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  • English  (1,959)
  • Russian  (124)
  • Italian  (1)
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  • 1975-1979  (2,029)
  • 1945-1949  (44)
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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
    Associated volumes
    Call number: G 7148(2. Ex.) ; 10/G 7724 ; M 93.0092/12 ; G 7148(1. Ex.)
    In: Minerals and rocks
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 229 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Minerals and rocks 12
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Budapest : Akad. Kiadó
    Call number: G 7371 ; 11528 ; M 93.0161
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 272 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9630514427
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 3
    Call number: M 93.0157
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXIX, 569 S.
    Edition: 3rd ed.
    ISBN: 0582352584
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Tulsa, Oklah. : American Association of Petroleum Geologists
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 93.0209
    In: AAPG studies in geology
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VII, 196 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0891810099
    Series Statement: AAPG Studies in geology 5
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London [u.a.] : Acad. Press
    Call number: G 7720 ; M 93.0246
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVII, 657 S. : graph. Darst.
    Edition: 2. ed.
    ISBN: 0125962509
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 93.0003
    In: Developments in economic geology
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 543 S.
    ISBN: 0444418059
    Series Statement: Developments in economic geology 11
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Moskau
    Call number: MOP 17669
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 91 S : zahlr. Ill.
    Series Statement: Ak. d. Wiss. UdSSR, Arbeiten d. Geophys. Inst. 6(133)
    Language: Russian
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 8
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Sussex : Artemis Pr.
    Call number: M 93.0254
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 383 S.
    Edition: 2nd ed., repr.
    ISBN: 0851413080
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Berlin [u.a.]: Springer
    Call number: 93.0162
    Pages: XII, 450 S.
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 11/MR 90.0991 ; M 93.0094/4
    In: Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits ; part I
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 429 S.
    ISBN: 0444414045
    Language: English
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  • 11
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 11/M 93.0094/5
    In: Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits ; part II
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 319 S.
    ISBN: 0444414053
    Language: English
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  • 12
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 11/M 93.0094/7
    In: Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits ; part II
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xii, 656 S.
    ISBN: 044441407X
    Language: English
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  • 13
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 11/MR 90.0988 ; M 93.0094/1
    In: Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits ; part I
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 338 S.
    ISBN: 0444414010
    Language: English
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  • 14
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 11/MR 90.0989 ; M 93.0094/2
    In: Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits ; part I
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 363 S.
    ISBN: 0444414029
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 10/M 93.0251A/6
    In: Handbook of geochemistry
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: Losebl.-Ausg.
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Call number: G 7276 ; 4/M 93.0215
    In: NATO ASI series
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 410 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9027707944
    Series Statement: NATO ASI series : C, Mathematical and physical sciences 30
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Call number: M 93.0154/5 ; 11/G 9206
    In: Developments in petrology
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 272 S.
    ISBN: 0444416587
    Series Statement: Developments in petrology 5
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 18
    Call number: M 93.0202
    In: Memoir
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VII, 139 S. : Ill., Kt.
    Series Statement: Memoir / The Geological Society of America 28
    Language: English
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  • 19
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 10/M 93.0251A/2
    In: Handbook of geochemistry
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: Losebl.-Ausg.
    Language: English
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  • 20
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 10/M 93.0251/3
    In: Handbook of geochemistry
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: Losebl.-Ausg.
    Language: English
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  • 21
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/12
    In: CRREL Report, 78-12
    Description / Table of Contents: Road test sections of membrane-enveloped silt and clay soils overlain with asphalt cement concrete were subjected to repetitive dynamic plate-bearing loadings to determine their strength variations during freeze-thaw cycles. The recoverable surface deformations in the load deflection bowl were continuously measured during the loading cycles and analyzed using the Chevron layered elastic computer program to obtain the in situ resilient deformation modulus of the various section layers at different stages of the freeze-thaw cycles. The resilient stiffness of the pavement system (the total load per unit of resilient load plate deflection) was also calculated for the various freeze-thaw conditions. The modulus values of the asphalt cement concrete varied inversely with its temperature by an order of magnetide (90,000 psi to 1,300,000 psi). The resilient stiffness of the pavement system varied in the same manner by nearly a factor of eight (228.4 kips/in. to 1740.2 kips/in.). Despite the wide strength variations of the sections during freeze-thaw cycles, membrane-enveloped fine-grained soils can be utilized instead of granular materials as base and subbase layers in flexible pavements in cold regions where moisture migration is a major concern. Moisture migration did not occur at saturation levels up to 75%, thus there was no strength loss during thawing.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 24 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-12
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S.customary to metric units of measurement Introduction Freeze-thaw system Construction materials Controlled environment test section Outdoor sections Temperature monitoring instrumentation Repetitive plate bearing test apparatus Test results and analyses Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 22
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/26
    In: CRREL Report, 78-26
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice fog suppression experiments on the Fort Wainwright Power Plant cooling pond were conducted during the winters of 1974-76. Baseline information studies occupied a sizable portion of the available ice fog weather in 1974-75. Then hexadecanol was added to the pond and dramatically improved visibility by reducing fog generated from water vapor released by the pond at -14 C. Although this temperature was not low enough to create ice fog, the cold vapor fog created was equally as devastating to visibility in the vicinity of the pond. During the winter of 1975-76, suppression tests were continued using films of hexadecanol, mixes of hexadecanol and octadecanol, and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGME). Suppression effectiveness at colder temperatures was stuided and limits to the techniques were probed. A reinforcing grid was constructed that prevented breakup of the film by wind and water currents. Lifetime tests indicated that EGME degrades much more slowly than either hexadecanol or the hexadecanol-octadecanol mix. The films were found to be very effective fog reducers at warmer temperatures but still allowed 20% to 40% of normal evaporation to occur. The vapor thus produced was sufficient to create some ice fog at lower temperatures, but this ice fog occurred less frequently and was more quickly dispersed than the thick fog that was present before application of the films.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-26
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Ice fog from cooling ponds Evaporation Relative humidity and cold air Ice fog suppression Air movement Plastic films Rafts Injection wells Cooling towers Chemical films Reinforced film experiments Meteorological data collection Floating reinforcement grid Application of the hexadecanol film Hexadecanol, octadecanol mixes Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether Laboratory tests of suppression effectiveness Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Design for an automatic thin chemical film applicationsystem Appendix B. Meteorological data
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  • 23
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/18
    In: CRREL Report, 78-18
