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  • Articles  (1,157)
  • English  (824)
  • German  (340)
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  • 2020-2023  (1,019)
  • 1980-1984  (138)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-04-08
    Description: Effective policies to mitigate climate change need to be accompanied by a socially just transition. Based on experiences of past and ongoing transition policies in coal regions in Europe and with indications to the specificity of framework conditions and challenges and to the potential effectiveness and transferability of approaches, this paper presents lessons learnt which can be inspirational for similar transitions in other coal regions and for transitions in other sectors.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-04-08
    Description: Diese Fallstudie untersuchte den durch die geringe Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Steinkohlebergbaus ausgelösten Strukturwandel im Ruhrgebiet vom Ende der 1950er Jahre bis 2015. Mit Hilfe verschiedener qualitativer und quantitativer Methoden der empirischen Sozial- und Wirtschaftsforschung analysierte sie den Strukturwandelprozess und die in Reaktion auf diesen Prozess umgesetzte Strukturpolitik mit dem Ziel, dieses Wissen für zukünftige Strukturwandelprozesse in anderen (Kohle-)Regionen zur Verfügung zu stellen. Eine Diskursanalyse half zu erkennen, wer warum welche strukturpolitischen Ansätze unterstützte - und gibt damit Hinweise auf die mögliche Relevanz von Erfahrungen für andere Regionen.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-04-08
    Description: This case study examined the structural change in the Ruhr area caused by the low international competitiveness of German hard coal mining over the period from the late 1950s to 2015. It analysed the structural change process and the structural policies implemented as a reaction to this process with the objective to make this knowledge available for future structural change processes in other (coal) regions by deploying various qualitative and quantitative methods of empirical social and economic research. A discourse analysis helped to recognise who supported which structural policy approaches and why - and thus gives indications of the possible relevance of experiences for other regions.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-04-08
    Description: This case study examined the structural change in Lusatia caused by the system change from a centrally planned economy to a market economy in the period 1990-2015. It analysed the structural change process and the structural policies implemented as a reaction to this process with the objective to make this knowledge available for future structural change processes in other (coal) regions by deploying various qualitative and quantitative methods of empirical social and economic research. A discourse analysis helped to recognise who supported which structural policy approaches and why - and thus gives indications of the possible relevance of experiences for other regions.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-04-08
    Description: Diese Fallstudie untersuchte den durch den Systemwechsel von der Plan- zur Marktwirtschaft ausgelösten Strukturwandel in der Lausitz im Zeitraum 1990-2015. Mit Hilfe verschiedener qualitativer und quantitativer Methoden der empirischen Sozial- und Wirtschaftsforschung analysierte sie den Strukturwandelprozess und die in Reaktion auf diesen Prozess umgesetzte Strukturpolitik mit dem Ziel, dieses Wissen für zukünftige Strukturwandelprozesse in anderen (Kohle-)Regionen zur Verfügung zu stellen. Eine Diskursanalyse half zu erkennen, wer warum welche strukturpolitischen Ansätze unterstützte - und gibt damit Hinweise auf die mögliche Relevanz von Erfahrungen für andere Regionen.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-04-14
    Description: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected human mobility via lockdowns, social distancing rules, home quarantines, and the full or partial suspension of transportation. Evidence-based policy recommendations are urgently needed to ensure that transport systems have resilience to future pandemic outbreaks, particularly within Global South megacities where demand for public transport is high and reduced access can exacerbate socio-economic inequalities. This study focuses on Metro Manila - a characteristic megacity that experienced one of the most stringent lockdowns worldwide. It analyzes aggregated cell phone and GPS data from Google and Apple that provide a comprehensive representation of mobility behavior before and during the lockdown. While significant decreases are observed for all transport modes, public transport experienced the largest drop (-74.5 %, on average). The study demonstrates that: (i) those most reliant on public transport were disproportionately affected by lockdowns; (ii) public transport was unable to fulfil its role as public service; and, (iii) this drove a paradigm shift towards active mobility. Moving forwards, in the short-term policymakers must promote active mobility and prioritize public transport to reduce unequal access to transport. Longer-term, policymakers must leverage the increased active transport to encourage modal shift via infrastructure investment, and better utilize big data to support decision-making.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-04-14
    Description: Dominant agricultural and food systems lead to continuous resource depletion and unacceptable environmental and social impacts. While current calls for changing agrifood systems are increasingly framed in the context of sustainability transitions, they rarely make an explicit link to transition studies to address these systemic challenges, nor do transition scholars sufficiently address agri-food systems, despite their global pertinence. From this viewpoint, we illustrate several gaps in the agri-food systems debate that sustainability transition studies could engage in. We propose four avenues for research in the next decade of transition research on agri-food systems: 1) Crossscale dynamics between coupled systems; 2) Social justice, equity and inclusion; 3) Sustainability transitions in low- and middle-income countries; 4) Cross-sectoral governance and system integration. We call for a decade of new transition research that moves beyond single-scale and sector perspectives toward more inclusive and integrated analyses of food system dynamics.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-04-14
    Description: Technological breakthroughs and policy measures targeting energy efficiency and clean energy alone will not suffice to deliver Paris Agreement-compliant greenhouse gas emissions trajectories in the next decades. Strong cases have recently been made for acknowledging the decarbonisation potential lying in transforming linear economic models into closed-loop industrial ecosystems and in shifting lifestyle patterns towards this direction. This perspective highlights the research capacity needed to inform on the role and potential of the circular economy for climate change mitigation and to enhance the scientific capabilities to quantitatively explore their synergies and trade-offs. This begins with establishing conceptual and methodological bridges amongst the relevant and currently fragmented research communities, thereby allowing an interdisciplinary integration and assessment of circularity, decarbonisation, and sustainable development. Following similar calls for science in support of climate action, a transdisciplinary scientific agenda is needed to co-create the goals and scientific processes underpinning the transition pathways towards a circular, net-zero economy with representatives from policy, industry, and civil society. Here, it is argued that such integration of disciplines, methods, and communities can then lead to new and/or structurally enhanced quantitative systems models that better represent critical industrial value chains, consumption patterns, and mitigation technologies. This will be a crucial advancement towards assessing the material implications of, and the contribution of enhanced circularity performance to, mitigation pathways that are compatible with the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement and the transition to a circular economy.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-03-24
    Description: The number of input-output assessments focused on energy has grown considerably in the last years. Many of these assessments combine data from multi-regional input-output (MRIO) databases with energy extensions that completely or partially depict the different stages through which energy products are supplied or used in the economy. The improper use of some energy extensions can lead to double accounting of some energy flows, but the frequency with which this happens and the potential impact on the results are unknown. Based on a literature review, we estimate that around a quarter of the MRIO-based energy assessments reviewed incurred into double accounting. Using the EXIOBASE MRIO database, we also analyse the effects of double accounting in the absolute values and rankings of different countries' and products' energy footprints. Building on the insights provided by our analysis, we offer a set of key recommendations to MRIO users to avoid the double accounting problem in the future. Likewise, we conclude that the harmonisation of the energy data across MRIO databases led by experts could simplify the choices of the data users until the provision of official energy extensions by statistical offices becomes a widespread practice.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-04-21
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2022-04-22
    Description: Quantitative environmental assessments are crucial in working effectively towards sustainable production and consumption patterns. Over the last decades, life cycle assessments (LCA) have been established as a viable means of measuring the environmental impacts of products along the supply chain. In regard to user and consumption patterns, however, methodological weaknesses have been reported and, several attempts have been made to improve LCA accordingly, for example, by including higher order effects and behavioural science support. In a discussion of such approaches, we show that there has been no explicit attention to the concepts of consumption, often leading to product-centred assessments. We introduce social practice theories in order to make consumption patterns accessible to LCA. Social practices are routinised actions comprising interconnected elements (materials, competences, and meanings), which make them conceivable as one entity (e.g. cooking). Because most social practices include some sort of consumption (materials, energy, air), we were able to develop a framework which links social practices to the life cycle inventory of LCA. The proposed framework provides a new perspective of quantitative environmental assessments by switching the focus from products or users to social practices. Accordingly, we see the opportunity in overcoming the reductionist view that people are just users of products, and instead we see them as practitioners in social practises. This change could enable new methods of interdisciplinary research on consumption, integrating intend-oriented social sciences and impact-oriented assessments. However, the framework requires further revision and, especially, empirical validation.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2022-04-22
    Description: The paper provides an integrated assessment of environmental and socio-economic effects arising from final consumption of food products by European households. Direct and indirect effects accumulated along the global supply chain are assessed by applying environmentally extended input-output analysis (EE-IOA). EXIOBASE 3.4 database is used as a source of detailed information on environmental pressures and world input-output transactions of intermediate and final goods and services. An original methodology to produce detailed allocation matrices to link IO data with household expenditure data is presented and applied. The results show a relative decoupling between environmental pressures and consumption over time and shows that European food consumption generates relatively less environmental pressures outside Europe (due to imports) than average European consumption. A methodological framework is defined to analyze the main driving forces by means of a structural decomposition analysis (SDA). The results of the SDA highlight that while technological developments and changes in the mix of consumed food products result in reductions in environmental pressures, this is offset by growth in consumption. The results highlight the importance of directing specific research and policy efforts towards food consumption to support the transition to a more sustainable food system in line with the objectives of the EU Farm to Fork Strategy.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2022-04-12
    Description: Deutschlands Klimaschutzstrategie baut auf den Einsatz von grünem Wasserstoff aus erneuerbaren Energien. Doch wo soll der Wasserstoff herkommen, aus heimischer Produktion oder importiert aus dem Ausland? Eine Studie des Wuppertal Instituts und DIW Econ schafft einen Überblick über die aktuelle Datenlage und ermittelt Wertschöpfungs- und Beschäftigungseffekte beider Strategien. Das Resümee: Es trifft nicht zu, dass importierter Wasserstoff allgemein günstiger ist, entscheidend sind je nach Herkunftsland die tatsächlich realisierbaren Strom- und Transportkosten. Wird der grüne Wasserstoff stattdessen im eigenen Land produziert, wird dies zudem eine positive Beschäftigungswirkung und Wertschöpfung entfalten. Mit der Erreichung der Klimaziele 2050 betrüge die zusätzliche Wertschöpfung bei einer stark auf die heimische Erzeugung ausgerichtete Strategie bis zu 30 Milliarden Euro im Jahr 2050 und es könnten bis zu 800.000 Arbeitsplätze geschaffen werden.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2022-03-08
