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  • Glazialgeologie  (130)
  • ddc:300  (102)
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  • English  (221)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-01-18
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2018-11-21
    Description: In this article, the author discusses efforts to establish financial transparency as a norm for the extractive sector. The paper resulted from a fellowship at the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies (AICGS) at Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, in May and June 2013.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-01-18
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Cham : Springer
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
    Description: It is widely accepted that environmental awareness is essential, yet does not inevitably lead to responsible use of resources. Additional factors on the individual level include the meaning constructed by the term "resources" and the individual and social norms that influence the relevant behavior. Current didactic concepts do not take into account such aspects. Therefore, this article uses a didactic-psychological approach for designing an educational concept for raising awareness for a responsible use of natural resources. Combining insights of environmental psychology and of constructivist didactics, a general principal of "norm-oriented interpretation learning" is outlined to enrich the didactic debate on responsible and efficient resource use. Based on the presentation of a qualifying module for resource efficiency consultants as a practical example of resource education, a new didactical approach, namely "open-didactic exploration" (short form: ODE) is introduced. The article discusses the theory-based elements of ODE and illustrates a step by step process for designing educational materials. This adds to the theoretical debate about a didactic design for resource oriented education. Furthermore, this method can be directly used by practitioners developing education and training material (e.g., teachers, trainers in vocational education). The Wuppertal Institute developed and applied this method in numerous projects. The conclusion and outlook discusses future expectations and scope of the introduced ODE method as a contribution to foster "norm-oriented interpretation learning", suggesting perspectives for further development.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 7
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    München : Goethe-Inst.
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Berlin : German Advisory Council on Global Change
    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
    Description: The year 2015 has special importance for the transformation towards sustainable development. New Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are then supposed to replace the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The aim is to offer a new orientation for political action in the coming decades. The WBGU recommends orienting the new catalogue of goals towards the key message of the 1992 Earth Summit: that development and environmental protection must be considered together and do not contradict each other. The SDGs should not be reduced to poverty eradication, but must address all dimensions of sustainable development. In particular, global environmental change must be incorporated, otherwise even poverty eradication will become impossible. Up to now, too little attention has been paid to this link in the ongoing discourse on SDGs. Although many reports mention the concept of planetary guard rails or planetary boundaries, they do not back this up with specific targets. The WBGU presents recommendations on how guard rails for global environmental problems should be incorporated in the SDG catalogue and operationalized by means of corresponding targets.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Description: Access to sustainable and affordable energy services is a crucial factor in reducing poverty in developing countries. In particular, small-scale and community-based renewable energy projects are recognized as important forms of development assistance for reaching the energy poor. However, to date only a few empirical evaluations exist which analyze and compare the impact of these projects on local living conditions and their sustainability ex-post implementation. To better understand the impacts and the conditions that influence sustainability of these projects, the research presented in this paper evaluated 23 local development projects post implementation. By applying an standardized evaluation design to a cross-sectional sample in terms of renewable energy sources (solar, wind, biomass, hydro), user needs (electricity, food preparation, lighting, productive uses), community management models, finance mechanisms and geographical locations, the review results provide valuable insights on the underlying conditions that influence the success or failure of these small-scale local energy interventions. The empirical evidence suggests that the sustainability of small-scale energy implementations (≤100 kW) in developing countries is determined by the same factors, independent of the socio-cultural, political and ecological context. These findings allow to better predict the long-term success of small sustainable energy projects in developing countries, this can help to improve project designs and increase the certainty for future investment decisions.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    London : Earthscan
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 12
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    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:300
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
    Description: In contrast to the original investigation by William Stanley Jevons, compensations of energy savings due to improved energy efficiency are mostly analyzed by providing energy consumption or greenhouse gas emissions. In support of a sustainable resource management, this paper analyzes so-called rebound effects based on resource use. Material flows and associated expenditures by households allow for calculating resource intensities and marginal propensities to consume. Marginal propensities to consume are estimated from data of the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) in order to account for indirect rebound effects for food, housing and mobility. Resource intensities are estimated in terms of total material requirements per household final consumption expenditures along the Classification of Individual Consumption according to Purpose (COICOP). Eventually, rebound effects are indicated on the basis of published saving scenarios in resource and energy demand for Germany. In sum, compensations due to rebound effects are lowest for food while the highest compensations are induced for mobility. This is foremost the result of a relatively high resource intensity of food and a relatively low resource intensity in mobility. Findings are provided by giving various propensity scenarios in order to cope with income differences in Germany. The author concludes that policies on resource conservation need to reconsider rebound effects under the aspect of social heterogeneity.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 14
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    Berlin : Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
    Description: Sufficient lifestyles can be considered both necessary and desirable on a personal level, but supporting framework conditions need to be created politically. This includes overall economic policy and its goals as well as specific sectors like mobility, education or health policy.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2018-11-21
    Description: A decent, or sufficient, lifestyle is largely considered an important objective in terms of a sustainable future. However, there can be strongly varying definitions of what a decent lifestyle means. From a social sustainability point of view, a decent lifestyle can be defined as the minimum level of consumption ensuring an acceptable quality of life. From an ecological sustainability point of view, a decent lifestyle can be defined as a lifestyle that does not exceed the carrying capacity of nature in terms of natural resource use. The paper presents results of a study on the natural resource use of 18 single households belonging to the lowest income decile in Finland. The yearly "material footprint" of each household was calculated on the basis of the data gathered in a questionnaire and two interviews. The results show that the natural resource use of the participating households was lower than the one of the average consumer. Furthermore, 12 of 18 households had a smaller material footprint than the "decent minimum" reference budget defined by a consumer panel. However, the resource use of all the households and lifestyles studied is still higher than long-term ecological sustainability would require. The paper concludes that the material footprint is a suitable approach for defining and measuring a decent lifestyle and provides valuable information on how to dematerialize societies towards sustainability.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 18
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    Berlin : Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung
    Publication Date: 2019-01-18
    Keywords: ddc:300
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  • 19
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    Bonn : Stiftung Entwicklung und Frieden
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Description: Among the factors that decelerate progress of CCS demonstration and deployment is the lack of public acceptance of local projects in Germany as well as in other countries. The study presented here aims to take the issue of public CCS perceptions further by empirically investigating the relevance of different specifications of the three main steps of the CCS chain, i.e. capture, transport and storage. An experimental approach is chosen and applied in an online survey with a representative sample from Germany with 1830 participants. With regard to possible CO2 sources we varied whether the CO2 of a specific setting is captured i) as part of an energy-intensive industry process (e.g. production of steel or cement), ii) from a power plant running on biomass, or iii) a coal-fired power plant. For transport, half of the settings described made reference to transport of CO2 via pipelines, the other half did not provide information about transport. With regard to storage the setting descriptions i) either explained that CO2 can be stored in saline aquifers, ii) can be used to enhance gas production from an emptying natural gas field or iii) can be stored in a depleted natural gas field. We find that overall the average of the ratings for perception of the settings fall into the neutral part of the answering scale. If the source of CO2 is a coal-fired power plant the setting is perceived less positively than if it includes biomass or industry. A significant interaction effect between transport and storage specifications is observed. This points out that storage in saline aquifers is perceived more negatively than a combination with enhanced gas recovery while storage in a depleted natural gas field is rated less positively if a pipeline is mentioned and more positively if no transport option is mentioned.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 21
