ALBERT

Beschreibung: SGG-UGM-1 is a static gravity field model based on EGM2008 derived gravity anomalies and GOCE Satellite Gravity Gradiometry (SGG) data and the Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking (SST) observations up to degree and order 2159. Block-diagonal normal equation system up to degree and order 2159 are formed with EGM2008 gravity anomaly data using block-diagonal least squares method. Fully occupied normal equation system up to degree and order 220 are formed by GOCE SGG data and the SST observations along the GOCE orbit based on least-squares analysis. The diagonal components (Vxx, Vyy, Vzz) of the gravitational gradient tensor are used to form the system of observation equations with the band-pass ARMA filter. The point-wise acceleration observations (ax, ay, az) along the orbit are used to form the system of observation equations up to the maximum spherical harmonic degree/order 130. SGG-UGM-1 is resolved by combination of the two normal equation systems using least squares method. It is the first generation of high-resolution gravity model in ICGEM developed by School of Geodesy and Geomatics (SGG), Wuhan University (WHU). More details about the determination of the model are given in our paper “The determination of an ultra high gravity field model SGG-UGM-1 by combining EGM2008 gravity anomaly and GOCE observation data” (Liang W, Xu X, Li J, et al. Acta Geodaeticaet Cartographica Sinica. 2018, 47(4): 425-434. DOI:10.11947/j. AGCS.2018.20170269) and “A GOCE only gravity model GOSG01S and the validation of GOCE related satellite gravity models ” (Xu X, Zhao Y, Reubelt T, et al. Geodesy and Geodynamics. 2017, 8(4): 260-272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2017.03.013). The work is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41774020, 41210006 and 41404020

Beschreibung: Dataset

Beschreibung: The SHARE European Earthquake Catalogue (SHEEC) 1900-2006 has been compiled by GFZ Potsdam in the frame of an independant project and represents a temporal and spatial excerpt of "The European-Mediterranean Earthquake Catalogue" (EMEC) for the last millennium (Grünthal & Wahlström, 2012) with a few modifications, which are described in Grünthal et al. (2013). It was compiled under the coordination of INGV, Milan. It builds on the data contained in AHEAD (Archive of Historical Earthquake Data) and with the methodology developed in the frame of the I3, EC project "Network of Research Infrastructures for European Seismology" (NERIES), module NA4. The catalogue (SHEEC) 1000-1899 and the Greek part of 1900-2006 have been partially supported by the EC 7th framework programme project SHARE. Background Information The SHARE European Earthquake Catalogue (SHEEC) 1900-2006 is basically an excerpt of the European-Mediterranean Earthquake Catalogue (EMEC) by Grünthal & Wahlström (2012), the latter covering also historical time in a larger area. Minor differences between SHEEC and EMEC in this time period are described by Grünthal et al. (2013). In both catalogues., the magnitudes threshold is Mw = 3.5 for earthquake locations at latitudes ≥ 44° N and Mw = 4.0 at latitudes 〈 44° N. The parameters of the catalogue have been determined by: - special algorithms to select one out of several possible focal parameter solutions - location, time, depth (optional), Mw magnitude, and intensity - if given by different sources - transformation equations to calculate Mw, if not original, from other magnitude types according to a strict hierarchy - routines to eliminate fake and other non-tectonic events, and to avoid duplicates

Beschreibung: Gms-index-mediator is a standalone index for spatio-temporal data acting as a mediator between an application and a database. Even modern databases need several minutes to execute a spatio-temporal query to huge tables containing several million entries. Our index-mediator speeds the execution of such queries up by several magnitues, resulting in response times around 100ms. This version is tailored towards the GeoMultiSens database, but can be adapted to work with custom table layouts with reasonable effort.

Beschreibung: Imaging the internal structure of faults remains challenging using conventional seismometers. Here, the authors use deployed fibre-optic cables to obtain strain data and identify faults and volcanic dykes in Iceland. Such fibre-optic networks are pervasive for telecommu-nication and could be used for hazard assessment. Natural hazard prediction and efficient crustal exploration requires dense seismic observa-tions both in time and space. Seismological techniques provide ground-motion data, whose accuracy depends on sensor characteristics and spatial distribution. In the manuscript Jousset et al. (2018), we demonstrate that strain determination is possible with conventional fibre-optic cables deployed for telecommunication. Extending recently distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) studies, we present high resolution spatially un-aliased broadband strain data. We recorded seismic signals from natural and man-made sources with 4-m spacing along a 15-km-long fibre-optic cable layout on Reykjanes Peninsula, SW Iceland.