    Description / Table of Contents: The primary objective of this project was to demonstrate the utility of remote sensing techniques as an operational tool in the acquisition of data required by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, in the Grays Harbor dredging effects project, and related projects. Aerial imagery was used to map surface circulation and suspended sediment patterns near the hopper dredge pump site at the harbor entrance and near pulpmill outfalls in Aberdeen, and to map the areal distribution and extent of intertidal habitats. The surface circulation maps prepared from the aerial photographs and thermal imagery compared favorably with the large-scale circulation patterns observed in the Grays Harbor hydraulic model at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Of the imagery provided by NASA, the thermal imagery was more useful than the color or color infrared (CIR) photographs for mapping circula­tion, while the CIR photographs were more useful than the thermal imagery or the color photographs for mapping intertidal habitats. Current velocities estimated from dye dispersion patterns and drifting dye drogues were comparable at some locations to velocities measured by in situ current meters and in the hydraulic model. Based on a cursory evaluation of LANDSAT-1 imagery acquired in January, February, and October 1973, it had limited utility in providing data on surface circulation patterns in Grays Harbor. The areal distribution and extent of nine wetland vegetation types, dune vegetation, and three types of eelgrass were mapped using primarily aerial C IR photographs and ground sur­veys. Color photographs were also used for areas not covered by the C IR photographs. Wetland vegetation types mapped were: low silty marsh, low sandy marsh, sedge marsh, high immature marsh, high mature marsh, salt marsh, diked pasture, freshwater marsh, and wooded swamp. Undiked salt marsh (first five types) covered 5540 acres (22.3 km2) in Grays Harbor.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 85 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-18
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Site description Background and objectives Project history Approach General Aircraft imagery and sensor data LANDSAT imagery Ground truth data Results and discussion Remote sensing techniques Conventional techniques Comparison of results Conclusions Advantages and disadvantages Applications Recommendations Literature cited
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  • 24
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/17
    In: CRREL Report, 78-17
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: This investigation utilized historical and recent aerial photographs and satellite imagery in 1) estimating changes in positions of the high-water line and sea cliff break and base, in rates of accretion and/or erosion, and in volumes of transported sediment, and 2) providing a preliminary evaluation of the direction of littoral transport along the outer Cape Cod coast. Using aerial photographs acquired in 1938, 1952, 1971 and 1974 with manual photointerpretation techniques, changes in the distances from selected reference points to the cliff break, cliff base and the high-water line were measured. LANDSAT-1 and -2 imagery acquired from 1 September 1972 to 28 May 1975 was evaluated for use in determining the directions of littoral transport that are active the predominant amount of time. Although the imagery has been very useful for this purpose at other locations, it proved to be useless along the outer shore of Cape Cod. Largest net migrations of the high water line from 1938 to 1974 occurred in the northern and southern portions of this coast. The northern maximum high water line was 321.4 ft, the southern was 1794.6 ft. The central portion of the coast was generally more stable with changes varying from 6.8 to 157.6 ft. Cliff-base recession rates varied from 0.4 to 7.3 ft/yr. Maximum estimated net volume of sediment deposited per linear foot of beach from 1938 to 1974 was 334 yd^3 (based on 2 yd^3/ft of recession or accretion); maximum eroded was 914 yd^3. Changes in the configuration of spits were used to evaluate directions of littoral transport since suspended sediment concentrations were generally not sufficient to act as natural tracers of surface currents. Based on the literature and a determination of the portion of the coast perpendicular to the direction of dominant wave approach, the location of the nodal zone for predominant littoral directions of drift probably shifts between the area near Spectacle Pond and North Truro Air Force Station. This investigation has illustrated a photo interpretation technique that is useful in performing a reconnaissance of coastal change. The data obtained from this method can be used to supplement those acquired by ground surveys and are valid as first approximations for planning subsequent, more detailed surveys.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 49 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-17
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurement Introduction Background Previous investigations Analytical procedures Results and discussion Shoreline changes: High-water line Shoreline changes: Cliff recession Volumetric changes Nodal zone location and direction of littoral transport Error evaluation Summary and conclusions Future research Selected bibliography Appendix A: Maps of shoreline with overlays for 1938, 1952, 1971 and 1974 Appendix B: Supplementary data for estimating shoreline change
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  • 25
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/10
    In: CRREL Report, 78-10
    Description / Table of Contents: The compressibility of wet snow is described in terms of pressure melting and nonlinear viscous deformation at grain contacts. The results of experiments with different salinities and liquid water contents are compared with computed densities. The decreasing compressibility of wet snow with increasing salinity and decreasing liquid content is quantified and explained. Simultaneous particle growth and the doubly charged layer at phase boundaries are included in the model. The results show that the density of wet snow increases approximately as a power of time but is highly dependent on the stress, initial particle size, liquid water content, and ionic impurity content of the snow.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-10
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Experimental procedure Grain growth Stressed particle contacts Fluid pressure Packing geometry Temperature distribution and heat flow Fluid and impurity flows Results The liquid film Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 26
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/8
    In: CRREL Report, 78-8
    Description / Table of Contents: The interaction of a 5.1-GHz transverse electric surface wave with a dielectric slab is experimentally investigated. The wave is initially supported by a dielectric substrate resting upon a metallic ground-plane. A slab, made of the same dielectric material as the substrate and variable in height, is then placed upon the waveguide. The results for a small slab sitting on the substrate showed that the discontinuity was a very inefficient launcher of reflected surface waves. Investigations of these reflections with a trough waveguide showed that, for values of slab height comparable to the exponential decay height of the surface wave, the reflections remain very small. However, as the slab height is increased beyond the decay height, the reflected amplitude approaches the theoretical value for a plane wave reflected from the interface between air and the same dielectric. The results are applicable to surface wave methods of microwave deicing of wings and helicopter rotors.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-8
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Background Objective and procedure Theory of plane surface waves Waveguide design and characteristics Physical apparatus Frequency characteristics Spatial distribution of Ey above the guide Guide wave length Surface wave interaction with a slab discontinuity Experiments with a trough Discussion and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 27
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/7
    In: CRREL Report, 78-7
    Description / Table of Contents: The theory of non-coaxial in-plane plastic deformation of soils that obey the Coulomb yield criterion is presented. The constitutive equations are derived by use of the geometry of the Mohr circle and the theory of characteristic lines. It is found that, for solving a boundary value problem, the non-coaxial angle must be given such values that enable us to accommodate the presupposed type of flow in the given domain satisfying the given boundary conditions. The non-coaxial angle is contained in the constitutive equations as a parameter. Therefore, the plastic material obeying the Coulomb yield criterion is a singular material whose constitutive equations are not constant with material but are variable with flow conditions.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-7
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstrac Preface Introduction Analysis of stress Geometry of the Mohr circle Stress characteristic directions Analysis of strain rate Constitutive equations Strain-rate characteristic directions Constitutive geometry Strain-rate tensor The dyadic expression Plastic work rate Coordinate transformation Example The stress solution Velocity equations in the a-characteristic curvilinear coordinates The constant speed solution Velocity equations in the constant density region Solution in the first constant-density subregion Solution in the second constant-density subregion Solution in the passive region Conclusion Literature cited
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  • 28
    Series available for loan
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/5
    In: CRREL Report, 78-5
    Description / Table of Contents: The viscoelastic deflection of an infinite floating ice plate subjected to a circular load was solved, assuming the Maxwell-Voigt type four-element model. An effective method of numerical integration of the solution integrals was developed, of which each integrand contains a product of Bessel functions extending to infinity. The theoretical curve was fitted to the field data, but the material constants thus found varied with time and location.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 32 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-5
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction The problem The solution Method of numerical integration Ramp/steady loading Curve fitting to time lapse deflections Asymptotic deflection Deflection profiles Acknowledgement Literature cited Appendix I. Analytical background Appendix II. Computer programs, ramp time profiles and steady time profiles
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  • 29
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/30
    In: CRREL Report, 77-30
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Ageneral computer model to simulate municipal snow removal has been developed. Programs which aid in the routing of snowplows are a part of this package. Once vehicle routes are created, the simulation program can be used to assess situations varying both equipment and meteorological parameters. Time for each plow to complete its route is calculated. Considerations are made for the above variable parameters plus plowing windrow, route starting depth, overlapping truck routes and intersection delay time. The effects of storm length, snowfall rate and starting depth on total plowing time are examined in a test case.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 7 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-30
