ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Foreword ; 1. The Limited Environmental Capacity ; 2. On politics in crisis ; 3. On science's role and responsibility ; 4. From Copenhagen to Durban ; 5. Respect The Planetary Boundaries ; 6. A Triply Green Revolution ; 7. The Critical Role of Energy ; 8. The Forgotten Issue ; 9. The Weapon of Doubt ; 10. The Greenhouse Effect ; 11. What Climate Denies Do Not Want To Know ; 12. The Arctic: Canary in the mine ; 13. Is Sweden a World Champion in Climate Policy ; 14. Getting the Economy Right ; 15. The Financial Sector: Ignoring The Risks ; 16. Growth's Dilemma ; 17. Toward A Circular Economy ; 18. How much is enough? ; 19. The Road Ahead

Description / Table of Contents: The Arctic is now experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate change on earth. Over the next 100 years, climate change is expected to accelerate, contributing to major physical, ecological, social, and economic changes, many of which have already begun. Changes in arctic climate will also affect the rest of the world through increased global warming and rising sea levels. The volume addresses the following major topics: research results in observing aspects of the Arctic climate system and its processes across a range of time and space scales; representation of cryospheric, atmospheric, and oceanic processes in models, including simulation of their interaction with coupled models; our understanding of the role of the arctic in the global climate system, its response to large-scale climate variations, and the processes involved.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction to the Cryosphere. - Chapter 2: Material Properties of Snow and Ice. - Chapter 3: Snow and Ice Thermodynamics. - Chapter 4: Seasonal Snow and Freshwater Ice. - Chapter 5: Sea Ice. - Chapter 6: Glaciers and Ice Sheets. - Chapter 7: Permafrost. - Chapter 8: Cryosphere-Climate Processes. - Chapter 9: The Cryosphere and Climate Change.

Description / Table of Contents: The cryosphere encompasses the Earth's snow and ice masses. It is a critical part of our planet's climate system, one that is especially at risk from climate change and global warming. "The Cryosphere" provides an essential introduction to the subject, written by one of the world's leading experts in Earth-system science. In this primer, glaciologist Shawn Marshall introduces readers to the cryosphere and the broader role it plays in our global climate system. After giving a concise overview, he fully explains each component of the cryosphere and how it works - seasonal snow, permafrost, river and lake ice, sea ice, glaciers, ice sheets, and ice shelves. Marshall describes how snow and ice interact with our atmosphere and oceans and how they influence climate, sea level, and ocean circulation. He looks at the cryosphere's role in past ice ages, and considers the changing cryosphere's future impact on our landscape, oceans, and climate. Accessible and authoritative, this primer also features a glossary of key terms, suggestions for further reading, explanations of equations, and a discussion of open research questions in the field.

Description / Table of Contents: The modeling of the past, present, and future climates is of fundamental importance to the issue of climate change and variability. Climate change and climate modeling provides a solid foundation for science students in all disciplines for our current understanding of global warming and important natural climate variations such as El Niño, and lays out the essentials of how climate models are constructed. As issues of climate change and impacts of climate variability become increasingly important, climate scientists must reach out to science students from a range of disciplines. Climate models represent one of our primary tools for predicting and adapting to climate change. An understanding of their strengths and limitations - and of what aspects of climate science are well understood and where quantitative uncertainities arise - can be communicated very effectively to students from a broad range of the sciences. This book will provide a basis for students to make informed decisions concerning climate change, whether they go on to study atmospheric science at a higher level or not. The book has been developed over a number of years form the course that the author teaches at UCLA. It has been extensively class-tested by hundreds of students, and assumes no previous background in atmospheric science except basic calculus and physics.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: TEIL 1:HINTERGRUND ; 1 Sorgen um die Zukunft ; 2 Fünf große Fragen im Blick auf 2052 ; TEIL 2: MEINE GLOBALE PROGNOSE ; 3 Die meiner Prognose zugrunde liegende Logik ; 4 Bevölkerung und Konsum bis 2052 ; 5 Energie und C02 bis 2052 ; 6 Ernährung und Fußabdruck bis 2052 ; 7 Die nicht-materielle Zukunft bis 2052 ; 8 Der Zeitgeist von 2052 ; TEIL 3: ANALYSE ; 9 Gedanken über die Zukunft ; 10 Fünf regionale Zukünfte im Blick auf 2052 ; 11 Vergleich mit anderen Zukünften ; 12 Welche Möglichkeiten haben wir noch? ; Schlussbemerkung

Description / Table of Contents: The atmosphere is critical to climate change. It can amplify shifts in the climate system, and also mitigate them. This primer offers a short, reader-friendly introduction to these atmospheric processes and how they work, written by a leading expert on the subject. Giving readers an overview of key atmospheric processes, David Randall looks at how our climate system receives energy from the sun and sheds it by emitting infrared radiation back into space. The atmosphere regulates these radiative energy flows and transports energy through weather systems such as thunderstorms, monsoons, hurricanes, and winter storms. Randall explains how these processes work, and also how precipitation, cloud formation, and other phase changes of water strongly influence weather and climate. He discusses how atmospheric feedbacks affect climate change, how the the large-scale atmospheric circulation works, how predicting the weather and the climate are fundamentally different challenges, and much more. This is the ideal introduction for students and nonspecialists. No prior experience in atmospheric science is needed, only basic college physics.

Description / Table of Contents: Umfassender geht es nicht! Hier erfahren Sie alles, was Sie mit der Version 11.04 »Natty Narwhal« (dt. »Schicker Zahnwal«) der beliebtesten Linux-Distribution Ubuntu anstellen können. Von der Installation, der Paketverwaltung über Optimierung, Programmierung, Migration und Kernelkompilierung bis hin zur Virtualisierung und Netzwerktechnik finden Sie alle wichtigen Fragen zu Ubuntu Linux in diesem Buch beantwortet. Darüber hinaus profitieren Sie von mehr als 300 eigens gekennzeichneten Tipps und Tricks sowie von zahlreichen Praxisworkshops. Werden Sie mit diesem Buch ganz einfach zum Ubuntu-Profi! Übrigens: Auch eingefleischte Ubuntu-Nutzer werden in dieser Ausgabe zur aktuellen Version viel Neues entdecken - denn Ubuntu setzt seit »Natty Narwhal« mit der Unity-Oberfläche auf einen neuen Look.

Description / Table of Contents: Die Fortsetzung des Java-Kultbuchs für Entwickler! Hier bekommen Sie umfassendes und kompetentes Praxiswissen zu den vielen Bibliotheken und Technologien in einem Band. Am Beispiel konkreter Java-Projekte zeigt Christian Ullenboom, was man wissen muss über Swing, Netzwerk- und Grafikprogrammierung, RMI und Web-Services, JavaServer Pages und Servlets, Applets, JDBC, Reflection und Annotationen, Logging und Monitoring, Java Native Interface (JNI) und vieles mehr. Dieses Buch ist Ihr unersetzlicher Begleiter bei der täglichen Arbeit!

Description / Table of Contents: The x-ray is the only invention that became a regular diagnostic tool in hospitals within a week of its first observation by Roentgen in 1895. Even today, x-rays are a great characterization tool at the hands of scientists working in almost every field, such as medicine, physics, material science, space science, chemistry, archeology, and metallurgy. With vast existing applications of x-rays, it is even more surprising that every day people are finding new applications of x-rays or refining the existing techniques. This book consists of selected chapters on the recent applications of x-ray spectroscopy that are of great interest to the scientists and engineers working in the fields of material science, physics, chemistry, astrophysics, astrochemistry, instrumentation, and techniques of x-ray based characterization. The chapters have been grouped into two major sections based upon the techniques and applications. The book covers some basic principles of satellite x-rays as characterization tools for chemical properties and the physics of detectors and x-ray spectrometer. The techniques like EDXRF, WDXRF, EPMA, satellites, micro-beam analysis, particle induced XRF, and matrix effects are discussed. The characterization of thin films and ceramic materials using x-rays is also covered.

Description / Table of Contents: Today, space technology is used as an excellent instrument for Earth observation applications. Data is collected using satellites and other available platforms for remote sensing. Remote sensing data collection detects a wide range of electromagnetic energy which is emitting, transmitting, or reflecting from the Earth's surface. Appropriate detection systems are needed to implement further data processing. Space technology has been found to be a successful application for studying climate change, as current and past data can be dynamically compared. This book presents different aspects of climate change and discusses space technology applications.

Description / Table of Contents: The UK is a country with over 150 years of widespread exploitation of its principal aquifers for public water supply. Increasing demands, greater awareness of environmental pressures and more exacting legislation has heightened the need for quantitative models to predict the impacts of groundwater use. In the UK this has culminated in a unique national, regulator-led programme for England and Wales to develop conceptual and numerical models of the principal bedrock aquifers. The outcomes of this programme will be of interest to the international hydrogeological community, particularly as international legislation such as the European Water Framework Directive requires management of water issues across administrative boundaries with a varied cast of stakeholders. The collection of papers provides a contrast between practitioner- and research-based approaches to assess and predict the anthropogenic impacts and environmental pressures. Many insights are provided on how the regular use of groundwater models may address the environmental challenges of the future.

Description / Table of Contents: The E-Book "River Basins and Change" was launched at the 6th World Water Forum at Marseille. The book is a joint endavour of GWSP and UNESCO-IHE. This electronic book contains the major contributions to the international conference „Global Dimensions of Change in River Basins. Threats, Links and Adaptation“ organised by the Global Catchment Initiative (GCI) of GWSP in Bonn, Germany in December 2010. Addressing especially graduate students and young professionals in the field of freshwater research, the book is meant as an introduction to the issues, debates and contributions of the conference. It is structured into three sections: 1. Global Change and River Basins, 2. Accounting for Water and River Basins, 3. Governance and River Basins. The book is devised as a free publication in digital form to achieve maximum outreach and accessability.

Description / Table of Contents: We now find ourselves utilizing luciferase - luciferin proteins, ATP, genes and the whole complex of these interactions to observe and follow the progress or inhibition of tumors in animal models by measuring bioluminescence intensity, spatially and temporally using highly sophisticated camera systems. This book describes applications in preclinical oncology research by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) with a variety of applications. Chapters describe current methodologies for rapid detection of contaminants using the Milliflex system, and the use of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technology for monitoring physical interactions between proteins in living cells. Others are using bioluminescent proteins for high sensitive optical reporters imaging in living animals, developing pH-tolerant luciferase for brighter in vivo imaging, and oscillation characteristics in bacterial bioluminescence. The book also contains descriptions of the long-term seasonal characteristics of oceanic bioluminescence and the responsible planktonic species producing bioluminescence. Such studies are few and rare.