Beschreibung: The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy. IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) between 1997 and 2015 to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. As a new addition to this network, the iGrav-027 superconducting gravimeter had been installed at the Borowa Gora Geodetic-Geophysical Observatory which has been established in late 1930s. Continuous time-varying gravity and atmospheric pressure data from the SGs at Borowa Gora are integrated in the IGETS data base hosted by ISDC (Information System and Data Center) at GFZ. Borowa Gora Geodetic-Geophysical Observatory is located in Poland, situated 50 km north of Warsaw (longitude: 21.0359 E, latitude: 52.2755 N, height above MSL: 109 m). The operation and maintenance of the Borowa Gora instrumentation is done by staff of the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography. The shortest distance to the Baltic Sea coastline is approx. 240 km. The area is located in a tectonically quiet zone. Geologically the situation is not well recognized, a significant size artificial reservoir is located within 1-2 km from the Observatory. The environment is a not significantly urbanized area with visible daily seismicity. The climate at this place has rough winters (up to -20 degrees Celsius) and hot summers (up to 35 degrees Celsius). The iGrav-027 is located in a specially prepared chamber in the basement of one of the Observatory buildings. It is separated from the compressor operating in a separate room. The location of the gravimeter ensures a relatively stable temperature of 21°C ±2°C throughout the year. The instrument is placed on a specially prepared concrete monument of 1.2 × 1.2 m horizontal and 1.5 m vertical dimensions (ca 1.3 m deep below floor level). The sensor of the instrument is located about 2 m below ground level, and the position and height of the instrument has been determined with a centimetre accuracy, before the installation. The iGrav-027 is co-located in the same building with the A10-020 absolute gravimeter. There are three well monumented pillars for absolute gravity determinations, which can be conducted along with the operating iGrav-027 (e.g. for the comparison with absolute gravimeters). In the vicinity of the observatory several further pillars were set up for various other geodetic antennas and instrumentation. Borowa Gora is a geodynamic observatory comprising space techniques and ground instruments. The iGrav-027 operation started at the end of April 2016, official start is assigned as from 1th of May 2016. Since that time the time series is carried out without interruption up to present. The time sampling of the pre-processed gravity and barometric pressure data of IGETS Level 2 is 1 minute. Level 2 data is derived from Level 1 data corrected for small gaps, major earthquakes and jumps. In addition, Borowa Gora is equipped with auxiliary data supporting the interpretation of the SG measurements, which is, however, not provided in the IGETS data base due to complexity. These are a local network of hydrological and meteorological sensors as well as two permanent GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) stations BOGO and BOGI. Additionally magnetic field variations are also recorded.

Beschreibung: The database presented here contains radiogenic neodymium and strontium isotope ratios measured on both terrestrial and marine sediments. It was compiled to help assessing sediment provenance and transport processes for various time intervals. This can be achieved by either mapping sediment isotopic signature and/or fingerprinting source areas using statistical tools (see supplemental references). The database has been built by incorporating data from the literature and the SedDB database and harmonizing the metadata, especially units and geographical coordinates. The original data were processed in three steps. Firstly, a specific attention has been devoted to provide geographical coordinates to each sample in order to be able to map the data. When available, the original geographical coordinates from the reference (generally DMS coordinates, with different precision standard) were transferred into the decimal degrees system. When coordinates were not provided, an approximate location was derived from available information in the original publication. Secondly, all samples were assigned a set of standardized criteria that help splitting the dataset in specific categories. We defined categories associated with the sample location ("Region", "Sub-region", "Location", which relate to location at continental to city/river scale) or with the sample types (terrestrial samples – “aerosols”, “soil sediments”, “river sediments” - or marine samples –“marine sediment” or “trap sample”). Thirdly, samples were discriminated according to their deposition age, which allowed to compute average values for specific time intervals (see attached table "Age_determination_Sediment_Cores.csv"). The dataset will be updated bi-annually and might be extended to reach a global geographical extent and/or add other type of samples. This dataset contains two csv tables: "Dataset_Nd_Sr_isotopes.csv" and "Age_determination_Sediment_Cores.csv". "Dataset_Nd_Sr_isotopes.csv" contains the assembled dataset of marine and terrestrial Nd and/or Sr concentration and isotopes, together with sorting criteria and geographical locations. "Age_determination_Sediment_Cores.csv" contains all background information concerning the determination of the isotopic signature of specific time intervals (depth interval, number of samples, mean and standard deviation). Column headers are explained in respective metadata comma-separated files. A human readable data description is provided in portable document format, as well. Finally, R code for mapping the data and running statistical analyses is also available for this dataset (see supplemental references).

