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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Wien : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar] ; 22.1910/25(1925),3; 23.1914/31(1929/31),2-3; 24.1927,1-2; 25.1939,1; 26.1948,1; 27.1971-Band 76 (2022)
    Call number: S 91.1179
    ISSN: 0375-5797 , 0378-0864
    Parallel Title: 35=2 von European Conodont Symposium (ZDB) Guidebook, abstracts / European Conodont Symposium
    Parallel Title: 41=2 von Workshop on Agglutinated Foraminifera (ZDB) Proceedings / Workshop on Agglutinated Foraminifera. Geologische Bundesanstalt
    Parallel Title: 39=3 von International Nannoplankton Association Proceedings of the ... International Nannoplankton Association conference
    Parallel Title: 60=11 von Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften. Fachsektion GeoTop Internationale Jahrestagung der Fachsektion GeoTop der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften
    Former Title: Vorg. Geologische Reichsanstalt Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, Wien
    Subsequent Title: Fortgesetzt durch Abhandlungen
    Language: German
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    [Edgecumbe, N.Z.] : A. Muller
    Call number: M 15.89146
    Description / Table of Contents: An account of the results of the 2 March 1987 earthquake in the eastern Bay of Plenty and the aftermath's effects on the people and places on the Rangitaiki Plains
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 223 S., , Ill.
    Language: English
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Call number: AWI A3-20-93434-2
    In: Meteorologische Abhandlungen / Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Freien Universität Berlin, Band XXXII, Heft 2
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 218 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Meteorologische Abhandlungen / Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Freien Universität Berlin 32,2
    Language: German
    Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG
    Location: AWI Reading room
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 4
    Call number: IASS 15.89494
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: Losebl.-Ausg.
    Edition: Stand: Oktober 2010
    ISBN: 9783768501828
    Language: German
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 5
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Garmisch-Partenkirchen : Institut für atmosphärische Umweltforschung der Fraunhofer- Gesellschaft
    Call number: MOP 44829 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 25 S. , graph. Darst.
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 6
    Call number: (DE-599)GBV03709842X
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Language: German
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 7
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Stuttgart : Schweizerbart Science Publishers ; Volume 1, number 1 (1978)-
    Call number: M 18.91571
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 134 Seiten
    ISSN: 2363-7196
    Series Statement: Global tectonics and metallogeny : special issue Vol. 10/2-4
    Classification:
    Tectonics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global tectonics and metallogeny
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 8
    Call number: AWI A3-20-93434
    In: Meteorologische Abhandlungen / Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Freien Universität Berlin, Band XXXII, Heft 1
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 121 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Meteorologische Abhandlungen / Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Freien Universität Berlin 32,1
    Language: German
    Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG
    Location: AWI Reading room
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 9
    Journal available for loan
    Journal available for loan
    Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck ; 1.1884 - 48.1931; N.F. 1.1932/33 - 10.1943/44(1945),3; 11.1948/49(1949) -
    Call number: ZS 22.95039
    Type of Medium: Journal available for loan
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1614-0974 , 0015-2218 , 0015-2218
    Language: German , English
    Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-04-05
    Description: Abstract The novel 10Be (meteoric)/9Be system, where 10Be is delivered by precipitation and stable 9Be is released by weathering, provides denudation rates over weathering‐erosion timescales. The new tool is applicable to quartz‐poor lithologies, for example, mafic rock and claystone, which are not readily accessible by the commonly used in situ‐produced 10Be in quartz. We provide a first application of this proxy to a tectonically active mountainous river, the Zhuoshui River in Taiwan. Taiwan Rivers supply a disproportionately high suspended and dissolved flux to the oceans and are often underlain by fine‐grained shale/slate. 10Be (meteoric)/9Be‐derived denudation rates (Dmet) from the Zhuoshui Catchment are highest in the slate‐dominated headwaters (4–8 mm/year), and much lower (1–2 mm/year) along the midlower reaches with mixed lithologies. At the basin‐wide scale, we find a poor correlation between Dmet and basin‐averaged channel steepness despite a small climatic gradient. Because large lithological heterogeneities exist in this basin, we invoke a lithological effect to explain this poor correlation. Relying on a revised stream power incision model that incorporates rock erodibility, the resulting lithology‐ and runoff‐adjusted ksn (kLrsn) can be reconciled with denudation rates with the highest erodibility predicted to prevail in the Miocene slate of low metamorphic grade and high fracture density. This model suggests that the lithological heterogeneity can alter the coupling between surface denudation and channel morphology. On a broader perspective, the successful application of the 10Be (meteoric)/9Be proxy shows its applicability as a tracer for erosion and sediment transport processes in fast‐eroding mountain belts underlain by slate lithologies.
    Description: Key Points 10Be (meteoric)/9Be ratios quantify fast denudation of slate regions in Taiwan Topographic metrics and denudation rates show different spatial patterns Lithologic variability alters coupling between denudation rates and ksn, based on a revised stream power model including rock erodibility
    Description: Freie Universität Berlin‐China Scholarship Council PhD Program
    Description: National Natural Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
    Keywords: ddc:551.3
    Language: English
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2022-03-25
    Description: Cold-pool-driven convective initiation is investigated in high-resolution, convection-permitting simulations with a focus on the diurnal cycle and organization of convection and the sensitivity to grid size. Simulations of four different days over Germany were performed using the ICON-LEM model with grid sizes from 156 to 625 m. In these simulations, we identify cold pools, cold-pool boundaries and initiated convection. Convection is triggered much more efficiently in the vicinity of cold pools than in other regions and can provide as much as 50% of total convective initiation, in particular in the late afternoon. By comparing different model resolutions, we find that cold pools are more frequent, smaller and less intense in lower-resolution simulations. Furthermore, their gust fronts are weaker and less likely to trigger new convection. To identify how model resolution affects this triggering probability, we use a linear causal graph analysis. In doing so, we postulate a graph structure with potential causal pathways and then apply multi-linear regression accordingly. We find a dominant, systematic effect: reducing grid sizes directly reduces upward mass flux at the gust front, which causes weaker triggering probabilities. These findings are expected to be even more relevant for km-scale, numerical weather prediction models. We thus expect that a better representation of cold-pool-driven convective initiation will improve forecasts of convective precipitation.
    Keywords: ddc:551.6
    Language: English
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2022-03-25
    Description: Reliable and accurate weather forecasts, particularly those of rainfall and its extremes, have the potential to improve living conditions in densely populated southern West Africa (SWA). The limited availability of observations has long impeded a rigorous evaluation of current state-of-the-art forecast models. The field campaign of the Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) project in June–July 2016 has created an unprecedentedly dense set of measurements from surface stations and radiosondes. Here we present results from a comprehensive evaluation of both numerical model forecasts and satellite products using these data on a regional and local level. Results reveal a substantial observational uncertainty showing considerable underestimations in satellite estimates of rainfall and low-cloud cover with little correlation at the local scale. Models have a dry bias of 0.1–1.9 mm·day−1 in rainfall and too low column relative humidity. They tend to underestimate low clouds, leading to excess surface solar radiation of 43 W·m−2. Remarkably, most models show some skill in representing regional modulations of rainfall related to synoptic-scale disturbances, while local variations in rainfall and cloudiness are hardly captured. Slightly better results are found with respect to temperature and for the post-onset rather than for the pre-onset period. Delicate local features such as the Maritime Inflow phenomenon are also rather poorly represented, leading to too cool, dry and cloudy conditions at the coast. Differences between forecast days 1 and 2 are relatively small and hardly systematic, suggesting a relatively quick error saturation. Using explicit convection leads to more realistic spatial variability in rainfall, but otherwise no marked improvement. Future work should aim at improving the subtle balance between the diurnal cycles of low clouds, surface radiation, the boundary layer and convection. Further efforts are also needed to improve the observational system beyond field campaign periods.
    Keywords: ddc:551.6
    Language: English
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2022-03-25
    Description: We revisit the linear boundary-layer approximation that expresses a generalized Ekman balance and use it to clarify a range of interpretations in the previous literature on the tropical cyclone boundary layer. Some of these interpretations relate to the reasons for inflow in the boundary layer and others relate to the presumed effects of inertial stability on boundary-layer dynamics. Inertial stability has been invoked, for example, to explain aspects of boundary-layer behaviour, including the frontogenetic nature of the boundary layer and its relationship to vortex spin-up. Our analysis exposes the fallacy of invoking inertial stability as a resistance to radial inflow in the boundary layer. The analysis shows also that the nonlinear acceleration terms become comparable to the linear Coriolis acceleration terms in relatively narrow vortices that are inertially stable above the boundary layer. Estimates of the nonlinear accelerations using the linear solutions are expected to underestimate the actual contribution in a nonlinear boundary-layer model, cautioning against neglecting the nonlinear terms in diagnostic or prognostic models.
