ALBERT

Note: Table of Contents: Airborne lidar for measurements of atmospheric gases and aerosols / Edward C. Browell. - Lidar observation of aerosol stratigication in the case of sea breeze circulation near the shore / I. Kolev, O. Parvanov, B. Kaprielov, E. Donev, D. Ivanov. - Laser radar observation of the fog by "Yamase Wind" from the Okhotsk sea / M. Jyumonji and H. Uchiyama. - An overview of lidar studies of the atmosphere at Pune, India / P. C. S. Devara, P. E. Raj, G. Pandithurai and S. Sharma. - Lidar activity in China / Huanling Hu. - Technique for determining atmospheric aerosol optical parameters by multi-wavelength laser sounding / A. P. Chaikovsky, V. N. Shcherbakov, S. B. Tauroginskaya. - Aerosol microphysical properties influence on lidar particle size retrieval / Y. Emery, C. Flesia, A. Mugnai. - Stratifications and size distributions of aerosols derived from simultaneous measurements with lidar and radiometers / Tadahiro Hayasaka, Yasuhiko Meguro, Yasuhiro Sasano and Tamio Takamura. - Retrieval of aerosol size distribution moments with multi-wavelength lidar / L. de Schoulepnikoff, B. Stein, R. Rairoux. - Dial and long-path measurements of pollution / Martin J. T. Milton. - Dial measurement of CH4, CO2, CO and N2O using a tunable IR source based on the Ti:Sapphire laser / Michihiro Uchiumi, Oi Choo Chee, Katsunori Muraoka, Mitsuno Maeda and Osamu Uchino. - Trace gas fluxes in the convective boundary layer observed with DIAL and Radar-RASS / C. Senff, M. Bauer, J. Bösenberg, G. Grabbe, G. Peters, T. Schaberl. - Remote Sensing of mass fluxes of trace gases in the boundary layer / Ch. Werner, R. Haus, F. Köpp and K. Schäfer. - Contrail observation by ground based scanning lidar / Volker Freudenthaler, Frank Homburg and Horst Jäger. - Airborne lidar and radiometric detection and analysis of chemical plumes / Edward E. Uthe. - Development of an imaging laser radar for long-range gas plume visualization / Thomas J. Kulp, Randall Kennedy, Michael Delong, and Darrel Garvis. - Numerical study of a pump and probe lidar experiment for in situ tropospheric measurements of the OH radical / A. Clappier, B. Calpini, E. Durieux, L. Fiorani, L. Jaquet, H. van den Bergh. - Iron Boltzmann factor lidar: proposed new remote seinsing technique for mesospheric temperature / Jerry A. Gelbwachs. - A new method for monitoring asbestos fiber aerosols by measuring polarization of scattered light: principle / Norihisa Hiromoto, Toshikazu Itabe, Ken-ichi Araki, and Shigeo Ito. - Dual-dial measurements of ozone profiles / Zhien Wang, Huanling Hu, Jun Zhou. - Three dimensional imaging at 10 km using a diode pumped soild state ladar / J. R. Brandt and T. D. Steiner. - High spectral resolution lidar measurements using an I2 absorption filter / E. W. Eloranta and P. Piironen. - Computer modeling of a lidar receiving system with a nanosecond resolution / D. V. Stoyanov and T. N. Dreischuh. - Lidar observation of the troposphere in Tokyo / Toshiyuki Murayama. - A program for the environmental monitoring by laser radar of Metro Manila, Philippines / Minella C. Alarcon. - Laser altimetry measurements of Okhotsk Sea Ice from an airplane / Mitsuno Ishizu, Tetsuro Aoki, Kohei Mizutani, Masao Takabe, Tosikazu Itabe. - Airborne lidar sensing of Lake Baikal water area / I. E. Penner and V. S. Shamanaev. - The Pacific '93 Aircraft Lidar Experiment / Raymond M. Hoff, Michael Harwood and Andrew Sheppard. - Lidar observation of turbulent structure in marine boundary layer / Susumu Yamagishi, Hiroshi Yamanouchi, and Masayuki Tsuchiya. - Analytical inversion method for the lidar equation: sensitivity to multiple scattering and particle shape / C. Flesia and A. Starkov. - Lidar sensing of aerosol optical parameters in lower troposphere / Yu. S. Balin and I. A. Razenkov. - Multi-wavelength laser sounding of the troposphere over continental regions / A. P. Chaikovsky, I. S. Hutko, A. P. Ivanov, F. P. Osipenko, V. N. Shcherbakov, S. B. Tauroginskaya. - Tropospheric aerosol measurements using Lidar, sunphotometer and particle counter / Tamio Takamura, Yasuhiro Sasano, and Tadahiro Hayasaka. - Wavelength dependence of aerosol optical parameters measured by a tuneable lidar / Ryoichi Toriumi and Hideo Tai and Hiroshi Okumura and Nobuo Takeuchi. - Aerosol extinction profiling with CO2-lidar / Arne Hågård and Rolf Persson. - High spectral resolution lidar measurements of particle size / E. W. Eloranta and P. Piironen. - Dial measurements of nitrogen dioxide based on solid-state lasers / Ryoichi Toriumi and Hideo Tai, Nobuo Takeuchi. - Airborne UV-Dial urban plume measurements / James L. McElroy, Curtis M. Edmonds, and Donald H. Bundy, Hans Moosmüller, Rudolpha M. Jorgensen, Raul J. Alvarez, II. - Surveillance of industrial emissions using lidar techniques / Hand Edner, Pär Ragnarson, and Eva Wallinder. - Lidar measurements of volcanic gas fluxes / Hans Edner, Pär Ragnarson, Sune Svanberg, and Eva Wallinder. - Extending the CO2 dial mapping capability. Observations of gaseous diffusion over complex terrain / S. Egert, D. Peri, J. Sivan, Y. Baungarten. - Studies the stratospheric aerosol layer by spectral-polarization lidar / A. P. Chaikovsky, A. P. Ivanov, F. P. Osipenko, V. N. Shcherbakov. - Theory of lidar using Modulation Interference Radar (MIR) and its fundamental experiments using super sonic waves / Motoharu Jinguuji, Sachio Ehara and Tohru Mogi. - Synthetic aperture laser radar for 10 µm-Band high -resolution imaging / Shin Yoshikado and Tadashi Aruga. - An ozone-aerosol lidar and a three-wavelength inversion technique / Qiu Jinhuan. - Measurement of depolarization and fluorescence of the cedar pollen for lidar application / Katsuya Kiuchi, Makoto Abo and Chikao Nagasawa. - Lidar studies of light scattering anisotropy in the atmosphere / B. V. Kaul, A. L. Kuznetsov and I. V. Samokhvalov. - Depolarization measurements with the high spectral resolution lidar / E. W. Eloranta and P. Piironen. - Lidar polarization measurements necessity in two cases of study of processes in the atmospheric planetary boundary layer / I. Kolev, O. Parvanov, B. Kaprielov. - Comparison of multiple scattering in cloud and fog / Yuici Okazaki, Kazuo Noguchi, Hiroshi Okumura, Nobuo Takeuchi. - Cloud microstructure effect on the lidar return with multiple scattering / E. P. Zege, I. L. Katsev, I. N. Polonsky, A. A. Kokhanovsky. - Measurements of upper tropospheric moisture with a raman lidar / Scott E. Bisson and J. E. M. Goldsmith, Anthony D. Del Genio. - Temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric water vapor / S. H. Melfi, Keith Evans, David Whiteman, and Richard Ferrare. - Temperature effect on water vapor measurements with CO2 differential absorption lidars / Avishai Ben-David. - Dial measurements of water vapor using two narrowband Ti:Sapphire lasers / Chikao Nagasawa, Makoto Abo, Kenji Kimiyama. - Water vapor DIAL using an Alexandrite regenerative amplifier / V. Wulfmeyer, J. Bösenberg. - A comparison of water vapor measurements made by Raman lidar and radiosondes / R. A. Ferrare, S. H. Melfi, D. N. Whiteman, K. D. Evans, F. J. Schmidlin. - Daytime raman lidar profiling of atmospheric water vapor / J. E. M. Goldsmith and Scott E. Bisson. - Scale invariant properties of water vapor measured by a raman lidar / Keith D. Evans, S. H. Melfi, R. A. Ferrare, D. N. Whiteman, A. Marshak and A. Davis. - Micro pulse lidar systems and applications / James Spinhirne. - Compact lidar systems for surface, ship-based, and airborne remote sensing of the atmosphere / R. M. Hardesty, C. J. Grund, W. L. Eberhard, B. J. Rye, and Y. Zhao. - All solid-state laser system for airborne water vapor concentration measurements in the stratosphere using the dial technique in the near infrared / G. Ehret, W. Renger, E. Murphy and Ch. Werner. - Overview of lidar activities at NASDA / Akira Kikuchi, Takashi Noguchi. - Extending the dynamic range of differential absorption lidar measure

