ALBERT

Note: Contents: 1 The Computing Sciences ; 2 The Relational Approach ; 3 Implementation ; 4 Interaction ; 5 Relational Macrostructures and Analyses ; 6 Computing as a Great Scientific Domain ; 7 Conclusion

Note: Introduction -- Sulfur chemistry in aqueous solutions -- Sedimentary iron biogeochemistry -- Aqueous metal-sulfide chemistry: complexes, clusters and nanoparticles -- Metastable sedimentary iron sulfides -- Sedimentary pyrite -- Metal sequestration by sedimentary iron sulfides -- Microbial sulfate reduction in sediments -- Microbial sulfide oxidation in sediments -- Microbial ecology of sulfidic sediments -- Sedimentary sulfur isotope biogeochemistry -- Iron isotope fractionation in sedimentary sulfides -- Euxinic systems -- Sedimentary sulfides -- The geochemistry of sulfidic sedimentary rocks -- Fossil bacteria: evidence for the evolution of the sulfur biome -- The evolution of the sedimentary sulfur cycle..

Note: Sovereignty as an institution of international society / Matthew S. WeinertWestphalian sovereignty and realism in contemporary international security / Robert W. Murray -- International institutions and state sovereignty : frozen in time or warming to change / Tom Keating -- Ecological sovereignty and Arctic politics / Guy-Serge Côté and Matthew Paterson -- Canadian Arctic security : shifting challenges / Rob Huebert -- U.S. Arctic policy : reproducing hegemony in a maritime region / Philip E. Steinberg -- Russia's Arctic policy : continuity and changes / Gleb Yarovoy -- Norway's high Arctic policy / Geir Hønneland -- Territory, security and sovereignty : the kingdom of Denmark's Arctic strategy / Mark Nuttall -- Sweden and Arctic policy : possibilities for new wine in old bottles? / E. Carina H. Keskitalo -- Finland as an Arctic and European state : Finland's northern dimension (policy) / Lassi Heininen -- Iceland : a state within the Arctic / Alyson JK Bailes and Margrét Cela -- The Arctic and the European Union / Clive Archer -- The United Nations on Arctic issues / W. Andy Knight -- The future of the Arctic Council : navigating between sovereignty and security / Timo Koivurova and Piotr Graczyk -- International law and the Arctic : how territoriality, human rights and the environment can shape sovereignty / Betsy Baker -- Arctic oil, Inuit resource governance and the Arctic Council / Jessica M. Shadian -- A work in progress : the United Kingdom and the Arctic region / Klaus Dodds -- Emerging interests of non-Arctic countries in the Arctic : China, Japan, South Korea and India / Nong Hong & Anita Dey Nuttall -- Sovereignty, security and international cooperation : significance of the Antarctic experience for the Arctic / Anita Dey Nuttall..

Note: Contents: Preface ; Chapter 1: Knowledge Regimes and the National Origins of Policy Ideas ; Part I: The Political Economy of Knowledge Regimes ; Chapter 2: The Paradox of Partisanship in the United States ; Chapter 3: The Decline of Dirigisme in France ; Chapter 4: Coordination and Compromise in Germany ; Chapter 5: The Nature of Negotiation in Denmark ; Reprise: Initial Reflections on the National Cases ; Part II: Issues of Similarity and Impact ; Chapter 6: Limits of Convergence ; Chapter 7: Questions of Influence ; Part III: Conclusions ; Chapter 8: Summing Up and Normative Implications ; Postscript: An Agenda for Future Research ; Appendix: Research Design and Methods