Description / Table of Contents: Soil Fertility Improvement and Integrated Nutrient Management: A Global Perspective presents 15 invited chapters written by leading soil fertility experts. The book is organized around three themes. The first theme is Soil Mapping and Soil Fertility Testing, describing spatial heterogeneity in soil nutrients within natural and managed ecosystems, as well as up-to-date soil testing methods and information on how soil fertility indicators respond to agricultural practices. The second theme, Organic and Inorganic Amendments for Soil Fertility Improvement, describes fertilizing materials that provide important amounts of essential nutrients for plants.The third theme, Integrated Nutrient Management Planning: Case Studies From Central Europe, South America, and Africa, highlights the principles of integrated nutrient management. Additionally, it gives case studies explaining how this approach has been implemented successfully across large geographic regions, and at local scales, to improve the productivity of staple crops and forages.

Description / Table of Contents: Climatology, the study of climate, is no longer regarded as a single discipline that treats climate as something that fluctuates only within the unchanging boundaries described by historical statistics. The field has recognized that climate is something that changes continually under the influence of physical and biological forces and so, cannot be understood in isolation but rather, is one that includes diverse scientific disciplines that play their role in understanding a highly complex coupled "whole system" that is the earth's climate. The modern era of climatology is echoed in this book. On the one hand it offers a broad synoptic perspective but also considers the regional standpoint, as it is this that affects what people need from climatology. Aspects on the topic of climate change - what is often considered a contradiction in terms - is also addressed. It is all too evident these days that what recent work in climatology has revealed carries profound implications for economic and social policy; it is with these in mind that the final chapters consider acumens as to the application of what has been learned to date.

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides readers with a clear progress to theoretical and observational astrophysics. It is not surprising that astrophysics is continually growing because very sophisticated telescopes are being developed and they bring the universe closer and make it accessible. Astrophysics Book presents a unique opportunity for readers to demonstrate processes do occur in Nature. The unique feature of this book is to cover different aspects in astrophysics covering the topics: Astronomy, Theoretical Astrophysics, Observational Astrophysics, Cosmology, The Solar System, Stars, Planets, Galaxies, Observation, Spectroscopy, Dark Matter, Neutron Stars, High Energy Astrophysics

Description / Table of Contents: Petroleum "black gold" is the most important nonrenewable source of energy. It is a complex mixture of different phases and components. Refining it provides a vast number of organic compounds, all of them of which are used to produce petroleum based products for numerous applications, from industry to medicine, from clothing to food industries. We can find petroleum based products all around us. This book deals with some important topics related to petroleum such as its chemical composition and stability. It is well-known that the chemical composition of crude oil differs according to the site of production, and its grade varies from waxy to asphaltenic crude. Both of them are refined to produce different products. The stability of crude oil on aging and transportation is governed by several factors and these factors are included within this book. Some new technologies for petroleum characterization are also introduced. This book is aimed at researchers, chemical engineers and people working within the petroleum industry.

Description / Table of Contents: Nowadays it is hard to find areas of human activity and development that have not profited from or contributed to remote sensing. Natural, physical and social activities find in remote sensing a common ground for interaction and development. This book intends to show the reader how remote sensing impacts other areas of science, technology, and human activity, by displaying a selected number of high quality contributions dealing with different remote sensing applications.

Description / Table of Contents: This book brings together the knowledge from a variety of topics within the field of geochemistry. The audience for this book consists of a multitude of scientists such as physicists, geologists, technologists, petroleum engineers, volcanologists, geochemists and government agencies. The topics represented facilitate as establishing a starting point for new ideas and further contributions. An effective management of geological and environmental issues requires the understanding of recent research in minerals, soil, ores, rocks, water, sediments. The use of geostatistical and geochemical methods relies heavily on the extraction of this book. The research presented was carried out by experts and is therefore highly recommended to scientists, under- and post-graduate students who want to gain knowledge about the recent developments in geochemistry and benefit from an enhanced understanding of the dynamics of the earth's system processes.

Description / Table of Contents: This book is devoted to different aspects of earthquake research. Depending on their magnitude and the placement of the hypocenter, earthquakes have the potential to be very destructive. Given that they can cause significant losses and deaths, it is really important to understand the process and the physics of this phenomenon. This book does not focus on a unique problem in earthquake processes, but spans studies on historical earthquakes and seismology in different tectonic environments, to more applied studies on earthquake geology.

Description / Table of Contents: Climate Models offers a sampling of cutting edge research contributed by an international roster of scientists. The studies strive to improve our understanding of the physical environment for life on this planet. Each of the 14 essays presents a description of recent advances in methodologies for computer-based simulation of environmental variability. Subjects range from planetary-scale phenomena to regional ecology, from impacts of air pollution to the factors influencing floods and heat waves. The discerning reader will be rewarded with new insights concerning modern techniques for the investigation of the natural world.

Description / Table of Contents: An economic viability of a modern day mine is highly dependent upon careful planning and management. Declining trends in average ore grades, increasing mining costs and environmental considerations will ensure that this situation will remain in the foreseeable future. This book describes mining methods for the surface and underground mineral deposits. The methods are generalized and focus on typical applications from different mining areas around the world, keeping in mind, however, that every mineral deposit, with its geology, grade, shape, and volume, is unique. The book will serve as a useful resource for researchers, engineers and managers working in the mining industry, as well as for universities, non-governmental organizations, legal organizations, financial institutions and students and lecturers in mining engineering.

Description / Table of Contents: This book consists of a selection of original papers of the leading scientists in the fields of Space and Planetary Physics, Solar and Space Plasma Physics with important contributions to the theory, modeling and experimental techniques of the solar wind exploration. Its purpose is to provide the means for interested readers to become familiar with the current knowledge of the solar wind formation and elemental composition, the interplanetary dynamical evolution and acceleration of the charged plasma particles, and the guiding magnetic field that connects to the magnetospheric field lines and adjusts the effects of the solar wind on Earth. I am convinced that most of the research scientists actively working in these fields will find in this book many new and interesting ideas.

Description / Table of Contents: Energy efficiency is finally a common sense term. Nowadays almost everyone knows that using energy more efficiently saves money, reduces the emissions of greenhouse gasses and lowers dependence on imported fossil fuels. We are living in a fossil age at the peak of its strength. Competition for securing resources for fuelling economic development is increasing, price of fuels will increase while availability of would gradually decline. Small nations will be first to suffer if caught unprepared in the midst of the struggle for resources among the large players. Here it is where energy efficiency has a potential to lead toward the natural next step - transition away from imported fossil fuels! Someone said that the only thing more harmful then fossil fuel is fossilized thinking. It is our sincere hope that some of chapters in this book will influence you to take a fresh look at the transition to low carbon economy and the role that energy efficiency can play in that process.

Description / Table of Contents: Landscape architecture is the design of outdoor and public spaces to achieve environmental, socio-behavioral, and/or aesthetic outcomes. It involves the systematic investigation of existing social, ecological, and geological conditions and processes in the landscape, and the design of interventions that will produce the desired outcome. The scope of the profession includes: urban design; site planning; town or urban planning; environmental restoration; parks and recreation planning; visual resource management; green infrastructure planning and provision; and private estate and residence landscape master planning and design - all at varying scales of design, planning and management. This book contains chapters on recent developments in studies of landscape architecture. For this reason I believe the book would be useful to the relevant professional disciplines.

Description / Table of Contents: The tsunami from the 1960 Chilean earthquake affected the entire Pacific Ocean and motivated the international coordination of tsunami research and warning systems around the Pacific. However, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami affected the entire world, and reminded that tsunamis are not a local or regional problem but a global issue. This volume contains 15 papers, mostly presented at the 24th International Tsunami Symposium held on 14-16 July 2009 in Novosibirsk, Russia. They reflect the current state of tsunami science, including studies of recent tsunamis, tsunami statistics and warning, and modeling tsunami runup and inundation.

Description / Table of Contents: The field of digital image segmentation is continually evolving. Most recently, the advanced segmentation methods such as Template Matching, Spatial and Temporal ARMA Processes, Mean Shift Iterative Algorithm, Constrained Compound Markov Random Field (CCMRF) model and Statistical Pattern Recognition (SPR) methods form the core of a modernization effort that resulted in the current text. This new edition of "Advanced Image Segmentation" is but a reflection of the significant progress that has been made in the field of image segmentation in just the past few years. The book presented chapters that highlight frontier works in image information processing.

Description / Table of Contents: This is the first book in a three-volume series deploying MATLAB-based applications in almost every branch of science. This volume, presents interesting topics from different areas of engineering, signal and image processing based on the MATLAB environment. The book consists of 20 excellent, insightful articles and the readers will find the results very useful to their work. This collection of high quality articles, refers to a large range of professional fields and may be used for scientific, engineering and educational purposes.

Description / Table of Contents: This book presents several recent advances that are related or fall under the umbrella of 'digital image processing', with the purpose of providing an insight into the possibilities offered by digital image processing algorithms in various fields. The presented mathematical algorithms are accompanied by graphical representations and illustrative examples for an enhanced readability. The chapters are written in a manner that allows even a reader with basic experience and knowledge in the digital image processing field to properly understand the presented algorithms. Concurrently, the structure of the information in this book is such that fellow scientists will be able to use it to push the development of the presented subjects even further.

Description / Table of Contents: Remagnetization is a common phenomenon in rocks, and developing a greater understanding of its mechanisms has several benefits. Acquisition of a secondary magnetization is usually tangible evidence of a diagenetic or thermal event, which can be dated using palaeomagnetic techniques. This is important because the timing of diagenetic and thermal events is commonly difficult to determine. Remagnetization can also obscure primary magnetizations and a better understanding of remagnetization could improve our ability to uncover primary magnetizations. Many chemical remagnetization mechanisms have been proposed, including those associated with chemical alteration by a number of different fluids (e.g. orogenic, weathering, mineralizing, hydrocarbons) and burial diagenetic processes (e.g. clay diagenesis, maturation of organic matter). This book contains case studies and review articles that focus on remagnetization, chemical remagnetization mechanisms, and magnetic changes associated with chemical alteration by hydrocarbons.

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides a wealth of new information, ideas and analysis on some of the key unknowns in hurricane research. Topics covered include the numerical prediction systems for tropical cyclone development, the use of remote sensing methods for tropical cyclone development, a parametric surface wind model for tropical cyclones, a micrometeorological analysis of the wind as a hurricane passes over Houston, USA, the meteorological passage of numerous tropical cyclones as they pass over the South China Sea, simulation modelling of evacuations by motorised vehicles in Alabama, the influence of high stream-flow events on nutrient flows in the post hurricane period, a reviews of the medical needs, both physical and psychological of children in a post hurricane scenario and finally the impact of two hurricanes on Ireland. Hurricanes discussed in the various chapters include Katrina, Ike, Isidore, Humberto, Debbie and Charley and many others in the North Atlantic as well as numerous tropical cyclones in the South China Sea.