    Language: English
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  • 30
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/23
    In: CRREL Report, 77-23
    Description / Table of Contents: This report discusses the relationship between an architect and a behavioral scientist. Some of the discussion applies to this cooperative work for design of buildings. The bulk, however, relates to the cooperation of architect and behavioral scientist while conducting research. Examples from collaborative research at Alaskan military installations are cited which demonstrate the roles and contributions of the two disciplines.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 8 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-23
    Language: English
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  • 31
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/21
    In: CRREL Report, 77-21
    Description / Table of Contents: Cold weather limits the successful application of built-up roofing, but often a roof installation must be completed late in the fall or in the winter. The loose-laid protected membrane roof with a synthetic sheet membrane can be installed in the middle of the winter with complete reliability. A synthetic membrane is traditionally more expensive than built-up roofing (rising crude oil prices, however, have reversed this condition), but it has two special features besides its suitability for winter installation: it can be placed on a damp deck, if necessary, and, being losse-laid, it does not split because of deck movement. This report documents information on the installation of two roofs in Anchorage, Alaska, during January and February 1972, including a discussion of the necessary snow removal from the bare deck and the use of portable shelters for preparing the lap joints between sheets during very cold weather. The winter installation caused no special construction problems and the advantages of the synthetic membrane make it an attractive alternative to built-up roofing. The cost of loose-laid protected membrane roofs in Alaska was, in 1972, nearly $300 per square ($28/sq.m), including insulation. Prices are rising as labor costs rise and as more insulation is specified.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-21
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction The protected membrane roof Winter construction considerations Construction costs Conclusion
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  • 32
    Series available for loan
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/19
    In: CRREL Report, 77-19
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, Part VI
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: The report deals with forces and power levels in cutting machines having adisc or drum that rotates about an axis perpendicular to the direction of advance. The forces on individual cutting tools are related to position on the rotor and to characteristics such as tool layout, rotor speed, rotor size, machine advance speed, and rotor torque. Integration leads to expressions for force components acting on the rotor axis, taking into account tool characteristics, cutting depth of the rotor, and rotor torque. These provide estimates of tractive thrust and thrust normal to the primary free surface. For self-propelled machines, this leads to considerations of traction, normal reaction, weight and balance, and power/weight ratios. Specific energy consumption is analyzed and related to machine characteristics and strength ofthe material being cut. Power per unit working area is discussed, and data for existing machines are summarized. Power requirements for ejection ofcuttings are analyzed, and the hydrodynamic resistance on underwater cuttings is treated. A number of worked examples are given to illustrate the principles discussed in the report.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 36 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-19
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Foreword Introduction Terminology Forces on individual cutters Torque force and tool force Forces on the rotor axis Tractive thrust and down thrust Alternative tool force formulations Vehicle traction Power/weight ratio Weight and balance Force, torque, speed and power Specific energy Efficiency and performance index Power density Power requirements for ejection of cuttings Hydrodynamic resistance in underwater cutting
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  • 33
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/18
    In: CRREL Report, 77-18
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Models originally developed to describe the arching and the movement of granular materials through hoppers or chutes are applied to the arching and drift of pack ice in straits and gulfs having lengths of 50 to 500 km. Verification of the usefulness of the models is attempted by making comparisons with ice deformation patterns as observed via satellite imagery in the Bering Strait region and in Amundsen Gulf. The results are encouraging in that there is good correspondence between observed arching and lead patterns and those predicted by theory. In addition, values determined via the model for the angle of internal friction (≈ 30° to 35°) and the cohesive strength per unit thickness (≈ 2000 N/m) are similar to values obtained by other approaches. It is estimated that if the wind velocity parallel to the Bering Strait exceeds ≈ 6 m/s, there will be ice flow through the strait.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 11 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-18
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Theory Limiting span of an arch Flow of pack ice through converging channels Stoppage of flow Applications St. Lawrence Amundsen Gulf Bering Strait Conclusion References
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  • 34
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/16
    In: CRREL Report, 77-16
    Description / Table of Contents: A brief discussion is given of the ways an icebreaker breaks ice. Since the icebreaking process is so complex, the solution of a mathematical model does not appear to be feasible. As an alternative, it is suggested that physical models be used to design icebreakers. The appropriate scaling laws for physical models are developed and their practical limitation discussed.
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    Pages: ii, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-16
    Language: English
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  • 35
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/12
    In: CRREL Report, 77-12
    Description / Table of Contents: A computer program to calculate the increased live load on a snow-covered roof due to rain-on-snow is given. For the 25-year rainstorm falling on a heavy snow load on a flat roof in Hanover, New Hamsphire, and additional 98 kg/m2 (20 lb/ft2) of liquid water is added to the live load. The additional load due to rain-on-snow is very sensitive to the snow properties and characteristics of the roof. A wide range of live loads is possible, depending on the particular circumstances.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-12
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Summary Nomenclature Introduction Water movement through snow Vertical percolation Lateral flow Flat roofs Sloping roofs Rainfall intensity-duration effects Miscellaneous effects Radial flow to drains Flow along gutters on snow-covered roofs Snow structure Basal layer Conclusion Literature citied Appendix A. Computer program calculating roof loads from rain-on-snow
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  • 36
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/15
    In: CRREL Report, 77-15
    Description / Table of Contents: A laboratory experimental study was conducted on a scale model of an annular flow ice-water heat sink to be used to store the waste heat produced in a hardened defense installation operating in an isolated mode. The study ex­amined: 1) scaling relationships for predicting the performance of prototype units using data from scale models, 2) the accuracy of a computer prediction technique developed during an earlier study, 3) the heat transfer phenom­enon at the ice-water interface, and 4) some practical aspects related to the operation of a prototype installation. The scaling relationships and the computer program were found to be sufficiently accurate for use in developing a proto­type sink design. During operation the scale model sink provided an almost constant low temperature source of coolant water for approximately one-half its useful life and thereafter behaved like an ordinary stored water reservoir type heat sink. No significant operational problems were discovered.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 54 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-15
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurement Introduction Description of experiment Apparatus Test procedure Experimental results Summary of experimental tests Influence of coolant water flow rates Approximation of the rate of melting Comparison of experimental and computed results Comparative analysis of the model sinks Approximation of the heat transfer coefficient Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Experimental data, heat sink Model II Appendix B. Heat sink scaling and similarity relationships Appendix C. Derivation of the relationships for the heat transfer coefficient, Reynolds and Nusselt numbers Appendix D. Determination of freezing rates and refrigeration loads Appendix E. Approximation of stresses in the heat sink tank
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  • 37
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/10
    In: CRREL Report, 77-10
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: The amount of force that an ice sheet can apply to a vertical pile was tested by lowering a hydraulic ram device into a hole cut in an existing ice sheet. The device had a large base and shoved a relatively narrow vertical pile in a horizontal direction. Test variables were: pile widths - 1.5 in. to 36.7 in.; pile shapes - flat, round, 45 ° and 90° wedges; ice thickness - 2.6 in. to 8.8 in.; and ram speed - 0.07 in./sec to 18.75 in./sec; but not all shapes and sizes were tested at all speeds. Air temperature was 20 ° F (-6.7 ° C). Forces and displacements were measured electronically. The findings are presented as a table of test results and as bar graphs of the resultant ice pressures versus the pile width-to-ice-thickness ratio, pile width and shape combination and pile velocity. The types of failures in the ice sheet were classified as crushing, splitting, buckling, bending, and creeping. The ice sheet generally withstood a high initial load followed by several lower peak load levels. The maximum ice pressure measured was 610 psi for a 12.6-in.-diam round pile in 8.4-in.-thick ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-10