    Description: This study presents in detail: the use of plastic products and the opportunities for recyclate use in the construction sector, quantities of plastic used, take-back systems, recycling techniques, current recyclate use and plastic construction product packaging.Potentials for increasing high-quality recyclate use were identified. Existing hurdles and options for action for industry and politics are presented. Current recyclate use as well as its potential use are strongly dependent on the application area of plastics. The biggest hurdles for the use of recycled materials are product life time, dismantling and technical requirements.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: Industrial demand response can play an important part in balancing the intermittent production from a growing share of renewable energies in electricity markets. This paper analyses the role of aggregators - intermediaries between participants and power markets - in facilitating industrial demand response. Based on the results from semi-structured interviews with German demand response aggregators, as well as a wider stakeholder online survey, we examine the role of aggregators in overcoming barriers to industrial demand response. We find that a central role for aggregators is to raise awareness for the potentials of demand response, as well as to support implementation by engaging key actors in industrial companies. Moreover, we develop a taxonomy that helps analyse how the different functional roles of aggregators create economic value. We find that there is considerable heterogeneity in the kind of services that aggregators offer, many of which do create significant economic value. However, some of the functional roles that aggregators currently fill may become obsolete once market barriers to demand response are reduced or knowledge on demand response becomes more diffused.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: CICERONE aims to bring national, regional and local governments together to jointly tackle the circular economy transition needed to reach net-zero carbon emissions and meet the targets set in the Paris Agreement and EU Green Deal. This document represents one of the key outcomes of the project: a Strategic Research & Innovation Agenda (SRIA) for Europe, to support owners and funders of circular economy programmes in aligning priorities and approaching the circular economy transition in a systemic way.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: Cities around the globe are implementing innovative transport solutions as part of measures to address pertinent socio-economic and environmental challenges in urban areas and help drive the transition to low carbon development. Planning and implementing such solutions require an effective and collective approach that includes the needs and aspirations of all relevant stakeholders. In the planning and implementation of urban transport projects, capacity building components have assumed great significance but seem to be the most eluded activity for project implementers. The Living Lab concept, which allows for co-creation in innovation development, presents the opportunity to adopt innovative participatory approach in capacity building activities in transport projects; and is largely seen as a potential catalyst for rapid transformation to low carbon and sustainability transitions in cities. To this end, this paper highlights the usefulness of the Living Lab approach and provides some perspectives on how key elements of the approach are adapted in the process of assessing the capacity needs of nine (9) cities in planning and implementing e-mobility innovations. The cities are participating in an innovation research project. In the case studied, the project’s capacity needs assessment process was analyzed using an assessment framework built on four (4) key elements of the Living Lab approach, namely: extent of real-life contextualization, level of participation, diversity of stakeholders, and the time span of engagement. Insights from the assessment suggest that relevant project partners and city representatives with diverse expertise were actively involved from the onset and throughout the first 5 months of the project in defining and refining the capacity needs of partner cities based on local e-mobility conditions. This co-creative process helped determine priority areas where the need for capacity building mostly lied. Designing and operationalizing capacity building interventions tailored to the identified needs, as realized in the project, could therefore help build the necessary capacity and complement other measures aimed at developing e-mobility in the project’s partner cities.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2022-03-17
    Description: The idea for the Green Recovery Tracker was born in spring 2020 when governments started making announcements on economic Corona recovery measures. From a climate and resilience perspective it is key that those recovery packages, investments and subsidies are in line with long-term climate and sustainability targets. Thus, recovery packages should not only boost the economy in the short-term, but also strike the path to a just transition towards climate neutrality. Against this background, Wuppertal Institute and E3G have launched the Green Recovery Tracker project in late summer 2020 to shed light on the following questions: What can be considered an effective green recovery? What are good examples, which can be used as an inspiration for recovery programs aiming to support sustainable development? Where do the individual Member States stand with respect to aligning their recovery activities with the climate policy agenda? In this report, you will find our Methodology as well our Policy Briefing highlighting our key takeaways of our country and sectoral analyses. It further includes a section on "What can we learn from our experience with the Green Recovery Tracker?". The briefing concludes with a "Guidance for future funding programs and achieving climate targets overall".
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2022-03-09
    Description: By use of macro-economic model EXIOMOD, the expected impacts of actions described in the Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA) have been analyzed. The results of this analysis show that the R&I actions described in the SRIA contribute to decoupling economic growth from resource use. The actions are expected to cause an increasing gross domestic product and a decreasing raw material demand. This results in an increasing extracted resource productivity, a measure used to show the decoupling of economic growth and resource use. It can however be questioned whether the actions in the SRIA - or the measures implemented in the model - assume a strong enough pace for decoupling economic growth and material use. The actions contribute to the climate goals of the European Commission, by showing a pathway through which the emissions of greenhouse gas can be reduced.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2022-04-25
    Description: In den vergangenen zwei Jahren hat sich die Welt verändert und vermehrt beherrschen Krisen das Bild. Jahrzehntelange Gewissheiten gelten nicht mehr, Risiken und Unsicherheiten nehmen zu, die Herausforderungen werden immer komplexer und erfordern gleichzeitig immer schnelleres und konsequenteres Handeln.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die Forcierung des Wandels der Prozessqualität von Gas hin zu klimaneutralem Gas steht an, das wird auch gegenwärtig an mehreren Stellen vorbereitet. Diese Initiativen haben komplementär zueinander zu sein, die Komposition der Maßnahmen aber ist noch nicht stimmig. Die Abstimmung in einem umfassenden Masterplan fehlt.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Any energy efficiency impact evaluation can be done from different analytical perspectives, e.g. the investor/end-user perspective, program administrator perspective or the societal perspective. COMBI applies the "societal perspective", as this is most relevant for policy-making. COMBI draws on a reference scenario until the year 2030 including existing (partially already ambitious) policies. By modelling 21 sets of "energy efficiency improvement" (EEI) actions, a second efficiency scenario was modelled amounting to additional energy savings of around 8% p.a. in 2030, that is comparable to the EUCO+33 to EUCO+35 scenario. This D2.7 quantification report summarises the quantification approaches applied in the COMBI project and main project findings. It therefore draws on other COMBI reports that contain this information in greater detail in order to summarise quantifications. The report is structured in three main sections: 1. The COMBI approach and methods, explaining key methodological approaches both for individual impact quantifications and for the aggregation of impacts 2. Quantification results, giving an overview on main figures of quantified indicators and 3. Insights from cross-impact analysis, which gives a comparison between monetised impacts and presents their use for Cost-Benefit calculations in the COMBI online tool.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die Erkenntnisse der Klimaforschung sind eindeutig: Um das im Pariser Klimaabkommen vereinbarte Ziel der Begrenzung der Erderwärmung auf "deutlich unter 2 °C" noch einhalten zu können, müssen die globalen Treibhausgasemissionen umgehend ihren Scheitelpunkt erreichen und anschließend kontinuierlich und steil zurückgehen. Dies gilt umso mehr für die ebenfalls im Pariser Klimaabkommen vereinbarte Absicht, die Erwärmung möglichst sogar unter 1,5 °C zu halten. Durch eine entsprechende Begrenzung der Erderwärmung kann nach aktuellem Wissensstand die Gefahr des Auslösens gefährlicher Kipppunkte und einer sich selbst verstärkenden Erwärmung deutlich vermindert werden.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Jede Kostform hat Auswirkungen auf den individuellen Gesundheitsstatus, die Umwelt und soziale Aspekte. Insbesondere ökologische und soziale Belange werden im Alltag der Außer-Haus-Verpflegung in der Regel nur vage abgeschätzt, eine systematische Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung von Speisen findet zumeist nicht statt. Seit Mai 2018 unterstützt der hier vorgestellte Menü-Rechner Akteure in unterschiedlichen Verpflegungseinrichtungen bei der Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung. Das Instrument wurde im Rahmen des NAHGAST-Projektes (www.nahgast.de) in Kooperation mit fünf Praxispartnern entwickelt und durch insgesamt 120 Rezepturen getestet und validiert. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über Nachhaltigkeitsbewertungen ausgewählter Rezepturen (Gerichte mit Fisch und Fleisch, sowie vegetarische und vegane Gerichte) und stellt heraus, welche Effekte sich für die ökologische, gesundheitliche und soziale Dimension zeigen.
    Keywords: ddc:640
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: In Reallaboren erproben Menschen zukunftsfähige Lebensstile und Wirtschaftsformen. Aber was wird aus den Gruppen, Produkten und Infrastrukturen nach Abschluss der Projekte? Das Potenzial der Commons-Forschung für die Postwachstumsgesellschaft ist groß - und noch lange nicht ausgeschöpft.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Organic waste to energy (OWtE) technologies have been developed and implemented in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries. However, they are still far away to significantly contribute not only to treat the ever-increasing waste volumes in the region but also to supply the regional energy demand and meet national carbon emission goals. The technical complexity of these technologies aligned with lack of research, high investment costs and political deficiencies have not allowed for an appropriate implementation of OWtE in the region, where the applicability of large-scale plants remains to be demonstrated. This research presents the state-of-the art of OWtE technologies in the context of the LAC countries based on archival research method. In addition, it presents challenges and opportunities that the region is facing for an adequate implementation of these technologies. The main findings show that OWtE have the potential to improve waste and energy systems in the region by reducing environmental impacts along with a series of social and economic benefits, such as increasing access to a sustainable energy supply. Diverse researches indicate principally anaerobic digestion, fermentation (e.g. 2G bioethanol, etc.), microbial fuel cells, gasification and pyrolysis as efficient technologies to treat solid organic wastes and produce bioenergy.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The study sheds light on the background of the prevention of plastic waste from packaging and disposable products by explaining the need for action, the environmental impacts and risks to human health. Experiences of the members of the PREVENT Waste Alliance and their partners in the prevention of plastic waste by multi-actor partnerships are presented by means of 17 best practice examples. Finally, the study gives recommendations for the reduction of plastic waste and the further work of the PREVENT Waste Alliance. These include success factors for waste prevention, necessary next steps and conclusions regarding the necessary political framework conditions.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Kommunen und kommunale Unternehmen können ihre Vorbildfunktion in einer integrierten Stadt- und Verkehrsplanung nutzen, indem sie die Elektrifizierung ihrer Flotte an leichten Nutzfahrzeugen voranbringen. Das kann die Treibhausgasemissionen und Stickstoffdioxidemissionen mindern und einer nachhaltigen Verkehrsentwicklung dienen. Klimaschutz durch Minderung der Kohlendioxidemissionen und Gesundheitsschutz durch Minderung der Stickstoffdioxidemissionen sind zwei zentrale Gründe für eine Flottenwende - auch bei den leichten Nutzfahrzeugen.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Der vorliegende Bericht ist Band 4 der abschließenden Berichterstattung zum Projekt "Erfolgsbedingungen für Systemsprünge und Leitbilder einer Ressourcenleichten Gesellschaft". Es zeigt sich, dass in der Gesellschaft heute schon ein ausgeprägtes Bewusstsein für die Notwendigkeit des schonenden Umgangs mit natürlichen Ressourcen existiert. Gleichzeitig bestehen aber zahlreiche Ungewissheiten bezüglich der Möglichkeiten, dies umzusetzen. Es werden verschiedenste gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Zwänge wahrgenommen, die einer entsprechenden Umsetzung derzeit entgegenstehen. Insgesamt aber wird in der Gesellschaft eine grundlegende Veränderungs-bereitschaft - oder oftmals eher noch: Veränderungssehnsucht - erkennbar. Als Motive dafür sind neben der Schonung begrenzt vorhandener natürlicher Ressourcen auch eine Entlastung bezüglich (in der Wahrnehmung der Betroffenen) oft ebenfalls bis an Belastbarkeitsgrenzen genutzter menschlicher Ressourcen relevant. Aus der Alltagsperspektive heraus sind in einer Ressourcenleichten Gesellschaft also ökologische und soziale Fragestellungen untrennbar miteinander verbunden.