Note: Chapter 1. Volcanic-Gas Studies: Methods, Results, and Applications by Robert B. Symonds, William I. Rose, Gregg J. S. Bluth, and Terrence M. Gerlach, p. 1 - 66 Chapter 2. Analytical Methods for Volatiles in Glasses by Phillip D. Ihinger, Richard L. Hervig, and Paul F. McMillan, p. 67 - 122 Chapter 3. Development of the Burnham Model for Prediction of H2O Solubility in Magmas by C. Wayne Burnham, p. 123 - 130 Chapter 4. Water Solubility and Speciation Models by Paul F. McMillan, p. 131 - 156 Chapter 5. Experimental Studies of Carbon Dioxide in Silicate Melts: Solubility, Speciation, and Stable Carbon Isotope Behavior by Jennifer G. Blank, and Richard A. Brooker, p. 157 - 186 Chapter 6. Application of Experimental Results to C-O-H Species in Natural Melts by John R. Holloway and Jennifer G. Blank, p. 187 - 230 Chapter 7. Solubilities of Sulfur, Noble Gases, Nitrogen, Chlorine, and Fluorine in Magmas by Michael R. Carroll and James D. Webster, p. 231 - 280 Chapter 8. Pre-Eruptive Volatile Contents of Magmas by Marie C. Johnson, Alfred T. Anderson, Jr., and Malcolm J. Rutherford, p. 281 - 330 Chapter 9. The Effect of H2O, CO2 and F on the Density and Viscosity of Silicate Melts by Rebecca A. Lange, p. 331 - 370 Chapter 10. Diffusion in Volatile-Bearing Magmas by E. Bruce Watson, p. 371 - 412 Chapter 11a. Physical Aspects of Magmatic Degassing I. Experimental and Theoretical Constraints on Vesiculation by R. Stephen J. Sparks, Jenni Barclay, Claude Jaupart, Heidy M. Mader, and J. C. Phillips, p. 413 - 446 Chapter 11b. Physical Aspects of Magmatic Degassing II. Constraints on Vesiculation Processes from Textural Studies of Eruptive Products by Katherine V. Cashman, and Margaret T. Mangan, p. 447 - 478 Chapter 12. Earth Degassing and Large-Scale Geochemical Cycling of Volatile Elements by Albert Jambon, p. 479 - 518

Note: CONTENTS Forewordv Chapter 1 Introduetion Chapter 2 Review of Underlying Mathematical Techniques 2.1 Vectors, Matrices, and Least Squares 2.2 Probability and Random Processes Chapter 3 Linear Dynamic Systems 3.1 State-Space Notation 3.2 Transition Matrix 3.3 Matrix Superposition Integral 3.4 Discrete Formulation 3.5 System Observability and Controllability 3.6 Covariance Matrix 3.7 Propagation of Errors 3.8 Modeling and State Vector Augmentation 3.9 Empirical Model Identification Chapter 4 Optimal Linear Filtering 4.1 Recursive Filters 4.2 Discrete Kalman Filter 4.3 Continuous Kalman Filter 4.4 Intuitive Concepts 4.5 Correlated Measurement Errors 4.6 Solution of the Riccati Equation 4.7 Statistical Steady State - The Wiener Filter Chapter 5 Optimal Linear Smoothing 5.1 Form of the Optimal Smoother 5.2 Optimal Fixed-Interval Smoother 5.3 Optimal Fixed-Point Smoother 5.4 Optimal Fixed-Lag Smoother Chapter 6 Nonlinear Estimation 6.1 Nonlinear Minimum Variance Estimation 6.2 Nonlinear Estimation by Statistical Linearization 6.3 Nonlinear Least-Squares Estimation 6.4 Direct Statistical Analysis of Nonlinear Systems - CADET Chapter 7 Suboptimal Filter Design and Sensitivity Analysis 7.1 Suboptimal Filter Design 7.2 Sensitivity Analysis: Kalman Filter 7.3 Sensitivity Analysis Examples 7.4 Developing an Error Budget 7.5 Sensitivity Analysis: Optimal Smoother 7.6 Organization of a Computer Program for Covariance Analysis Chapter 8 Implementation Considerations 8.1 Modeling Problems 8.2 Constraints Imposed by the Computer 8.3 The Inherently Finite Nature of the Computer 8.4 Algorithms and Computer Loading Analysis Chapter 9 Additionel Topics 9.1 Adaptive Kalman Filtering 9.2 Observers 9.3 Stochastic Approximation 9.4 Real-Time Parameter Identification 9.5 Optimal Control of Linear Systems Index