Note: Introduction.The role of compliance in an evolving climate regime / Lavanya Rajamani, Jutta Brunnée, and Meinhard Doelle -- The emerging post-Cancun climate regime / Jennifer Morgan -- Promoting compliance with multilateral environmental agreements / Jutta Brunnée -- Compliance regimes in multilateral environmental agreements / Jane Bulmer -- Key features of the Kyoto Protocol's compliance system / René Lefeber and Sebastian Oberthür -- Experience with the facilitative and enforcement branches of the Kyoto compliance system / Meinhard Doelle -- Experiences with Articles 5, 7, and 8 defining the monitoring, reporting and verification system under the Kyoto Protocol / Anke Herold -- The role of non-state actors in climate compliance / Eric Dannenmaier -- Facilitation of compliance / Catherine Redgwell -- Enforcing compliance in an evolving climate regime / Michael Mehling -- Financial mechanisms under the climate regime / Haroldo Machado-Filho -- Post-2012 compliance and carbon markets / Franceso Sindico -- Compliance and the use of trade measures / Jacob Werksman -- 'Comparability of efforts' among developed country parties and the post-2012 compliance system / M.J. Mace -- From the Kyoto Protocol compliance system to MRV : what is at stake for the European Union? / Sandrine Maljean-Dubois and Anne-Sophie Tabau -- Compliance in transition countries / Christina Voigt -- Developing countries and compliance in the climate regime / Lavanya Rajamani -- The role of dispute settlement in the climate regime / Ruth Mackenzie -- Depoliticizing compliance / Geir Ulfstein -- Conclusion.Promoting compliance in an evolving climate regime / Meinhard Doelle, Jutta Brunnée, and Lavanya Rajamani..

Note: The Application of IR Spectroscopy to the Investigation of MineralsThe Discrete Approach -- The Full-Profile Analysis -- Polymerization of coordination polyhedra and structure topology -- Hydrogen-bearing groups and hydrogen bonding -- Solid-solution series -- Force parameters of cations in silicates -- IR spectra of minerals and reference samples data -- Borates, including sulfato-borates and arsenato-borates -- Carbides and carbonates -- Organic compounds and salts of organic acids -- Ammino-complexes, nitrates and sulfato-nitrates -- Oxides and hydroxides -- Fluorides -- Silicates -- Phosphates -- Sulfates, carbonato-sulfates, phosphato-sulfates and sulfides -- Chlorides -- Vanadates and vanadium oxides -- Chromates -- Arsenates, arsenites and sulfato-arsenates -- Selenites, molybdates, tellurites, tellurates, iodites, wolframates and wolfram oxides..