    Keywords: ddc:300
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Wolfgang Sachs wrote a seminal series of essays for the New Internationalist in 1992 called "Development: a guide to the ruins". The concept of development lives on - and takes on new shapes as it is reframed by the UN, reinterpreted by the Vatican or hijacked by authoritarian populists to serve their own nationalist agenda. But, he argues now, we need to move beyond its misguided assumptions into a new post-development era based on eco-solidarity.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Das Ziel der Energiewende - ein sicheres, umweltverträgliches und ökonomisch erfolgreiches Energiesystem - birgt diverse Herausforderungen. Diese umfassen die Erreichung der Klimaneutralität, den Umstieg auf erneuerbare Energieträger in allen Sektoren (inkl. Schwerlast- und Flugverkehr sowie industrielle Prozesswärme) als auch deren gegenseitige Integration. Bioenergie kann hierzu einen multiplen Beitrag leisten, sowie negative Emissionen bereitstellen und darüber hinaus auch Beiträge jenseits des Energiesystems erbringen, wie Naturschutz, ländliche Entwicklung, oder die Bereitstellung von biogenem CO2 als Rohstoff für die chemische Industrie. Somit ist Bioenergie ein unverzichtbarer Bestandteil für die Lösung der Herausforderungen in der Transformation zu einem nachhaltigen Energiesystem. Gegenwärtig stellt Bioenergie mit dem größten Anteil an erneuerbaren Energien im Primärenergieverbrauch (60 %) als auch im Endenergieverbrauch (53 %), mehr als alle anderen erneuerbaren Energieträger zusammen. Dabei bestehen Unterschiede zwischen den Endenergiesektoren: während Bioenergie in der Bruttostromerzeugung 24 % des erneuerbaren Stroms deckt, dominiert sie die erneuerbare Bereitstellung von Wärme mit 86 % als auch den erneuerbaren Endenergieverbrauch im Verkehrssektor mit 88 % in 2018. Aufgrund der Bedeutung von Bioenergie heute werden Beispiele vorgestellt, welche einen zukünftigen multipleren Systembeitrag von Bioenergie fokussieren.
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  • 33
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Much of the current literature on climate clubs sees mitigation costs creating free rider incentives as the main problem of climate policy. Climate clubs are supposed to solve this problem by creating additional incentives for mitigation. Looking more in detail, one sees that the situation differs from sector to sector. Some industry sectors indeed have substantial cost and competitiveness issues. In others such as electricity and transport, there are costs at micro level but balance for economy and society as a whole is rather positive. International climate policy in general and clubs in particular should therefore be tailored to sectoral specifics.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Der Begriff "Pfand" umfasst in seinen konkreten Anwendungen ganz unterschiedliche Konzepte, die sich mit unterschiedlichen Zielsetzungen auf verschiedene Produktgruppen beziehen und dabei sehr unterschiedliche Effekte auslösen. Zentrales Ziel dieser Kurzstudie ist es, zu einer etwas differenzierteren Betrachtung von Pfandsystemen beizutragen und auf die Stärken und Schwächen in den verschiedenen Anwendungskontexten hinzuweisen. Mit diesem Ziel werden in Kapitel 2 verschiedene Best-Practice-Beispiele dargestellt, bei denen die Einführung von Pfandsystemen in verschiedenen Formen zur Umsetzung einer Kreislaufwirtschaft beigetragen haben. Kapitel 3 beschreibt die verschiedenen Kriterien, auf deren Basis sich unterschiedliche Pfandsysteme für konkrete Produktgruppen begründen lassen könnten; ein spezifischer Fokus wird hierbei auf Verpackungssysteme gelegt. Im abschließenden Kapitel 4 werden davon ausgehend Handlungsempfehlungen entwickelt, wie das Instrument Pfand in Deutschland in möglichst effizienter Form genutzt werden könnte.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The COMBI project aimed at quantifying the multiple non-energy benefits of energy efficiency in the EU-28 area and incorporate those multiple impacts into decision-support frameworks for policy-making. Therefore, all multiple impacts of energy efficiency are analysed from an overall societal view in the project. The COMBI policy recommendations resulting from the evaluation outcomes are presented in this report. COMBI draws on a reference scenario until the year 2030 including existing policies. By modelling 21 sets of "energy efficiency improvement" (EEI) actions, a second efficiency scenario was modelled amounting to additional energy savings of around 8% p.a. in 2030, and that is comparable to the EUCO+33 to EUCO+35 scenario. All figures quantified by COMBI relate to additional values, i.e. additional impacts resulting from additional EEI actions beyond the reference scenario as a consequence of additional policies. The project quantified in total 31 individual impact indicators with appropriate state-of-the-art models.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Thema des vorliegenden Textes sind Wandlungsprozesse, die - so die Annahme - Voraussetzung sind, um eine ressourcenleichte Gesellschaft zu realisieren. Für den Fall, dass kleine Veränderungen oder Eingriffe nicht ausreichen, sondern vielmehr radikale Veränderungen im systemischen Gefüge erforderlich sind, entwickelt dieser Band das Konzept des "Systemsprungs" und dessen Rolle bei der Realisierung einer Ressourcenleichten Gesellschaft. Als Zugang zur Konzeption des Begriffs dienen bereits existierende Ansätze aus unterschiedlichen wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen. Es erfolgt dann mit der Untersuchung der Transformationsforschung die Bezugnahme auf einen Forschungsansatz, welcher den Übergang zu einer nachhaltigeren Lebensweise bzw. Gesellschaft zu erforschen und - als transformative Forschung - zu gestalten sucht. Kapitel 3 setzt die Diskussion aus dem Blickwinkel der Zukunftsforschung fort und analysiert verschiedene Konzepte von Auslösern radikaler Prozesse des Systemwandels.
    Keywords: ddc:300
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: On September 17, 2019, EU Competition Commissioner Margrethe Vestager allowed the electricity company Eon to take over and break up RWE subsidiary Innogy under lenientconditions. But there are numerous experts who have a different opinion and argue that the EU Commission approval is a "decision of enormous importance" that will "fundamentally change the entire sector". The result of this decision is that this mega-deal creates two monolithic giants in the German energy sector with unprecedented market power. If one compares the situation with the purchase of the electricity supplier Nuon by Vattenfall in 2009, questions arise. Back then, the competition authorities forced Vattenfall to divest parts of Nuon's business in individual cities, which resulted in the supplier "lekker energie". Following this example, the competition authorities should have consistently forced Eon to sell parts of the business, such as larger distribution companies. A transaction of this magnitude should always be viewed critically in competition law. The legitimate question therefore arises as to why the German and European competition authorities (the Federal Cartel Office, the Federal Network Agency, the Monopolies Commission and the European Competition Commission) faced this deal with barely audible criticism and why they did not react with far-reaching prohibition requirements. "Competition doubts are certainly justified". Because if the two largest German energy groups completely eliminate each other's competition and completely divide up their business areas among themselves, this will have far-reaching consequences for the energy sector. Especially against the background that the energy transition in Germany has so far been characterised by decentralised structures and civic participation (especially in the case of electricity generation from renewable energies). In this paper, the authors will demonstrate what this Eon/RWE deal means for competition and the energy transition.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The Wuppertal Institute conducted an impact analysis of the NRW Sustainability Bond #4 of 2018 on behalf of the State Government of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). The most recent bond has a volume of EUR 2.025bn, a term of 10 years and consists of 52 eligible projects from the State's 2017 general budget (sustainable value-added was confirmed in a second party opinion by oekom research1). This report analyses the contribution of the bond to climate mitigation, sustainable land use and social impacts. It also includes information on the impacts of the previous three bonds (NRW Sustainability Bond #1 to #3).
    Keywords: ddc:600
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This theory note develops a theoretical approach which integrates the negative spillovers that international institutions often impose on each other into our thinking about their normative legitimacy. Our approach draws on the political philosophy of Rainer Forst which revolves around the right to justification. It suggests that regime complexes facilitate the breakup of institution-specific orders of justification by prompting invested actors to justify negative spillovers vis-a-vis each other. Thus, regime complexes enable more encompassing justifications of negative spillovers than stand-alone international institutions. Against this backdrop, we submit that the proliferation of regime complexes represents normative progress in global governance.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement explicitly acknowledges the need to incentivize and facilitate the participation of private entities in the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), private sector actors had already the opportunity to participate in a new and fast-growing market. However, they faced numerous challenging investment barriers. The study provides an overview on key factors and barriers determining private sector participation in Article 6 mechanisms. It distinguishes between the three topics demand side factors, rules and standards for market mechanisms, and supply side factors and provides for each of them options to mitigate or overcome barriers. In a short analysis, it further explores three of the identified options: - Improving the design and support of national systems and capacities is an important pre-requisite for the private sector to be able to generate and sell ITMOs - The up-scaling of mitigation activities e. g. through (sub-) sector level crediting, and policy crediting helps private sector actors to benefit from economies of scale - Exploring the potential of digitization of measuring, reporting and verification (MRV), e. g. the use of sensors, internet of things, artificial intelligence and blockchain to make the project cycle more efficient and reduce transaction costs. Overall, the report stresses the importance of host country readiness to provide the private sector with a robust and trusted environment that allows for the adoption of Article 6 mechanisms.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Mit der Coronakrise und ihren heute bereits absehbaren verheerenden Auswirkungen auf den globalen Süden taucht plötzlich ein Wort wieder auf, das fast in der Versenkung verschwunden zu sein schien: Entwicklung. Denn genau das ist die Frage - ob es dergleichen, und zwar inzwischen nicht mehr nur für den Süden, sondern auch für den gesamten Globus, noch einmal geben kann, oder ob wir eine weiter zunehmende, fundamentale Disruption der Welt erleben. Allerdings, daran gilt es zu erinnern, war Entwicklung von Beginn an ein Plastikwort gewesen, ein leerer Begriff mit ungewisser positiver Bedeutung. Gleichwohl hat sich Entwicklung als Weltperspektive gehalten, denn sie ist heute in ein internationales Geflecht von Institutionen eingebettet, von den Vereinten Nationen über Ministerien bis hin zu NGOs. Heute gehört Entwicklung zu jenen Zombie-Kategorien, die schon längst verwest sind, aber dennoch als abgedroschene Utopie allenthalben herumgeistern. Scheinbar schon lange zu Grabe getragen, treibt der Begriff wie ein Gespenst seinen Unfug auch noch in der Gegenwart. Und jetzt, in der zweiten Jahreshälfte 2020, kommt das Schlüsselwort wieder zu zweifelhafter Ehre, jährt sich doch zum fünften Mal die Verkündigung der päpstlichen Enzyklika "Laudato si'", die Agenda 2030 der Vereinten Nationen mit den Sustainable Development Goals und das Klimaschutzabkommen von Paris. Damit stellt sich die entscheidende Frage: Sind diese internationalen Stellungnahmen überhaupt noch der Entwicklung verpflichtet? Oder kann man sie im Gegenteil als Ausweis des Post-Development-Denkens betrachten?