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Changing consumer behaviour is key to reducing the environmental effects of industrialised societies. Social practice theories provide an integrated approach to understanding consumer behaviour. The mechanisms underlying the emergence and diffusion of social practices are however until now poorly understood. This paper presents a conceptual framework and an abstract agent-based simulation model for generating social practices which use and extend approaches from social practice theories. The main results are twofold. First, the simulation model is able to generate social practices, what confirms that the conceptual framework captures relevant elements and processes. Second, a new mechanism for behavioural lock-in is identified that provides additional insights into the widely acknowledged challenge of changing social practices and respective consumption.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 22
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    Berlin : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Since in 1992 the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) has been held in Rio de Janeiro, efforts to achieve sustainable development appear to have made only insufficient progress, as the results of the 2012 follow-up conference show. One reason for this is that among the various paths to sustainability being discussed, the strategies enjoying greater support are those that continue to be committed to economic and material growth, this as opposed to those that question the growth paradigm. Among the latter are the sufficiency and subsistence approaches. The sufficiency approach delves into the causes and (supposed) boons of a continuous increase in material and immaterial goods. With the demand that individuals not always be forced to always want more, it points out a way to a structural transition in society. The subsistence approach, on the other hand, seeks to draft a path to greater autonomy and quality of life by strengthening regional, local or indi-vidual self-provisioning. To be in harmony with sustainability, it must be possible to freely choose the two ways of life; they must not be mandated by the authorities.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This guidebook - developed by the Wuppertal Institute - is meant to accomplish two things: i) to provide some hands-on examples of how the transformational impact of capacity development activities can be enhanced and ii) to give some guidance on identifying which activities should be funded. Applying these guidelines will (hopefully) help to create the enabling conditions needed to increase the transformational impact of climate finance. Moreover, this guidebook should be seen as a bridge between the work of development cooperation and the global debate on transformation by giving guidance and demonstrating the practical value of this concept.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The diversification of the national electricity generation mix has risen to the top of Tunisia's energy planning agenda. Presently, natural gas provides 96% of the primary energy for electric power generation, but declining domestic gas reserves and a soaring electricity demand are urgently calling for alternative fuel strategies. Currently discussed diversification options include the introduction of coal and nuclear power plants and/or an increased use of renewable energies. This article presents a methodology to assess different electricity system transformation strategies. By combining an electricity market model with a subsequent multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), we evaluate five power mix scenarios regarding power generation costs as well as non-economic dimensions such as energy security, environmental impact and social welfare effects. Based on criteria valuations obtained during consultations with Tunisian stakeholders, a final, best-ranking electricity scenario was selected, consisting of 15% wind, 15% solar and 70% natural gas-generated electricity in the national power mix by 2030.
    Keywords: ddc:300
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: A book promoting policies to make it easier to live the Good Life must do two things. Firstly, it must demonstrate that such policies are necessary; secondly, it must set out how such a policy programme is to be implemented. In other words, it has to show that the politics of sufficiency is feasible. "The Politics of Sufficiency" deals with claims of feasibility, and with the objections to them. It demonstrates that a politics of the Good Life can be both justified and legitimated in modern free democratic societies - indeed, that it is an essential condition of such societies. The main section of the book sets out in detail how such a politics can be implemented, organised along four political dimensions. At the same time, this book can only represent a beginning, and that is its aim - a starting-point for a broad discussion over the coming years.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This paper draws upon an extensive transdisciplinary scenario development in the context of the stakeholder oriented preparation of the climate protection plan of the German federal state North Rhine-Westphalia, which is home to the most important heavy industry cluster in Europe. In that context we developed differentiated bottom up climate change mitigation strategies and scenarios for the major energy intensive industries aluminium, iron and steel, cement, lime, paper and steam cracker for olefin production together with representatives of industry as well as society.
    Keywords: ddc:300
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The use of models to study the dynamics of transitions is challenging because of several aspects of transitions, notably complexity, multi-domain and multi-level interactions. These challenges are shared by other research areas that extensively make use of models. In this article we survey experiences and methodological approaches developed in the research areas of social-ecological modeling, integrated assessment, and environmental modeling, and derive lessons to be learnt for model use in transition studies. In order to account for specific challenges associated with different kinds of model applications we classify models according to their uses: for understanding transitions, for providing case-specific policy advice, and for facilitating stakeholder processes. The assessment reveals promising research directions for transition modeling, such as model-to-model analysis, pattern-oriented modeling, advanced sensitivity analysis, development of a shared conceptual framework, and use of modeling protocols.
    Keywords: ddc:300
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:300
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2020-06-29
    Keywords: ddc:300
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Description: Both focus group discussions and information-choice questionnaires (ICQs) have previously been used to examine informed public opinions about carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). This paper presents an extensive experimental study to systematically examine and compare the quality of opinions created by these two research techniques. Depending on experimental condition, participants either participated in a focus group meeting or completed an ICQ. In both conditions participants received identical factual information about two specific CCS options. After having processed the information, they indicated their overall opinion about each CCS option. The quality of these opinions was determined by looking at three outcome-oriented indicators of opinion quality: consistency, stability, and confidence. Results for all three indicators showed that ICQs yielded higher-quality opinions than focus groups, but also that focus groups did not perform poor in this regard. Implications for the choice between focus group discussions and ICQs are discussed.
    Keywords: ddc:300
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:300
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  • 34
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    Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2018-11-21
    Description: The need of recycling obsolete mobile phones has significantly increased with the worldwide propagation of mobile phones and their inherent rapid turnover. In this article, we examine the acceptance of mobile phone return programs by using the Technology Acceptance Model and multiple case studies. Our findings can provide valuable recommendations for the setup of future mobile phone return programs.
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  • 36
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    Wuppertal : UNEP/Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie Collaborating Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2018-11-21
    Description: Current well-being research often overlooks human dependency on natural resources and undervalues the way environmental impacts affect human activities. This article argues that the capability approach provides an applicable framework for inquiring into ecologically sustainable well-being. Therefore, this pilot study aims to develop a research method for integrating the measurement of natural resource use with capability-based well-being research. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 18 Finnish minimum income receivers and their natural resource use (material footprints) was measured in five central functionings by using the Material Input Per Unit of Service (MIPS) method. The connections between capabilities, functionings and material footprints are interpreted from a person-centered perspective in order to explain the individual variety in material footprints. The results show that the material footprints of minimum income receivers are smaller than with an average Finn but they still exceed what is estimated to be an ecologically sustainable level of natural resource use.