    Language: English
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  • 38
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/9
    In: CRREL Report, 77-9
    Description / Table of Contents: This report presents experimental results on the conditions of initiation of an ice jam by a simple surface obstruction, on the equilibrium thickness of an ice jam formed by accumulation and submergence of ice floes, and on the compression strength of floating, fragmented ice cover. In the study on ice jam initiation, it was found that the minimum concentration of floes in the opening of the obstruction at which a jam occurs is nearly independent of the ratio of width of constricted passage to channel width, and is proportional to a negative power of the ratio of floe length to width of constricted passage. From energy analysis of floe submergence, a relationship relating the thickness of a jam formed by accumulation and submergence of floes to the approach flow characteristics was derived and found to fit satisfactorily the experimental data. In experiments on compression strength of floating, fragmented ice cover it was found that the compressive strength is inversely proportional to compression velocity and independent of cover length.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 45 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-9
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction I. Initiation of ice jams by partial surface obstructions A. Introductory remarks B. Experimental apparatus and procedure C. Dimensional analysis D. Presentation of results and discussion ΙΙ. Thickness of ice jams due to accumulation and transport of ice floes A. Introductory remarks B. Experimental apparatus and procedures C. Presentation of results E. Conclusion III. Compressive strength of floating fragmented ice covers A. Introductory remarks B. Experimental setup and procedure C. Presentation of results and discussion D. Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Experimental results on ice jam initiation Appendix B: Effect of surface tension on submergence velocity of ice floes Appendix C: Experimental results for ice jam thickness study Appendix D: Experimental results on compressive strength of fragmented ice cover
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  • 39
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/7
    In: CRREL Report, 77-7
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, IV
    Description / Table of Contents: The report deals with the cutting of rock and similar materials by parallel motion tools. It examines cutting forces and energy requirements, taking into consideration tool geometry, wear, operating conditions, and material properties. After an introductory discussion of terminology, some general principles are outlined, and relevant theoretical ideas on metal cutting and rock cutting are reviewed. The next section, which is the heart of the report, reviews experimental data on the magnitudes and directions of cutting forces. There is a graphical compilation of data, including some from obscure or unpublished sources. The variables covered include chipping depth, rake angle, relief angle, side rake, base angle, tool width, tool compliance, tool speed, tool wear, tool interactions, and material properties. The second major part of the report treats the energetics of cutting. It begins with a short discussion of relevant principles, and continues with a compilation and review of experimental data, covering the same independent variables as the force section. The report ends with a concise summary of general behavior for parallel motion tools.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: xi, 85 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-7
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Foreword Introduction Terminology Principles of cutting Forces acting on a single cutter Theoretical Ideas on cutting Experimental data on cutting forces Effect of chipping depth on tool forces Effect of rake angle on tool forces Effect of relief angle on cutting forces Effect of side rake on tool forces Effect of base angle or face profile on tool forces Effect of rounding at the cutting edge Effect of tool width on cutting forces Tool compliance and force fluctuations Effect of tool speed on cutting forces Effect of rock properties on cutting forces Tool interaction and kerf spacing Effect of multiple pass cutting on tool forces Effect of tool wear on cutting forces Development of wear Energetics of cutting Energetics of parallel-motion tools Variation of specific energy with chipping depth for a single tool Effect of rake angle on specific energy Effect of relief angle on specific energy Effect of side rake on specific energy Effect of base angle or face profile on specific energy Effect of tip radius on specific energy Effect of tool width on specific energy Effect of tool speed on specific energy Variation of specific energy with rock properties Effect of kerf spacing on specific energy Effect of multiple pass cutting on specific energy Effect of tool wear on specific energy General summary Literature cited Appendix Α. Additional data for ice Appendix Β. Conversion factors: U.S. customary and metric units of measurement
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  • 40
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/14
    In: CRREL Report, 77-14
    Description / Table of Contents: The breakup of the Chena River was observed and documented during the spring of 1975 and 1976. This study attempted to determine the potential for damage to the proposed Chena River flood control dam from ice and debris during breakup. Results of this study were compared to those of a 1974 companion study. In 1975, ice thickness were determined to be 15% thinner than in 1974 and ice volume was 33% smaller. No major ice floes were observed in 1975 and no significant flooding occurred, although the approaches to a bridge at the damsite were eroded by debris and high water immediately after breakup. The 1976 breakup was milder than that of 1975. Minor flooding in the lower river was caused by jamming of a few large ice pieces, but no property damage resulted.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 44 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-14
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Ice thickness and quantity Chronology of the 1975 Chena River breakup Checkpoint 3 Checkpoint 4 Checkpoint 5 Checkpoint 6 Checkpoint A Checkpoint 7 Checkpoint C Checkpoint D Checkpoint 8 Checkpoint 10 Checkpoint 11 Checkpoint 12 Spring flooding and debris The 1976 Chena River breakup Breakup in other years Summary and conclusions Appendix A. Sequential photographs of 1975 breakup at checkpoints 3-12
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  • 41
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/11
    In: CRREL Report, 77-11
    Description / Table of Contents: Two performance indicators, effectiveness and thermal efficiency, are defined and used to evaluate the year-round performance of three protected membrane roofs in Alaska and New Hampshire. Effectiveness is a measure of the deviations of ceiling temperatures from a yearly average, with large diviations indicating erratic performance in the roofing-insulation system and small departures indicating a thermally stable system. Thermal efficiency, the ratio of calculated heat loss to measured heat loss, is affected by climatic conditions such as rain, snow, solar radiation and wind. Thermal efficiency values of 100% or greater are possible since the calculated heat loss is based only on the inside and outside air temperature differences and the thermal properties of the roof components. Results of the year-round evaluation indicate that the three protected membrane roofs generally have high values of both effectiveness and thermal efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 40 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-11
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S.customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Introduction Location of test sites Fairbanks Anchorage Hanover, N.H. Test program Instrumentation Effectiveness Therma lefficiency Heat balance within the roof Comparisons with conventional systems Conclusions Effectiveness of the test roof Thermal efficiency Heat balance within the roof Applicability Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Temperature and heat flow measurements, Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska, and Hanover, New Hampshire Appendix B. Thermal efficiencies of the test roof, Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska, and Hanover, New Hampshire Appendix C. January 1973 and August 1972 comparisons of protected membrane and conventional built-up membrane systems at Hanover, New Hampshire
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  • 42
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/8
    In: CRREL Report, 77-8
    Description / Table of Contents: A broadbanded impulse radar system was used for aerial detection of accumulated frazil and brash ice in a 9.5-km reach of the St. Lawrence River near Ogden Island. The remote sensing and data reduction system developed for the project provided data sufficient for production of a contour map having 1-ft intervals. With this contour map, the accumulation pattern of frazil and brash ice could be analyzed. Recommendations are given for improving the performance of the aerial profiling system.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-8
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Background Objectives Profiling system Approach Profiling method Data reduction and interpretation Results Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Comparison of ground and aerial data
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  • 43
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/14
    In: CRREL Report, 76-14
    Description / Table of Contents: At the height of warm weather in Alaska in 1975, temperature measurements were made to determine the extent of the thermal impact on French Creek due to a condenser cooling water impact from the Eielson AFB Power plant. Water temperature measurements during a two-day period failed to show any significant thermal impact on the water in French Creek. It was concluded that no thermal pollution exists due to this warm water input at the volumes and conditions that presently exist.
