ALBERT

Note: Contents: Part 1: Data, Models, and Algorithms. - 1. Overture. - 2. Overview. - 3. Three-way and multiway data. - 4. Component models for fully-crossed designs. - 5. Algorithms for multiway models. - Part 2: Data Handling, Model Selection, and Interpertation. - 6. Preprocessing. - 7. Missing data in multiway analysis. - 8. Model and dimensionality selection. - 9. Interpreting component models. - 10. Improving interpretation through rotations. - 11. Graphical displays for components. - 12. Residuals, outliers, and robustness. - Part 3: Multiway Data and Their Analysis. - 13. Modeling multiway profile data. - 14. Modeling multiway rating scale data. - 15. Exploratory multivariate longitudinal analysis. - 16. Three-mode clustering. - 17. Multiway contingency tables. - 18. Three-way binary data. - 19. From three-way to four-way data and beyond. - Appendix A: Standard notation for mulitway analysis. - Appendix B: Biplots and their interpretation.

Note: Contents Preface PART I Framework of Climate Science CHAPTER 1 Overview of Climate Science Climate and Climate Change 1-1 Geologic Time Tools of Climate Science: Temperature Scales 1-2 How This Book Is Organized Development of Climate Science 1-3 How Scientists Study Climate Change Overview of the Climate System 1-4 Components of the Climate System 1-5 Climate Forcing 1-6 Climate System Responses 1-7 Time Scales of Forcing Versus Response 1-8 Differing Response Rates and Climate-System Interactions 1-9 Feedbacks in the Climate System Climate Interactions and Feedbacks: Positive and Negative Feedbacks CHAPTER 2 Climate Archives, Data, and Models Climate Archives, Dating, and Resolution 2-1 Types of Archives 2-2 Dating Climate Records 2-3 Climatic Resolution Climatic Data 2-4 Biotic Data 2-5 Geological and Geochemical Data Climate Models 2-6 Physical Climate Models 2-7 Geochemical Models PART II Tectonic-Scale Climate Change CHAPTER 3 CO2and Long-Term Climate Greenhouse Worlds Faint Young Sun Paradox Carbon Exchanges Between Rocks and the Atmosphere 3-1 Volcanic Input of Carbon from Rocks to the Atmosphere 3-2 Removal of CO2 from the Atmosphere by Chemical Weathering Climatic Factors That Control Chemical Weathering Is Chemical Weathering Earth’s Thermostat? 3-3 Greenhouse Role of Water Vapor Is Life the Ultimate Control on Earth’s Thermostat? 3-4 Gaia Hypothesis Looking Deeper into Climate Science: Organic Carbon Subcycle Was There a “Thermostat Malfunction”? A Snowball Earth? CHAPTER Plate Tectonics and Long-Term Climate Plate Tectonics 4-1 Structure and Composition of Tectonic Plates 4-2 Evidence of Past Plate Motions Polar Position Hypothesis 4-3 Glaciations and Continental Positions Since 500 Myr Ago Modeling Climate on the Supercontinent Pangaea 4-4 Input to the Model Simulation of Climate on Pangaea Looking Deeper into Climate Science: Brief Glaciation 440 Myr Ago 4-5 Output from the Model Simulation of Climate on Pangaea Tectonic Control of CO2 Input: BLAG Spreading-Rate Hypothesis 4-6 Control of CO2 Input by Seafloor Spreading 4-7 Initial Evaluation of the BLAG Spreading Rate Hypothesis Tectonic Control of CO2Removal: Uplift-Weathering Hypothesis 4-8 Rock Exposure and Chemical Weathering 4-9 Case Study: The Wind River Basin of Wyoming 4-10 Uplift and Chemical Weathering 4-11 Case Study: Weathering in the Amazon Basin 4-12 Weathering: Both a Climate Forcing and a Feedback? CHAPTER 5 Greenhouse Climate What Explains the Warmth 100 Myr Ago? 5-1 Model Simulations of the Cretaceous Greenhouse 5-2 What Explains the Data-Model Mismatch? 5-3 Relevance of Past Greenhouse Climate to the Future Sea Level Changes and Climate 5-4 Causes of Tectonic-Scale Changes in Sea Level 5-5 Effect of Changes in Sea Level on Climate Looking Deeper into Climate Science: Calculating Changes in Sea Level Asteroid Impact Large and Abrupt Greenhouse Episode near 50 Myr Ago CHAPTER 6 From Greenhouse to Icehouse: The Last 50 Million Years Global Climate Change Since 50 Myr Ago 6-1 Evidence from Ice and Vegetation 6-2 Evidence from Oxygen Isotope Measurements 6-3 Evidence from Mg/Ca Measurements Do Changes in Geography Explain the Cooling? 6-4 Gateway Hypothesis 6-5 Assessment of Gateway Changes Hypotheses Linked to Changes in CO2 6-6 Evaluation of the BLAG Spreading Rate Hypothesis 6-7 Evaluation of the Uplift Weathering Hypothesis Climate DebateTiming of the Uplift in Western North America Future Climate Change at Tectonic Scales Looking Deeper into Climate Science: Organic Carbon: Monterrey Hypothesis PART III Orbital-Scale Climate Change CHAPTER 7 Astronomical Control of Solar Radiation Earth’s Orbit Today 7-1 Earth’s Tilted Axis of Rotation and the Seasons 7-2 Earth’s Eccentric Orbit: Distance Between Earth and Sun Long-Term Changes in Earth’s Orbit 7-3 Changes in Earth’s Axial Tilt Through Time Tools of Climate Science: Cycles and Modulation 7-4 Changes in Earth’s Eccentric Orbit Through Time 7-5 Precession of the Solstices and Equinoxes Around Earth’s Orbit Looking Deeper into Climate Science: Earth’s Precession as a Sine Wave Changes in Insolation Received on Earth 7-6 Insolation Changes by Month and Season 7-7 Insolation Changes by Caloric Seasons Searching for Orbital-Scale Changes in Climatic Records 7-8 Time Series Analysis 7-9 Effects of Undersampling Climate Records 7-10 Tectonic-Scale Changes in Earth’s Orbit CHAPTER 8 Insolation Control of Monsoons Monsoon Circulations 8-1 Orbital-Scale Control of Summer Monsoons Orbital-Scale Changes in North African Summer Monsoons 8-2 “Stinky Muds” in the Mediteranean 8-3 Freshwater Diatoms in the Tropical Atlantic 8-4 Upwelling in the Equatorial Atlantic Orbital Monsoon Hypothesis: Regional Assessment 8-5 Cave Speleothems in China and Brazil 8-6 Phasing of Summer Monsoons Looking Deeper into Climate Science: Insolation-Driven Monsoon Responses: Chronometer for Tuning Monsoon Forcing Earlier in Earth’s History 8-7 Monsoons on Pangaea 200 Myr Ago 8-8 Joint Tectonic and Orbital Control of Monsoons CHAPTER 9 Insolation Control of Ice Sheets Milankovitch Theory: Orbital Control of Ice Sheets Modeling the Behavior of Ice Sheets 9-1 Insolation Control of Ice Sheet Size 9-2 Ice Sheets Lag Behind Summer Insolation Forcing 9-3 Delayed Bedrock Response Beneath Ice Sheets Looking Deeper into Climate Science: Ice Volume Response to Insolation 9-4 Full Cycle of Ice Growth and Decay 9-5 Ice Slipping and Calving Northern Hemisphere Ice Sheet History 9-6 Ice Sheet History: δ18O Evidence 9-7 Confirming Ice Volume Changes: Coral Reefs and Sea Level Is Milankovich’s Theory the Full Answer? Looking Deeper into Climate Science: Sea Level on Uplifting Islands CHAPTER 10 Orbital-Scale Changes in Carbon Dioxide and Methane Ice Cores 10-1 Drilling and Dating Ice Cores 10-2 Verifying Ice-Core Measurements of Ancient Air 10-3 Orbital-Scale Carbon Transfers: Carbon Isotopes Orbital-Scale Changes in CO2 10-4 Where Did the Missing Carbon Go? 10-5 δ13C Evidence of Carbon Transfer How Did the Carbon Get into the Deep Ocean? 10-6 Increased CO2 Solubility in Seawater 10-7 Biological Transfer from Surface Waters A Closer Look at Climate Science: Using δ13C to Measure Carbon Pumping 10-8 Changes in Deep-Water Circulation Orbital-Scale Changes in CH4 Orbital-Scale Climatic Roles: CO2and CH4 CHAPTER 11 Orbital-Scale Interactions, Feedbacks, and Unsolved Problems Climatic Responses Driven by the Ice Sheets Mystery of the 41,000-Year Glacial World 11-1 Did Insolation Really Vary Mainly at 41,000 Years? 11-2 Interhemispheric Cancellation of 23,000-Year Ice Volume Responses? 11-3 CO2 Feedback at 41,000 Years? Mystery of the ~100,000-Year Glacial World 11-4 How Is the Northern Ice Signal Transferred South? Why did the Northern Ice Sheets Vary at ~100,000 Years? Looking Deeper into Climate Science: Link Between Forcing and the Time Constants of Ice Response 11-5 Ice Interactions with Bedrock 11-6 Ice Interactions with the Local Environment 11-7 Ice Interactions with Greenhouse Gases PART IV Deglacial Climate Change CHAPTER 12 Last Glacial Maximum Glacial World: More Ice, Less Gas 12-1 Project CLIMAP: Reconstructing the Last Glacial Maximum 12-2 How Large Were the Ice Sheets? 12-3 Glacial Dirt and Winds Testing Model Simulations Against Biotic Data 12-4 COHMAP: Data-Model Comparisons 12-5 Pollen: Indicator of Climate on the Continents 12-6 Using Pollen for Data-Model Comparisons Data-Model Comparisons of Glacial Maximum Climates 12-7 Model Simulations of Glacial Maximum Climates 12-8 Climate Changes near the Northern Ice Sheets 12-9 Climate Changes far from the Northern Ice Sheets How Cold Were the Glacial Tropics? 12-10 Evidence for a Small Tropical Cooling 12-11 Evidence for a Large Tropical Cooling 12-12 Actual Cooling Was Medium-Small CHAPTER 13 Climate During and Since the Last Deglaciation Fire and Ice: Shift in the Balance of Power 13-1 When Did the Ice Sheets Melt? 13-2 Coral Reefs and Rising Sea Level 13-3 Glitches in the Deglaciation: Deglacial Two-Step To