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This paper analyses and compares industry sector transformation strategies as envisioned in recent German, European and global deep decarbonisation scenarios. The first part of the paper identifies and categorises ten key strategies for deep emission reductions in the industry sector. These ten key strategies are energy efficiency, direct electrification, use of climateneutral hydrogen and/or synthetic fuels, use of biomass, use of CCS, use of CCU, increases in material efficiency, circular economy, material substitution and end-use demand reductions. The second part of the paper presents a meta-analysis of selected scenarios, focusing on the question of which scenario relies to what extent on the respective mitigation strategies. The key findings of the meta-analysis are discussed, with an emphasis on identifying those strategies that are commonly pursued in all or the vast majority of the scenarios and those strategies that are only pursued in a limited number of the scenarios. Possible reasons for differences in the choice of strategies are investigated. The paper concludes by deriving key insights from the analysis, including identifying the main uncertainties that are still apparent with regard to the future steps necessary to achieve deep emission reductions in the industry sector and how future research can address these uncertainties.
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This SUITS policy brief aims to highlight how the transformational process of the nine local authorities involved in SUITS into learning organizations made these cities far better prepared to cope with the challenges due to the pandemic than they would otherwise have been. Due to the higher levels of organizational resilience and the awareness of individuals' importance during such external crises, the nine local authorities were not just trying to react to the unforeseen challenges, but were able to act with a clear pathway and to use their experiences to facilitate their learning from recent years. Of course, the pandemic could not have been foreseen, but as SUITS local authorities are becoming learning organizations, they are enhancing their organizational capacity. In so doing, they have been learning a required resilience to reduce the "complexity and confusion - of what to do best" in the beginning of the crisis and to cope with the challenges. This advantage was of enormous relevance for the local authorities.
    Keywords: ddc:380
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Innerhalb des Projekts TFE-NRW bewertete das Wuppertal Institut den Forschungsbedarf für Energiewende-Technologien in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Ziel war es herauszufinden, welche Technologien und Forschungsbereiche im Rahmen der Energieforschung für Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) einen besonders hohen Stellenwert in Relation zur Bewertung für Deutschland haben könnten und für die eine besondere Unterstützung innerhalb der Energieforschung gerechtfertigt erscheint. Dabei sollten die speziellen Anforderungen des Bundeslandes berücksichtigt werden. Betrachtet wurden 31 Technologiefelder aus den Bereichen erneuerbare Energien, konventionelle Kraftwerke, Infrastruktur, Technologien für die Sektorenkopplung (Power-to-X, P2X), energie- und ressourceneffiziente Gebäude, Energie- und Ressourceneffizienz in der Industrie und integrative Aspekte, die mithilfe eines Kriterienrasters qualitativ bewertet wurden.
    Keywords: ddc:600
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Despite Germany's Paris Agreement pledge and coal exit legislation, the political debate around carbon-intensive coal remains heated. Coal power and mining have played an important, yet changing role in the history of German politics. In this paper, we analyze the entire parliamentary debate on coal in the German parliament (Bundestag) from its inception in 1949 to 2019. For this purpose we extract the more than 870,000 parliamentary speeches from all protocols in the history of the Bundestag. We identify the 9167 speeches mentioning coal and apply dynamic topic modeling – an unsupervised machine learning technique that reveals the changing thematic structure of large document collections over time - to analyze changes in parliamentary debates on coal over the past 70 years. The trends in topics and their varying internal structure reflect how energy policy was discussed and legitimized over time: Initially, coal was framed as a driver of economic prosperity and guarantee of energy security. In recent years, the debate evolved towards energy transition, coal phase-out and renewable energy expansion. Germany’s smaller and younger parties, the Greens and the Left Party, debate coal more often in the context of the energy transition and climate protection than other parties. Our results reflect trends in other countries and other fields of energy policy. Methodologically, our study illustrates the potential of and need for computational methods to analyze vast corpora of text and to complement traditional social science methods.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The waste prevention program (WPP) from 2013 must be evaluated every 6 years and updated if necessary. The review and evaluation of the implementation of the WPP took place within the scope of the project. Based on the analysis results for the implementation of the WPP at federal, state and municipal level and an assessment of existing prevention potentials, concrete proposals for a possible further development and updating of the program on prioritized waste streams and corresponding priority prevention approaches were developed. In addition, structural adjustment and change needs of the WPP were worked out and further research was shown.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Das Vorhaben analysiert 1.) die Argumente verschiedener Positionen im Wachstumsdiskurs und formuliert eine idealtypische "vorsorgeorientierte Postwachstumsposition". Er präsentiert zudem Ursachen von Wirtschaftswachstum und identifiziert gesellschaftliche Bereiche, deren Funktion vom Wirtschaftswachstum abhängen könnte. Darüber hinaus werden Reformvorschläge diskutiert, um diese Wachstumsabhängigkeit zu verringern. Das Vorhaben untersucht 2.) die Relevanz der Postwachstumsdebatte für Ressourcenpolitik und eine entsprechende Instrumentierung. Außerdem werden 3.) konstitutive Kernelemente einer nachhaltigen (Postwachstums-)Gesellschaft bestimmt. Das Vorhaben setzt damit Impulse zur gesellschaftlichen Debatte über die Ausgestaltung und Instrumentierung von Transformationspfaden für "gesellschaftliches Wohlergehen innerhalb planetarer Grenzen".
    Keywords: ddc:300
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: In this project commissioned by the German Environment Agency, important aspects of the mechanism under Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement were examined in more detail. This mechanism is to succeed the CDM under the Kyoto Protocol from 2021 onwards, but it will contain decisive improvements, especially with regard to a robust accounting of emission reductions and better integration into the national climate policy of the host country. The report is addressed to the international experts, in particular to the delegates to the climate conference and observers, and is therefore written in English. A German summary is included. The following topics are covered: How does the mechanism achieve an overall reduction of global emissions? Are there opportunities to use benchmarks to establish baselines? Can contributions to increasing ambition be made by using Art. 6.4? What contribution can the voluntary market make to increasing ambition in the future? Introduction of incentives for the participation of private companies under Art. 6.4 of the PA. The role of the Art. 6.4 mechanism on the way to a net zero emission world. The project provides a contribution to the general discussion in the EU as well as to the Article 6 - Negotiations under the UNFCCC. It is a contribution that presents backgrounds and interrelationships for individual questions concerning the design of the new market mechanisms under Article 6 and can thus contribute to a more informed decision-making process.Since there are, however, several different ways of designing a mechanism that can avoid double counting and provide incentives for increasing ambition, this project is only one of several current contributions to the international discussion.
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Wie können Menschen befähigt werden, ihr Lebensumfeld entsprechend den eigenen Bedürfnissen und Wertvorstellungen zu gestalten? Das war die zugrunde liegende Fragestellung des Dortmunder Projekts "Psychologisches und kommunales Empowerment durch Partizipation im nachhaltigen Stadtumbau" (DoNaPart). Im Zentrum des Projekts stand die Initiierung eines urbanen Reallabors in dem Soziale Stadt Programmgebiet Westerfilde/Bodelschwingh, innerhalb dessen ein nachhaltiger Transformationsprozess in den Bereichen Energie, Mobilität und Konsum entworfen und durchgeführt wurde.
    Keywords: ddc:300
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Wir stehen heute vor dem Klimaproblem. Das zu lösen ist seit mehr als 30 Jahren unsere Aufgabe. Dazu braucht es eine weltweite Energiewende. Politisch sind zwei global koordinierte Anläufe gemacht worden - und beide gescheitert. Gegenwärtig wird der dritte Versuch unternommen. Das zweimalige Scheitern ist nicht verwunderlich angesichts der Verfasstheit der globalen Politik. Gibt es eine Alternative? Die Antwort ist: ja, die technologische. Die vermag sich dank wirtschaftlicher Vorteilhaftigkeit von alleine durchzusetzen.