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    Pages: ii, 5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-14
    Language: English
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  • 44
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/13
    In: CRREL Report, 76-13
    Description / Table of Contents: The thermal structure and ice conditions of Lake Champlain, a mid-latitude large lake, near Shelburne Point, Vermont, were studied during the winter of 1974-75. The lake was instrumented to a depth of 8.5 m with a string of highly calibrated thermistors, connected to a data logger on shore which recorded water temperatures every four hours. An ice mooring system was developed to anchor the thermistor string so that ice and water temperatures could be obtained at known levels. This temperature recording system measured vertical and horizontal variations in ice and water temperature regimes during ice formation, growth and decay. Meteorological data were measured during the winter period November 1974 through March 1975 at the site. Ice stratigraphy was determined for the ice at the site at its maximum seasonal growth for comparison with ice from St. Albans Bay (at the northern end of Lake Champlain) which had formed earlier. Correlations were determined between ice growth and accumulated degree days of freezing. The operation of a bubbler system installed near the measurement site around a service dock was observed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 22 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-13
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Climate Site selection Instrumentation, measurements and calibration Installation of automatic water temperature recording system Visual observations and ice structure St. Albans Shelburne Analysis Temperature comparison Water temperature measuring system Changes in water temperature Wind Degree-days of freezing Prediction of ice formation Bubbler system Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited
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  • 45
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/16
    In: CRREL Report, 76-16
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, (DE-B103)20210225152525
    Description / Table of Contents: This report, which is one of a series on the mechanics of cutting and boring in rock, deals with the kinematics of machines such as rotary drills, augers, tunnel boring machines, corers, and raise borers, in which the rotary cutting unit revolves about an axis that is parallel to the machine's direction of advance. The discussion and analysis cover the geometry and motion of various components of the cutting systems, including such topics as tool trajectories, tool speeds, motions of the more complicated mechanisms, chipping depth, penetration rates, production and clearance of cuttings, tool angles, and spatial distribution of cutters. Worked examples are given to illustrate the application of various equations to practical problems.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ix, 45 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-16
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Foreword Terminology Trajectories of fixed tools Trajectories of roller cutters and indenters Speed of fixed cutting tools Speed of rolling disc cutters Speed and geometry of "wide" roller cutters Skidding rollers "Spiked" rollers Epicyclic or planetary mechanisms Chipping depth and penetration rate Chip production and cutting removal rate Balancing cutting and clearing rates in flight augers Tool relief angles - kinematic considerations Tool rake angles Distribution and spacing of cutting tools Radial tool spacing Angular tool spacing Spacing in the axial direction Literature cited
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  • 46
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/15
    In: CRREL Report, 76-15
    Description / Table of Contents: A literature review of revegetation and biological aspects of restoration research was completed for arctic and sub­arctic North America. Although there is a great deal of climatic variation in this region it is generally characterized by extreme conditions, such as a short growing season and permafrost. Most of the revegetation research has been undertaken in the last six years as a result of increased natural resource development. The primary goal has been erosion control, with aesthetics, minimization of thermokarst, and production of browse as other objectives. Revege­tation and long-term restoration methods depend upon such variables as the site conditions, nutrient regime (especially as this is influenced by the climatic conditions in the Arctic and Subarctic), plant adaptations, and the selection of native or introduced species. Technologies which have been developed to meet these conditions primarily include seedbed preparation, use of seed mixes, and fertilization and seeding methods. Most of the research has focused on the use of agronomic grasses and legumes. These are selected on the basis of a number of factors, such as cold hardiness and growth form prior to evaluation in the laboratory and the field. The most successful species to date have been Arctared fescue and Nugget bluegrass in the Arctic, while these two as well as creeping red fescue, meadow foxtail, Frontier reed canarygrass, Durar hard fescue, slender wheatgrass, and Icelandic poa did well in the Subarctic. Similar methods have been attempted to a more limited extent with evaluation of native herbaceous and woody species which seem promising on the basis of natural succession studies. There are a number of continuing research needs for arctic anc subarctic revegetation. These include fertilization strategies, development of specialized techniques (such as sprigging) for native species, and longer term studies. It is particularly important to integrate short term revegetatio methods with long-term restoration goals.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 32 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-15
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Introduction Definition of revegetation Definition of restoration Objectives Some revegetation considerations Site conditions Nutrient regime Plant adaptations Native species vs introduced species Methods Seedbed preparation Seeding methods Timing of seeding Seed mixes Fertilization Agronomic grasses and legumes Selection criteria Laboratory evaluation Field evaluation Effect of revegetation methods Site conditions Maintenance of herbaceous cover Introduced woody species Native species — succession Significance of disturbance Primary succession Secondary succession Herbaceous native species Selection Laboratory evaluation Field evaluation Effect of revegetation methods Woody native species Selection Laboratory evaluation Field evaluation Native species and agronomic species, in combination Recommendations for research Summary Bibliography Appendix: Species tested
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  • 47
    Call number: ZSP-553-1
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 24 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 8717025818
    ISSN: 0106-1046
    Series Statement: Meddelelser om Grønland : Geoscience 1
    Language: English
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  • 48
    Call number: ZSP-558
    In: Middle atmosphere program
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 97 S.
    Series Statement: Middle atmosphere program
    Language: English
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  • 49
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Moskva [u. a.] ; 1.1947 -
    Call number: MOP Per 379
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    ISSN: 0372-199x
    Uniform Title: Works of the Central Aerological Observatory, Moskow
    Language: Russian
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 50
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Englewood Cliffs : Prentice-Hall
    Call number: M 93.0147
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 498 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0133510646
    Language: English
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  • 51
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    Ann Arbor
    Call number: 93.0201
    Pages: VI, 265 S.
    Language: English
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  • 52
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    New York [u.a.] : Pergamon Press
    Call number: M 93.0234
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 288 S. : Ill.
    Edition: 2. print.
    ISBN: 0080195946
    Language: English
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  • 53
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    New York [u.a.]: Wiley
    Call number: M 93.0155
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 481 S.
    Language: English
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  • 54
    Call number: PIK N 456-99-0151 ; MOP 44361/3 / Mitte
    In: Proceedings of the joint symposium on atmospheric ozone, Volume 3
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 386 Seiten
    Series Statement: Proceedings of the joint symposium on atmospheric ozone 3
    Language: English
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
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  • 55
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Hannover : Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9882/I ; M 93.0064/1
    In: The iron ore deposits of Europe and adjacent areas
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 418 S. : graph. Darst.
    Language: English
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  • 56
    Call number: M 93.0039/2
    In: Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 432 S.
    ISBN: 0875902138
    Language: English
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  • 57
    Call number: 9/M 93.0187/1
    In: Developments in economic geology
    In: Association of Exploration Geochemists: Special publication
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 720 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0444412808
    Series Statement: Developments in economic geology 1) (Association of Exploration Geochemists special Publication 2
    Language: English
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  • 58
    Call number: 12222 ; M 93.0039/1
    In: Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 399 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 087590212X
    Language: English
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  • 59
    Series available for loan
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/16
    In: CRREL Report, 78-16
    Description / Table of Contents: A model investigation of drifting snow conditions was conducted in a hydraulic flume using a sand-water analog. Model results were evaluated to define modeling parameters that would allow quantitative correlation between measured prototype drift conditions and the model. The modeled structure was the standard plan snow fence designed by the Wyoming Highway Department and installed along Interstate Highway 80 in 1971. The performance of this system was documented by the Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station of the U.S. Forest Service. Models of the fence were constructed for three heights and two geometric scales. Geometric scaling was based on terrain roughness and boundary layer thickness considerations, while velocity scaling was based on particle fall velocity and threshold of motion characteristics. Simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer was found to be of primary importance. Velocity scaling analysis suggested the use of a 'significant wind' concept based on a combination of velocity magnitude and frequency. Similarity of precipitation rate was not essential, and could be altered within limits to adjust the time scale. The response of the model to the shape of model elements was significant. Although the model is distorted and inexact similarity is achieved, it appears useful on a practical basis.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-16
