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  • 1
    Call number: MOP 43949 / Mitte ; AWI A5-18-20118
    Description / Table of Contents: Wie wird das Wetter morgen? Wird der Winter schneereich oder der Sommer warm und trocken sein? Verändert sich das Klima in größeren Zeiträumen? Hatten unsere Urväter anderes Wetter als wir heute? Wohl jeder von uns beschäftigt sich - bewußt oder unbewußt - mit Fragen der Meteorologie. Oftmals wünschen wir uns, das Wettergeschehen exakt vorhersagen zu können, ja schadenbringende Wettererscheinungen zu verhindern. Die Autoren Choren P. Pogosjan und Sinaida L. Turketti legen ein Buch vor, das alle diese Probleme sehr ausführlich behandelt. Sie bringen uns den Aufbau der Atmosphäre sowie moderne Methoden zu ihrer Erforschung nahe, erklären unter vielem anderen die Entstehung des Windes, die Wolkenbildung und die Wolkenklassifikation. Auch die Grundlagen und Techniken der kurzfristigen und langfristigen Wetterprognose werden beschrieben, so daß wir einen Einblick in die praktische Arbeit der Wetterdienststellen gewinnen. Ein Teil des Buches ist den Problemen der Wetter- und Klimaveränderungen gewidmet. Wir erfahren von Plänen über die künstliche Einwirkung des Menschen auf den Kreislauf in der Atmosphäre. Bereits der norwegische Polarforscher Fridtjof Nansen schlug vor, durch eine Verbreiterung der schmalen Beringstraße das Klima der Arktis zu erwärmen. Ähnliche und grundlegend andere Projekte gibt es noch viele. In der Sowjetunion wies man auf die Möglichkeit hin, die Eisbedeckung des Nördlichen Eismeeres aufzulösen. Man brauchte dazu die Eisfläche nur mit schwarzem Pulver zu bestreuen. Aus Berechnungen folgt, daß sich - nachdem das Eis geschmolzen wäre - keine stabile Eiskruste mehr bilden könnte. Alle diese Vorhaben sind vorläufig noch theoretischer Natur. Die Wissenschaftler haben noch zu prüfen, welchen praktischen Nutzen die Realisierung der Pläne bringen würde. Das Ziel der Meteorologie ist, die Lufthülle der Erde immer tiefer zu erforschen, um künftig exaktere Wetterprognosen zu erstellen und auf ungünstige Wettererscheinungen einwirken zu können. Vielleicht wird der Mensch eines Tages in der Lage sein, das Klima der Erde langfristig und gezielt verändern zu können?
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 338 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: 1. Auflage
    Uniform Title: Atmosfera zemli (dt.)
    Language: German
    Note: Inhalt: EINFÜHRUNG. - DIE LUFTHÜLLE DER ERDE. - Moderne Methoden zur Erforschung der Atmosphäre. - Aerologische Beobachtungen. - Erstes Vordringen des Menschen in den Luftozean. - Meteorologische Raketen und künstliche Erdsatelliten. - Neue Erkenntnisse über die Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre. - Der Luftdruck. - Der Aufbau der Atmosphäre. - ÜBER DIE SONNENEINSTRAHLUNG. - Die Sonnenenergie. - Das Strahlungsgleichgewicht. - Die direkte und die diffuse Sonnenstrahlung. - Die Wärmebilanz der Erdoberfläche und der Atmosphäre. - Der Glashauseffekt. - Die Nutzung der Sonnenenergie. - Die Temperaturverhältnisse in der Stratosphäre und Mesosphäre. - DIE LUFTTEMPERATUR. - Die mittlere Lufttemperatur. - Die Temperaturamplitude in der bodennahen Luftschicht. - Der Einfluß von Land und Meer auf die Temperatur in der bodennahen Luftschicht. - Die Lufttemperatur über Land und Meer. - Die Lufttemperatur in niederen und hohen Breiten. - Die Lufttemperatur in höheren Schichten der Atmosphäre. - Die unterschiedliche physikalische Beschaffenheit der Troposphäre. - Die Veränderung von Luftschichtungen und deren Einfluß auf den Wetterverlauf. - Die Lufttemperaturen in der Troposphäre und Stratosphäre. - Der Wärmeaustausch zwischen unteren und hohen Schichten - Die Wärmeübertragung durch Meeresströmungen. - LUFTDRUCK UND WIND. - Die Entstehung des Windes. - Kräfte, die in der Atmosphäre wirksam sind, und ihr Einfluß auf den Wind. - Monatsmittelkarten der Druck- und Strömungsverteilung an der Erdoberfläche. - Beziehungen zwischen dem Temperatur-, Druck- und Windfeld in der Höhe. - TROPOSPHÄRISCHE FRONTEN UND FRONTALZONEN - ATMOSPHÄRISCHE WIRBEL. - Die Entstehung von Frontalzonen und Fronten. - Das Wetter beim Durchzug von Fronten. - Gewaltige atmosphärische Wirbel - Zyklonen und Antizyklonen. - Die Entstehung und Entwicklung von Zyklonen und Antizyklonen. - Tropische Zyklonen. - Kleinräumige atmosphärische Wirbel. - ORKANARTIGE HÖHENWINDE - STRAHLSTRÖME. - Höhenfrontalzonen und Strahlströme. - Der Zusammenhang zwischen Temperaturfeld und Strahlstrom. - Einige