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
    Description: Resource efficiency in production and technological innovations are inadequate for considerably reducing the current use of natural resources. Both social innovations and a complementary and equally valued strategy of sustainable consumption are required: goods must be used longer, and services that support collaborative consumption (CC) patterns must be extended. "Using rather than owning" strategies, such as product sharing, have the potential to conserve resources. Based on the results of different German studies, this article highlights the resource-saving potentials of CC patterns and recommendations proposed for policies and further research questions. The purpose of this paper is to show that a general resource-saving potential can be realized by "use rather than own" schemes, depending on the application field and the framework for implementation. CC is suitable for making a positive contribution to achieving the Factor 10 target by playing an important role in changing consumer patterns.
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
    Description: This paper argues that the contemporary growth paradigm needs to be reconsidered on a micro level of consumption and product service-systems. This becomes necessary since a dynamic link between macro strategies and micro implementation of sustainable growth is missing up to date. Therefore, mainstream sustainability strategies of efficiency and consistency are extended by sufficiency in order to integrate strategies for individual welfare within their social environment. Limits to and drivers for growth are revised and updated socially in terms of qualitative values, diminishing marginal utility or symbolic social distinction. We elaborate a definition of sustainable growth that fosters individual welfare by enhancing social enactment within the boundaries of environmental space. Shifting focus on social aspects in design fosters more sustainable production and consumption patterns while sustaining individual welfare. We derive latent indications for eco-intelligent product service-arrangements and evaluate to concepts by referring to introduced definitions and according indications. With doing so, we illustrate new pathways for the translation of sustainable growth and strategies into product service-systems.
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Description: This chapter addresses material leakage as a major problem of international open markets for used goods, in particular for used vehicles. It develops elements of an international metal covenant that should allow for a more sustainable management of global material flows in that area. The arguments in favour of such a proposal are as follows: Any regulation should actively seek for industry participation, taking advantage of business interest in supplying a sufficient amount of materials while lowering materials cost. It should also address public issues such as sustainability of recycling and waste. A first section analyses contracts as a tool to overcome knowledge problems that occur when many actors are involved. A second short section gives empirical evidence for material leakage in the case of used vehicles from Germany. A third section develops elements of an international metal covenant. A fourth section analyses potential impacts and discusses legal and institutional issues. Finally, some conclusions are drawn.
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
    Description: The need for recycling obsolete mobile phones has significantly increased with their rapidly growing worldwide production and distribution. Return and recycling rates are quite low; people tend to keep old, unused phones at home instead of returning them for recycling or further use because of a lack of knowledge and acceptance of return programmes. Thus far, individual use and recycling behavior has not shown any trend towards more sustainable patterns. Consequently, an increased awareness is needed for the high environmental and social impact throughout the whole value chain of a mobile phone - there is simply a lack of information and knowledge regarding sustainability issues around the mobile phone. A teaching material was therefore developed in a German research project, based on the concept of the ecological rucksack, presenting comprehensive information about the value chain of a mobile phone. Its application in different schools led to an increased awareness and interest among pupils for the connection between sustainability, resources and mobile phones. Based on these research results, this paper analyses young people’s knowledge of sustainability issues linked to their mobile phones and their acceptance of more sustainable behavioral patterns regarding their mobile, including return and recycling programmes.
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2018-11-21
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Description: In communication sciences partnerships between entertainment media professionals and sustainability organizations conveying prosocial messages are called "Entertainment-Education (E-E) collaborations". Whereas comprehensive research takes place in countries such as the Netherlands and the US, the field is a terra incognita in Germany. Even though German E-E collaborations are designed and implemented they still are unusual experiments. The qualitative study presents first results on characteristics, conditions and forms of E-E collaborations in Germany's television field since the 1990s. It reveals various factors leading to a highly complex situation for the collaborating partners. One central factor is the media legislation, which does not provide a clear orientation standard for the partners. Another one is the public acceptance of E-E collaborations. Some forms are accepted while others are not. Hence, for German television formats, forms with a low to medium level of collaboration (E-E service and E-E license partnerships) should be preferred in contrast to high level collaboration forms (E-E co-productions and E-E inscript participations).
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The river Emscher is - similar to the river Ruhr - the symbol of one of the internationally most renowned industrial regions: the Ruhr area with its 5 million inhabitants and an important location of key industries such as steel, chemical and materials industry. The revitalisation of the Emscher over the last 20 years marks a new phase in the region's history and is an impressive example of ecological and socio-economic transformation affecting all aspects of life along the river. What can we learn from the Emscher conversion for upcoming tasks in other infrastructure fields?
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The article argues for a need to overcome a conventional notion of product design. In this regard, the article offers an integrative and systemic approach to sustainable design. Instead of focusing on objects, a user-centred perspective is adopted. A sustainable design of products and services requires the integration of production-orientated (efficiency and consistency) and consumption-orientated (sufficiency) strategies. The article introduces the concept of an indicator that is capable of comprehending a lifecycle-wide analysis of products and that favours the integration of existing sustainability strategies. The goal is not to design sustainable products but rather to design systems that manage to foster sustainable lifestyles. The article illustrates the usability of the introduced concept by showing examples of strategic integrative thinking in sustainable design from the Sustainable Summer Schools.
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The Sino-German project "Low Carbon Future Cities" (LCFC) aims to develop a low carbon strategy for its Chinese pilot city Wuxi. The strategy primarily focuses on carbon mitigation, but also considers links with the issues of resource efficiency and adaption to climate change. This report written by Daniel Vallentin, Carmen Dienst and Chun Xia offers strategic examples of good practice and makes recommendations to Wuxi city government about the changes that key sectors can adopt in order to comply with its low carbon targets. The recommendations are based on scientific analyses which were undertaken earlier in the LCFC project.
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: A cost-minimizing electricity market model was used to explore optimized infrastructures for the integration of renewable energies in interconnected North African power systems until 2030. The results show that the five countries Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt could together achieve significant economic benefits, reaching up to EUR 3.4 billion, if they increase power system integration, build interconnectors and cooperate on joint utilization of their generation assets. Net electricity exports out of North Africa to Europe or Eastern Mediterranean regions, however, were not observed in the regime of integrated electricity markets until 2030, and could only be realized by much higher levels of renewable energy penetration than currently foreseen by North African governments.