Description / Table of Contents: Mainstreaming Environmental Finance into Financial Markets - Relevance, Potential and Obstacles --- Mainstreaming Framework Conditions for Environmental Finance - The Role of the Public Sector --- Mainstreaming Environmental Finance Markets (I) - Small-Scale Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Finance --- The Roles of Wheather Insurance and the Carbon Market --- Mainstreaming Impact Over Time - Who Measures What for Whom? --- UNEP Perspectives --- Trading of Emission Certificates for Climate Protection: Using Markets and Private Capital for Development --- Microfinance and Climate Change: Threats and Opportunities --- Environmental Finance Through the Financial Sector - An Approach with Growing Potential - Experiences of KfW Entwicklungsbank

Description / Table of Contents: More than the usual academic textbook, the present volume presents sociology as terrain that one can virtually traverse and experience. Each version of the sociological imagination captured by the chapter essays takes the readers to the realm of the taken-for-granted (such as zoological collections, food, education, entrepreneurship, religious participation, etc.) and the extraordinary (the likes of organizational fraud, climate change, labour relations, multiple modernities, etc.) - altogether presumed to be problematic and yet possible. Using the sociological perspective as the frame of reference, the readers are invited to interrogate the realities and trends which their social worlds relentlessly create for them, allowing them in return, to discover their unique locations in their cultures' social map.

Description / Table of Contents: This book focuses on the development of biodiesel systems from the production of feedstocks and their processing technologies to the comprehensive applications of both by-products and biodiesel. It should be of interest for students, researchers, scientists and technologists.

Description / Table of Contents: The Baltic Sea is surrounded by land, thus exchanges with the open ocean only take place through the North Sea. The Baltic Sea is divided into different deep basins connected by narrow sills and channels. Compared to the open ocean and the North Sea the salinity in the Baltic Sea is generally low due to large amounts of fresh water provided by river discharges. Inflowing saline water from the North Sea travels along the bottom and therefore produces a permanent halocline, separating the surface water from the deep water in the basins. Saline and also often oxygen-rich inflows are essential for the deep water renewal in the largest basin of the Baltic Sea, the Eastern Gotland Basin (EGB). These inflows occur only under certain meteorological conditions and thus so-called stagnation periods (periods without inflows) can occur for several years, oxygen depletion can lead to the formation of hydrogen sulfide in the Baltic deep water.

Description / Table of Contents: A regional 3-dimensional ecosystem model is presented designed to simulate the nutrient and oxygen dynamics in the Benguela upwelling system. Strong upwelling driven by the southern trade winds supply cold, nutrient rich water. This supports a high primary production and results in a large flux of sinking detritus. Hence, a thick organic-rich mud belt is characteristic for the Namibian continental shelf. Both biological and hydrodynamic processes contribute to the very specific geochemistry on the Namibian shelf. Notably high rates of sulfate reduction in the sediment generate high concentrations of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in the surface sediment layers and may be released intermittently to the water column. Large chemoautotrophic sulfur bacteria thrive on hydrogen sulfide and form conspicuous mats on the sediment. Denitrification and nitrification are important components of the nitrogen cycle and anaerobic ammonium oxidation is known to play a significant role as a nitrogen sink in the Benguela upwelling system. Organisms at higher trophic levels like zooplankton play an important role for mineralisation but also for the vertical and lateral transport of organic matter. The physical model component is MOM-4 (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, GFDL). The ecosystem model is a NPZDmodel (Nutrients-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton-Detritus) and is an extension of the ecosystem model ERGOM (Fennel & Neumann, 2004). Three phytoplankton and three zooplankton functional types are distinguished. All ecologically relevant processes mediated by prokaryotes in this ecosystem are implemented and the environmental conditions (e.g. oxygen concentration, temperature etc.) define the metabolic rates. The regional ecosystem model is tailored to the specific oxygen and sulfur dynamics on the shelf and simulates both processes in the water column and in the sediment. This model has been developed within the GENUS-project (Geochemistry and Ecology of the Namibian Upwelling System) funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, reference number 03F0497A). It is an endorsed project of the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research (IMBER). | Es wurde ein regionales 3-dimensionales Ökosystemmodell entwickelt, dass die Nährstoff- und Sauerstoffdynamiken im Benguela Auftriebsgebiet simuliert. Angetrieben durch den Südost- Passat wird kaltes, nährstoffreiches Wasser in die Deckschicht aufgetrieben. Das wiederum ist die Grundlage einer hohen Primärproduktion und totes organisches Material sinkt in hohen Raten in die Bodenschicht ab. Ein biomassereicher Schlammgürtel kennzeichnet die Schelfregion vor Namibia. Sowohl biologische als auch hydrodynamische Prozesse bewirken die sehr spezifischen geochmischen Sedimenteigenschaften auf dem Namibischen Schelf. Insbesondere hohe Sulfatreduktionsraten in den Sedimenten produzieren hohe Schwefelwasserstoffkonzentrationen in den oberen Sedimentschichten und Schwefelwasserstoff kann auch sporadisch in die Wassersäule austreten. Große chemoautotrophe Schwefelbakterien leben von der Oxidation des Schwefelwasserstoffs und bilden auffällige Bakterienmatten auf der Sedimentoberfläche. Denitrifizierung und Nitrifizierung sind wichtige Komponenten des Stickstoffzyklus und Anaerobe Ammoniumoxidation ist eine signifikante Stickstoffsenke im Benguela Auftriebsgebiet. Organismen auf höheren trophischen Ebenen wie das Zooplankton spielen sowohl eine wichtige Rolle in der Mineralisierung als auch im vertikalen und lateralen Transport von organischem Material. Die physikalische Modellkomponente ist MOM-4 (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, GFDL). Das Ökosystemmodell ist ein NPZD-Modell (Nährstoffe-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton-Detritus) und ist eine Weiterentwicklung des Ökosystemmodells ERGOM (Fennel & Neumann, 2004). Je drei funktionelle Gruppen werden für das Phytoplankton und das Zooplankton unterschieden. Alle ökologisch relevanten mikrobiellen Prozesse im Ökosystem sind implementiert und die Umweltbedingungen (z.B. Sauerstoffkonzentration, Temperatur) bestimmen die Umsatzraten. Das regionale Ökosystemmodell ist auf die speziellen Sauerstoff- und Schwefeldynamiken auf dem Schelf zugeschnitten und simuliert sowohl die Prozesse in der Wassersäule als auch im Sediment. Das Modell wurde im Rahmen des Projektes GENUS (Geochemistry and Ecology of the Namibian Upwelling System) entwickelt und ist finanziert vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF, Förderkennzeichen 03F0497A). Das Projekt ist Teil des internationalen Forschungsverbundes IMBER (Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research).

Description / Table of Contents: Writing about climate change often falls into one of two opposite traps - predicting either calamity or apathy - both of which this book avoids. This is not a story of gloom and doom, of inevitable climate catastrophe. On the contrary, this book spells out, in more detail than usual, what can and should be done to avert the real risks of disaster. Nor is it one of complacent congratulation for "win-win" initiatives, cautiously incremental steps, and "green" consumer choices. Climate Protection and Development summons us to an endeavour worthy of the resources and ingenuity of the twenty-first century - towards bold initiatives with big costs, and much bigger benefits. This book explores the interconnected issues of climate and development, laying the groundwork for just such a new deal. It presents a challenging agenda, and highlights the needs and perspectives of developing countries which may be unfamiliar or uncomfortable to readers in high-income countries. The unfortunate truth is that any large country, or group of mid-sized countries, can veto any global climate solution by refusing to participate, so a solution will only work if it works for everyone.

Description / Table of Contents: The study of earthquakes combines science, technology and expertise in infrastructure and engineering in an effort to minimize human and material losses when their occurrence is inevitable. This book is devoted to various aspects of earthquake research and analysis, from theoretical advances to practical applications. Different sections are dedicated to ground motion studies and seismic site characterization, with regard to mitigation of the risk from earthquake and ensuring the safety of the buildings under earthquake loading. The ultimate goal of the book is to encourage discussions and future research to improve hazard assessments, dissemination of earthquake engineering data and, ultimately, the seismic provisions of building codes.

Description / Table of Contents: Recent major earthquakes around the world have shown the vulnerability of infrastructure and the need for research to better understand the nature of seismic events and their effects on structures. As a result, earthquake engineering research has been expanding as more and more data become available from a large array of seismic instruments, large scale experiments and numerical simulations. The first part of this book presents results from some of the current seismic research work including three-dimensional wave propagation in different soil media, seismic loss assessment, probabilistic hazard analysis, geotechnical problems including soil-structure interaction. The second part of the book focuses on the seismic behavior of structures including historical and monumental structures, bridge embankments, and different types of bridges and bearings.

Description / Table of Contents: The book on emerging informatics brings together the new concepts and applications that will help define and outline problem solving methods and features in designing business and human systems. It covers international aspects of information systems design in which many relevant technologies are introduced for the welfare of human and business systems. This initiative can be viewed as an emergent area of informatics that helps better conceptualise and design new world-class solutions. The book provides four flexible sections that accommodate total of fourteen chapters. The section specifies learning contexts in emerging fields. Each chapter presents a clear basis through the problem conception and its applicable technological solutions. I hope this will help further exploration of knowledge in the informatics discipline.

Description / Table of Contents: Photogrammetry is widely accepted as one of the best surveying methods to acquire tridimensional data without direct contact with the object, but its high operational costs in equipment and personnel somewhat limit its application in mapping. However, with the development of digital photogrammetry in the 1990's, it was possible to introduce automated processes and reduce the personnel costs. In the following years, the cost of computer hardware, digital cameras and positioning sensors has been lowering, making photogrammetry more accessible to other engineering fields, such as architecture, archeology and health fields. This book shows the results of the work of researchers from different professional backgrounds, which evaluate the uses of photogrammetry, including issues of the data, processing, as well as the solutions developed for some surveying types that can be extended to many applications.

Description / Table of Contents: The use of the wavelet transform to analyze the behaviour of the complex systems from various fields started to be widely recognized and applied successfully during the last few decades. In this book some advances in wavelet theory and their applications in engineering, physics and technology are presented. The applications were carefully selected and grouped in five main sections - Signal Processing, Electrical Systems, Fault Diagnosis and Monitoring, Image Processing and Applications in Engineering. One of the key features of this book is that the wavelet concepts have been described from a point of view that is familiar to researchers from various branches of science and engineering. The content of the book is accessible to a large number of readers.