Merkmale von Strahlströmen über Europa und dem asiatischen Territorium der UdSSR. - Die Häufigkeit von Strahlströmen über der Nordhalbkugel. - Die Entstehung von Strahlströmen. - DIE ALLGEMEINE ZIRKULATION IN DER ATMOSPHÄRE. - Die Entdeckungsgeschichte der planetarischen Zirkulation. - Grundgrößen der allgemeinen Zirkulation. - Die Luftzirkulation in außertropischen Breiten. - Passate. - Monsune. - Modelle der allgemeinen Zirkulation in der Atmosphäre. - BEWÖLKUNG UND NIEDERSCHLÄGE. - Die Wolkenbildung. - Die Wolkenklassifikation. - Die Mikrophysik der Wolken. - Der Wasserkreislauf in der Atmosphäre. - Verdunstung und Niederschläge in begrenzten Gebieten. - Die planetarischen Niederschläge. - WETTERPROGNOSEN. - Wetter und Klima. - Kurzfristige Wetterprognosen. - Numerische Methoden der Wetterprognose. - Langfristige Wetterprognosen. - Besonderheiten des Aufbaus der Atmosphäre über Osteuropa und Westsibirien am 2. Mai 1965. - Wetterprognosen anhand örtlicher Erscheinungen und Wetterzeichen. - PROBLEME DER WETTER- UND KLIMAVERÄNDERUNG. - Künstliche Wetter- und Klimabeeinflussung. - Künstliche Einwirkung auf Wolken und Nebel. - Die Beeinflussung des Klimas in der bodennahen Luftschicht. - KLIMASCHWANKUNGEN UND KLIMAÄNDERUNGEN. - Die Merkmale des Klimas. - Derzeitige Hypothesen über Klimaänderungen. - Klimaänderungen der Erde in verschiedenen geologischen Epochen. - Klimaänderungen in der Vergangenheit. - Über Klimaänderungen in der nächsten Zukunft. - Der Einfluß der Städte auf Ihre Atmosphäre. , Aus dem Russischen übersetzt
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Location: AWI Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Boulder, Colo. : Environmental Research Laboratories
    Call number: MOP 41125 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 499 Seiten
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Call number: ZSP-202-348
    In: Detecting structural heat losses with mobile infrared thermography, Part III
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command, 348
    Description / Table of Contents: During the winter of 1973 - 74 a mobile infrared thermography system was used to survey the USA CRREL building at Hanover, New Hampshire. This report provides a description of excessive heat losses at several locations around the building. This report also discusses the need to carefully monitor meteorological conditions before starting a survey of a building exterior to determine if solar radiation decay from the building surface might interfere with thermographic analysis by masking the heat emanating from within the building.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 9 S. : Ill.
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 348
    Language: English
    Location: AWI Archive
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 4
    Call number: ZSP-202-344
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Approach and methods. - Results. - Lake morphology. - Elongation. - Orientation. - Percentage cover (density). - Lake classification. - L1 unit. - L2 unit. - L3 unit. - L4 unit. - L5 and Lu units. - Other units. - Lake basin depths. - Ice volume and basin genesis. - Geological implications. - Conclusions. - Selected bibliography.
    Description / Table of Contents: The lakes of the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska were classified, based on size, shape, orientation and distribution, into six lake units and three nonlake units. Regional slope and relief were demonstrated to control lake size, the largest lakes occurring on the flattest, northernmost segment of the Coastal Plain. Using ERTS-1 sequential imagery and existing photography and data, lakes were grouped according to three depth ranges, 〈 1 m, 1-2 m and 〉 2 m. Deepest lakes have the longest period of summer ice cover. Ice on shallow lakes melts the earliest. Maximum depths of lakes were computed based on ice volume content of the perennially frozen ground (permafrost) and these agreed with observed values and ranges. The lake classification and regional ERTS-1 coverage also appear to provide additional information on the limits of late-Pleistocene transgressions on the Coastal Plain.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 344
    Language: English
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 5
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-340
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Nomenclature. - Introduction. - Theory. - Application. - Literature cited. - Appendix.
