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  • 1
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    Climato-stratigraphic subdivision of the Pleistocene in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany and adjoining areas (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In Schleswig-Holstein wurden in den zurückliegenden vier Jahrzehnten detaillierte Untersuchungen an Probenmaterial aus Aufschlüssen und Kernbohrungen durchgeführt. Analysen der Kiesfraktion und von ‚Leitgeschieben‘ aus glazialen Ablagerungen wurden für die Interpretation und Korrelation genutzt. Glazifluviatile Sedimente wurden TL- und OSL-datiert. Zusammen mit der stratigraphischen Information aus organischen Ablagerungen konnte eine neue klimatostratigraphische Tabelle des Pleistozäns für Schleswig-Holstein mit revidierter Gliederung des Mittel- und Oberpleistozäns erstellt werden. Die Pollensequenz der ältesten pleistozänen Warmzeit (Warmhörn-Thermomer) wird erstmals veröffentlicht. Das Unterpleistozän (Altpleistozän) und das untere Mittelpleistozän sind bei Lieth und bei Gorleben (Niedersachsen) in zwei kontinuierlichen Schichtfolgen vollständig dokumentiert, abgelagert in einem Wechsel von warmen und kalten Klimaphasen. Der oberste Abschnitt der Abfolge von Lieth und der unterste der Abfolge von Gorleben überlappen. Die kombinierte Abfolge bietet ein einzigartiges Referenzprofil für Korrelationen innerhalb Europas. Bisher wurden in Schleswig-Holstein nur drei Kaltzeiten mit Vergletscherungen nachgewiesen, Elster- und Saale-Kaltzeit im oberen Mittelpleistozän und die Weichsel-Kaltzeit im Oberpleistozän. Eine mögliche prä-elsterzeitliche Vergletscherung wird diskutiert. Die Holstein-Warmzeit wird mit MIS 9e korreliert. Das Saale umfasst einen unteren Abschnitt mit nicht-glaziären Kaltzeiten und mit Warmzeiten, der ‚Wacken-Warmzeit‘ (=Dömnitz) und der ‚Leck-Warmzeit‘, korreliert mit MIS 7e und MIS 7c, und einen glaziären oberen Abschnitt. Während des Weichsel gab es wahrscheinlich zwei Phasen mit Vergletscherung, die erste im frühen Mittelweichsel (‚Ellund-Phase‘, spätes MIS 4 oder/und frühes MIS 3), die zweite im oberen Weichsel (MIS 2). Die weichselzeitliche Vergletscherung Schleswig-Holsteins endet um 15 ka BP, als großflächige stagnierende Eisflächen und Toteismassen des Jungbaltischen Gletschervorstoßes (‘Mecklenburg-Phase’) schmolzen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; pleistocene ; schleswig-holstein ; pléistocène ; correlations ; climato-stratigraphic table
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 2
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    Driving mechanisms of Holocene lagoon development and barrier accretion in Northern Elis, Peloponnese, inferred from the sedimentary record of the Kotychi Lagoon (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: As part of the lagoon barrier accretions plain characterizing the NW coast of the Peloponnese, the Kotychi Lagoon is believed to have formed in the prograding delta of the Palaeo-Peneus River over 7000 years ago. Geochemical/sedimentological proxies-data (XRF, grain size, OC-, IC-, C/N-analysis) combined with Bayesian age-depth-modeling revealed that from 8500 to 8000 cal BP marine conditions were prevailing. Around 8000 cal BP, a short-lived sequence of coastline progradation and barrier accretion created lagoonal conditions. Thus, the first chronological control for the onset of lagoon formation in coastal Elis is presented. Pronounced lagoonal conditions developed approximately 6300 cal BP, simultaneously to the period of circum-Mediterranean lagoon formation. A rapidly varying sedimentary record indicates a phase of geomorphological instability between 5200 and 3500 cal BP terminating with the erosional unconformity of a river channel. This evolution reflects a two-phase development: (1) Early Holocene morphology was controlled by the postglacial sea level rise; (2) with receding of the ice sheets by mid-Holocene, the preeminent role of the eustatic signal was overwhelmed giving local and regional processes, such as human-induced soil erosion and climatic forcing an accentuated role. Thus, the evolution of the Elean coastline shows analogies to circum-Mediterranean lagoon formation.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; geochemistry ; lagoon ; sea level change ; Greece ; Holocene coastal evolution ; XRF
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 3