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Background Experimental design Similitude considerations The model Model operation Results Velocity Fence height Porosity Model correlation Summary and conclusions Recommeqdations for future work Literature cited Appendix A
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  • 60
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/15
    In: CRREL Report, 78-15
    Description / Table of Contents: This report first discusses the general approach for calculating the horizontal forces an ice cover exerts on a structure. Ice force determination consists of two parts: (1) the analysis of the in-plane forces assuming that the ice cover remains intact and (2) the use of a failure criterion, since an ice force cannot be larger than the force capable of breaking up the ice cover. For an estimate of the largest ice force, an elastic plate analysis and a failure criterion are often sufficient. A review of the literature revealed that, in the majority of the analyses, it is assumed that the failure load is directly related to a 'crushing strength' of the ice cover. However, observations in the field and tests in the laboratory show that in some instances the ice cover fails by buckling. This report reviews the ice force analyses based on the buckling failure mechanism and points out their shortcomings. The report then presents a new method of analysis which is based on the buckling mechanism
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-15
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction and statement of problem Review of relevant analyses and tests Determination of the largest ice force on an isolated structure Preliminary remarks The buckling analysis of a floating wedge Proposed method to determine Literature cited
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  • 61
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/23
    In: CRREL Report, 78-23
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 53 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-23
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Conversion factors: Metric (SI) to U.S. customary units of measurement Introduction Selection of experimental approach Previous investigations of effect of freeze-thaw on soil deform ability Selection of laboratory test method Selection of method of field validation tests Field repeated-load plate-bearing tests Test pavements, soils and materials Test procedures and results Resilient modulus of subgrade calculated from field tests Mathematical model Characterization of asphalt concrete Characterization of frozen silt Calculated resilient modulus of silt within the zone of freezing Laboratory repeated-load triaxial tests Specimens, equipment and testing procedures Apparatus Procedures Resilient properties calculated from laboratory tests Calculation methods Asphalt concrete - test results Asphalt concrete - statistical analysis and discussion Silt - test results Silt - statistical analysis Discussion and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Repeated-load plate-bearing test results Appendix B. Laboratory repeated-load triaxial test results Appendix C. Regression equation coefficients for resilient modulus and Poisson’s ratio from repeated-load triaxial test data on asphalt concrete and silt Appendix D. Detailed procedures for repeated-load triaxial testing
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  • 62
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/22
    In: CRREL Report, 78-22
    Description / Table of Contents: Special environmental factors that influence the design, laying and maintenance of undersea pipelines and cables in polar waters are described. Various approaches to the protection of submarine pipes and cables are considered, and prime emphasis is given to burial techniques for shallow water. A wide range of methods for trenching and burying are discussed, and technical data are given.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 36 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-22
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Types of pipelines and cables Potential hazards to pipelines and cables Areas of concern Waterdepth Sea ice Icebergs and ice islands Submarine permafrost Ice gouging Seabed erosion by water jets Protection methods Protection of unburied pipes and cables Protection by burial Backhoe digging Wireline equipment Plowing and ripping from the surface Plowing and ripping by self-propelled seabed vehicles Bucket ladder dredges Suction dredging Conventional cutterhead dredges Low pressure water jetting Bottom-traveling cutterhead dredges Explosive methods Novel methods Disc saws, wheel ditchers and milling drums Ladder trenchers and chain saws Repetitive impulse devices High pressure water jets Flame jets and plasma torches Electrical discharge and electromagnetic radiation Chemical methods Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 63
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/9
    In: CRREL Report, 78-9
    Description / Table of Contents: Large, simply supported beams of temperate lake ice were found, generally, to yield significantly higher flexural strengths than the same beams tested in the cantilever mode. Data support the view that a significant stress concentration may exist at the fixed corners of the cantilever beams. Maximum effects are experienced with beams of cold, brittle ice substantially free of structural imperfections; for this kind of ice the strength difference factor, here attributed to the effect of stress concentrations, may exceed 2.0; that is, simply supported beams test a factor of 2 or more stronger than the same beams tested in the cantilever mode. In ice that has undergone extensive thermal degradation, the stress concentration effect may be eliminated entirely. Simply supported beams generally yield higher strengths when the top surfaces are placed in tension. This behavior is attributed to differences in ice type; the fine-grained, crack-free top layer of snow-ice which constituted up to 50% of the ice cover in the current series of tests usually reacted more strongly in tension than the coarse-grained crack-prone bottom lake ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 14 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-9
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test sites and ice cover properties Beam testing Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 64
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/6
    In: CRREL Report, 78-6
    Description / Table of Contents: A new freezing mechanism, called segregation freezing, is proposed to explain the generation of the suction force that draws pore water up to the freezing surface of a growing ice lens. The segregation freezing temperature is derived by applying thermodynamics to a soil mechanics concept that distinguishes the effective pressure from the neutral pressure. The frost-heaving pressure is formulated in the solution of the differential equations of the simultaneous flow of heat and water, of which the segregation freezing temperature is one of the boundary conditions.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-6
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Segregation freezing Analysis Heat conduction in the nascent ice layer Water flow in the unfrozen soil Heat transfer in the unfrozen soil Energy balance at the segregation-freezing front Numerical computation Literature cited Appendix A. Essence of Portnov’s method Appendix B. Frost-heaving without air available
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  • 65
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/14
    In: CRREL Report, 78-14
    Description / Table of Contents: The analytical solution and the numerical study of the eigenvalue problem for determining the buckling pressure of an infinite elastic plate floating on water and stressed uniformly along the periphery of an internal hole is presented. The boundary conditions considered are the clamped-, simple-, and free-edge conditions. Small buckling pressure occurs only for the free-edge condition. The shape of the deflection for the free-edge condition suggests that buckling is an important mechanism of failure.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 55 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-14
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction 1. The problem 2. Abstract of the result Part I. Fundamental solutions 3. Fuchsian type solutions 4. Contour integral solution 5. Integration of the integral solution 6. Fundamental solutions for α = 1 7. Fundamental solutions for α = 0 8. Eigenvalues for α = 0 9. Fundamental solutions for α 〉 1 Part II. Asymptotic expansions 10. Asymptotic expansion for 0 〈 α ⩽1 11. Asymptotic expansion for 1 ≦ α ≦ 2 12. Asymptotic expansion for 2 ≦ α ≦ ∞ Part III. Eigenvalues 13. Range of eigenvalues 14. Eigenvalues for the free-edge condition 15. Eigenvalues for the clamped-edge and simple-edge conditions 16. Deflection Acknowledgement Literature cited Appendix A. Analytical continuation at the singular point Appendix B. Tensorial transformations Appendix C. Comparison of the semi-infinite plate buckling with the asymptotic buckling
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  • 66
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/29
    In: CRREL Report, 77-29
    Description / Table of Contents: Results of measurements of salinity, grain size, substructure dimensions and crystal fabrics of the undeformed 2.15-m-thick annual sea ice sheet near Narwhal Island, Alaska, are presented. A notable observation was the formation of a dominant c-axis horizontal structure in all ice below 14 cm, including transformation to a pronounced east-west alignment of the c-axes by a depth of 66 cm. This study confirms earlier reports of the occurrence of very strong horizontal c-axis alignments in arctic fast ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 8 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-29
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Sampling and analytical procedures Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 67
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/28
    In: CRREL Report, 77-28
    Description / Table of Contents: Tests were conducted to assess the extent of surface degradation resulting from the application of non-chloride deicing chemicals on three types of airfield pavements. The chemicals tested were proprietary mixtures of urea, formamide, and ethylene glycol; sodium chloride, distilled water, and dry specimens were used as controls and for comparison. Pavements included new and old specimens of open-graded asphaltic concrete and old specimens of dense-graded asphaltic concrete. Portland cement concrete specimens used were new and old, with and without air-entrainment. New and old tar rubber concrete specimens were also tested. Samples were subjected to up to 60 freeze-thaw cycles with deicing chemicals flooding their upper surface. Each specimen was rated on a scale of 0-5 after every five freeze-thaw cycles. All PCC specimens showed some surface degradation, whereas the dense- and open-graded asphaltic concretes were largely unaffected.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-28
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) Units of measurement Introduction Test procedure Pavement types Deicing chemicals Description of tests Discussion Literature cited Appendix A: Test results Appendix B: Portland cement concrete materials data
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  • 68
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/27
    In: CRREL Report, 77-27
    Description / Table of Contents: The spectral reflectance of natural snow in the range of 0.20- to about 0.40-micrometers wavelengths was studied in the laboratory using both continuous spectral scanning and fixed bandpass measurements. White barium sulfate pressed powder was used as a standard for comparison. The reflectance of fresh snow was found to be very high (usually nearly 100%) and only weakly wavelength dependent from 0.24 micrometers to the visible range. In the 0.20- to 0.24-micrometers portion of the spectrum, the reflectance was found to be quite erratic. Possible reasons for the irregularities in reflectance measurements are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-27