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: TEIL I - PHYSIK DER ATMOSPHÄRISCHEN GRENZSCHICHT. - 1 Der Grenzschicht-Begriff. - 1.1 Die Atmosphärische Grenzschicht, der unterste Teil der Troposphäre. - 1.2 Der Grenzschicht-Begriff in der allgemeinen Strömungslehre. - 1.3 Anwendung der Bewegungsgleichung. - 1.4 Gedanklicher Übergang zur Atmosphärischen Grenzschicht. - 1.5 Skalenanalyse. - 1.5.1 Beispiel 1: Thermische Diffusion bei vorgegebener charakteristischer Länge. - 1.5.2 Beispiel 2: Höhe einer stationären Laborgrenzschicht. - 1.5.3 Beispiel 3: Höhe einer stationären Atmosphärischen Grenzschicht. - 1.6 Dimensionsanalyse. - 1.7 Unterschiedliche Definitionen der Grenzschichthöhe aus dem Profilverlauf. - 1.8 Typen der Atmosphärischen Grenzschicht. - 2 Flussdichten. - 2.1 Turbulenz. - 2.2 Formulierung von Flussdichten. - 2.2.1 Die transportierte Eigenschaft ist ein Skalar. - 2.2.2 Die transportierte Eigenschaft ist die Komponente eines Vektors. - 2.2.3 Der molekulare Impulstransport. - 3 Die hydrodynamischen Grundgleichungen. - 3.1 Die Komponentenschreibweise. - 3.2 Die Kontinuitätsgleichung. - 3.3 Die Gasgleichung. - 3.4 Skalenanalyse von mit Fluktuationsgrößen gebildeten Termen. - 3.5 Die Bewegungsgleichung. - 3.6 Die Haushaltsgleichungen für die fühlbare Wärme und den Wasserdampf. - 3.7 Die Randbedingungen. - 4 Haushaltsgleichungen von Größen, die dieTurbulenz beschreiben. - 4.1 Die Haushaltsgleichung für die turbulente kinetische Energie. - 4.2 Weitere Gleichungen fur kinetische Energien. - 4.3 Allgemeines über Haushaltsgleichungen für Momente zweiter Ordnung. - 4.4 Spektraler Transfer. - 4.5 Quantitative Beispiele. - 5 Die Parametrisierung. - 5.1 Das Problem. - 5.2 Die Schließung erster Ordnung. - 5.2.1 Der K-Ansatz und die Theorie des Mischungsweges. - 5.2.2 Der Differenzen-Ansatz. - 5.3 Schließungen höherer Ordnung. - 6 Dynamik der Ekman-Schicht. - 6.1 Die Ekman-Spirale in der Atmosphäre. - 6.1.1 Die Ekman-Gleichungen. - 6.1.2 Lösung der Ekman-Gleichungen mit KM = const. - 6.1.3 Lösung der Ekman-Gleichungen mit höhenabhängigem KM. - 6.1.4 Darstellung und Interpretation der Lösungen. - 6.2 Die vertikale Struktur der Atmosphärischen Grenzschicht. - 6.2.1 Die Höhe der Prandtl-Schicht. - 6.2.2 Die Höhe der dynamischen Grenzschicht. - 6.2.3 Das Gesamtbild der Struktur der horizontal homogenen dynamischen Grenzschicht. - 6.3 Die Ekman-Spirale im Ozean. - 7 Die Prandtl-Schicht. - 7.1 Das logarithmische Windprofil bei neutraler Schichtung. - 7.2 Überlegungen zum diabatischen Windprofil. - 7.3 Stabilitätsbetrachtungen. - 7.4 Das Turbulenzkriterium von L.F. Richardson. - 7.5 Die Ähnlichkeitstheorie von Monin und Obukhov. - 7.6 Das aus der Ähnlichkeitstheorie folgende Windprofil. - 7.7 Allgemeine Formulierung der Profilbeziehungen. - 7.8 Die Bestimmung der Funktionen φ (ζ) und j (ζ). - 7.9 Die Bulk-Transportkoeffizienten oder -widerstände. - 7.10 Weitere Gesetzmäßigkeiten der Prandtl-Schicht. - 8 Die Rossby-Zahl-Ähnlichkeitstheorie. - 8.1 Grundlagen. - 8.2 Die Widerstandsgesetze der AGS. - 8.3 Einfache Modelle für die gesamte AGS. - 9 Die konvektive Grenzschicht. - 9.1 Einordnung in die Grundtypen der AGS. - 9.2 Ähnlichkeitsbetrachtungen. - 9.3 Die beobachtete Struktur der konvektiven Grenzschicht. - 9.4 Konzeptionelle Modelle. - 9.4.1 Die Grundstruktur der konvektiven Grenzschicht. - 9.4.2 Die trockene konvektive Grenzschicht. - 9.4.3 Die konvektive Grenzschicht mit Wolken (feuchte CBL). - 10 Die stabile Grenzschicht. - 10.1 Das Phänomen. - 10.2 Der nächtliche Grenzschicht-Strahlstrom. - TEIL II - MIKROMETEOROLOGIE. - 11 Die Energiebilanz an der Erdoberfläche. - 11.1 Die Strahlungsbilanz. - 11.2 Der Bodenwärmestrom. - 11.3 Die Energiebilanzterme über wirklichen Oberflächen. - 11.4 Zusammenhänge zwischen den Energiebilanztermen. - 11.5 Messung der Energiebilanzterme. - 11.6 Beispiele. - 12 Mikroklimate. - 12.1 Definition. - 12.2 Beispiele. - 12.3 Interne Grenzschichten. - 13 Das Bestandsklima. - 13.1 Eigenschaften einer Vegetationsdecke. - 13.2 Die Verdunstung. - 13.2.1 Photosynthese und Respiration. - 13.2.2 Die potentielle Verdunstung. - 13.2.3 Die aktuelle Verdunstung. - 13.3 Boden-Vegetation-Atmosphäre-Wechselwirkung (SVAT). - 14 Mikrometeorologie über Schnee- und Eisoberflächen. - 14.1 Problematik und einige Phänomene. - 14.2 Freie und bedeckte Ablation. - 14.2.1 Grundlagen für ein einfaches Modell. - 14.2.2 Freie Ablation. - 14.2.3 Bedeckte Ablation. - 14.2.4 Ablationsdiagramme. - Anhang - Zur Geschichte der Grenzschicht-Meteorologie. - Literaturverzeichnis. - Sachverzeichnis.