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2021-12-07
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  • 52
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
    Publication Date: 2022-12-05
    Description: Another summit of change, known as Rio+20, has passed in summer 2012, nourishing the rumours of a green economy. Building up a green economy seems to be the all over recipe for different crises of capitalism, among them climate change and resource scarcity. Yet efficiency and consistency, as their main strategies, do not suffice to reach sustainable levels, as they cause rebound effects and keep stimulating economy growth. Obviously, there are limits to green growth, too. Can we conceive an economy, and respective economic institutions, that serve human needs and wealth without a built-in necessity to grow? What kind of political, mental, and individual changes does a sufficiency economy require? And what are perspectives and policies to actually start implementing it? Just before Rio +20 the symposium "Economy of Sufficiency", devoted to Wolfgang Sachs on the occasion of his 65th birthday in 2011, examined these questions in three dimensions. Accordingly this selection of contributions to the symposium follows the chapters "Wealth in diversity" (Ashok Khosla, Marianne Gronemeyer, Vandana Shiva), "Enjoyable limits" (Richard B. Norgaard, Tim Jackson) and "Creating commons" (Ezio Manzini, Silke Helfrich). The essays indicate the historical development of the ideas on a sufficiency economy. Wandering through discourses of sustainable development for several decades, the authors map the range of perspectives, practices as well as barriers and bridge them between cultures, agencies and schools.
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: Our perception of design is changing, for design today is no longer concerned only with aesthetics. Now the key factors are interdisciplinary competence and approaches to problem solving. Both politicians as well as businesses recognise design's hybridity and increasingly implement it as a driver of sustainable development (see Chap. 2: Design as a Key Management Factor for Sustainability). But what exactly does "sustainability" mean? What does it mean in this specific context? People must make use of natural resources to meet their basic needs. In this process, resources are transferred into commercial circulation and usually transformed into products with a particular function. Yet the environment is limited and humanity uses more resources than the Earth can sustainably provide. It is time to rethink and generate the same usage while consuming fewer resources (see Chap. 3: Environmental Space - Challenging Transitions). Most countries have incorporated sustainability strategies into their political agendas in order to counteract the threats of climate change caused by the overuse of natural resources, high CO2 emissions, and other factors. The indicators for these strategies vary greatly from country to country (see Chap. 4: Sustainability - Challenges, Politics, Indicators). These indicators need to be taken into account if we are to successfully implement a product or service within a specific context. A concept can only be successful when country-specific indicators are taken into account and the societal context is incorporated into the plan right from the start. The goal is to develop services that support national sustainability targets in production and consumption systems (see Chap. 5: Managing Sustainable Development). When it comes to companies, these changes can simply be introduced in the form of services or products. In the end, it is the users who decide on the success or failure of innovative solutions by either integrating them into their daily lives or ignoring them. Solutions will only be integrated into users' lives when their role within the social framework remains unchallenged by behavioural transformations caused by use of the solution. In order for users to be able to adopt innovations, sustainable development must take place simultaneously on many different levels. These multi-levelled transitions allow for the transformation of society as a whole. Designers can act as agents of change by providing the needed innovations (see Chap. 6: Transition Requires Change Agents for Sustainability). If we are to develop suitable solutions and new approaches, the real needs have to be analysed at the beginning of the development process. New physical products, which frequently result in auxiliary products, are often developed without taking into account the overall context, whereas the development of service-orientated solutions is ignored. A physical product is not absolutely necessary. A service (which is naturally dependent on physical products) can usually fulfil the need just as well - or perhaps even better and at a lower cost – while using fewer or no resources (see Chap. 7: Needs & Services - An Approach). There are a variety of possible approaches to integrate sustainability into the design process (see Chap. 8: Design Process). Precisely which solution is "most or more sustainable" (this is dependent on the defined targets and the indicators used) is often not immediately obvious, and we must turn to a set of methods for a transparent and tangible assessment (see Chap. 9: Sustainability Assessment in Design - Overview and Integration of Methods).
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  • 54
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    Halifax : Fernwood | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Description: "Planet Dialectics" explores the ambivalences and ironies, the controversies and conflicts that pervade the terrain of global environmental politics. Most inquiries turn around one nagging suspicion: that the Western development model is at odds with both the quest for justice among the world's people and the aspiration to reconcile humanity and nature. By any stretch of imagination, it will not be possible that all citizens of the world will share in the fossil fuel-based, money-driven development model - with all its attendant paraphernalia - that has come to hold sway in the world today. The biosphere, as we know it, may give in. Against this background, the book probes Western-style development, examines its hidden assumptions, its glamour, its obsessions and the hopes it holds out for a better life. Moreover, it examines under various aspects if sustainability (truly conceived) - comprising both ecology and social fairness - is incompatible with the worldwide rule of economism. And finally, it suggests ways to leave conventional modernity behind by creating sophisticated but moderate-impact technologies, redirecting relentless accumulation, and appreciating ways of living that are simpler in means, but richer in ends.
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
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  • 57
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    Lyngby : Technical Univ. of Denmark | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Description: This paper attempts to assess whether renewable energy self-sufficiency can be achieved in the crop production and processing sector in Tanzania and if this could be accomplished in an environmentally sustainable manner. In order to answer these questions the theoretical energy potential of process residues from commercially produced agricultural crops in Tanzania is evaluated. Furthermore, a set of sustainability indicators with focus on environmental criteria is applied to identify risks and opportunities of using these residues for energy generation. In particular, the positive and negative effects on the land-use-system (soil fertility, water use and quality, biodiversity, etc.) are evaluated. The results show that energy generation with certain agricultural process residues could not only improve and secure the energy supply but could also improve the sustainability of current land-use practices.
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  • 59
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    Lyngby : Technical Univ. of Denmark | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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  • 60
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    Lyngby : Technical Univ. of Denmark | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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  • 61
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    Cheltenham : Elgar | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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  • 62
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2020-06-29
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  • 64
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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  • 65
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    Wuppertal : UNEP/Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie Collaborating Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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  • 66
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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  • 68
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    Totnes : Green Books | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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  • 70
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    London : Zed Books | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Description: Sustainable energy technologies are widely sought-after as essential elements in facing global challenges such as energy security, global warming and poverty reduction. However, in spite of their promising advantages, sustainable energy technologies make only a marginal contribution to meeting energy related needs in both industrialised and developing countries, in comparison to the widespread use of unsustainable technologies. One of the most significant constraints to their adoption and broad diffusion is the socio-economic context in which sustainable energy technologies are supposed to operate. The same holds true for community-based energy projects in developing countries supported by the WISIONS initiative. Practical strategies dealing with these socio-economic challenges are crucial elements for project design and, particularly, for the implementation of project activities. In this paper experiences from implementing community-based projects are reviewed in order to identify the practical elements that are relevant to overcome socio-economic challenges. In order to systematise the findings, an analytical framework is proposed, which combines analytical tools from the socio-technical transition framework and insights from participative approaches to development.