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:330
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die GLS Bank finanziert gezielt nachhaltige Projekte und Unternehmen in den Bereichen erneuerbare Energien, nachhaltige Wirtschaft, Ernährung, Wohnen, Bildung & Kultur, Soziales & Gesundheit. Eine zentrale Herausforderung ist es, die Nachhaltigkeitswirkung der Finanz- und Anlagestrategie robust zu quantifizieren und transparent darzustellen. Die GLS Bank hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, die hierfür notwendigen Methoden und Daten zur Bewertung der Nachhaltigkeitswirkungen ihres Finanz- und Anlagenportfolios schrittweise weiterzuentwickeln, um eine richtungssichere Portfoliosteuerung und Kundenbetreuung zu unterstützen. Ziel des Projektes ist zunächst, das Emissionsgeschehen der finanzierten Wertschöpfungskette abzubilden (Scope 3), aber auch die eingesparten Emissionen als einen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz zu bewerten (Scope 4). Es werden die Scope 3 Emissionen der GLS Bank in den folgenden Finanz- und Anlagebereichen für das Berichtsjahr 2019 bilanziert: 1. Aktien- und Klimafonds; 2. Kredite; 3. Unternehmensbeteiligung. Scope 4 Emissionen werden in Form vermiedener Emissionen (Carbon Handprint) dabei ausschließlich für Bereiche bilanziert, in denen THG-Reduktionspotentiale richtungssicher abgeschätzt werden können. Im vorliegenden Bericht wird der Untersuchungsrahmen, die vom Wuppertal Institut entwickelte Methodik sowie Lösungsstrategien für die Überbrückung geringer Datenqualität/-verfügbarkeit beschrieben. Die Robustheit der Ergebnisse wird durch Prüfungsmethoden reflektiert und dem Leser somit eine Interpretationsunterstützung gegeben. In einem Ausblick werden Weiterentwicklungsbedarfe und -möglichkeiten skizziert, um schrittweise eine zunehmend robuste und wissenschaftliche fundierte Methodik und Datengrundlage zur Bewertung der Klimawirkung sowie weiterer Nachhaltigkeitswirkungen des Finanz- und Anlageportfolios der GLS Bank in Zusammenarbeit mit relevanten Stakeholdern zu etablieren.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 53
    facet.materialart.
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    Brussels : European Commission
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Germany's eco-innovation performance has declined compared to previous reports and scores 123 against 100 of the EU average. It is still quite high with respect to the input side of eco-innovation and relatively good, i.e. above EU average concerning socio-economic and eco- innovative outputs. However, the revised eco-innovation index shows weaknesses in eco-innovation activities and environmental outcomes. All in all, Germany ranks 6 this year.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Im Folgenden wird die Klimaschutzwirkung der aktuellen Flottenverbrauchsnorm der Europäischen Kommission für Deutschland diskutiert und in den Kontext der im Jahr 2020 signifikant angestiegenen Zahl von verkauften Pkw mit Elektromotor gesetzt. Dabei wird die aktuelle Entwicklung der Pkw-Flotte in Deutschland mit mehreren Szenarien verglichen. Erstens wird eine mögliche Verschärfung aktuell gültigen Rechts im Sinne eines European Green Deal angedacht. Zweitens wird dieser eher technische Zugang verglichen mit der Möglichkeit, durch Vermeidung und Verlagerung auf Fahrten mit dem Pkw zu verzichten. Drittens wird die Rolle von Plug-In-Hybriden diskutiert. Auf dieser Basis werden Politikempfehlungen ausgesprochen, wie die Flottenverbrauchsnorm weiterentwickelt werden kann, um die Klimaschutzambition zu erhöhen.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Digitalisation is disrupting business practices worldwide and transforming consumption patterns. While a global increase in wealth is leading to higher consumption rates, consumption-related decisions are increasingly based on digital information and marketing; furthermore, shopping increasingly takes place online and products and services are more and more digitalised. The transformative character of digitalisation calls for political action in order to ensure sustainable consumption in a new and dynamically changing context. Focusing on consumption is imperative in combatting many global challenges. Take climate change: consumption-based emissions (i.e. emissions from domestic final consumption and emissions caused by the production of imported goods) are rising more rapidly than production-based emissions in high-income countries. Meanwhile most political measures target production-based emissions (i.e. territorial emissions). The German council for sustainable development (Rat für Nachhaltige Entwicklung) has called for the §principle of sustainable development [to] serve as the political framework for digital transformation" as "digitalisation has the potential to engender disruptive developments in the business world as well as society as a whole that carry both great opportunities and significant risks". Thus, to implement the 2030 Agenda, in particular SDG 12, and the National Program Sustainable Consumption, it is key to seize the opportunities that digitalisation presents for sustainable consumption and tackle the challenges. This assessment report thus examines the following key question: "What are the implications of the digital transformation of consumption patterns for the implementation of the German sustainability strategy in, by and with Germany?"
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die vom Wuppertal Institut für Fridays for Future durchgeführten Analysen legen nahe, dass das Erreichen von CO2-Neutralität bis 2035 aus technischer und ökonomischer Sicht zwar extrem anspruchsvoll wäre, grundsätzlich aber möglich ist. Diese Zielsetzung wäre in allen Sektoren mit großen Herausforderungen verbunden und würde beispiellose politische Anstrengungen erfordern.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Damit sich die weltweit zunehmend ambitionierten Klimaschutzziele erreichen lassen, müssen auch im Industriesektor weitgehende Emissionsreduktionen innerhalb weniger Jahrzehnte realisiert werden. Expertinnen und Experten sind sich einig, dass dies nicht ohne den Umstieg von fossilen auf erneuerbare Energieträger und Rohmaterialien - sogenannte Feedstocks - umsetzbar ist. Im Zuge der verstärkten Nutzung dieser grünen Energieträger ist denkbar, dass sich deren Verfügbarkeit und Kosten zu immer wichtigeren Standortfaktoren für die Produktion industrieller Güter entwickeln werden. Dies könnte dazu führen, dass zukünftig Standorte mit kostengünstiger Verfügbarkeit von erneuerbaren Energien attraktiver gegenüber anderen Standorten werden und es dann zu Standortverlagerungen kommt - insbesondere im Bereich der energieintensiven Industrie. In dem vorliegenden Artikel greifen die Autoren diese möglichen Verlagerungen industrieller Produktion auf. In diesem Zusammenhang führen sie auch den Begriff "Renewables Pull" ein. Die in bestimmten Regionen der Welt kostengünstig und in großen Mengen verfügbaren erneuerbaren Energien könnten nach Ansicht der Autoren künftig eine Sogwirkung auslösen und bestimmte Teile der industriellen Produktion anziehen - auch Pull-Effekt genannt.
    Keywords: ddc:330
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The transition from today's "take, make, waste" economic paradigm to a circular economy requires a joint effort from actors on all levels: governments, business, and civil society. While companies are among the drivers of the circular transformation, they find it hard to achieve a circular economy on their own. Hence, cross-industry collaboration is one of the imperatives for scaling a circular economy. Against this background, econsense, together with Accenture and the Wuppertal Institute, launched its study "Germany's Transition to a Circular Economy - How to Unlock the Potential of Cross-Industry Collaboration". Based on a survey and expert interviews within the econsense community, the study finds that companies are yet to unlock the full potential of cross-industry collaboration. While two thirds of analysed industry collaborations have a high potential for scaling the circular economy, only 43 per cent of those already show a high degree of interaction. The study provides concrete guidance for companies to get started with circularity and identify the right partners for cross-industry collaboration. Specifically, the report recommends companies: 1) Understand what circularity is about and map it on their own operations and processes. 2) Understand the different circular business models and identify the ones relevant to each business. 3) Discover areas where collaboration can help to create the needed foundation and to execute circular actions.
    Keywords: ddc:330
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Digitalisation is taking place at a fast pace in all European countries and it is transforming the economies, societies, communication, jobs and the necessary skills for the workplace and everyday life. The Covid-19 pandemic is also accelerating digitalisation at many levels. To address the great challenges resulting from this, the European Commission has launched the Green Deal, a long-term transformation strategy towards an innovative and sustainable society. Three important initiatives under the Green Deal are the New Circular Economy Action Plan, the Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 and the Zero Pollution Action Plan. The various strategies and action plans draw up a large portfolio of measures, instruments and milestones that are always linked to digital technologies. Ideally, these are eco-innovative and sustainable and contribute to improving living conditions in Europe. The EIO Biennial Report 2020, which looks at a different topic every two years, considers digitalisation a major opportunity to accelerate the transition to a circular Europe. In the current report, the authors provide an overview of eco-innovation trends, illustrated by digital technology and policy practices that can further drive the circular economy.
    Keywords: ddc:330
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: For achieving a transition towards sustainable development, central importance is attached to science and education, and especially higher education. Suitable formats are needed for empowering students to perform transformative research. On the basis of transdisciplinary and transformative real-world laboratory research and futures studies, we develop encompassing learning and teaching module: the Transformative Innovation Lab (til). The lab builds on insights into five key competencies and three types of knowledge needed for developing socially robust sustainability innovations. In this paper, the main features of this experiential and reflexive format are presented and linked to a handbook for facilitating the lab. Central learnings for implementing the format in existing study programmes from two test runs at two German universities are shared and discussed.
    Keywords: ddc:300
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: 2013 wurde das Abfallvermeidungsprogramm des Bundes verabschiedet. Mit dem Programm sollten Abfallmengen reduziert werden. Das Programm wurde einer kritischen Bewertung unterzogen und wird nun im Jahr 2020 fortgeschrieben. Dafür wurden in einer UBA-Studie prioritäre Abfallströme und Konzepte erarbeitet und Maßnahmenvorschläge entwickelt, um die Abfallvermeidung zukünftig konkreter auszugestalten.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die Energiewende ist der Umstieg der Energieproduktion, -versorgung und -nutzung von nuklearen und fossilen Energieträgern auf erneuerbare Energien. Dieser tiefgreifende Wandel des über viele Jahre gewachsenen Energiesystems in Deutschland umfasst zahlreiche, hoch komplexe Aspekte und Prozesse. Aus einer eher technologischen Perspektive heraus betrachtet sind die Ziele der Energiewende eine Weiterentwicklung und Dezentralisierung des technischen Stromsystems und seiner Komponenten (Speicher, Netze, Management), die Steigerung der Energieeffizienz (bspw. in industriellen Prozessen sowie in Haushalten, durch energetische Modernisierung des Gebäudebestandes oder eine intelligentere Nutzung der Wärme) sowie die Elektrifizierung des Verkehrs. In dem vorliegenden Kapitel werden die verschiedenen Herausforderungen zur Umsetzung der Energiewende genauer beleuchtet und dargestellt und schließlich in zentrale Schlussfolgerungen zur Realisierung der Energiewende überführt.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die energieintensive Industrie kann zum Ausgleich volatiler Stromeinspeisungen und somit zum Gelingen der Energiewende beitragen. Digitalisierungsprozesse ermöglichen die Flexibilisierung der Produktion, wodurch die Stromnachfrage steuerbarer wird. Gegenwärtig sind die Anreize zur Flexibilisierung jedoch für die meisten Unternehmen aufgrund von Investitionsunsicherheiten und der Konkurrenz durch konventionelle Kraftwerke gering. Im Rahmen der Transformation des Energiesystems und zunehmender Digitalisierung der Produktion wird die Flexibilisierung für Industrieunternehmen perspektivisch attraktiver. Digitalisierung und Flexibilisierung haben Auswirkungen auf Beschäftigte. So werden bereits jetzt Tätigkeiten an eine Abschaltung von Anlagen zur Stabilisierung des Stromsystems angepasst. Im Hinblick auf Digitalisierungsprozesse gilt es, Mitarbeiter frühzeitig zu beteiligen und Ängste sowie Anregungen der Beschäftigten ernst zu nehmen. Die Akzeptanz von Veränderungsprozessen kann durch eine frühzeitige Einbindung der Beschäftigten und ihrer Vertretung gefordert werden. Ein den Digitalisierungsaktivitäten entsprechendes Personalkonzept stellt sicher, dass Beschäftigte mit notwendigem Know-how ausgestattet werden.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Am 17. September 2019 hat die EU-Wettbewerbs-Kommissarin Margrethe Vestager dem Stromkonzern Eon die Übernahme und Zerschlagung der RWE-Tochter Innogy unter leichten Auflagen erlaubt. Damit geht eine vollständige Geschäftsfeldaufteilung zwischen den beiden mächtigsten nationalen Energiekonzernen Eon und RWE einher. Während sich Eon auf die Bereiche Vertrieb und Verteilnetzbetrieb konzentrieren wird, übernimmt RWE die konventionellen Kraftwerke des bisherigen Konkurrenten sowie alle Anlagen der erneuerbaren Stromerzeugung. Auch alle vor rund zwei Jahren zunächst an Innogy abgegebenen Anlagen zur Stromerzeugung werden von RWE wieder zurückgeholt. Zudem erhält RWE eine 16,7-prozentige Beteiligung an Eon. Dazu gab das Bundeskartellamt (BKartA) bereits am 26.02.2019 bekannt, dass es diese Beteiligung für unbedenklich hält. Die Freigabe der EU-Kommission vom September 2019 ist eine "Entscheidung von enormer Tragweite" die den "gesamten Sektor grundlegend verändern" wird. Denn durch diesen Mega-Deal entstehen im deutschen Energiesektor zwei monolithische Giganten mit bisher nie dagewesener Marktmacht.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The Wuppertal Institute conducted an impact analysis of the NRW sustainability bond #5 of 2019 on behalf of the State government of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). The most recent bond has a volume of EUR 2.25 bn, a term of 15 years and consists of 52 eligible projects from the State's 2018 general budget (sustainable value-added was confirmed in a second party opinion by ISS-oekom). This report analyses the contribution of the bond to climate mitigation, sustainable land use and social impacts. It also includes information on the impacts of the previous four bonds (NRW sustainability bond #1 to #4).