Note: CONTENTS: 1 The Soil Solid Phase. - 1.1 Characteristics of the Primary Particles. - 1.1.1 Characterization of Particle Size. - 1.1.2 Classification of Textural Size Fractions. - 1.1.3 Chemical and Mineralogical Properties. - Sand and Silt Fraction. - Clay Fraction. - 1.1.4 Shape of Soil Particles. - 1.1.5 Surface Area of Soil Particles. - Relationship to Particle Size. - Relationship to Clay Mineralogy. - 1.1.6 Surface Properties of Clay Particles. - Density of Charge. - Ionic Adsorption. - Cation Adsorption. - Diffuse Double Layer. - Cation Exchange Equations. - Anion Adsorption. - Adsorption of Nonelectrolytes. - Ion Adsorption and Flocculation. - Adsorption Isotherms. - Adsorption of Gases. - Measurement of Specific Surface Area. - Measurement of Cation Exchange Capacity. - 1.2 Characteristics of Bulk Soil. - 1.2.1 Volume Fractions. - 1.2.2 Bulk and Mineral Densities. - Measurement of Bulk Density. - 1.2.3 Soil Structure. - Aggregation. - Aggregate Analysis. - Stability of Structure. - Problems. - 2 Water Retention in Soil. - 2.1 Properties of Water. - 2.1.1 Molecular Properties of Water. - 2.1.2 Fluid Properties of Water. - Thermal and Mechanical Properties. - Surface Tension and Interfacial Curvature. - Contact Angle. - Capillary Rise. - Viscosity. - Osmotic Pressure. - 2.1.3 Water Near Particle Surfaces. - 2.2 Soil Water Content. - 2.2.1 Definitions. - 2.2.2 Measurement of Soil Water Content. - Measurement of [Theta]g. - Measurement of [Theta]v by Mass and Volume Estimation. - Measurement of [Theta]v by Gamma Ray Attenuation. - Measurement of [Theta]v by Neutron Attenuation. - Measurement of [Theta]v by Time Domain Reflectometry. - 2.3 Energy State of Water in Soil. - 2.3.1 Potential Energy of Water in Soil. - 2.3.2 Reference or Standard State. - 2.3.3 Total Soil Water Potential. - 2.3.4 Components of Water Potential. - Gravitational Potential. - Solute Potential. - Tensiometer Pressure Potential. - Matric Potential. - Air Pressure Potential. - Hydrostatic Pressure Potential. - Overburden Pressure Potential. - Wetness Potential. - 2.4 Analysis of Systems at Equilibrium. - 2.5 Measurements of Components of Water Potential. - 2.5.1 Direct Measurement of Potential Components. - 2.5.2 Measurement Devices. - Piezometer Tube. - Tensiometer. - Soil Psychrometer. - 2.6 Water Characteristic Function. - 2.6.1 Measurement. - Hanging Water Column. - Pressure Plate. - Equilibration over Salt Solutions. - 2.6.2 Hysteresis in Water Content-Energy Relationships. - 2.7 Appendix: Gamma Ray Attenuation. - 2.7.1 Transmission through a Pure Substance i. - 2.7.2 Transmission through a Heterogeneous Material. - 2.7.3 Transmission through Soil. - Problems. - 3 Water Movement in Soil. - 3.1 Water Flow in Capillary Tubes. - 3.1.1 Poiseuille's Law. - 3.2 Water Flow in Saturated Soil. - 3.2.1 Darcy's Law. - 3.2.2 Measurement of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity. - 3.2.3 Calculation of Hydrostatic Pressure in Soil Columns. - 3.2.4 Water Flow in Saturated Layered Soil. - 3.3 Water Flow in Unsaturated Soil. - 3.3.1 Buckingham-Darcy Flux Law. - 3.3.2 Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity. - 3.3.3 Capillary Tube Model of Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity. - 3.3.4 Steady-State Water Flow Problems. - Integral Form of Darcy's Law. - Evaporation from a Water Table. - Steady-State Downward Water Flow. - Measurement of Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity. - 3.3.5 Water Conservation Equation. - 3.3.6 Richards Equation for Transient Water Flow. - Water Content Form of Richards Equation. - Matric Potential Form of Richards Equation. - Water Diffusivity Function Dw([Theta]). - Water Capacity Function Cw([Theta]). - 3.3.7 Model Functional Forms. - 3.3.8 Water Flow Calculations in Unsaturated Soil. - Steady-State Water Flow through a Crop Root Zone. - Water Flow through Unsaturated Layered Soil. - 3.4 Multidimensional Flow. - 3.5 Appendix: Solution of First-Order Ordinary Differential Equations. - 3.5.1 Method 1: Separation of Variables. - 3.5.2 Method 2: Integrating Factors. - Problems. - 4 The Field Soil Water Regime. - 4.1 Field Water Balance. - 4.1.1 Analysis of Field Water Content and Matric Potential Profiles. - 4.1.2 Equilibrium and Steady-State Profiles. - 4.1.3 Transient Flow Processes in the Field. - 4.2 Infiltration. - 4.2.1 Empirical Infiltration Models. - Kostiakov Equation. - Horton Equation. - 4.2.2 Green-Ampt Infiltration Model. - 4.2.3 Philip Infiltration Model. - Horizontal Infiltration. - Vertical Infiltration. - 4.2.4 Infiltration into Nonhomogeneous Soil Profiles. - 4.2.5 Infiltration When RainfallIs Limiting. - 4.2.6 Two- and Three-Dimensional Infiltration. - 4.3 Redistribution. - 4.3.1 Redistribution of Water in Soil Profiles. - 4.3.2 Field Capacity Concept. - 4.4 Field Measurement of Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity. - 4.5 Water Flow through Structural Voids. - 4.6 Evaporation. - Problems. - 5 The Soil Thermal Regime. - 5.1 Atmospheric Energy Balance. - 5.1.1 Extraterrestrial Radiation. - Stefan-Boltzmann Law. - Energy-Wavelength Laws. - 5.1.2 Solar Radiation. - Interactions with Atmosphere. - Net Radiation. - 5.1.3 Physical Factors Affecting Solar Radiation. - Albedo. - Latitude. - Exposure. - Distribution of Land and Water. - Vegetation. - 5.2 Soil Surface Energy Balance. - 5.2.1 Energy Balance Equation. - Components of Energy Balance. - 5.2.2 Measurement of Evapotranspiration. - Aerodynamic Transport Equations. - Penman Combination Equation. - 5.3 Heat Flow in Soil. - 5.3.1 Heat Flux Equation. - 5.3.2 Heat Conservation Equation. - 5.3.3 Thermal Properties of Soil. - Heat Capacity. - Thermal Conductivity. - Measurement of Thermal Conductivity. - 5.3.4 Applications of Heat Flow Equation. - Steady-State Heat Flow Problems. - Annual Temperature Changes in Soil. - 5.3.5 Soil Temperature Observations. - Diurnal Variations. - Annual Variations. - Problems. - 6 Soil Aeration. - 6.1 Composition of Soil Air. - 6.2 Gas Reactions In Soil. - 6.2.1 CO2 Production in Soil. - 6.2.2 O2 Consumption in Soil. - 6.3 Gas Transport through Soil. - 6.3.1 Gas Conservation Equation. - 6.3.2 Gas Convection in Soil. - Temperature Effects. - Barometric Pressure Effects. - Wind Effects. - Rainfall Effects. - Mass Flow of Gases into Buildings. - 6.3.3 Gas Diffusion. - Measurement of Gas Diffusion Coefficients in Soil. - Measurement of Gas Flux in Field. - 6.3.4 Gas Transport Equation. - 6.4 Gas Transport Modeling in Soil. - 6.4.1 Steady-State O2 Transport and Consumption. - 6.4.2 Steady-State and Transient CO2 Transport and Evolution. - 6.4.3 O2 Depletion at the Plant Root Interface. - 6.5 Flow of Water Vapor through Soil. - 6.5.1 Water Vapor Flux Equation. - 6.5.2 Approximate Water Vapor Flux Law. - 6.6 Measurement of O2 Diffusion and Consumption in Soil. - Problems. - 7 Solute Transport in Soil. - 7.1 Solute Conservation Equation. - 7.1.1 Solute Storage in Soil. - 7.1.2 Solute Flux through Soil. - 7.1.3 Convection-Dispersion Model of Hydrodynamic Dispersion. - 7.2 Convection-Dispersion Equation. - 7.2.1 Transport of Inert, Nonadsorbing Solutes. - Breakthrough Time. - Effect of Dispersion. - Drainage Breakthrough Curves. - Transport of Pulses through Soil. - 7.2.2 Transport of Inert, Adsorbing Chemicals. - Adsorption Isotherms. - Breakthrough Time. - Effect of Dispersion. - 7.2.3 Effect of Soil Structure on Transport. - Mobile-Immobile Water Model. - 7.2.4 Reactions of Chemicals in Soil. - First-Order Decay. - Convection-Dispersion Equation and First-Order Decay. - Piston Flow Model and First-Order Decay. - 7.2.5 Transport of Volatile Organic Compounds through Soil. - Phase Partitioning Laws. - Linear Partitioning Laws. - Effective Liquid-Vapor Diffusion. - Total Solute Flux. - Volatilization of Chemicals from Soil. - 7.3 Transfer Function Model of Solute Transport through Soil. - 7.3.1 Solute Transport Volume. - 7.3.2 Solute Lifetime and Travel Time Distribution Functions. - 7.3.3 Transfer Function Equation. - 7.3.4 Measurement of Transfer Function Parameters. - 7.3.5 Model Distribution Func

Note: Contents: 44. Selaginellaceae / P. J. Stafford. - 45. Oleaceae / W. Punt, J. A. A. Bos and P. P. Hoen. - 46. Geraniaceae / P. J. Stafford and S. Blackmore. - 47. Juglandaceae / J. A. A. Bos and W. Punt. - 48. Cornaceae / P. J. Stafford and G. L. A. Heath. - 49. Globulariaceae / W. Punt and A. Marks. - 50. Buxaceae / W. Punt and A. Marks. - 51. Ranunculaceae / G. C. S. Clarke, W. Punt and P. P. Hoen. - Index.