Description / Table of Contents: The current book is a combination of number of great ideas, applications, case studies, and practical systems in the domain of Semantics. The book has been divided into two volumes. The current one is the second volume which highlights the state-of-the-art application areas in the domain of Semantics. This volume has been divided into four sections and ten chapters. The sections include: 1) Software Engineering, 2) Applications: Semantic Cache, E-Health, Sport Video Browsing, and Power Grids, 3) Visualization, and 4) Natural Language Disambiguation. Authors across the World have contributed to debate on state-of-the-art systems, theories, models, applications areas, case studies in the domain of Semantics. Furthermore, authors have proposed new approaches to solve real life problems ranging from e-Health to power grids, video browsing to program semantics, semantic cache systems to natural language disambiguation, and public debate to software engineering.

Description / Table of Contents: Advances in carbonate exploration and reservoir analysis / J. Garland, J. Neilson, S. E. Laubach and K. J. Whidden / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 370, 1-15, 30 October 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP370.15 --- Carbonate rocks and petroleum reservoirs: a geological perspective from the industry / Trevor P. Burchette / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 370, 17-37, 19 October 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP370.14 --- Lacustrine carbonates in rift settings: the interaction of volcanic and microbial processes on carbonate deposition / V. Paul Wright / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 370, 39-47, 26 June 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP370.2 --- The Grosmont: the world's largest unconventional oil reservoir hosted in carbonate rocks / Hans G. Machel, Mary Luz Borrero, Eugene Dembicki, Harald Huebscher, Luo Ping and Yi Zhao / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 370, 49-81, 21 September 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP370.11 --- Reservoir characteristics of fault-controlled hydrothermal dolomite bodies: Ramales Platform case study / J. Dewit, M. Huysmans, Ph. Muchez, D. W. Hunt, J. B. Thurmond, J. Verges, E. Saura, N. Fernandez, I. Romaire, P. Esestime and R. Swennen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 370, 83-109, 26 June 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP370.1 --- Reservoir properties and petrophysical modelling of carbonate sand bodies: outcrop analogue study in an epicontinental basin (Triassic, Germany) / Denis Palermo, Thomas Aigner, Bjoern Seyfang and Sergio Nardon / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 370, 111-138, 26 June 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP370.6 --- Reservoir characterization of an intra-orogenic Carbonates platform: Pila Spi Formation, Taq Taq oil field, Kurdistan, Iraq / Basim Al-Qayim and Divan Othman / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 370, 139-168, 26 June 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP370.7 --- Mechanical stratigraphy and (palaeo-) karstification of the Murge area (Apulia, southern Italy) / Carl Jacquemyn, Rudy Swennen and Paola Ronchi / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 370, 169-186, 26 June 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP370.4 --- Effects of diagenesis (cement precipitation) during fracture opening on fracture aperture-size scaling in carbonate rocks / J. N. Hooker, L. A. Gomez, S. E. Laubach, J. F. W. Gale and R. Marrett / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 370, 187-206, 26 June 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP370.9 --- Interplay between fracturing and hydrothermal fluid flow in the Asón Valley hydrothermal dolomites (Basque–Cantabrian Basin, Spain) / E. Iriarte, M. A. López-Horgue, S. Schroeder and B. Caline / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 370, 207-227, 5 September 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP370.10 --- Geomodelling of carbonate mounds using two-point and multipoint statistics / Xavier Janson and Darrin D. Madriz / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 370, 229-246, 26 June 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP370.5 --- Characterization of karstic networks by automatic extraction of geometrical and topological parameters: comparison between observations and stochastic simulations / A. Fournillon, S. Abelard, S. Viseur, B. Arfib and J. Borgomano / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 370, 247-264, 26 June 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP370.8 --- Relevance of the stochastic stratigraphic well correlation approach for the study of complex carbonate settings: application to the Malampaya buildup (Offshore Palawan, Philippines) / Florent Lallier, Guillaume Caumon, Jean Borgomano, Sophie Viseur, Francois Fournier, Christophe Antoine and Théophile Gentilhomme / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 370, 265-275, 5 September 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP370.12 --- A new workflow for carbonate reservoir modelling based on MPS: shoal bodies in outcrop analogues (Triassic, SW Germany) / Andre Jung, Thomas Aigner, Denis Palermo, Sergio Nardon and Marco Pontiggia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 370, 277-293, 17 September 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP370.13 --- An algorithm for 3D simulation of branchwork karst networks using Horton parameters and A★ Application to a synthetic case / Pauline Collon-Drouaillet, Vincent Henrion and Jeanne Pellerin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 370, 295-306, 26 June 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP370.3

Description / Table of Contents: Modern knowledge discovery methods enable users to discover complex patterns of various types in large information repositories. However, the underlying assumption has always been that the data to which the methods are applied originates from one domain.   The focus of this book, and the BISON project from which the contributions originate, is a network-based integration of various types of data repositories and the development of new ways to analyse and explore the resulting gigantic information networks. Instead of seeking well-defined global or local patterns, the aim was to find domain-bridging associations. These are particularly interesting if they are sparse and have not been encountered before.   The 32 contributions presented in this state-of-the-art survey, together with a detailed introduction to the book, are organized in topical sections on bisociation; representation and network creation; network analysis; exploration; and applications and evaluation.  

Description / Table of Contents: This book constitutes a collaborative and selected documentation of the scientific outcome of the European COST Action IS0605 Econ@Tel "A Telecommunications Economics COST Network" which run from October 2007 to October 2011. Involving experts from around 20 European countries, the goal of Econ@Tel was to develop a strategic research and training network among key people and organizations in order to enhance Europe's competence in the field of telecommunications economics.   Reflecting the organization of the COST Action IS0605 Econ@Tel in working groups the following four major research areas are addressed:   - evolution and regulation of communication ecosystems; - social and policy implications of communication technologies; - economics and governance of future networks; - future networks management architectures and mechanisms

Description / Table of Contents: Thinking of Business Processes Systematically --- From Language Acquisition to Subject-oriented Modeling --- The Integrated S-BPM Process Model --- Subject-oriented Process Analysis --- Modeling Processes in a Subject-Oriented Way --- Subject-Oriented Modeling by Construction and Restriction --- Subject-oriented Validation of Processes and Process Models --- Subject-oriented Optimization of Processes --- Organization-specific Implementation of Subject-oriented Processes --- IT-Implementation of Subject-Oriented Business Processes --- Subject-oriented Monitoring of Processes --- A Precise Description of the S-BPM Modeling Method --- Tools for S-BPM --- S-BPM Method by Comparison --- Conclusion --- A Subject-Oriented Interpreter Model for S-BPM

Description / Table of Contents: This book, the third in the InTech Tsunami series, has been published in order to deepen efforts towards the understanding of tsunami dynamics that seems to be never enough. As the previous books in this series, "The Tsunami Threat - Research and Technology" (January 2011) and "Tsunami - A Growing Disaster" (December 2011), this multi-disciplinary volume compiles a collection of scientific papers showing the state-of-the-art of tsunami research at different levels. The various contributions cover an array of themes that span from geological evidence to post-trauma human care, encompassing pre-tsunami analyses and modeling to post-tsunami management and preparedness techniques. As its counterparts, "Tsunami - Analysis of a Hazard: from physical interpretation to human impact" continues to present evidence and case studies from different regions of the World: from the isolated Hawaiian Islands and Northern Indian Ocean, to the edges of the Atlantic and Eastern Mediterranean.

Description / Table of Contents: It is our hope that this collection will give readers a sense of the type of metaphysical investigations that are now being carried out by thinkers in the Western nations. We also hope that the reader's curiosity will be peaked so that further inquiry will follow.

