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Supplement to: The New World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness (2016)

Falchi, Fabio ; Cinzano, Pierantonio ; Duriscoe, Dan ; [et al.]

GFZ Data Services

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Publication Date: 2021-10-05

Description: Abstract

Description: These are maps of artificial night sky radiance that were produced by the Light Pollution Science and Technology Institute (ISTIL), and described in the paper "The New World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness" (Falchi et al. 2016).The data are stored in a 2.9 Gb geotiff file, on a 30 arcsecond grid. The map reports simulated zenith radiance data in [mcd/m^2]. The map is based on data from the VIIRS Day Night Band (DNB, MIller et al. 2013), which has been propagated through the atmosphere using the radiative transfer code reported in (Cinzano and Falchi, 2012). The upward emission function and the radiance calibration were obtained using data from Sky Quality Meters (including data from Duriscoe et al. 2007; Falchi 2010; Kyba et al 2013, 2015 and Zamorano et al. 2016).Note that the maps report artificial light only! The zenith radiance from natural sources such as stars and the Milky Way are not included, and must be added in order to match the data that would be obtained from an actual outdoor measurement.A kmz file for quick view of the data is also provided. Access to the FTP site to download the data can be requested via the data request form on the landing page.Version History:13 November 2019: change of the licence to CC BY NC 4.0 (after end of embargo period).

Description: Other

Description: Artificial lights raise the night sky luminance, creating the most visible effect of light pollution, artificial sky glow. Despite the increasing interest among scientists in fields such as ecology, astronomy, healthcare, land use planning, light pollution lacks a current quantification of its magnitude on a global scale. To overcome this, here we present the World atlas of the artificial sky luminance, computed with our light pollution propagation software using new high resolution satellite data and new precision sky brightness measurements. This atlas shows that more than 80% of the World and more than 99% of the U.S.A. and Europe populations live under light polluted skies. The Milky Way is hidden for more than one third of humanity, including 60% of Europeans and nearly 80% of North Americans. Moreover, 23% of World's lands between 75°N and 60°S, 88% of Europe and almost half of U.S.A. experience light polluted nights.

Keywords: artificial light ; ALAN ; skyglow ; light pollution ; atlas ; night ; radiative transfer ; Suomi NPP ; Sky Quality Meter ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION 〉 VISUALIZATION/IMAGE PROCESSING

Language: English

Type: Dataset , Dataset

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Preface (2016)

Curdt, Constanze ; Willmes, Christian

Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten

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Publication Date: 2022-01-12

Description: Abstract

Description: The 2nd Data Management Workshop was held at the University of Cologne in November 2014. It was organized within the research data management activities of two large interdisciplinary research projects both funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Both projects actively supported the workshop. The Collaborative Research Centre/Transregio 32 ‘Patterns in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Systems: Monitoring, Modelling and Data Assimilation’ involves scientist from the fields of meteorology, hydrology, geography, geophysics, soil sciences and mathematics. The CRC806 ‘Our Way to Europe: Culture-Environment Interaction and Human Mobility in the Late Quaternary’ integrates scientists from the disciplines of prehistoric archaeology, geology, geography, geophysics and soil sciences. Organizing research data management of such diverse disciplines which are distributed over several universities and research centers faces several problems and challenges. Consequently, the main focus of the 2nd Data Management Workshop was to discuss solutions and approaches for interdisciplinary and disciplinary data management with other colleagues and experts of the field. The publication of the Special Issue on ‘Research Data Management’ of the ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (ISSN 2220-9964) emerged in the context of this workshop.

Description: SeriesInformation

Description: Proceedings of the 2nd Data Management Workshop, 28.-29.11.2014, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 96, pp. III-IV

Keywords: Data Management ; Research Data

Language: English

Type: Text , Workshop paper

Format: 2 Pages

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Research Data Management within the E-Science Strategy in Baden-Württemberg - Preliminary Results of Project bwFDM-Communities (2016)

Cayoglu, Ugur ; Shcherbakov, Denis ; Tristram, Frank

Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten

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Publication Date: 2022-01-12

Description: Abstract

Description: The federal state of Baden-Württemberg wants to offer scientists the best conditions for research. Against the backdrop of the ever-increasing importance of data and information the bwFDM-Communities project is tasked to develop recommendations that shall enable scientists in our federal state to process and use data without barriers. In order to achieve this objective, we engage an active dialogue with all university research groups in Baden-Württemberg (~3000). Next to identifying and advertising best-practice solutions, this project is supposed to gather information on how federal IT support needs to be expanded in order to meet the increasing demands of future research. As this is an ongoing project there may be further results in time, but some early conclusions can be drawn: Scientists want clear-cut requirements and responsibilities for data management and are willing to share their data if there is a proper appreciation model for data publication. Additionally, a lot of scientists complain about too strict law regulations regarding copyright and need better information about available RDM support, partners and opportunities. Final conclusions and recommendations can only be given in the further course of the project, but we are confident that our final recommendations will help the scientists in Baden-Württemberg.

Description: SeriesInformation

Description: Proceedings of the 2nd Data Management Workshop, 28.-29.11.2014, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 96, pp. 1-6

Keywords: Data Management ; Research Data

Language: English

Type: Text , Workshop paper

Format: 6 Pages

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The TR32DB: A Research Data Management System for the CRC/Transregio 32 ‘Patterns in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Systems’ (2016)

Curdt, Constanze ; Lang, Ulrich ; Bareth, Georg

Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten

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Publication Date: 2022-01-12

Description: Abstract

Description: This paper introduces the CRC/TR32 database (TR32DB), a research data management system developed within the multidisciplinary research project Collaborative Research Centre/Transregio 32 (CRC/TR32) funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The aim of the TR32DB is to support collative research within the whole project by providing data storage, backup, archive, documentation, publication and also sharing services. The entire system is self-developed according to the requirements of the funding agency, the user and project demands, as well as according to recent principles and standards. The TR32DB system architecture is basically a combination of data storage (file management), database and web-interface. In addition, the TR32DB Metadata Schema was designed and implemented to describe all project data with accurate metadata. A user-friendly multi-level approach was chosen to cover the requirements of all data stored in the TR32DB with appropriate metadata.

Description: SeriesInformation

Description: Proceedings of the 2nd Data Management Workshop, 28.-29.11.2014, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 96, pp. 7-15

Keywords: Data Management ; Metadata ; Research Data

Language: English

Type: Text , Workshop paper

Format: 9 Pages

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GFZ VER11 SLCCI precise orbits of altimetry satellites ERS-1, ERS-2, Envisat, TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 and Jason-2 in the ITRF2008 (2016)

Rudenko, Sergei ; Schöne, Tilo ; Neumayer, Karl-Hans ; [et al.]

GFZ Data Services

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Publication Date: 2022-01-17

Description: Abstract

Description: The data set provides GFZ VER11 orbits of altimetry satellitesERS-1 (August 1, 1991 - July 5, 1996),ERS-2 (May 13, 1995 - February 27, 2006),Envisat (April 12, 2002 - April 8, 2012),Jason-1 (January 13, 2002 - July 5, 2013) andJason-2 (July 5, 2008 - April 5, 2015)TOPEX/Poseidon (September 23, 1992 - October 8, 2005),derived at the time spans given at Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences within the Sea Level phase 2 project of the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative using "Earth Parameter and Orbit System - Orbit Computation (EPOS-OC)" software and the Altimeter Database and processing System (ADS, http://adsc.gfz-potsdam.de/ads/) developed at GFZ. The orbits were computed in the same (ITRF2008) terrestrial reference frame for all satellites using common, most precise models and standards available and described below.The ERS-1 orbit is computed using satellite laser ranging (SLR) and altimeter crossover data, while the ERS-2 orbit is derived using additionally Precise Range And Range-rate Equipment (PRARE) measurements. The Envisat, TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 and Jason-2 orbits are based on Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) and SLR observations.The orbit files are available in the Extended Standard Product 3 Orbit Format (SP3-c, ftp://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/igscb/data/format/sp3c.txt) Files are gzip-compressed. File names are given as sate_YYYYMMDD_SP3C.gz, where "sate" is the abbreviation (ENVI, ERS1, ERS2, JAS1, JAS2, TOPX) of the satellite name, YYYY stands for 4-digit year, MM stands for month and DD stands for day of the beginning of the file.More details on these orbits are provided in Rudenko et al. (2017)

Keywords: Jason-1 ; Jason-2 ; ERS-1 ; ERS-2 ; Envisat ; ESA CCI Sea Level ; Altimetry satellite ; Low Earth Orbit satellites ; sea level ; TOPEX/POSEIDON ; ITRF2008 ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Active Remote Sensing 〉 Altimeters 〉 Radar Altimeters ; equipment 〉 artificial satellite 〉 observation satellite ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 SATELLITE ORBITS/REVOLUTION 〉 ORBITAL POSITION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 OCEANS 〉 SEA SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY 〉 SEA SURFACE HEIGHT

Language: English

Type: Dataset

Format: 6 Files

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Neusling (Landau a.d. Isar) 2012 - A Multitemporal and Multisensoral Agricultural EnMAP Preparatory Flight Campaign (Datasets) (2016)

Hank, Tobias Benedikt ; Locherer, Matthias ; Richter, Katja ; [et al.]

GFZ Data Services

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Publication Date: 2022-03-11

Description: Abstract

Description: This data collection contains a multitemporal series of six airborne hyperspectral image mosaics acquired during the growing season of 2012 over the Neusling test area near Landau a.d. Isar in Southern Germany. The airborne hyperspectral data is complemented by accompanying in-situ data acquired parallel to the overflights. The dataset is composed of a) four airborne hyperspectral image mosaics acquired during overflights on April 28th 2012, May 25th 2012, June 16th 2012 and September 8th 2012 with the AVIS-3 imaging spectrometer. The AVIS data consists of 197 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (477 - 1704 nm); b) two airborne hyperspectral image mosaics acquired during overflights, which were conducted by the DLR user service OpAiRS (www.dlr.de/opairs) on May 8th 2012 and August 14th 2012 with a HySpex imaging spectrometer. The HySpex data consists of 332 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (417 - 2496 nm); c) spatially comprehensive land use/land cover maps generated from in-situ observations for two time-windows during the growing season of 2012 (May and August); d) Flight-parallel in-situ point-measurements consisting of: i) non-destructively measured leaf area index of winter wheat, winter barley, sugar beet, maize and rapeseed (561 measurements incl. standard deviations), ii) SPAD chlorophyll measurements (522 measurements incl. standard deviations), iii) 557 soil moisture measurements incl. standard deviations iv) 539 phenological observations v) 499 measurements of canopy height incl. standard deviations and vi) 38 measurements of plant density. The dataset was collected in order to cover the seasonal dynamics in the development of agricultural crops in Southern Germany.Version History: Correct Acquisition date of the second HySpex flight was August 14th 2012, not August 12th 2012.