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  • 72
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Description: This PhD aims to generate a better understanding of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in global production networks. CSR is an umbrella term that deals with voluntary activities undertaken by companies and that indicate an ethos to act responsibly in society. This research focuses on CSR practices that aim towards improving working conditions in outsourced production factories by implementing so-called social standards, which often derive from core norms of the International Labour Organization and intend to secure decent working conditions. While companies claim that they take responsibility for workers via CSR practices, civil society actors like the Clean Clothes Campaign criticize CSR as public relations exercise as companies still fail to take "sufficient" responsibility. Based on this contradiction this PhD aims to reveal the political contestation surrounding CSR and the struggles over CSR between companies and civil society organizations claiming to represent workers in global production networks. The main questions are: What practices do companies use to take responsibility for workers in outsourced production, how do they legitimize these practices, and how are these approaches contested? The research is based on theoretical concepts of "shared responsibility", "political CSR" and "democratic legitimacy". The "global production network" framework and a framework for analysing private regulation, referring to legislative, judicial, and executive regulation, are applied. Empirically, the research analyses two private standards initiatives that define and institutionalize CSR practices, namely the Fair Wear Foundation (FWF) and the Business Social Compliance Initiative (BSCI). The findings are mainly based on 150 qualitative interviews with representatives from companies, civil society, auditing companies, and governments. Additionally, documents are evaluated. Empirical research was undertaken in Europe (mainly Germany & Switzerland) and Asia (India & Bangladesh). The research findings suggest that the CSR practices defined by BSCI and the FWF are based on rather different interpretations of the causes of worker injustice. The BSCI is based on a belief in a concept of liberal democracy. In this view companies do not need to legitimate their activities, as long as they comply with national laws. Responsibility is based on a liability model that blames producers and national governments for neglecting their responsibility towards workers. Companies joining the BSCI take the responsibility of initiating processes in developing countries that demand governments, producers and civil society actors in these countries to take responsibility. In contrast, the approach of the FWF is based on an understanding of "structural injustice" and "shared responsibility". In this view violations of labour rights are identified to be inherent in the complexities of global production networks themselves. No single actor can be blamed for the injustices, and therefore corporations "share" a responsibility, and must engage in public discourses according to their power and abilities, what is seen as a "political" form of CSR.
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    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
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    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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  • 75
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    Puylaurens : Les Amis de la Terre Europe | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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    Language: French
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    Lyngby : Technical Univ. of Denmark | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2020-03-02
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    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
    Description: This thesis explores the opportunities and constraints for the adoption of a post-growth economy as a plausible approach towards sustainability by social movements. With the transdisciplinary perspective of sustainability science, the qualitative study of social movements and post-growth found that Germany does not have a post-growth movement. Nevertheless, the environmental movement and, in particular, Friends of the Earth Germany are suitable candidates of change for post-growth. However, they have not adopted post-growth yet because of certain gaps in bridging concepts of post-growth with their own work. To fill this gap, the study recommends to operationalize post-growth in five steps: (1) to distinguish between "sustainable liberalism" and "fair de-growth" as two major types of post-growth, (2) to re-frame the promises of economic growth as myths, (3) to complement "political choice" as means towards post-growth with "social choice", (4) to identify and compile areas of a post-growth economy, and (5) to overcome the inherent power dilemma between agents of change and actors of these areas, that are required to be transformed, while forming coalitions between both. If these recommendations are taken into account by academics and activists, the environmental movement is more likely to successfully activate causal mechanisms of change for the transition to a post-growth economy. With its critique on the current comprehension of progress as economic growth, postgrowth is initiating a new, more fruitful phase of the sustainability discourse.
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to summarize and discuss the results from the LIVING LAB design study, a project within the 7th Framework Programme of the European Union. The aim of this project was to develop the conceptual design of the LIVING LAB Research Infrastructure that will be used to research human interaction with, and stimulate the adoption of, sustainable, smart and healthy innovations around the home. Design/methodology/approach - A LIVING LAB is a combined lab-/household system, analysing existing product-service-systems as well as technical and socioeconomic influences focused on the social needs of people, aiming at the development of integrated technical and social innovations and simultaneously promoting the conditions of sustainable development (highest resource efficiency, highest user orientation, etc.). This approach allows the development and testing of sustainable domestic technologies, while putting the user on centre stage. Findings - As this paper discusses the design study, no actual findings can be presented here but the focus is on presenting the research approach. Originality/value - The two elements (real homes and living laboratories) of this approach are what make the LIVING LAB research infrastructure unique. The research conducted in LIVING LAB will be innovative in several respects. First, it will contribute to market innovation by producing breakthroughs in sustainable domestic technologies that will be easy to install, user friendly and that meet environmental performance standards in real life. Second, research from LIVING LAB will contribute to innovation in practice by pioneering new forms of in-context, user-centred research, including long-term and cross-cultural research.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The purpose of the paper is to share the findings of a European innovation transfer project (2008-2010) for strengthening sustainability in European handicraft with the aim of transferring a German qualification and consulting concept. The focus of the paper is a train-the-trainer design, which was developed, tested and evaluated with regard to the specific qualification needs and the existing qualification concepts of five European countries. The paper provides content, didactic approach and methods of the train-the-trainer design and the key results of the related analysis of research data. Furthermore, the train-the-trainer design is embedded within the project approach, the methodology of realising an innovation transfer and the associated project products. The results of the train-the-trainer design evaluation are reflected upon with regard to starting points of a European qualification concept for sustainability in handicraft.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 82
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The multi-level perspective has successfully been applied to the analysis of complex sector transitions in the energy, the health or the food production sector. Is this framework also helpful to understand and give prescriptive advice for sustainability transformations within a national science system? Based on a comprehensive study of the diffusion of transdisciplinary sustainability research in Germany, this article analyzes the institutional dimension of a changing science-society relation in the German science system. It uses the multi-level perspective as a fruitful heuristic in order to identify potential pathways for a broader diffusion of transdisciplinary sustainability science. The importance of niche coalitions of frontrunner universities and research institutes are highlighted.
    Keywords: ddc:300
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2021-12-07
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2021-12-07
    Description: Increasing urbanisation and climate change belong to the greatest challenges of the 21st century. A high share of global greenhouse gas emissions are estimated to originate in urban areas (40 % to 78 % according to UN Habitat 2010). Therefore, low carbon city strategies and concepts implicate large greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potentials. At the same time, with high population and infrastructure densities as well as concentrated economic activities, cities are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and need to adapt. Scarce natural resources further constrain the leeway for long-term, sustainable urban development. The Low Carbon Future Cities (LCFC) project aims at tapping this three-dimensional challenge and will develop an integrated strategy / roadmap, balancing low carbon development, gains in resource efficiency and adaptation to climate change. The study focuses on two pilot regions - one in China (Wuxi) and one in Germany (Düsseldorf+) - and is conducted by a German-Chinese research team supported by the German Stiftung Mercator. The paper gives an overview of first outcomes of the analysis of the status quo and assessment of the most likely developments regarding GHG emissions, climate impacts and resource use in Wuxi. The project developed an emission inventory for Wuxi to identify key sectors for further analysis and low carbon scenarios. The future development of energy demand and related CO2 emissions in 2030 were simulated in the current policy scenario (CPS), using five different sub-models. Selected aspects of Wuxi's current material and water flows were analysed and modelled for energy transformation and the building sector. Current and future climate impacts and vulnerability were investigated. Recent climatic changes and resulting damages were analysed, expected changes in temperature and precipitation in the coming four decades were projected using ensembles of three General Circulation Models. Although Wuxi's government started a path to implement a low carbon plan, the first results show that more ambitious efforts are needed to overcome the challenges faced.