Note: Contents Preface Acknowledgements Crustal development: the craton Uplift history of the East Antarctic shield: constraints imposed by high-pressure experimental studies of Proterozoic mafic dykes / S.M. KUEHNER & D.H. GREEN The crustal evolution of some East Antarctic granulites / S.L. HARLEY Structural evolution of the Bunger Hills area of East Antarctica / P. DING & P.R. JAMES Structural geology of the early Precambrian gneisses of northern Fold Island, Mawson Coast, East Antarctica / P.R. JAMES, P. DING & L. RANKIN The intrusive Mawson charnockites: evidence for a compressional plate margin selling of the Proterozoic mobile belt of East Antarctica / D.N. YOUNG & D.J. ELLIS A review of the field relations, petrology and geochemistry of the Borgmassivet intrusions in the Grunehogna province, western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica / J.R. KRYNAUW, B.R. WATTERS, D.R. HUNTER & A.H. WILSON Volcanic rocks of the Proterozoic Jutulstraumen Group in western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica / B.R. WATTERS, J.R. KRYNAUW & D.R. HUNTER The timing and nature of faulting and jointing adjacent to the Pencksokket, western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica / G.H. GRANTHAM & D.R. HUNTER The tectonic and metamorphic evolution of H.U. Sverdrupfjella, western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica / A.R. ALLEN Granulites of northern H.U. Sverdrupfjella, western Dronning Maud Land: metamorphic history from garnet-pyroxene assemblages, coronas and hydration reactions / P.B. GROENEWALD & D.R. HUNTER A structural survey of Precambrian rocks, Heimefrontfjella, western Neuschwabenland, with special reference to the basic dykes / W. FIELITZ & G. SPAETH Reflection seismic measurements in western Neuschwabenland / A. HUNGELJNG & F. THYSSEN Geology and metamorphism of the Sør Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica / K. SHIRAISHI, M. ASAMI, H. ISHIZUKA, H. KOJIMA. S. KOJIMA, Y. OSANAI, T. SAKIYAMA, Y. TAKAHASHI, M. YAMAZAKI & S. YOSHIKURA Late Proterozoic paired metamorphic complexes in East Antarctica, with special reference to the tectonic significance of ultramafic rocks / Y. HIROI, K. SHIRAISHI & Y. MOTOYOSHI Petrographic and structural characteristics of a part of the East Antarctic craton, Queen Maud Land, Antarctica / M.K. KAUL, R.K. SINGH, D. SRIVASTAVA, S. JAYARAM & S. MUKERJI Structural and petrological evolution of basement rocks in the Schirmacher Hills, Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica (Extended abstract) / S. SENGUPTA Metamorphic evolution of granulites from the Rauer Group, East Antarctica: evidence for decompression following Proterozoic collision / S.L. HARLEY Fault tectonics and magmatic ages in the Jelly Oasis area, Mac. Robertson Land: a contribution to the Lambert Rift development / J. HOFMANN Major fracture trends near the western margin of East Antarctica / P.D. MARSH Mesozoic magmatism in Greater Antarctica: implications for Precambrian plate tectonics / T.S. BREWER & P.D. CLARKSON Crustal development: the Transantarctic Mountains Sedimentary palaeoenvironments of_the Riphaean Turnpike Bluff Group, Shackleton Range / H.-J. PAECH, K. HAHNE & P. VOGLER Precambrian ancestry of the Asgard Formation (Skelton Group): Rb-Sr age of basement metamorphic rocks in the Dry Valley region, Antarctica / C.J. ADAMS & P.F. WHITLA The Priestley Formation, Terra Nova Bay, and its regional significance / D.N.B. SKINNER The myth of the Nimrod and Beardmore orogenies / E. STUMP, R.J. KORSCH & D.G. EDGERTON Age of the metamorphic basement of the Salamander and Lanterman ranges, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica / C.J. ADAMS & A. HOHNDORF Recovery and recrystallization of quartz and 'crystallinity' of illite in the Bowers and Robertson Bay terranes, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica / W. BUGGISCH & G. KLEINSCHMIDT The boundary of the East Antarctic craton on the Pacific margin / N.W. ROLAND Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica: hybrid geological, aeromagnetic and Landsat-physiographic maps / B.K. LUCCHITTA, J.A. BOWELL, F. TESSENSOHN & J.C. BEHRENDT Setting and significance of the Shackleton Limestone, central Transantarctic Mountains / A.J. ROWELL & M.N. REES Lower-mid-Palaeozoic sedimentation and tectonic patterns on the palaeo-Pacific margin of Antarctica / M.G. LAIRD The pre-Devonian Palaeozoic elastics of the central Transantarctic Mountains: stratigraphy and depositional settings / M.N. REES & A.J. ROWELL The Devonian Pacific margin of Antarctica / M.A. BRADSHAW The palaeo-Pacific margin as seen from East Antarctica / J.W. COLLINSON Permo-Carboniferous glacial sedimentation in the central Transantarctic Mountains and its palaeotectonic implications (Extended abstract) / J.M.G. MILLER & B.J. WAUGH Clay mineralogy and provenance of fine-grained Permian elastics, central Transantarctic Mountains / L.A. KRISSEK & T.C. HORNER Evidence for a low-gradient alluvial fan from the palaeo-Pacific margin in the Upper Permian Buckley Formation, Beardmore Glacier area, Antarctica / J.L. ISBELL Provenance and tectonic implications of sandstones within the Permian Mackellar Formation, Beacon Supergroup of East Antarctica / R.S. FRISCH & M.F. MILLER Crustal development: Weddell Sea-Ross Sea region Evolution of the Gondwana plate boundary in the Weddell Sea area / Y. KRISTOFFERSEN & K. HINZ Petrology and palynology of Weddell Sea glacial sediments: implications for subglacial geology / J.B. ANDERSON, B.A. ANDREWS, L.R. BARTEK & E.M. TRUSWELL A multichannel seismic profile across the Weddell Sea margin of the Antarctic Peninsula: regional tectonic implications / P.F. BARKER & M.J. LONSDALE Verification of crustal sources for satellite elevation magnetic anomalies in West Antarctica and the Weddell Sea and their regional tectonic implications / M.E. GHIDELLA, C.A. RAYMOND & J.L. LABRECQUE Aeromagnetic studies of crustal blocks and basins in West Antarctica: a review / S.W. GARRETT Palaeomagnetic studies of Palaeozoic rocks from the Ellsworth Mountains, West Antarctica / M. FUNAKI. M. YOSHIDA & H. MATSUEDA Seismic reflection profiling of a sediment-filled graben beneath ice stream B, West Antarctica / S.T. ROONEY. D.D. BLANKENSHIP, R.B. ALLEY & C.R. BENTLEY The aeromagnetic survey of northern Victoria Land and the western Ross Sea during GANOVEX IV and a geophysical-geological interpretation / W. BOSUM, D. DAMASKE, J.C. BEHRENDT & R. SALTUS The Ross Sea rift system, Antarctica: structure, evolution and analogues / F. TESSENSOHN & G. WORNER Structural and depositional controls on Cenozoic and (?)Mesozoic strata beneath the western Ross Sea / A.K. COOPER, F.J. DAVEY & J.C. BEHRENDT Crustal extension and origin of sedimentary basins beneath the Ross Sea and Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica / A.K. COOPER, F.J. DAVEY & K. HINZ Chemical characteristics of greywacke and palaeosol of early Oligocene or older sedimentary breccia, Ross Sea DSDP Site 270 / A.B. FORD Extensive volcanism and related tectonism beneath the western Ross Sea continental shelf, Antarctica: interpretation of an aeromagnetic survey / J.C. BEHRENDT, H.J. DUERBAUM, D. DAMASKE, R. SALTUS, W. BOSUM & A.K. COOPER Geochemistry and tectonic implications of lower-crustal granulites included in Cenozoic volcanic rocks of southern Victoria Land / R.l. KALAMARIDES & J.H. BERG Geology, petrology and tectonic implications of crustal xenoliths in Cenozoic volcanic rocks of southern Victoria Land / J.H. BERG Geochemistry and petrology of ultramafic xenoliths of the Erebus volcanic province / F.M. MCGIBBON Lithospheric flexure induced by the load of Ross Archipelago, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica / T.A. STERN, F.J. DAVEY & G. DELISLE The structure and seismic activity of Mount Erebus, Ross Island / K. KAMINUMA & K. SHIBUYA Crustal development: the Pacific margin Mid-Palaeozoic basement in eastern Graham Land and its relation to the Pacific margin of Gondwana / A.J. MILNE & l.L. MILLAR Basement gneisses in north-western Palmer Land: further evidence for pre-Mesozoic rocks in Lesser Antarctica / S.M. HARRISON & B.A. PIERCY Granitoids of the Ford Ranges, Marie Byrd Lan