Description: Other

Description: The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extracting geochemical, biochemical and biophysical parameters, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the frame of the EnMAP preparatory phase, pre-flight campaigns including airborne and in-situ measurements in different environments and for several application fields are being conducted. The main purpose of these campaigns is to support the development of scientific applications for EnMAP. In addition, the acquired data are input in the EnMAP end-to-end simulation tool (EeteS) and are employed to test data pre-processing and calibration-validation methods. The campaign data are made freely available to the scientific community under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. An overview of all available data is provided in in the EnMAP Flight Campaigns Metadata Portal http://www.enmap.org/?q=flights.

Keywords: Hyperspectral Imagery ; Field Spectroscopy ; Agriculture ; LAI

Language: English

Type: Dataset , Dataset

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The Vulnerability, Impacts, Adaptation and Climate Services Advisory Board (VIACS AB v1.0) contribution to CMIP6 (2016)

Ruane, A. ; Teichmann, C. ; Arnell, N. ; [et al.]

In: Geoscientific Model Development

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Publication Date: 2022-03-21

Description: This paper describes the motivation for the creation of the Vulnerability, Impacts, Adaptation and Climate Services (VIACS) Advisory Board for the Sixth Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), its initial activities, and its plans to serve as a bridge between climate change applications experts and climate modelers. The climate change application community comprises researchers and other specialists who use climate information (alongside socioeconomic and other environmental information) to analyze vulnerability, impacts, and adaptation of natural systems and society in relation to past, ongoing, and projected future climate change. Much of this activity is directed toward the co-development of information needed by decision-makers for managing projected risks. CMIP6 provides a unique opportunity to facilitate a two-way dialog between climate modelers and VIACS experts who are looking to apply CMIP6 results for a wide array of research and climate services objectives. The VIACS Advisory Board convenes leaders of major impact sectors, international programs, and climate services to solicit community feedback that increases the applications relevance of the CMIP6-Endorsed Model Intercomparison Projects (MIPs). As an illustration of its potential, the VIACS community provided CMIP6 leadership with a list of prioritized climate model variables and MIP experiments of the greatest interest to the climate model applications community, indicating the applicability and societal relevance of climate model simulation outputs. The VIACS Advisory Board also recommended an impacts version of Obs4MIPs and indicated user needs for the gridding and processing of model output.

Language: English

Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article

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Stress Map Iceland 2016 (2016)

Ziegler, Moritz ; Rajabi, Mojtaba ; Hersir, Gylfi ; [et al.]

GFZ Data Services

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Publication Date: 2022-07-08

Description: Abstract

Description: The stress map of Iceland shows the orientation of the current maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) in the earth's crust. Assuming that the vertical stress (SV) is a principal stress, SHmax defines the orientation of the 3D stress tensor; the minimum horizontal stress Shmin is than perpendicular to SHmax. In the stress map the SHmax orientations are represented as lines of different lengths. The length of the line is a measure of the quality of data and the symbol shows the stress indicator and the color the stress regime. Data with E-Quality are shown without additional information as dots on the map. The stress data are freely available and part of the World Stress Map (WSM) project. For more information about the data and criteria of data analysis and quality mapping are plotted along the WSM website at http://www.world-stress-map.org.

Description: Other

Description: The World Stress Map (WSM) is a global compilation of information on the crustal present-day stress field. It is a collaborative project between academia and industry that aims to characterize the stress pattern and to understand the stress sources. It commenced in 1986 as a project of the International Lithosphere Program under the leadership of Mary-Lou Zoback. From 1995-2008 it was a project of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities headed first by Karl Fuchs and then by Friedemann Wenzel. Since 2009 the WSM is maintained at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences and since 2012 the WSM is a member of the ICSU World Data System. All stress information is analysed and compiled in a standardized format and quality-ranked for reliability and comparability on a global scale.

Keywords: crustal stress ; in situ stress ; tectonic stress ; crustal stress pattern ; mid ocean ridge

Language: English

Type: Dataset , Dataset

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Dead Sea Seismic Array, Jordan for DESERVE Project (Feb. 2014 - Feb. 2015) - Datasets (2016)

Lott, Friederike ; Al-Qaryouti, Mahmoud ; Corsmeier, Ulrich ; [et al.]

Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ

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Publication Date: 2022-11-29

Description: Abstract

Description: A temporary seismic array was installed in combination with a meteorological station in the Dead Sea valley, Jordan. Within the scope of the HGF virtual institute DESERVE we operated 15 temporary seismic stations between February 2014 and February 2015 together with a nearby meteorological station close to the east coast of the Dead Sea. The main aim was to acquire data to study the influence of wind on seismic records and retrieve related meteorological parameters. The study area is scarcely populated and has ideal meteorological conditions to study periodically occurring winds.

Keywords: Seismology ; Array ; Noise ; Wind

Language: English

Type: Dataset , controlled source data

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A new time series of GRACE monthly gravity field models: HUST-Grace2016 (2016)

Zhou, H. ; Luo, Z ; Zhou, Z. ; [et al.]

GFZ Data Services

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Publication Date: 2023-03-03

Description: Abstract

Description: HUST-Grace2016 is a new time series of monthly gravity field models up to degree and order 60. The new HUST-Grace2016s is a new GRACE-only static gravity field model up to degree and order 160. Using about 13 years of GRACE Level 1B data spanning from January 2003 to April 2015. This new model has been developed by the institute of geophysics in the Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). No constraint was applied. More details about our HUST-Grace2016s will be given in our paper “HUST-Grace2016s: a new GRACE static gravity field model derived from a modified dynamic approach over a 13-year observation period” (submitted to JGR Solid Earth in November 2016).This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41131067, 41374023, 41474019), the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2016M592337).

Description: Other

Description: Input Data:- GRACE RL02 L1B (JPL) data products: January 2003 – March 2016- ITSG kinematic orbits: January 2003 – April 2015- AOD1B RL05 (GFZ) idealizing productCalculation method:- modified dynamic approach- numerical integrator: 14th-order Gauss-Jackson integrator- arc length: 24 hours- arc step: 5 secondsForce models:- Earth’s static gravity field: GGM05s up to degree and order 180- Ocean tides: EOT11a, truncated up to degree and order 120- N-body Perturbation: Direct and indirect J2 effects with JPL DE421- Solid earth tides: frequency independent/dependent terms, permanent tide- Solid earth tides: frequency independent/dependent terms, permanent tide- Pole tides: solid earth pole tides from IERS 2010, and ocean pole tides from Desai- Atmosphere and Oceanic variability: The AOD1B RL05 model up to degree 100- General Relativistic effects: IERS 2010

Keywords: monthly gravity field model ; ICGEM ; geodesy

Language: English

Type: Dataset , Dataset

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The Combined Gravity Model GOCO05c (2016)

Pail, Roland ; Gruber, Thomas ; Fecher, Thomas ; [et al.]

GFZ Data Services

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Publication Date: 2023-10-04

Description: Abstract

Description: GOCO05c is a static global combined gravity field model up to d/o 720. It has been elaborated by the GOCO Group (TU Munich, Bonn University, TU Graz, Austrian Academy of Sciences, University Bern). GOCO05c is a combination model based on the satellite-only gravity field model GOCO05s and several gravity anomaly datasets, constituting a global 15'x15' data grid. The combination is carried out in term of full normal equation systems.Contributing Institutions are: (1) TU Muenchen, DE, Institute of Astronomical and Physical Geodesy; (2) University of Bonn, DE, Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation; (3) TU Graz, AU, Institute of Theoretical and Satellite Geodesy; (4) Austrian Academy of Sciences, Space Research Institute, and (5) University of Bern, CH, Astronomical Institute

Description: Other

Description: Global 15’x15’ data grid: Region (Source): Number of data cellsArctic (ArcGP Group): 44522Australia (Curtin University):11170Canada (NRCan):19259Europe (IfE Hanover):15625Oceans (DTU Space): 691818South America (NGA): 24818USA (NGA): 12895For the remaining land areas (Central America, Asia, Africa, Antarctica) fill-in datasets were used: Data (Source): Number of data cells NIMA96 (DMA/GSFC): 110594GOCO05s (GOCO Group): 106099 (band-limited gravity anomalies)RWI_TOIS2012 (KIT): 117737 (topographic anomalies)GOCO05c should not be used for geophysical applications in fill-in regions, because its high frequency part in fill-in regions resulted from simple synthetic numeric forward modelling of topographic information.

Keywords: ICGEM ; global gravitational model ; GOCO ; Geodesy ; GOCE

Language: English

Type: Dataset , Dataset

Format: 14167050 Bytes

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The Combined Gravity Model GGM05C (2016)

Ries, J. ; Bettadpur, S. ; Eanes, R. ; [et al.]

GFZ Data Services

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Publication Date: 2023-10-04

Description: Abstract

Description: GGM05C is an unconstrained global gravity model complete to degree and order 360 determined from 1) GRACE K-band intersatellite range-rate data, GPS tracking and GRACE accelerometer data, 2) GOCE gradiometer data (ZZ+YY+XX+XZ) spanning the entire mission using a band pass filter of 10-50 mHz and polar gap filled with synthetic gradients from GGM05S to degree/order 150 evaluated at 200-km altitude, and 3) terrestrial gravity anomalies from DTU13 (Andersen et al., 2014). The value for C20 has been replaced with a value derived from satellite laser ranging. No rate terms were modeled. For additional details on the background modeling, see the CSR RL05 processing standards document available at ftp://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/allData/grace/docs/L2-CSR0005_ProcStd_v4.0.pdf (Bettadpur 2012). Detailed information about GGM05C is available at ftp://ftp.csr.utexas.edu/pub/grace/GGM05/README_GGM05C.pdf (Ries et al., 2016).

Keywords: ICGEM ; global gravitational model ; GRACE ; GOCE

Language: English

Type: Dataset , Dataset

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Paris – und was nun? Auf dem Weg zu verbindlichen Klimaschutzzielen [Editorial] (2016)

Renn, O.

In: GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Language: German

Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article

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Stärkung der Demokratie durch Institutionalisierung von Bürgerbeteiligung? (2016)

Leggewie, C. ; Nanz, P.

In: Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Der Text beruht auf unserem 2016 erschienenen Buch „Die Konsultative. Mehr Demokratie durch Bürgerbeteiligung“ (Berlin: Wagenbach Verlag). Dort wird das Konzept detailliert ausgeführt und belegt, weswegen wir hier auf Zitate und Bibliographie verzichten.

Language: German

Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article

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CO2 as an Asset: Challenges and potential for society (2016)

Olfe-Kräutlein, B. ; Naims, H. ; Bruhn, T. ; [et al.]

Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)

In: IASS Study

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a fundamental component of all life on Earth. Due to the considerable increase in emissions, particularly industrial emissions, CO2has, however, become a waste product and greenhouse gas damaging to the climate and, consequently, a threat to both humanity and nature. For almost 50years, chemical research has been pursuing the idea of making the CO2 molecule useful as a raw material(Aresta and Dibenedetto 2010). Within the context of the oil crises of the 1970s, and contingent on the currentneed for climate protection, there has been a rise in global interest in the research and development oftechnologies which could make CO2 useful as a source of carbon. Several regions in Europe, but also in North America and Asia have started sponsorship programmes to support the development of such technologies (BMBF 2014, Climate-KIC 2014, U.S. Department of Energy [DOE] n.d.).The goal of these efforts is to integrate this climatedamaging gas in extremely diverse industrial productionprocesses as a raw material. The use of CO2 would not only allow for the production of useful raw materials and products, such technologies could alsoemulate a natural carbon cycle (Peters et al. 2011). At the same time, they have the potential to reduce the consumption of other fossil resources and, in so doing, they might not only contribute to the extension of the resource base, but also reduce missionswhilst providing protection for natural resources (von der Assen et al. 2013). Technological breakthroughs and advancements are currently observedin carbon capture technologies in the catalysis and transformation of CO2 (Aresta 2010, Mikkelsen et al. 2010, Peters et al. 2011, Styring et al. 2011, Wilcox 2012, Smit et al. 2014, Klankermayer and Leitner 2015), and the first innovative CO2-based productsare already coming onto the markets.

Language: English

Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper

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Soil Protection and Rehabilitation for Food Security in Ethiopia (2016)

Alemu, G.

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Under its special initiative “One World, No Hunger” (SEWOH), the GermanFederal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) is prioritizingefforts to deliver food security and enhance the management of naturalresources. The protection and rehabilitation of agricultural land managed bysmallholder farmers are central to this dual agenda and form the objectives ofa GIZ programme implemented in five countries. Seeking to explore new formsof development cooperation, SEWOH mandated the Global Soil Forum (GSF)to accompany the work of the GIZ through transdisciplinary research. Theaccompanying research project focuses on the socio-economic and culturalfactors that constrain the uptake of sustainable land management (SLM) techniquesby smallholder farmers. The GSF’s approach stresses co-developmentand the pursuit of research themes with local partners, including researchers,policymakers, actors of development cooperation, civil society organisations,and farmers.

Language: English

Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other

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Energiewende systemisch verstehen und gestalten (2016)

Renn, O.

In: EW : Magazin für die Energiewirtschaft

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Language: German

Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article

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CO2 als Wertstoff: Herausforderungen und Potenziale für die Gesellschaft (2016)

Olfe-Kräutlein, B. ; Naims, H. ; Bruhn, T. ; [et al.]

Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)

In: IASS Study

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) ist ein Grundbaustein allen Lebens auf der Erde. Mittlerweile ist CO2 jedochdurch den starken Anstieg vor allem industrieller Emissionen als klimaschädlicher Abfall und Treibhausgas zu einer Bedrohung für Menschheit und Natur geworden. Bereits seit fast 50 Jahren verfolgt die chemische Forschung die Idee, das Molekül CO2 als Rohstoff nutzbar zu machen (Aresta & Dibenedetto 2010). Im Kontext der Ölkrisen in den 1970er-Jahren und bedingt durch die Erfordernisse des aktuellen Klimaschutzes stieg weltweit das Interesse an der Erforschung und Entwicklung von Technologien, die CO2 als Kohlenstoffquelle nutzen könnten.Etliche Regionen in Europa, aber auch in Nordamerika und Asien haben Förderprogramme ins Leben gerufen, die solche Technologieentwicklungen unterstützen (BMBF 2013, Climate-KIC 2014, US DOE o. D.-b).Das Ziel dieser Bemühungen ist es, das klimaschädliche Gas als Rohstoff in ganz unterschiedliche industrielleProduktionsprozesse einzubinden. Hiermit könnten mithilfe von CO2 nicht nur nützliche Grundstoffe und Produkte hergestellt werden. Vielmehr imitieren diese Technologien auch einen natürlichen Kohlenstoffkreislauf (Peters et al. 2011). Gleichzeitighaben sie das Potenzial, den Verbrauch anderer fossiler Ressourcen zu verringern und somit möglicherweisenicht nur zur Erweiterung der Rohstoffbasis, sondern auch zur Schonung natürlicher Ressourcenund zur Emissionsverminderung beizutragen (von der Assen, Jung & Bardow 2013). Technologische Durchbrüche und Fortschritte sind derzeit sowohl in den Abscheidungstechnologien als auch in der Katalyse und Umwandlung von CO2 zu beobachten (Aresta 2010, Klankermayer & Leitner 2015, Mikkelsen, Jorgensen& Krebs 2010, Peters et al. 2011, Smit, Park & Gadikota 2014, Styring et al. 2011, Wilcox 2012). Erste neuartige CO2-basierte Produkte erreichen aktuelldie Märkte.

Language: German

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Inclusive Resilience: A New Approach to Risk Governance (2016)

Renn, O.

In: Resource Guide on Resilience

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Language: English

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Tracking Germany’s Biomass Consumption: Scientific Underpinning for the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda (2016)

Dawkins, E. ; Beringer, T. ; Hoff, H. ; [et al.]

Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)

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How Much Risk Ought We to Take? Exploring the Possibilities of Risk-Sensitive Consequentialism in the Context of Climate Engineering (2016)

Stelzer, H. ; Schuppert, F.

In: Environmental values

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42

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Chinas Wende bei der Kohle (2016)

Jänicke, M.

In: movum – Briefe zur Transformation

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Language: German

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43

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Moving towards Integrated Ocean Management across Sectors and Scales (2016)

Unger, S.

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: The second session on integrated ocean management was kicked-off by Sebastian Unger (IASS Potsdam). In his keynote presentation he highlighted the great political moment for moving towards integrated ocean governance, which could be even further advanced through (a) innovating instruments, (b) complementary strategies at national, regional and global scale, and (c) capacity-building and sustainable finance. In particular, he argued that the regional level could act as a broker for integration, as there are well-established institutions at regional level, where agreement can be reached more easily than at global level and which allows for a meaningful implementation of the ecosystem approach. In the discussion moderation by Management Board member Gert Verreet, discussants pointed out that in Europe, many of the institutions (e.g. at sea-basin level), instruments (e.g. Marine Spatial Planning) and commitment to integrated ocean management were already in place; however, a better implementation was necessary.

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Visions of Climate Control: Solar Radiation Management in Climate Simulations (2016)

Wiertz, T.

In: Science, Technology, and Human Values

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Various geoengineering technologies that would deliberately alter the climate system have been proposed as a way to alleviate risks of global warming. Technologies that would shield incoming sunlight to cool the planet, so called solar radiation management (SRM), are particularly controversial. Considering insights from social studies of simulation modeling and research on expectations in science and technology, I argue that climate modeling has a central role in producing visions of SRM. I draw upon an empirical analysis of scientific research on SRM to examine how a creative play with technological ideas becomes possible through climate modeling. This enables scientists to project and study environmental impacts of speculative SRM methods in virtual experiments and to develop and refine ideas for adjusting sunlight. Hence, while climate models are used to improve scientific understandings of climate system behavior and to anticipate possible environmental impacts of SRM, they also become inventive tools, allowing scientists to envision novel ways of climate control and optimization. Given the importance of simulation studies to knowledge production on SRM, I critically reflect on the challenges that arise when visions about an engineered climate future are first and foremost produced in climate simulations.

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Cerrado meets savannah, family farmers meet peasants: The political economy of Brazil’s agricultural cooperation with Mozambique (2016)

Zanella, M. ; Milhorance, C.

In: Food Policy

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The influence of temperature on ozone production under varying NOx conditions – a modelling study (2016)

Coates, J. ; Mar, K. ; Ojha, N. ; [et al.]

In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Surface ozone is a secondary air pollutant produced during the atmospheric photochemical degradation of emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Temperature directly influences ozone production through speeding up the rates of chemical reactions and increasing the emissions of VOCs, such as isoprene, from vegetation. In this study, we used an idealised box model with different chemical mechanisms (Master Chemical Mechanism, MCMv3.2; Common Representative Intermediates, CRIv2; Model for OZone and Related Chemical Tracers, MOZART-4; Regional Acid Deposition Model, RADM2; Carbon Bond Mechanism, CB05) to examine the non-linear relationship between ozone, NOx and temperature, and we compared this to previous observational studies. Under high-NOx conditions, an increase in ozone from 20 to 40 °C of up to 20 ppbv was due to faster reaction rates, while increased isoprene emissions added up to a further 11 ppbv of ozone. The largest inter-mechanism differences were obtained at high temperatures and high-NOx emissions. CB05 and RADM2 simulated more NOx-sensitive chemistry than MCMv3.2, CRIv2 and MOZART-4, which could lead to different mitigation strategies being proposed depending on the chemical mechanism. The increased oxidation rate of emitted VOC with temperature controlled the rate of Ox production; the net influence of peroxy nitrates increased net Ox production per molecule of emitted VOC oxidised. The rate of increase in ozone mixing ratios with temperature from our box model simulations was about half the rate of increase in ozone with temperature observed over central Europe or simulated by a regional chemistry transport model. Modifying the box model set-up to approximate stagnant meteorological conditions increased the rate of increase of ozone with temperature as the accumulation of oxidants enhanced ozone production through the increased production of peroxy radicals from the secondary degradation of emitted VOCs. The box model simulations approximating stagnant conditions and the maximal ozone production chemical regime reproduced the 2 ppbv increase in ozone per degree Celsius from the observational and regional model data over central Europe. The simulated ozone–temperature relationship was more sensitive to mixing than the choice of chemical mechanism. Our analysis suggests that reductions in NOx emissions would be required to offset the additional ozone production due to an increase in temperature in the future.

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Energía renovable no convencional en Colombia: Un mercado en pañales con enorme potencial de (2016)

Borbonus, S. ; Röhrkasten, S.

In: La República - Especial "Energía renovable, vale la pena"

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Language: Spanish

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48

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Linking Atmospheric Pollution to Cryospheric Changes over the Third Pole (2016)

Zhang, Q. ; Kang, S. ; Ji, Z. ; [et al.]