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS: Predislovie. - Problems of absolute chronology and correlation of the Pleistocene glaciations in Gorny Altai / A. R. Agatova, R. K. Nepop. - Ecological and geomorphological consequences of mineral deposits development in conditions of the arid zone of Kazakhstan / K. M. Akpambetova. - Forming conditions of bottom sediments of Prokopievskoe Lake (Northern Karelia) according to the diatoms data / A. N. Alekseeva, O. P. Korsakova. - Lithostratigraphy of the quaternary deep sea sediments / T. N. Alekseeva, V. N. Sval'nov. - Climatic records from sediments of Elgygytgyn Lake (Polar Chukotka) / P. M. Anderson, A. V. Lozhkin. - First records of environmental change from lake sediments of the Kuril Archipelago / P. M. Anderson, A. V. Lozhkin, P. S. Minuyk, A. Yu. Pakhomov, T. B. Solomatkina, M. V. Cherepanova. - Late Pliocene / early Pliocene environments of the North-Eastern Siberian Arctic inferred from Lake El'gygytgyn pollen record / A. A. Andreev, M. Melles, V. Wennrich, J. Brigham-Grette. - The middle Neopleistocene of the Timan-Pechora-Vychegda Region / L. N. Andreicheva. - Kargian megainterstadial of the Prebaikalia: geochronology and paleogeography / Kh. A. Arslanov, N. E. Berdnikova, S. B. Chernov, G. A. Vorobioba, I. V. Enuschenko, D. V. Kobylkin, R. E. Maksimov, Yu. V. Ryzhov, A. A. Starikova. - The human and environment of Southeast Baltic on the boundary of the Pleistocene and the Holocene / Kh. A. Arslanov, O. A. Druzhinina, M. A. Kulkova, T. V. Sapelko, D. A. Subetto, I. N. Skhodnov. - Age of soil-pyroclastic sequences and chronology of volcanic activity on Matua Island (Central Kurils) during the Holocene / Kh. A. Arslanov, I. V. Melekestsev, N. G. Razjigaeva, A. V. Degterev, A. V. Rybin. - Summary of the Upper Pleistocene correlations in the Russian North / V. I. Astakhov. - Holocene climatic events in Amur River Basin and their correlation / V. B. Bazarova, L. M. Mokhova, T. A. Grebennikova. - About a western boundary of Dnieper glaciation on the southern east-european platform / M. Bargl. - On the causes of two most significant events of the Holocene / A. A. Barenbaum. - On the issue of the construction of the quaternary stratigraphy scale and frequency of the meteoric impacts / A. A. Barenbaum. - Stratigraphy of the sediments from the Mendeleev Rise, (Central Arctic Ocean), based on benthic foraminifera and ostracoda / V. A. Basov, N. V. Kupriyanova, E. S. Novikhina. - Paleosecular geomagnetic variations and late Weichselian Holocene magnetochronology in N-W Russia / V. G. Bakhmutov. - Biostratigraphy of sediments middle and late Holocene in the basin downstream Ussuri / P. S. Belyanin. - The palynology characteristic of loess loam sediments of Ussuri-Khankarazdolnaya depression in the middle and late Neopleistocene / P. S. Belyanin, N. I. Belyanina. - Glacio-marine deposits on the Northern Prinze Charls Mountains (East Antarctica) / A. S. Birjukov, M. S. Egorov. - Features of environmental and climatic changes in the Northern Caspian Sea Region and Caspian Sea Level fluctuations controlled by climate during the Holocene / N. S. Bolikhovskaya. - "Milankovitch Theory" - What does it mean? / V. A. Bolshakov. - MIS 11 problem and supposed 400-kyr Pleistocene climate cycle / V. A. Bolshakov, I. A. Karevskaya. - Sedimentation in the Kamennoe Lake (Kanin Peninsula) and climate changes during the Holocene according to the lake sediments / D. Yu. Bolshiyanov, P. S. Vakhrameeva, G. B. Fedorov, N. A. Bakunov, T. V. Sapelko, A. V. Ludikova, A. S. Makarov, M. V. Pavlov. - Relief and quaternary deposits of the South-Eastern Part of Taimyr Peninsula / D. Yu. Bolshiyanov, G. B. Fedorov, A. V. Krylov, Kh. A. Arslanov, J. Tide. - Last glaciation of the Russian Arctic / B. A. Borisov, E. A. Minina. - Short-term landscape and climatic oscillations in the late glacial: the main steps, results and future prospects of research / O. K. Borisova. - Late Quaternary Plankton biostratigraphy in the Knipovich Ridge Area (North