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  • 85
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-10-28
    Description: To achieve an efficient use and allocation of limited water resources and thus resolve increasing water use conflicts due to fast rising societal water demands, in 2000, the Chinese government started a management strategy of 'Construction of a Water Saving Society (WSS)'. It is guided by the principle that socio-economic development should consider the carrying capacity of the ecosystem and focuses on institutional innovation, building on the water rights concept. This paper explores the innovation process during the transition towards WSS by investigating the development course of the innovation process during the transition towards WSS, and the adaptive capacity of the existing water management regime underlying the innovation process. Accordingly, an analysis framework consisting of three types of governance activities and factors determining a regime's adaptive capacity was developed, based on the theory of transition management and adaptive governance. The Tianjin and Zhangye WSS experiments were selected for a deep understanding of local innovations. It is revealed that co-evolution of all three types of governance activities that are claimed to be essential for transition has taken place. However, the current adaptive capacity of the regime still needs further enhancement to support the transition towards the desired WSS in China. Finally, some general insights are provided for policy innovations in other political economies.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 86
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-10-28
    Description: This study aims to investigate whether, to what extent and how a transition toward integrated flood management has taken place in the Dongting Lake area at the middle Yangtze. Accordingly, we conducted a longitudinal research of its flood management (1949–2009). We developed an analytical framework linking regime components to two societal learning types (double and triple-loop learning) that are key to a regime transition. Our study shows that the transition toward integrated flood management has already started, but the whole regime transformation will still take time to complete, due to, for example, the not-yet-ready decision-making processes that shape the structure changes as well as the incompatibilities between what is on paper and real implementation. To understand how the regime transition took place, we investigated where and how triple-loop learning was initiated as well as how so-called "informal learning processes" has contributed to the transition of Dongting flood management.
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  • 87
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
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    El Paso : Social Justice Initiative | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2021-05-07
    Description: Mittels kontinuierlicher und hochauflösender μXRF-Geochemieanalysen wird die Variabilität äolischer Sedimente der letzten 60.000 Jahre rekonstruiert. Dazu werden zwei Sedimentbohrkerne jeweils aus einem Maarsee und einem Trockenenmaar (Eifel, Deutschland) untersucht. Beide Kerne umfassen das letzte Glazial, einschließlich des MIS-3, des LGM und MIS-2, Transition I als auch das Holozän. Die energiedispersive RFA-Messungen der Eagle III μXRF wird direkt an Harz imprägnierten Proben angewendet. Diese sogenannten Tränklinge bilden die Grundlage für die Herstellung von petrographischen Dünnschliffen und somit können die Messergebnisse direkt mit einer Mikrofaziesanalyse verglichen werden. Anhand eines Sedimentkerns wird gezeigt, dass eine Quantifizierung der μXRF-Ergebnisse mittels der undamentalparametermethode geeignete ist. Eine Überprüfung der Ergebnisse findet dabei mit wellenlängen-dispersiven RFA-Messungen an diskreten Proben statt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich jedes einzelne Maar in der lithologischen Zusammensetzung und damit auch geochemisch unterscheidet. Deshalb wird auf die grundlegenden Prozesse der Elementdeposition in die Seen eingegangen, die mit der Ablagerung von Sedimenten, der Variabilität der chemischen Verwitterung oder der Wasserzirkulation in Zusammenhang stehen. Mittels Hauptkomponentenanalysen standardisierter Variablen ist darüber hinaus die objektive Ableitung eines äolischen Sedimentsignals möglich. Es wird gezeigt, dass dieser Ansatz verlässliche Ergebnisse für alle untersuchten Zeitabschnitte liefert, solange für die Interpretation weitere Kenntnisse über die Lithologie und Paläoökologie zur Verfügung stehen. Das auffälligste Element zur Charakterisierung von Staub ist in beiden untersuchten Kernen Kalzium. Die höchsten Werte (〉5 Gew.-%) werden während vollglazialer Bedingungen erreicht. Kalzium hat einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf den Staubfaktor der Hauptkomponentenanalyse. Eine zusätzliche Kombination der Kalziumgehalte mit dem Staubfaktor der Hauptkomponentenanalyse sowie Grauwertmessungen verbessert den Nachweis äolischen Staubs in laminierten Seesedimenten zusätzlich. In beiden Kernen konnten Sedimente mit erhöhten Staubkonzentrationen geochemisch nachgewiesen werden: Während des MIS-3 sind das vor allem das größte Heinrich-Ereignis H4 sowie der Anstieg des atmosphärischen Staubgehalts während der Wiedervereisung der Inlandsgletscher. Weiterhin ist das gesamte MIS-2 einschließlich LGM und der Jüngeren Dryas von starker Staubdeposition charakterisiert. Eine erhöhte Staubkonzentration ist ebenfalls ab dem Subboreal nachgewiesen und wird als anthropogene Aktivität gedeutet.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; geochemistry ; lacustrine sediment ; μXFR ; aeolian sediment ; last glacial cycle ; PCA
    Language: English
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Es werden geomorphologische und quartärgeologische Gelände- und Labordaten und deren Auswertung zur maximalen würmzeitlichen (ca. 60-18 ka) Vergletscherung von Zentral- und Süd-Karakorum sowie auf dem Deosai Plateau vorgelegt. Sie zeigen, dass der Zentral-Karakorum und seine Südabdachung im Zeitraum zwischen etwa 60 und 20 ka von einem zusammenhängenden, ca. 125 000 km² großen Eisstromnetz mit einer Mächtigkeit von 2400-2900 m bedeckt gewesen sind. Dieses Eisstromnetz ist zum Indus-Gletscher zusammengeflossen. Das Zungenende des Indus- Gletschers reichte bis auf 850-800 m ü. M. hinab. Die Oberfläche des Indus-Eistromnetzes lag in seinem Zentrum bei gut 6000 m ü. M.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; tibet ; karakoram ; glacial geomorphology ; coalescing ice stream network ; last glacial period ; glacier thickness