Note: Contents: Symbols. - Preface. - Acknowledgements. - 1 PERIGLACIAL CONDITIONS. - 1.1 The significance of freezing in soils and rocks. - 1.2 Freezing and thawing in porous materials. - 1.3 Climate and ground freezing. - 1.3.1 Permafrost. - 1.3.2 Ephemeral freezing. - 1.4 Characteristics of permafrost. - 1.5 Manifestations of freezing and thawing of the ground. - 2 MORPHOLOGY OF PERMAFROST AND SEASONALLY FROZEN GROUND. - 2.1 Frozen ground as a geological material. - 2.2 Ice in the ground. - 2.2.1 Excess ice. - 2.2.2 Frost-heave ice: segregation ice. - 2.2.3 Intrusive ice; ice wedge ice, and other forms. - 2.2.4 Ice of external origin: buried glacier, snow, lake and river ice; icings. - 2.2.5 Age of ice in permafrost. - 2.2.6 Distribution of ground ice. - 2.2.7 Submarine frozen ground. - 2.2.8 Micromorphology of freezing soils. - 2.2.9 Pedology and soil freezing. - 2.3 Gas hydrates (clathrates). - 2.4 World distribution of permafrost. - 2.4.1 Land permafrost. - 2.4.2 Submarine distribution. - 2.5 Seasonal freezing. - 3 CLIMATE AND FROZEN GROUND. - 3.1 Introduction. - 3.2 Seasonal frost and permafrost. - 3.3 Climate and permafrost distribution. - 3.4 The importance of microclimates. - 3.5 The surface energy balance. - 3.5.1 The nature of surface interactions. - 3.5.2 A buffer layer model. - 3.5.3 Effects of surface changes. - 3.6 Possible effects of climatic change. - 3.7 Summary. - 4 THE GROUND THERMAL REGIME. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Heat flow in the ground. - 4.2.1 The heat conduction equation. - 4.3 Thermal properties. - 4.3.1 Thermal conductivity. - 4.3.2 Heat capacity. - 4.3.3 Thermal diffusivity. - 4.4 Ground thermal conditions. - 4.4.1 Geothermal heat flow and permafrost thickness. - 4.4.2 Effects of climatic change. - 4.4.3 Seasonal temperature variations. - 4.5 Lateral variations in ground temperatures. - 4.5.1 Influence of water bodies. - 4.6 Summary. - 5 THE FORMS OF THE GROUND SURFACE 1: SLOPES AND SUBSIDENCES. - 5.1 Freezing and thawing and displacements of the ground. - 5.2 Instability of soil on slopes: overview. - 5.3 The mystery of solifluction. - 5.3.1 Origin of small movements. - 5.3.2 Creep in the frozen state. - 5.4 Rock glaciers. - 5.5 Effects of thawing: landslides and slumps. - 5.5.1 Loss of cohesive strength. - 5.5.2 Soil consolation and strength during thaw. - 5.5.3 Thermokarst. - 5.6 The extent and variety of movements on slopes. - 6 THE FORMS OF THE GROUND SURFACE 2: STRUCTURES AND MICROTOPOGRAPHY OF LEVEL GROUND. - 6.1 Surface characteristics. - 6.2 Features characterised by accumulation of ice. - 6.2.1 Pingos. - 6.2.2 Palsa. - 6.2.3 Hydrolaccoliths. - 6.3 Differential freeze-thaw effects. - 6.3.1 Uplift of stones. - 6.3.2 Soil hummocks. - 6.3.3 Earth circles. - 6.3.4 Stone polygons and rings. - 6.4 Thermal contraction and cracking. - 6.4.1 Soil and ice wedges. - 7 THERMODYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF FROZEN SOILS. - 7.1 Soil: A porous system. - 7.1.1 'Freezing points' and latent heat. - 7.1.2 Proportions of ice and water. - 7.1.3 Water contents and thermal properties. - 7.2 Energy status, or potential, of soil water. - 7.2.1 Freezing point depression, potential, and free energy. - 7.2.2 Potential of water in freezing soils. - 7.3 Pressure and temperature relations. - 7.4 Origin of frost heave and frost heave pressures. - 7.5 Permeability of frozen soils. - 7.6 Frost heave as a thermodynamic-rheologic process. - 8 HYDROLOGY OF FROZEN GROUND. - 8.1 Introduction. - 8.2 Surface hydrology. - 8.2.1 Bank stability in permafrost regions. - 8.3 Groundwater. - 8.3.1 Icings and frost blisters. - 8.3.2 Water supply. - 8.4 Hydrodynamics of frozen ground. - 8.4.1 Unfrozen water content. - 8.4.2 Gradients of water potential due to freezing temperatures. - 8.4.3 Moisture transfer mechanisms. - 8.4.4 Moisture transport in saturated soils. - 8.4.5 Moisture transport in unsaturated soils. - 8.5 Ice segregation and frost heaving. - 8.5.1 Coupled heat and moisture flow at freezing temperatures. - 8.5.2 The hydrodynamic model. - 8.5.3 The rigid ice model. - 8.5.4 Extreme forms of ice segregation. - 8.6 Seasonal hydrodynamics in permafrost. - 8.6.1 Water migration beyond the fringe. - 8.6.2 Development of aggradational ice. - 9 THE MECHANICS OF FROZEN GROUND. - 9.1 Introduction. - 9.2 The frozen soil system. - 9.2.1 Properties of the ice. - 9.2.2 The strength of soils. - 9.3 Deformation of frozen ground. - 9.3.1 Characteristics of creep. - 9.3.2 The origins of creep. - 9.4 Strength characteristics of frozen soils. - 9.4.1 Rates of strain and processes of deformation. - 9.5 Temperature dependence of creep rate and strength. - 9.6 Effect of soil composition. - 9.6.1 Size of soil particles. - 9.6.2 Ice content. - 9.6.3 Pore water salinity. - 9.7 Effect of normal and confining stresses on strength and deformation. - 9.7.1 Internal, thermodynamically controlled stresses. - 9.8 Field situations. - 9.8.1 Role of temperature and pressure variations. - 10 GEOCRYOLOGY PAST AND FUTURE. - 10.1 Geocryology and geotechnique. - 10.2 Energy exchange and climate instability. - 10.3 Thermodynamic and mechanical properties of frozen ground. - 10.4 Submarine and other extreme conditions for permafrost. - References. - Index.

Note: Contents Preface Acknowledgments Organizing Committee Welcome / Richard Asselin Opening / Dick Arnold Papers Review of the Classification of Permafrost-Affected Soils In the United States and Canada / R.J. Ahrens, C.A.S. Smith, J.P. Moore, and L. Ratliff Thermic Control on Soil Formation In Northeastern Asia and Probable Effects of Global Change / A. V. Alfimov, G.G. Mazhitova, and D.I. Bennan Gellsols: A New Proposed Order for Permafrost-Affected Soils / J.G. Bockheim, C.L. Ping, J.P. Moore, and J.M. Kimble Traces of Plelstocene Periglacial Processes and their recent Presence in Relief of the Republic of Croatia / Andrija Bognar Micromorphology of Permafrost-Affected Soils / Catherine A. Fox Relic Features In Recent Tundra Soli Profiles and Tundra Soils Classification / S.V. Gubin The Main Regularities of Soil Formation on Calcareous Rocks of the North / D.Ye. Konyushkov Permafrost-Affected Soils and Cryopeclology / Oleg V. Makeev The Main Soli Types In Northeastern Eurasia / Ye. M. Naumov Characterization of Organic Carbon, Using the 813C·value of a Permafrost Site In the Kolyma.Jndigirka·Lowland, Northeast Siberia / E-M. Pfeiffer and H. Janssen Reflection of Bedrock on the Soil Geochemistry and Weathering In the Tundra Region of Northernmost Finland / M.L. Räisänen Permafrost Dynamics and Soli Formation / Y.L. Shur and C.L. Ping Soil Cover of the North of Russia and Its Cartographic Modeling / I.A. Sokolov, Ye.M. Naumov, and D. Ye. Konyushkov Soils and Landscapes of the Upper Kobuk Valley, Alaska / David K. Swanson Genesis of Permafrost-Affected Soils / Charles Tamocai The Peculiar Features of Microstructure and Genesis of Cryosols of the Permafrost Regions of Russia / T.V. Tursina Mineralogical and Particle-Size Relationships of Two Alluvial Soils from Alaska / M.A. Wilson, W.C. Lynn, D.W. Moser, and A.B. Sarata Frozen Soils of China / Zhao Qi-guo and Wang Hao-qing Appendix 1: Tour Sites Appendix 2: Work Groups Appendix 3: Proposed Gelisol Order

Note: Contents: Foreword. - Notes and changes. - Glossary. - List of abbreviations. - Resedaceae. - Droseraceae. - Crassulaceae. - Saxifragaceae. - Paranassiaceae. - Grossulariaceae. - Rosaceae. - Leguminosae. - Oxalidaceae. - Geraniaceae. - Linaceae. - Euphorbiaceae. - Polygalaceae. - Aceraceae. - Hippocastanaceae. - Balsaminaceae. - Aquifoliaceae. - Celastraceae. - Rhamnaceae. - Tiliaceae. - Malvaceae. - Thymelaeaceae. - Elaeagnaceae. - Guttiferae. - Violaceae. - Cistaceae. - Tamaricaceae. - Elatinaceae. - Cucurbitaceae. - Lythraceae. - Trapaceae. - Onagraceae. - Haloragaceae. - Hippuridaceae. - Cornaceae. - Araliaceae. - Umbelliferae. - References. - Plates. - Index.