    Description / Table of Contents: The equations describing water movement in a dry snow cover are derived and examples of flow through ripe, refrozen and fresh snows are given. The grain size of snow has a large effect on the timing of water discharge. Water is retained by dry snow to raise its temperature and satisfy the irreducible water saturation. These requirements delay and reduce runoff following rain on dry snow.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 13 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 340
    Language: English
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 6
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-339
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Analytical procedures. - Thick section analysis. - Measurements of inclusion pressure. - Gas volume measurements. - Density and porosity measurements. - Results and discussion. - Sizes, shapes and distributions of bubbles. - Sizes, shapes and distributions of cavities. - Inclusion abundances. - Gas pressures in bubbles and cavities. - Total gas content. - Case for lattice diffusion. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Cores obtained to the bottom of the Antarctic Ice Sheet at Byrd Station were used to analyze the physical properties of air bubbles trapped in the ice. These bubbles originate as pockets of air in the upper layers of snow and approximately 10 ml of air/100 cm^3 of ice; i.e., 10% by volume is retained permanently when the snow transforms into ice. Parameters measured were the sizes, shapes, abundances, spatial distributions, gas volumes and pressures of bubbles, and their variations with depth in the ice sheet. Bubbles occur abundantly in the top 800 m of ice but then gradually disappear until they can no longer be detected optically below 1100 m. This disappearance is not accompanied by any significant loss of air from the ice and all available evidence indicates that the air actually diffuses into the ice in response to increasing overburden pressure. The possibility exists that the dissolved gases are retained in the form of a gas hydrate or clathrate which, because of release of confining pressures, begins to decompose soon after ice cores are pulled to the surface. This decomposition is accompanied by the growth of gas-filled bubble-like cavities, and as much as 40% of the dissolved air has exsolved already from some cores in the space of less than three years. Bubble pressure measurements show that 1) bubbles with pressures exceeding about 16 bars begin to relax back to this value soon after in situ pressures are relieved by drilling, 2) further slow decompression occurs with time, and 3) the rate of decompression is controlled to some extent by the intrinsic structural properties of the ice and its thermal and deformational history. Only small variations were observed in the entrapped air content of the ice cores; they probably reflect variations in the temperature and/or pressure of the air at the time of its entrapment, but the data are not sufficient to draw any firm conclusions regarding past variations in ice sheet thickness. Only ice from the bottom 4.83 m was found to lack any detectable trace of air. Since this absence of air coincided precisely with the first appearance of stratified moraine in the cores, it is concluded that this ice originated from the refreezing of air-depleted water produced under pressure melting conditions at the bottom of the ice sheet.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 18 Seiten , Illlustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 339
    Language: English
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 7
    Call number: ZSP-202-337
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction. - Surface ice observations. - Imagery interpretation. - Side-looking airborne radar. - Infrared. - Conclusions. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice conditions during mid-January 1974 in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and in the estuaty as far upstream as Rimouski are described utilitizing side-looking airborne radar, infrared and photographic imagery. The interpretations were verified by simultaneous surface observations on the ice by investigators operating from the CSS Dawson. The ice examined was undergoing rapid drift and deformation and showed a wide variety of thin ice (0-40 cm) features formed under the influence of strong winds and currents. These observations should serve as a guide in interpreting ice conditions in similar areas where ground truth data are not available.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 41 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 337
    Language: English
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 8
    Call number: ZSP-202-338
    In: Detecting structural heat losses with mobile infrared thermography / R.H. Munis, S.J. Marshall and M.A. Bush, Part II
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command, 338
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Discussion of heat loss survey of six housing units. - Survey of base facilities. - Conclusions. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: During the winter of 1973-74 a mobile infrared thermography system was used to survey housing units and base facilities at Pease Air Force Base, Portsmouth, New Hampshire. This report provides both qualitative and quantitative evidence regarding heat flow out of the eave vents of these housing units. Calculations indicate that a significant amount of heat is being lost in this manner due to inadequate attic (cap) insulation. Possible evidence of incomplete ventilation could explain the presence of condensation in the housing units. Analyses of thermograms are presented to show the possible existence of low and high pressure areas around a structure and how they relate to heat loss.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 29 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 338
    Language: English
    Location: AWI Archive
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 9
    Call number: ZSP-202-331
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - An overview of the model structure and operation. - Operation of subroutines. - TSTART. - FOMO. - REAWEA. - SEARCH. - STEMP. - TUNPIC. - Development history of the simulator. - The simulation of snow fence effects. - Urbanization and meltout. - Conclusion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Mathematical notation. - Appendix B: Computerprogram. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: An annual snow-soil simulator for Arctic tundra was developed using coupled models of surface equilibrium temperature and substrate thermal diffusion. Snow ripening, melt and accumulation are modeled in the simulator which is forced with daily weather data. The simulator predicts that a snow fence array capable of producing drift deeper than 4.2 meters will initiate a permanent snowfield at Barrow, Alaska. Such a man-induced snowfield could serve as a reliable source of fresh water for Barrow and similar villages in the North Slope region of Alaska. Further analysis indicated that albedo reduction due to dust fall, snow removal, etc., is dominant over aerodynamic effects in producing the early spring meltout observed at Barrow Village.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 331
    Language: English
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 10
    Call number: K 97.0030
    Pages: 49x47 cm
    Edition: 1.Ausgabe
    Language: German
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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