    Language: English
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Entstehung der niedersächsischen Küstenlandschaften ist während der letzten 8000 Jahre eng mit Meeresspiegelfluktuationen verbunden, die Phasen von Meeresspiegelabsenkungen und -anstiegen ebenso umfassen wie Stillstandsphasen. Transgressive Abschnitte zeichnen sich vor allem durch sandige und tonig-schluffige Ablagerungen aus, während Regressionsphasen zum Teil durch Torf gekennzeichnet sind, der sich in Phasen verlangsamten Meeresspiegelanstieges seewärts auf marine Ablagerungen ausbreiten konnte. Auch auf den Ostfriesischen Inseln ergeben sich Möglichkeiten paläoökologischer Untersuchungen, die ungefähr bis in die Zeitenwende zurückreichen. Hier können vor allem ältere Salzwiesenhorizonte und Wattschichten genutzt werden, die heute infolge von Strandverschiebungen am seeseitigen Strand einiger Inseln erosiv freigelegt werden. Diese Horizonte bilden natürliche Pegelmarken, an denen zurückliegende Meeresspiegelstände rekonstruiert werden können. In diesem Artikel werden diatomologische Ergebnisse vorgestellt, die an Bohrungen und Profilen der festländischen Küste und Ostfriesischen Inseln erarbeitet wurden. Die Diatomeen-Vergesellschaftungen klastischer Sedimente, die während Transgressions-phasen abgesetzt wurden, sind generell durch pelagische und litorale marine Arten charakterisiert. Im Kontakt zu den Ablagerungen des Basaltorfes treten verstärkt oligo- bis mesohalobe Arten hinzu. Dies legt den Schluss nahe, dass sich dieser erste transgressive Kontakt nicht erosiv, sondern fließend vollzogen hat. Die Wattablagerungen sind vornehmlich durch eine Artenkombination poly- bis mesohalober Arten gekennzeichnet, während lagunäre Sedimente häufiger litorale brackische und schwach verkieselte Arten aufweisen. Dies deutet auf einen geringeren Salzgehalt und ruhige Ablagerungsbedingungen hin. Die eingeschalteten Niedermoortorfe mit Vhragmites zeigen einen Anstieg litoraler oligohalober Arten und bezeugen somit den Rückgang der Salinität und mithin eine regressive Phase innerhalb der Meeresspiegel-Entwicklung. Salzwiesenablagerungen sowohl auf den Inseln als auch im Kontakt zum pleistozänen Hinterland werden durch aerophile litorale Spezies charakterisiert, Überflutungsereignisse deuten sich durch stärkere Nachweise pelagi-scher mariner Diatomeen an. Sowohl Ablagerungen feuchter Dünentäler, die im Untersuchungsgebiet nur auf den Ostfriesischen Inseln auftreten, als auch die am höchsten gelegenen Bereiche der Salzwiese beherbergen eine Vielzahl oligohalober Spezies und unterstreichen auf diese Weise den zurückgehenden marinen Einfluss.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; germany ; north sea ; holocene ; palaeoecology ; diatom analysis ; sea-level change ; palaeoenvironment
    Language: English
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; palaeoecology ; human settlement ; late weichselian ; ne germany ; landscape development
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2021-05-07
    Description: Im Rahmen des Projektes „Prospektion Paläolithikum im Indetal“ der Stiftung Archäologie im Rheinischen Braunkohlenrevier wurden in den Jahren 2005 und 2006 im Tagebau Inden zwischen Jülich-Kirchberg und Lamersdorf die pleistozänen Deckschichten mittels 20 Baggertiefschnitten sondiert. Ziel war es, fossile Landoberflächen und mögliche paläolithische Siedlungsplätze zu finden und freizulegen. Im Dezember 2005 konnte in der Ortslage Inden-Altdorf eine mittelpaläolithische Fundschicht aus dem Eem-Interglazial entdeckt werden, die bis September 2006 auf einer Fläche von 3000 m² archäologisch untersucht werden konnte. Es fanden sich 700 Steinartefakte und herbeigebrachte Gerölle, aber auch evidente Grubenbefunde und Feuerstellen. Drei Baumwürfe lagen mitten in der Hauptartefaktkonzentration und waren wohl in das Siedlungsgeschehen eingebunden. Die Artefaktoberflächen waren kantenscharf und nicht patiniert, so dass die durchgeführten Gebrauchsspurenanalysen außergewöhnlich erfolgreich waren. Auf 120 der insgesamt 136 für die Gebrauchsspurenanalyse ausgewählten Artefakte fanden sich Mikrospuren verschiedenartiger Tätigkeiten sowie Residuen. Diese konnten mittels Rasterelektronenmikroskopie und energiedispersiver Röntgenmikroanalyse als Reste von Birkenrindenpech identifiziert werden. 82 Geräte mit Residuen erwiesen sich entweder als geschäftete Einsätze, die mit diesem Pech an den Schäften befestigt wurden oder als Werkzeuge für die Reparatur von gebrauchten und mit Pech verklebten Schäftungen, und dem Auswechseln verbrauchter Feuersteineinsätze dienten. Birkenrindenpech kann als ältester synthetisch hergestellter Werkstoff angesehen werden und wird in der Regel mit dem Jungpaläolithikum und modernen Menschen assoziiert. Die auf den Micoquien Artefakten aus Inden vorgefundenen Birkenpechreste zeigen, daß sowohl Schäftungstechnologien, Gebrauch und Herstellung von Klebstoff als auch die Anfertigung von komplexen, aus mehreren Komponenten bestehenden Geräten im Mittelpaläolithikum durchaus üblich waren. Deren Vorhandensein, noch dazu in einer vergleichsweise hohen Anzahl, kann als deutlicher Hinweis auf moderne menschliche Verhaltensweisen gewertet werden.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; eemian ; Micoquian ; habitation features ; microwear analysis ; hafting ; birch pitch residues ; behavioural modernity
    Language: English
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2021-05-07
    Description: Anhand von zwei Dünenprofilen wird die Art, Dauer und Intensität von spätglazialen und holozänen Flugsand- und Bodenbildungen innerhalb des Pommerschen Sandergebietes dargestellt. Hierfür wurde ein interdisziplinärer Ansatz aus Sedimentologie, Pedologie, Palynologie und Geochronologie verwendet. Während des Spätglazials kommen auf den Sanderhochflächen flache Flugsanddecken zur Ablagerung, unterbrochen durch die Bildung des Finowbodens. Durch die Ausbreitung einer geschlossenen Vegetationsdecke im Frühholozän, erfolgt eine Stabilisierung der Reliefoberfläche mit anschließender Bodenbildung. Nach intensiven mittelalterlichen Rodungen werden die Oberflächen erneut destabilisiert. Es kommt zur partiellen Aufarbeitung der Flugsande resultierend in Dünenbildungen und einem kuppigen Relief. Eine der untersuchten Dünen wurde dabei komplett im späten Subatlantikum gebildet. Diese Studie unterstreicht die zeitlich-räumliche Variabilität äolischer Aktivität, wobei Umlagerungen entsprechender Korngrößen während verschiedener Phasen nach der Deglaziation ermöglicht wurden.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; aeolian sands ; finow soil ; fossil soils ; late glacial ; holocene dune formation ; geschiebedecksand (gds)