Beschreibung: The East Pamir seismic network was located on the eastern flank of the Pamir highlands and in the foreland of the adjacent Tarim Basin of western China. It was in operation between August 2015 and May 2017 and consisted of 30 broad band, 3-component seismometers of type Güralp CMG-3ESP or Nanometrics Trillium 120. The data were recorded using Earth Data PS6-24 "EDL" recorders, continuously at a sample rate of 100Hz, with an average station distance of ~20km. The network was designed to augment the earlier TIPAGE and TIPTIMON seismic networks.The principal aim of the network was to characterize the current deformation field in the region. It further recorded the 2015 M7.2 Sarez earthquake. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 8H, and are embargoed until January 2021.

Beschreibung: This dataset provides friction data from ring-shear tests (RST) for a quartz sand (type “G23”). This material is used in various types of analogue experiments in the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam for simulating brittle rocks in the upper crust (e,g. Kenkmann et al., 2007; Contardo et al., 2011; Reiter et al., 2011;Warsitzka et al., 2013; Santimano,et al., 2015; Warsitzka et al., 2015; Ritter et al., 2016; 2018 a,b). The material has been characterized by means of internal friction coefficients µ and cohesions C. According to our analysis the material shows a Mohr-Coulomb behaviour characterized by a linear failure envelope and peak, dynamic and reactivation friction coefficients of µP = 0.73, µD = 0.57 and µR = 0.65, respectively. Cohesions C are in the order of 10 – 120 Pa. The material shows a minor rate-weakening of 〈1% per ten-fold change in shear velocity v.

Beschreibung: The German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ operates a satellite-receiving station at Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen since 2001. Valuable support for several satellite missions was provided by the station on a best effort basis, while technical and software related issues, as well as uncertainties regarding important system properties, hindered any project participations with more binding commitments. The upcoming US-German GRACE-Follow On satellite mission with on-board GNSS-RO and gravity measurements and subsequent “near real-time” respectively low latency processing chains raised the demand to integrate the Ny-Ålesund station as the primary data receiving station of the mission’s ground segment. This required the demonstration of improved station performance and reliability with a perspective of sustainability as well as the determination of important antenna system parameters, such as the ratio of antenna gain to system noise (G/T). Analysis of receiving problems at the station in the past and considerations on methods to determine the station antennas characteristics suggested that improved antenna operation software was the most important and straightforward element on the planned way. Disappointing experiences with antenna operation programs of third parties, e.g., from shortcomings of functions, flexibility and support, indicated that the effort for an in-house development would pay off. Consequently new software for the semi-automatic operation of the antennas at the satellite receiving station at Ny-Ålesund was developed within this work. Main development objectives were the elimination of antenna operation problems which occurred in the past, to improve the station reliability, and to introduce program features for the support of required antenna measurements, e.g., such that use the sun as a natural radio signal source. Other focal points during the development were the program-internal timing routines, a compact, informative and operation-safe graphical user interface (GUI) and advanced operation logging features. Lessons learned by the operation of software from other parties in the years since 2001 were respected and even some hardware related issues with the antenna systems at Ny-Ålesund were solved by means of the new software. The new software “NYA-Sattrack” provides all required and desired functions, including some unconventional features. One example is the option to use two different external satellite orbit prediction programs and two sets of prediction elements (twoline elements). An operator can switch between the corresponding pass predictions at any time, even during a satellite contact with already moving antenna. This might be useful, e.g., in a Launch and Early Orbit Phase (LEOP), when different predictions from different sources and with uncertain quality have to be used. Another example is the generation of graphical logs for each satellite contact. An operator can check these logs very fast and simultaneously with normal, text-based logs through a built-in log-viewer function. An eventually desired adaptation to other antenna system types with different technical properties is explicitly supported by the software design as all antenna-specific program code is allocated to individual software interface modules (Dynamic Link Libraries). The new program “NYA-GPS-SYNC” maintains the accuracy of the antenna operation computer clock to support precise operation timing. The two different antenna positioning systems (Elevation over Azimuth and X over Y) of the satellite-receiving station at Ny-Ålesund are operated routinely with NYA-Sattrack since July 2014 and each of the antennas tracks more than 25 satellite passes per day. The number of outages related to antenna operation issues and the manual effort for the operation of the antennas has decreased significantly since introduction of NYA-Sattrack. The new program features of NYA-Sattrack, e.g., such as the sun-tracking mode combined with scan modes, strongly supported the determination of important antenna system characteristics and the detection of a source of radio interference. All achievements of this work have a benefit for supported missions, e.g., due to a better knowledge about technical boundary conditions for contact planning and less data losses during data reception. NYA-Sattrack significantly improved the reliability, efficiency and sustainability to support current and future satellite missions and the Ny-Ålesund ground station is ready to work as the primary downlink station for the GRACE-FO mission, due for launch in February 2018.