Note: Contents: Preface. - PART I THE ELEMENTS OF AIR POLLUTION. - 1 The History of Air Pollution. - I. Before the Industrial Revolution. - II. The Industrial Revolution. - Ill. The Twentieth Century. - IV. The 1980s. - V. The 1990s. - VI. The Future. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 2 The Natural versus Polluted Atmosphere. - I. The Atmosphere. - II. Unpolluted Air. - Ill. Particulate Matter. - IV. Concepts. - IV. Personnel. - V. Advisory Groups. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 3 Scales of the Air Pollution Problem. - I. Local. - II. Urban. - Ill. Regional. - IV. Continental. - V. Global. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 4 Air Quality. - I. Averaging Time. - II. Cycles. - Ill. Primary and Secondary Pollutants. - IV. Measurement Systems. - V. Air Quality Levels. - Reference. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 5 The Philosophy of Air Pollution Control. - I. Strategy and Tactics-The Air Pollution System. - II. Episode Control. - Ill. Air Quality Management Control Strategy. - IV. Alternative Control Strategies. - V. Economic Considerations. - Reference. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 6 Sources of Air Pollution. - I. General. - II. Combustion. - Ill. Stationary Sources. - IV. Mobile Sources. - V. Emission Inventory. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - PART II THE EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION. - 7 Effects on Human Health and Welfare. - I. Air-Water-Soil Interactions. - II. Total Body Burden. - Ill. The Human Respiratory System. - IV. Impact of Air Pollution on Humans. - V. Impact of Odor on Humans. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 8 Effects on Vegetation and Animals. - I. Injury versus Damage. - II. Effects on Vegetation and Crops. - Ill. Effects on Forests. - IV. Effects on Animals. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 9 Effects on Materials and Structures. - I. Effects on Metals. - II. Effects on Stone. - Ill. Effects on Fabrics and Dyes. - IV. Effects on Leather, Paper, Paint, and Glass. - V. Effects on Rubber. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 10 Effects on the Atmosphere, Soil, and Water Bodies. - I. The Physics of Visibility. - II. Formation of Atmospheric Haze. - Ill. Effects of Atmospheric Haze. - IV. Visibility. - V. Acidic Deposition. - VI. Effects of Acidic Deposition. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 11 Long-Term Effects on the Planet. - I. Global Warming. - II. Ozone Holes. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - PART III MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING OF AIR POLLUTION. - 12 Atmospheric Chemistry. - I. Types of Atmospheric Chemical Transformations. - II. Role of Solar Radiation in Atmospheric Chemistry. - Ill. Gas-Phase Chemical Reaction Pathways. - IV. Heterogeneous Reactions. - V. Scavenging and Removal from the Atmosphere. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 13 Ambient Air Sampling. - I. Elements of a Sampling System. - II. Sampling Systems for Gaseous Pollutants. - Ill. Sampling Systems for Particulate Pollutants and PM10. - IV. Static Sampling Systems. - V. Sampler Siting Requirements. - VI. Sampling for Air Toxics. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 14 Ambient Air Pollutants: Analysis and Measurement. - I. Analysis and Measurement of Gaseous Pollutants. - II. Analysis and Measurement of Particulate Pollutants. - Ill. Analysis and Measurement of Odors. - IV. Analysis and Measurement of Visibility. - V. Analysis and Measurement of Acidic Deposition. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 15 Air Pollution Monitoring and Surveillance. - I. Stationary Monitoring Networks. - II. Mobile Monitoring and Surveillance. - Ill. Remote Sensing. - IV. Quality Assurance. - V. Data Analysis and Display. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 16 Air Pathways from Hazardous Waste Sites. - I. Introduction. - II. Multimedia Transport. - Ill. Contaminant Fate Analysis. - IV. Modeling. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - PART IV THE METEOROLOGY OF AIR POLLUTION. - 17 The Physics of the Atmosphere. - I. Sun, Atmosphere System, and Heat Balance. - II. Stability and Instability. - Ill. Laws of Motion. - IV. Local Wind Systems. - V. General Circulation. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 18 The Meteorological Bases of Atmospheric Pollution. - I. Ventilation. - II. Stagnation. - Ill. Meterological Conditions during Historic Pollution Episodes. - IV. Effects of Pollution on the Atmosphere. - V. Removal Mechanisms. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 19 Transport and Dispersion of Air Pollutants. - I. Wind Velocity. - II. Turbulence. - Ill. Estimating Concentrations from Point Sources. - IV. Dispersion Instrumentation. - V. Atmospheric Tracers. - VI. Concentration Variation with Averaging Time. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 20 Air Pollution Modeling and Prediction. - I. Plume Rise. - II. Modeling Techniques. - Ill. Modeling Nonreactive Pollutants. - IV. Modeling Pollutant Transformations. - V. Model Performance, Accuracy, and Utilization. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 21 Air Pollution Climatology. - I. Sources of Data. - II. Representativeness. - Ill. Frequency of Atmospheric Stagnations. - IV. Ventilation Climatology. - V. Wind and Pollution Roses. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - PART V THE REGULATORY CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION. - 22 Air Quality Criteria and Standards. - I. Air Quality Criteria. - II. Conversion of Effects Data and Criteria to Standards. - Ill. Conversion of Physical Data and Criteria to Standards. - IV. Conversion of Biological Data and Criteria to Standards. - V. Air Quality Standards. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 23 Indoor Air Quality. - I. Changing Times. - II. Factors Influencing Indoor Air Quality. - Ill. Indoor Air Pollutants. - IV. Effects of Indoor Air Pollutants. - V. Control of Indoor Pollutants. - References. - Suggested Readings. - Questions. - 24 The U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. - I. Introduction. - II. Titles. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 25 Emission Standards. - I. Subjective Standards. - II. Objective Standards. - Ill. Types of Emission Standards. - IV. Variant Forms of Emission Standards. - V. Means for Implementing Emission Standards. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 26 The Elements of Regulatory Control. - I. Control of New Stationary Sources. - II. Control of Existing Stationary Sources. - Ill. Control of Mobile Sources. - IV. Air Quality Control Regions. - V. Tall Stacks and Intermittent and Supplementary Control Systems. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 27 Organizations for Air Pollution Control. - I. Functions. - II. Organization. - Ill. Finance. - IV. Personnel. - V. Advisory Groups. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - PART VI THE ENGINEERING CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION. - 28 Engineering Control Concepts. - I. Introduction. - II. Process Change. - Ill. Fuel Change. - IV. Pollution Removal. - V. Disposal of Pollutants. - VI. Pollution Prevention. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 29 Control Devices and Systems. - I. Introduction. - II. Removal of Dry Particulate Matter. - Ill. Removal of Liquid Droplets and Mists. - IV. Removal of Gaseous Pollutants. - V. Removal of Odors. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 30 Control of Stationary Sources. - I. Introduction. - II. Energy, Power, and Incineration. - Ill. Chemical and Metallurgical Industries. - IV. Agriculture and Forest Products Industries. - V. Other Industrial Processes. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - Control of Mobile Sources. - I. Introduction. - II. Gasoline-Powered Vehicles. - Ill. Diesel-Powered Vehicles. - IV. Gas Turbines and J

Note: Zugl.: Kiel, Univ., Habil., 1993 u.d.T.: Energy requirements of the pygoscelid penguins