In: Proceedings

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Known as "the Third Pole" (TP), the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding mountains hold the largest aggregate of glaciers outside the pole regions. Recent monitoring and projection indicated an accelerated glacier decline and increasing glacier runoff. The long-range transport of South Asian atmospheric pollutants, including light absorbing impurities (LAIs) such as black carbon (BC) and mineral dust (MD), can absorb the solar radiation in the atmosphere and reduce albedo after being deposited onto the cryosphere, thereby promoting glacier and snow melt. A coordinated atmospheric pollution monitoring network has been launched covering the TP with emphasis on trans-Himalayan transects since 2013. TSP were collected for 24h at an interval of 3-6 days. BC/OC, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were measured. Results reveal a consistent decrease in almost all analyzed parameters from south to north across the Himalayas. Geochemical signatures of carbonaceous aerosols indicate dominant sources of biomass burning and vehicle exhaust, in line with results of PAHs. Integrated analysis of satellite images and air mass trajectories suggest that the trans-boundary air pollution occurred episodically and concentrated in pre-monsoon seasons via upper air circulation, through-valley wind, and local convection. Simulation results showed that carbonaceous aerosols produced positive/negative shortwave radiative forcing in the atmosphere/ground surface. Aerosols increased surface air temperatures by 0.1-0.5℃ over the TP and decreased temperatures in South Asia during the monsoon season. Surface snow/ice samples were collected from benchmark glaciers to estimate the impacts of LAIs on glacier melt with model assistance. BC (37%) and MD (32%) contribute to the summer melting of Laohugou Glacier in the northern TP. MD (38%) contributed more glacier melt than BC (11%) on Zhadang Glacier in the southern TP. In the southeastern TP, BC and MD contribute to 30% of the total glacier melt, up to 350 mm w.e. yr-1. The monitoring network and ongoing studies point to trans-boundary pollution as an increasing stressor for the TP environment, and highlighted the link between atmospheric pollution and cryospheric changes as well as other surface ecosystems over high mountain regions.

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Erfahrungen mit Ausschreibungen für Windenergie in Brasilien (2016)

Bayer, B.

In: IASS Working Paper

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Im internationalen Umfeld werden Ausschreibungen zunehmend als Förderinstrument für erneuerbare Energiengenutzt. In dieser Fallstudie analysieren wir die brasilianischen Erfahrungen mit Ausschreibungen fürWindenergie im Zeitraum von 2009 bis 2015 hinsichtlich der Entwicklung der Auktionspreise, der Realisierungsratenund der Marktkonzentration. Methodisch liegen der Fallstudie eigene Daten- und Literaturanalysensowie Experteninterviews zugrunde.Die inflationsbereinigten Auktionspreise sind bis Ende 2012 um fast 50 % zurückgegangen und anschließendwieder auf fast 90 % des Preises der ersten Runde angestiegen. Die Preisrückgänge sind auf die zunehmendeErfahrung der Akteure und den steigenden Wettbewerb bei Projektierern, Investoren und Turbinenherstellernzurückzuführen. Beim Preisanstieg haben sowohl regulatorische Änderungen, beispielsweise eine Modifikationder Netzanschlussbedingungen, als auch externe Faktoren, zum Beispiel der Wertverlust des BrasilianischenReal gegenüber dem US-Dollar, eine Rolle gespielt.Nur 14 % der Windprojekte aus den ersten acht Ausschreibungsrunden sind fristgerecht realisiert worden.Als Ursachen werden ein verspäteter Netzanschluss, Verzögerungen bei Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfungen,Lieferengpässe bei Windenergieanlagen, die Insolvenz des Windturbinenherstellers IMPSA, verspätete Finanzierungszusagendurch die Brasilianische Entwicklungsbank BNDES und schlechtes Projektmanagement genannt.Die Anzahl der Projektabbrüche ist jedoch bis dato gering, sodass eine finale Realisierungsrate zwischen89 % und 98 % wahrscheinlich ist.Die Anzahl der Eigentümer von Windenergieprojekten ist von 16 auf 49 Akteure gestiegen. Der Marktanteil dergrößten fünf Eigentümer ist von knapp 60 % auf 37 % zurückgegangen. Das Verhältnis von präqualifizierter zubezuschlagter Leistung lag stets über fünf und der Herfindahl-Index deutet auf einen unkonzentrierten Markthin. Daraus lässt sich ableiten, dass ausreichend Wettbewerb für eine freie Preisbildung im Markt besteht. Beiden Eigentümern handelt es sich im Wesentlichen um große, finanzstarke Projektierer, Energieversorger oderInvestmentgesellschaften.Schlussfolgerungen aus den beschriebenen Erfahrungen:1. Die Auktionspreise sind stark von Faktoren außerhalb des Förderinstruments Ausschreibungen abhängig.2. Die Auktionspreise können trotz starken Wettbewerbs steigen.3. Viele externe Faktoren können die fristgerechte Realisierung der Projekte verhindern.4. Die Realisierungsdauer der bezuschlagten Projekte kann durch das Ausschreibungsdesign beeinflusst werden.5. Das Ausmaß von Projektabbrüchen in Brasilien wurde bisher überschätzt.6. Es herrscht ausreichend Wettbewerb für eine freie Preisbildung am brasilianischen Windenergiemarkt.7. Der brasilianische Windenergiemarkt besteht weitgehend aus großen, finanzstarken Akteuren.

Language: German

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50

Unknown

Systemische Risikobewertung und Risikomanagement (2016)

Renn, O.

In: Sicherheitsingenieur

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Language: German

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51

Unknown

Engineering, environmental and economic performance evaluation of high-gravity carbonation process for carbon capture and utilization (2016)

Pan, S. ; Lorente Lafuente, A. ; Chiang, P.

In: Applied Energy

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Language: English

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52

Unknown

“Transformation” as New Critical Orthodoxy. The Strategic Use of the Term “Transformation” Does Not Prevent Multiple Crisis (2016)

Brand, U.

In: GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society

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53

Unknown

Internationale Erfahrungen mit Ausschreibungen für erneuerbare Energien: aktueller Vergleich der Entwicklungen in Brasilien,Frankreich, Italien und Südafrika (2016)

Bayer, B. ; Schäuble, D. ; Ferrari, M.

In: IASS Working Paper

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Zentrale Bestandteile des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes (EEG) sind der gesicherte Zugang zu Vergütungszahlungensowie die administrative Bestimmung der Vergütungssätze und ihrer Abnahmeraten1. Die Bundesregierungtreibt nun im Rahmen der EEG-Novelle 2016 den Umstieg auf Vergütungen, deren Allokation undHöhe in Ausschreibungen ermittelt werden, voran. International gibt es bereits Erfahrungen mit Ausschreibungenzum Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien. Ausschreibungen wurden Anfang 2015 in mindestens 60 Ländernals Instrument zur Förderung des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien eingesetzt. Aktuelle Analysen der Ausschreibungsergebnissesind jedoch rar. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, einen aktuellen Vergleich zentraler Ausschreibungsergebnissein Brasilien, Frankreich, Italien und Südafrika vorzulegen und die beobachteten Entwicklungen undderen Ursachen qualitativ zu diskutieren. Zu diesem Zweck werden bestehende Indikatoren zur Bewertung derinternationalen Erfahrungen mit dem Förderinstrument Ausschreibungen aktualisiert und neue Indikatoreneingeführt. Darüber hinaus werden die Ursachen für den Verlauf der Indikatoren qualitativ untersucht. Eineumfassende und quantitative Analyse der Indikatorenentwicklung mit Bezug zum Auktionsdesign übersteigtden Umfang dieser Studie.Die Studie fokussiert sich auf vier Indikatoren:1. Realisierungsraten,2. Marktkonzentration,3. Marktteilnahme kleiner Akteure2 und4. Auktionspreise.Mithilfe der Realisierungsrate kann ermittelt werden, ob das Auktionsdesign und andere Einflussfaktoren dieUmsetzung der geplanten Ausbaugeschwindigkeit ermöglichen. Die Marktkonzentration ist relevant, um zubeurteilen, ob der Wettbewerb zwischen den Bietern funktioniert. Die Marktteilnahme kleiner Akteure zeigtdas Ausmaß der wirtschaftlichen Beteiligung kleiner Akteure am Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien an. Vor allemin Deutschland ist ein signifikanter Anteil von Erneuerbare-Energien-Anlagen im Besitz kleiner Akteure undder Erhalt dieser Akteursvielfalt ist ein politisches Ziel. Die Auktionspreise werden häufig – insbesondere vonpolitischen Akteuren – als Indikator für die Förderkosten des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien verwendet. DieIndikatoren werden für Brasilien, Frankreich, Italien und Südafrika in ihrer zeitlichen Entwicklung analysiertund verglichen.

Language: German

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Unknown

Leuchtendes Beispiel im Wüstensand (2016)

Borbonus, S.

In: Welt-Sichten

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: In Marokko entsteht das größte Solarkraftwerk der Welt. Die Leute vor Ort finden das gut.

Language: German

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Evaluation of the performance of four chemical transport models in predicting the aerosol chemical composition in Europe in 2005 (2016)

Prank, M. ; Sofiev, M. ; Tsyro, S. ; [et al.]

In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Four regional chemistry transport models were applied to simulate the concentration and composition of particulate matter (PM) in Europe for 2005 with horizontal resolution ∼  20 km. The modelled concentrations were compared with the measurements of PM chemical composition by the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) monitoring network. All models systematically underestimated PM10 and PM2.5 by 10–60 %, depending on the model and the season of the year, when the calculated dry PM mass was compared with the measurements. The average water content at laboratory conditions was estimated between 5 and 20 % for PM2.5 and between 10 and 25 % for PM10. For majority of the PM chemical components, the relative underestimation was smaller than it was for total PM, exceptions being the carbonaceous particles and mineral dust. Some species, such as sea salt and NO3−, were overpredicted by the models. There were notable differences between the models' predictions of the seasonal variations of PM, mainly attributable to different treatments or omission of some source categories and aerosol processes. Benzo(a)pyrene concentrations were overestimated by all the models over the whole year. The study stresses the importance of improving the models' skill in simulating mineral dust and carbonaceous compounds, necessity for high-quality emissions from wildland fires, as well as the need for an explicit consideration of aerosol water content in model–measurement comparison.

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Meeting Report (2016)

Boettcher, M. ; Flegal, J.

Forum for Climate Engineering Assessment American University (FCEA); American Univ.

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: The Academic Working Group (AWG) on International Governance of Climate Engineering is aninternational group of senior academics who have been assembled to formulate perspectives on theinternational governance of climate engineering research and potential deployment, with a focus on proposedsolar radiation management (SRM) technologies. The AWG was convened by the Forum for ClimateEngineering Assessment.The group has been tasked with:1. Assessing the existing SRM governance conversation;2. Identifying key debates and open questions;3. Providing a fresh, authoritative analysis of governance pathways; and4. Producing crisp, policy-relevant governance recommendations.The first meeting of the AWG took place March 6-9, 2016 at the School of International Service, AmericanUniversity in Washington, DC and was focused on providing the working group members with a high-levelintroduction to the SRM conversation. More details about the meeting can be found here.The second meeting of the AWG took place September 22-24, 2016 at the Pocantico Meeting Center of theRockefeller Brothers Fund in Tarrytown, New York. As is the case with all materials resulting from meetingsheld at The Pocantico Center, the views expressed in this report are not necessarily those of the RockefellerBrothers Fund, its trustees, or its staff.The meeting was principally concerned with finalizing the organization and crafting of the high-level contentof the working group’s joint report. The following report details the main points of discussion at the secondAWG meeting. It then outlines the main outcomes from the event and indicates the groups’ next steps.