Beschreibung: Das Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ betreibt seit 2001 eine Satelliten-Empfangsstation bei Ny-Ålesund auf Spitzbergen. Die Station hat, so gut es ging, wertvolle Dienste für etliche Satellitenmissionen geleistet. Verbindliche Verpflichtungen in Projekten konnten aber, wegen hard- und softwaretechnischer Probleme und den nur unsicher bekannten Leistungsparametern der Station, nicht eingegangen werden. Die aufkommende US-amerikanisch-deutsche GRACE-Follow On Satellitenmission für GNSS-RO- und Schwerefeldmessungen und die sich daran anschließenden nahe-Echtzeit Datenverarbeitungsketten führten zu dem Wunsch, die Ny-Ålesund Station als primäre Empfangsstation im Bodensegment der Mission zu integrieren. Dies erforderte den Nachweis von verbesserten Betriebseigenschaften, sowie verbesserter Betriebszuverlässigkeit und Zukunftssicherheit, und die Bestimmung wichtiger Antennenparameter, wie dem Verhältnis von Antennengewinn zu Systemrauschen (G/T). Analysen zu Empfangsproblemen an der Station in der Vergangenheit und Überlegungen zur Bestimmung der Antennencharakteristika legten nahe, dass der wichtigste und direkteste Schritt auf diesem Weg eine verbesserte Software für den Betrieb der Antennen sein würde. Wegen in verschiedener Hinsicht enttäuschenden Erfahrungen mit Antennenbetriebssoftware von Dritten, z.B. wegen unzureichenden Funktionen und mangelnder Flexibilität und Unterstützung, wurde angenommen, dass sich der Aufwand für eine eigene Programmentwicklung auszahlen würde. Infolgedessen wurde mit dieser Arbeit eine neue Software für den halb-automatischen Betrieb der Antennen an der Satelliten-Empfangsstation Ny-Ålesund entwickelt. Die wichtigsten Punkte dabei waren die Lösung der in der Vergangenheit beobachteten Betriebsprobleme mit den Antennen, bzw. die Verbesserung der Zuverlässigkeit der Station, und Funktionen für Messungen an und mit den Antennen, z.B. mit Nutzung der Sonne als natürliche Quelle für Radiosignale. Andere Schwerpunkte der Entwicklung waren die zeitlichen Abläufe im Programm, eine kompakte, informative und betriebssichere graphische Nutzerschnittstelle (GUI) und erweiterte Möglichkeiten zum Protokollieren (Loggen) des Betriebs. Dabei wurden die seit 2001 mit dem Betrieb von extern beschaffter Software gemachten Erfahrungen berücksichtigt und sogar durch Hardware verursachte Probleme beim Betrieb der Antennen in Ny-Ålesund durch die neue Software gelöst. Das neue Programm „NYA-Sattrack“ stellt alle benötigten und gewünschten Funktionen bereit, inklusive einiger ungewöhnlicher Funktionen. Ein Beispiel ist die Möglichkeit zur Nutzung von zwei unterschiedlichen externen Programmen zur Bahnvorhersage mit unterschiedlichen Bahnelementen (twoline elements). Ein Operator kann so jederzeit zwischen den beiden entsprechenden Bahnvorhersagen wechseln, sogar während eines Satellitenkontakts mit sich bereits bewegenden Antennen. Dies könnte z.B. in der ersten Zeit nach einem Satellitenstart nützlich sein, wenn unterschiedliche Bahnberechnungen mit unsicherer Genauigkeit von unterschiedlichen Quellen verwendet werden müssen. Ein anderes Beispiel ist die Erzeugung graphischer Logs für die einzelnen Satellitenkontakte. Diese Logs lassen sich von einem Operator sehr schnell überprüfen, durch eine integrierte Anzeigefunktion sogar zusammen mit den textbasierten Logdateien. Eine möglicherweise gewünschte Anpassung des Programms für andere Antennen mit unterschiedlichen Betriebseigenschaften wird dadurch unterstützt, dass antennenspezifischer Programmcode in Programmerweiterungen (Dynamic Link Libraries) platziert wurde. Das neue Programm “NYA-GPS-SYNC” kontrolliert die Uhr des Computers für die Antennensteuerung und sorgt so für einen zeitlich präzisen Betrieb. Die beiden unterschiedlichen Antennenpositionierungssysteme an der Satelliten- Empfangsstation Ny-Ålesund (Elevation über Azimut und X über Y) werden seit Juli 2014 routinemäßig mit NYA-Sattrack betrieben. Jede der beiden Antennen bedient mehr als 25 Satellitenkontakte pro Tag. Seit der Einführung von NYA-Sattrack haben betriebsbedingte Ausfälle stark abgenommen, ebenso der manuelle Aufwand zum Betrieb der Antennen. Die neuen Funktionen von NYA-Sattrack, wie z.B. das Verfolgen der Sonne mit einer Antenne in Kombination mit speziellen Bewegungsmustern, haben die Bestimmung wichtiger Antennenparameter und das Erkennen einer funktechnischen Störquelle ermöglicht. Alle erzielten Ergebnisse nützen indirekt auch den unterstützten Missionen, z.B. durch bessere Kenntnis der technischen Randbedingungen für die Planung von Kontakten und geringere Datenverluste beim Datenempfang. NYA-Sattrack hat die Zuverlässigkeit, Effektivität und Nachhaltigkeitsperspektive der Station für die Unterstützung aktueller und zukünftiger Satellitenmissionen stark verbessert, so dass diese nun für den geplanten Einsatz als primäre Empfangsstation für GRACE-FO bereit ist (geplanter Start im Februar 2018).