Description / Table of Contents: The year 2011 was the fourth year of a complex biological monitoring in the German exclusive economical zone of the North Sea, conducted by the Leibniz Institute of Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) and commissioned and supported by the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH). Phytoplankton (incl. chlorophyll a) and mesozooplankton were investigated at 12 stations, macrozoobenthos at 13 stations. The plankton was sampled on 5 cruises and the zoobenthos on 2 cruises. The phytoplankton comprised 140 taxa, most of them belonging to the diatoms. The lowest diversity was found in March (60 taxa) and the highest in August/September (95 taxa). The diversity was unusually high (63 taxa) in January 2011. We found 193 phytoplankton taxa in the whole investigation period from 2008 to 2011. The recorded species Cyclotella choctawhatcheeana was probably not reported before in the investigation area. Some hitherto relatively abundant species were not found in 2011, as Thalassiosira pacifica, Proboscia indica, Planktolyngbya limnetica, Coscinodiscus granii and Prorocentrum minimum. The spring bloom 2011 was met only at station DTEND. This became visible from the annual course of chlorophyll concentrations, which were derived from satellite data. The chlorophyll maximum was recorded in August at station ES1 with 7.77 mg/m3. Mesozooplankton analysis led to 139 taxa in 2011 with Arthropoda being the most common group. In January, the calanoids dominated, followed by the cyclopoids. In the summer, the total number of taxa grew in all regions compared to the January situation. The abundance of the "warm water" – cladoceran Penilia avirostris is temperature-dependent and declined currently. The abundance of turbellarian Alaurina composita was also declining. Three specimens of Pseudodiaptomus marinus were collected in November 2011 off Borkum, introduced by ballast water from the Indo-Pacific region. In the macrozoobenthos, 291 taxa were found in spring and autumn 2011 at 13 stations. The species number varied from 25 (AMRU2-spring) to 113 (ENTE3-autumn) in the samples. With 153 species (both campaigns added) the station in the central North Sea (ENTE3) was most diverse. The species richness was always higher in autumn than in spring. The ash free dry weight at stations ranged from 1.3 g/m² in spring to 111.5 g/m² in autumn, both values from station ENTE3. The very high value was cause by the occurrence of adults of the ocean quahog Arctica islandica. Two distinct groups of stations could be distinguished by cluster analysis based on different water depths, sediment characteristics and macrozoobenthic assemblages. 52 species from the Red List could be observed during this study, with Halcampa duodecimcirrata belonging to the category 1 (critically endangered) and two species belonging to the category 2 (endangered). | Das Jahr 2011 war das vierte Jahr, in dem das biologische Monitoring im deutschen offshore- Bereich (meistens AWZ) der Nordsee durch das IOW im Auftrage des BSH durchgeführt wurde. Es wurde das Phytoplankton (einschl. Chlorophyll a) und Mesozooplankton an 12 Stationen und das Makrozoobenthos an 13 Stationen untersucht. Das Plankton wurde auf 5 Fahrten, das Benthos lediglich auf der Frühjahrs- und Herbstfahrt beprobt. Im Phytoplankton wurden 140 Taxa gefunden, von denen die meisten zu den Kieselalgen gehörten. Bereits im Januar 2011 lag mit 63 Arten eine für den Winter ungewöhnlich hohe Diversität vor. Im gesamten Untersuchungszeitraum von 2008 bis 2011 fanden wir 193 Phytoplankton-Taxa. Die von uns nachgewiesene Art Cyclotella choctawhatcheeana wurde wahrscheinlich bisher für das Untersuchungsgebiet noch nicht berichtet. Einige zuvor recht abundante Arten wie Thalassiosira pacifica, Proboscia indica, Planktolyngbya limnetica, Coscinodiscus granii und Prorocentrum minimum wurde im Jahre 2011 nicht gefunden. Im Jahre 2011 wurde die Frühjahrsblüte mit unserer Probennahme nur an Station DTEND erfasst. Das wurde aus den Jahresgängen der Chlorophyll-Konzentration erkannt, die aus Satellitendaten abgeleitet wurden. Das Chlorophyll-Maximum registrierten wir in unseren Meßdaten erst im August an Station ES1 mit 7,77 mg/m3. Im Zooplankton wurden 139 Taxa im Jahre 2011 registriert, wobei die Arthropoden die häufigste Gruppe darstellten. Im Januar dominierten die calanoiden Copepoden, gefolgt von den Cyclopoiden. Im Sommer wuchs die Gesamtzahl der Taxa in allen Regionen gegenüber der Januar-Situation. Die Abundanz der „Warmwasser“-Cladocerenart Penilia avirostris ist temperaturabhängig und war rückläufig. Die bislang im Gebiet unbekannte Copepodenart Pseudodiaptumus marinus wurde mit drei Exemplaren in der Novemberprobe vor Borkum registriert; sie wurde mit Ballastwasser aus dem Indo-Pazifischen Raum eingetragen. Im Makrozoobenthos konnten im Frühjahr und im Herbst 2011 an 13 Stationen insgesamt 291 Taxa festgestellt werden. Die Artenzahlen schwankten zwischen den Stationen und Beprobungsterminen zwischen 25 (AMRU2-Frühjahr) und 113 (ENTE3-Herbst). Wenn beide Beprobungstermine zusammengefasst wurden, war die Station in der zentralen Nordsee (ENTE3) mit 153 Arten die artenreichste. Im Herbst waren Artenzahl und Besiedlungsdichten höher als im Frühjahr. Die aschefreie Trockenmasse an den Stationen reichte von 1.3 g/m² im Frühjahr bis 111,5 g/m² im Herbst, beises an Station ENTE3, wobei dieser hohe Wert durch das Vorkommen adulter Islandmuscheln (Arctica islandica) bedingt war. Mit Hilfe der Clusteranalyse konnten zwei Gruppen von Stationen unterschieden werden, die sich maßgeblich auf Grund der unterschiedlichen Wassertiefe und Sedimentbeschaffenheit und der einhergehenden unterschiedlichen benthischen Besiedlung voneinander trennten. 52 Arten aus der Roten Liste wurden gefunden. Davon gehörten Halcampa duodecimcirrata der Kategorie 1 (vom Aussterben bedroht), und zwei weitere Arten der Kategorie 2 (stark gefährdet) an.

Description / Table of Contents: In der Hungerforschung zeichnet sich ein neues Forschungsnarrativ ab, das naturale Umwelt und menschliches Handeln als eng miteinander verflochten versteht. Das Konzept der „Vulnerabilität“ menschlicher Gesellschaften spielt in diesem Zusammenhang eine zentrale Rolle. Dieser Zugang sucht die postkoloniale Frontstellung von klima- und sozialdeterministischen Hungermodellen zugunsten einer integrativen Perspektive auf das Zusammenspiel von Mensch und Natur zu überwinden. Die Praktiken der Akteure, ihr „Handeln in Hungerkrisen“, stehen dabei im Zentrum. Ziel des Bandes ist es, den Vulnerabilitätsansatz als mögliches „Brückenkonzept“ der multidisziplinär organisierten Hungerforschung vorzustellen. Das Buch vereint zu diesem Zweck Autorinnen und Autoren aus den Bereichen der Anthropologie, der Soziologie, der Geographie, der Geschichtswissenschaft und der Entwicklungsforschung. Die Beiträge analysieren aus historisierender, umweltgeschichtlicher Perspektive, wie das konstitutive Wechselspiel klimatischer und kultureller Faktoren den Betroffenen Handlungsspielräume eröffnet. Damit ermöglicht der Band nicht nur einen neuen Blick auf ein Feld, das mit dem globalen Klimawandel wieder zu einem Gegenwartsproblem geworden ist. Er weist auch darüber hinaus und illustriert die vielfältigen Formen der „Sozialisierung“ klimatischer Impulse.

Description / Table of Contents: This book deals with earthquake-resistant structures, such as, buildings, bridges and liquid storage tanks. It contains twenty chapters covering several interesting research topics written by researchers and experts in the field of earthquake engineering. The book covers seismic-resistance design of masonry and reinforced concrete structures to be constructed as well as safety assessment, strengthening and rehabilitation of existing structures against earthquake loads. It also includes three chapters on electromagnetic sensing techniques for health assessment of structures, post earthquake assessment of steel buildings in fire environment and response of underground pipes to blast loads. The book provides the state-of-the-art on recent progress in earthquake-resistant structures. It should be useful to graduate students, researchers and practicing structural engineers.

Description / Table of Contents: Noise has various effects on comfort, performance, and human health. For this reason, noise control plays an increasingly central role in the development of modern industrial and engineering applications. Nowadays, the noise control problem excites and attracts the attention of a great number of scientists in different disciplines. Indeed, noise control has a wide variety of applications in manufacturing, industrial operations, and consumer products. The main purpose of this book, organized in 13 chapters, is to present a comprehensive overview of recent advances in noise control and its applications in different research fields. The authors provide a range of practical applications of current and past noise control strategies in different real engineering problems. It is well addressed to researchers and engineers who have specific knowledge in acoustic problems. I would like to thank all the authors who accepted my invitation and agreed to share their work and experiences.

Description / Table of Contents: The chapters covered in this book include emerging new techniques on sintering. Major experts in this field contributed to this book and presented their research. Topics covered in this publication include Spark plasma sintering, Magnetic Pulsed compaction, Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic technology for the preparation of 3-dimesinal circuits, Microwave sintering of thermistor ceramics, Synthesis of Bio-compatible ceramics, Sintering of Rare Earth Doped Bismuth Titanate Ceramics prepared by Soft Combustion, nanostructured ceramics, alternative solid-state reaction routes yielding densified bulk ceramics and nanopowders, Sintering of intermetallic superconductors such as MgB2, impurity doping in luminescence phosphors synthesized using soft techniques, etc. Other advanced sintering techniques such as radiation thermal sintering for the manufacture of thin film solid oxide fuel cells are also described.

Description / Table of Contents: This roadmap explores the potential improvement of existing technologies to enhance the average fuel economy of motorised vehicles; the roadmap’s vision is to achieve a 30% to 50% reduction in fuel use per kilometre from new road vehicles including 2-wheelers, LDV s and HDV s) around the world in 2030, and from the stock of all vehicles on the road by 2050. This achievement would contribute to significant reductions in GHG emissions and oil use, compared to a baseline projection. Different motorised modes are treated separately, with a focus on LDV s, HDV s and powered two-wheelers. A section on in-use fuel economy also addresses technical and nontechnical parameters that could allow fuel economy to drastically improve over the next decades. Technology cost analysis and payback time show that significant progress can be made with low or negative cost for fuel-efficient vehicles over their lifetime use. Even though the latest data analysed by the IEA for fuel economy between 2005 and 2008 showed that a gap exists in achieving the roadmap’s vision, cutting the average fuel economy of road motorised vehicles by 30% to 50% by 2030 is achievable, and the policies and technologies that could help meet this challenge are already deployed in many places around the world. This report has been released in tandem with another report the Policy Pathways: Improving the Fuel Economy of Road Vehicles - A policy package, which describes the policies needed to deploy more fuel economic vehicles in more detail.

Description / Table of Contents: The transportation sector accounts for approximately one-fifth of global final energy consumption and will account for nearly all future growth in oil use, particularly for road vehicles. The right policy mix can allow countries to improve the fuel economy of road vehicles, which in turn can enhance energy security and reduce CO2 emissions. Improving the Fuel Economy of Road Vehicles highlights lessons learned and examples of good practices from countries with experience in implementing fuel economy policies for vehicles. The report, part of the IEA’s Policy Pathway series, outlines key steps in planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. It complements the IEA Technology Roadmap: Fuel Economy for Road Vehicles, which outlines technical options, potentials, and costs towards improvement in the near, medium and long term. The Policy Pathway series aims to help policy makers implement the IEA 25 Energy Efficiency Policy Recommendations endorsed by IEA Ministers (2011).

Description / Table of Contents: Supply shortfalls – from the Libyan civil war in 2011 and international sanctions on Iran in 2012 to a swathe of unplanned non-OPEC output stoppages – have buffeted the oil market, sending prices near 2008 highs and rekindling debate on the role of speculation in fuelling volatility. There have also been success stories. Growth in North American light, tight oil and non-conventional supply has reached game-changing levels. Iraqi production has scaled new heights, the Libyan production recovery in 2012 defied expectations and Saudi output surged to 30-year highs. On the demand front, the economic recovery has lost momentum. Market share continues to shift from mature to newly industrialised economies, but amid persistent concerns about the health of the former; China, the leading engine of oil demand growth of the last 15 years, is giving signs of slowdown. Those developments have challenged earlier assumptions and significantly changed the oil market outlook for the next five years. The IEA Medium-Term Oil Market Report (MTOMR) – companion to the monthly OMR – draws their implications for the future. It provides detailed projections for oil supply at field level, crude quality trends, demand by product, refined product output and oil investments through 2017. It examines oil price formation, regulatory changes, OPEC dynamics and the future of spare capacity – while also reviewing the contribution of new supplies from deepwater, light tight oil, biofuel and natural gas liquids. It explores how market changes are reshaping the refining industry – and what that means for trade flows. At a time of heightened economic and geopolitical risk, MTOMR is essential reading for anyone interested in oil market dynamics and in understanding the oil market context in which these risks are playing out.

Description / Table of Contents: The Technology Roadmap Bioenergy for Heat and Power highlights the importance of bioenergy in providing heat in the buildings sector and in industry, and shows what contribution it could make to meeting steadlily growing world electricity demand. The critical role of sustainability as well as the importance of international trade in meeting the projected demand for bioenergy, are highlighted in the roadmap, as well as the need for large-scale biomass plants in providing The roadmap identifies key actions by different stakeholders in the bioenergy sector, and sets out milestones for technology development in order to achieve a doubling of global bioenergy supply by 2050. It addresses the need for further R&D efforts, highlights measures to ensure sustainability of biomass production, and underlines the need for international collaboration to enhance the production and use of sustainable, modern bioenergy in different world regions.