Atlantic) / M. E. Bylinskaya, L. A. Golovina, E. P. Radionova. - Palaeolimnological investigations in the Laptev Sea Region / P. S. Vakhrameeva, D. A. Subetto, B. Diekmann, B. Biskaborn, L. Heinecke, G. Muller. - Strucute and genesis of Gorodok elevation in North-East Belarus / A. Vashkov. - Present problems in the Quaternary (Postapsheronskii) stratigraphy and geochronology of the Caspian Sea Sediments / S. S. Veliev, E. N. Tagieva. - Problem of paleogeography of East Europe in late Pliocene and early Pleistocene / A. A. Velichko, V. V. Pisareva, M. A. Faustova. - Regularities of modern relief organization of Kolyma lowland tundra landscapes (Northeast Siberia) - Remote sensing and GIS Studies / A. A. Veremeeva. - The joint German-Russian Polygon Project - Environmental studies in East Siberian Tundra wetlands / S. Wetterich, A. Bobrov, U. Herzschuh, H. Joosten, L. Pestryakova, E.-M. Pfeijfer, L. Kutzbach, L. Schirrmeister, D. Subetto, V. Tumskoy. - Interglacial environments of Oyogos Yar (Dmitry Laptev Strait) / S. Wetterich, R. Kienast, S. Kuzmina, A. A. Andreev, L. Nazarova, L. Schirrmeister, V. V. Kunitsky. - Geological significance of section "Ogurtsovo" in district of Novosibirsk / I. A. Volkov, S. P. Kazmin. - Present problems of the Quaternary period stratigraphy of the West and Middle Siberia / V. S. Volkova. - New data on the evolution and age of sediments, enclosing the cultural horizon of middle Paleolithic Site Khotylevo-1 (River Desna Basin) / E. V. Voskresenskaya, L. B. Vishniytskiy, I. S. Zuganova, E. U. Novenko, A. K. Ocherednoy. - The Lake Sedimentogenez and features of the Paleogeography Prihankayskoy depression in Late Cenozoic / T. N. Voskresenskaya. - Relief and loose desposits of the Russian Plain main watershed protected areas in the South-East Onega / A. I. Voskresenskiy, I. S. Voskresenskiy, A. N. Kichigin. - Distribution of cryogenic micro relief in low mountainous massifs of the Kola Peninsula / E. V. Garankina. - Change of landscapes in early Pleistocene histories of East European Plane / N. I. Glushankova. - Some structural and mapping features of water-glacial deposits of the Don horizon / B. V. Glushkov, G. V. Kholmovoy. - Using dem for tasks of Quaternary geology and geomorphology of Siberia / N. V. Glushkova, V. A. Lyamina, I. D. Zolnikov, N. N. Dobretsov, V. P. Afanas'ev, D. A. Samdanov, I. I. Boldirev, S. A. Semenova. - Reference horizons of volcanic ash in Quaternary deposits of the Northern Coast of Okhotsk Sea / O. Yu. Glushkova, V. N. Smirnov. - Problems of the Eopleistocene volumes in the South-Eastern West Siberian Plate in the context of the Quaternary bottom lowering / A. G. Golovina, V. S. Volkova. - An influence of coastal processes on sedimentogenesis in the Tsymlyanskoye reservoir / N. V. Golubova. - Environments during the time of initial human settlement of the Kola Peninsula / I. M. Grekov, E. A. Kosheleva. - Mesostratigraphy of middle- and late valdai loess-like loams as the marker of low-range ecosystematic rearrangements / L. A. Gugalinskaya, V. M. Alifanov. - Relief and quaternary sediments from outer part of East Siberian Sea: new data / E. A. Gusev, A. G. Zinchenko, N. Yu. Anikina, L. G. Derevyanko, V. V. Popov. - The Middle Holocene parastratotype old Kieshki Site and its palaeobotanic characteristic (Southern Foreurals) / G. A. Danukalova, E. G. Lapteva, O. M. Korona. - Results of the Mollusc study of the late Pliocene early Quaternary Novosultanbekovo Site (Southern Foreurals) / G. A. Danukalova, E. M. Osipova. - Natural and anthropogenic factors of formation of chemical composition of sediments of lakes of North Fennoscandia / V. A. Dauvalter, N. A. Kashulin, S. S. Sandimirov. - Difficulties of long-term air temperature time series finding for climatological problems / V. I. Demin. - Diatom complexes changes in academicheskoe lake sediments (Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula) / D. B. Denisov. - Natural features of sedimentogenesis in the lake of the Eastern slope o , In kyrill. Schr. , In engl. und rus. Sprache