Beschreibung: The HMC (Hourly Magnetospheric Currents) index measures the activity of large-scale magnetospheric currents on Earth's surface from 1900 to 2015. It resolves the absolute intensity of low-frequency variations, especially at periods relevant to the solar cycle, more robustly than existing geomagnetic indices. HMC is based on hourly means of vector magnetic field measurements from 34 mid latitude geomagnetic observatories obtained from WDC Edinburgh (http://www.wdc.bgs.ac.uk/catalog/master.html). This data has been manually revised to correct for spikes, jumps and drifts. A detailed description of the derivation method is given in Pick et al., 2018 to which these data are supplementary material.

Beschreibung: The Sarez Pamir aftershock seismic network was installed two months after the 7 December 2015, Mw7.2 Sarez Pamir earthquake in the eastern Pamir highland of Tajikistan. In the first recording period until September 2016, the stations were distributed along the Sarez-Karakul fault system. In September 2016 part of the stations were moved into the southern Pamir. In total the network consisted of eight stations on 13 sites, equipped with broad band, 3-component seismometers of type Trillium Compact. The data were recorded using Earth Data recorders (EDR), recording was continuous at a sample rate of 100Hz.The principal aim of the network was to record the aftershock sequence of the Sarez earthquake and to augment the coeval East Pamir China seismic network and the earlier TIPAGE and TIPTIMON seismic networks. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 9H, and are embargoed until January 2021.

Beschreibung: The dataset includes movies of 29 analogue experiments performed to investigate the effects on dike propagation by the following imposed parameters: density ratio between host-rock and magma analogues, rigidity layering and density layering of the host medium, flow rate and topography. The purpose of the experiments is to define a hierarchy of all the parameters considered, by varying systematically each of them, comparing semi-quantitatively the variations on dike geometry and velocity. Experimental setup The experimental set-up consists of a 33 × 58 × 38.5 cm3 Plexiglas box and a peristaltic pump that injects water (magma analogue) into pig-skin gelatin (crustal analogue) alternatively from the bottom (Set 1) and the side of the box (Set 2). The gelatin rheological properties are varied by mixing different concentrations of gelatin powder and NaCl. We refer to “rigidity layering” when the rigidity ratio (i.e. Young’s Modulus) between the upper and lower layer (Eu/El) is 〈 or 〉 1, and to “density layering” when Eu/El ~ 1, but the two layers show different densities (i.e. the ratio between the density of the upper and lower layer, ρU/ρL). The experiments with topography are prepared by imposing a mold with gently inward dipping flanks (2.4° and 3.7°) on the opposite sides of the box separated by a 8 cm wide horizontal plain on the gelatin surface. This configuration simulates the 2-D along-strike topography of the 2014 Bardarbunga intrusion (Iceland) and allows investigating the role of two opposite slopes on dike propagation. The topography profile dips parallel to the long side of the Plexiglas box (x axis in Figure 1 of Urbani et al. 2018). The flow rate has been changed between 0.079 and 0.435 ml/s. For the details about the model set-up, experimental results and interpretation refer to Urbani et al. (2018). The time-lapse movies show the time evolution of the dike shape, in side and map view, of 29 out of 33 models presented in Urbani et al. (2018). It is recommended to open the films with the VLC media player. The time-lapse of each experiment is indicated in the bottom left corner. A full list of files is given in “Experiments_Summary_2018-012.pdf” in which Set 1 (bottom injection) and Set 2 (lateral injection) experiments are indicated in red and blue color respectively. The same file also provides a summary of the boundary conditions imposed in each experiment. Tu and Tl indicate the thickness of the upper and lower layer respectively.