Language: English

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A Risk Radar driven by Internet of intelligences serving for emergency management in community (2016)

Huang, C. ; Wu, T. ; Renn, O.

In: Environmental Research

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Today, most of the commercial risk radars only have the function to show risks, as same as a set of risk matrixes. In this paper, we develop the Internet of intelligences (IOI) to drive a risk radar monitoring dynamic risks for emergency management in community. An IOI scans risks in a community by 4 stages: collecting information and experience about risks; evaluating risk incidents; verifying; and showing risks. Employing the information diffusion method, we optimized to deal with the effective information for calculating risk value. Also, a specific case demonstrates the reliability and practicability of risk radar.

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Clean Air for All by 2030? Air Quality in the 2030 Agenda and in International Law (2016)

Lode, B. ; Schönberger, P. ; Toussaint, P.

In: Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law

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Language: English

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Turkey: Great Potential, Missing Will (2016)

Richert, J.

In: Sustainable Energy in the G20: Prospects for a Global Energy Transition | IASS Study

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Turkey’s energy policy focuses on the promotion of coal and nuclear power. Althoughsustainable energy legislation is in place and respective targets have been defined,implementation is lagging behind and sustainable energy takes a back seat in thecountry’s political debate. Internationally, Turkey is concerned with regional (energy)geopolitics much more than with sustainability. In G20 negotiations on sustainableenergy, Turkey might emerge as a laggard, particularly in matters related to the reductionof coal use.

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Impacts of aviation fuel sulfur content on climate and human health (2016)

Kapadia, Z. ; Spracklen, D. ; Arnold, S. ; [et al.]

In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Aviation emissions impact both air quality and climate. Using a coupled tropospheric chemistry-aerosol microphysics model we investigate the effects of varying aviation fuel sulfur content (FSC) on premature mortality from long-term exposure to aviation-sourced PM2.5 (particulate matter with a dry diameter of 〈  2.5 µm) and on the global radiation budget due to changes in aerosol and tropospheric ozone. We estimate that present-day non-CO2 aviation emissions with a typical FSC of 600 ppm result in ∼  3600 [95 % CI: 1310–5890] annual premature mortalities globally due to increases in cases of cardiopulmonary disease and lung cancer, resulting from increased surface PM2.5 concentrations. We quantify the global annual mean combined radiative effect (REcomb) of non-CO2 aviation emissions as −13.3 mW m−2; from increases in aerosols (direct radiative effect and cloud albedo effect) and tropospheric ozone.Ultra-low sulfur jet fuel (ULSJ; FSC  =  15 ppm) has been proposed as an option to reduce the adverse health impacts of aviation-induced PM2.5. We calculate that swapping the global aviation fleet to ULSJ fuel would reduce the global aviation-induced mortality rate by ∼  620 [95 % CI: 230–1020] mortalities a−1 and increase REcomb by +7.0 mW m−2.We explore the impact of varying aviation FSC between 0 and 6000 ppm. Increasing FSC increases aviation-induced mortality, while enhancing climate cooling through increasing the aerosol cloud albedo effect (CAE). We explore the relationship between the injection altitude of aviation emissions and the resulting climate and air quality impacts. Compared to the standard aviation emissions distribution, releasing aviation emissions at the ground increases global aviation-induced mortality and produces a net warming effect, primarily through a reduced CAE. Aviation emissions injected at the surface are 5 times less effective at forming cloud condensation nuclei, reducing the aviation-induced CAE by a factor of 10. Applying high FSCs at aviation cruise altitudes combined with ULSJ fuel at lower altitudes results in reduced aviation-induced mortality and increased negative RE compared to the baseline aviation scenario.

Language: English

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What drives the development of community energy in Europe? The case of wind power cooperatives (2016)

Bauwens, T. ; Gotchev, B. ; Holstenkamp, L.

In: Energy research and social science

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

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Soil Protection and Rehabilitation for Food Security in Burkina Faso (2016)

Stiem, L.

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Under its special initiative “One World, No Hunger” (SEWOH), the GermanFederal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) is prioritizingefforts to deliver food security and enhance the management of naturalresources. The protection and rehabilitation of agricultural land managed bysmallholder farmers are central to this dual agenda and form the objectives ofa GIZ programme implemented in five countries. Seeking to explore new formsof development cooperation, SEWOH mandated the Global Soil Forum (GSF)to accompany the work of the GIZ through transdisciplinary research. Theaccompanying research project focuses on the socio-economic and culturalfactors that constrain the uptake of sustainable land management (SLM) techniquesby smallholder farmers. The GSF’s approach stresses co-developmentand the pursuit of research themes with local partners, including researchers,policymakers, actors of development cooperation, civil society organisations,and farmers.

Language: English

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An expert-based bayesian assessment of 2030 German new vehicle CO2 emissions and related costs (2016)

Krause, J. ; Small, M. ; Haas, A. ; [et al.]

In: Transport policy

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: We formulate and elicit Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs) for assessing possible characteristics of the 2030 German new passenger car fleet, including market shares of different vehicle types, CO2 emissions, user costs, and CO2 abatement costs for internal combustion engine vehicles including hybrid electric vehicles (ICE); plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV); and battery electric vehicles (BEV). Seven technology and environmental experts from the German Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) sector were elicited for key relationships and conditional probability values in the model, yielding seven distinct BBNs able to predict how different future technology, economic and policy scenarios will influence model projections. The 2030 scenarios include differing amounts of technological advancement in battery development, regulation, and fuel and electricity greenhouse gas intensities. Across the expert models, 2030 baseline fleet greenhouse gas emissions are predicted to be at 50–65% of 2008 new fleet emissions. They can be further reduced to 40–50% of the emissions of the 2008 new fleet through a combination of a higher share of renewables in the electricity mix, a larger share of biofuels in the fuel mix, and a stricter regulation of car CO2 emissions in the European Union. The experts' BBNs predict that the 2030 ICE will have lower user costs per kilometer than PHEV or BEV for most scenarios, and that ICE will remain the dominant vehicle type in the 2030 German new fleet. According to all of the experts' BBNs, CO2 abatement costs are negative for the 2030 ICE in all scenarios, but can be positive or negative for PHEV and BEV, depending on the expert model and scenario assumed. Critical areas where expert models agree and differ serve to highlight where reductions in uncertainty regarding future technology, economic, environmental and regulatory relationships are most needed to improve our ability to predict and anticipate future vehicle fleet composition and vehicle performance.

Language: English

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India: Meeting Energy Needs for Development While AddressingClimate Change (2016)

Joshi, M. ; Khosla, R.

In: Sustainable Energy in the G20: Prospects for a Global Energy Transition | IASS Study

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: India is undergoing structural urban and economic transitions and has set ambitiouspolicy targets to meet its rising energy needs for development. Expanding coal andrenewables are two important pillars of this undertaking and, since 2008, climate protectionis of increasing concern. India’s international engagements reflect these motivationsof both energy security and climate change, where India is increasingly engagingin transfer of clean and efficient energy technologies to developing countries like itself.

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Germany: Promoting an Energiewende Domestically and Globally (2016)

Röhrkasten, S. ; Steinbacher, K.

In: Sustainable Energy in the G20: Prospects for a Global Energy Transition | IASS Study

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: The German Energiewende – literally translated as “energy turnaround” – is an outstandingexample of a national effort to transform an energy system. Driven by publicopposition to nuclear energy, and by efforts to combat climate change, the Energiewendebuilds on a massive expansion of renewable energy as well as improvements inenergy efficiency. So far, efforts have focused on the electricity sector, while progressin the heating and transport sector has been very limited. In addition, Germany alsohas a long track record of promoting sustainable energy with its international energypolicies.

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Investigation and Evaluation of the open source ETL tools GeoKettle and Talend Open Studio in terms of their ability to process spatial data (2016)

Kuhnert, K. ; Quedenau, J.

In: Geophysical Research Abstracts

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Integration and harmonization of large spatial data sets is not only since the introduction of the spatial data infrastructure INSPIRE a big issue. The process of extracting and combining spatial data from heterogeneous source formats, transforming that data to obtain the required quality for particular purposes and loading it into a data store, are common tasks. The procedure of Extraction, Transformation and Loading of data is called ETL process. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can take over many of these tasks but often they are not suitable for processing large datasets. ETL tools can make the implementation and execution of ETL processes convenient and efficient. One reason for choosing ETL tools for data integration is that they ease maintenance because of a clear (graphical) presentation of the transformation steps. Developers and administrators are provided with tools for identification of errors, analyzing processing performance and managing the execution of ETL processes. Another benefit of ETL tools is that for most tasks no or only little scripting skills are required so that also researchers without programming background can easily work with it. Investigations on ETL tools for business approaches are available for a long time. However, little work has been published on the capabilities of those tools to handle spatial data. In this work, we review and compare the open source ETL tools GeoKettle and Talend Open Studio in terms of processing spatial data sets of different formats. For evaluation, ETL processes are performed with both software packages based on air quality data measured during the BÄRLIN2014 Campaign initiated by the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS). The aim of the BÄRLIN2014 Campaign is to better understand the sources and distribution of particulate matter in Berlin. The air quality data are available in heterogeneous formats because they were measured with different instruments. For further data analysis, the instrument data has been complemented by other georeferenced data provided by the local environmental authorities. This includes both vector and raster data on e.g. land use categories or building heights, extracted from flat files and OGC-compliant web services. The requirements on the ETL tools are now for instance the extraction of different input datasets like Web Feature Services or vector datasets and the loading of those into databases. The tools also have to manage transformations on spatial datasets like to work with spatial functions (e.g. intersection, union) or change spatial reference systems. Preliminary results suggest that many complex transformation tasks could be accomplished with the existing set of components from both software tools, while there are still many gaps in the range of available features. Both ETL tools differ in functionality and in the way of implementation of various steps. For some tasks no predefined components are available at all, which could partly be compensated by the use of the respective API (freely configurable components in Java or JavaScript).

Language: English

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A Legacy of Science Cooperation for Future Generations: The White House Arctic Science Ministerial (2016)

Keil, K.

In: Canadian Science Policy Centre

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Language: English

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68

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The Changing Energy Landscape in the Atlantic Space (2016)

Stefes, C. ; Kraemer, R.

In: Atlantic Future. Shaping a New Hemisphere for the 21st century: Africa, Europe and the Americas

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

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Hydrogen production via methane pyrolysis in a liquid metal bubble column reactor with a packed bed (2016)

Geißler, T. ; Abánades, A. ; Heinzel, A. ; [et al.]