Note: Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:2008

Note: CONTENTS COMPOSITION OF THE OFFICE CONTENTS INTRODUCTION I. THE POLAR REGIONS: AN URGENT NEED FOR PROTECTION A. EXTREME BUT FRAGILE REGIONS 1. The Arctic Ocean 2. Antarctica B. FRANCE'S RESPONSIBILITY IN THE ANTARCTICA TREATY 1. The origins of the treaty and the Antarctic system 2. Mining a suspended issue 3. Tourism: a new peaceful threat? II. THE POLES: THEIR KEY ROLE IN UNDERSTANDING CLIMATE CHANGE A. UNDERSTANDING PAST CLIMATES TO UNDERSTAND THE FUTURE CLIMATE 1. Recent ice cores from Greenland 2. lce cores from Antarctica 3. Ocean core samples: the transpolar link 4. The future of glacial core sampling B. THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION 1. The general circulation system 2. The importance of the creation of cold, deep waters 3. The Antarctic Ocean, a carbon sink C. THE POLAR REGIONS AT THE HEART OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE 1. Will the Arctic ice shelf disappear in the summer? 2. Will Greenland melt completely? 3. Can a diagnosis be made concerning the assessment of Antarctica's mass? III. FRANCE'S FIRST-CLASS BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH A. AN EXCEPTIONAL HERITAGE 1. A unique geographic situation 2. 40 to 50 years of continuous observations B. ADAPTING TO GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS 1. Adapting to climate change 2. Understanding the adaptation to extreme environments C. INNOVATIVE RESEARCH 1. The equipment of animals 2. Hormonal, molecular and genetic research 3. The implications for the organization of research IV. OBSERVING THE EARTH, OBSERVING THE UNIVERSE A. OBSERVATORIES FOR THE EARTH AND THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE 1. Seismology 2. Measuring gravity and terrestrial magnetism 3. Studying the stratosphere and monitoring the ozone layer '1. Observing the ionosphere B. ANTARCTIC ASTRONOMY: A NEW FIELD 1. Recognizing this fast-growing discipline 2. Concordia: the best site in the world/or astronomic observations? 3. Searching for meteorites in Antarctica 4. Measuring cosmic radiation V. PREPARING THE SPACE MISSIONS IN ANTARCTICA A. PREPARING AND VALIDATING THE SATELLITE MISSIONS 1. Space and the polar regions: preparation complementarity 2. Validating on the ground observations made from space B. PREPARING MANNED SPACE FLIGHTS AND MOON OR MARS-BASED STATIONS 1. Concordia - a unique research site 2. Studying behaviour in an extreme environment 3. Physiological studies C. TESTING EXPLORATION MATERIAL 1. American examples and projects 2. European perspectives VI. FRANCE'S PRESENCE IN THE POLAR REGIONS A. DEVELOPING FRANCE'S PRESENCE IN THE ARCTIC, STRENGTHENING ITS PRESENCE IN ANTARCTICA 1. Developing France's Arctic presence 2. Strengthening our presence in the southern regions B. IPEV (THE FRENCH PAUL-EMILE VICTOR INSTITUTE), AN AGENCY OF MEANS VII. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION: A NECESSITY AND A GOAL A. HOW TO ENCOURAGE A EUROPEAN PROCESS? 1. The European Union: a sufficient framework? 2. The practical and political limitations of cooperation 3. Towards an Italian-German-French engine? B. WHAT INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR FRANCE ON THE EVE OF THE IPY? 1. Excellence, proximity and longevity: three key criteria for cooperation 2. Developing a network for the stations VIII. THE RAPPORTEUR'S CONCLUSIONS AND PROPOSALS 1. Strategic regions 2. Regions to protect 3. Essential regions for understanding climate change 4. Life in the polar regions: of great value to humanity 5. The polar regions: an observatory for the Earth 6. Strongly support the development of astronomy at Concordia 7. Take advantage of the polar regions' complementarity with the space missions 8. Strengthen France's presence in the polar regions 9. Reorganize France's presence in the polar regions 10. Better coordinate polar research 11. Solve the problem of insufficient funding for polar-research logistics 12. Define a French strategy for European and international cooperation APPENDICES SPEAKERS PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1 MARCH 2007 SEMINAR: "OPENING OF THE INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR IN FRANCE" PART ONE: LUNCH-DEBATE I. MR. HENRI REVOL, PRESIDENT OF THE OPECST II. MR. JEAN-LOUIS ETIENNE PART TWO: OFFICIAL OPENING SESSION I. INTRODUCTION A. MR. CHRISTIAN GAUDIN, SENATOR, RAPPORTEUR FOR THE OPECST B. MS. CATHERINE BRECHIGNAC, PRESIDENT OF THE CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE (CNRS) C. MR. MICHEL JARRAUD, SECRETARY-GENERAL OF THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION D. MR. CHRISTIAN COINTAT, SENATOR, PRESIDENT OF THE ANTARCTIC AND ARTIC STUDY GROUP II. OFFICIAL OPENING OF THE INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR IN FRANCE BY MR. CHRISTIAN PONCELET, PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE III. THEMATIC DEBATE-THE POLES: INDICATORS AND EVIDENCE FOR MANKIND A. MS. NELLY OLIN, MINISTER OF ECOLOGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT B. MS. VALERIE MASSON-DELMOTTE, CLIMATOLOGIST, CEA C. MR. YVON LE MAHO, BIOLOGIST, CNRS D. MS. JOELLE ROBERT-LAMBLIN, ANTHROPOLOGIST, CNRS E. DEBATE IV. CLOSING SPEECHES A. MR. FRAN〈;:OIS GOULARD, MINISTER FOR HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH B. HIS SERENE HIGHNESS PRINCE ALBERT II OF MONACO APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: DOCUMENTS PRESENTED BY MS. VALERIE MASSONDELMOTTE, CLIMATOLOGIST - CEA APPENDIX 2: DOCUMENTS PRESENTED BY MS. JOELLE ROBERTLAMBLIN, ANTHROPOLOGIST - CNRS APPENDIX 3: DOCUMENTS PRESENTED BY MR. YVON LE MAHO, BIOLOGIST- CNRS