Beschreibung: PyRQA is a tool to conduct recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) and to create recurrence plots in a massively parallel manner using the OpenCL framework. It is designed to process very long time series consisting of hundreds of thousands of data points efficiently.

Beschreibung: The dataset contains minute mean values of the geomagnetic field expressed as northward component X, eastward component Y, and vertical (downward) component Z as measured at the geomagnetic observatory Villa Remedios, Bolivia, for January 2013. Villa Remedios (preliminary code VRE) is operated in cooperation by the university Universidad Mayor de San Andrés in La Paz, Bolivia, and GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences since the end of 2002. The observatory is not yet an INTERMAGNET observatory and so far, no data has been submitted to any World Data Centre for Geomagnetism. However, preliminary geomagnetic data (minute means) from Villa Remedios are available upon request from GFZ. Please note that a dataset based on the data provided here will be submitted to the WDC for Geomagnetism at a later stage and might differ slightly due to calibration and removal of outliers. Villa Remedios is located about 650 km south of the magnetic equator and about 930 km south-east of the geomagnetic observatory Huancayo (IAGA code HUA, Peru). This makes VRE a suitable observatory to be used in conjunction with HUA to isolate and study the equatorial electrojet signal at Huancayo. The data file is in ASCII format and contains blank-separated the year (YYYY), the month (MM), the day (DD), the time (UTC) in the format hh.mm, the X component in nanotesla (nT), the Y component in nT, the vertical component Z in nT, the total geomagnetic field F in nT measured with an independent, auxiliary scalar magnetometer, and, finally, the difference (in nT) between F measured with the auxiliary scalar magnetometer and the total field calculated from the components X, Y and Z. Components X, Y and Z are measured with an FGE variometer (serial number S0199, E0213 built by DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark) and in this data file, they are preliminarily calibrated and given in nanotesla (nT). These values are minute means and filtered from spot readings by an INTERMAGNET Gauss-shaped filter. The scalar magnetometer is a GSM90F1 by Gemsys, Canada. The data logger is a Flare+ by British Geological Survey. Geomagnetic observatories are described in e.g. Jankowski and Sucksdorf (1996), in Matzka et al., (2010) and Matzka (2016).

Beschreibung: This publication contains tools for statistical evaluation and exploration of data published by Radosavljevic et al. (2016). These data contain bulk geochemistry data (total organic carbon, nitrogen, stable carbon isotope) and granulometry of nearshore samples in the vicinity of Herschel Island, Yukon, Canadian Beaufort Sea. In addition, the functions of the script herein provide a means for summaries and comparison with terrestrial (Couture, 2010; Tanski et al., 2017; Obu et al., 2016) and marine (a subset of Naidu et al., 2000) data. The tools are contained in a script written for the R software environment for statistical computing and graphics. The script (sediments_geochemistry_plots_and_summaries.r) is richly documented and explains the functionality. Each data file also contains a description of the data in a comma separated file (csv).

Beschreibung: We compile the GOCE-only satellite model GOSG01S complete to spherical harmonic degree of 220 using Satellite Gravity Gradiometry (SGG) data and the Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking (SST) observations along the GOCE orbit based on applying a least-squares analysis. The diagonal components (Vxx, Vyy, Vzz) of the gravitational gradient tensor are used to form the system of observation equations with the band-pass ARMA filter. The point-wise acceleration observations (ax, ay, az) along the orbit are used to form the system of observation equations up to the maximum spherical harmonic degree/order 130. The GOCE related satellite gravity models GOSG01S, GOTIM05S, GODIR05S, GOTIM04S, GODIR04S, GOSPW04S, JYY_GOCE02S, EIGEN-6C2 and EGM2008 are also validated by using GPS-leveling data in China and USA. According to the truncation at degree 200, the statistic results show that all GGMs have very similar differences at GPS-leveling points in USA, and all GOCE related gravity models have better performance than EGM2008 in China. This new model was developed by School of Geodesy and Geomatics (SGG) of Wuhan University (WHU) and Institute of Geodesy of University of Stuttgart. More details about the gravity field model GOSG01S is given in our paper “A GOCE only gravity model GOSG01S and the validation of GOCE related satellite gravity models ” (Xu X, Zhao Y, Reubelt T, et al. Geodesy and Geodynamics. 2017, 8(4): 260-272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2017.03.013). This work is supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 program, grant no.: 2013CB733301), the Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project (grant no.: 41210006).