In: Chemical Engineering Journal

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Methane pyrolysis experiments using a quartz glass-steel bubble column reactor filled with liquid tin and cylindrical quartz glass rings serving as a packed bed were conducted at various liquid metal temperature levels in the range of 930–1175 °C. Besides the liquid metal temperature, special attention was paid to the influence of the feed gas volume flow rate in the range of 50–200 mln/min and the inlet feed gas dilution with nitrogen. Increasing liquid metal temperatures resulted in increasing hydrogen yields, leading to a maximum hydrogen yield of 78% at 1175 °C and 50 mln/min methane volume flow rate. Within all experimental runs, less than 1.5 mol-% intermediate products were detected in the product gas. The produced carbon appeared as a powder consisting of flake shaped agglomerations in the size range of 15–20 μm, wherein the particle size varied from 40 nm to 100 nm. During the experiments, the produced carbon was completely separated and accumulated at the top surface of the liquid metal. Only minor quantities were transported with the off gas stream. Within the liquid metal inventory, a thin carbon layer of about 10 μm, probably partly showing the formation of nanotubes, in the hot reaction zone, had been deposited on the quartz glass reactor wall.

Language: English

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Systemic Risks: The New Kid on the Block (2016)

Renn, O.

In: Environment : science and policy for sustainable development

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

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Japan: Dominated by Fukushima and Tackling Hard Problems in Decarbonisation (2016)

Hughes, L.

In: Sustainable Energy in the G20: Prospects for a Global Energy Transition | IASS Study

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Japan’s energy policy remains dominated by the Fukushima nuclear disaster of 2011.While the government continues to be committed to nuclear power, its future is uncertain.Japanese greenhouse gas emissions have increased significantly as nuclear energyhas been replaced by gas and coal. Ambitious policies in the transport sector promotebattery electric and fuel cell vehicles. The introduction of feed-in tariffs favoured thebuild-up of non-residential solar photovoltaics. As part of its climate commitments,Japan aims to further expand the use of renewables, improve energy efficiency andrestart nuclear energy.

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72

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Co-Benefits als interessenbezogene Zusatznutzen der Klimapolitik (2016)

Jänicke, M. ; Helgenberger, S.

In: Ökologisches Wirtschaften

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: In der Klimapolitik rücken Zusatzeffekte möglicher Politikoptionen zunehmend in den Mittelpunkt des Interesses. Die systematische Evaluierung dieser Co-Benefits kann eine wichtige strategische Lücke schließen und neue strategische Koalitionen der Klimapolitik mit Wirtschafts- und Sozialressorts eröffnen.

Language: German

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Die ungewissen Klimakosten von Erdgas: Bewertung der Unstimmigkeiten in den Daten zu Methanlecks in Europa, Russland und den USA und deren Auswirkungen auf die Nachhaltigkeit (2016)

Cremonese, L. ; Gusev, A.

In: IASS Working Paper

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Die vorliegende Studie beinhaltet einen Vergleicheiniger diesbezüglich relevanter Länder: der USA,Deutschland, der Niederlande und Russland. Nebeneiner kritischen Überprüfung des jeweiligen nationalenStatus quo (z. B. im Hinblick auf Datenbeschaffung,Überwachung etc.) konzentriert sie sich auf dieausgeprägten Unstimmigkeiten bezüglich der in jedemeinzelnen Gassegment gemeldeten Gasverluste.Von besonderer Bedeutung sind dabei die USA, wodie Schätzungen der Upstream-Gasleckraten (Exploration,Förderung, Produktion) wesentlich höherausfallen als die entsprechenden Raten in Europa. An Überprüfungen dieser Art mangelt es nach wie vorweltweit, obwohl das Bewusstsein für dieses Problemzunimmt, was wiederum verschiedene Initiativen internationalerInstitutionen [Wirtschaftskommissionfür Europa der Vereinten Nationen (United NationsEconomic Commission for Europe, UNECE)], NGOs[Bündnis für Klima und saubere Luft (Oil & Gas MethanePartnership, Climate and Clean Air Coalition,CCAC)] und Gasbetreiber (Marcogaz) belegen. Umdie ehrgeizigen internationalen Ziele zu erreichen, dieim Pariser Klimaabkommen festgeschrieben wurden,müssen die politischen Entscheidungsträger in Zusammenarbeitmit der Erdgasindustrie zeitnah angemesseneMaßnahmen ergreifen, die darauf abzielen,die Methanemissionen, deren Auswirkungen auf dieglobale Temperatur ähnlich besorgniserregend sindwie die von Kohlendioxid, empirisch zu überprüfenund zu reduzieren.

Language: German

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Exploring the impact of social norms and perceptions on women's participation in customary forest and land governance in the Democratic Republic of Congo— implications for REDD+ (2016)

Stiem, L. ; Krause, T.

In: International Forestry Review

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Language: English

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75

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Risiko aus Sicht der Sozialwissenschaften (2016)

Renn, O.

In: Gesundheitsrisiken im gesellschaftlichen Diskurs

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Language: German

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76

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Teil C. Was hat sich bewährt - Evaluation von Formaten und Verfahren (2016)

Renn, O. ; Benighaus, L. ; Benighaus, C.

In: Bürgerbeteiligung Konzepte und Lösungswege für die Praxis

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Language: German

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Sustainable Energy in the G20: Prospects for a Global Energy Transition (2016)

Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)

In: IASS Study

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: This IASS study considers the potential of the G20 to shape a global transition to sustainable energy, urgentlyneeded in order to achieve the UN’s climate and sustainability goals. The G20, a group of major emerging andindustrialised economies, is a high-level political forum that brings together a heterogeneous set of members.The Group carries great weight in international energy governance, and accounts for 80 percent of the world’s totalprimary energy consumption and 82 percent of global energy-related CO2 emissions. Thus, decisions and actions ofthe G20 and its members have the capacity to significantly impact global energy systems.The study analyses the energy sector developments of 14 G20 members (Argentina, Brazil, China, European Union,France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey and the United States).Short case studies trace major trends and policy initiatives in the countries and identify both potential conflictsof interest and existing common ground within the G20. Each study offers an assessment of potential impulsesoriginating from the respective case, and how these might help foster international cooperation for advancing aglobal energy transition.

Description: Table of Contents1. Introduction and Main Insights from the Study - Sybille Roehrkasten, Sonja Thielges and Rainer Quitzow http://publications.iass-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:19069032. The G20 and its Role in Global Energy Governance - Sybille Roehrkasten and Kirsten Westphal http://publications.iass-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:19069073. Argentina: From an Energy Stalemate Towards Shale Gas Expansion and Creating a Renewables Market - Moïra Jimeno http://publications.iass-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:19069104. Brazil: Long Tradition of Renewables-Based Energy Supply and Ethanol Diplomacy - Sybille Roehrkasten http://publications.iass-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:19069135. China: Emerging Global Power in Clean Energy? - Rainer Quitzow http://publications.iass-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:19088896. The EU: In the Midst of Crisis – Downgraded SustainableEnergy Ambitions - Kirsten Westphal http://publications.iass-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:19108887. France: Reducing Nuclear Dominance and Promoting a Low-Carbon Energy System - Carole Mathieu http://publications.iass-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:19108918. Germany: Promoting an Energiewende Domestically and Globally - Sybille Roehrkasten and Karoline Steinbacher http://publications.iass-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:19108959. India: Meeting Energy Needs for Development While Addressing Climate Change - Madhura Joshi and Radhika Khosla http://publications.iass-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:191089710. Indonesia: A Long Way to Low-Carbon Development - Jens Marquardt http://publications.iass-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:191090011. Japan: Dominated by Fukushima and Tackling Hard Problemsin Decarbonisation - Llewelyn Hughes http://publications.iass-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:191090312. Russia: A Gas Superpower Striving for Nuclear Expansion and Starting to Support Renewables - Alexander Gusev http://publications.iass-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:191090713. Saudi Arabia: Oil as a Burden in the Struggle for Energy Diversification - Sebastian Sons http://publications.iass-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:191091014. South Africa: Carbon-Intensive Economy and a Regional Renewable Energy Frontrunner - Agathe Maupin http://publications.iass-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:191091315. Turkey: Great Potential, Missing Will - Jörn Richert http://publications.iass-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:191091616. The United States: Domestic Transitions and International Leadership Towards Low-Carbon Energy - Karoline Steinbacher http://publications.iass-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:1910919

Language: English

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Fünf Jahre integrative Forschung zur Energiewende: Erfahrungen und Einsichten (2016)

Grunwald, A. ; Renn, O. ; Schippl, J.

In: GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Nach der Reaktorkatastrophe in Fukushima 2011 wurde die Helmholtz-Allianz ENERGY-TRANS gegründet, um die technisch ausgerichtete Energieforschung um eine sozialwissenschaftlich geprägte interdisziplinäre Perspektive zu ergänzen. Seit 2012 haben die Wissen-schaftler(innen) hier über ihre Projekte berichtet. ENERGY-TRANS wird fristgerecht Ende 2016 beendet - die abschließende Mitteilung fasst wichtige Ergebnisse zusammen.

Language: German

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Effect of VOC emissions from vegetation on urban air quality during hot periods (2016)

Churkina, G. ; Kuik, F. ; Bonn, B. ; [et al.]

In: Geophysical Research Abstracts

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Programs to plant millions of trees in cities around the world aim at the reduction of summer temperatures,increase of carbon storage, storm water control, and recreational space, as well as at poverty alleviation. Theseurban greening programs, however, do not take into account how closely human and natural systems are coupledin urban areas. Compared with the surroundings of cities, elevated temperatures together with high anthropogenicemissions of air and water pollutants are quite typical in urban systems. Urban and sub-urban vegetation respondto changes in meteorology and air quality and can react to pollutants. Neglecting this coupling may lead tounforeseen negative effects on air quality resulting from urban greening programs. The potential of emissions ofvolatile organic compounds (VOC) from vegetation combined with anthropogenic emissions of air pollutants toproduce ozone has long been recognized. This ozone formation potential increases under rising temperatures.Here we investigate how emissions of VOC from urban vegetation affect corresponding ground-level ozoneand PM10 concentrations in summer and especially during heat wave periods. We use the Weather Researchand Forecasting Model with coupled atmospheric chemistry (WRF-CHEM) to quantify these feedbacks inthe Berlin-Brandenburg region, Germany during the two summers of 2006 (heat wave) and 2014 (referenceperiod). VOC emissions from vegetation are calculated by MEGAN 2.0 coupled online with WRF-CHEM. Ourpreliminary results indicate that the contribution of VOCs from vegetation to ozone formation may increase bymore than twofold during heat wave periods. We highlight the importance of the vegetation for urban areas in thecontext of a changing climate and discuss potential tradeoffs of urban greening programs.

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Implications on atmospheric dynamics and the effect on black carbon transport into the Eurasian Arctic based on the choice of land surface model schemes and reanalysis data in model simulations with WRF (2016)

Cavazos Guerra, C. ; Lauer, A. ; Herber, A. ; [et al.]