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    Climato-stratigraphic subdivision of the Pleistocene in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany and adjoining areas (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In Schleswig-Holstein detailed petrographical and palynological studies were undertaken with samples from exposures and core drillings examined over the last four decades. Analyses of the gravel fraction and ‘indicator rocks’ of glacial deposits were used for stratigraphical interpretations and correlation. Glaciofluvial sediments were dated by TL and OSL. Combined with the stratigraphical information from organic deposits, a new climato-stratigraphic table of the Pleistocene for Schleswig-Holstein with a revised subdivision of the Middle and Late Pleistocene could be established. The pollen sequence of the oldest Pleistocene warm phase (Warmhörn-Thermomer) is published for the first time. The complete Early Pleistocene and lower Middle Pleistocene stratigraphical sequence is documented at Lieth and at Gorleben (Lower Saxony) in two continuous successions of organic beds developed during warm phases alternating with cold phase deposits. The uppermost part of the Lieth succession and the lowermost part of Gorleben overlap. The combined succession provides a unique reference for correlations through Europe. No more than three cold stages involving glaciation are demonstrated to exist currently in Schleswig-Holstein, the Elsterian and the Saalian in the upper Middle Pleistocene, and the Weichselian in the Late Pleistocene. A possible pre-Elsterian glaciation is discussed. The Holsteinian is correlated with MIS 9e. The Saalian includes a lower part with non-glacial cold phases and warm phases, the ‘Wacken-Warmzeit’ (=Dömnitz) and the ‘Leck-Warmzeit’ correlated with MIS 7e and MIS 7c respectively, and a glacial upper part. During the Weichselian probably two phases of glaciation existed, the first in the early Middle Weichselian (‘Ellund-Phase’; late MIS 4 or/and the early MIS 3), the second in the Upper Weichselian (MIS 2). The Weichselian glaciation of Schleswig-Holstein ends around 15 ka BP when huge stagnant and dead ice masses of the Young Baltic glacier advance (‘Mecklenburg-Phase’) melted.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; pleistocene ; schleswig-holstein ; pléistocène ; correlations ; climato-stratigraphic table
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 4
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    Ice Age geomorphological Ahorn Valley and Ailsbach River terrace evolution – and its importance for the cave use possibilities by cave bears, top predators (hyenas, wolves and lions) and humans (Neanderthals, Late Palaeolithics) in the Frankonian Karst (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The Sophie’s Cave in Upper Franconia, Bavaria (South Germany) eroded into Upper Jurassic reef dolomite and is a perfect model including all three stages of cave development ranging from a 1. ponor cave, to 2. intermediate periodically flooded cave to 3. dry cave. The key position of the cave along the Ahorn Valley, a side valley of the larger Wiesent River Valley, allow a cave genesis and evolution reconstruction which started in the Pliocene. The main refill took place in the Quaternary with Middle to Late Pleistocene river terrace sediments, present as relict sediments. Seven valley genesis stages between Pliocene to final Late Pleistocene can be separated in elevations of 440 to 375 meters a.s.l. The lowering of the Ailsbach River in the Ahorn Valley is important to understand the accessibility of caves for Pleistocene animals and Palaeolithic humans in different valley positions and elevations during different times in Upper Franconia, and the natural erosive opening/closing of cave entrances towards drainage valleys.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; bavaria ; cave ; ice age ; Ahorn Valley ; Alsbach River ; terrace evolution ; bears ; humans ; Neanderthals ; Late Palaeolithics
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Holotype skulls, stratigraphy, bone taphonomy and excavation history in the Zoolithen Cave and new theory about Esper’s “great deluge” (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: The Zoolithen Cave, in the Wiesent River Valley of Upper Franconia, Bavaria, South Germany, has a very long excavation history. The site is of international paleobiological importance as the Type site for five Pleistocene top predators (cave bear, Ice Age hyena, lion, wolf, dhole). This large cave system has developed in three elevations and preserves three fluvial sedimentary sequences including two speleothem genesis phases representing changing ponor, dry and wet stages from the Oligocene/Miocene (Neogene), over the Pliocene/Early Pleistocene to Late Pleistocene. The cave bear Ursus deningeri used the cave as den during the MIS 6–9 (Holsteinian interglacial-Saalian glacial). Single P4 tooth and skull shape analyses (“= cave bear clock”) date different cave bear species (U. spelaeus eremus/spelaeus, U. ingressus) within the Late Pleistocene (MIS 3–5d). Finally the bones of other Pleistocene megamammals were washed from two former cave entrances at elevations of about 455 m a.s.l. up to 30 meters deep into lower elevation cave parts, during the Last Glacial Maximum (Post-U. deningeri times or Postglacial), -historically believed to be the result of the “great deluge”. The young “river terrace dolomite gravels” which occur as relic sediments at elevations of about 455 a.s.l in several caves around Muggendorf cannot be explained by natural erosion/river terrace stratigraphy, and must relate to an uncertain glacial context. Finally Iron Age (La Tène) humans left secondary burials (human skulls and long bones with pottery and after-life food animal donations) only in the first deep vertical shaft (Aufzugsschacht) similar to the situation in the nearby Esper’s Cave.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; stratigraphy ; Holotype skulls ; bone taphonomy ; excavation history of the Zoolithen Cave ; new theory about Esper's "great deluge"