    Keywords: ddc:551.5
    Language: English
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2022-04-22
    Description: Quantitative environmental assessments are crucial in working effectively towards sustainable production and consumption patterns. Over the last decades, life cycle assessments (LCA) have been established as a viable means of measuring the environmental impacts of products along the supply chain. In regard to user and consumption patterns, however, methodological weaknesses have been reported and, several attempts have been made to improve LCA accordingly, for example, by including higher order effects and behavioural science support. In a discussion of such approaches, we show that there has been no explicit attention to the concepts of consumption, often leading to product-centred assessments. We introduce social practice theories in order to make consumption patterns accessible to LCA. Social practices are routinised actions comprising interconnected elements (materials, competences, and meanings), which make them conceivable as one entity (e.g. cooking). Because most social practices include some sort of consumption (materials, energy, air), we were able to develop a framework which links social practices to the life cycle inventory of LCA. The proposed framework provides a new perspective of quantitative environmental assessments by switching the focus from products or users to social practices. Accordingly, we see the opportunity in overcoming the reductionist view that people are just users of products, and instead we see them as practitioners in social practises. This change could enable new methods of interdisciplinary research on consumption, integrating intend-oriented social sciences and impact-oriented assessments. However, the framework requires further revision and, especially, empirical validation.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2022-04-22
    Description: The paper provides an integrated assessment of environmental and socio-economic effects arising from final consumption of food products by European households. Direct and indirect effects accumulated along the global supply chain are assessed by applying environmentally extended input-output analysis (EE-IOA). EXIOBASE 3.4 database is used as a source of detailed information on environmental pressures and world input-output transactions of intermediate and final goods and services. An original methodology to produce detailed allocation matrices to link IO data with household expenditure data is presented and applied. The results show a relative decoupling between environmental pressures and consumption over time and shows that European food consumption generates relatively less environmental pressures outside Europe (due to imports) than average European consumption. A methodological framework is defined to analyze the main driving forces by means of a structural decomposition analysis (SDA). The results of the SDA highlight that while technological developments and changes in the mix of consumed food products result in reductions in environmental pressures, this is offset by growth in consumption. The results highlight the importance of directing specific research and policy efforts towards food consumption to support the transition to a more sustainable food system in line with the objectives of the EU Farm to Fork Strategy.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: Industrial demand response can play an important part in balancing the intermittent production from a growing share of renewable energies in electricity markets. This paper analyses the role of aggregators - intermediaries between participants and power markets - in facilitating industrial demand response. Based on the results from semi-structured interviews with German demand response aggregators, as well as a wider stakeholder online survey, we examine the role of aggregators in overcoming barriers to industrial demand response. We find that a central role for aggregators is to raise awareness for the potentials of demand response, as well as to support implementation by engaging key actors in industrial companies. Moreover, we develop a taxonomy that helps analyse how the different functional roles of aggregators create economic value. We find that there is considerable heterogeneity in the kind of services that aggregators offer, many of which do create significant economic value. However, some of the functional roles that aggregators currently fill may become obsolete once market barriers to demand response are reduced or knowledge on demand response becomes more diffused.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die Forcierung des Wandels der Prozessqualität von Gas hin zu klimaneutralem Gas steht an, das wird auch gegenwärtig an mehreren Stellen vorbereitet. Diese Initiativen haben komplementär zueinander zu sein, die Komposition der Maßnahmen aber ist noch nicht stimmig. Die Abstimmung in einem umfassenden Masterplan fehlt.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Any energy efficiency impact evaluation can be done from different analytical perspectives, e.g. the investor/end-user perspective, program administrator perspective or the societal perspective. COMBI applies the "societal perspective", as this is most relevant for policy-making. COMBI draws on a reference scenario until the year 2030 including existing (partially already ambitious) policies. By modelling 21 sets of "energy efficiency improvement" (EEI) actions, a second efficiency scenario was modelled amounting to additional energy savings of around 8% p.a. in 2030, that is comparable to the EUCO+33 to EUCO+35 scenario. This D2.7 quantification report summarises the quantification approaches applied in the COMBI project and main project findings. It therefore draws on other COMBI reports that contain this information in greater detail in order to summarise quantifications. The report is structured in three main sections: 1. The COMBI approach and methods, explaining key methodological approaches both for individual impact quantifications and for the aggregation of impacts 2. Quantification results, giving an overview on main figures of quantified indicators and 3. Insights from cross-impact analysis, which gives a comparison between monetised impacts and presents their use for Cost-Benefit calculations in the COMBI online tool.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die Erkenntnisse der Klimaforschung sind eindeutig: Um das im Pariser Klimaabkommen vereinbarte Ziel der Begrenzung der Erderwärmung auf "deutlich unter 2 °C" noch einhalten zu können, müssen die globalen Treibhausgasemissionen umgehend ihren Scheitelpunkt erreichen und anschließend kontinuierlich und steil zurückgehen. Dies gilt umso mehr für die ebenfalls im Pariser Klimaabkommen vereinbarte Absicht, die Erwärmung möglichst sogar unter 1,5 °C zu halten. Durch eine entsprechende Begrenzung der Erderwärmung kann nach aktuellem Wissensstand die Gefahr des Auslösens gefährlicher Kipppunkte und einer sich selbst verstärkenden Erwärmung deutlich vermindert werden.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Jede Kostform hat Auswirkungen auf den individuellen Gesundheitsstatus, die Umwelt und soziale Aspekte. Insbesondere ökologische und soziale Belange werden im Alltag der Außer-Haus-Verpflegung in der Regel nur vage abgeschätzt, eine systematische Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung von Speisen findet zumeist nicht statt. Seit Mai 2018 unterstützt der hier vorgestellte Menü-Rechner Akteure in unterschiedlichen Verpflegungseinrichtungen bei der Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung. Das Instrument wurde im Rahmen des NAHGAST-Projektes (www.nahgast.de) in Kooperation mit fünf Praxispartnern entwickelt und durch insgesamt 120 Rezepturen getestet und validiert. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über Nachhaltigkeitsbewertungen ausgewählter Rezepturen (Gerichte mit Fisch und Fleisch, sowie vegetarische und vegane Gerichte) und stellt heraus, welche Effekte sich für die ökologische, gesundheitliche und soziale Dimension zeigen.
    Keywords: ddc:640
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: In Reallaboren erproben Menschen zukunftsfähige Lebensstile und Wirtschaftsformen. Aber was wird aus den Gruppen, Produkten und Infrastrukturen nach Abschluss der Projekte? Das Potenzial der Commons-Forschung für die Postwachstumsgesellschaft ist groß - und noch lange nicht ausgeschöpft.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Organic waste to energy (OWtE) technologies have been developed and implemented in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries. However, they are still far away to significantly contribute not only to treat the ever-increasing waste volumes in the region but also to supply the regional energy demand and meet national carbon emission goals. The technical complexity of these technologies aligned with lack of research, high investment costs and political deficiencies have not allowed for an appropriate implementation of OWtE in the region, where the applicability of large-scale plants remains to be demonstrated. This research presents the state-of-the art of OWtE technologies in the context of the LAC countries based on archival research method. In addition, it presents challenges and opportunities that the region is facing for an adequate implementation of these technologies. The main findings show that OWtE have the potential to improve waste and energy systems in the region by reducing environmental impacts along with a series of social and economic benefits, such as increasing access to a sustainable energy supply. Diverse researches indicate principally anaerobic digestion, fermentation (e.g. 2G bioethanol, etc.), microbial fuel cells, gasification and pyrolysis as efficient technologies to treat solid organic wastes and produce bioenergy.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The study sheds light on the background of the prevention of plastic waste from packaging and disposable products by explaining the need for action, the environmental impacts and risks to human health. Experiences of the members of the PREVENT Waste Alliance and their partners in the prevention of plastic waste by multi-actor partnerships are presented by means of 17 best practice examples. Finally, the study gives recommendations for the reduction of plastic waste and the further work of the PREVENT Waste Alliance. These include success factors for waste prevention, necessary next steps and conclusions regarding the necessary political framework conditions.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Kommunen und kommunale Unternehmen können ihre Vorbildfunktion in einer integrierten Stadt- und Verkehrsplanung nutzen, indem sie die Elektrifizierung ihrer Flotte an leichten Nutzfahrzeugen voranbringen. Das kann die Treibhausgasemissionen und Stickstoffdioxidemissionen mindern und einer nachhaltigen Verkehrsentwicklung dienen. Klimaschutz durch Minderung der Kohlendioxidemissionen und Gesundheitsschutz durch Minderung der Stickstoffdioxidemissionen sind zwei zentrale Gründe für eine Flottenwende - auch bei den leichten Nutzfahrzeugen.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Der vorliegende Bericht ist Band 4 der abschließenden Berichterstattung zum Projekt "Erfolgsbedingungen für Systemsprünge und Leitbilder einer Ressourcenleichten Gesellschaft". Es zeigt sich, dass in der Gesellschaft heute schon ein ausgeprägtes Bewusstsein für die Notwendigkeit des schonenden Umgangs mit natürlichen Ressourcen existiert. Gleichzeitig bestehen aber zahlreiche Ungewissheiten bezüglich der Möglichkeiten, dies umzusetzen. Es werden verschiedenste gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Zwänge wahrgenommen, die einer entsprechenden Umsetzung derzeit entgegenstehen. Insgesamt aber wird in der Gesellschaft eine grundlegende Veränderungs-bereitschaft - oder oftmals eher noch: Veränderungssehnsucht - erkennbar. Als Motive dafür sind neben der Schonung begrenzt vorhandener natürlicher Ressourcen auch eine Entlastung bezüglich (in der Wahrnehmung der Betroffenen) oft ebenfalls bis an Belastbarkeitsgrenzen genutzter menschlicher Ressourcen relevant. Aus der Alltagsperspektive heraus sind in einer Ressourcenleichten Gesellschaft also ökologische und soziale Fragestellungen untrennbar miteinander verbunden.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Wolfgang Sachs wrote a seminal series of essays for the New Internationalist in 1992 called "Development: a guide to the ruins". The concept of development lives on - and takes on new shapes as it is reframed by the UN, reinterpreted by the Vatican or hijacked by authoritarian populists to serve their own nationalist agenda. But, he argues now, we need to move beyond its misguided assumptions into a new post-development era based on eco-solidarity.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Das Ziel der Energiewende - ein sicheres, umweltverträgliches und ökonomisch erfolgreiches Energiesystem - birgt diverse Herausforderungen. Diese umfassen die Erreichung der Klimaneutralität, den Umstieg auf erneuerbare Energieträger in allen Sektoren (inkl. Schwerlast- und Flugverkehr sowie industrielle Prozesswärme) als auch deren gegenseitige Integration. Bioenergie kann hierzu einen multiplen Beitrag leisten, sowie negative Emissionen bereitstellen und darüber hinaus auch Beiträge jenseits des Energiesystems erbringen, wie Naturschutz, ländliche Entwicklung, oder die Bereitstellung von biogenem CO2 als Rohstoff für die chemische Industrie. Somit ist Bioenergie ein unverzichtbarer Bestandteil für die Lösung der Herausforderungen in der Transformation zu einem nachhaltigen Energiesystem. Gegenwärtig stellt Bioenergie mit dem größten Anteil an erneuerbaren Energien im Primärenergieverbrauch (60 %) als auch im Endenergieverbrauch (53 %), mehr als alle anderen erneuerbaren Energieträger zusammen. Dabei bestehen Unterschiede zwischen den Endenergiesektoren: während Bioenergie in der Bruttostromerzeugung 24 % des erneuerbaren Stroms deckt, dominiert sie die erneuerbare Bereitstellung von Wärme mit 86 % als auch den erneuerbaren Endenergieverbrauch im Verkehrssektor mit 88 % in 2018. Aufgrund der Bedeutung von Bioenergie heute werden Beispiele vorgestellt, welche einen zukünftigen multipleren Systembeitrag von Bioenergie fokussieren.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 28