In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: A realistic simulation of physical and dynamical processes in the Arctic atmosphere and its feedbacks with the surface conditions is still a challenge for state-of-the-art Arctic climate models. This is of critical importance because studies of, for example, transport of pollutants from middle latitudes into the Arctic rely on the skill of the model in correctly representing atmospheric circulation including the key mechanisms and pathways of pollutant transport. In this work the performance of the Weather Research and Forecast model (WRF) with two land surface model schemes (Noah and NoahMP) and two reanalysis data sets for creation of lateral boundary conditions (ERA-interim and ASR) is evaluated focusing on meteorological surface properties and atmospheric dynamics. This includes the position and displacement of the polar dome and other features characterizing atmospheric circulation associated to sea ice maxima/minima extent within the Eurasian Arctic. The model simulations analyzed are carried out at 15-km horizontal resolution over a period of five years (2008 to 2012). The WRF model simulations are evaluated against surface meteorological data from automated weather stations and vertical profiles from radiosondes. Results show that the model is able to reproduce the main features of the atmospheric dynamics and vertical structure of the Arctic atmosphere reasonably well. The influence of the choice of the reanalyses used as initial and lateral boundary condition and of the LSM on the model results is complex and no combination is found to be clearly superior in all variables analyzed. The model results show that a more sophisticated formulation of land surface processes does not necessarily lead to significant improvements in the model results. This suggests that other factors such as the decline of the Arctic sea ice, stratosphere-troposphere interactions, atmosphere-ocean interaction, and boundary layer processes are also highly important and can have a significant influence on the model results. The “best” configuration for simulating Arctic meteorology and processes most relevant for pollutant transport (ASR + NoahMP) is then used in a simulation with WRF including aerosols and chemistry (WRF-Chem) to simulate black carbon (BC) concentrations in and around the Arctic and to assess the role of the modeled atmospheric circulation in the simulated BC concentrations inside the Arctic domain. Results from simulations with chemistry are evaluated against aerosol optical depth from several Aeronet stations and BC concentrations and particle number concentrations from several stations from the EBAS database. The results with WRF-Chem show a strong dependency of the simulated BC concentration on the modeled meteorology and the transport of the pollutants around our domain. The results also show that biases in the modeled BC concentrations can also be related to the emission data. Significant improvements of the models and of our understanding of the impact of anthropogenic BC emissions on the Arctic strongly depends on the availability of suitable, long-term observational data of concentrations of BC and particulate matter, vertical profiles of temperature and humidity and wind.

Language: English

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Yield gap of winter wheat in Europe and sensitivity of potential yield to climate factors (2016)

Ma, S. ; Churkina, G. ; Gessler, A. ; [et al.]

In: Climate Research

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Language: English

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Energy Democracy: Germany’s Energiewende to Renewables (2016)

Morris, C. ; Jungjohann, A.

Palgrave Macmillan

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: This book outlines how Germans convinced their politicians to pass laws allowing citizens to make their own energy, even when it hurt utility companies to do so. It traces the origins of the Energiewende movement in Germany from the Power Rebels of Schönau to German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s shutdown of eight nuclear power plants following the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident. The authors explore how, by taking ownership of energy efficiency at a local level, community groups are key actors in the bottom-up fight against climate change. Individually, citizens might install solar panels on their roofs, but citizen groups can do much more: community wind farms, local heat supply, walkable cities and more. This book offers evidence that the transition to renewables is a one-time opportunity to strengthen communities and democratize the energy sector – in Germany and around the world.

Language: English

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83

Unknown

Weniger als null: Mit dem globalen Klimaabkommen von Paris, das Anfang November in Kraft tritt, entfernt sich die Politiknoch weiter von der physikalischen Realität, (2016)

Geden, O. ; Schäfer, S.

In: NZZ am Sonntag : Wissen

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Language: German

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84

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Wirtschaftliche Interessen in der europäischen Klima- und Energiepolitik. Entwicklungstendenzen unterhalb der nationalen Ebene (2016)

Jänicke, M. ; Quitzow, R.

In: Städte und Energiepolitik im europäischen Mehrebenensystem | Schriftenreihe des Arbeitskreises Europäische Integration e.V.

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Die europäische Energiepolitik ist in ein komplexes Mehrebenensystem eingebettet. Auf der supranationalen Ebene formulierte Ziele und Policies müssen auf der lokalen Ebene implementiert werden, wo Energie bereitgestellt und verbraucht wird. Städte bieten zudem ein großes Innovationspotenzial und können eine Vorbildrolle bei Maßnahmen zur Minderung des Verbrauchs, zur Erhöhung der Effizienz und zur Förderung erneuerbarer Energieträger einnehmen.Der Sammelband untersucht die Rolle von Städten in der europäischen Energiepolitik im Hinblick auf die Ziele Energiesicherheit, Nachhaltigkeit und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit. Die Beiträge thematisieren erstens Strategien der EU zur Einbindung von Städten in die Energiepolitik. Zweitens behandeln sie die Perspektive der Städte auf die EU und deren Umgang mit den europäischen Politikinstrumenten. Drittens werden beispielhaft die Handlungsfelder Energieversorgung, Wohnen und Immobilien sowie Mobilität und Verkehr betrachtet.

Description: EU energy policy is embedded in a complex multilevel context. Policy strategies that are developed at supranational levels must be implemented at the local level, where energy is supplied and consumed. Cities also play an important role as innovators, policy laboratories and role models as they develop lighthouse projects concerned with saving energy, energy efficiency and the promotion of renewable energy sources.This volume discusses the role of cities in the field of EU energy policy with regard to energy security, sustainability and competitiveness and its chapters encompass different perspectives on the topic. Firstly, the book analyses the strategies the EU uses to incorporate cities into its energy policy. Secondly, it considers EU policy instruments from the perspective of those cities and their reactions to them. Thirdly, the remaining chapters examine local policies on energy supply, planning and real estate, and traffic and transport.

Language: German

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85

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Governing Tenure Rights to Commons: A guide to support the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security (2016)

FAO ; Beckh, C. ; Gärtner, E. ; [et al.]

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)

In: FAO Governance of Tenure Technical Guides

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: This guide on Governing Tenure Rights to Commons aims to support states, communitybasedorganizations, civil society organizations, the private sector and other relevantactors, to take proactive measures to implement the standards and recommendationsof the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries andForests in the Context of National Food Security (the Guidelines). The goal is to achievelegal recognition and protection of tenure rights to commons and community-basedgovernance structures.

Language: English , Spanish , French

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86

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Five solar geoengineering tropes that have outstayed their welcome (2016)

Reynolds, J. ; Parker, A. ; Irvine, P.

In: Earth's Future

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: In the last decade, solar geoengineering (solar radiation management, or SRM) has received increasing consideration as a potential means to reduce risks of anthropogenic climate change. Some ideas regarding SRM that have been proposed have receded after being appropriately scrutinized, while others have strengthened through testing and critique. This process has improved the understanding of SRM's potential and limitations. However, several claims are frequently made in the academic and popular SRM discourses and, despite evidence to the contrary, pose the risk of hardening into accepted facts. Here, in order to foster a more productive and honest debate, we identify, describe, and refute five of the most problematic claims that are unsupported by existing evidence, unlikely to occur, or greatly exaggerated. These are: (A) once started, SRM cannot be stopped; (B) SRM is a right-wing project; (C) SRM would cost only a few billion dollars per year; (D) modeling studies indicate that SRM would disrupt monsoon precipitation; and (E) there is an international prohibition on outdoors research. SRM is a controversial proposed set of technologies that could prove to be very helpful or very harmful, and it warrants vigorous and informed public debate. By highlighting and debunking some persistent but unsupported claims, this paper hopes to bring rigor to such discussions.

Language: English

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87

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Testing the value of public participation in Germany: Theory, operationalization and a case study on the evaluation of participation (2016)

Schroeter, R. ; Scheel, O. ; Renn, O. ; [et al.]

In: Energy research and social science

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: This paper examines the implications posed by the European Climate Protection Plan and the German Energy Transition. Both involve social conflicts regarding technical feasibility, norms, and values. Technological expertise alone is insufficient to resolve these normative questions and conflicts. In addition to technological expertise, social and communicative competence is therefore needed to deal with the social and cultural challenges of an energy transition. One method to cope with conflicts that arise as a result of the energy transition refers to the use of citizen participation. Many analysts of participatory processes suggest that participation, if done properly, enhances acceptability and legitimacy of a transition process, contributes to improved efficiency of decisions, and promotes factual knowledge. This paper analyses and discusses these anticipated positive effects within a theoretical framework and a corresponding empirical case study.

Language: English

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88

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China: Emerging Global Power in Clean Energy? (2016)

Quitzow, R.

In: Sustainable Energy in the G20: Prospects for a Global Energy Transition | IASS Study

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: China’s electricity supply is still strongly dependent on coal, but a strong domesticrenewable energy industry is driving rapid deployment of wind and solar energy. Furtherprogress will depend on the implementation of planned power sector reforms. Intransport, the continued proliferation of automobiles is driving growth in CO2 emissions.Investments in an electric vehicle industry may offer opportunities for decarbonisationin the long term. China’s initiative to promote green finance during its G20presidency is in line with its ambitions to promote overseas markets for its emergingclean energy industry.

Language: English

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89

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Buddha's birthplace (Lumbini, Nepal) is polluted (2016)

Rupakheti, D. ; Adhikary, B. ; Praveen Puppala, S. ; [et al.]

In: Geophysical Research Abstracts

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Lumbini, in southern Nepal, is a UNESCO world heritage site of universal value as the birthplace of the Buddha. Poor air quality in Lumbini and surrounding regions is a great concern for public health as well as for preservation, protection and promotion of Buddhist heritage and culture. Measurements of the ambient concentrations of key air pollutants (BC, PM, CO, O3) were conducted in Lumbini, first of its kind in Lumbini, during an intensive measurement period of three months (April-June 2013) in the pre-monsoon season. The measurements were carried out as a part of the international air pollution measurement campaign; SusKat-ABC (Sustainable Atmosphere for the Kathmandu Valley - Atmospheric Brown Clouds). Hourly average concentrations were: BC: 4.9±3.8 (0.3-29.9) μg/m3; CO: 344.1±160.3 (124.9-1429.7) ppbv; O3: 46.6±20.3 (0.85-118.1) ppbv; PM10: 128.8±91.9 (10.5-603.9) μg/m3; and PM2.5: 53.1±35.1 (6.1-272.2) μg/m3. These levels are comparable to heavily polluted sites in the region. The 24-h average PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations frequently (94% and 85%, respectively, of the sampled period) exceeded the WHO guideline, which implies significant health risks for the residents and visitors in the region. Clear diurnal cycles were observed for the pollutants. Occurrences of peak concentrations during the study period were due to regional forest fires and meteorological conditions conducive of transport to Lumbini. The WRF-STEM model was used to simulate the meteorology and the pollution concentration, and showed the model concentration to be lower by a factor of ~1.4-5, even though the model was able to capture the observed variability. Regionally tagged CO tracers and the chemical composition of fine mode PM2.5 was obtained from the model. The aerosol spectral light absorption coefficients obtained from Lumbini indicated presence of BC from both biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion, with more than half of the ambient BC attributable to fossil fuel combustion. Given the high pollution levels, there is a clear and urgent need for setting up a network of long-term air quality monitoring stations in the greater Lumbini region. This is a special place which demands special attention to safeguard the valuable world heritage properties as well as public health and agro-ecosystems in the region from impacts of air pollution.