Description / Table of Contents: Hydropower could double its contribution by 2050, reaching 2,000 GW of global capacity and over 7,000 TWh. This achievement, driven primarily by the quest of clean electricity, could prevent annual emissions of up to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 from fossil-fuel plants. The bulk of this growth would come from large plants in emerging economies and developing countries. Hydroelectricity’s many advantages include reliability, proven technology, large storage capacity, and very low operating and maintenance costs. Hydropower is highly flexible, a precious asset for electricity network operators, especially given rapid expansion of variable generation from other renewable energy technologies such as wind power and photovoltaics. Many hydropower plants also provide flood control, irrigation, navigation and freshwater supply. The technology roadmap for Hydropower details action needed from policy makers to allow hydroelectric production to double, and addresses necessary conditions, including resolving environmental issues and gaining public acceptance.

Description / Table of Contents: The solar heating and cooling (SHC) roadmap outlines a pathway for solar energy to supply almost one sixth (16.5 EJ) of the world’s total energy use for both heating and cooling by 2050. This would save some 800 megatonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per year; more than the total CO2 emissions in Germany in 2009. While solar heating and cooling today makes a modest contribution to world energy demand, the roadmap envisages that if concerted action is taken by governments and industry, solar energy could annually produce more than 16% of total final energy use for low temperature heat and nearly 17% for cooling. Given that global energy demand for heat represents almost half of the world’s final energy use – more than the combined global demand for electricity and transport – solar heat can make a significant contribution in both tackling climate change and strengthening energy security.

Description / Table of Contents: This book contains a wealth of useful information on current rheology research. By covering a broad variety of rheology-related topics, this e-book is addressed to a wide spectrum of academic and applied researchers and scientists but it could also prove useful to industry specialists. The subject areas include, polymer gels, food rheology, drilling fluids and liquid crystals among others.

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides a broad range of topics on fluid dynamics for advanced scientists and professional researchers. The text helps readers develop their own skills to analyze fluid dynamics phenomena encountered in professional engineering by reviewing diverse informative chapters herein.

Description / Table of Contents: Chemical engineering applications have been a source of challenging optimization problems in terms of economics and technology. The goal of this book is to enable the reader to get instant information on fundamentals and advancements in chemical engineering. This book addresses ongoing evolutions of chemical engineering and provides overview to the sate of the art advancements. Molecular perspective is increasingly important in the refinement of kinetic and thermodynamic molding. As a result, much of the material was revised on industrial problems and their sophisticated solutions from known scientists around the world. These issues were divided in to two sections, fundamental advances and catalysis and reaction engineering. A distinct feature of this text continues to be the emphasis on molecular chemistry, reaction engineering and modeling to achieve rational and robust industrial design. Our perspective is that this background must be made available to undergraduate, graduate and professionals in an integrated manner.

Description / Table of Contents: This text covers ceramic materials from the fundamentals to industrial applications. This includes their impact on the modern technologies, including nano-ceramic, ceramic matrix composites, nanostructured ceramic membranes, porous ceramics, and the sintering theory model of modern ceramics.

Description / Table of Contents: This book attempts to cover various issues of water quality in the fields of Hydroecology and Hydrobiology and present various Water Treatment Technologies. Sustainable choices of water use that prevent water quality problems aiming at the protection of available water resources and the enhancement of the aquatic ecosystems should be our main target.

Description / Table of Contents: The advent of X-ray diffraction in the early twentieth century transformed crystallography from an area of scientific inquiry largely limited to physics, mineralogy, and mathematics, to a highly interdisciplinary field which now includes nearly all life and physical sciences as well as materials science and engineering. This book is a collection of works showcasing some of the most recent developments in the field of crystallography.

Description / Table of Contents: The aim of this book is to present recent and innovative advances on research studies and engineering applications in important areas of vibration engineering and structural dynamics. The fourteen chapters of the book cover a wide range of interesting issues related to modelling, rotordynamics, vibration control, estimation and identification, modal analysis, dynamic structures, finite element analysis, numerical methods and other practical engineering applications and theoretical developments on this very broad matter. The audience of the book includes researchers, professors, engineers, practitioners, engineering students and new comers in a variety of disciplines seeking to know more about the state of the art, challenging open problems and innovative solution proposals in vibration engineering and structural dynamics.

Description / Table of Contents: Cities are growing as never before and nowadays, it is estimated that at least 50% of the world's population lives in urban areas. This trend is expected to continue and simultaneously the problems in urban areas are anticipated to have an increase. Urbanization constitutes a complex process involving problems with social, economic, environmental and spatial dimensions that need appropriate solutions. This book highlights some of these problems and discusses possible solutions in terms of organisation, planning and management. The purpose of the book is to present selected chapters, of great importance for understanding the urban development issues, written by renowned authors in this scientific field. All the chapters have been thoroughly reviewed and they cover some basic aspects concerning urban sustainability, urban sprawl, urban planning, urban environment, housing and land uses. The editor gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Dr Marius Minea in reviewing two chapters.