Note: Potsdam, Univ., Diss., 2008

Note: Contents: 1 Concepts and Foundations of Remote Sensing. - 1.1 Introduction. - 1.2 Energy Sources and Radiation Principles. - 1.3 Energy Interactions in the Atmosphere. - 1.4 Energy Interactions with Earth Surface Features. - 1.5 Data Acquisition and Interpretation. - 1.6 Reference Data. - 1.7 The Global Positioning System. - 1.8 Characteristics of Remote Sensing System. - 1.9 Successful Application of Remote Sensing. - 1.10 Geographic Information Systems. - 1.11 Organization of the Book. - Works Cited. - 2 Elements of Photographic Systems. - 2.1 Introduction. - 2.2 Early History of Aerial Photography. - 2.3 Photographic Basics. - 2.4 Film Photography. - 2.5 Digital Photography. - 2.6 Aerial Cameras. - 2.7 Spatial Resolution of Camera Systems. - 2.8 Aerial Videography. - 2.9 Multiband Imaging. - 2.10 Conclusion. - Works Cited. - 3 Basic Principles of Photogrammetry. - 3.1 Introduction. - 3.2 Basic Geometric Characteristics of Aerial Photographs. - 3.3 Photographic Scale. - 3.4 Ground Coverage of Aerial Photographs. - 3.5 Area Measurement. - 3.6 Relief Displacement of Vertical Features. - 3.7 Image Parallax. - 3.8 Ground Control for Aerial Photography. - 3.9 Production of Maps and Orthophotos. - 3.10 Flight Planning. - 3.11 Conclusion. - Works Cited. - 4 Introduction to Visual Image Interpretation. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Fundamentals of Visual Image Interpretation. - 4.3 Basic Visual Image Interpretation Equipment. - 4.4 Land Use/Land Cover Mapping. - 4.5 Geologic and Soil Mapping. - 4.6 Agricultural Applications. - 4.7 Forestry Applications. - 4.8 Rangeland Applications. - 4.9 Water Resource Applications. - 4.10 Urban and Regional Planning Applications. - 4.11 Wetland Mapping. - 4.12 Wildlife Ecology Applications. - 4.13 Archaeological Applications. - 4.14 Environmental Assessment. - 4.15 Natural Disaster Assessment. - 4.16 Principles of Landform Identification and Evaluation. - Works Cited. - 5 Multispectral, Thermal, and Hyperspectral Sensing. - 5.1 Introduction. - 5.2 Across-Track Scanning. - 5.3 Along-Track Scanning. - 5.4 Example Across-Track Multispectral Scanner and Imagery. - 5.5 Example Along-Track Multispectral Scanner and Imagery. - 5.6 Geometric Characteristics of Across-Track Scanner Imagery. - 5.7 Geometric Characteristics of Along-Track Scanner Imagery. - 5.8 Thermal Scanning. - 5.9 Thermal Radiation Principles. - 5.10 Interpreting Thermal Scanner Imagery. - 5.11 Radiometric Calibration of Thermal Scanners. - 5.12 Temperature Mapping with Thermal Scanner Data. - 5.13 FLIR Systems. - 5.14 Hyperspectral Sensing. - 5.15 Conclusion . - Works Cited. - 6 Earth Resource Satellites Operating in the Optical Spectrum. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 Early History of Space Imaging. - 6.3 Landsat Satellite Program Overview. - 6.4 Landsat-1,-2, and-3. - 6.5 Landsat-4 and -5. - 6.6 Landsat-6 Planned Mission. - 6.7 Landsat-7. - 6.8 Landsat Image Examples. - 6.9 Landsat Data Continuity Mission. - 6.10 Long-Term Future of the Landsat Program and the Global Earth Observation System of Systems. - 6.11 SPOT Satellite Program. - 6.12 SPOT-1,-2, and-3. - 6.13 SPOT-4. - 6.14 SPOT-5. - 6.15 SPOT Image Examples. - 6.16 Other Earth Resource Satellites. - 6.17 Meteorological Satellites Frequently Applied to Earth Surface Feature Observation. - 6.18 Ocean Monitoring Satellites. - 6.19 Earth Observing System. - 6.20 Space Station Remote Sensing . - Works Cited. - 7 Digital Image Interpretation and Analysis. - 7.1 Introduction. - 7.2 Image Rectification and Restoration. - 7.3 Image Enhancement. - 7.4 Contrast Manipulation. - 7.5 Spatial Feature Manipulation. - 7.6 Multi-Image Manipulation. - 7.7 Image Classification. - 7.8 Supervised Classification. - 7.9 The Classification Stage. - 7.10 The Training Stage. - 7.11 Unsupervised Classification. - 7.12 Hybrid Classification. - 7.13 Classification of Mixed Pixels. - 7.14 The Output Stage. - 7.15 Postclassification Smoothing. - 7.16 Object-Oriented Classification. - 7.17 Classification Accuracy Assessment. - 7.18 Data Merging and GIS Integration. - 7.19 Hyperspectral Image Analysis. - 7.20 Biophysical Modeling. - 7.21 Scale Effects. - 7.22 Image Transmission and Compression. - 7.23 Conclusion. - Works Cited. - 8 Microwave and Lidar Sensing. - 8.1 Introduction. - 8.2 Radar Development. - 8.3 Side-Looking Radar System Operation. - 8.4 Synthetic Aperture Radar. - 8.5 Geometric Characteristics of Radar Imagery. - 8.6 Transmission Characteristics of Radar Signals. - 8.7 Other Radar Image Characteristics. - 8.8 Radar Image Interpretation. - 8.9 Interferometric Radar. - 8.10 Radar Remote Sensing from Space. - 8.11 Seasat-1. - 8.12 Shuttle Imaging Radar. - 8.13 Almaz-1. - 8.14 ERS-1 and ERS-2. - 8.15 Envisat. - 8.16 JERS-1. - 8.17 ALOS. - 8.18 Radarsat. - 8.19 High Resolution Spaceborne Radar Systems. - 8.20 Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. - 8.21 Spaceborne Radar System Summary. - 8.22 Passive Microwave Sensing. - 8.23 Lidar. - Works Cited. - Appendix A Radiometric Concepts,Terminology, and Units. - Geometric Characteristics of Radiation Measurement. - Radiometric Terminology and Units. - Appendix B Remote Sensing Data and Information Resources. - Sources of Remote Sensing Data and Information. - Remote Sensing Periodicals. - Remote Sensing Glossaries. - Online Remote Sensing Courses and Tutorials. - Appendix C Sample Coordinate Transformation and Resampling Procedures. - Two-Dimensional Affine Coordinate Transformation. - Resampling Procedures . - Appendix D Radar Signal Concepts, Terminology,and Units. - Signal Power and Radar Cross Section. - Complex Amplitude of Radar Signals. - Index

Note: Contents: Preface. - Acknowledgements. - 1 The meteorology of monsoons. - 1.1 Introduction. - 1.2 Meteorology of the tropics. - 1.3 The Indian Ocean monsoon system. - 1.4 Theory of monsoons. - 2 Controls on the Asian monsoon over tectonic timescales. - 2.1 Introduction. - 2.2 The influence of Tibet. - 2.3 Oceanic controls on monsoon intensity. - 2.4 Summary. - 3 Monsoon evolution on tectonic timescales. - 3.1 Proxies for monsoon intensity. - 3.2 Monsoon reconstruction by oceanic upwelling. - 3.3 Continental climate records. - 3.4 Eolian dust records. - 3.5 Evolving flora of East Asia. - 3.6 History of Western Pacific Warm Pool and the Monsoon. - 3.7 Summary. - 4 Monsoon evolution on orbital timescales. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Orbital controls on monsoon strength. - 4.3 Eolian records in North-east Asia. - 4.4 Monsoon records from cave deposits. - 4.5 Monsoon variability recorded in ice caps. - 4.6 Monsoon variability recorded in lacustrine sediments. - 4.7 Salinity records in marine sediments. - 4.8 Pollen records in marine sediments. - 4.9 Paleoproductivity as an indicator of monsoon strength. - 4.10 The Early Holocene monsoon. - 4.11 Mid–Late Holocene monsoon. - 4.12 Summary. - 5 Erosional impact of the Asian monsoon. - 5.1 Monsoon and oceanic strontium. - 5.2 Reconstructing erosion records. - 5.3 Reconstructing exhumation. - 5.4 Estimating marine sediment budgets. - 5.5 Erosion in Indochina. - 5.6 Erosion in other regions. - 5.7 Monsoon rains in Oman. - 5.8 Changes in monsoon-driven erosion on orbital timescales. - 5.9 Tectonic impact of monsoon strengthening. - 5.10 Climatic control over Himalaya exhumation. - 5.11 Summary. - 6 The Late Holocene monsoon and human society. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 Holocene climate change and the Fertile Crescent. - 6.3 Holocene climate change and the Indus Valley. - 6.4 Holocene climate change and early Chinese cultures. - 6.5 Monsoon developments since 1000 AD. - 6.6 Monsoon and religion. - 6.7 Impacts of future monsoon evolution. - 6.8 Summary. - References. - Further reading. - Index.