Note: Contents: Topographische und thematische Karten zur Ergebnisdarstellung der Spitzbergen-Expedition (SPE) 1990-1992 / K. BRUNNER & G. HELL. - Geodätische Arbeiten zur Untersttitzung der SPE-Teilprojekte / P. RAWIEL & S. RESSING. - Geologie und tektonische Entwicklung der Germaniahalvøya, Haakon VII Land, NW-Spitzbergen (Svalbard) / K. PIEPJOHN, & F. THIEDIG. - Zur jungquartären Vereisungsgeschichte und Landschaftsentwicklung in NW-Spitzbergen (Liefde-, Bock- und Woodfjord) / W. D. BLÜMEL, J. EBERLE & B. EITEL. - Zur Gletschergeschichte des Liefdefjords/NW-Spitzbergen / G. FURRER. - First results of structural and sedimentological investigations in the Liefdefjord and Woodfjord (northern Spitsbergen) / E. A. KROEMER, R. MÄUSBACHER, J. MÜLLER & R. SCHACHT. - Zur Entwicklung der postglazialen Sedimentation im Bereich des Liefdefjordes, NW-Spitzbergen / R. BAUMHAUER, & U. GLASER. - Evolution and age of shorelines along Woodfiord, northern Spitsbergen / H. BRÜCKNER & R. A. HALFAR. - Geomorphologische Kartierung der Germania Halvøya am Liefdefjorden (Nordwest-Spitzbergen) mit optischen Fernerkundungsdaten / G. STÄBLEIN & V. HOCHSCHILD. - Recent fluvial sediment budgets in glacial and periglacial environments, NW Spitsbergen / D. BARSCH, M. GUDE, R. MÄUSBACHER, G. SCHUKRAFT & A. SCHULTE. - Glacial dynamics, material transfer and sedimentation of Erikbreen and Hannabreen, Liefdefjorden, northern Spitsbergen / J. L. SOLLID, B. ETZELMÜLLER, G. VATNE & R. S. ØDEGARD. - Glaziologie und Glazialmorphologie des Liefde- und Bockfjordgebietes, NW-Spitzbergen / L. KING & M. VOLK. - Saisonaler Verlauf des Vorfluterchemismus im Kvikkåa-Einzugsgebiet (Liefdefjorden, NW-Spitzbergen) / M. POTSCHIN & H. LESER. - Terrain as an important controlling factor for climatological, meteorological and hydrological processes in NW-Spitsbergen / D. SCHERER & E. PARLOW. - Frostbodenformen im inneren Woodfjord, NW-Spitsbergen / D. THANNHEISER & I. MÖLLER. - Vegetationsgeographisch-synsoziologische Untersuchungen am Liefdefjord (NW-Spitzbergen) / D. THANNHEISER. - Vegetationsdecke und ökologischer Feuchtegrad als Indikatoren für solifluidale Prozesse in hocharktischen Ökosystemen des Liefdefjordes (NW-Spitzbergen) / E. SCHMITT. - Die Kartierung der Bodengesellschaften auf der Germania-Halbinsel (Liefdefjord/Spitzbergen) - Vorgehensweise, Abgrenzungskriterien und Bodensystematik / J. EBERLE & W. D. BLÜMEL. - Merkmale chemischer Verwitterung in hochpolaren Böden - Ergebnisse pedologisch-sedimentologischer Untersuchungen in NW-Spitzbergen / W. D. BLÜMEL & J. EBERLE. - Humuszustand und typische Humusprofile bei Böden der oligotrophen Tundra NW-Spitzbergens / L. WEBER & W. D. BLÜMEL. - The pattern of carbon-mineralisation in the high-arctic Tundra (Western and Northern Spitsbergen) as an expression of landscape ecologic environment heterogeneity / CH. WÜTHRICH, C. DÖBELI, D. SCHAUB & H. LESER. - Aufbau, Zerfall und Bedeutung der Meereisdecke am Liefdefjord, NW-Spitzbergen / L. KING & J. KNIES. , Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl.

Note: Contents: PART I - GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH AND THE EARTHLIKE PLANETS. - 1 What Is Geochemistry?. - 1.1 Early History. - 1.2 Geochemistry in the U.S.S.R. - 1.3 V. M. Goldschmidt. - 1.4 Modern Geochemistry. - References. - 2 In the Beginning. - 2.1 The Big Bang. - 2.2 Stellar Evolution. - 2.3 Nucleosynthesis. - 2.4 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 3 The Solar System. - 3.1 Origin of the Solar System. - 3.2 Origin of the Earthlike Planets. - 3.3 Satellites of the Outer Planets. - 3.4 Pictures of Our Solar System. - 3.5 Summary. - 3.6 Books on Planetary Geology. - References. - 4 The Electronic Structure of Atoms. - 4.1 The Atom of Thomson and Rutherford. - 4.2 Bohr's Theory of the Hydrogen Atom. - 4.3 Emission of X-rays - A Small Digression. - 4.4 Schrödinger's Model of the Atom. - 4.5 The Aufbau Principle. - 4.6 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 5 The Periodic Table and Atomic Weights. - 5.1 Mendeleev's Periodic Table. - 5.2 The Modern Periodic Table. - 5.3 Basic Principles of Atomic Physics. - 5.4 Atomic Weights. - 5.5 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 6 Chemical Bonds, Ionic Radii, and Crystals. - 6.1 Electron Donors Versus Acceptors. - 6.2 Measures of Metallic Character. - 6.3 Bonding in Molecules. - 6.4 Ionic Crystals. - 6.5 Ionic Radii. - 6.6 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 7 Ionic Substitution in Crystals. - 7.1 Goldschmidt's Rules of Substitution. - 7.2 Camouflage, Capture, and Admission. - 7.3 Coupled Substitution: Key to the Feldspars. - 7.4 Distribution Coefficients and Geothermometers. - 7.5 Geochemical Classification of the Elements. - 7.6 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 8 Isotopic Geochronometers. - 8.1 Decay Modes. - 8.2 Law of Radioactivity. - 8.3 Methods of Dating. - 8.4 Cosmogenic Radionuclides. - 8.5 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 9 Chemical Differentiation of the Solar System. - 9.1 The Sun. - 9.2 Meteorites. - 9.3 The Moon. - 9.4 Mars. - 9.5 Venus. - 9.6 Comets. - 9.7 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 10 Chemical Differentiation of the Earth. - 10.1 Internal Structure of the Earth. - 10.2 The Continental Crust: Major Elements. - 10.3 The Continental Crust: Trace Elements. - 10.4 Differentiation of Igneous Rocks. - 10.5 Differentiation of Sedimentary Rocks. - 10.6 Differentiation of the Hydrosphere. - 10.7 Summary. - Problems. - References. - PART II - CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND THE STABILITY OF MINERALS. - 11 Acids and Bases. - 11.1 Chemical Reactions and Equilibria. - 11.2 The Law of Mass Action. - 11.3 Dissociation of Weak Acids and Bases. - 11.4 Solubility of Insoluble Bases. - 11.5 pH Control of Dissociation Equilibria. - 11.6 Solubility of Amorphous Silica. - 11.7 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 12 Salts and Their Ions. - 12.1 Solubility of Salts. - 12.2 Hydrolysis. - 12.3 Activities and Concentrations. - 12.4 Solubility of Calcium Carbonate. - 12.5 Chemical Weathering. - 12.6 Transformation of Potassium Feldspar to Kaolinite. - 12.7 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 13 Thermodynamics. - 13.1 Definitions. - 13.2 The First Law. - 13.3 Enthalpy. - 13.4 Heats of Reaction. - 13.5 Heat Capacity. - 13.6 The Second Law. - 13.7 Gibbs Free Energy. - 13.8 Derivation of the Law of Mass Action. - 13.9 Fugacity and Activity. - 13.10 The van't Hoff Equation. - 13.11 Solubility of Amorphous Silica Between 0 and 100 °C. - 13.12 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 14 Mineral Stability Diagrams. - 14.1 Chemical Weathering of Feldspars. - 14.2 Formation of Zeolites. - 14.3 Magnesium Silicates. - 14.4 Solubility Diagrams. - 14.5 Fugacity Diagrams. - 14.6 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 15 Clay Minerals. - 15.1 Crystal Structure. - 15.2 Classification and Chemical Composition. - 15.3 Gibbs Free Energies of Formation. - 15.4 Stability Diagrams. - 15.5 Colloidal Suspensions and Ion Exchange. - 15.6 Dating of Clay Minerals. - 15.7 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 16 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. - 16.1 Balancing Equations of Oxidation- Reduction Reactions. - 16.2 The Electromotive Series. - 16.3 The Emf of Electrochemical Cells. - 16.4 Stability Limits of Water in Terms of Eh and pH. - 16.5 Stability of Iron Compounds. - 16.6 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 17 Isotope Fractionation. - 17.1 Principles of Isotope Fractionation. - 17.2 Mathematical Relations. - 17.3 Isotope Fractionation in the Hydrosphere. - 17.4 Oxygen Isotope Composition of Calcite. - 17.5 Oxygen and Hydrogen in Clay Minerals. - 17.6 Groundwater and Geothermal Brines. - 17.7 Isotope Fractionation of Carbon. - 17.8 Isotope Compositions of Strontium in Carbonate Rocks. - 17.9 Isotope Fractionation of Sulfur. - 17.10 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 18 Mixing and Dilution. - 18.1 Binary Mixtures. - 18.2 Dilution. - 18.3 Evaporative Concentration. - 18.4 Ternary Mixtures. - 18.5 Isotopic Mixtures of One Element. - 18.6 Isotopic Mixtures of Two Elements. - 18.7 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 19 Rates of Geochemical Processes. - 19.1 Rates of Chemical Reactions. - 19.2 Transport of Matter: Advection. - 19.3 Transport of Matter: Diffusion. - 19.4 Growth of Concretions During Diagenesis. - 19.5 Growth of Monomineralic Layers. - 19.6 Summary. - Problems. - References. - PART Ill - APPLICATIONS OF GEOCHEMISTRY TO THE SOLUTION OF GLOBAL PROBLEMS. - 20 Consequences of Chemical Weathering. - 20.1 Changes in Chemical Composition of Rocks. - 20.2 Normative Mineral Composition of Weathering Products. - 20.3 Susceptibility of Minerals to Weathering. - 20.4 Formation of Placer Deposits. - 20.5 Provenance Determination by Isotopic Dating. - 20.6 Formation of Soils. - 20.7 Geomicrobiology. - 20.8 Food Production and Population Growth. - 20.9 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 21 Chemical Composition of Surface Water. - 21.1 Chemical Analysis of Water in Streams. - 21.2 Chemical Composition of Streams. - 21.3 Chemical Composition of Meteoric Precipitation. - 21.4 Normative Minerals from Water Compositions. - 21.5 Evaporative Concentration. - 21.6 Water Quality. - 21.7 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 22 Chemical Weathering of Mineral Deposits. - 22.1 Metallic Mineral Deposits. - 22.2 Oxidation of Iron Sulfides and the Role of Bacteria. - 22.3 Eh- pH Diagram for Copper Minerals. - 22.4 Supergene Enrichment of Fe-Cu Sulfide Deposits. - 22.5 Replacement of Pyrite by Chalcocite. - 22.6 Oxidation of Ore Minerals of Other Metals. - 22.7 Geochemical Exploration. - 22.8 Production and Consumption of Mineral Resources. - 22.9 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 23 Geochemical Cycles. - 23.1 The Principle of Mass Balance. - 23.2 Mass Balance for Major Elements in the Ocean. - 23.3 Mass Balance for Trace Elements in the Ocean. - 23.4 The Cycles of C-H-O-N. - 23.5 The Sulfur Cycle. - 23.6 Summary. - Problems. - References. - 24 Environmental Geochemistry: Disposal of Radioactive Waste. - 24.1 The Big Picture. - 24.2 High-Level Radioactive Waste. - 24.3 Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste. - 24.4 Geochemistry of Plutonium. - 24.5 Eh-pH Diagrams for Neptunium and Plutonium. - 24.6 Analog Studies: The Natural Reactors at Oklo, Gabon. - 24.7 Reactor Accidents: Chernobyl, U.S.S.R. - 24.8 Summary. - Problems. - References. - Appendix. - Standard Gibbs Free Energies (G°f) and Standard Enthalpies of Formation (H°f). - Author Index. - Subject Index.