    Keywords: ddc:600
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The new mechanism defined under Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement is supposed to allow for international cooperation with regard to climate change mitigation and thereby enable an increase in overall mitigation. Nevertheless, the design of the mechanism under Article 6.4 should also make sure that it is not be in conflict with the long-term goal of net-zero GHG emissions but even better foster national pathways leading to this objective. Building this into the mechanism requires to shift the focus from short- and mid-term considerations to the long-term perspective in one way or another. This discussion paper explores three different approaches that may help to foster the long-term objective of net-zero GHG emissions in the operationalization of Article 6.4, namely positive and negative lists, additionality with regard to a baseline consistent with both, NDCs and long-term targets, as well as adaptation of existing instruments and criteria from climate finance. The detailed discussion of the ap-proaches shows that the approaches should not be seen as mutually exclusive but rather as comple-mentary to each other. From the analyses, two storylines emerge how to combine aspects of the differ-ent approaches in a reasonable way to foster the long-term objective of net-zero GHG emissions under Article 6.4.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Technological innovations in energy-intensive industries (EIIs) have traditionally emerged within the boundaries of a specific sector. Now that these industries are facing the challenges of deep decarbonisation and a significant reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is expected to be achieved across sectors, cross-industry collaboration is becoming increasingly relevant for low-carbon innovation. Accessing knowledge and other resources from other industrial sectors as well as co-developing innovative concepts around industrial symbiosis can be mutually beneficial in the search for fossil-free feedstocks and emissions reductions. In order to harness the potential of this type of innovation, it is important to understand not only the technical innovations themselves, but in particular the non-technical influencing factors that can drive the successful implementation of cross-industry collaborative innovation projects. The scientific state of the art does not provide much insight into this particular area of research. Therefore, this paper builds on three separate strands of innovation theory (cross-industry innovation, low-carbon innovation and innovation in EIIs) and takes an explorative case-study approach to identify key influencing factors for cross-industry collaboration for low-carbon innovation in EIIs. For this purpose, a broad empirical database built within the European joint research project REINVENT is analysed. The results from this project provide deep insights into the dynamics of low-carbon innovation projects of selected EIIs. Furthermore, the paper draws on insights from the research project SCI4Climate.NRW. This project serves as the scientific competence centre for IN4Climate.NRW, a unique initiative formed by politicians, industry and science to promote, among other activities, cross-industry collaboration for the implementation of a climate-neutral industry in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). Based on the results of the case study analysis, five key influencing factors are identified that drive the implementation of cross-industry collaboration for low-carbon innovation in EIIs: Cross-industry innovation projects benefit from institutionalised cross-industry exchange and professional project management and coordination. Identifying opportunities for regional integration as well as the mitigation of financial risk can also foster collaboration. Lastly, clear political framework conditions across industrial sectors are a key driver.
    Keywords: ddc:600
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by energyintensive industries to a net zero level is a very ambitious and complex but still feasible challenge, as recent studies show for the EU level. "Industrial Transformation 2050" by Material Economics (2019) is of particular relevance, as it shows how GHG-neutrality can be achieved in Europe for the sectors chemicals (plastics and ammonia), steel and cement, based on three main decarbonisation strategies. The study determines the resulting total demands for renewable electricity, hydrogen and for the capture and storage of CO2 (CCS). However, it analyses neither the regional demand patterns that are essential for the required infrastructure nor the needed infrastructure itself. Against this background the present paper determines the regional distribution of the resulting additional demands for electricity, hydrogen and CCS in Europe in the case that the two most energy and CCS intensive decarbonisation strategies of the study above will be realised for the existing industry structure. It explores the future infrastructure needs and identifies and qualitatively assesses different infrastructure solutions for the largest industrial cluster in Europe, i.e. the triangle between Antwerp, Rotterdam and Rhine-Ruhr. In addition, the two industrial regions of Southern France and Poland are also roughly examined. The paper shows that the increase in demand resulting from a green transformation of industry will require substantial adaptation and expansion of existing infrastructures. These have not yet been the subject of infrastructure planning. In particular, the strong regional concentration of additional industrial demand in clusters (hot spots) must be taken into account. Due to their distance from the high-yield but remote renewable power generation potentials (sweet spots), these clusters further increase the infrastructural challenges. This is also true for the more dispersed cement production sites in relation to the remote CO2 storage facilities. The existing infrastructure plans should therefore be immediately expanded to include decarbonisation strategies of the industrial sector.
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: In order to achieve the UNFCCC Paris Agreement goals, climate policies worldwide require considerable ratcheting-up. Policy sequencing provides a framework for analysing policy process dynamics that facilitate ratcheting-up. We apply a sequencing perspective to two key EU climate and energy policies, the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) and the Renewable Energy Directive (RED), to comparatively test the empirical relevance of sequencing for single policies - in addition to sequencing across policies, which has been the focus of sequencing theory so far - and to uncover specific mechanisms. Our results confirm that sequencing, based on triggering positive and controlling negative feedback, is relevant both within and across policies. Policy choices that may facilitate ratcheting-up include tools to control costs, the possibility to centralise and harmonise in a multi-level governance context, options for compensation of reluctant actors, and the encouragement of learning processes.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Das Ziel der Klimaneutralität ist eine große Herausforderung, insbesondere für die Industrie. Dieser Artikel analysiert und vergleicht verschiedene Strategien zur Transformation des Industriesektors, wie sie in aktuellen deutschen, europäischen und globalen Klimaschutzszenarien beschrieben werden. Zunächst werden zehn Schlüsselstrategien für weitgehende Treibhausgasemissionsreduktionen im Industriesektor identifiziert. Anschließend wird in einer Szenario-Metaanalyse untersucht, in welchem Maße verschiedene Szenarien jeweils auf die einzelnen Strategien setzen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass es zwischen den Szenarien teilweise erhebliche Unterschiede bezüglich der verfolgten Strategien gibt.
    Keywords: ddc:600
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Auf dem Weg zu einer ressourceneffizienten Gesellschaft bedarf es richtiger Rahmenbedingungen, Informationen und Handlungsalternativen. Eine Möglichkeit, diese Voraussetzungen zu schaffen, ist ein kommunales Zero-Waste-Konzept. Zero Waste lässt sich übersetzen mit "Null Abfall, null Verschwendung" und verfolgt das Ziel, möglichst wenig Abfall zu produzieren sowie effizient und sparsam mit Ressourcen umzugehen. Ein solches Konzept wie in Kiel ist die Basis für eine Zertifizierung als Zero Waste City, eine Auszeichnung, die der europäische Verein Zero Waste Europe vergibt. 2007 wurde die italienische Gemeinde Capannori zur ersten Zero Waste City in Europa erklärt, seitdem sind knapp 400 europäische Gemeinden dieser Bewegung gefolgt.
    Keywords: ddc:330
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    Language: German
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  • 73
    facet.materialart.