Note: Inhalt: Grußwort / Annette Schavan. - Zu diesem Buch / Dieter K. Fütterer, Eberhard Fahrbach. - 25 Jahre POLARSTERN - Durchbruch für die deutsche Polarforschung / Jörn Thiede, Dieter K. Fütterer. - Marmeladeneimer oder Eisbrecher? - eine Entscheidung / Klaus Fleischmann. - Das Eis brechende Forschungsschiff POLARSTERN - technische Aspekte / Volker Schulz. - POLARSTERN - multidisziplinäres Forschungsschiff der besonderen Art / Klaus von Bröckel. - POLARSTERN - Versorger für die Neumayer-Station / Hartwig Gernandt. - Wissenschaftliche Sonarsysteme zur Ortung und Meeresbodenerkundung / Hans Werner Schenke. - Von der elektronischen Steinzeit zur Neuzeit - der Bordrechner auf POLARSTERN / Wolfgang Hiller, Peter Gerchow, Hans Krause, Jens Michael Schlüter, Chresten Wübber. - Kapitän auf einem Forschungsschiff - die Sicht des Nautikers / Uwe Pahl. - Wir bleiben in Verbindung - die Funkstation auf POLARSTERN / Andreas Hecht. - Schiffsarzt und Bordkrankenhaus auf POLARSTERN / Eberhard Kohlberg. - Wen interessiert das Wetter am Ende der Welt? / Gert König-Langlo, Ralf Brauner. - Sonar & Co: POLARSTERN und der Unterwasserschall / Olaf Boebel. - Leben und Arbeiten auf POLARSTERN - ein Expeditionstagebuch / Hannes Grobe, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten. - EISTAGE - Expeditionsmalerei in der Antarktis / Gerhard Rießbeck. - Graphisch wie eine Zeichnung, malerisch wie ein Bild, hauchdünn wie blaues Glas / Britta Lauer. - Nähe - Weite - Ferne - Raum / Lutz Fritsch. - Die Bathymetrie der Framstraße / Hans Werner Schenke. - Das Eisrandexperiment im internationalen Rahmen - MIZEX / Ernst Augstein Ein Ozean im Wandel - arktische Meeresströmungen um die Jahrtausendwende / Ursula Schauer. - Das Europäische Nordmeer - Entwicklung langfristiger Beobachtungsprogramme / Jens Meincke. - Die Grönlandsee - alles anders als gedacht / Gereon Budeus. - Das Weddellmeer im Winter / Ernst Augstein. - Die Zirkulation im Weddellmeer - ein Fenster in die Tiefsee / Eberhard Fahrbach, Gerd Rohardt. - Atom-Uhren im Südlichen Ozean / Claudia Hanfland, Walter Geibert, Ingrid Vöge, Michiel M. Rutgers van der Loeff. - Dünn und dünner? - Eisdickenmessungen in den Polarmeeren / Christian Haas. - Der Lebensraum Meereis in Arktis und Antarktis / Gerhard Dieckmann, Michael Spindler. - Kleinstlebewesen ganz groß - Planktonforschung in internationalen Programmen / Sigrid Schiel. - Die Eisendüngungsexperimente EisenEx und EIFEX im Antarktischen Zirkumpolarstrom / Volker Strass, Victor Smetacek. - Benthos- und Fischökologie auf dem antarktischen Kontinentalschelf / Wolf Arntz, Julian Gutt. - Leben unter einem antarktischen Schelfeis - ein biologisch »weißer Fleck« und seine Reaktion auf den Klimawandel / Julian Gutt. - Wie werden Fische mit der Kälte fertig? - Evolution und Überlebensstrategien antarktischer Eisfische / Karl-Hermann Kock. - Leben im ewigen Dunkel - Expeditionen in die Tiefsee des Südlichen Ozeans / Angelika Brandt. - Der HAUSGARTEN - das erste und bislang einzige multidisziplinäre Langzeit-Tiefsee-Observatorium in der Arktis / Michael Klages, Thomas Soltwedel. - Glasnost im Nordmeer - die zweite europäische POLARSTERN-Studie (EPOS II) / Eike Rachor. - Mit der POLARSTERN auf der Suche nach den Eiszeiten im Arktischen Ozean / Jens Matthiessen, Rüdiger Stein. - Der Untergrund des Arktischen Ozeans / Wilfried Jokat. - Auf der Suche nach der kosmischen Bombe im Bellingshausenmeer / Rainer Gersonde. - Auf den Spuren Gondwanas / Wilfried Jokat. - POLARSTERN und AKADEMIK A. KARPINSKY im Internationalen Polarjahr (IPY) 2007-2008 - der antarktische Kontinentalrand in der Prydz-Bucht / Karsten Gohl. - Klimabotschaft aus dem Tiefseeschlamm / Bernhard Diekmann, Dieter K. Fütterer, Hannes Grobe. - Ozeanische Fronten und Meereis im Wechsel von Warm- und Kaltzeiten - Klimageschichte des Südlichen Ozeans / Rainer Gersonde. - POLARSTERN - Quo vadis? Und was kommt nach dir? / Jörn Thiede, Nicole Biebow. - ANHANG. - POLARSTERN-Expeditionen. - Verzeichnis der im Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft in der Reihe »Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung« publizierten Expeditionsberichte. - Generalplan der POLARSTERN. - FS POLARSTERN / Technische Daten. - Im Text verwendete wichtige Abkürzungen. - Im Text erwähnte - meist internationale - Forschungsprojekte.

Note: Utrecht, Univ., Diss., 2008

Note: Inhalt = Content 1. Vorwort = Introduction 2. Ausgewählte Forschungsthemen = Selected research topics Rinnen im Meereis: Heizung für die Atmosphäre? = Leads in Sea Ice: Heating the Atmosphere? / Christof Lüpkes, Vladimir Gryanik, Anna Barbara Herold, Gerit Birnbaum, Ulrike Wacker, Jörg Hartmann Die polaren Ozeane vor dem Hintergrund der Klimaänderung – Ein Vergleich = The Polar Oceans in the context of climate change – commons and contrasts / Eberhard Fahrbach, Christian Haas und Ursula Schauer Wissenschaftliches Rechnen und Ozeanographie für das Krisenmanagement: Der Beitrag des Alfred-Wegener-Instituts zum Deutsch-Indonesischen Tsunami-Frühwarnsystem = Scientific computing and oceanography for hazard management: The contribution of the Alfred Wegener Institute to the German-Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System / Jörn Behrens, Wolfgang Hiller, Jens Schröter Klimaarchiv Eis – Das European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) = Climate archive in ice - the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) / Hubertus Fischer, Frank Wilhelms, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Hans Oerter, Hanno Meyer, Peter Köhler, Rainer Gersonde & Heinz Miller Schwarzschiefer vom Nordpol entschlüsseln Klimageschichte: Der Arktische Ozean war vor 45 Millionen Jahren so warm wie die Ostsee heute = Black shales near the North Pole decipher climate history: The Arctic Ocean at 45 Ma was as warm as the modern Baltic Sea / Ruediger Stein, Petra Weller, Bettina Boucsein und Jens Matthiessen Leben auf dem Mars? Methan-bildende Mikroorganismen aus sibirischen Permafrost-böden als Studienobjekte = Life on Mars? Methane-forming micro-organisms from Siberian permafrost soils as study objects / Dirk Wagner und Daria Morozova Seeelefanten helfen Südozeanmodellierern = Elephant Seals help validate Finite Element Ice-Ocean Model / Ralph Timmermann Neuigkeiten in der Krillforschung: Licht kontrolliert Lebensfunktionen des Krills = News in Krill research: Light controls life functions of krill / Mathias Teschke, Bettina Meyer, Carsten Pape, Susanne Spahic Wie wird man 400 Jahre alt? Altersvorsorge der Islandmuschel (Arctica islandica) = Living 400 years – what is the secret of the ocean quahog (Arctica islandica)? / Doris Abele, Eva Philipp, Julia Strahl, Thomas Brey Langzeitforschung auf Helgoland und Sylt: Ein Finger am Puls der Nordsee = Long-Term Ecological Research at Helgoland and Sylt: Keeping a Finger at the Pulse of the North Sea / Justus E.E. van Beusekom, Maarten Boersma, Karsten Reise and Karen H. Wiltshire 3. Forschung = Research MARCOPOLI 3.1 MARINE 3.2 COAST 3.3 POLAR 3.4 Neue Themen = Additional funding 4. Helmholtz-Nachwuchsgruppen = Helmholtz Young Investigator Groups 5. Entwicklungen in den Fachbereichen = Progresses in the Scientific Divisions 6. Neue Technologien = New technologies 7. Logistik und Forschungsplattformen = Logistics and research platforms 8. Nationale und internationale Zusammenarbeit = National and international cooperation 9. Mariner Umweltschutz = Marine environmental protection 10. Wissenschaftliches Rechenzentrum = Scientific data processing centre 11. Bibliothek = Library 12. Technologietransfer = Technology transfer 13. Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit = Public relations department 14. Schulprojekt = School project 15. Personeller Aufbau und Haushaltsentwicklung = Personnel structure and budget trends 16. Veröffentlichungen, Patente = Publications, patents Anhang = Annex , Text in deutscher und englischer Sprache