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    "Spongy, slimy, cosy & more" (2014)
    Universitätsverlag Göttingen, Göttingen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This volume contains papers presented in part at a symposium held in May 2012 at Göttingen University, to honour Professor Joachim Reitner for his numerous contributions to the fields of geobiology, geology, and palaeontology. Our present volume reflects the breadth of Reitnerś interests and accomplishement with tributes and research or review papers by his students, former students, collaborators, and friends. The symposium was held in conjunction with Joachim Reitnerś 60th birthday.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 560 ; VU 500 ; VV 500 ; Festschriften {Geobiologie} ; Festschriften {Paläontologie} ; 38.20
    Language: English
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: PDF-Datei: 201 S., ca. 20 MB
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  • 7
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    Ice-Rafted Erratics and Bergmounds from Pleistocene Outburst Floods, Rattlesnake Mountain, Washington, USA (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Exotic ice-rafted debris from the breakup of ice-dammed glacial lakes Missoula and Columbia is common in slackwater areas along the 1,100-km route for outburst floods in the northwestern US. A detailed analysis was performed at Rattlesnake Mountain, which lay beyond the limit of the former ice sheet, where an exceptionally high concentration of ice-rafted debris exists midway along the floods’ path. Here floodwaters temporarily rose to 380 m elevation (forming short-lived Lake Lewis) behind the first substantial hydraulic constriction for the outburst floods near Wallula Gap. Within the 60 km2 study area more than 2,100 erratic isolates and clusters, as well as bergmounds were recorded. Three quarters of erratic boulders are of an exotic granitic composition, which stand in stark contrast to dark Columbia River basalt, the sole bedrock in the region. Other exotics include Proterozoic quartzite and argillite as well as gneiss, diorite, schist and gabbro, all once in direct contact with the Cordilleran Ice Sheet to the north. Most ice-rafted debris is concentrated between 200 and 300 m elevation. Far fewer erratics and bergmounds lie above 300 m elevation because of the preponderance of less-than-maximum floods. Plus, larger deep-rooted icebergs were forced to ground farther away from the ancient shorelines of transient Lake Lewis. As floodwaters moved across the uneven surface of Rattlesnake Mountain, many erratic-bearing icebergs congregated into pre-existing gullies that trend crosswise to flood flow.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; ice-rafted debris ; erratic ; bergmound ; Missoula floods ; Wallula Gap ; Lake Lewis ; glacial Lake Missoula ; Wisconsin Glaciation ; Columbia River basalt
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Holocene Evolution of the South-Western Baltic Coast - Geologiacal, Archaeological and Palaeo-environmental Aspects. Field meeting of INQUA Subcommission V Sea-level Changes and Coastal Evolution. Western Europe, September 22 - 27, 2002. (2014)
    Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Univ. Greifswald
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-26
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 910 ; QGB 221 ; QGG 100 ; VDI 220 ; VAT 110 ; olozän ; Ostseeküste Südwest ; Geologie ; Deutsches Ostseeküstengebiet {Geographie} ; Teilräume von Osteuropa {Geographie} ; Holozän ; Küstendynamik und Küstenmorphologie einzelner Regionen {Geologie} ; 38.55 ; 74.19
    Language: English
    Type: map , publishedVersion , anthology
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  • 9
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    Europeanisation - peripherisation? EU-enlargement and touristical strategies of rural areas. Report of SOKRATES Intensive-Programme in Greifswald, 19th of March - 31st of March 2006 (2014)
    Univ. Greifswald
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    Publication Date: 2021-10-26
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 910 ; QGA 200 ; QEE 000 ; Europäische Union ; Peripherer Raum ; Tourismus ; Kongress ; Greifswald 〈2006〉 ; Europäische Union {Geographie} ; Geographie von Freizeit und Tourismus ; 74.09 ; 74.19
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Understanding Change in Patterns of Vulnerability (2014)
    Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung
    In:  PIK Report