Beschreibung: The present dataset is a comprehensive earthquake catalogue for the Northern Chile subduction zone forearc, determined from IPOC seismic station data (GFZ and CNRS-INSU 2006; http://doi.org/10.14470/PK615318) plus some auxiliary stations (IPOC = Integrated Plate Boundary Observatory Chile; http://www.ipoc-network.org). The method of automatized earthquake catalogue retrieval, the different relocation steps as well as the different earthquake class labels and the structures outlined by the seismicity are described in detail in Sippl et al. (2018). Unlike the catalogue that is supplied as a supplementary file with said paper, this record here will grow over the years, i.e. data from additional years beyond 2014, processed in the same way, will be added. The columns of the data files are: year, month, day, hour, minute, second, latitude [dec. degrees], longitude [dec. degrees], depth [km], magnitude [ML], identifier The identifier term provides a first-order spatial classification of the seismicity, an explanation is given in Table 1 of Sippl et al. (2018).

Beschreibung: This data set is the second part of a series reporting chemical data for accessory minerals from felsic igneous rocks. Most data refer to plutonic rocks from the Saxothuringian Zone of the Variscan Orogen (Erzgebirge−Vogtland metallogenic province) in Germany performed between about 1995 and 2005 on surface rocks and borehole samples. This data set assembles the results of electron-microprobe spot analyses of monazite-(Ce), xenotime-(Y) and zircon from the Li-mica granite massif of Eibenstock. This massif is composed of several, compositionally and texturally distinct sub-intrusions. Least evolved members of the fractionation series are exposed as variably sized enclaves. The pluton is cross-cut by fine-grained aplitic dikes. These late-Variscan (c. 318−320 Ma) granites are highly evolved, rich in Si (72.4-75.8 wt% SiO2), F, P, Li, Rb, Cs, and Sn, mildly to strongly peraluminous (A/CNK = 1.14−1.35), of transitional S−I-type affinity, and spatially and genetically associated with coeval significant Sn−W−(Mo) mineralization. Most notably, a comparatively large population of grains of all three species is distinguished by abnormal composition, reflecting the chemically evolved nature of their hosts. Probe data indicate that the composition of monazite-(Ce) and zircon changes with fractionation-driven evolution of magma chemistry. Monazite-(Ce) composition extends over an abnormally large range. In the course of magma differentiation, mineral chemistry evolves towards enrichment Th and U and development of flattened and kinked chondrite-normalized LREE patterns, with negative anomalies at La or Nd, or both (also known as lanthanide tetrad effect). Many grains are so rich in Th that they classify as cheralite-(Ce). The concentrations (in oxide wt%) of the radionuclides Th and U maximizes to 51.7 and 5.3, respectively. The maximum concentration of Y amounts to 4.7 wt% Y2O3. Composition of zircon displays a large variability. A greater number of grains or domains are distinguished by abnormal enrichment in (in oxide wt%) P (up to 9.6), Th (up to 12.2), U (up to 8.7), Hf (up to 5.6) Al (up to 2.2), Sc (up to 2.0), Y (up to 7.0), HREE and Y. Enrichment in these elements is usually associated with low analytical totals, reflecting precipitation from volatile-rich magmas and/or their interaction with, and alteration by, late-magmatic fluids. Xenotime-(Y) chemistry is comparatively little sensitive to changes of Eibenstock-magma composition relative to what has been observed for monazite-(Ce) and zircon. The U concentrations in xenotime-(Y) are generally high and maximize to 6.7 wt% UO2. Chondrite-normalized MREE and HREE patterns preferentially in xenotime-(Y) from more evolved magma batches mimic that of their host granites in that they are (a) inclined from Tb-Dy towards Lu, (b) partially evolved the lanthanide tetrad effect, and (c) display above-CHARAC Y/Ho ratios up to 41. The data set published here contains the complete pile of data acquired for these three accessory minerals. Data are provided as three separate excel files, one for each species (monazite-(Ce); xenotime-(Y); zircon). The data are described in detail in the associated data description file.