Note: Contents List of contributors Introduction Part I Geophysical methods 1 Electrical methods / C. Kneisel and C. Hauck 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Measurement principles 1.3 Data acquisition 1.4 Data processing 1.5 Periglacial applications and particularities 1.6 Conclusions 1.7 Checklist References 2 Electromagnetic methods / A. Hardt and C. Hauck 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Background 2.3 Periglacial applications and particularities 2.4 Conclusions 2.5 Checklist References 3 Refraction seismics / L. Schrott and T. Hoffmann 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Measurement principles 3.3 Limitations of seismic refraction based on measurement principles 3.4 Data acquisition 3.5 Data processing 3.6 Periglacial applications and particularities 3.7 Checklist References 4 Ground-penetrating radar / I. Berthling and K. Melvold 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Measurement principles 4.3 Data acqusition 4.4 Data processing 4.5 Periglacial applications and particularities 4.6 Recommendations References Part Il Case studies 5 Typology of vertical electrical soundings for permafrost/ground ice investigation in the forefields of small alpine glaciers / R. Delaloye and C. Lambiel 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Method 5.3 Typology 5.4 Conclusions References 6 ERT imaging for frozen ground detection / M. Ishikawa 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Data acquisition and quality control 6.3 Case studies 6.4 Summary References 7 Electrical resistivity values of frozen soil from YES and TEM field observations and laboratory experiments / K. Harada 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Methods 7.3 Results 7.4 Summary References 8 Results of geophysical surveys on Kasprowy Wierch, the Tatra Mountains, Poland / W. Dobinski, B. Zogala, K. Wzietek and L. Litwin 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Field site 8.3 Methods 8.4 Measurements 8.5 Analysis and interpretation of the measurements 8.6 Conclusions References 9 Reassessment of DC resistivity in rock glaciers by comparing with P-wave velocity: a case study in the Swiss Alps / A. Ikeda 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Methods 9.3 Field sites with borehole information 9.4 Results 9.5 Discussion 9.6 Conclusions References 10 Quantifying the ice content in low-altitude scree slopes using geophysical methods / C. Hauck and C. Kneisel 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Methods 10.3 Field sites 10.4 Results 10.5 Discussion and conclusions References 11 The use of GPR in determining talus thickness and talus structure / O. Sass 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Study sites and data acquisition 11.3 Results 11.4 Conclusions References 12 GPR soundings of rock glaciers on Svalbard / I. Berthling, B. Etzelmüller, H. Farbrot, K. Isaksen, M. Wåle and R. Ødegård 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Methods 12.3 Results and interpretation 12.4 Discussion References 13 Arctic glaciers and ground-penetrating radar. Case study: Stagnation Glacier, Bylot Island, Canada / T. Irvine-Fynn and B. Moorman 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Field site 13.3 Field methods 13.4 Processing methods 13.5 Results 13.6 Discussion 13.7 Conclusions References 14 Mapping of subglacial topography using GPR for determining subglacial hydraulic conditions / K. Melvold and T. V. Schuler 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Field site 14.3 Methodology 14.4 Results 14.5 Discussion 14.6 Conclusions References 15 Snow measurements using GPR: example from Amundsenisen, Svalbard / K. Melvold 15.1 Introduction 15.2 GPR and GPS equipment and measurements 15:3 Data processing 15.4 Results and discussion 15.5 Conclusions References 16 Mapping frazil ice conditions in rivers using ground penetrating radar / I. Berthling, H. Benjaminsen and A. Kvambekk 16J Introduction 16.2 Setting and field procedures 16.3 Results 16.4 Discussion 16.5 Conclusions References Contents Appendix Tables of geophysical parameters for periglacial environments Index

Note: Inhalt: Vorwort. - Vorwort zur 2.Auflage. - TEIL I GRUNDLAGEN DER HISTORISCHEN KLIMAFORSCHUNG. - Klima in Perspektive: Eine Einführung. - Begründung und Forschungsansätze. - Forschungssituation in Mitteleuropa. - Auf Spurensuche: Quellen, Daten und Zitate. - Chroniken und Annalen: Die ersten Spuren von Wetter, Witterung und Klima. - Quelleninformation - Quellenbezug - Quellenkompilation: Die Dhein-Chronik. - Als das Wetter zum täglichen Ereignis wurde: Wetterjournale. - Vom Wetter auf See: Schiffsjournale. - Vom Wetter unterwegs: Itinerare. - Wetter nach Maß: Die Anfänge der Instrumentenmessung. - Gemalt, gepinselt und gehämmert: Bildhafte und plastische Informationen zum historischen Klima. - Klima auf Umwegen: Proxydaten. - Methoden zur Klimarekonstruktion. - "Hat man mir wahrhafftiglich versicheret": Die quellenkritische Interpretation von schriftlichen Quellenhinweisen. - Klima-, Witterungs- und Wettervorstellungen: Ein Beitrag zur Quellenkritik. - Quelle - Index - Klimawert: Die Transformation schriftlicher Klimahinweise. - Tägliche Wetteraufzeichnungen: Rückblicke der besonderen Art. - Historische Instrumentenmessdaten: Ein Brückenschlag zur Moderne. - Proxydaten: Ihre klimatische Interpretation. - Methoden: Eine Nachbetrachtung. - HISKLID: Aufbau und Struktur der Historischen Klimadatenbank. - TEIL II HITZE, FLUTEN, EIS UND STURM IM SPIEGELBILD DER QUELLEN. - Vom Optimum der Römerzeit über das Pessimum der Völkerwanderung ins Mittelalterliche Wärmeoptimum. - Prolog zum Mittelalterlichen Wärmeoptimum. - Das Klima von 1000 bis 1500. - Warme Zeiten - kalte Zeiten: Die Sommerverhältnisse von 1000 und 1500. - Aus der Kältekammer ins Treibhausklima: Die Winterverhältnisse von 1000 bis 1500. - Im Märzen der Bauer? Die Frühlingsverhältnisse von 1000 bis 1500. - Altweibersommer oder Herbststürme? Die Herbstverhältnisse von 1000 bis 1500. - Das Klima von 1500 bis 2000. - Der jährliche Witterungsgang von 1500 bis 1750. - Zur Kleinen Eiszeit - ein Epilog. - Aus der Kleinen Eiszeit ins Treibhausklima: Die Verhältnisse ab 1750. - Die derzeitigen Folgen. - Der Klimagang der letzten 1000 Jahre - eine Zusammenschau. - Der methodische Weg. - Zum Klimaverlauf ab dem Jahr 1000. - Zur Frage der Steuerungsmechanismen. - Klimarekonstruktionen und -simulationen der letzten 1000 Jahre auf der Basis von naturwissenschaftlichen Daten. - Wenn sich Wetter und Klima zur Katastrophe auswachsen. - Unwetter über Mitteleuropa. - Gewitter in Mitteleuropa. - Stürme und Orkane über Deutschland. - Die Sturmfluten an der deutschen Nord- und Ostseeküste. - Hochwasserereignisse an deutschen Flüssen. - Historische Hochwasser und Atmosphärische Zirkulationsdynamik. - Jahrhundert- und Jahrtausendhochwasser. - Höhenrauch - Sommerhitze - Winterstrenge - Hochwasser: Vier Schritte in die Katastrophe. - Die Hochwasserkatastrophe von 1824 am Neckar und aktuelle planerische Konsequenzen. - Klimakatastrophen in Mitteleuropa: Eine Nachlese. - Die zukünftige Entwicklung des Klimas und die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels in Mitteleuropa. - Die ökonomischen Folgen. - Erkenntniswege zum Treibhausklima. - Die historische Entwicklung des politischen Handlungsrahmens. - 1200 Jahre Klimageschichte: Ein Resümee. - Anhang. - Abkürzungen. - Literaturverzeichnis. - Sachregister. - Ortsregister.