Description / Table of Contents: Fish Immunotoxicology: Research at the Crossroads of Immunology, Ecology and Toxicology / H. Segner, A. M. Möller, M. Wenger and A. Casanova-Nakayama / pp. 1-12 --- Homology Modeling of the Mysid Ecdysone Receptor and Docking Simulation with Ecdysteroids / M. Hirano, H. Ishibashi, E.-Y. Kim, K. Arizono and H. Iwata / pp. 13-18 --- Effects of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) on the Peripheral Nervous System in Developing Red Seabream (Pagrus major) Embryos / M. Iida, E.-Y. Kim, Y. Murakami, Y. Shima and H. Iwata / pp. 19-24 --- Evaluation of Quantitative-Extra Long PCR to Assess Levels of DNA Damage in an Estuarine Fish Population / N. K. Roy and I. Wirgin / pp. 25-34 --- The Synthesis and Role of Taurine in the Eel Spermatogenesis / M. Higuchi, F. T. Celino, C. Miura and T. Miura / pp. 35-40 --- Establishment of the Protocol for Developmental Analysis and Observation of Embryogenesis and Axonogenesis in a Freshwater Goby, Rhinogobius flumineus / M. Kawaguchi, J. Shibata, R. Kawanishi, A. Sogabe, T. Kawanaka, K. Matsumoto, K. Omori and Y. Murakami / pp. 41-48 --- Transgenic Medaka, Small Fresh Water Teleost (Oryzias latipes), is Now Available for Environmental Science / M. Kinoshita / pp. 49-54 --- Physiological Effects of 3 Non-PBDE Brominated Flame Retardants on Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) Exposed in Outdoor Mesocosms / B. de Jourdan, K. Oakes, M. Hanson, P. Sibley, M. Servos, D. Muir and K. Solomon / pp. 55-66 --- Use of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Models in Marine Mammal Toxicology / L. Weijs, R. S. H. Yang, K. Das, R. Blust and A. Covaci / pp. 67-72 --- Applicability of Human Hair as a Bioindicator for Trace Elements Exposure / T. Noguchi, T. Itai, M. Kawaguchi, S. Takahashi and S. Tanabe / pp. 73-77 --- Application of Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis as an Ecotoxicological Tool to Investigate the Effects of aqu-Fullerene on a Bacterial Community / R. A. Kanaly, A. H. Maeda, M. Kunihiro and N. Hamamura / pp. 79-88 --- Iodide Oxidizing Activity of Bacteria from Subsurface Sediments of the Savannah River Site, SC, U.S.A. / H.-P. Li, R. Brinkmeyer, W. L. Jones, S. Zhang, C. Xu, Y.-F. Ho, K. A. Schwehr, D. I. Kaplan, P. H. Santschi and C. M. Yeager / pp. 89-97 --- Identification of Bacterial Community and Arsenate-Reducing Bacteria Associated with a Soda Lake in Khovsgol, Mongolia / N. Hamamura, Y. Liu and W. P. Inskeep / pp. 99-107 --- Arsenic Contamination of Paddy Fields through Groundwater Irrigation in Bangladesh: Risks for Rice Production and Mitigation Perspectives / L. C. Roberts, S. J. Hug, J. Dittmar, A. Voegelin, R. Kretzschmar, B. Wehrli, G. C. Saha, M. A. Ali and A. B. M. Badruzzaman / pp. 109-115 --- Arsenic Release and Transport in Sediments of the Mekong Delta / B. D. Kocar and S. Fendorf / pp. 117-124 --- Exposure, Metabolism, and Effects of Arsenic in Residents from Arsenic-contaminated Groundwater Areas of Southeast Asia / T. Agusa, T. Kunito, R. Kubota, S. Tanabe and H. Iwata / pp. 125-132 --- Mobilization of Manganese and Arsenic under Hypoxia in the Bottom of Lake Biwa / Y. Hyobu, T. Itai, D. Hayase, M. Kumagai and S. Tanabe / pp. 133-140 --- Spatial Profile of Trace Elements in Marine Sediments from Jakarta Bay, Indonesia / A. S. Riyadi, T. Itai, T. Isobe, M. Ilyas, A. Sudaryanto, I. E. Setiawan, S. Takahashi and S. Tanabe / pp. 141-150 --- A Comparative Study on Temporal Trends of Trace Elements in Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) from Coastal Waters of North Japan / Y. Yasuda, S. Hirata, T. Itai, T. Isobe, T. Matsuishi, T. K. Yamada, Y. Tajima, S. Takahashi and S. Tanabe / pp. 151-159 --- Trace Element Contamination around the E-waste Recycling Site at Agbogbloshie, Accra City, Ghana / M. Otsuka, T. Itai, K. A. Asante, M. Muto and S. Tanabe / pp. 161-167 --- Bioaccumulation of Trace Elements in Marine Organisms from Deep-Waters of Off-Sanninn and Off-Hokuriku, Japan / H. Adachi, T. Itai, S. Takahashi, T. Kubodera, S. Haruta and S. Tanabe / pp. 169-176 --- Organohalogen Compounds and Their Metabolites in the Blood of Japanese Amberjack and Scalloped Hammerhead Shark from Japanese Coastal Waters / K. Nomiyama, Y. Uchiyama, S. Horiuchi, A. Eguchi, C. Kanbara, S. Horai-Hirata, R. Shinohara and S. Tanabe / pp. 177-185 --- Accumulation of Halogenated Phenolic Compounds in Small Toothed Whales / M. Ochiai, K. Nomiyama, T. Isobe, T. K. Yamada, Y. Tajima, T. Matsuishi, M. Amano and S. Tanabe / pp. 187-192 --- Accumulation Features of Halogenated Phenolic Compounds in the Blood of Pinnipeds from Japanese Coastal Waters / C. Kanbara, K. Nomiyama, H. Mizukawa, A. Eguchi, T. Isobe, T. K. Yamada and S. Tanabe / pp. 193-202 --- Accumulation Features of Organohalogen Metabolites in the Blood of Japanese Terrestrial Mammals / H. Mizukawa, K. Nomiyama, S. Nakatsu, S. Yachimori, T. Hayashi, Y. Tashiro, M. Yamamoto and S. Tanabe / pp. 203-210 --- Contamination Status and Accumulation Features of Organohalogen Compounds in Raccoon Dog and Masked Palm Civet / M. Yamamoto, T. Isobe, T. Hayashi, S. Yachimori, K. Nomiyama and S. Tanabe / pp. 211-219 --- Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Fishes Collected from Tam Giang-Cau Hai Lagoon, Vietnam / P. T. Hien, N. M. Tue, G. Suzuki, S. Takahashi and S. Tanabe / pp. 221-227 --- Contamination of Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Human Hair from E-waste Recycling Site in Vietnam / M. Muto, T. Isobe, K. Ramu, N. M. Tue, P. H. Viet, S. Takahashi and S. Tanabe / pp. 229-237 --- Determination of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds in Aqueous Samples from Northern Vietnam / T. Isobe, J.-W. Kim, N. M. Tue, K. Misaki, S. Takahash, P. H. Viet and S. Tanabe / pp. 239-244 --- Concentrations of Perfluorinated Compounds in Tap Water and Human Serum from Osaka, Japan / S. Takagi, J. Yoshida and F. Adachi / pp. 245-251 --- Hexabromocyclododecane Levels in Foodstuff and Human Breast Milk in Osaka, Japan / K. Kakimoto, K. Akutsu, Y. Konishi, A. Toriba and K. Hayakawa / pp. 253-259 --- Analysis of Benzotriazole UV Stabilizers in House Dust Using an UHPLC-MS/MS / J.-W. Kim, T. Isobe, G. Malarvannan, A. Sudaryanto, K.-H. Chang, M. Prudente and S. Tanabe / pp. 261-267 --- Contamination Status of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Brominated Flame Retardants in Environmental and Biota Samples from India / G. Devanathan, T. Isobe, A. Subramanian, K. A. Asante, S. Natarajan, P. Palaniappan, S. Takahashi and S. Tanabe / pp. 269-277 --- Fireworks Displays and Production as a Perchlorate Emission Source / R. Sugimoto, T. Isobe, K. Ramu, G. Malarvannan, G. Devanthan, A. Subramanian and S. Tanabe / pp. 279-284 --- Atmospheric Deposition of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Dongjiang River Basin of Guangdong Province, South China / Y. Wang, Z. N. Cheng, J. Li, C. L. Luo, X. Liu and G. Zhang / pp. 285-293 --- Changes of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Atmospheric Concentration and Soil Load in the UK and Norway over 10 Years / J. K. Schuster, R. Gioia, C. Moeckel, T. Agarwal, T. D. Bucheli, K. Breivik, E. Steinnes and K. C. Jones / pp. 295-302 --- Inter-Congener Variability in the Global Dynamics of Polychlorinated Biphenyls: A Message from Finely-Advanced Transboundary Environmental Model (FATE) / T. Kawai, N. Suzuki and I. C. Handoh / pp. 303-309 --- Modeling of Suspended Particulate Matter in the East China Sea / J. Ono and X. Guo / pp. 311-319 --- Toxic Metals Derived from Plastic Litter on a Beach / E. Nakashima, A. Isobe, S. Kako, T. Itai and S. Takahashi / pp. 321-328 --- Radon and Radium Isotopes, Groundwater Discharge and Harmful Algal Blooms in Little Lagoon, Alabama / N. Su, W. C. Burnett, K. T. Eller, H. L. MacIntyre, B. Mortazavi, J. D. Liefer and L. Novoveská / pp. 329-337 --- Seasonal Variation of the 222Rn Concentration in the Central Part of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan / M. Saito, S. Onodera, X. Guo, K. Onishi, Y. Shimizu, M. Yoshikawa, G. Jin, M. Tokumasu and H. Takeoka / pp. 339-344 --- Development of an On-site Simplified Determination Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in Marine Sediment Pore Water Using a Shipboard Ion Electrode with Consideration of Hydrogen Sulfide Oxidation Rate / S. Asaoka, T. Yamamoto, Y. Takahashi, H. Yamamoto, K. H. Kim and K. Orimoto / pp. 345-352 --- The Effect of Microphytobenthic Resuspension on Suspended Particulate Matter Dynamics in a Shallow Lagoon in Hokkaido, Japan / N. Suga and S. Montani / pp. 353-365 --- Occurrence of Tetracycline Resistant Bacteria and tet(M) Gene in Seawater from Korean Coast / S.-j. Kim, M. Ogo, M.-J. Oh and S. Suzuki / pp. 367-375 --- Vertical Community Structure of Bacteria and Phytoplankton in Lake Biwa Using Respiratory Quinone and Pigment Analysis / H. Takasu, T. Kunihiro and S. Nakano / pp. 377-385 --- Deterioration of Soft Bottom Macroinfaunal Communities in a Milkfish Mariculture Zone off Bolinao-Anda, Pangasinan (NW Philippines) / H. M. E. Nacorda, J. M. Obliosca, M. C. L. Tentia, G. S. Jacinto and M. L. C. San Diego-McGlone / pp. 387-395 --- Relative Biomass of Bacteria and Microphytobenthos in Surface Sediments of the Seto Inland Sea of Japan / T. Kunihiro, J. Shibata, H. Hamaoka, A. Sogabe, K. Moriya, M. Kuwae, K. Ito, A. Katayama, H. Tsutsumi and K. Omori / pp. 397-406 --- Bacterial Community should be Considered in Ecosystem Model in the Ocean?—Comparison between Community-Based Model, Black Box Model, and Exponential Decay Model / T. Miki / pp. 407-418 --- A Mini-Review of Spatial Segregation of Aquatic Food Webs: Stable Isotope Technique and Human Impact / H. Doi / pp. 419-425 --- Contribution of Pelagic and Benthic Grazing and Detritus Food Chains to the Coastal Ecosystem of the Western Seto Inland Sea: A Stable Isotope and Bayesian Mixing Model Analysis Approach / J. Shibata, K. Matsumoto, H. Hamaoka, A. Sogabe, T. Nanko, T. Kunihiro, H. Onishi and K. Omori / pp. 427-435 --- Contamination Status and Geographical Distribution of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, Hexabromocyclododecanes and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Fish and Shellfish from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan / H. Hamada, T. Isobe, K.-H. Chang, J. Shibata, A. Sogabe, K. Ohmori and S. Tanabe / pp. 437-445 --- Applying Trophic Tracers to Study Contaminant Levels and Trends in Arctic Marine Wildlife and Food Webs: A Review / M. A. McKinney / pp. 447-454 --- Comparison of Marine Food Webs across Environmental Gradients—A Tool for Unraveling Environmental Factors Driving Trophic Structure / T. W. Miller / pp. 455-461 --- Depth Profiles of δ13C and Trace Element Concentrations in Mangrove Ecosystem of Tien Hai Natural Reserve, Vietnam / N. T. Tue, T. D. Quy, H. Hamaoka, L. V. Dung, M. T. Nhuan and K. Omori / pp. 463-470

Description / Table of Contents: Mainstreaming Environmental Finance into Financial Markets - Relevance, Potential and Obstacles --- Mainstreaming Framework Conditions for Environmental Finance - The Role of the Public Sector --- Mainstreaming Environmental Finance Markets (I) - Small-Scale Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Finance --- The Roles of Wheather Insurance and the Carbon Market --- Mainstreaming Impact Over Time - Who Measures What for Whom? --- UNEP Perspectives --- Trading of Emission Certificates for Climate Protection: Using Markets and Private Capital for Development --- Microfinance and Climate Change: Threats and Opportunities --- Environmental Finance Through the Financial Sector - An Approach with Growing Potential - Experiences of KfW Entwicklungsbank

Description / Table of Contents: Dieses umfassende Handbuch bietet Ihnen nahezu vollständiges Linux-Wissen. Es erklärt, wie man Linux als leistungsstarke Workstation nutzen kann und widmet sich ausführlich professionelleren Themen wie Administration des Systems, Shell, Netzwerkkonfiguration und Sicherheit. Das Buch ist geeignet für Nutzer aller gängigen Linux-Distributionen. Die beiliegenden Multiboot-DVDs enthalten eine große Auswahl an Linux-Systemen. Das Buch ist konsequent praxisnah geschrieben, immer verständlich und sehr gründlich in der Behandlung aller Themen. Diese 5. Auflage wurde umfassend aktualisiert und verbessert. Sowohl Einsteiger als auch Profis werden von diesem kompetenten Handbuch profitieren.

Description / Table of Contents: Klaus M. Rodewig und Clemens Wagner geben Ihnen einen Einblick in die Architektur des iPhone und des iPad und eine Anleitung zum Programmieren eigener Applikationen. Dabei werden alle wichtigen Themen in der gebotenen Tiefe mit Hintergrundwissen beschrieben. Praktische Beispiele unterstützen Sie von Anfang an, so dass Sie direkt loslegen können. Erste Ergebnisse können Sie im iPhone Simulator direkt testen. Sie erhalten einen Überblick über die verschiedenen iPhone- und iPod Touch-Modelle, erfahren, wie Sie in der Apple Developer Connection Mitglied werden können und Applikationen für das iPhone im Appstore anbieten können. Natürlich kommt in diesem Buch auch der Hintergrund nicht zu kurz. Eine kurze Einführung in Objective-C und Cocoa vermittelt Ihnen alles, was Sie wissen müssen. Inkl. Schnittstellen zum Datenaustausch, Events, Alerts, Datenverwaltung mit Core Data und die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten der Netzwerkprogrammierung. Profis werden von den Tipps und Tricks zur Konfiguration und Verwendung von Xcode, Debugging und der Arbeit mit einem Versionierungssystem profitieren.

Description / Table of Contents: An Introduction to the Study of Mineralogy is a collection of papers that can be easily understood by a wide variety of readers, whether they wish to use it in their work, or simply to extend their knowledge. It is unique in that it presents a broad view of the mineralogy field. The book is intended for chemists, physicists, engineers, and the students of geology, geophysics, and soil science, but it will also be invaluable to the more advanced students of mineralogy who are looking for a concise revision guide.