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Much of the current literature on climate clubs sees mitigation costs creating free rider incentives as the main problem of climate policy. Climate clubs are supposed to solve this problem by creating additional incentives for mitigation. Looking more in detail, one sees that the situation differs from sector to sector. Some industry sectors indeed have substantial cost and competitiveness issues. In others such as electricity and transport, there are costs at micro level but balance for economy and society as a whole is rather positive. International climate policy in general and clubs in particular should therefore be tailored to sectoral specifics.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The COMBI project aimed at quantifying the multiple non-energy benefits of energy efficiency in the EU-28 area and incorporate those multiple impacts into decision-support frameworks for policy-making. Therefore, all multiple impacts of energy efficiency are analysed from an overall societal view in the project. The COMBI policy recommendations resulting from the evaluation outcomes are presented in this report. COMBI draws on a reference scenario until the year 2030 including existing policies. By modelling 21 sets of "energy efficiency improvement" (EEI) actions, a second efficiency scenario was modelled amounting to additional energy savings of around 8% p.a. in 2030, and that is comparable to the EUCO+33 to EUCO+35 scenario. All figures quantified by COMBI relate to additional values, i.e. additional impacts resulting from additional EEI actions beyond the reference scenario as a consequence of additional policies. The project quantified in total 31 individual impact indicators with appropriate state-of-the-art models.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Thema des vorliegenden Textes sind Wandlungsprozesse, die - so die Annahme - Voraussetzung sind, um eine ressourcenleichte Gesellschaft zu realisieren. Für den Fall, dass kleine Veränderungen oder Eingriffe nicht ausreichen, sondern vielmehr radikale Veränderungen im systemischen Gefüge erforderlich sind, entwickelt dieser Band das Konzept des "Systemsprungs" und dessen Rolle bei der Realisierung einer Ressourcenleichten Gesellschaft. Als Zugang zur Konzeption des Begriffs dienen bereits existierende Ansätze aus unterschiedlichen wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen. Es erfolgt dann mit der Untersuchung der Transformationsforschung die Bezugnahme auf einen Forschungsansatz, welcher den Übergang zu einer nachhaltigeren Lebensweise bzw. Gesellschaft zu erforschen und - als transformative Forschung - zu gestalten sucht. Kapitel 3 setzt die Diskussion aus dem Blickwinkel der Zukunftsforschung fort und analysiert verschiedene Konzepte von Auslösern radikaler Prozesse des Systemwandels.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: On September 17, 2019, EU Competition Commissioner Margrethe Vestager allowed the electricity company Eon to take over and break up RWE subsidiary Innogy under lenientconditions. But there are numerous experts who have a different opinion and argue that the EU Commission approval is a "decision of enormous importance" that will "fundamentally change the entire sector". The result of this decision is that this mega-deal creates two monolithic giants in the German energy sector with unprecedented market power. If one compares the situation with the purchase of the electricity supplier Nuon by Vattenfall in 2009, questions arise. Back then, the competition authorities forced Vattenfall to divest parts of Nuon's business in individual cities, which resulted in the supplier "lekker energie". Following this example, the competition authorities should have consistently forced Eon to sell parts of the business, such as larger distribution companies. A transaction of this magnitude should always be viewed critically in competition law. The legitimate question therefore arises as to why the German and European competition authorities (the Federal Cartel Office, the Federal Network Agency, the Monopolies Commission and the European Competition Commission) faced this deal with barely audible criticism and why they did not react with far-reaching prohibition requirements. "Competition doubts are certainly justified". Because if the two largest German energy groups completely eliminate each other's competition and completely divide up their business areas among themselves, this will have far-reaching consequences for the energy sector. Especially against the background that the energy transition in Germany has so far been characterised by decentralised structures and civic participation (especially in the case of electricity generation from renewable energies). In this paper, the authors will demonstrate what this Eon/RWE deal means for competition and the energy transition.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The Wuppertal Institute conducted an impact analysis of the NRW Sustainability Bond #4 of 2018 on behalf of the State Government of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). The most recent bond has a volume of EUR 2.025bn, a term of 10 years and consists of 52 eligible projects from the State's 2017 general budget (sustainable value-added was confirmed in a second party opinion by oekom research1). This report analyses the contribution of the bond to climate mitigation, sustainable land use and social impacts. It also includes information on the impacts of the previous three bonds (NRW Sustainability Bond #1 to #3).
    Keywords: ddc:600
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This theory note develops a theoretical approach which integrates the negative spillovers that international institutions often impose on each other into our thinking about their normative legitimacy. Our approach draws on the political philosophy of Rainer Forst which revolves around the right to justification. It suggests that regime complexes facilitate the breakup of institution-specific orders of justification by prompting invested actors to justify negative spillovers vis-a-vis each other. Thus, regime complexes enable more encompassing justifications of negative spillovers than stand-alone international institutions. Against this backdrop, we submit that the proliferation of regime complexes represents normative progress in global governance.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement explicitly acknowledges the need to incentivize and facilitate the participation of private entities in the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), private sector actors had already the opportunity to participate in a new and fast-growing market. However, they faced numerous challenging investment barriers. The study provides an overview on key factors and barriers determining private sector participation in Article 6 mechanisms. It distinguishes between the three topics demand side factors, rules and standards for market mechanisms, and supply side factors and provides for each of them options to mitigate or overcome barriers. In a short analysis, it further explores three of the identified options: - Improving the design and support of national systems and capacities is an important pre-requisite for the private sector to be able to generate and sell ITMOs - The up-scaling of mitigation activities e. g. through (sub-) sector level crediting, and policy crediting helps private sector actors to benefit from economies of scale - Exploring the potential of digitization of measuring, reporting and verification (MRV), e. g. the use of sensors, internet of things, artificial intelligence and blockchain to make the project cycle more efficient and reduce transaction costs. Overall, the report stresses the importance of host country readiness to provide the private sector with a robust and trusted environment that allows for the adoption of Article 6 mechanisms.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Mit der Coronakrise und ihren heute bereits absehbaren verheerenden Auswirkungen auf den globalen Süden taucht plötzlich ein Wort wieder auf, das fast in der Versenkung verschwunden zu sein schien: Entwicklung. Denn genau das ist die Frage - ob es dergleichen, und zwar inzwischen nicht mehr nur für den Süden, sondern auch für den gesamten Globus, noch einmal geben kann, oder ob wir eine weiter zunehmende, fundamentale Disruption der Welt erleben. Allerdings, daran gilt es zu erinnern, war Entwicklung von Beginn an ein Plastikwort gewesen, ein leerer Begriff mit ungewisser positiver Bedeutung. Gleichwohl hat sich Entwicklung als Weltperspektive gehalten, denn sie ist heute in ein internationales Geflecht von Institutionen eingebettet, von den Vereinten Nationen über Ministerien bis hin zu NGOs. Heute gehört Entwicklung zu jenen Zombie-Kategorien, die schon längst verwest sind, aber dennoch als abgedroschene Utopie allenthalben herumgeistern. Scheinbar schon lange zu Grabe getragen, treibt der Begriff wie ein Gespenst seinen Unfug auch noch in der Gegenwart. Und jetzt, in der zweiten Jahreshälfte 2020, kommt das Schlüsselwort wieder zu zweifelhafter Ehre, jährt sich doch zum fünften Mal die Verkündigung der päpstlichen Enzyklika "Laudato si'", die Agenda 2030 der Vereinten Nationen mit den Sustainable Development Goals und das Klimaschutzabkommen von Paris. Damit stellt sich die entscheidende Frage: Sind diese internationalen Stellungnahmen überhaupt noch der Entwicklung verpflichtet? Oder kann man sie im Gegenteil als Ausweis des Post-Development-Denkens betrachten?
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This paper analyses and compares industry sector transformation strategies as envisioned in recent German, European and global deep decarbonisation scenarios. The first part of the paper identifies and categorises ten key strategies for deep emission reductions in the industry sector. These ten key strategies are energy efficiency, direct electrification, use of climateneutral hydrogen and/or synthetic fuels, use of biomass, use of CCS, use of CCU, increases in material efficiency, circular economy, material substitution and end-use demand reductions. The second part of the paper presents a meta-analysis of selected scenarios, focusing on the question of which scenario relies to what extent on the respective mitigation strategies. The key findings of the meta-analysis are discussed, with an emphasis on identifying those strategies that are commonly pursued in all or the vast majority of the scenarios and those strategies that are only pursued in a limited number of the scenarios. Possible reasons for differences in the choice of strategies are investigated. The paper concludes by deriving key insights from the analysis, including identifying the main uncertainties that are still apparent with regard to the future steps necessary to achieve deep emission reductions in the industry sector and how future research can address these uncertainties.