Note: Contents: Preface. - NICOP Sponsors. - Deep Permafrost Studies at the Lupin Mine: Hydrogeological and Geochemical Information for Nuclear Waste Disposal / L. Ahonen, T. Ruskeeniemi, R. Stotler, S. Frape, K. Lehto, I. Puigdomenech, M. Hobbs, and P. Degnan. - Effect of Fire on Pond Dynamics in Regions of Discontinuous Permafrost: A State of Change Following the Fires of 2004 and 2005? / G. Altmann, D. Verbyla, K. Yoshikawa, and J. Fox. - Cryological Status of Russian Soils: Cartographic Assessment / T.V. Ananko, D.E. Konyushkov, and E.M. Naumov. - Acoustical Surveys of Methane Plumes Using the Quantitative Echo Sounder in the Japan Sea / C. Aoyama, R. Matsumoto, M. Hiromatsu, and G. Snyder. - Permafrost Delineation Near Fairbanks, Alaska, Using Geophysical Techniques / B.N. Astley and A.J. Delaney. - Preparatory Work for a Permanent Geoelectrical Measurement Station for Permafrost Monitoring at the Hoher Sonnblick, Austria / M. Avian, A. Kellerer-Pirklbauer, A. Römer, and R. Supper. - A Provisional Soil Map of the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica / M.R. Balks, M. McLeod, and J.G. Bockheim. - Martian Permafrost Depths from Orbital Neutron and Temperature Measurements / J.L. Bandfield and W.C. Feldman. - Time Series Analyses of Active Microwave Satellite Data for Monitoring of Hydrology at High Latitudes / A. Bartsch. - Impact of Permafrost Degradation on Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks Related to Pedogenesis and Ecosystem Functioning / F. Baumann, J-S. He, P. Kühn, and T. Scholten. - DC Resistivity Soundings Across a Pebbly Rock Glacier, Kapp Linné, Svalbard / I. Berthling and H. Juliussen. - Modeling Thermal and Moisture Regimes of Permafrost with New Deep Soil Configuration in CLASS / J-P. Blanchette, L. Sushama, and R. Laprise. - A Provisional Permafrost Map of the Transantarctic Mountains / J.G. Bockheim, M. McLeod, and M.R. Balks. - Alpine Permafrost Distribution at Massif Scale: Assessment of Mean Surface Temperatures During the Winter Equilibrium Period Thanks to Topoclimatic and Geomorphological Data (Combeynot Massif, French Alps) / X. Bodin, P. Schoeneich, and M. Fort. - Cryogenic Formations of the Caucasus and the Significance of Their Impact on the Natural Phenomena of the Region / I.V. Bondyrev. - Modeling Potential Climatic Change Impacts on Mountain Permafrost Distribution, Wolf Creek, Yukon, Canada / P.P. Bonnaventure and A.G. Lewkowicz. - A Hypothesis: A Condition of Growth of Thick Ice Wedges / A. Brouchkov. - Modeled Continual Surface Water Storage Change of the Yukon River Basin / R. Bryan, L.D. Hinzman, and R.C. Busey. - Freeze/Thaw Properties of Tundra Soils, with Applications to Trafficability on the North Slope, Alaska / C.F. Bryant, R.F. Paetzold, and M.R. Lilly. - Discontinuous Permafrost Distribution and Groundwater Flow at a Contaminated Site in Fairbanks, Alaska / A.E. Carlson and D.L. Barnes. - Thermal Regime Within an Arctic Waste Rock Pile: Observations and Implications / J.W. Cassie and L.U. Arenson. - Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Active Layer Development in Permafrost Wetland Systems / C.M. Chiu and L.C. Bowling. - Twelve-Year Thaw Progression Data from Zackenberg, Northeast Greenland / H.H. Christiansen and C. Sigsgård. - Continued Permafrost Warming in Northwest Alaska as Detected by the DOI/GTN-P Borehole Array / G.D. Clow. - Landsliding Following Forest Fire on Permafrost Slopes, Klondike Area, Yukon, Canada / J. Coates and A.G. Lewkowicz. - A Permafrost Model Incorporating Dynamic Variable Soil Depth and Properties / R. Coppell and S. Venevsky. - Seasonal Sources of Soil Respiration from High Arctic Landscapes Dominated by Polar Stripes / C.I. Czimczik, S.E. Trumbore, and J. Welker. - Greenland Permafrost Temperature Simulations / R.P. Daanen, V.E. Romanovsky, S.S. Marchenko, J.H. Christensen, M. Stendel, and T. Ingeman-Nielsen. - The Importance of Snow Cover Evolution in Rock Glacier Temperature Modeling / M. DallAmico, S. Endrizzi, R. Rigon, and S. Gruber. - The Account of Long-Term Air Temperature Changes for Building Design in Permafrost / I.V. Davidova and L.N. Khroustalev. - The Combined Isotopic Analysis of Late Quaternary Ice Wedges and Texture Ice at the Lena-Anabar Lowland, Northern Siberia / A. Dereviagin, H. Meyer, A. Chizhov, and D. Magens. - Adaptating and Managing Nunavik’s Transportation Infrastructure / G. Doré, A. Guimond, and G. Grondin. - Human Experience of Cryospheric Change in Nunavut, Canada: Preliminary Findings / N. Doubleday, S. Donaldson, T. Vlasova, A. Kushwaha, and M. Ip. - HiRISE Observations of Fractured Mounds in the Martian Mid-Latitudes / C.M. Dundas and A.S. McEwen. - A Soil Freeze-Thaw Model Through the Soil Water Characteristic Curve / S. Endrizzi, R. Rigon, and M. DallAmico. - Mapping and Modeling the Distribution of Permafrost in the Nordic Countries / B. Etzelmüller, H. Farbrot, O. Humlum, H. Christiansen, H. Juliussen, K. Isaksen, T.V. Schuler, R.S. Ødegård, and H. Ridefelt. - First Results of Ground Surface Temperature Modeling in Finnmark, Northern Norway / H. Farbrot, B. Etzelmüller, K. Isaksen, T.V. Schuler, O.E. Tveito, and H.H. Christiansen. - Historical Changes in the Seasonally Frozen Ground Regions of the Russian Arctic / O.W. Frauenfeld, T. Zhang, A.J. Etringer, R.G. Barry, and D. Gilichinsky. - Rock Glaciers in the Kåfjord Area, Troms, Northern Norway / R. Frauenfelder, J. Tolgensbakk, H. Farbrot, and T.R. Lauknes. - Snowpack Evolution on Permafrost, Non-Permafrost Soils, and Glaciers in the Monte Rosa Massif (Northwest Alps, Italy) / M. Freppaz, M. Maggioni, S. Gandino, and E. Zanini. - Climate Change in Permafrost Regions in North America / M.K.Gavrilova. - Maximizing Construction Season in a Subarctic Environment, Fort Wainwright, Alaska / Q. Gehring and F.J. Wuttig. - Pleistocene Sand-Wedge, Composite-Wedge, and Complex-Wedge Growth in Flanders, Belgium / G. Ghysels, I. Heyse, J.-P. Buylaert, A.S. Murray, D. Vandenberghe, F. De Corte, and P. Van den haute. - Response of Arctic and Subarctic Soils in a Changing Earth (RASCHER) – Project of IPY: Methodology, Activity, Results / S.V. Goryachkin, J.M. Kimble, N.B. Badmaev, M. Drewnik, D.G. Fedorov-Davydov, S.A. Iglovski, E.M. Lapteva, G.M., Mazhitova, N.S. Mergelov, V.E. Ostroumov, and E-M. Pfeiffer. - Monitoring of the Floodplain Talik Downstream from the Ust’-Srednekan Reservoir / S.A. Guly and V.M. Mikhailov. - Retrogressive Thaw Slump Impacts on Inconnu Spawning Habitat in the Selawik River, Alaska / R. Hander, K. Yoshikawa, and N. OlsonClimatic Change and Permafrost Stability in the Eastern Canadian Cordillera / S.A. Harris. - Idealized Modeling of the Impact of Atmospheric Forcing Variables on Mountain Permafrost Degradation / C. Hauck and N. Salzmann. - A Method for the Analysis of the Thermal Permafrost Dynamics / M.A. Hidalgo, J.J. Blanco, M. Ramos, D. Tomé, and G. Vieira. - Ground Truth Observations of the Interior of a Rock Glacier as Validation for Geophysical Monitoring Datasets / C. Hilbich, I. Roer, and C. Hauck. - Internal Structure of Rock Glacier Murtèl Delineated by Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Forward/Inverse Modeling / C. Hilbich. - Permafrost Degradation Beneath a Heat-Producing Coal Waste Rock Pile, Svalbard (78°N) / J. Hollesen and B. Elberling. - Patterns in Soil Carbon Distribution in the Usa Basin (Russia): Linking Soil Properties to Environmental Variables in Constrained Gradient Analysis / G. Hugelius and P. Kuhry. - Total Storage and Landscape Distribution of Soil Carbon in the Central Canadian Arctic Using Different Upscaling Tools / G. Hugelius, P. Kuhry, C. Tarnocai, and T. Virtanen. - Liquid Water Destabilizes Frozen Debris Slope at the Melting Point: A Case Study of a Rock Glacier in the Swiss Alps / A. Ikeda and N. Matsuoka. - TSP NORWAY – Thermal Monitoring of Mountain Permafrost in Northern Norway / K. Isaksen, H. Farbrot, B. Etzelmüller, H.H. Christiansen, L.H. Blikra, K. Midttømme, and J.S. Rønning. - Mapping the Mountain Permafrost in Areas Surrounding

