Networks for Geodesy and Geodynamics | International Association of Geodesy Symposia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The plate tectonic concept has nearly revolutionized the geo-sciences in the last decades. Many geodynamical, geophysical and geological phenomena could be understood for the first time. The investigation of the present-day global crustal kinematics is a crucial contribution which can be delivered by space geodesy only. Since the beginning of the MERIT-Campaign continuous good quality laser ranging data to LAGEOS are available. Using these data a precise estimation of present-day global-scale tectonic motion is possible. During the WEGENER/MEDLAS project the worldwide tracking network has been densified by a number of fixed and mobile stations in the southern Europe and eastern Mediterranean. Having now for a number of sites three to four occupations within four years significant site motions can be extracted. The derived motions are essential input information for deformation analyses and the interpretation of plate tectonic parameters.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Deformation and Stress regimes in the Hellenic subduction zone from focal Mechanisms (2005)
    In:  Journal of Seismology
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    A receiver function study across the Dead Sea Transform (2005)
    In:  Geophysical Journal International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We report on a receiver function study of the crust and upper mantle within DESERT, a multidisciplinary geophysical project to study the lithosphere across the Dead Sea Transform (DST). A temporary seismic network was operated on both sides of the DST between 2000 April and 2001 June. The depth of the Moho increases smoothly from about 30 to 34-38 km towards the east across the DST, with significant north-south variations east of the DST. These Moho depth estimates from receiver functions are consistent with results from steep- and wide-angle controlled-source techniques. Steep-angle reflections and receiver functions reveal an additional discontinuity in the lower crust, but only east of the DST. This leads to the conclusion that the internal crustal structure east and west of the DST is different. The P to S converted phases from both discontinuities at 410 and 660 km are delayed by 2 s with respect to the IASP91 global reference model. This would indicate that the transition zone is consistent with the global average, but the upper mantle above 410 km is 3-4 per cent slower than the standard earth model.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
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    Upper mantle anisotropy beneath the Seychelles microcontinent (2005)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The Seychelles plateau is a prime example of a microcontinent, yet mechanisms for its creation and evolution are poorly understood. Recently acquired teleseismic data from a deployment of 26 stations on 18 islands in the Seychelles are analyzed to study upper mantle seismic anisotropy using SKS splitting results. Strong microseismic noise is attenuated using a polarization filter. Results show significant variation in time delays (dt =0.4–2.4 s) and smooth variations in orientation (f = 1569 where f is the polarization of the fast shear wave). The splitting results cannot be explained by simple asthenospheric flow associated with absolute plate motions. Recent work has suggested that anisotropy measurements for oceanic islands surrounding Africa can be explained by mantle flow due to plate motion in combination with density-driven flow associated with the African superswell. Such a mechanism explains our results only if there are lateral variations in the viscosity of the mantle. It has been suggested that the Seychelles are underlain by a mantle plume. Predictions of flow-induced anisotropy from plumelithosphere interaction can explain our results with a plume possibly impinging beneath the plateau. Finally, we consider lithospheric anisotropy associated with rifting processes that formed the Seychelles. The large variation in the magnitude of shear wave splitting over short distances suggests a shallow source of anisotropy. Fast directions align parallel to an area of transform faulting in the Amirantes. Farther from this area the orientation of anisotropy aligns in similar directions as plate motions. This supports suggestions of transpressive deformation during the opening of the Mascarene basin.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    The lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary in the North-West Atlantic region (2005)
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: A detailed knowledge of the thickness of the lithosphere in the north Atlantic is an important parameter for understanding plate tectonics in that region. We achieve this goal with as yet unprecedented detail using the seismic technique of S-receiver functions. Clear positive signals from the crust-mantle boundary and negative signals from a mantle discontinuity beneath Greenland, Iceland and Jan Mayen are observed. According to seismological practice, we call the negative phase the lithosphere-ashenosphere boundary (LAB). The seismic lithosphere under most of the Iceland and large parts of central Greenland is about 80 km thick. This depth in Iceland is in disagreement with estimates of the thickness of the elastic lithosphere (10-20 km) found from postglacial rebound data. In the region of flood basalts in eastern Greenland, which overlies the proposed Iceland plume track, the lithosphere is only 70 km thick, about 10 km less than in Iceland which is located directly above the proposed plume. At the western Greenland coast, the lithosphere.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Gneisses of the KTB Vorbohrung und Hauptbohrung - II. Sources and petrogenesis (1993)
    In:  KTB Report 93-2: Contributions to the 6. Annual KTB-Colloquium, Geoscientific Results; Giessen 1.-2. April 1993
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-09
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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