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This SUITS policy brief aims to highlight how the transformational process of the nine local authorities involved in SUITS into learning organizations made these cities far better prepared to cope with the challenges due to the pandemic than they would otherwise have been. Due to the higher levels of organizational resilience and the awareness of individuals' importance during such external crises, the nine local authorities were not just trying to react to the unforeseen challenges, but were able to act with a clear pathway and to use their experiences to facilitate their learning from recent years. Of course, the pandemic could not have been foreseen, but as SUITS local authorities are becoming learning organizations, they are enhancing their organizational capacity. In so doing, they have been learning a required resilience to reduce the "complexity and confusion - of what to do best" in the beginning of the crisis and to cope with the challenges. This advantage was of enormous relevance for the local authorities.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Innerhalb des Projekts TFE-NRW bewertete das Wuppertal Institut den Forschungsbedarf für Energiewende-Technologien in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Ziel war es herauszufinden, welche Technologien und Forschungsbereiche im Rahmen der Energieforschung für Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) einen besonders hohen Stellenwert in Relation zur Bewertung für Deutschland haben könnten und für die eine besondere Unterstützung innerhalb der Energieforschung gerechtfertigt erscheint. Dabei sollten die speziellen Anforderungen des Bundeslandes berücksichtigt werden. Betrachtet wurden 31 Technologiefelder aus den Bereichen erneuerbare Energien, konventionelle Kraftwerke, Infrastruktur, Technologien für die Sektorenkopplung (Power-to-X, P2X), energie- und ressourceneffiziente Gebäude, Energie- und Ressourceneffizienz in der Industrie und integrative Aspekte, die mithilfe eines Kriterienrasters qualitativ bewertet wurden.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The waste prevention program (WPP) from 2013 must be evaluated every 6 years and updated if necessary. The review and evaluation of the implementation of the WPP took place within the scope of the project. Based on the analysis results for the implementation of the WPP at federal, state and municipal level and an assessment of existing prevention potentials, concrete proposals for a possible further development and updating of the program on prioritized waste streams and corresponding priority prevention approaches were developed. In addition, structural adjustment and change needs of the WPP were worked out and further research was shown.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Das Vorhaben analysiert 1.) die Argumente verschiedener Positionen im Wachstumsdiskurs und formuliert eine idealtypische "vorsorgeorientierte Postwachstumsposition". Er präsentiert zudem Ursachen von Wirtschaftswachstum und identifiziert gesellschaftliche Bereiche, deren Funktion vom Wirtschaftswachstum abhängen könnte. Darüber hinaus werden Reformvorschläge diskutiert, um diese Wachstumsabhängigkeit zu verringern. Das Vorhaben untersucht 2.) die Relevanz der Postwachstumsdebatte für Ressourcenpolitik und eine entsprechende Instrumentierung. Außerdem werden 3.) konstitutive Kernelemente einer nachhaltigen (Postwachstums-)Gesellschaft bestimmt. Das Vorhaben setzt damit Impulse zur gesellschaftlichen Debatte über die Ausgestaltung und Instrumentierung von Transformationspfaden für "gesellschaftliches Wohlergehen innerhalb planetarer Grenzen".
    Keywords: ddc:300
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: In this project commissioned by the German Environment Agency, important aspects of the mechanism under Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement were examined in more detail. This mechanism is to succeed the CDM under the Kyoto Protocol from 2021 onwards, but it will contain decisive improvements, especially with regard to a robust accounting of emission reductions and better integration into the national climate policy of the host country. The report is addressed to the international experts, in particular to the delegates to the climate conference and observers, and is therefore written in English. A German summary is included. The following topics are covered: How does the mechanism achieve an overall reduction of global emissions? Are there opportunities to use benchmarks to establish baselines? Can contributions to increasing ambition be made by using Art. 6.4? What contribution can the voluntary market make to increasing ambition in the future? Introduction of incentives for the participation of private companies under Art. 6.4 of the PA. The role of the Art. 6.4 mechanism on the way to a net zero emission world. The project provides a contribution to the general discussion in the EU as well as to the Article 6 - Negotiations under the UNFCCC. It is a contribution that presents backgrounds and interrelationships for individual questions concerning the design of the new market mechanisms under Article 6 and can thus contribute to a more informed decision-making process.Since there are, however, several different ways of designing a mechanism that can avoid double counting and provide incentives for increasing ambition, this project is only one of several current contributions to the international discussion.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 42
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    Brussels : European Commission
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Germany's eco-innovation performance has declined compared to previous reports and scores 123 against 100 of the EU average. It is still quite high with respect to the input side of eco-innovation and relatively good, i.e. above EU average concerning socio-economic and eco- innovative outputs. However, the revised eco-innovation index shows weaknesses in eco-innovation activities and environmental outcomes. All in all, Germany ranks 6 this year.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: 2013 wurde das Abfallvermeidungsprogramm des Bundes verabschiedet. Mit dem Programm sollten Abfallmengen reduziert werden. Das Programm wurde einer kritischen Bewertung unterzogen und wird nun im Jahr 2020 fortgeschrieben. Dafür wurden in einer UBA-Studie prioritäre Abfallströme und Konzepte erarbeitet und Maßnahmenvorschläge entwickelt, um die Abfallvermeidung zukünftig konkreter auszugestalten.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die Energiewende ist der Umstieg der Energieproduktion, -versorgung und -nutzung von nuklearen und fossilen Energieträgern auf erneuerbare Energien. Dieser tiefgreifende Wandel des über viele Jahre gewachsenen Energiesystems in Deutschland umfasst zahlreiche, hoch komplexe Aspekte und Prozesse. Aus einer eher technologischen Perspektive heraus betrachtet sind die Ziele der Energiewende eine Weiterentwicklung und Dezentralisierung des technischen Stromsystems und seiner Komponenten (Speicher, Netze, Management), die Steigerung der Energieeffizienz (bspw. in industriellen Prozessen sowie in Haushalten, durch energetische Modernisierung des Gebäudebestandes oder eine intelligentere Nutzung der Wärme) sowie die Elektrifizierung des Verkehrs. In dem vorliegenden Kapitel werden die verschiedenen Herausforderungen zur Umsetzung der Energiewende genauer beleuchtet und dargestellt und schließlich in zentrale Schlussfolgerungen zur Realisierung der Energiewende überführt.
    Keywords: ddc:600
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die energieintensive Industrie kann zum Ausgleich volatiler Stromeinspeisungen und somit zum Gelingen der Energiewende beitragen. Digitalisierungsprozesse ermöglichen die Flexibilisierung der Produktion, wodurch die Stromnachfrage steuerbarer wird. Gegenwärtig sind die Anreize zur Flexibilisierung jedoch für die meisten Unternehmen aufgrund von Investitionsunsicherheiten und der Konkurrenz durch konventionelle Kraftwerke gering. Im Rahmen der Transformation des Energiesystems und zunehmender Digitalisierung der Produktion wird die Flexibilisierung für Industrieunternehmen perspektivisch attraktiver. Digitalisierung und Flexibilisierung haben Auswirkungen auf Beschäftigte. So werden bereits jetzt Tätigkeiten an eine Abschaltung von Anlagen zur Stabilisierung des Stromsystems angepasst. Im Hinblick auf Digitalisierungsprozesse gilt es, Mitarbeiter frühzeitig zu beteiligen und Ängste sowie Anregungen der Beschäftigten ernst zu nehmen. Die Akzeptanz von Veränderungsprozessen kann durch eine frühzeitige Einbindung der Beschäftigten und ihrer Vertretung gefordert werden. Ein den Digitalisierungsaktivitäten entsprechendes Personalkonzept stellt sicher, dass Beschäftigte mit notwendigem Know-how ausgestattet werden.
    Keywords: ddc:300
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Am 17. September 2019 hat die EU-Wettbewerbs-Kommissarin Margrethe Vestager dem Stromkonzern Eon die Übernahme und Zerschlagung der RWE-Tochter Innogy unter leichten Auflagen erlaubt. Damit geht eine vollständige Geschäftsfeldaufteilung zwischen den beiden mächtigsten nationalen Energiekonzernen Eon und RWE einher. Während sich Eon auf die Bereiche Vertrieb und Verteilnetzbetrieb konzentrieren wird, übernimmt RWE die konventionellen Kraftwerke des bisherigen Konkurrenten sowie alle Anlagen der erneuerbaren Stromerzeugung. Auch alle vor rund zwei Jahren zunächst an Innogy abgegebenen Anlagen zur Stromerzeugung werden von RWE wieder zurückgeholt. Zudem erhält RWE eine 16,7-prozentige Beteiligung an Eon. Dazu gab das Bundeskartellamt (BKartA) bereits am 26.02.2019 bekannt, dass es diese Beteiligung für unbedenklich hält. Die Freigabe der EU-Kommission vom September 2019 ist eine "Entscheidung von enormer Tragweite" die den "gesamten Sektor grundlegend verändern" wird. Denn durch diesen Mega-Deal entstehen im deutschen Energiesektor zwei monolithische Giganten mit bisher nie dagewesener Marktmacht.
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The Wuppertal Institute conducted an impact analysis of the NRW sustainability bond #5 of 2019 on behalf of the State government of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). The most recent bond has a volume of EUR 2.25 bn, a term of 15 years and consists of 52 eligible projects from the State's 2018 general budget (sustainable value-added was confirmed in a second party opinion by ISS-oekom). This report analyses the contribution of the bond to climate mitigation, sustainable land use and social impacts. It also includes information on the impacts of the previous four bonds (NRW sustainability bond #1 to #4).