Note: Ungezählte Beil. ab 2010: Special , Ersch. jährl. 4x

Note: Contents: Preface. - 1 Getting Started. - 2 Essentials of the R Language. - 3 Data Input. - 4 Dataframes. - 5 Graphics. - 6 Tables. - 7 Mathematics. - 8 Classical Tests. - 9 Statistical Modelling. - 10 Regression. - 11 Analysis of Variance. - 12 Analysis of Covariance. - 13 Generalized Linear Models. - 14 Count Data. - 15 Count Data in Tables. - 16 Proportion Data. - 17 Binary Response Variables. - 18 Generalized Additive Models. - 19 Mixed-Effects Models. - 20 Non-linear Regression. - 21 Tree Models. - 22 Time Series Analysis. - 23 Multivariate Statistics. - 24 Spatial Statistics. - 25 Survival Analysis. - 26 Simulation Models. - 27 Changing the Look of Graphics. - References and Further Reading. - Index.

Note: Zugl.: Bielefeld, Univ., Diss., 2007 u.d.T.: Buchholz, Kai: Voraussetzungen und Widersprüche der wissenschaftlichen Politikberatung

Note: Conents: PART I FIELD GUIDE TO PERMAFROST, PERIGlACIAL, AND QUATERNARY HISTORY SITES NEAR FAIRBANKS, ALASKA. - Site 1 Thompson Drive / Doug Goering. - Site 2 The Fairbanks Permafrost Experiment Station, Alaska - Historical highlights / Karen S. Henry, Kevin Bjella and Thomas A. Douglas. - Site 3 Trans Alaska Pipeline and Permafrost / Elden Johnson. - Site 4 Studying the effectiveness of an underground adjustable Foundation on alleviating the problems associated with building on permafrost / Danielle L. Jamieson and Michael R. Lilly. - Site 5 Sunnyside House - Building on Permafrost: failures and solutions / Michael R. Lilly and Dennis Filler. - Site 6 O'Connor Creek Pingos / Kenji Yoshikawa. - Site 7 Murphy Dome / De Anne S. P. Stevens. - Site 8 Gold Hill / James E. Beget, David Stone, Paul Layer, Jeffrey Benowitz, and Jason Addison. - Site 9 Thermokarst pits and fens in Goldstream Valley / Torre Jorgenson. - Site 10 Great Northwest Peat Mine / Kenji Yoshikawa and Vladimir Romonovsky. - Site 11 GeoData Center - Map Office - Alaska Satellite Facility User Services Office / Patricia Burns. - Site 12 Thermokarst and drunken forest / Katey Walters. - Site 13 Late-Pleistocene Syngenetic Permafrost in the CRREL Permafrost Tunnel, Fox, Alaska / M. Z. Kanevskiy, H. M. French, and Y. L. Shur (eds.). - Site 14 Thermokarst lakes and methane emissions / Katey Walter. - PART II PERMAFROST FEATURES IN CARIBOU-POKER CREEKS RESEARCH WATERSHED (CPCRW) AND ENVIRONS OF FAIRBANKS, ALASKA / KENJI YOSHIKAWA, VLADIMIR ROMANOVSKY, LES VIERECK, AND LARRY HINZMAN. - Stop 1 Pearl Creek Elementary School Permafrost / Active Layer Monitoring Site (active layer, permafrost temperature). - Stop 2 Goldstream Creek tussock tundra (permafrost condition and Holocene ice wedge). - Stop 3 O'Connor Creek pingo site (open system pingo). - Stop 4 Fox gold mining site permafrost outcrop (Pleistocene ice wedge). - Stop 5 Chatanika (gold mine and convection heat transfer). - Stop 6 Caribou Poker Creeks Research Watershed oil spill experiments: oil spill and frost fire experiments. - Stop 7 Aufeis (icing) and permafrost hydrology. - Stop 8 Caribou Poker Creeks Research Watershed fire impact / thermokarst developments. - Stop 9 Isabella Creek bog lake. - Stop 10 Grenac Creek (Farmer's loop) pingo.

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: Contents: 1:Introduction ; 2:The Spatial Equilibrium Within the City ; 3:The Spatial Equilibrium Across ; 4:Agglomeration Economies ; 5:Urban Distress ; 6:Cities and Public Policy

Note: ""Preface""; ""Acknowledgments""; ""Contents""; ""Chapter 1 Structure and Composition of the Lower and Middle Atmosphere""; ""Chapter 2 Radiative Processes in the Lower and Middle Atmosphere""; ""Chapter 3 Dynamics of the Troposphere and Stratosphere""; ""Chapter 4 Waves in the Troposphere and Stratosphere""; ""Chapter 5 Chemical Processes in the Stratosphere and Troposphere""; ""Chapter 6 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Antarctic Ozone Hole""; ""Chapter 7 Transport Processes in the Stratosphere and Troposphere""; ""Chapter 8 Stratosphere�Troposphere Exchange"". , ""Chapter 9 Stratospheric Influence on Tropospheric Weather and Climate""""Acronyms""; ""List of Symbols""; ""Table of Physical Constants""; ""Answers to Selected Problems""; ""Index"".