Note: Introduction -- What is financialization? -- The social politics of U.S financial deregulation -- The Reagan administration discovers the global economy -- The making of U.S. monetary policy -- Conclusion..

Note: Cover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Dedication; Table of Contents; List of illustrations; Preface and acknowledgements; List of abbreviations; 1 Planet in peril; 2 Environmental sociology: key perspectives and controversies; 3 Social construction of environmental issues and problems; 4 Environmental discourse; 5 Media and environmental communication; 6 Science, knowledge and environmental problems; 7 Risk construction; 8 Biodiversity loss: the successful 'career' of a global environmental problem; 9 Fear of fracking; 10 Conclusion; Bibliography; Name index; Subject index.

Note: Introduction / Mark Haugaard and Kevin Ryan -- Power in social and political theory / Mark Haugaard and Kevin Ryan -- Power in political anthropology / John Gledhill -- Foundations of organizational power / Stewart Clegg -- Gendering power : feminist approaches / Jill Vickers -- The political sociology of power / John A. Hall and Siniša Malešević -- Power and international relations / Phillip G. Cerny -- Concluding reflections / Kevin Ryan and Mark Haugaard..

Note: Aldo Chircop ... [et al.] / Law of the sea and ocean governance : straits used for international navigation : some recent developments -- Tommy Koh / Law, economics, and politics : Trinidad and Tobago/Grenada maritime boundary delimitation -- Carlyle L. Mitchell / Regulation of high seas fisheries in the Northwest Atlantic, 1976-2010 -- A. William Moreira / The reasonable bond and the jurisprudence of the international tribunal for the law of the sea : some brief remarks -- L. Dolliver M. Nelson / Do we need a new convention on piracy and armed robbery against ships? -- Robert C. Beckman / Piracy across maritime law : is there a problem of definition? -- Aref Fakhry / Governance in the Arctic Ocean : a commentary on the Great Arctic melt and its potential impact on global shipping patterns -- Brian Flemming / Russia's northern sea route - much to do -- R. Douglas Brubaker with Claes Lykke Ragner / The polluter pays principle : preventing ship-source pollution in the Arctic -- Kenneth A. MacInnis / Regional cooperation in the South China Sea and the Arctic : lessons to be learned? -- David L. VanderZwaag and Hai Dang Vu / Shipping and international maritime law : the treaty-making work of the legal committee of the international maritime organization -- Alfred Popp / Will insurance cover that? a review of the challenges faced by coastal states seeking to recoup costs for removal of wrecks under the Nairobi wreck removal convention -- Eric Machum and Frank Metcalf / The urgency of reducing air pollution from global shipping -- Sherry P. Broder and Jon M. Van Dyke / Maritime cabotage : international market issues in the liberalization of domestic shipping -- Mary R. Brooks / Safer ships and cleaner seas : the insurer's role -- Kjetil Eivindstad and Christopher Petrie / Economic losses and environmental damage in the law of ship-source pollution -- Proshanto K. Mukherjee / Marine oil and gas pollution spills in Australian waters -- Vincent Cogliati-Bantz ... [et al.] / Forging or foregoing the 'Genuine Link'? a reflection on the maritime labour convention, 2006 and other approaches -- Moira L. McConnell / Seafaring and maritime labour law : perceptions and attitudes of seafarers towards maritime regulations : an historical perspective -- Alastair Couper / The continuing criminalization of seafarers : where to go from here? -- Sarah M. Kirby / Seafarers' welfare development in Southeast Asia : a commentary -- Nien-Tsu Alfred Hu / Reflections on a changing industry and the seafaring profession -- Angus McDonald / Future sea captains : environmentally responsible global citizens -- Arthur J. Hanson / Canadian maritime law : Canada's vessel traffic management regime : an overview in the context of international law -- McDorman / Forum shopping comes to Canada : the recognition of foreign maritime liens -- Norman G. Letalik / The continuing evolution of maritime law : jurisdiction in Canada -- Aldo Chircop / "Change my way of thinking" : Canadian maritime law and the Supreme Court of Canada, The Edgar Gold years -- Wylie Spicer / Selected publications of Edgar Gold..

Note: Machine generated contents note: IntroductionChapter 1. The Generative Network Difference -- Chapter 2. Start Me Up: Designing a Network -- Bonus Track-Advice to Funders and Other Network Engineers -- Chapter 3. Connect the Dots: Weaving a Network's Core -- Chapter 4. Network Evolution -- Chapter 5. Enable and Adapt: Managing a Network's Development -- Chapter 6. Know Your Condition: Taking a Network's Pulse -- Chapter 7. Back to Basics: Resetting a Network's Design -- Chapter 8..

Note: Conceptualizing climate change-related movement -- The relevance of international refugee law -- Climate change-related movement and international human rights law : the role of complementary protection -- State practice on protection from disasters and related harms -- "Disappearing states", statelessness, and relocation -- Moving with dignity : responding to climate change-related mobility in Bangladesh -- "Protection" or "Migration"? The "climate refugee" treaty debate -- Institutional governance -- Overarching normative principles..

Note: Contents: Learning to Work with ØMQ ; Chapter 1 Basics ; Chapter 2 Sockets and Patterns ; Chapter 3 Advanced Request-Reply Patterns ; Chapter 4 Reliable Request-Reply Patterns ; Chapter 5 Advanced Publish-Subscribe Patterns ; Software Engineering Using ØMQ ; Chapter 6 The ØMQ Community ; Chapter 7 Advanced Architecture Using ØMQ ; Chapter 8 A Framework for Distributed Computing ; Chapter 9 Postface

Note: Machines of democracy -- The prize from fairyland -- Consent of the governed -- Mechanisms of goodwill -- Fuel economy -- Sabotage -- The crisis that never happened -- McJihad..