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Wie lange können wir noch am Konzept der "Entwicklung" festhalten? Schon lange haben die Folgen der Klimakrise, der wachsende Ressourcenmangel und eine immer größer werdende Schere zwischen Arm und Reich der schillernden Idee des Fortschritts ihren Glanz geraubt. Die Politik im Geiste der "Entwicklung" beruht nicht nur auf einem schwammigen Konzept, so der Autor, sondern sie ist auch nicht mit einem nachhaltigen Verständnis von globalem Zusammenleben vereinbar.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This assessment report identifies six key areas of sustainable consumption. Transforming those areas is associated with a significant, positive impact on sustainable development. In this way, those key areas lay the foundation to set clear priorities and formulate concrete policy measures and recommendations. The report describes recent developments and relevant actors in those six fields, outlines drivers and barriers to reach a shift towards more sustainability in those specific areas, and explores international good-practice examples. On top of this, overarching topics in the scientific discourse concerning sustainable consumption (e.g. collaborative economy, behavioural economics and nudging) are revealed by using innovative text-mining techniques. Subsequently, the report outlines the contributions of these research approaches to transforming the key areas of sustainable consumption. Finally, the report derives policy recommendations to improve the German Sustainable Development Strategy (DNS) in order to achieve a stronger stimulus effect for sustainable consumption.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die beiden mächtigsten Energiekonzerne in Deutschland fusionieren wechselseitig ihre Geschäftsfelder. Das Ergebnis wird eine bisher nie dagewesene Marktbeherrschung im Energiesektor darstellen. Die beiden Autoren beleuchten den Deal und kritisieren die Untätigkeit sämtlicher Aufsichtsbehörden.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Last year's conference of the global climate change regime took place from 2 until 15 December 2019 in Madrid, Spain. Despite marking a new record for overtime in the history of the UNFCCC, the conference did not only fail to meet the increasing public demand for swift and strong climate action, it also failed on its formal mandate to finalise the Paris rulebook. A record number of issues were left unresolved and shelved for the next session. COP25 thereby highlighted how much work still lies ahead both domestically and internationally if 2020 is to see a step-up in climate action that is consistent with the long-term goal of the Paris Agreement.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The paper describes quantitative scenarios on a possible evolution of the EU petrochemical industry towards climate neutrality. This industry will be one of the remaining sectors in a climate neutral economy still handling hydrocarbon material to manufacture polymers. Concepts of a climate neutral chemical industry stress the need to consider the potential end-of-life emissions of polymers produced from fossil feedstock and draft the vision of using renewable electricity to produce hydrogen and to use renewable (hydro)carbon feedstock. The latter could be biomass, CO2 from the air or recycled feedstock from plastic waste streams. The cost-optimization model used to develop the scenarios describes at which sites investments of industry in the production stock could take place in the future. Around 50 types of products, the related production processes and the respective sites have been collected in a database. The processes included cover the production chain from platform chemicals via intermediates to polymers. Pipelines allowing for efficient exchange of feedstock and platform chemicals between sites are taken into account as well. The model draws on this data to simulate capacity change at individual plants as well as plant utilization. Thus, a future European production network for petrochemicals with flows between the different sites and steps of the value chain can be sketched. The scenarios described in this paper reveal how an electrification strategy could be implemented by European industry over time with minimized societal costs. Today's existing assets as well as geographical variance of energy supply and the development of demand for different plastic sorts are the major model drivers. Finally, implications for the chemical industry, the energy system and national or regional governments are discussed.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Prepaid-Stromzähler sind in Deutschland noch selten, bieten jedoch zukünftig einen interessanten Markt. Vor allem kleinere Anbieter, aber auch erste Regionalversorger kombinieren die Megatrends Digitalisierung und Energiewende und kreieren daraus neue Dienstleistungen. Zusammen mit IT-Firmen entwickeln sie daraus neue Geschäftsideen, die auch hinsichtlich sozialer Aspekte hohen Anforderungen genügen. Der Rollout von Smart Metering-Lösungen eröffnet zukünftig noch größere Chancen, durch Echtzeit-Datenerfassung den Energieverbrauch und damit auch Einsparpotenziale transparent zu machen. Hochaufgelöste Daten ermöglichen innovative Dienstleistungen und bringen die Kundenbeziehung auf eine neue Ebene.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Digitale Treffen, Videokonferenzen, Streaming - die Coronakrise hat unseren beruflichen und privaten Alltag mit einem Schlag in virtuelle Räume katapultiert und die Digitalisierung vorangetrieben. Daraus lassen sich auch Lehren für den Einsatz von digitalen Technologien für die nachhaltige Entwicklung ziehen.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: For some time, 3D printing has been a major buzzword of innovation in industrial production. It was considered a game changer concerning the way industrial goods are produced. There were early expectations that it might reduce the material, energy and transport intensity of value chains. However for quite a while, the main real world applications of additive manufacturing (AM) have been some rapid prototyping and the home-based production of toys made from plastics. On this limited basis, any hypotheses regarding likely impacts on industrial energy efficiency appeared to be premature. Notwithstanding the stark contrast between early hype and practical use, the diffusion of AM has evolved to an extent that at least for some applications allows for a preliminary assessment of its likely implications for energy efficiency. Unlike many cross-cutting energy efficiency technologies, energy use of AM may vary substantially depending on industry considered and material used for processing. Moreover, AM may have much greater repercussions on other stages of value chains than conventional cross-cutting energy efficiency technologies. In case of AM with metals the following potential determinants of energy efficiency come to mind: - A reduction of material required per unit of product and used during processing; - Changes in the total number and spatial allocation of certain stages of the value chain; and - End-use energy efficiency of final products. At the same time, these various streams of impact on energy efficiency may be important drivers for the diffusion of AM with metals. This contribution takes stock of AM with metals concerning applications and processes used as well as early evidence on impacts on energy efficiency and combine this into a systematic overview. It builds on relevant literature and a case study on Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing performed within the REINVENT project.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Öffentliche Mittel für die Unterstützung von Unternehmen sollten bestenfalls so eingesetzt werden, dass sie eine möglichst große, nachhaltige Wirkung haben und mit einem gesellschaftlichen Nutzen verbunden sind. Das kann unmittelbar erfolgen, in dem die konkrete Förderung an bestimmte Vorgaben gebunden wird, wie etwa den Ausbau von zukunftsfähigen Infrastrukturen. Es besteht jedoch auch die Möglichkeit, die Risikoabsicherung von Unternehmen - beispielsweise über Bürgschaften oder andere geeignete Finanzierungskonditionen - an der Nachhaltigkeitsperformance der Unternehmen auszurichten. Der vorliegende vierstufige Leitfaden, den der WWF Deutschland und das Wuppertal Institut entwickelt haben, dient als Grundlage für die zielorientiertere Vergabe von Mitteln und deren praktische Umsetzung. Er baut auf der von der Europäischen Union entwickelten "Taxonomie" für nachhaltige Investitionen auf. Darin enthalten sind Grenzwerte, welche die Nachhaltigkeitsperformance wirtschaftlicher Aktivitäten definieren. Auf diese Weise lässt sich filtern, ob ein wirtschaftliches Vorhaben zukunftsfähig ist. Hierbei unterstützt der "Entscheidungsbaum" des Leitfadens die Anwendung der EU-Taxonomie als Regelwerk.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die Studie zeigt interdependente Geschlechteraspekte von Klimapolitik sowie Wirkweisen und Chancen zur Verbesserung von Geschlechtergerechtigkeit auf. In ihr leitet ein interdisziplinäres Forschungsteam Grundsätze zur Einbeziehung von Geschlechtergerechtigkeit in Klimaschutz und -anpassung ab, analysiert bestehende Programme auf ihre Genderrelevanz hin und gibt konkrete Politikempfehlungen z. B. zum Klimaschutzgesetz und Gender Aktionsplänen. Wichtige Erkenntnisse ergeben sich auch für Methoden, Daten und Forschungsbedarfe. Schließlich werden Empfehlungen zu Finanzierungs- und Förderaspekten sowie Wissensverbreitung und Kompetenzstärkung gegeben und ein an den Klimabereich angepasstes Instrument zur gleichstellungsorientierten Folgenabschätzung (Gender Impact Assessment) vorgestellt.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, positive Nachhaltigkeitseffekte für die in 2017 emittierte Nachhaltigskeitsanleihe NRW zu bewerten. Die Studie baut dabei auf der Wirkungsanalyse der zweiten Nachhaltigskeitsanleihe NRW auf. Diese Studie war auf die Abschätzung von Treibhausgas-Minderungspotenzialen (THG-Minderungen) fokussiert. Der Fokus der vorliegenden Studie liegt ebenfalls auf der Evaluation der potenziellen THG-Minderung, da deren Bewertung sich derzeit als Standard für eine Wirkungsanalyse solcher Anleihen abzeichnet.
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Participatory modeling - the involvement of stakeholders in the modeling process - can support various objectives, such as stimulating learning processes or promoting mutual understanding of stakeholders. Participatory modeling approaches could therefore be useful for the governance of transitions, but a systematic account of potential application areas of participatory modeling methods in transition governance is still lacking. This article addresses this gap by providing a review of participatory modeling methods and linking them to phases and objectives of transition governance. We reviewed participatory modeling studies in transition research and related fields of social-ecological modeling, integrated assessment and environmental management. We find that participatory modeling methods are mostly used for participatory visioning and goal setting as well as for interactive strategy development. The review shows the potential for extending the application of participatory modeling methods to additional phases of transition governance and for the exchange of experiences between research fields.
    Keywords: ddc:600
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  • 86
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    Amman : Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Jordan & Iraq
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The energy system of Jordan is facing a rise in energy demand while at the same time having quite limited own conventional energy resources. Especially because of their high import dependency, Jordan is starting to change its energy system and puts a higher focus on renewable energy (like wind and solar) and energy efficiency. In this short paper the authors discuss the transformation of energy companies in Germany and highlight the possibilities of energy efficiency services. Furthermore, they examinate the transferability to Jordan, based on the results of a questionnaire among Jordan energy experts. Due to the low level of research knowledge in the specific field, this is an exploratory research approach. The role, challenges and opportunities of Jordan's state-owned National Electric Power Company NEPCO have been highlighted.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: It has been widely recognized that there is an urgent need for more sustainable urban transport policy and planning. To understand ambitious policy approaches, "relatively successful" cities are regularly subject of analyses. This paper also focuses on relatively successful cities - by reviewing the application documents of the winner cities of the European Green Capital Award (EGCA). Award schemes not only aim to reward leading participants, but likewise aim to contribute to knowledge transfer and the dissemination of good practice examples to non-participants. So far award schemes and good practice approaches have received limited attention by research. This paper reviews and analyses the application forms of the EGCA winning cities to learn about ambitious policy approaches to sustainable and climate-friendly urban transport.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die Digitalisierung und der demografische Wandel sind Megatrends, die die Energiewende überlagern. Mehr denn je sind daher integrierte Problemlösungskonzepte für die Umsetzung der Energiewende gefragt. Neben den technischen Aspekten sollen diese Lösungen auf die sozio-ökonomischen Charakteristika der einzelnen Regionen und Kommunen eingehen und mögliche Veränderungen durch die Megatrends berücksichtigen. Zielsetzung des Teilprojekts war die Entwicklung eines wirtschaftlich-, ökologisch- und sozial optimalen Wärmeversorgungskonzepts für die Konversionsfläche der ehemaligen Zeche Westerholt in Gelsenkirchen-Herten. Im Fokus stand das Gesamtsystem der Wärmeversorgung, bestehend aus Netz, Speicher und Erzeugung. Angestrebt wurde eine zukunftsfähige Niedertemperaturversorgung (LowEx), welche Technologien der Sektorkopplung und diverse erneuerbare Energiequellen wie Solarthermie, Erdwärme und Abwärmequellen einbinden kann. Dabei wurde eine integrierte Analyse technisch-infrastruktureller sowie sozio-ökonomischer und -kultureller Umsetzungsvoraussetzungen durchgeführt. Neben der interkommunalen Einbindung zeichnete sich das Vorhaben durch ein transdisziplinäres Projektkonsortium aus Kommune, Stadtwerk, Wissenschaft, Technologieentwicklern und Planungsbüros aus.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 89
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    Stockholm : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Financial institutions play a crucial role in achieving the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement. They can manage capital flows for financing the required transformation towards a decarbonized industry. Currently established policy programs and regulations at European and national level increasingly address financial institutions to make their climate warming impact measurable and transparent. However, required science-based assessment methods have not been sufficiently developed so far. This paper discusses methodological opportunities and challenges for measuring carbon footprints of financial institutions. Based on a scientific case study undertaken with the German GLS Bank, the authors introduce an innovative method for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from a bank's asset with a focus on loans. The authors apply an input/output database to calculate greenhouse gas (GHG) intensities and allocate them with bank's loans and investments. Moreover, the paper provides insights of calculating avoided GHG emissions initiated by a bank's investment and loans. In conclusion, a high degree of consistent and standardized assessment methods and guidelines need to be developed and applied to promote comparability and transparency.