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The new mechanism defined under Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement is supposed to allow for international cooperation with regard to climate change mitigation and thereby enable an increase in overall mitigation. Nevertheless, the design of the mechanism under Article 6.4 should also make sure that it is not be in conflict with the long-term goal of net-zero GHG emissions but even better foster national pathways leading to this objective. Building this into the mechanism requires to shift the focus from short- and mid-term considerations to the long-term perspective in one way or another. This discussion paper explores three different approaches that may help to foster the long-term objective of net-zero GHG emissions in the operationalization of Article 6.4, namely positive and negative lists, additionality with regard to a baseline consistent with both, NDCs and long-term targets, as well as adaptation of existing instruments and criteria from climate finance. The detailed discussion of the ap-proaches shows that the approaches should not be seen as mutually exclusive but rather as comple-mentary to each other. From the analyses, two storylines emerge how to combine aspects of the differ-ent approaches in a reasonable way to foster the long-term objective of net-zero GHG emissions under Article 6.4.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Technological innovations in energy-intensive industries (EIIs) have traditionally emerged within the boundaries of a specific sector. Now that these industries are facing the challenges of deep decarbonisation and a significant reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is expected to be achieved across sectors, cross-industry collaboration is becoming increasingly relevant for low-carbon innovation. Accessing knowledge and other resources from other industrial sectors as well as co-developing innovative concepts around industrial symbiosis can be mutually beneficial in the search for fossil-free feedstocks and emissions reductions. In order to harness the potential of this type of innovation, it is important to understand not only the technical innovations themselves, but in particular the non-technical influencing factors that can drive the successful implementation of cross-industry collaborative innovation projects. The scientific state of the art does not provide much insight into this particular area of research. Therefore, this paper builds on three separate strands of innovation theory (cross-industry innovation, low-carbon innovation and innovation in EIIs) and takes an explorative case-study approach to identify key influencing factors for cross-industry collaboration for low-carbon innovation in EIIs. For this purpose, a broad empirical database built within the European joint research project REINVENT is analysed. The results from this project provide deep insights into the dynamics of low-carbon innovation projects of selected EIIs. Furthermore, the paper draws on insights from the research project SCI4Climate.NRW. This project serves as the scientific competence centre for IN4Climate.NRW, a unique initiative formed by politicians, industry and science to promote, among other activities, cross-industry collaboration for the implementation of a climate-neutral industry in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). Based on the results of the case study analysis, five key influencing factors are identified that drive the implementation of cross-industry collaboration for low-carbon innovation in EIIs: Cross-industry innovation projects benefit from institutionalised cross-industry exchange and professional project management and coordination. Identifying opportunities for regional integration as well as the mitigation of financial risk can also foster collaboration. Lastly, clear political framework conditions across industrial sectors are a key driver.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by energyintensive industries to a net zero level is a very ambitious and complex but still feasible challenge, as recent studies show for the EU level. "Industrial Transformation 2050" by Material Economics (2019) is of particular relevance, as it shows how GHG-neutrality can be achieved in Europe for the sectors chemicals (plastics and ammonia), steel and cement, based on three main decarbonisation strategies. The study determines the resulting total demands for renewable electricity, hydrogen and for the capture and storage of CO2 (CCS). However, it analyses neither the regional demand patterns that are essential for the required infrastructure nor the needed infrastructure itself. Against this background the present paper determines the regional distribution of the resulting additional demands for electricity, hydrogen and CCS in Europe in the case that the two most energy and CCS intensive decarbonisation strategies of the study above will be realised for the existing industry structure. It explores the future infrastructure needs and identifies and qualitatively assesses different infrastructure solutions for the largest industrial cluster in Europe, i.e. the triangle between Antwerp, Rotterdam and Rhine-Ruhr. In addition, the two industrial regions of Southern France and Poland are also roughly examined. The paper shows that the increase in demand resulting from a green transformation of industry will require substantial adaptation and expansion of existing infrastructures. These have not yet been the subject of infrastructure planning. In particular, the strong regional concentration of additional industrial demand in clusters (hot spots) must be taken into account. Due to their distance from the high-yield but remote renewable power generation potentials (sweet spots), these clusters further increase the infrastructural challenges. This is also true for the more dispersed cement production sites in relation to the remote CO2 storage facilities. The existing infrastructure plans should therefore be immediately expanded to include decarbonisation strategies of the industrial sector.
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: In order to achieve the UNFCCC Paris Agreement goals, climate policies worldwide require considerable ratcheting-up. Policy sequencing provides a framework for analysing policy process dynamics that facilitate ratcheting-up. We apply a sequencing perspective to two key EU climate and energy policies, the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) and the Renewable Energy Directive (RED), to comparatively test the empirical relevance of sequencing for single policies - in addition to sequencing across policies, which has been the focus of sequencing theory so far - and to uncover specific mechanisms. Our results confirm that sequencing, based on triggering positive and controlling negative feedback, is relevant both within and across policies. Policy choices that may facilitate ratcheting-up include tools to control costs, the possibility to centralise and harmonise in a multi-level governance context, options for compensation of reluctant actors, and the encouragement of learning processes.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Das Ziel der Klimaneutralität ist eine große Herausforderung, insbesondere für die Industrie. Dieser Artikel analysiert und vergleicht verschiedene Strategien zur Transformation des Industriesektors, wie sie in aktuellen deutschen, europäischen und globalen Klimaschutzszenarien beschrieben werden. Zunächst werden zehn Schlüsselstrategien für weitgehende Treibhausgasemissionsreduktionen im Industriesektor identifiziert. Anschließend wird in einer Szenario-Metaanalyse untersucht, in welchem Maße verschiedene Szenarien jeweils auf die einzelnen Strategien setzen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass es zwischen den Szenarien teilweise erhebliche Unterschiede bezüglich der verfolgten Strategien gibt.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 54
    facet.materialart.
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Wie lange können wir noch am Konzept der "Entwicklung" festhalten? Schon lange haben die Folgen der Klimakrise, der wachsende Ressourcenmangel und eine immer größer werdende Schere zwischen Arm und Reich der schillernden Idee des Fortschritts ihren Glanz geraubt. Die Politik im Geiste der "Entwicklung" beruht nicht nur auf einem schwammigen Konzept, so der Autor, sondern sie ist auch nicht mit einem nachhaltigen Verständnis von globalem Zusammenleben vereinbar.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This assessment report identifies six key areas of sustainable consumption. Transforming those areas is associated with a significant, positive impact on sustainable development. In this way, those key areas lay the foundation to set clear priorities and formulate concrete policy measures and recommendations. The report describes recent developments and relevant actors in those six fields, outlines drivers and barriers to reach a shift towards more sustainability in those specific areas, and explores international good-practice examples. On top of this, overarching topics in the scientific discourse concerning sustainable consumption (e.g. collaborative economy, behavioural economics and nudging) are revealed by using innovative text-mining techniques. Subsequently, the report outlines the contributions of these research approaches to transforming the key areas of sustainable consumption. Finally, the report derives policy recommendations to improve the German Sustainable Development Strategy (DNS) in order to achieve a stronger stimulus effect for sustainable consumption.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die beiden mächtigsten Energiekonzerne in Deutschland fusionieren wechselseitig ihre Geschäftsfelder. Das Ergebnis wird eine bisher nie dagewesene Marktbeherrschung im Energiesektor darstellen. Die beiden Autoren beleuchten den Deal und kritisieren die Untätigkeit sämtlicher Aufsichtsbehörden.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Last year's conference of the global climate change regime took place from 2 until 15 December 2019 in Madrid, Spain. Despite marking a new record for overtime in the history of the UNFCCC, the conference did not only fail to meet the increasing public demand for swift and strong climate action, it also failed on its formal mandate to finalise the Paris rulebook. A record number of issues were left unresolved and shelved for the next session. COP25 thereby highlighted how much work still lies ahead both domestically and internationally if 2020 is to see a step-up in climate action that is consistent with the long-term goal of the Paris Agreement.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The paper describes quantitative scenarios on a possible evolution of the EU petrochemical industry towards climate neutrality. This industry will be one of the remaining sectors in a climate neutral economy still handling hydrocarbon material to manufacture polymers. Concepts of a climate neutral chemical industry stress the need to consider the potential end-of-life emissions of polymers produced from fossil feedstock and draft the vision of using renewable electricity to produce hydrogen and to use renewable (hydro)carbon feedstock. The latter could be biomass, CO2 from the air or recycled feedstock from plastic waste streams. The cost-optimization model used to develop the scenarios describes at which sites investments of industry in the production stock could take place in the future. Around 50 types of products, the related production processes and the respective sites have been collected in a database. The processes included cover the production chain from platform chemicals via intermediates to polymers. Pipelines allowing for efficient exchange of feedstock and platform chemicals between sites are taken into account as well. The model draws on this data to simulate capacity change at individual plants as well as plant utilization. Thus, a future European production network for petrochemicals with flows between the different sites and steps of the value chain can be sketched. The scenarios described in this paper reveal how an electrification strategy could be implemented by European industry over time with minimized societal costs. Today's existing assets as well as geographical variance of energy supply and the development of demand for different plastic sorts are the major model drivers. Finally, implications for the chemical industry, the energy system and national or regional governments are discussed.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Prepaid-Stromzähler sind in Deutschland noch selten, bieten jedoch zukünftig einen interessanten Markt. Vor allem kleinere Anbieter, aber auch erste Regionalversorger kombinieren die Megatrends Digitalisierung und Energiewende und kreieren daraus neue Dienstleistungen. Zusammen mit IT-Firmen entwickeln sie daraus neue Geschäftsideen, die auch hinsichtlich sozialer Aspekte hohen Anforderungen genügen. Der Rollout von Smart Metering-Lösungen eröffnet zukünftig noch größere Chancen, durch Echtzeit-Datenerfassung den Energieverbrauch und damit auch Einsparpotenziale transparent zu machen. Hochaufgelöste Daten ermöglichen innovative Dienstleistungen und bringen die Kundenbeziehung auf eine neue Ebene.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: For some time, 3D printing has been a major buzzword of innovation in industrial production. It was considered a game changer concerning the way industrial goods are produced. There were early expectations that it might reduce the material, energy and transport intensity of value chains. However for quite a while, the main real world applications of additive manufacturing (AM) have been some rapid prototyping and the home-based production of toys made from plastics. On this limited basis, any hypotheses regarding likely impacts on industrial energy efficiency appeared to be premature. Notwithstanding the stark contrast between early hype and practical use, the diffusion of AM has evolved to an extent that at least for some applications allows for a preliminary assessment of its likely implications for energy efficiency. Unlike many cross-cutting energy efficiency technologies, energy use of AM may vary substantially depending on industry considered and material used for processing. Moreover, AM may have much greater repercussions on other stages of value chains than conventional cross-cutting energy efficiency technologies. In case of AM with metals the following potential determinants of energy efficiency come to mind: - A reduction of material required per unit of product and used during processing; - Changes in the total number and spatial allocation of certain stages of the value chain; and - End-use energy efficiency of final products. At the same time, these various streams of impact on energy efficiency may be important drivers for the diffusion of AM with metals. This contribution takes stock of AM with metals concerning applications and processes used as well as early evidence on impacts on energy efficiency and combine this into a systematic overview. It builds on relevant literature and a case study on Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing performed within the REINVENT project.