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: A methodology to assess future development in patterns of vulnerability is presented which can support the assessment of global policies with regard to their impacts on specific vulnerabilities on the regional or local scale. Patterns of vulnerability, formalized by vulnerability profiles (e.g. for the livelihoods of dryland smallholder farmers) were investigated under different consistent indicator scenarios reflecting different global policies. After unfolding several principal possibilities to do such an analysis of temporal change in vulnerability patterns we could conclude that the concept of “Clusters of Change” (CoCs) is the most straight forward and promising approach. The main arguments are that each interpretation has necessarily to consider both, the starting situation and it’s change over time (”poor and heavily improving”, ”rich and stagnating” etc.). This implies that we are looking for patterns which represent typical combinations of present states AND expected future changes. An application of the CoC-concept to the drylands vulnerability patterns considering the indicator set for the present situation and the same indicator set for 2050 under a baseline scenario was performed as a test. Comparison of the present vulnerability cluster partition with the spatial distribution of the CoCs revealed that most of these clusters are separated into an improving and a deteriorating part which shows where winners and losers of the baseline scenario are – an interesting result which illustrates the appropriateness of the CoC – method. To explore the potential of CoCs for the dryland vulnerability we applied the method to two different sets of scenarios until 2050: a baseline vs. Climate policy scenario (OECD, 2012) and a ”policy first” scenario vs. ”security first” scenario (UNEP, 2007). The first one serves as an example for a policy assessment while the second compares the vulnerability consequences of two scenarios based on different story-lines of further global development. The main conclusion to be drawn from these calculations is that the CoCs are rather insensitive with regard to the small differences between the scenarios. Regarding the first set of scenarios the relatively short time horizon of relevant influences of climate policies on climate change impacts and several indicators which are not influenced at all generate only a very small difference. The only significant change in the resulting vulnerability profiles was in the values of change in water scarcity: it was lower for all profiles in the climate policy case. The second set of scenarios is not directly related to policy decisions but to different global story-lines which deviate stronger. This resulted in an increasing cluster number from 4 (policy first) to 5 (security first) clusters, about 20% of the pixels changing cluster membership, 3 clusters showing the same spatial extent for both scenarios but the 4th cluster (“policy first”) “losing” India which generates a separate cluster in the “security first” scenario. This allows for the interpretation that a further development according to the “security first”-storyline compared to the “policy first”-storyline would make a difference particularly for India. Closer inspection of the respective profile shows a qualitatively different situation indicating increased vulnerability compared to the “policy first” scenario where India shares one cluster with e.g., Northern Africa.
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Tropical forest degradation in the Brazilian Amazon: Relation to fire and land-use change (2014)
    In:  Advances in Forest Fire Research
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: While deforestation represents an obvious ecosystem change, forest degradation is often more difficult to discern or quantify, but it impacts anumber of ecosystem functions which are vital for biodiversity and climate feedbacks. In the Brazilian Amazon, land-use changes increasefire occurrence, especially in fragmented forests close to managed land. We used remote sensing imagery to estimate the extent and impact of forest fires in degraded tropical rain-forest in the Brazilian Legal Amazon between 2007 and 2010and examinedland-use establishing in degraded areas. The trends in degraded area vs. burned area were different. Even though degradation increased one year after a high fire year, there wasnospatialoverlap, which pointsto other causes for degradation. Up to 11% of the degraded area was burned in the same year, playing escaping fires from managed and deforested lands a significant role in degradation by fire. Eighty-fourpercent of 2007s degraded area remained forest one year later, whereas the rest was identified as deforestation, secondary vegetation or pasture.Three years after degradation, 80% remained forest, the proportion of deforested area decreased and areas in regeneration after being deforested increased. Monitoring of forest degradation across tropical forests is critical for developing land management policies and for carbon stocks/emissions estimation.