Description / Table of Contents: Monitoring of water and land objects enters a revolutionary age with the rise of ubiquitous remote sensing and public access. Earth monitoring satellites permit detailed, descriptive, quantitative, holistic, standardized, global evaluation of the state of the Earth skin in a manner that our actual Earthen civilization has never been able to before. The water monitoring topics covered in this book include the remote sensing of open water bodies, wetlands and small lakes, snow depth and underwater seagrass, along with a variety of remote sensing techniques, platforms, and sensors. The Earth monitoring topics include geomorphology, land cover in arid climate, and disaster assessment after a tsunami. Finally, advanced topics of remote sensing covers atmosphere analysis with GNSS signals, earthquake visual monitoring, and fundamental analyses of laser reflectometry in the atmosphere medium.

Description / Table of Contents: The importance of seismic wave research lies not only in our ability to understand and predict earthquakes and tsunamis, it also reveals information on the Earth's composition and features in much the same way as it led to the discovery of Mohorovicic's discontinuity. As our theoretical understanding of the physics behind seismic waves has grown, physical and numerical modeling have greatly advanced and now augment applied seismology for better prediction and engineering practices. This has led to some novel applications such as using artificially-induced shocks for exploration of the Earth's subsurface and seismic stimulation for increasing the productivity of oil wells. This book demonstrates the latest techniques and advances in seismic wave analysis from theoretical approach, data acquisition and interpretation, to analyses and numerical simulations, as well as research applications. A review process was conducted in cooperation with sincere support by Drs. Hiroshi Takenaka, Yoshio Murai, Jun Matsushima, and Genti Toyokuni.

Description / Table of Contents: This book ranges from the geologic-petrologic description of world-wide major volcanic fields unfamiliar to international literature, to the discussion and interpretation of the results in light of geophysical techniques. It focuses on several situations that represent large-scale volcanism on Earth, related both with intra-plate or active margins. Many large volcanic complexes of Easter countries are presented, including Japan, Siberian Russia, and Mongolia. A detailed account of the European volcanic province of the Pannonia basin and Central-Southern Spain is given. Southern hemisphere areas of Antarctica and Polynesia are considered as well. The chapters are very informative for those who wish for a guide to visiting, or are curious about main characteristics of the above volcanic areas, some of which are remote and not easily accessible.

Description / Table of Contents: Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) plays a key role in high precision navigation, positioning, timing, and scientific questions related to precise positioning. This is a highly precise, continuous, all-weather, and real-time technique. The book is devoted to presenting recent results and developments in GNSS theory, system, signal, receiver, method, and errors sources, such as multipath effects and atmospheric delays. Furthermore, varied GNSS applications are demonstrated and evaluated in hybrid positioning, multi-sensor integration, height system, Network Real Time Kinematic (NRTK), wheeled robots, and status and engineering surveying. This book provides a good reference for GNSS designers, engineers, and scientists, as well as the user market.

Description / Table of Contents: In this timely volume, geoscientists from both industry and academia present a contemporary view of salt at a global scale. The studies examine the influence of salt on synkinematic sedimentation, its role in basin evolution and tectonics, and ultimately in hydrocarbon prospectivity. Recent improvements in seismic reflection, acquisition and processing techniques have led to significant advances in the understanding of salt and sediment interactions, both along the flanks of vertical or overturned salt margins, and in subsalt plays such as offshore Brazil. The book is broadly separated into five major themes covering a variety of geographical and process-linked topics. These are: halokinetic sequence stratigraphy, salt in passive margin settings, Central European salt basins, deformation within and adjacent to salt, and salt in contractional settings and salt glaciers.

Description / Table of Contents: The continuing rapid growth and development of China’s cities brings many complex challenges. Tasked with supporting strong economic development that provides jobs and a good quality of life for its growing number of residents, China’s cities also must ensure sustainable development in line with national efforts to transition to a less carbon-intensive economy, as outlined in China’s 12th Five-Year Plan. Sustainable Low-Carbon City Development in China summarizes, through the specific lens of low-carbon development, the lessons of the World Bank’s activities related to sustainable urban development in China. The various chapters present overall approaches and achievements in low-carbon city developments and highlight specific experiences across all urban sectors, including energy, transport, solid waste, water, and waste water. The book also explores cities’ role in climate adaptation and opportunities presented by carbon finance and other global mechanisms to finance low-carbon city development. The World Bank project data and experience combined with the national and international experience presented in this edited book deliver both a broad picture and actionable steps for China’s urban development. The chapters argue that China’s cities not only need to, but also have an opportunity and the ability to integrate sustainable low-carbon development in their urban development. Low-carbon efforts align closely with the sustainable urbanization agenda and the book points to multiple benefits, such as improved air quality and urban livability, that can be derived from implementing this urgent agenda. The intended audience of this edited book is government officials of municipalities, cities, and townships in China who will be defining policies and programs to achieve the targets of economic growth and carbon emission reductions emerging from the 12th Five-Year Plan. The lessons presented may also be of interest to other countries and development partners supporting low-carbon urban programs.

Description / Table of Contents: The field of groundwater hydrology and the discipline of hydrogeology have attracted a lot of attention during the past few decades. This is mainly because of the increasing need for high quality water, especially groundwater. This book, written by 15 scientists from 6 countries, clearly demonstrates the extensive range of issues that are dealt with in the field of hydrogeology. Karst hydrogeology and deposition processes, hydrogeochemistry, soil hydraulic properties as a factor affecting groundwater recharge processes, relevant conceptual models, and geophysical exploration for groundwater are all discussed in this book, giving the reader a global perspective on what hydrogeologists and co-scientists are currently working on to better manage groundwater resources. Graduate students, as well as practitioners, will find this book a useful resource and valuable guide.

Description / Table of Contents: The subject of 'drainage: draining the water off' is as important as 'irrigation: application of water', if not more. 'Drainage' has a deep impact on food security, agricultural activity, hygiene and sanitation, municipal usage, land reclamation and usage, flood and debris flow control, hydrological disaster management, ecological and environmental balance, and water resource management. 'Drainage Systems' provides the reader with a tri-dimensional expose of drainage in terms of sustainable systems, surface drainage and subsurface drainage. Ten eminent authors and their colleagues with varied technical backgrounds and experiences from around the world have dealt with extensive range of issues concerning the drainage phenomenon. Field engineers, hydrologists, academics and graduate students will find this book equally benefitting.

Description / Table of Contents: In the past several years, some energy technologies that inject or extract fluid from the Earth, such as oil and gas development and geothermal energy development, have been found or suspected to cause seismic events, drawing heightened public attention. Although only a very small fraction of injection and extraction activities among the hundreds of thousands of energy development sites in the United States have induced seismicity at levels noticeable to the public, understanding the potential for inducing felt seismic events and for limiting their occurrence and impacts is desirable for state and federal agencies, industry, and the public at large. To better understand, limit, and respond to induced seismic events, work is needed to build robust prediction models, to assess potential hazards, and to help relevant agencies coordinate to address them. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies identifies gaps in knowledge and research needed to advance the understanding of induced seismicity; identify gaps in induced seismic hazard assessment methodologies and the research to close those gaps; and assess options for steps toward best practices with regard to energy development and induced seismicity potential.

Description / Table of Contents: Geologists have long grappled with understanding the mechanical origins of rock deformation. Stress regimes control the nucleation, growth and reactivation of faults and fractures; induce seismic activity; affect the transport of magma; and modulate structural permeability, thereby influencing the redistribution of hydrothermal and hydrocarbon fluids. Experimentalists endeavour to recreate deformation structures observed in nature under controlled stress conditions. Earth scientists studying earthquakes will attempt to monitor or deduce stress changes in the Earth as it actively deforms. All are building upon the pioneering research and concepts of Ernest Masson Anderson, dating back to the start of the twentieth century. This volume celebrates Anderson's legacy, with 14 original research papers that examine faulting and seismic hazard; structural inheritance; the role of local and regional stress fields; low angle faults and the role of pore fluids; supplemented by reviews of Andersonian approaches and a reprint of his classic paper of 1905.

Description / Table of Contents: The book is divided into two sections. The first section presents characterization of atmospheric aerosols and their impact on regional climate from East Asia to the Pacific. Ground-based, air-born, and satellite data were collected and analyzed. Detailed information about measurement techniques and atmospheric conditions were provided as well. In the second section, authors provide detailed information about the organic and inorganic constituents of atmospheric aerosols. They discuss the chemical and physical processes, temporal and spatial distribution, emissions, formation, and transportation of aerosol particles. In addition, new measurement techniques are introduced. This book hopes to serve as a useful resource to resolve some of the issues associated with the complex nature of the interaction between atmospheric aerosols and climatology.

Description / Table of Contents: The workshop aims at ensuring participants to share experiences, expertise and lessons on the issues related to the application of remote sensing and GIS technology on crops productivity (especially food crops or specific priority crops, rice and wheat) and food security. This report is a set papers presented at the workshop.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the geology and hydrocarbon potential of the major Neoproterozoic–Cambrian basins of Asia from Oman, across the Middle East and the Indian Subcontinent, to China and SE Siberia, along with new research on the region. Many of these areas (e.g., Oman, Bikaner–Nagaur Basin in India, South China and SE Siberia) host prolific Neoproterozoic–Cambrian petroleum systems with giant to supergiant fields. Three key elements: (1) tectonic stability, (2) relatively late phase of hydrocarbon generation and (3) presence of an effective evaporite seal, seem to be critical for the development of effective Neoproterozoic–Cambrian petroleum systems. These key elements appear of less consequence for the development of ‘unconventional’ hydrocarbons, and the future prospectivity in many of these basins may lie in the exploration for, and production of, shale gas and shale oil directly from the thermally mature, organic-rich source rocks.

Description / Table of Contents: Due to the growth of computer technologies and web technologies, we can easily collect and store large amounts of text data. We can believe that the data include useful knowledge. Text mining techniques have been studied aggressively in order to extract the knowledge from the data since late 1990s. Even if many important techniques have been developed, the text mining research field continues to expand for the needs arising from various application fields. This book is composed of 9 chapters introducing advanced text mining techniques. They are various techniques from relation extraction to under or less resourced language. I believe that this book will give new knowledge in the text mining field and help many readers open their new research fields.

Description / Table of Contents: This excellent book represents the second part of three-volumes regarding MATLAB-based applications in almost every branch of science. The present textbook contains a collection of 13 exceptional articles divided in three parts. In particular, the first part is devoted to electronic engineering and computer science, the second part is devoted to MATLAB/SIMULINK as a tool for engineering applications and the third part is about telecommunication and communication systems. This collection of high quality articles refers to a large range of professional fields and can be used for science as well as for various educational purposes.