    Keywords: ddc:600
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Effective actions to mitigate climate change are urgently needed, especially in the context of cities, which are major sources of global CO2 emissions. Establishing and managing knowledge systems that integrate local knowledge can contribute to establishing more effective responses to climate change as well as transformative change towards sustainability. However, it is still unclear how new forms of urban governance should acquire, store, create, or disseminate knowledge for fostering sustainability transitions effectively. In this study, we present a multilevel knowledge system approach based on design principles informed especially by the knowledge management literature. These address (i) working environments across multiple levels, (ii) knowledge forms and types, and (iii) knowledge processes. We apply this approach to municipal climate action in the German energy transition. In particular, we focus on the operational work of municipal climate action managers of regional centers of Lower Saxony, one of the largest of the 16 federal states, and investigate their involvement in knowledge processes. Based on semi-structured interviews in 14 of the 17 regional centers, we show that structural pre-conditions for successful knowledge management and organizational learning are present. However, we also show that there is a need for improvement regarding (i) the multilevel coordination for accelerating routine operation, (ii) the persistence of local operational knowledge, and (iii) the exploitation of local innovations. Relying on these results, we offer general recommendations for municipal climate action and suggest that policies should (i) rely on local knowledge for effective decision-making, (ii) foster multilevel exchanges of explicit and tacit knowledge for implementation, and (iii) enable open-ended learning processes that leverage local innovations for creating usable transformational knowledge.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Mehr als sechs Millionen Tonnen Kunststoffabfälle fallen in Deutschland jährlich an, nur etwas weniger als die Hälfte kann werk- und rohstofflich genutzt werden, der Rest wird verbrannt. Gerade gemischte Kunststoffarten erschweren das Recycling. Hier bietet sich das chemische Recycling (Pyrolyse) an. Bei diesem Verfahren werden die Stoffe durch hohe Temperaturen zersetzt und in kleinere Moleküle aufgespalten. Diese lassen sich im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft in neue Kunststoffe oder chemische Grundstoffe überführen. Die Schätzungen gehen von bis zu zwei Millionen Tonnen Kunststoffabfall jährlich aus, der auf diese Weise wiederverwendet werden könnte. Das vorliegende Diskussionspapier zeigt, dass Pyrolyse von gemischten Kunststoffabfällen die chemische Industrie sowie die Abfallwirtschaft klimafreundlicher gestalten kann. Im Papier geht das Autorenteam auf die Potenziale und Entwicklungsperspektiven für Nordrhein-Westfalen ein mit dem Ziel, wissenschaftliche Grundlagen für Investitionsentscheidungen und Projektentwicklung im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft zu schaffen.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Dem humorvoll skeptischen Blick auf den Zeitgeist zeigt sich ein seltsames Bild: Es scheint eine Zeit der Wenden ohne wirkliche Wende zu sein. So lange schon wird von "Wende" geschrieben und gesprochen, dass inzwischen beispielsweise in Verbindung mit Energie von alter (1980er-Jahre) und von neuer (2010er-Jahre) Energiewende die Rede ist. Viele Wenden sind in deutscher Sprachmanier zusammengesetzte Substantive und beziehen sich - von der Mobilitäts- über die Konsum- und die Agrar- bis hin zur Waldwende - auf ökologische Probleme. Manchen Wenden ist ein Adjektiv beigefügt, das eine Strömung im politisch-ökonomischen Raum beschreibt, so etwa die neoliberale Wende in der Sozialpolitik. Meist wird im Kontext der Ökologie konstatiert, dass die Probleme zwar bekannt, die eingeleiteten Wendestrategien und Wendemaßnahmen aber völlig unzureichend seien. Daher schlägt Benedikt Schmid eine "kritische Wende" vor. Die wachstums- und fortschrittsgebundenen Denkmuster gelte es aufzubrechen. Sie seien beharrlich und würden sich immer wieder auch in den zeitlichen und räumlichen Vorstellungen alternativer Ansätze einnisten. (1) Das Forschungsprojekt VorAB ("Vorsorgend handeln - Avantgardistische Brückenansätze für nachhaltige Regionalentwicklung") fragt nach strukturellen Hindernissen für nachhaltige Regionalentwicklung und nach Potenzialen fortschrittlicher Ansätze zu fairer Land- und Ressourcennutzung. (2) Es untersucht die Transformationsfelder Wald-, Energie- und Landwirtschaft in der Region Lübeck. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei dem Terminus Wende mit Blick auf qualitative und grundlegende Veränderungen Vorsicht geboten ist.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die nationale Wasserstoffstrategie der Bundesregierung beinhaltet zentrale Zielkonflikte: Stärkung der deutschen Wirtschaft versus hohe Importquote, günstigere Produktionskosten im Ausland versus höhere Wertschöpfung durch Produktion im Inland. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in diesem Beitrag diskutiert, wie groß die Kostenunterschiede ausfallen, welche Bedeutung die Transportkosten haben und welche Reboundeffekte bei Importen aus Nordafrika zu beachten sind.
    Keywords: ddc:600
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    Language: German
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Das im Auftrag des Umweltschutzamts Kiel entwickelte Zero-Waste-Konzept zeigt anhand eines umfangreichen Handlungsplans, wie Kiel zur "Zero Waste City" werden kann. Das Konzept ist die Basis für eine Zertifizierung als "Zero Waste City" - eine Auszeichnung, die der europäische Verein Zero Waste Europe vergibt. Nachdem im Jahr 2007 die italienische Gemeinde Capannori zur ersten "Zero Waste City" in Europa erklärt wurde, haben sich knapp 400 europäische Gemeinden dieser Bewegung angeschlossen. Für das Kieler Zero-Waste-Konzept stellten die Forschenden insgesamt 20 konkrete Ziele auf, die helfen, Abfall zu reduzieren, die Wiederverwendung von Produkten zu steigern und die Abfalltrennung zu verbessern. Kiels ambitioniertes Ziel: Die Stadt will die Maßnahmen, die innerhalb des Zero-Waste-Konzepts ermittelt wurden, zwischen 2025 und 2050 umsetzen und bis 2035 die Gesamtabfallmenge pro Kopf und Jahr durchschnittlich um 15 Prozent senken, die Haus- und Geschäftsabfälle - also Restabfälle - bis zum Jahr 2035 halbieren und langfristig auf 50 Kilogramm pro Kopf und Jahr reduzieren.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die Autoren fassen die Entwicklung Urbaner Produktion und der damit verbundenen ökologischen Beeinträchtigungen zusammen. Vor dem Hintergrund einschlägiger Forschung werden Methoden der Quantifizierung ökologischer Wirkungen Urbaner Produktion mit ihren globalisierten Lieferketten dargestellt. Der Artikel schließt mit einer Darstellung möglicher Perspektiven faktenbasierter, partizipativer Planung Urbaner Produktion.
    Keywords: ddc:300
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2022-05-10
    Description: The annual Climate Change Conference took place on 2-15 December in Katowice, Poland. It included the twenty-fourth Conference of the Parties (COP-24) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the fourteenth Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (MOP-14), the resumed first Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (MOP-1), and their subsidiary bodies. The conference had two main objectives: operationalizing the Paris Agreement by adopting detailed rules for its implementation and starting the process of strengthening the parties' climate protection contributions.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 97
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    Berlin : Institut für Klimaschutz, Energie und Mobilität
    Publication Date: 2022-05-05
    Description: Das Forschungsvorhaben FlexGeber hat die Darstellung des Flexibilitätspotentials von gewerblich und industriell genutzten Gebäuden in Deutschland sowie die Verknüpfung mit den sich wandelnden Anforderungen des Energiesystems zum Ziel. Im Rahmen des Projekts wurde durch die Projektpartner eine gemeinsame Vision für einen treibhausgasneutralen Nichtwohngebäudebestand erarbeitet. Die Vision stellt ein von den Projektpartner geteiltes Zielszenario dar, in welchem ein treibhausgasneutraler Nichtwohngebäudebestand Realität ist. Im vorliegenden Bericht betrachten das IKEM und das Wuppertal Institut die für ein solches Szenario erforderlichen gesellschaftlichen, wirtschaftlichen, ökologischen und politischen Rahmenbedingungen.
    Keywords: ddc:600
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2022-05-12
    Description: Die Corona-Pandemie führt uns vor Augen, wie wichtig das unmittelbare Wohnumfeld ist. Den kommunalen Zusammenhalt und lokale Infrastrukturen zu stärken, macht unsere Städte krisenfester und nachhaltiger - auch für notwendige Transformationen im Zuge des Klimawandels.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2022-05-12
    Description: Steigende Energiepreise und die Importabhängigkeit von fossilen Energieträgern - unter anderem aufgrund des Krieges in der Ukraine - erfordern eine politische und gesellschaftliche Reaktion. Wie kann es gelingen, weniger Energie zu verbrauchen? Hier kann die Energiesuffizienz als Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie Ansatzpunkte liefern. Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, welche Pläne und Instrumente für Energiesuffizienz die politischen Institutionen in Deutschland vorlegen.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2022-05-12
    Description: By applying a phase model for the renewables-based energy transition in the MENA countries to Israel, the study provides a guiding vision to support the strategy development and steering of the energy transition process. The transition towards a renewable-based energy system can reduce import dependencies and increase the energy security in Israel. Key issues that need to be tackled in order to advance the energy transition in Israel are the expansion of flexibility options, discussion on the long-term role of natural gas, increasing participation and awareness, and exploring the future role of power-to-X in the energy system.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
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