    Language: English
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die 2006 durch das Hessische Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie (HLUG) abgeteufte Forschungsbohrung nördlich von Viernheim (Hessisches Ried) hat mit einer Endteufe von 350 m hoch aufgelöst fluviatile und limnisch-fluviatile Sedimente (0 bis 225 m) des Pleistozäns und zum Teil stark pedogen überprägte limnisch-fluviatile Sande, Tone und Schluffe des Pliozäns (225 bis 350 m) durchteuft. Die Liefergebiete der pliozänen Sedimente sind eher regional geprägt. Die Sedimente zeigen wiederholt Schüttungen aus dem Odenwald, die durch einen hohen Anteil grüner Hornblende in der Schwermineralfraktion gekennzeichnet sind. Als Teil des Forschungsprogramms „Heidelberger Becken“ zielte diese Bohrung insbesondere im Pleistozän auf die „Normalfazies“ des nördlichen Oberrheingrabens ab, das heißt: auf eine möglichst ungestörte Sedimentabfolge, die im Pleistozän Schüttungen von den Grabenrändern oder kleineren Zuflüssen weitestgehend ausschließt. Die pleistozäne Sedimentabfolge besteht aus drei Einheiten: über einem geringmächtigen Horizont mit aufgearbeitetem pliozänen Material folgen zehn Zyklen, die erosiv mit kiesig sandigen Sedimenten einsetzen und mit schluffig-tonigen bis zum Teil torfigen Ablagerungen abschließen. Mitunter sind interne Zyklen zu erkennen. Charakteristisch sind grünlich-graue stark carbonatische, glimmerführende und gut sortierte Fein- bis Mittelsande des Rheins. In diesen dominiert die Rhein-Gruppe (Granat, Epidot, grüne Hornblende und Alterit) in der Schwermineralfraktion. Diese Sedimente werden als „Rheinische Fazies“ bezeichnet. In der hangenden letzten pleistozänen Sedimentabfolge der Forschungsbohrung Viernheim bestimmen mehrere fining-upward und zum Teil coarsening-upward Sequenzen das Sedimentationsgeschehen. Die Ablagerungen dieses Profilabschnitts sind Kies dominiert, der vom Neckar geschüttet worden ist. Die Schwermineralverteilung der Sandfraktion zeigt aber an, dass es zu einer Vermischung mit rheinischen Sedimenten gekommen ist. Weichsel- bis holozänzeitliche Flugsande schliessen das Profil ab. Die stratigraphische Einstufung der pleistozänen Sedimentabfolge ist in Teilen noch unsicher. Die Pliozän-Pleistozängrenze wird auf Grund des charakteristischen Fazieswechsels auf 225 m gelegt. Eine überregionale Korrelation mit Sedimenten der Niederrheinischen Bucht spricht für eine Diskordanz mit größerer zeitlicher Lücke an der Plio-Pleistozängrenze. Untersuchungen im Umfeld der Bohrung sprechen für cromerzeitliches Alter des jüngsten feinklastischen Abschnitts der Bohrung zwischen 39,76 und 58,55 m.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; pleistocene ; germany ; quaternary ; pléistocène ; pliocene ; heavy minerals ; fluvial sediments ; carbonate ; upper rhine graben ; cromerian complex
    Language: English
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2021-06-05
    Description: Aufbauend auf Arbeiten der letzten 10 Jahre wird ein Abriß der spätpleistozänen und holozänen Entwicklungsgeschichte des nördlichen Jütland gegeben. Neue, die Geschichte des Limfjord betreffende Informationen stützen sich auf zwei Untersuchungsbohrungen im Agger Isthmus. Sie zeigen im südwestlichen Teil des Limfjord eine Transgression während des Boreal und des frühen Atlantikum an, der eine ununterbrochene marine Sedimentation bis in die Eisenzeit, 2110 ± 70 v. h., folgt.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; molluscs ; upper holocene ; marine sedimentation ; morphodynamics ; coastal environment ; marine transgression ; late weichselian ; boreholes ; grain size distribution ; C-14 dating ; northern jutland
    Language: English
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Bohrkerne der Forschungsbohrungen Viernheim und Parkinsel P34 und P35 aus Ludwigshafen wurden auf ihren fossilen Inhalt, besonders auf Molluskenreste, untersucht. Das ausgelesene Material ist geeignet die paläoklimatischen Verhältnisse zu rekonstruieren und erleichtert die chronostratigraphische Einstufung einzelner Schichten. Zwei Molluskenarten und eine Nagetierart wurden erstmalig aus dem Altpleistozän (Altbiharium) der Bohrung Viernheim für den nördlichen Oberrheingraben nachgewiesen. Die aus den altpleistozänen Abschnitten der Bohrung Viernheim vorliegenden Fossilien weisen deutliche Beziehungen zu der in das Obere Villanium/Tegelen datierten Uhlenberg-Fauna aus Bayerisch-Schwaben auf.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; pleistocene ; quaternary ; mollusca ; pléistocène ; upper rhine graben ; arvicolidae ; stylommatophora ; pupilloidea ; gastrocoptinae
    Language: English
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: LOŽEK (1986) vertritt die Ansicht, dass Pupilla loessica rezent in Zentralasien vorkommt. Die vorliegende Studie hat das Ziel zu diesem Thema erste konkrete Diskussionsbeiträge zu liefern. Zu verstehen ist diese Arbeit als Grundlage für weitergehende Untersuchungen. Bei neueren Geländeaufenthalten von 1995-2006 konnten in Zentralasien im Russischen Altay, in der nördlichen Mongolei, im Baikal-Gebiet und im Tien Shan zahlreiche rezente Malakozönosen untersucht werden. An vielen Lokalitäten wurde eine bisher aus dieser Region unbeschriebene Form von Pupilla nachgewiesen, welche gehäuse-morphologisch von Pupilla loessica nicht zu unterscheiden ist. Einen Schwerpunkt der Verbreitung bildet das stark kontinental geprägte Khrebet Saylyugem im SE-Altay. Für das Vorkommen von Pupilla loessica in Zentralasien spricht neben den gehäuse-morphologischen Kriterien, die Präferenz dieser Form zu stärker kontinental geprägten Habitaten, mit Jahresdurchschnittstemperaturen, die deutlich unter 0° C liegen sowie die entsprechenden kälteangepassten Begleitfaunen, z. B. mit Columella columella, Vertigo genesii, Vallonia tenuilabris u. a., welche diese Faunen gut mit den pleistozänen kaltzeitlichen Assoziationen des mitteleuropäischen Raumes vergleichbar machen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 910 ; 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; central europe ; central asia ; pupilla loessica ; living fossil
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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