Note: Contents: Part 1: Introduction ; Building the Global Adaptation Community ; Part 2: Describing Impacts at the Local Level ; Introduction: Describing Impacts at the Local Level ; Understanding Potential Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Options in Indian Megacities ; Assessment of Climate Change-Induced Vulnerability to Floods in Hyderabad, India, Using Remote Sensing Data ; The Role of Community Resilience in Adaptation to Climate Change: The Urban Poor in Jakarta, Indonesia ; Ecohealth and Climate Change: Adaptation to Flooding Events in Riverside Secondary Cities, West Africa ; Climate Change and Adaptive Capacity of Women to Water Stress in Urban Centers of Nigeria: Emerging Concerns and Reactions ; Urban Climate Strategies Against Future Heat Stress Conditions ; Climate-Proof Urban Transport Planning: Opportunities and Challenges in Developing Cities ; Part 3: Frameworks for Local Action – Challenges and Proactive Recommendations ; Introduction: Frameworks for Local Action – Challenges and Proactive Recommendations ; Inclusive Adaptation: Linking Participatory Learning and Knowledge Management to Urban Resilience ; Urban Adaptation Planning and Governance: Challenges to Emerging Wisdom ; Urban Climate Change Adaptation in the Context of Transformation: Lessons from Vietnam ; Getting Ready for a Changing Climate: Supporting Councillor’s Leadership Role in Adaptation ; Environmental Learning from the Ivory Tower to the Town Square: The Case of Trondheim, Norway ; Plan B:altic: A Social–Ecological Approach to Climate Change Adaptation ; Governance Recommendations for Adaptation in European Urban Regions: Results from Five Case Studies and a European Expert Survey ; Creating Resilient Cities Through Empowered, Deliberative Participation ; Part 4: Local Strategies and Actions in Response to Climate Change ; Introduction: Local Strategies and Actions in Response to Climate Change ; Comparative Research on the Adaptation Strategies of Ten Urban Climate Plans ; Managing Regional Climate Mitigation and Adaptation Co-benefits and Co-costs ; Interdisciplinary and Multi-institutional Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate Adaptation Strategies: Evidence from Latin American City-Regions ; Adaptation in UK Cities: Heading in the Right Direction? ; Finding the Balance: Challenges and Opportunities for Climate Change Adaptation at Different Levels of English Local Government ; Local Strategies for Climate Change Adaptation: Urban Planning Criteria for Municipalities of the Basque Country, Spain ; Climate Change Adaptation in Dutch Municipalities: Risk Perception and Institutional Capacity ; Toward a More Flood Resilient Urban Environment: The Dutch Multi-level Safety Approach to Flood Risk Management ; Climate Change and City Development: Resilience Strategies in Bonn ; Integrated Climate Adaptation in Dresden: Insights from Flood Prevention ; Integrated Climate Protection Program for the City of Chemnitz: Climate Diagnosis, Climate Change Prognosis, and Adaptation Measures in the Urban Area ; Adaptation Strategies for the City of Cape Town: Finding the Balance Within Social-Ecological Complexity ; Sharing the Lagos Megacity Experience in the Integrated Management of Sea Level Rise and Flooding ; Community-Based Vulnerability Assessment: Semarang, Indonesia ; Research News for Climate Compliant Cities: The Case of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam ; Building Resilience to Climate Change Through Adaptive Land Use Planning in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam ; Climate Change Risk Management for a Suburban Local Government: The Case of Kogarah, Australia ; Climate Change as a Survival Strategy: Soft Infrastructure for Urban Resilience and Adaptive Capacity in Australia’s Coastal Zones ; Curitiba, Brazil: A Model for Resilience in Latin America? ; Part 5: Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation in Cities ; Introduction: Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation in Cities ; Building Resilience to Climate Change in Asian Cities ; Local Vulnerability Assessment of Climate Change and Its Implications: The Case of Gyeonggi-Do, Korea ; Ecosystem-Based Adaptation in the Urban Environment ; Urban Agriculture and Climate Change Adaptation: Ensuring Food Security Through Adaptation ; Cooling the Public Realm: Climate-Resilient Urban Design ; The Role of Transport in Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change Impacts in Urban Areas ; Urban Green Spaces: Potentials and Constraints for Urban Adaptation to Climate Change ; Urban Climate Framework: A System Approach Towards Climate Proof Cities ; Part 6: Reality Check – Adaptation on the Ground ; Introduction: Reality Check – Adaptation on the Ground ; Preparing for Climate Change While Advancing Local ; Quito’s Climate Change Strategy: A Response to Climate Change in the Metropolitan District of Quito, Ecuador ; Climate Change Implications for Dhaka City: A Need for Immediate Measures to Reduce Vulnerability ; Adaptation in Practise: Durban, South Africa