Language: English

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90

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Agriculture, Ammonia, and Air Pollution (2016)

von Schneidemesser, E. ; Kutzner, R. ; Münster, A. ; [et al.]

In: IASS Fact Sheet

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Agriculture is a significant source of particulate matter and the largest source of ammonia emissions, which are released during the decomposition of manure and other organic matter. Measures to reduce ammonia emissions exist but lack broad implementation.

Language: German

Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper

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91

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Variation of the NMVOC speciation in the solvent sector and the sensitivity of modelled tropospheric ozone (2016)

von Schneidemesser, E. ; Coates, J. ; Denier van der Gon, H. ; [et al.]

In: Atmospheric Environment

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Language: English

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92

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Air quality modelling in the Berlin–Brandenburg region using WRF-Chem v3.7.1: sensitivity to resolution of model grid and input data (2016)

Kuik, F. ; Lauer, A. ; Churkina, G. ; [et al.]

In: Geoscientific Model Development

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Air pollution is the number one environmental cause of premature deaths in Europe. Despite extensive regulations, air pollution remains a challenge, especially in urban areas. For studying summertime air quality in the Berlin–Brandenburg region of Germany, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) is set up and evaluated against meteorological and air quality observations from monitoring stations as well as from a field campaign conducted in 2014. The objective is to assess which resolution and level of detail in the input data is needed for simulating urban background air pollutant concentrations and their spatial distribution in the Berlin–Brandenburg area. The model setup includes three nested domains with horizontal resolutions of 15, 3 and 1 km and anthropogenic emissions from the TNO-MACC III inventory. We use RADM2 chemistry and the MADE/SORGAM aerosol scheme. Three sensitivity simulations are conducted updating input parameters to the single-layer urban canopy model based on structural data for Berlin, specifying land use classes on a sub-grid scale (mosaic option) and downscaling the original emissions to a resolution of ca. 1 km × 1 km for Berlin based on proxy data including traffic density and population density. The results show that the model simulates meteorology well, though urban 2 m temperature and urban wind speeds are biased high and nighttime mixing layer height is biased low in the base run with the settings described above. We show that the simulation of urban meteorology can be improved when specifying the input parameters to the urban model, and to a lesser extent when using the mosaic option. On average, ozone is simulated reasonably well, but maximum daily 8 h mean concentrations are underestimated, which is consistent with the results from previous modelling studies using the RADM2 chemical mechanism. Particulate matter is underestimated, which is partly due to an underestimation of secondary organic aerosols. NOx (NO + NO2) concentrations are simulated reasonably well on average, but nighttime concentrations are overestimated due to the model's underestimation of the mixing layer height, and urban daytime concentrations are underestimated. The daytime underestimation is improved when using downscaled, and thus locally higher emissions, suggesting that part of this bias is due to deficiencies in the emission input data and their resolution. The results further demonstrate that a horizontal resolution of 3 km improves the results and spatial representativeness of the model compared to a horizontal resolution of 15 km. With the input data (land use classes, emissions) at the level of detail of the base run of this study, we find that a horizontal resolution of 1 km does not improve the results compared to a resolution of 3 km. However, our results suggest that a 1 km horizontal model resolution could enable a detailed simulation of local pollution patterns in the Berlin–Brandenburg region if the urban land use classes, together with the respective input parameters to the urban canopy model, are specified with a higher level of detail and if urban emissions of higher spatial resolution are used.

Language: English

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93

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The United States: Domestic Transitions and International Leadership Towards Low-Carbon Energy (2016)

Steinbacher, K.

In: Sustainable Energy in the G20: Prospects for a Global Energy Transition | IASS Study

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: As the world’s second largest energy consumer and emitter of greenhouse gases, oneof its most important producers of oil and gas and home to the second largest capacityof renewable energy, the United States is a central actor in global energy governance.Energy policy in the United States has been characterised by an open approachwith regard to the choice of energy sources and is aimed at reaching a target trianglecomprising economic competitiveness and employment; energy security; and thedevelopment and deployment of low-carbon energy sources. This “all-of-the-abovestrategy” is reflected not only in domestic energy policy, where state initiatives alsodecisively shape the policy landscape for sustainable energy, but also in US internationalenergy activities.

Language: English

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94

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Der Verlust der (bio-)kulturellen Diversität im Anthropozän (2016)

Mauelshagen, F.

In: Die Welt im Anthropozän: Erkundungen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Ökologie und Humanität

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Language: German

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95

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Implications of the choice of land surface model schemes and reanalyzes data for initialization in model simulations with WRF to characterize atmospheric dynamics and the effect on black carbon concentrations into the Eurasian Arctic (2016)

Cavazos Guerra, C. ; Lauer, A. ; Herber, A. ; [et al.]

In: Abstract GC21A-1052

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Realistic simulation of physical and dynamical processes happening in the Arctic surface and atmosphere, and the interacting feedbacks of these processes is still a challenge for Arctic climate modelers. This is critical when further studies involving for the example transport mechanisms and pathways of pollutants from lower latitudes into the Arctic rely on the efficiency of the model to represent atmospheric circulation, especially given the complexity of the Arctic atmosphere. In this work we evaluate model performance of the Weather Research and Forecast model (WRF) according to the choice of two land surface model schemes (Noah and NoahMP) and two reanalyzes data for initialization to create lateral boundary conditions (ERA-interim and ASR) to simulate surface and atmosphere dynamics including the location and displacement of the polar dome and other features characterizing atmospheric circulation associated to sea ice maxima/minima extent within the Eurasian Arctic conformed by the Nordic countries in Northern Europe and part of West Russia. Sensitivity analyses include simulations at 15km horizontal resolution within a period of five years from 2008 to 2012. The WRF model simulations are evaluated against surface meteorological data from automated weather stations and atmospheric profiles from radiosondes. Results show that the model is able to reproduce the main features of the atmospheric dynamics and vertical structure of the Arctic atmosphere reasonably well. The model is, however, sensitive to the choice of the reanalyses used for initialization and land surface scheme with signiﬁcant biases in the simulated description of surface meteorology and winds, moisture and temperature proﬁles. The best choice of physical parameterization is then used in the WRF with coupled chemistry (WRF-Chem) to simulate BC concentrations in several case studies within the analyzed period in our domain and assess the role of modeled circulation in concentrations of BC inside our Arctic domain. Results from simulations with coupled chemistry are evaluated against several Aerosol Optical Depth of several Aeronet stations and Black Carbon concentrations and Particle Concentration Numbers from several stations from the EBAS database.

Language: English

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96

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The Ethics of Engineering the Climate [Editorial] (2016)

Baatz, C. ; Heyward, C. ; Stelzer, H.

In: Environmental values

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Language: English

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97

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Der Mensch als Pilot im Raumschiff Erde? : Das Konzept vom Anthropozän, Geoengineering und der Klimawandel (2016)

Bruhn, T.

In: Dossier Anthropozän

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Die globale Erwärmung gilt als eine der wichtigsten Herausforderungen unserer Zeit: Wie können wir unsere Zukunft gestalten? Es wächst das Gefühl, unser Handeln schnell umstellen zu müssen. Kann die Idee vom Anthropozän dabei helfen und welche Argumente werden für und gegen Geoengineering vorgebracht? Dr. Thomas Bruhn beleuchtet die wichtigsten Fragen, die den Klimawandel im Anthropozän betreffen.

Language: German

Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other

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98

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The airborne mass spectrometer AIMS - Part 2: Measurements of trace gases with stratospheric or tropospheric origin in the UTLS (2016)

Jurkat, T. ; Kaufmann, S. ; Voigt, C. ; [et al.]

In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Abstract. Understanding the role of climate-sensitive trace gas variabilities in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region (UTLS) and their impact on its radiative budget requires accurate measurements. The composition of the UTLS is governed by transport and chemistry of stratospheric and tropospheric constituents, such as chlorine, nitrogen oxide and sulfur compounds. The Atmospheric chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer AIMS has been developed to accurately measure a set of these constituents on aircraft by means of chemical ionization. Here we present a setup using SF5− reagent ions for the simultaneous measurement of trace gas concentrations of HCl, HNO3 and SO2 in the  pptv to ppmv (10−12 to 10−6 mol mol−1) range with in-flight and online calibration called AIMS-TG (Atmospheric chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer for measurements of trace gases). Part 1 of this paper (Kaufmann et al., 2016) reports on the UTLS water vapor measurements with the AIMS-H2O configuration. The instrument can be flexibly switched between two configurations depending on the scientific objective of the mission. For AIMS-TG, a custom-made gas discharge ion source has been developed for generation of reagent ions that selectively react with HCl, HNO3, SO2 and HONO. HNO3 and HCl are routinely calibrated in-flight using permeation devices; SO2 is continuously calibrated during flight adding an isotopically labeled 34SO2 standard. In addition, we report on trace gas measurements of HONO, which is sensitive to the reaction with SF5−. The detection limit for the various trace gases is in the low 10 pptv range at a 1 s time resolution with an overall uncertainty of the measurement of the order of 20 %. AIMS has been integrated and successfully operated on the DLR research aircraft Falcon and HALO (High Altitude LOng range research aircraft). As an example, measurements conducted during the TACTS/ESMVal (Transport and Composition of the LMS/UT and Earth System Model Validation) mission with HALO in 2012 are presented, focusing on a classification of tropospheric and stratospheric influences in the UTLS region. The combination of AIMS measurements with other measurement techniques yields a comprehensive picture of the sulfur, chlorine and reactive nitrogen oxide budget in the UTLS. The different trace gases measured with AIMS exhibit the potential to gain a better understanding of the trace gas origin and variability at and near the tropopause.

Language: English

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99

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Air pollution trends in the EMEP region between 1990 and 2012. Joint Report of the EMEP Task Force on Measurements and Modelling (TFMM), Chemical Co-ordinating Centre (CCC), Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-East (MSC-E), Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-West (MSC-W). (2016)

Colette, A. ; Aas, W. ; Banin, L. ; [et al.]

Norwegian Institute for Air Research

In: EMEP/CCC-Report

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Language: English

Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report

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100

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Saubere Luft zum Atmen – bis 2030? (2016)

Lode, B. ; Toussaint, P.

In: IASS Policy Brief

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Publication Date: 2023-07-18

Description: Luftverschmutzung gehört zu den größten umweltbedingten Gefahren für die Gesundheit. Gleichwohl gibt es noch kein globales Abkommen im Kampf gegen grenzüberschreitende Luftverunreinigung. Doch die Agenda 2030 der Vereinten Nationen eröffnet hier einen neuen, komplementären Weg.

Language: German

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