    Keywords: ddc:600
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die Studie zeigt interdependente Geschlechteraspekte von Klimapolitik sowie Wirkweisen und Chancen zur Verbesserung von Geschlechtergerechtigkeit auf. In ihr leitet ein interdisziplinäres Forschungsteam Grundsätze zur Einbeziehung von Geschlechtergerechtigkeit in Klimaschutz und -anpassung ab, analysiert bestehende Programme auf ihre Genderrelevanz hin und gibt konkrete Politikempfehlungen z. B. zum Klimaschutzgesetz und Gender Aktionsplänen. Wichtige Erkenntnisse ergeben sich auch für Methoden, Daten und Forschungsbedarfe. Schließlich werden Empfehlungen zu Finanzierungs- und Förderaspekten sowie Wissensverbreitung und Kompetenzstärkung gegeben und ein an den Klimabereich angepasstes Instrument zur gleichstellungsorientierten Folgenabschätzung (Gender Impact Assessment) vorgestellt.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, positive Nachhaltigkeitseffekte für die in 2017 emittierte Nachhaltigskeitsanleihe NRW zu bewerten. Die Studie baut dabei auf der Wirkungsanalyse der zweiten Nachhaltigskeitsanleihe NRW auf. Diese Studie war auf die Abschätzung von Treibhausgas-Minderungspotenzialen (THG-Minderungen) fokussiert. Der Fokus der vorliegenden Studie liegt ebenfalls auf der Evaluation der potenziellen THG-Minderung, da deren Bewertung sich derzeit als Standard für eine Wirkungsanalyse solcher Anleihen abzeichnet.
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Participatory modeling - the involvement of stakeholders in the modeling process - can support various objectives, such as stimulating learning processes or promoting mutual understanding of stakeholders. Participatory modeling approaches could therefore be useful for the governance of transitions, but a systematic account of potential application areas of participatory modeling methods in transition governance is still lacking. This article addresses this gap by providing a review of participatory modeling methods and linking them to phases and objectives of transition governance. We reviewed participatory modeling studies in transition research and related fields of social-ecological modeling, integrated assessment and environmental management. We find that participatory modeling methods are mostly used for participatory visioning and goal setting as well as for interactive strategy development. The review shows the potential for extending the application of participatory modeling methods to additional phases of transition governance and for the exchange of experiences between research fields.
    Keywords: ddc:600
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  • 65
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    Amman : Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Jordan & Iraq
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The energy system of Jordan is facing a rise in energy demand while at the same time having quite limited own conventional energy resources. Especially because of their high import dependency, Jordan is starting to change its energy system and puts a higher focus on renewable energy (like wind and solar) and energy efficiency. In this short paper the authors discuss the transformation of energy companies in Germany and highlight the possibilities of energy efficiency services. Furthermore, they examinate the transferability to Jordan, based on the results of a questionnaire among Jordan energy experts. Due to the low level of research knowledge in the specific field, this is an exploratory research approach. The role, challenges and opportunities of Jordan's state-owned National Electric Power Company NEPCO have been highlighted.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: It has been widely recognized that there is an urgent need for more sustainable urban transport policy and planning. To understand ambitious policy approaches, "relatively successful" cities are regularly subject of analyses. This paper also focuses on relatively successful cities - by reviewing the application documents of the winner cities of the European Green Capital Award (EGCA). Award schemes not only aim to reward leading participants, but likewise aim to contribute to knowledge transfer and the dissemination of good practice examples to non-participants. So far award schemes and good practice approaches have received limited attention by research. This paper reviews and analyses the application forms of the EGCA winning cities to learn about ambitious policy approaches to sustainable and climate-friendly urban transport.
    Keywords: ddc:380
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die Digitalisierung und der demografische Wandel sind Megatrends, die die Energiewende überlagern. Mehr denn je sind daher integrierte Problemlösungskonzepte für die Umsetzung der Energiewende gefragt. Neben den technischen Aspekten sollen diese Lösungen auf die sozio-ökonomischen Charakteristika der einzelnen Regionen und Kommunen eingehen und mögliche Veränderungen durch die Megatrends berücksichtigen. Zielsetzung des Teilprojekts war die Entwicklung eines wirtschaftlich-, ökologisch- und sozial optimalen Wärmeversorgungskonzepts für die Konversionsfläche der ehemaligen Zeche Westerholt in Gelsenkirchen-Herten. Im Fokus stand das Gesamtsystem der Wärmeversorgung, bestehend aus Netz, Speicher und Erzeugung. Angestrebt wurde eine zukunftsfähige Niedertemperaturversorgung (LowEx), welche Technologien der Sektorkopplung und diverse erneuerbare Energiequellen wie Solarthermie, Erdwärme und Abwärmequellen einbinden kann. Dabei wurde eine integrierte Analyse technisch-infrastruktureller sowie sozio-ökonomischer und -kultureller Umsetzungsvoraussetzungen durchgeführt. Neben der interkommunalen Einbindung zeichnete sich das Vorhaben durch ein transdisziplinäres Projektkonsortium aus Kommune, Stadtwerk, Wissenschaft, Technologieentwicklern und Planungsbüros aus.
    Keywords: ddc:600
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  • 68
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    Stockholm : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Financial institutions play a crucial role in achieving the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement. They can manage capital flows for financing the required transformation towards a decarbonized industry. Currently established policy programs and regulations at European and national level increasingly address financial institutions to make their climate warming impact measurable and transparent. However, required science-based assessment methods have not been sufficiently developed so far. This paper discusses methodological opportunities and challenges for measuring carbon footprints of financial institutions. Based on a scientific case study undertaken with the German GLS Bank, the authors introduce an innovative method for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from a bank's asset with a focus on loans. The authors apply an input/output database to calculate greenhouse gas (GHG) intensities and allocate them with bank's loans and investments. Moreover, the paper provides insights of calculating avoided GHG emissions initiated by a bank's investment and loans. In conclusion, a high degree of consistent and standardized assessment methods and guidelines need to be developed and applied to promote comparability and transparency.
    Keywords: ddc:600
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Effective actions to mitigate climate change are urgently needed, especially in the context of cities, which are major sources of global CO2 emissions. Establishing and managing knowledge systems that integrate local knowledge can contribute to establishing more effective responses to climate change as well as transformative change towards sustainability. However, it is still unclear how new forms of urban governance should acquire, store, create, or disseminate knowledge for fostering sustainability transitions effectively. In this study, we present a multilevel knowledge system approach based on design principles informed especially by the knowledge management literature. These address (i) working environments across multiple levels, (ii) knowledge forms and types, and (iii) knowledge processes. We apply this approach to municipal climate action in the German energy transition. In particular, we focus on the operational work of municipal climate action managers of regional centers of Lower Saxony, one of the largest of the 16 federal states, and investigate their involvement in knowledge processes. Based on semi-structured interviews in 14 of the 17 regional centers, we show that structural pre-conditions for successful knowledge management and organizational learning are present. However, we also show that there is a need for improvement regarding (i) the multilevel coordination for accelerating routine operation, (ii) the persistence of local operational knowledge, and (iii) the exploitation of local innovations. Relying on these results, we offer general recommendations for municipal climate action and suggest that policies should (i) rely on local knowledge for effective decision-making, (ii) foster multilevel exchanges of explicit and tacit knowledge for implementation, and (iii) enable open-ended learning processes that leverage local innovations for creating usable transformational knowledge.