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Experimental procedure Snow collection Spectrophotometric methods Data analysis Potential sources of error Presentation of results Continuous-scan measurements Comparison of sequential bandpass and continuous-scan measurements Theoretical calculations Discussion of results Differences in amplitude of reflectance measurements Irregularities in the shape of spectral reflectance curves The true spectral reflectance of snow in the ultraviolet region Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Absolute reflectance values of pressed BaSO4 powder
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  • 69
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/3
    In: CRREL Report, 78-3
    Description / Table of Contents: The mathematical theory for the bearing capacity of river ice for vehicles is presented. The floating ice sheet is assumed to have simple supports at the shore line. Solutions are presented for loads uniformly distributed over circular and rectangular areas. Numerical evaluations are made for a number of vehicles and the results presented in graphical form
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 22 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-3
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Introduction Theory Solution by superposition Solution by Fourier integral Solution by Fourier series Application and results Literature cited Appendix A: Bearing capacity of river ice for military vehicles Appendix B: Vehicle specifications Appendix C: Fortran II computer program
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  • 70
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/4
    In: CRREL Report, 78-4
    Description / Table of Contents: The use of radio-echo sounding records to indicate the presence of internal layers within large ice sheets is of interest to glaciologists because it offers a means of tracking the internal properties of the ice sheets over large distances. The interpretation of the reflections obtained in this manner is more valuable, however, if a physical property change relating to the glaciological regime can be related to the dielectric property change producing the radio-echo reflections. In this report, we use the measured physical properties of core to bedrock taken at Cape Folger, East Antarctica (66 deg 22 min s, 111 deg (E), 324-m depth), to compute a profile of dielectric properties and from this, a depth-reflection coefficient profile for comparison with observed radio-echo reflections. The measurements available on physical properties are: density variations, bubble size and shape changes, and crystal fabric variations. The depths of the strong reflections shown on the available radio-echo records are in reasonable agreement with the depths corresponding to the highest reflection coefficients computed from the combined physical property measurements. In calculations to differentiate the separate effects of different physical properties, it appears that density variations account for the primary contributions to the calculated dielectric property changes corresponding to the highest reflection coefficients. However, bubble changes alone can also account for reasonable, though lower, reflection coefficients at the appropriate depths. Crystal fabric variations correspond poorly with the reflection locations. Density variations are normally associated with depositional events in the history of the ice sheet.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-4
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Derivation of the power reflection coefficient-depth variation Possible sources of dielectric constant variation with depth in ice sheets Ice density variations Effect of macroscopic impurity layers Effect of microscopic impurtty layers Changes in inclusion geometry Effect of crystal orientation changes Physical properties of the Cape Folger core Density-depth profile Air bubble-geometry depth profile Crystal orientation-depth profile Radio-echo sounding data Results and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 71
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/1
    In: CRREL Report, 78-1
    Description / Table of Contents: The results of axial double point-load tests on disk samples of snow and ice obtained from the area of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, are presented. They show the effects of temperature, sample length, load point diameter and specific gravity on failure load. It was determined that 13 samples should be tested to obtain a representative mean strength index. The results show that the axial double point-load test has good possibilities as a rapid field test for determining the unconfined comrpessive strength of snow and ice but that further evaluation of the variables affecting test results must be made.
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    Pages: iii, 11 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-1
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test procedure Test program Test samples Number of test for determining strength index Effect of temperature Effect of sample length Effect of load point size Tests on snow Discussion Recommendations Literature cited
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  • 72
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/2
    In: CRREL Report, 78-2
    Description / Table of Contents: Many of the technical questions relating to iceberg transport are given brief, but quantitative, consideration. These include iceberg genesis and properties, the mechanical stability of icebergs at sea, towing forces and tug characteristics, drag coefficients, ablation rates, and handling and processing the iceberg at both the pick-up site and at the final destination. In particular the paper attempts to make technical information on glaciological and ice engineering aspects of the problem more readily available to the interested planner or engineer. Specific conclusions include: (1) No unprotected iceberg, no matter how long or wide, would be likely to survive the ablation caused by a long trip to low latitudes. (2) Icebergs that have a horizontal dimension exceeding 2 km may well be prone to breakup by long wavelength swells. (3) To avoid the dangers associated with an iceberg capsizing, the width of a 200-m thick iceberg should always be more than 300 m. (4) For towing efficiency the length/width ratio of a towed iceberg should be appreciably greater than unity. (5) For a pilot project, the selected iceberg would have to be quite small, if for no other reason than the practical availability of tug power.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 31 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-2
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Sources and properties of tabular icebergs Sources Characteristics of ice shelves near the ice front Characteristics of tabular icebergs Towing Geophysical and engineering considerations Tug characteristics Handling and processing Cutting and boring with thermal devices Penetration with electrothermal devices Electrothermal cutting Making vertical cuts by pre-split blasting Primary fragmentation by blasting Primary fragmentation by mechanical sawing Comminuting ice with machines Slurry pipelines Conclusion Literature cited
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  • 73
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/32
    In: CRREL Report, 77-32
    Description / Table of Contents: An experimental study of forced convective heat transfer over a vertical melting plate has been conducted. This study covers water velocities ranging from 1.7 to 9.8 mm/s and bulk water temperatures from 1.11 to 7.50 C. The experimental results are correlated in terms of Nusselt, Prandtl and Reynolds numbers with a moderate correlation coefficient of 0.843. The results are expected to be useful in predicting the heat transfer characteristics of a much larger prototype ice-water heat sink.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-32
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Summary Introduction Problem General review of the subject Experimental apparatus General considerations Water reservoir Test chamber assembly Pumping system Electrical control system Experimental procedure Experimental results Discussion and comparison of results Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 74
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/17
    In: CRREL Report, 76-17
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, (DE-B103)20210225152525
    Description / Table of Contents: This report, which is one of a series on the mechanics of cutting and boring in rock, deals with the kinematics of machines which utilize a continuous belt as the cutting unit (e.g. coal saws, shale saws, digger-chain trenchers). The discussion and analysis cover the geometry and motion of various components of the cutting system, including such topics as chipping depth, production and conveyance of cuttings, tool trajectories, tool speeds, tool angles, and arrangement of cutting tools on the belt. Worked examples are included to illustrate the application of various equations to practical problems
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: viii, 24 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-17
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Foreword Introduction Terminology Chipping depth Production and conveyance of cuttings Tool trajectories Tool speeds Tool relief angles — kinematic considerations Tool rake angles Belt curvature, slackness and flexibility Tool layout Longitudinal tool spacing Transverse tool spacing Cross-section profiles of the kerf Literature cited
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  • 75
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/20
    In: CRREL Report, 76-20
    Description / Table of Contents: Under ordinary conditions the freezing of water begins with supercooling and ice nucleation, and proceeds at 0°C at the ice/water interface until ice formation stops. The presence of solutes, high pressure, or dispersal in fine pores causes the water to freeze at temperatures below 0°C (the so-called freezing point depression). Whenever freezing begins, it pro­ceeds at a constant temperature, or at a temperature which becomes progressively lower. A temperature rise during ice formation is considered here to be an anomaly. Under all equal circumstances, the conditions under which an anomal­ous freezing temperature is observable appear to be very special. This report describes two different experiments dis­playing the anomalous rise of temperature after nucleation and during ice formation. In one case the water was dispersed in the fine pores of fine powders; in the other case pure water was frozen in a transparent insulated cell. Photographic observations were made; relations of ice surface to water volume were measured.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-20
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Conversion factors for U.S.customary and SI units Introduction Materials, instruments, measurements Experiments with water freezing in fine pores Freezing experiments with bulk water Summary and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 76
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/5
    In: CRREL Report, 76-5
    Description / Table of Contents: Griffith, and later Babel, have previously developed a tensile fracture criterion for a two-dimensional state of stress. This theory is extended to the compression-compression region. From this theory the angle of fracture is developed. The theory is extended conceptually to three dimensions. Triaxial test data by Haynes for snow-ice are shown in this three-dimensional fracture theory. The test data are slightly less than those predicted when the void in the snow-ice is spherical.