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    The non-statistical dynamics of the 18O + 32O2 isotope exchange reaction at two energies (2014)
    In:  Journal of Chemical Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: The dynamics of the 18O(3P) + 32O2 isotope exchange reaction were studied using crossed atomic and molecular beams at collision energies (Ecoll) of 5.7 and 7.3 kcal/mol, and experimental results were compared with quantum statistical (QS) and quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) calculations on the O3(X1A’) potential energy surface (PES) of Babikov et al. [D. Babikov, B. K. Kendrick, R. B. Walker, R. T. Pack, P. Fleurat-Lesard, and R. Schinke, J. Chem. Phys.118, 6298 (2003)]. In both QS and QCT calculations, agreement with experiment was markedly improved by performing calculations with the experimental distribution of collision energies instead of fixed at the average collision energy. At both collision energies, the scattering displayed a forward bias, with a smaller bias at the lower Ecoll. Comparisons with the QS calculations suggest that 34O2 is produced with a non-statistical rovibrational distribution that is hotter than predicted, and the discrepancy is larger at the lower Ecoll. If this underprediction of rovibrational excitation by the QS method is not due to PES errors and/or to non-adiabatic effects not included in the calculations, then this collision energy dependence is opposite to what might be expected based on collision complex lifetime arguments and opposite to that measured for the forward bias. While the QCT calculations captured the experimental product vibrational energy distribution better than the QS method, the QCT results underpredicted rotationally excited products, overpredicted forward-bias and predicted a trend in the strength of forward-bias with collision energy opposite to that measured, indicating that it does not completely capture the dynamic behavior measured in the experiment. Thus, these results further underscore the need for improvement in theoretical treatments of dynamics on the O3(X1A’) PES and perhaps of the PES itself in order to better understand and predict non-statistical effects in this reaction and in the formation of ozone (in which the intermediate O3 * complex is collisionally stabilized by a third body). The scattering data presented here at two different collision energies provide important benchmarks to guide these improvements.
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    The link between atmospheric radicals and newly formed particles at a spruce forest site in Germany (2014)
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Abstract. It has been claimed for more than a century that atmospheric new particle formation is primarily influenced by the presence of sulfuric acid. However, the activation process of sulfuric acid related clusters into detectable particles is still an unresolved topic. In this study we focus on the PARADE campaign measurements conducted during August/September 2011 at Mt Kleiner Feldberg in central Germany. During this campaign a set of radicals, organic and inorganic compounds and oxidants and aerosol properties were measured or calculated. We compared a range of organic and inorganic nucleation theories, evaluating their ability to simulate measured particle formation rates at 3 nm in diameter (J3) for a variety of different conditions. Nucleation mechanisms involving only sulfuric acid tentatively captured the observed noon-time daily maximum in J3, but displayed an increasing difference to J3 measurements during the rest of the diurnal cycle. Including large organic radicals, i.e. organic peroxy radicals (RO2) deriving from monoterpenes and their oxidation products, in the nucleation mechanism improved the correlation between observed and simulated J3. This supports a recently proposed empirical relationship for new particle formation that has been used in global models. However, the best match between theory and measurements for the site of interest was found for an activation process based on large organic peroxy radicals and stabilised Criegee intermediates (sCI). This novel laboratory-derived algorithm simulated the daily pattern and intensity of J3 observed in the ambient data. In this algorithm organic derived radicals are involved in activation and growth and link the formation rate of smallest aerosol particles with OH during daytime and NO3 during night-time. Because the RO2 lifetime is controlled by HO2 and NO we conclude that peroxy radicals and NO seem to play an important role for ambient radical chemistry not only with respect to oxidation capacity but also for the activation process of new particle formation. This is supposed to have significant impact of atmospheric radical species on aerosol chemistry and should be taken into account when studying the impact of new particles in climate feedback cycles.
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Biochar application to soil for climate change mitigation by soil organic carbon sequestration (2014)
    In:  Journal of plant nutrition and soil science
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Sustainable Synthetic Fuels (2014)
    In:  IASS Fact Sheet
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: The use of fossil hydrocarbons in the energy and transport sectors is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. It also ties our society to ever dwindling reserves. Synthetic fuels could play a crucial role in establishing a carbon neutral energy supply.
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Technology, Aura, Dialogue: The "EnergyTransitionArt" Exhibition (2014)
    In:  IASS Blog, 17.11.2014
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: In the basement, in an alcove that's almost a small room, stands a small wood stove. If it weren't on a pedestal, it would barely be a metre high; but even so it's small, almost cute. The wood from which it's made appears to be untreated; its whiteness is rustic, quaint, innocent. It takes a minute to realise what's wrong. A 'wood stove' should be a stove for burning wood - not one made of wood. It should make combustion possible without itself being combustible.