    Keywords: ddc:300
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Mehr als sechs Millionen Tonnen Kunststoffabfälle fallen in Deutschland jährlich an, nur etwas weniger als die Hälfte kann werk- und rohstofflich genutzt werden, der Rest wird verbrannt. Gerade gemischte Kunststoffarten erschweren das Recycling. Hier bietet sich das chemische Recycling (Pyrolyse) an. Bei diesem Verfahren werden die Stoffe durch hohe Temperaturen zersetzt und in kleinere Moleküle aufgespalten. Diese lassen sich im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft in neue Kunststoffe oder chemische Grundstoffe überführen. Die Schätzungen gehen von bis zu zwei Millionen Tonnen Kunststoffabfall jährlich aus, der auf diese Weise wiederverwendet werden könnte. Das vorliegende Diskussionspapier zeigt, dass Pyrolyse von gemischten Kunststoffabfällen die chemische Industrie sowie die Abfallwirtschaft klimafreundlicher gestalten kann. Im Papier geht das Autorenteam auf die Potenziale und Entwicklungsperspektiven für Nordrhein-Westfalen ein mit dem Ziel, wissenschaftliche Grundlagen für Investitionsentscheidungen und Projektentwicklung im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft zu schaffen.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Das im Auftrag des Umweltschutzamts Kiel entwickelte Zero-Waste-Konzept zeigt anhand eines umfangreichen Handlungsplans, wie Kiel zur "Zero Waste City" werden kann. Das Konzept ist die Basis für eine Zertifizierung als "Zero Waste City" - eine Auszeichnung, die der europäische Verein Zero Waste Europe vergibt. Nachdem im Jahr 2007 die italienische Gemeinde Capannori zur ersten "Zero Waste City" in Europa erklärt wurde, haben sich knapp 400 europäische Gemeinden dieser Bewegung angeschlossen. Für das Kieler Zero-Waste-Konzept stellten die Forschenden insgesamt 20 konkrete Ziele auf, die helfen, Abfall zu reduzieren, die Wiederverwendung von Produkten zu steigern und die Abfalltrennung zu verbessern. Kiels ambitioniertes Ziel: Die Stadt will die Maßnahmen, die innerhalb des Zero-Waste-Konzepts ermittelt wurden, zwischen 2025 und 2050 umsetzen und bis 2035 die Gesamtabfallmenge pro Kopf und Jahr durchschnittlich um 15 Prozent senken, die Haus- und Geschäftsabfälle - also Restabfälle - bis zum Jahr 2035 halbieren und langfristig auf 50 Kilogramm pro Kopf und Jahr reduzieren.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2022-05-10
    Description: The annual Climate Change Conference took place on 2-15 December in Katowice, Poland. It included the twenty-fourth Conference of the Parties (COP-24) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the fourteenth Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (MOP-14), the resumed first Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (MOP-1), and their subsidiary bodies. The conference had two main objectives: operationalizing the Paris Agreement by adopting detailed rules for its implementation and starting the process of strengthening the parties' climate protection contributions.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2022-05-12
    Description: Die Corona-Pandemie führt uns vor Augen, wie wichtig das unmittelbare Wohnumfeld ist. Den kommunalen Zusammenhalt und lokale Infrastrukturen zu stärken, macht unsere Städte krisenfester und nachhaltiger - auch für notwendige Transformationen im Zuge des Klimawandels.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2022-05-19
    Description: Ziel des vorliegenden Heftes ist es, den Planungsbehörden und Gutachterbüros Informationen zum Thema „Eignung von Böden für Begräbnisstätten“ zur Verfügung zu stellen. Das Heft wendet sich somit an Personen, die sich direkt oder indirekt mit der Erweiterung oder Neuanlage von Friedhöfen, Friedwäldern oder Tierfriedhöfen beschäftigen. Es soll als Richtschnur für Gutachten, z. B. durch Ingenieur- und Baugrundbüros sowie bodenkundliche Sachverständige, aber auch als Informationsschrift für Zuständige in den Verwaltungen dienen.
    Description: manual
    Keywords: ddc:630 ; ddc:360
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book , publishedVersion
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Ein Nachruf über einen ausgewiesenen Kenner und unermüdlichen Retter von Moorgebieten samt deren Moosen und Moorpflanzen
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Das Satrupholmer Moor im zentralen Angeln gehört zu den bedeutendsten Fundlandschaften mit Siedlungsplätzen des späten Mesolithikums in Schleswig-Holstein. Rund um die Uferbereiche des ehemali- gen Seebeckens, aus dem das Moor sich entwickelte, liegen Fundstellen der Mittelsteinzeit. Durch eine Kombination aus Torfüberdeckung und Kalkausfällungen aus den umliegenden Jungmoränenkuppen bietet das Moor hervorragende Erhaltungsbedingungen für organisches Material. Seine verschiedenen Fundplätze erbrachten Jahrtausende alte Geweihgeräte, Tierknochen und sogar Holzfunde. Ein besonders bedeutender Fundplatz, in der Landesaufnahme als Satrup LA2 geführt, liegt am Nordufer des Moores. Dieser Fundplatz ist seit den 1920er Jahren bekannt und wurde mehrfach in Teilbereichen untersucht. Im Jahr 2016 wurde ein großer Teil des Fundplatzes durch eine Ausgleichsmaßnahme der Stiftung Naturschutz Schleswig-Holstein, die ohne Abstimmung mit dem Archäologischen Landes- amt Schleswig-Holstein durchgeführt wurde, versehentlich zerstört. Im Zuge notwendig gewordener Rettungsgrabungen konnten neue Erkenntnisse zur Lebensweise der Jäger und Sammler der späten Mittelsteinzeit und zur Landschaftsgeschichte vor Ort gewonnen werden.
    Description: The Satrupholm Fen in central Angeln is one of the most important landscapes with archaeological settlement sites of the late Mesolithic in Schleswig-Holstein. All around the shore areas of the former lake basin, from which the bog developed, sites from the Mesolithic period exist. Due to a combi- nation of peat cover and lime precipitation from the surrounding young moraine crests, the bog offers outstanding conditions for the preservation of organic material. Its various sites have yielded antler implements, animal bones and even wooden finds thousands of years old. A particularly important site, listed in the archaeological survey as Satrup LA2, is located on the northern bank of the bog. This site has been known since the 1920s and has been investigated since then several times. In 2016, a large part of the site was destroyed by a compensation measure of the Foundation for Nature Conservation of Schleswig-Holstein, which was carried out without coordination with the State Archaeological Office Schleswig-Holstein. In the course of the necessary rescue excavation, however, new knowledge about the subsistence of hunters and gatherers of the late Mesolithic period and the landscape history on site could be gathered.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Im Gesetz von Darcy wird die Richtung des Drucks mit „+“ und „–“definiert. Diese mathematischen Operatoren bedeuten keine Zahlenwerte, da die Richtung eine trigonometrische Funktion darstellt. Die Transmissivität kann aus dem Gesetz von Darcy nicht abgeleitet werden; ein anderweitiger Beweis fehlt. Das Einfügen der Energiedichte ψ in das Gesetz von Darcy ist falsch, da die Einheiten nicht bilanzierbar sind. Mathematisch ist das lineare Gesetz von Darcy ein Spezialfall des galilei-/newton- schen Fallgesetzes.
    Description: In the Darcy’s law, the direction of the pressure gradient is defined by „+“ and „–“. These mathematical signs may also represent mathematical operators, but not here. It is not possible to derive the transmis- sivity from the Darcy’s law; another prove does not exist. The introduction of the density of energy ψ in Darcy’s law is wrong, because it is impossible to balance the units. The linear law of Darcy is math- ematically a special case of the Galileian/Newtonian law of gravitation.
    Description: https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-2937
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Im Zuge eines Pilotprojektes wurde 1988 eine flachgründige, sandunterlagerte Niedermoorfläche im oberen Rhinluch durch die Maßnahme der Tiefpflug-Sanddeckkultur (TSDK) umgestaltet. Eine wissenschaftliche Fragestellung war, wie sich unterschiedliche Torfanteile in der Sanddecke (0, 5, 10, 15 % organische Bodensubstanz) im späteren Pflughorizont (0-30 cm) auf die Standorteigenschaften auswirken. Seither wurde die Fläche als Acker genutzt. Etwa 30 Jahre nach Durchführung der Maßnahme wurde die Langzeitentwicklung der organischen Bodensubstanz im Pflughorizont und der bodenhydrologischen Standorteigenschaften auf der Basis von Feld- (Saugspannung, Grundwasserflurabstand) und Labormessungen (Kohlenstoff, Glühverlust, Wasserretentionskurve, hydraulische Leitfähigkeitsfunktion, Trockenrohdichte) untersucht. Die Gehalte an organischer Bodensubstanz der TSDK Varianten haben sich im Oberboden nahezu angeglichen und variierten 2019 zwischen 3,8 und 5,6 %. Die Streuung der Einzelwerte hat gegenüber 1988 stark abgenommen. Hydraulische Hemmnisse bestehen auf der TSDK nicht. Die Bodenwasserspeicherung im Pflughorizont und Unterboden ist ausreichend und in Verbindung mit der guten Kapillarität sind Acker- und Grünlandkulturen zu jeder Zeit ausreichend mit Wasser versorgt, auch wenn die Grundwasserflurabstände in Ausnahmen unter 1 m absinken würden. Auf den 0-Varianten unter Gras- und Ackernutzung hat sich der Anteil der organischen Bodensubstanz fast halbiert und liegt 2019 an der Grenze zum Anmoor. Das bestätigen auch die Wasserretentionsfunktionen und die Trockenrohdichte. Zusammenfassend kann 30 Jahre nach Einrichtung der Tiefpflug-Sanddeckkultur in Ziethenhorst (Rhinluch) geschlussfolgert werden, dass die Zielsetzung, aus einem flachgründigen, vermulmten Moorstandort einen hochleistungsfähigen Ackerstandort zu schaffen, erreicht wurde.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Geographische Gegebenheiten und Naturressourcen beeinflussen langfristig das menschliche Siedlungsverhalten und die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung von Regionen. Studien haben gezeigt, dass ein naturbedingter Unterschied in der Entwicklung auch dann noch nachwirkt, wenn die Ressource selbst bereits verschwunden ist. Ein wichtiges, aber bisher kaum systematisch untersuchtes Beispiel hierfür sind Moore. In diesem Artikel zeigen wir, wie Moorbedeckung die langfristige Entwicklung einer Region beeinflusst. Dazu betrachten wir die Moorflächen um 1800 und 2012 im Land Niedersachsen und stellen sie der Entwicklung der Bevölkerungszahl von 1821 bis 2018 in allen niedersächsischen Gemeinden gegenüber. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen einen enormen Rückgang der Fläche intakter Moore von 17,3 auf 0,8 % im Durchschnitt über alle Gemeinden, bei einem gleichzeitigen Anstieg der Einwohnerdichte von 40,6 auf 145,8 Einwohner pro km2. Vormals stark durch Moore geprägte Gemeinden waren 1821 weniger dicht besiedelt – und sie sind es heute noch, obwohl das Moor größtenteils verschwunden ist. Trotz der massiven Bemühungen bei der Moorkolonisierung und -kultivierung sind Gemeinden mit vormals hohem Mooranteil heute immer noch halb so dicht besiedelt als Gemeinden ohne Moor. Dass die einst moorreichen Gemeinden den einstigen Bevölkerungsrückstand noch nicht vollständig aufholen konnten, ist auch auf die zahlreichen prägenden historischen Ereignisse der jüngeren deutschen Geschichte der letzten 200 Jahre zurückzuführen.