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    Pages: iii, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-5
    Language: English
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  • 77
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/7
    In: CRREL Report, 76-7
    Description / Table of Contents: This report covers a series of cantilever beam tests designed to determined the efficacy of adding reinforcement to an ice cover. Tests were run using 1-in.-diam tree branches, 3/16-in.-diam wire rope and 9/16-in. half-round wood dowels as reinforcement for both seawater and freshwater ice. The results show a definite advantage derived from using reinforcement, even when poorly placed. The results also show that reinforced ice carries a load even after it cracks. Thus, after the initial cracks there is time to remove people and equipment before final breakthrough. One must bear in mind, however, that reinforcement has disadvantages. The darker reinforcement absorbs solar radiation and thereby causes earlier weakening of the ice cover. Also, in many cases the time and effort required to place reinforcement may exceed those required to achieve equal strength by additional thickening of the ice sheet. This study has shown that understanding of the failure mechanism of ice under repetitive loading is poor and that future studies should be performed on this problem. Also, this study covered only cantilever beams. The actual field problem is strengthening a three-dimensional sheet. Hence, distribution and orientation of the reinforcement should be addressed in future studies.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-7
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Conversion factors: U.S. customary to SI metric units Introduction Typical methods of constructing ice bridges Current knowledge Test program Objectives Equipment Procedure Data General Specific ice sheets Test results Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited
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  • 78
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/9
    In: CRREL Report, 76-9
    Description / Table of Contents: Access to study areas may be an important factor in long-term field-oriented research, particularly in-regions without well-developed road and communications systems. In a wildland hydrometeorology research project in subarctic Alaska, access to and within a 40-square-mile research watershed has been developed both in accordance with a general plan prepared at project inception and in response to developing research requirements. Foot trails, trails for 'off-road' low-ground-pressure tracked vehicles, helicopter transport, long-term data recorders, and radio telemetry of data have all been incorporated in an access and communications system. Cost estimates indicate that incorporation of gravel roads into the system would be economically advantageous, given adequate funding for initial road construction.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-9
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Conversion factors for U.S. customary and SI units Introduction Access within the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed Trail access Helicopter access Road access Alternative approaches Long-term recorders Telemetry systems Remote sensing Relative costs A desirable system Selected bibliography
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  • 79
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/21
    In: CRREL Report, 76-21
    Description / Table of Contents: The effects of snow temperature and initial density on the stress vs density and stress vs deformation relationships were investigated for shallow compacted snow in the density range of 0.28 to 0.76 g/cu m, for stress range of 0.5 to 72 bars and a temperature range of -1 to -34 C at a deformation rate of 40 cm/s. A decrease in temperature increases the resistance to stress, the effect increasing with applied stress. For any stress, an increase in the initial density results in an increase in the resulting density, the effect decreasing with an increase in stress. The approximate yield envelopes, which define the stress required to initiate any deformation of snow of a particular density and temperature, were determined. Rapid compaction of snow results in extensive recrystallization, significantly different from that of naturally compacted snow. At a stress of 72 bars, transformation to ice occurs only at temperature above -10C.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 47 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-21
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Description of study Sample preparation Test equipment and procedure Discussion of results Stress-density relationship Stress-deformation relationship Summary and conclusions Microstructural examination of artifically compacted snow Analytical techniques Results and discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Photographs of oscilloscope traces
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  • 80
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Turku : Turun Yliopisto
    Call number: AWI P5-79-0002
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 75 S.
    ISBN: 9516415903
    Language: English
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  • 81
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    Series available for loan
    Koebenhavn : Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-683-76
    In: Rapport = Report
    Description / Table of Contents: Airborne gamma-spectrometry and subsequent radiometric field investigations in central East Greenland have revealed a number of areas of above average radioactivity and a number of radioactive anomalies within these areas. These areas can be divided geologically into: pre-Caledonian crystalline basement, late and post-Caledonian plutonic rocks, Tertiary plutons and areas of intensive faulting and shearing. Areas bordering continental sedimentary formations are envisaged as potential host rocks for epigenetic uranium mineralization. The spectrometer system applied, with the detector volume of 3.7 litres, does not completely satisfy a quantitative evaluation of the spectrometric data recorded and a distinction between major rock units is only possible from the gross channel count rates.
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    Pages: 44 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: The Geological Survey of Greenland : Report 76
    Language: English
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  • 82
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    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0007(5)
    In: Bulletin
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: V, 46 S.
    Series Statement: Bulletin / Geological Survey of Canada 5
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 83
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    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
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    Call number: SR 90.0007(6)
    In: Bulletin
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: V, 28 S. + 1 pl.
    Series Statement: Bulletin / Geological Survey of Canada 6
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 84
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    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0007(7)
    In: Bulletin
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: V, 20 S.
    Series Statement: Bulletin / Geological Survey of Canada 7
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 85
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    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0007(235)
    In: Bulletin
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 106 S.
    Series Statement: Bulletin / Geological Survey of Canada 235
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 86
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    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0007(239)
    In: Bulletin
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 228 S. + 1 pl.
    Series Statement: Bulletin / Geological Survey of Canada 239
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 87
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    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0007(255)
    In: Bulletin
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 131 S.
    Series Statement: Bulletin / Geological Survey of Canada 255
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 88
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    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0007(277)
    In: Bulletin
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 25 S. + 2 pl.
    ISBN: 0660015145
    Series Statement: Bulletin / Geological Survey of Canada 277
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 89
    Call number: SR 90.0007(254)
    In: Bulletin
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 122 S. + 4 pl.
    ISBN: 0660008211
    Series Statement: Bulletin / Geological Survey of Canada 254
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 90
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    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
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    Call number: SR 90.0007(263)
    In: Bulletin
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 63 S.
    Series Statement: Bulletin / Geological Survey of Canada 263
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 91
    Call number: SR 90.0007(262)
    In: Bulletin
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: XVII, 136 S. + 5 pl.
    ISBN: 0660008041
    Series Statement: Bulletin / Geological Survey of Canada 262
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 92
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    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0007(258)
    In: Bulletin
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 77 S. + 1 pl.
    Series Statement: Bulletin / Geological Survey of Canada 258
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 93
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    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0007(264)
    In: Bulletin
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 29 S.
    Series Statement: Bulletin / Geological Survey of Canada 264
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 94
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    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0008(74-62)
    In: Paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 14 S. + 2 pl.
    Series Statement: Paper / Geological Survey of Canada 74-62
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 95
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0008(74-64)
    In: Paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 10 S. + 2 pl.
    Series Statement: Paper / Geological Survey of Canada 74-64
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 96
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0008(75-21)
    In: Paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 51 S.
    Series Statement: Paper / Geological Survey of Canada 75-21
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 97
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0008(75-22)
    In: Paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 14 S.
    Series Statement: Paper / Geological Survey of Canada 75-22
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 98
    Call number: SR 90.0008(75-10)
    In: Paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: VI, 18 S.
    Series Statement: Paper / Geological Survey of Canada 75-10
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 99
    Call number: SR 90.0008(74-47)
    In: Paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: III, 63 S. + 5 pl.
    Series Statement: Paper / Geological Survey of Canada 74-47
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 100
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0008(75-1C)
    In: Report of activities
    In: Paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: VI, 371 S.
    Series Statement: 75-1C
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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