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    IASS activities 2012–2013: science for sustainability (2014)
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Brochure
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Asilomar moments: formative framings in recombinant DNA and solar climate engineering research (2014)
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: We examine the claim that in governance for solar climate engineering research, and especially field tests, there is no need for external governance beyond existing mechanisms such as peer review and environmental impact assessments that aim to assess technically defined risks to the physical environment. By drawing on the historical debate on recombinant DNA research, we show that defining risks is not a technical question but a complex process of narrative formation. Governance emerges from within, and as a response to, narratives of what is at stake in a debate. In applying this finding to the case of climate engineering, we find that the emerging narrative differs starkly from the narrative that gave meaning to rDNA technology during its formative period, with important implications for governance. While the narrative of rDNA technology was closed down to narrowly focus on technical risks, that of climate engineering continues to open up and includes social, political and ethical issues. This suggests that, in order to be legitimate, governance must take into account this broad perception of what constitutes the relevant issues and risks of climate engineering, requiring governance that goes beyond existing mechanisms that focus on technical risks. Even small-scale field tests with negligible impacts on the physical environment warrant additional governance as they raise broader concerns that go beyond the immediate impacts of individual experiments.
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  • 19
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    Numerical modeling of MgB2 conductors for high power AC transmission (2014)
    In:  Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
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  • 20
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    From shouting matches to productive dialogue - establishing stakeholder participation in Polish fisheries governance (2014)
    In:  International Journal of Sustainable Development
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
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  • 21
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    Fugitive Emissions in Shale Gas Production Negate Climate Benefits (2014)
    In:  IASS Blog, 01.12.2014
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: It is often claimed that a higher ratio of natural gas to coal in our energy mix can mitigate current carbon dioxide emissions and serve as a 'bridge' to future renewable-based scenarios. This is because the carbon footprint of energy produced through the combustion of methane is about half that of energy produced from coal.
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    Sensitivity of air pollution simulations with LOTOS-EUROS to the temporal distribution of anthropogenic emissions (2014)
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: In this study the sensitivity of the model performance of the chemistry transport model (CTM) LOTOS-EUROS to the description of the temporal variability of emissions was investigated. Currently the temporal release of anthropogenic emissions is described by European average diurnal, weekly and seasonal time profiles per sector. These default time profiles largely neglect the variation of emission strength with activity patterns, region, species, emission process and meteorology. The three sources dealt with in this study are combustion in energy and transformation industries (SNAP1), nonindustrial combustion (SNAP2) and road transport (SNAP7). First of all, the impact of neglecting the temporal emission profiles for these SNAP categories on simulated concentrations was explored. In a second step, we constructed more detailed emission time profiles for the three categories and quantified their impact on the model performance both separately as well as combined. The performance in comparison to observations for Germany was quantified for the pollutants NO2, SO2 and PM10 and compared to a simulation using the default LOTOS-EUROS emission time profiles. The LOTOS-EUROS simulations were performed for the year 2006 with a temporal resolution of 1 h and a horizontal resolution of approximately 25 × 25km2. In general the largest impact on the model performance was found when neglecting the default time profiles for the three categories. The daily average correlation coefficient for instance decreased by 0.04 (NO2), 0.11 (SO2) and 0.01 (PM10) at German urban background stations compared to the default simulation. A systematic increase in the correlation coefficient is found when using the new time profiles. The size of the increase depends on the source category, component and station. Using national profiles for road transport showed important improvements in the explained variability over the weekdays as well as the diurnal cycle for NO2. The largest impact of the SNAP1 and 2 profiles were found for SO2. When using all new time profiles simultaneously in one simulation, the daily average correlation coefficient increased by 0.05 (NO2), 0.07 (SO2) and 0.03 (PM10) at urban background stations in Germany. This exercise showed that to improve the performance of a CTM, a better representation of the distribution of anthropogenic emission in time is recommendable. This can be done by developing a dynamical emission model that takes into account regional specific factors and meteorology.
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    Climate Action Programme - On the Need for 'Structural' Change (2014)
    In:  IASS Blog, 18.12.2014
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
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    Clean Up Our Skies: On a New Commentary Piece in "Nature" (2014)
    In:  IASS Blog, 20.11.2014
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: This December, the 20th United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conference of the Parties (COP) will be held in Lima, Peru. There climate change negotiations will focus on reducing emissions of carbon dioxide, the long-lived greenhouse gas primarily responsible for anthropogenic climate change. However, on the short-term, air pollutants that also have an influence on climate, known as short-lived climate forcing pollutants (SLCPs) should also be addressed.