    Description: Geographical conditions and natural resources affect local human settlement and economic development in the long run. An important but hardly examined example are peatlands. In this article, we show how original peatland coverage influences regional long-term development. For that purpose, we investigate peatland coverage at around 1800 and 2012 Niedersachsen, Germany, and link it to population density TELMA Band 50 Seite 29 - 44 2 Abb., 3 Tab. Hannover, November 2020 30 31 over the period 1821 to 2018 in all communities. We find a drastic decrease of untapped peatland coverage, dropping from 17.3 to 0.8 % on average. By contrast, population density increases from 40.6 to 145.8 inhabitants per square kilometer within 200 years. In 1821, communities that were extensively covered by peatlands were less densely populated – and they still are today, even though almost all peatland has disappeared. In spite of the massive efforts in peatland colonization and cultivation, peatland communities are still half as densely populated as communities without any peatland around 1800. We discuss historical events over the last 200 years explaining why communities formerly rich in peatlands did not fully catch up.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 81
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    In:  DGMT | ZA 34278
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Moore sind ein wesentlicher Bestandteil unseres Landes und der Kulturlandschaft. Ihre Entstehung und Entwicklung erfolgte zeitgleich mit der Besiedlung. Die natürliche Landschaftsentwicklung und die anthropogene Beeinflussung waren ein stetiges Wechselspiel. Dass sich unsere Sichtweise auf die Moore im Laufe der Zeit dabei mehrfach geändert hat, ist eine Folge der zivilisatorischen Entwicklung und sollte als natürlich angesehen werden. Derjenige, der mit den Belangen von Moor- und Torfangelegenheiten vertraut ist, sollte aus dieser Dynamik schließen, dass Eingriffe in unsere Umwelt und damit der Wandel der Landschaft wohl überlegten, sich gegen aktionistisches Gedankengut verwahrendes Handeln und intelligenter Zusam- menarbeit bedürfen
    Description: Our recent peatbogs are a component part of the land developed and cultivated by man; they have grown since our ancestors began to settle and thus, man has accompanied this landscape element in its diverse geological development. In this interrelationship, actions and reactions have changed numerous times, and the fact that we now regard the peatbogs and their utilization or non-utilization from a different point of view than a few years ago is a natural consequence of rapidly changing standpoints of civilization. The one who is involved with peat and peatbogs ought to conclude from this dynamic development, however, that our environment and thus the dynamics of our landscape require wisely guided designing determined by intelligent collaboration and that we must resist an infiltration of hysterical thinking with regard to peatbogs and peat.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
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  • 82
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    In:  DGMT | ZA 34278
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Im Juni 2020 wurde ein kleines Hochmoor im Wissenspark der SLU in Uppsala angelegt. Ob Moorbeete sich als landschaftsarchitektonisches Element im urbanen, nemoralen Teil Schwedens eignen, wird anhand des Etablierungserfolgs der eingebrachten oligo- bis mesotrophen Torfmoosarten entlang eines Gradienten von Bult zu Schlenke untersucht.
    Description: In June 2020, a small bog was created at the Knowledge Garden of SLU in Uppsala. If moss pits are suitable elements for landscape architecture in the urban, nemoral part of Sweden will be examined through the establishment of the used oligo- to mesotrophic peat mosses on a gradient from hollow to hummock.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Dr. Uwe Lenschow – der Name wird wie kaum ein anderer mit dem behördlichen Moorschutz in Zusammenhang gebracht. Als Dezernatsleiter im damaligen Landesamt für Umwelt und Natur veröffentlichte er bereits 1997 in den Materialien zur Umwelt die Monographie „Landschaftsökologische Grundlagen und Ziele zum Moor- schutz in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern“ (len- Schow 1997). Mit dem auf dieser Grundlage veröffentlichten Moorschutzkonzept des Landes Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (M-V) im Jahr 2000 wurde der Moorschutz zum politischen Ziel und in den Folgejahren schrittweise umgesetzt.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Anhand hydrologischer Untersuchungen von 1996 bis 2019 und daraus abgeleiteten Wasserbilanzen wurde für geschlossene Torfmoosrasen und sekundären Birken-Kiefern-Moorwald geprüft, ob eine erfolgreiche Wiedervernässung und Revitalisierung von Regenmooren in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (M-V) unter den gegebenen ökoklimatischen Verhältnissen möglich ist. Untersucht wurden Typusloka- litäten in den drei Hauptverbreitungsgebieten der Regenmoore im Bundesland (NSG Ribnitzer Großes Moor für küstennahe Moore, NSG Großes Göldenitzer Moor für die Moore der Grundmoräne zwischen Recknitz und Warnow, NSG Großes Grambower Moor für die Moore im Schweriner Raum (NSG = Naturschutzgebiet)). Im Ergebnis wurde festgestellt, dass die natürlichen Voraussetzungen für die Ent- wicklung regenmoortypischer Vegetation günstig sind. Diametral gegen die Revitalisierung stehen die, trotz eines vorhandenen Moorschutzkonzeptes des Landes, von der Landesregierung beschlossenen politischen Rahmenbedingungen. Tritt im Hinblick auf den Umgang mit sekundären Birken-Kiefern- Moorwäldern kein Paradigmenwechsel ein, so wird der hydrologenetische Moortyp „Regenmoor“ in M-V mit all seinen gesetzlich geschützten Lebensräumen und Arten in absehbarer Zeit ausgestorben sein. Im Ergebnis der hydrologischen Veränderungen unter Moorwald gehen in den Regenmooren des Landes jährlich mehr als 800.000 m3 Torf durch Mineralisierung verloren. Der dadurch initiierte CO2- Ausstoß beträgt 77.600 t CO2 pro Jahr.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Das Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL) bezifferte im Juli diesen Jahres in einem Brief an das Management verschiedener Bau- und Gartenmarktketten in Deutschland den Anteil der Treibhausgase aus der Nutzung von Torfen an den deutschen Gesamtemissionen mit 2 %. In der Ausgabe vom 18. September 2020 der Fachzeitschrift TASPO räumte das Ministerium ein, dass „in diesem Schreiben … durch ein Büroversehen irrtümlich eine falsche Verhältniszahl verwendet“ wurde. Der Nationale Inventarbericht Deutschlands beziffert die gesamten deutschen Treibhausgasemissionen für das Jahr 2018 mit 858 Mio. t CO2e. Die in diesem Bericht für den Bereich Torfabbau und -nutzung berechneten Emissionen liegen bei 2,19 Mio. t CO2e und ihr Anteil an den Gesamtemissionen somit bei 0,26 %. Aber auch diese Werte bilden nicht die tatsächliche Situation ab. Eine Berechnung auf Basis aktueller Daten zu den Torfgewinnungsflächen in Deutschland und den Gewinnungsmengen im Mittel der Jahre 2017 bis 2019 ergibt einen Wert von 1,13 Mio. t CO2e. Dies entspricht 0,13 % der deutschen Gesamt- emissionen. Die Emissionen aus der Torfgewinnung haben sich zwischen 1990 und heute um 66 % vermindert. Bis 2030 wird die Reduzierung einen Wert von 85 % und bis 2040 einen Wert von 94 % erreichen.
    Description: In a letter addressed to the management of DIY and garden center chains in Germany in July this year, the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture calculated that the use of peat accounts for 2 % of total German greenhouse gas emissions. In the meantime, the ministry admitted to the German trade ma- gazine TASPO in its issue of September 18, 2020, that “in this letter ... an wrong ratio was mistakenly used by an office mistake”. Germany’s National Inventory Report puts the total German greenhouse gas emissions for the year 2018 at 858 million t CO2e. The emissions calculated in this report for the sector of peat extraction and its use are 2.19 million t CO2e and their share of total emissions is therefore 0.26 %. However, even these values do not correspond to the real situation. A calculation based on current data for the extraction areas in Germany and the extraction quantities on average for the years 2017 to 2019 results in a value of 1.13 million t CO2e. This corresponds to 0.13 % of total German emissions. Emissions from peat extraction have been reduced by 66 % from 1990 to the present. The reduction will reach 85 % by 2030 and 94 % by 2040.
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    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Die vorliegende Zusammenstellung der Veröffentlichungen auf dem Gebiet „Moor und Torf“ umfasst 80 Titel. Der Anteil der uns bekannt gewordenen Neuveröffentlichungen beträgt 70 %.
    Description: DGMT
    Description: I. GEOWISSENSCHAFTEN ; II. TORFGEWINNUNG UND -VERWERTUNG ; III. LANDWIRTSCHAFT, FORSTWIRTSCHAFT UND GARTENBAU ; IV. CHEMIE, PHYSIK UND BIOLOGIE ; V. NATURSCHUTZ UND RAUMORDNUNG ; VI. MEDIZIN UND BALNEOLOGIE ; VII. VERSCHIEDENES ; VIII. GESETZE UND VERORDNUNGEN ; IX. KARTEN
    Description: bibliography
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-22
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-22
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2022-03-22
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2022-03-22
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
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    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
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    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
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