Note: Contents: Acknowledgements. - lntroduction. - 1 Russian policy in the far North 1897-1917. - Introduction. - Bear Island and Spitsbergen. - The Kara Sea and Novaya Zemlya. - Polar exploration. - Exploitation of the North. - 2 Soviet sovereignty in the Arctic and the advent of flying 1917-32. - Arctic flying and its legal consequences. - Canada's choice between sector theory and effective occupation. - Shenandoah: the United States reject a sectorial division. - No theoretical alternatives to the sector theory. - Norge: the Soviet Union adopts the sector theory. - Trans-Arctic air routes: the sector becomes a 'historical reality'. - 3 The Stalinization of Arctic exploration. - The Krasin affair. - Soviet expeditions after the Krasin. - The Krasin: increasing public attention for the Arctic. - The first communist books about the Arctic. - Vize: the 'founding father' of Arctic history in the Soviet Union. - Vize's first book. - Samoylovich as a historian. - 4 In Stalin's time 1932-53. - The Northern Sea Route as a legitimation for the Soviet sector?. - The Chelyuskin: Stalin discovers the propaganda value of the Arctic. - Consequences for Arctic historiography and shipping. - 1937: the first Soviet air expedition. - Soviet criticism of the sector theory. - The Northern Sea Route in 1937. - 5 Arctic policy during the Cold War. - The Northern Sea Route as a theme. - The Passage as a regular sea route. - The Cold War: the Soviet Union falls back on the sector theory. - The sector, the Antarctic and Russo-American relations. - The revision of the sector theory by the Soviet Union. - The North: the historic waters doctrine. - The historic waters doctrine and the West. - 6 Historiography in the Cold War. - The influence of the historic waters doctrine on historiography. - The Zaliv Simsa findings. - First attempts to develop an early history of Arctic Russia. - The professionalization of Arctic studies. - Belov's early work: Semen Dezhnev. - Belov's first major work: Volume I. - Pinkhenson's Volume II: theoretical framework and implications. - Lenin's influence. - Classics of polar literature. - Literature about high-latitude expeditions. - 7 The age or the nuclear submarine. - The nuclear submarine: the doctrine in practice. - The Soviet reaction. - The doctrine and the Law of the Sea. - Support from Canada. - Alternative theories. - 8 Arctic shipping since 1953. - Destalinization and sea power. - Expansion of Arctic shipping. - Specialization. - 9 The western-section: winter navigation. - Introduction. - The Noril' sk mines. - Soviet attempts. - 10 The season of 1983. - The eastern section. - 'Arktika-1983'. - Shipping used on the eastern section. - 11 Arctic studies since 1953. - Broadening the field. - Archaeological expeditions. - Historical monuments. - The early nineteenth century: a success story. - Volume IV. - General works and new lines of enquiry after Belov. - New topics. - Conclusion. - Appendix. - Glossary. - Bibliography. - Index.

Note: Table of Contents: 1. The TRANSDRIFT l Expedition: A Multidisciplinary Russian-Gerrnan Approach to Study the Complex System of the Laptev Sea. - 1.1 Course of the Expedition. - 1.2 Navigation. - 1.3 Ice Conditions in the Laptev Sea. - 2. Meteorological Studies. - 2.1 Processes of Air-Sea Interaction in the Laptev Sea. - 3. Oceanographic studies. - 3.1 Therrnohaline and Dynarnic Water Structure in the Laptev Sea. - 4. Hydrochernical Studies. - 4.1 Hydrochernical Structure of the Laptev Sea. - 4.2 Studies of Water Pollution. - 4.3 Radiochemical Observations. - 5. Biological Studies. - 5.1 Hydrobiological Investigations in the Laptev Sea. - 5.2 Ecological Studies in the Laptev Sea. - 6. Geological Investigations. - 6.1 Geosystem Laptev Sea. - 6.2 Dynamic Geological Shelf Processes - Implications From Side-Scan-Sonar Observations. - 6.3 Sediment Distribution in the Laptev Sea. - 6.4 Physical Properties of Near-Surface Sediments in the Laptev Sea. - 6.5 Ecological-Geochemical Studies. - 6.6 Geochemistry. - 6.7 Pore Water Geochemistry. - 6.8 All Year Round Sea-Floor Temperature and Conductivity Measurements. - 7. Conclusions. - 8. Acknowledgements. - 9. References. - 10. Appendix. - List of Participants of the TRANSDRIFT l Expedition. - Station List of the TRANSDRIFT l Expedition. - Description of Sediment Cores Taken During the TRANSDRIFT l Expedition. - Geological Sampling and Sedimentological Analyses Carried out During the TRANSDRIFT l Expedition. - Shipboard Geological Sampling Programme. - Results of Smear Slide Analyses Carried out on Board RV Ivan Kireye.

Note: Inhalt Summary Brachysira, allgemeine Charakterisierung der Gattung Brachysira, die Taxa im einzelnen Addenda zu Nupela, Navicula, Naviculadicta, Sellaphora Nupela Navicula sensu lato Naviculadicta nov. gen. Sellaphora Nachtrag zu Achnanthes und Thalassiosira Dank Literaturverzeichnis Bildtafeln Register