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    A multi-model assessment of regional climate disparities caused by solar geoengineering (2014)
    In:  Environmental Research Letters
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Global-scale solar geoengineering is the deliberate modification of the climate system to offset some amount of anthropogenic climate change by reducing the amount of incident solar radiation at the surface. These changes to the planetary energy budget result in differential regional climate effects. For the first time, we quantitatively evaluate the potential for regional disparities in a multi-model context using results from a model experiment that offsets the forcing from a quadrupling of CO2 via reduction in solar irradiance. We evaluate temperature and precipitation changes in 22 geographic regions spanning most of Earthʼs continental area. Moderate amounts of solar reduction (up to 85% of the amount that returns global mean temperatures to preindustrial levels) result in regional temperature values that are closer to preindustrial levels than an un-geoengineered, high CO2 world for all regions and all models. However, in all but one model, there is at least one region for which no amount of solar reduction can restore precipitation toward its preindustrial value. For most metrics considering simultaneous changes in both variables, temperature and precipitation values in all regions are closer to the preindustrial climate for a moderate amount of solar reduction than for no solar reduction.
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    The EU-Russia Energy Game – Who’s in the Lead? (2014)
    In:  The International Relations and Security Network
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
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    A Sustainable Template for Mesoporous Zeolite Synthesis (2014)
    In:  Journal of the American Chemical Society
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: A generalized synthesis of high-quality,mesoporous zeolite (e.g., MFI-type) nanocrystals ispresented, based on a biomass-derived, monolithic Ndopedcarbonaceous template. As an example, ZSM-5single crystals with desirable large-diameter (12−16 nm)intracrystalline mesopores are synthesized. The platformprovides scope to optimize template dimensions andchemistry for the synthesis of a range of micro-/mesoporous crystalline zeolites in a cost-effective andhighly flexible manner.
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    Right-Sized Policy-Making - A New Model for International Cooperation (2014)
    In:  SGI - Sustainable Governance Indicators News
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
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    Reforming Development Trajectories? Institutional Change of Forest Tenure in the Brazilian Amazon. With a foreword by Klaus Töpfer (2014)
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Dissertation
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
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    CO2 as an Asset? (2014)
    In:  IASS Fact Sheet
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Carbon dioxide is a harmful greenhouse gas. But it is also the basic ingredient of countless chemical products. In recent years, research on the sequestration and practical use of carbon dioxide has yielded a number of important initial breakthroughs.
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    Urbanisierung und Ernährungssicherung (2014)
    In:  WeltRisikoBericht 2014: Schwerpunkt: Risikoraum Stadt
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
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    Shale gas: what it could really mean for Europe (2014)
    In:  energy post, 16.06.2014
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
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    Contributions Towards a Sustainable World. In Dialogue with Klaus Töpfer (2014)
    oekom verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Klaus Töpfer, Executive Director of the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) in Potsdam, former UN Under-Secretary-General and Executive Director of the UN Environment Programme as well as Minister for the Environment in Germany, turned 75 in 2013. His outstanding achievements inspired us to assemble this volume. Klaus Töpfer has been at the forefront of sustainability efforts for several decades, with a long track record of turning vision into reality, and a firm conviction that knowledge can be a crucial building block for transitions towards sustainability. Our world is shaped, more than ever before, by human activities. The scope of technology, to systemically alter nature in ways impossible for previous generations to comprehend, requests and requires a new relationship with »planet Earth.« Such a relationship may speak, in the end, not just of profit and loss but also of a new meaning of wealth, including a sense of ethics, stewardship, and responsibility. For the time being, it seems paramount to face these new challenges, striving for new ways of understanding and, subsequently, new modes of response.