Beschreibung: Compilation of palaeomagnetic data from sediments and volcanic rocks from 68 sites spanning 30,000 to 50,000 years ago used to create the temporally continuous global spherical harmonic geomagnetic field model LSMOD.1. This is in supplement to the paper "Earth's magnetic field is (probably not reversing" (Brown et al. 2018) A description of how the data were treated is given in SI Appendix of the associated publication. A full list of complementary data sources (references) is given is provided with the data. ----------------- For the volcanics there is one file volc.txt The headers are: Age[ka] - age in thousands of years before present (0 = 1950 AD). Error[ka] - uncertainty on the age. Lat[Deg] - Latitude of site in degrees. Lon[Deg] - Longitude of site in degrees. Dec[Deg] - Declination in degrees. Inc[Deg] - Inclination in degrees. Alpha95[Deg] - 95% circular confidence limit on the directional data. F[microT] - intensity in micro Tesla. F_Error[microT] - uncertainy on the intensity in micro Tesla. -9999 - no data ----------------- For the sediments there are two types of files, those that end *.txt and those that end *int.txt. *.txt - directional data with the headers: Age[ka] - age in thousands of years before present (0 = 1950 AD). Lat[Deg] - Latitude of site in degrees. Lon[Deg] - Longitude of site in degrees. Dec[Deg] - Declination in degrees. Inc[Deg] - Inclination in degrees. -9999 - no data *int.txt - scaled intensity data using PADM2M (as described in Section S1.3 of SI Appendix) Age[ka] - age in thousands of years before present (0 = 1950 AD). Lat[Deg] - Latitude of site in degrees. Lon[Deg] - Longitude of site in degrees. F[microT] - Scaled intensity in micro Tesla. 6 of the sediment data sets are individual records (BLS, CHI, MIN, PYR, SIO, S01). 6 of the sediment data sets are stacks of records (BBS, NAS, NPS, OBS, SBS, SAS). All details of the records are given in Table S1 and Table S2 of the SI Appendix of the associated publication.

Beschreibung: The presented datasets and scripts have been obtained for testing the performance of a trigger algorithm for use in combination with a ringshear tester ‘RST-01.pc’. Glass beads (fused quartz microbeads, 300-400 µm diameter) and thai rice are sheared at varying velocity, stiffness and normal load. The data is provided as preprocessed mat-files ('*.mat') to be opened with Matlab R2015a and later. Several scripts are provided to reproduce the figures found in (Rudolf et al., submitted). A detailed list of files together with the respective software needed to view and execute them is available in 'List_of_Files_Rudolf-et-al-2018.pdf' (also available in MS Excel Format). More information on the datasets and a small documentation of the scripts is given in 'Explanations_Rudolf-et-al-2018.pdf'. The complete data publication, including all descriptions, datasets, and evaluation scripts is available as 'Dataset_Rudolf-et-al-2018.zip'.

Beschreibung: This dataset provides friction data from ring-shear tests (RST) for a quartz sand (“G12”). This material is used in various types of analogue experiments in the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam for simulating brittle rocks in the upper crust. The material has been characterized by means of internal friction coefficients µ and cohesions C. According to our analysis the material shows a Mohr-Coulomb behaviour characterized by a linear failure envelope and peak, dynamic and reactivation friction coefficients of µP = 0.69, µD = 0.55 and µR = 0.62, respectively. Cohesions C are in the order of 50 – 110 Pa. The material shows a minor rate-weakening of 〈1% per ten-fold change in shear velocity.

Beschreibung: The task of downloading comprehensive datasets of event-based seismic waveforms has been made easier through the development of standardised web services, but is still highly non-trivial, as the likelihood of temporary network failures or even worse subtle data errors naturally increase when the amount of requested data is in the order of millions of relatively short segments. This is even more challenging as the typical workflow is not restricted to a single massive download but consists of fetching all possible available input data (e.g., with several repeated download executions) for a processing stage producing any desired user-defined output. Here, we present stream2segment, a highly customisable Python 2+3 package helping the user through the whole workflow of downloading, inspecting and processing event-based seismic data by means of a relational database management system as archiving storage, which has clear performance and usability advantages. Stream2segment provides an integrated processing implementation able to produce any kind of user-defined output based on a configuration file and a user-defined Python function. Stream2segment can also produce diagnostic maps or user-defined plots which, unlike existing tools, do not require external software dependencies and are not static images but interactive browser-based applications ideally suited for data inspection or annotation tasks.