    Description: Ernst Th. Rietschel - Foreword page 9Achim Steiner – Foreword page 11Falk Schmidt, Nick Nuttall - Sustainable, Transformative, Democratic: Klaus Töpfer’s Contributions for Transitions Towards Sustainability page 13Paul J. Crutzen - The Anthropocene: When Humankind Overrides Nature page 21Maheswar Rupakheti and Mark Lawrence - From Buddha Air to Dirty Air to Clean Air: The ABCs of South Asia page 29Veerabhadran Ramanathan - The Two Worlds We Inhabit: The Top Four Billion (T4B) and the Bottom Three Billion (B3B) page 41Hans Joachim Schellnhuber - Climate Change, the Monarch Butterfly, and Intergenerational Contracting page 51Reinhard F. Hüttl - Caring for the ‘Skin of the Earth’—Soils as a Critical Component of Global Development page 61Joachim von Braun - Guiding Urban–Rural Linkages Toward Sustainable Development page 75Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker - Klaus Töpfer at 75 page 97Mario Tobias - Translating Knowledge into Action: How Do Innovative Technologies Enable Sustainability? page 103Matthias Kleiner, Caroline A. Lodemann - Science in Democracy—Knowledge Exchange in an Informed Society page 111Carlo Rubbia - Innovative Scientific and Technological Developments for a Coherent Energy Policy page 123Laurence Tubiana, Andreas Rüdinger, Thomas Spencer - Evolution of the Energy Transition in Germany, France, and Europe: A Process in the Making page 127Pekka Haavisto - Global Contract for Sustainability page 141Klaus Milke and Christoph Bals - Acting–Negotiations–Alliances: The ‘Energiewende’ in Germany and its Relevance to the Great Transformation and a Global Contract page 147Karsten Sach - IRENA – A Story of Conviction, Perseverance, and Transformation page 159Manfred Konukiewitz - International Climate Finance for Developing Countries: The Green Climate Fund aims for Transformative Ambition page 173Uwe Schneidewind and Mandy Singer-Brodowski - Enabling the Great Transformation: Transdisciplinarity as Individual and Institutional Challenge page 189Günther Bachmann - Steam Engines, Renewable Energies & Co. page 201Volker Hauff - Governance: The Deficit on the Way to Sustainability page 221WAN Gang - Professor Klaus Töpfer: Promoter of Scientific Cooperation page 233Fengting Li, Jiang Wu, Dahe Jiang,Dong Li, and Sun Jie - Professor Klaus Töpfer: Leading the Way to a Sustainable Future page 237Juan Mayr Maldonado - Klaus Töpfer: A Visionary Leader, Charismatic, and Humanist page 243Massoumeh Ebtekar - Klaus Töpfer: A Pioneer for the Environmental Dimension of Dialogue among Civilizations page 253James Gustave Speth - New Economy Transformation: The Eight-fold Way page 257Timothy E. Wirth - Klaus Töpfer at 75: Remarks of the Honoroble Timothy E. Wirth page 263Ralf Fücks - End or Beginning? page 271Angelika Zahrnt - On the Recapturing of Alternatives page 275Claus Leggewie - Transnational Citizenship. Ideals and European Citizenship: Legal and Cultural Dimensions page 285Ulrich Beck - Transformations of the Social and Political: Beyond Methodological Nationalism page 297Authors page 309
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    Sensitivity simulations with direct shortwave radiative forcing by aeolian dust during glacial cycles (2014)
    In:  Climate of the Past
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Possible feedback effects between aeolian dust, climate and ice sheets are studied for the first time with an Earth system model of intermediate complexity over the late Pleistocene period. Correlations between climate and dust deposition records suggest that aeolian dust potentially plays an important role for the evolution of glacial cycles. Here climatic effects from the dust direct radiative forcing (DRF) caused by absorption and scattering of solar radiation are investigated. Key elements controlling the dust DRF are the atmospheric dust distribution and the absorption-scattering efficiency of dust aerosols. Effective physical parameters in the description of these elements are varied within uncertainty ranges known from available data and detailed model studies. Although the parameters can be reasonably constrained, the simulated dust DRF spans a~wide uncertainty range related to the strong nonlinearity of the Earth system. In our simulations, the dust DRF is highly localized. Medium-range parameters result in negative DRF of several watts per square metre in regions close to major dust sources and negligible values elsewhere. In the case of high absorption efficiency, the local dust DRF can reach positive values and the global mean DRF can be insignificantly small. In the case of low absorption efficiency, the dust DRF can produce a significant global cooling in glacial periods, which leads to a doubling of the maximum glacial ice volume relative to the case with small dust DRF. DRF-induced temperature and precipitation changes can either be attenuated or amplified through a feedback loop involving the dust cycle. The sensitivity experiments suggest that depending on dust optical parameters, dust DRF has the potential to either damp or reinforce glacial–interglacial climate changes.
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    De nouveaux outils pour relancer la finance carbone (2014)
    In:  Le Monde
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: French
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    You Are What You Breathe? Measuring Air Quality in Berlin (2014)
    In:  IASS Blog, 23.12.2014
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Berlin may not be the Netherlands, but there is definitely a fair amount of bicycling infrastructure throughout the city. And if you're biking in Berlin you're not alone on the road with only cars for company either. The debate about which cities are the best for biking aside, I enjoy biking, and this summer I biked home from work at least once a week. For me, this meant a journey of roughly 30 km and just under two hours depending on traffic, traffic lights, and how much energy I had at the end of the work day.
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