Note: Contents: 1 Introduction ; 2 Theories of Migration ; 3 How Migration Transforms Societies ; 4 International Migration before 1945 ; 5 Migration in Europe since 1945 ; 6 Migration in the Americas ; 7 Migration in the Asia-Pacific Region ; 8 Migration in Africa and the Middle East ;9 Migration, Security and the Debate on Climate Change ; 10 The State and International Migration: The Quest for Control ; 11 Migrants and Minorities in the Labour Force ; 12 New Ethnic Minorities and Society ; 13 Immigrants and Politics ; 14 Conclusion: Migration in the Twenty-First Century

Note: Preface 1. Fire and brimstone: how volcanoes work 2. Eruption styles, hazards and ecosystem impacts 3. Volcanoes and global climate change 4. Forensic volcanology 5. Relics, myths and chronicles 6. Killer plumes 7. Human origins 8. The ash-giant/sulphur-dwarf 9. European volcanism in prehistory 10. The rise of Teotihuacan 11. Dark Ages: dark nature? 12. The Haze famine 13. The last great subsistence crisis in the western world 14. Volcanic catastrophe risk Appendix A. Volcano trumps: notable eruptions of the past 10,000 years Appendix B. Further reading Index.

Note: Contents: 1. Agents, institutions, and the political economy of performance ; 2. Career theories of monetary policy ; 3. Careers and inflation in industrial democracies ; 4. Careers and the monetary policy process ; 5. Careers and inflation in developing countries ; 6. The uses of autonomy: what independence really means ; 7. Partisan governments, labor unions, and monetary policy ; 8. The politics of central banker appointment ; 9. The politics of central banker tenure ; 10. Conclusion: the dilemma of discretion.

Note: Contents Preface Preface to the First Edition List of figures Abbreviations 1 Historical perspective (Roland A. Madden and Paul R. Julian) 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The intraseasonal, tropospheric oscillation 1.3 The elementary 4-D structure 1.4 Other early studies of the oscillation 1.5 The oscillation in 1979 1.6 Complexity of cloud movement and structure 1.7 Seasonal variations in the oscillation 1.8 The oscillation in the zonal average 1.9 Other effects of the oscillation 1.10 Summary 1.11 References 2 South Asian monsoon (B. N. Goswami) 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 South Asian summer monsoon and active/break cycles 2.1.2 Amplitude and temporal and spatial scales 2.1.3 Regional propagation characteristics 2.1.4 Relationship between poleward-propagating ISOs and monsoon onset 2.1.5 Relationship with the MJO 2.2 Mechanism for temporal-scale selection and propagation 2.2.1 30 to 60-day mode 2.2.2 10 to 20-day mode 2.3 Air-sea interactions 2.4 Clustering of synoptic events by ISOs 2.5 Monsoon ISOs and predictability of the seasonal mean 2.6 Aerosols and monsoon ISOs 2.7 Predictability and prediction of monsoon ISOs 2.8 Summary and discussion 2.9 Acknowledgments 2.10 Appendix 2.11 References 3 Intraseasonal variability of the atmosphere-ocean-climate system: East Asian monsoon (Huang-Hsiung Hsu) 3.1 Introduction 3.2 General characteristics of EA/WNP monsoon flow 3.3 Periodicity, seasonality, and regionality 3.4 Intraseasonal oscillation propagation tendency 3.5 Relationship with monsoon onsets and breaks 3.6 The 10 to 30-day and 30 to 60-day boreal summer ISO 3.6.1 The 30 to 60-day northward/northwestward-propagating pattern 3.6.2 The 10 to 30-day westward-propagating pattern 3.7 Relationship with tropical cyclone activity 3.8 Upscale effect of TC and synoptic systems 3.9 Final remarks 3.9.1 Close association with the EA/WNP monsoon 3.9.2 The CISO vs. interannual variability 3.9.3 Multiperiodicities and multiscale interaction 3.9.4 Others 3.10 References 4 Pan America (Kingtse C. Mo, Charles Jones, and Julia Nogues Paegle) 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Variations in the IS band 4.3 IS variability in December-March 4.3.1 EOF modes 4.3.2 The Madden Julian Oscillation 4.3.3 The submonthly oscillation 4.4 IS variability in June-September 4.4.1 EOF modes 4.4.2 Madden-Julian Oscillation 4.4.3 Submonthly oscillation 4.5 Intraseasonal modulation of hurricanes 4.6 Summary 4.7 References 5 Australasian monsoon (M. C. Wheeler and J. L. McBride) 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Seasonal cycle of background flow 5.3 Broadband intraseasonal behavior: Bursts and breaks 5.4 Broadband intraseasonal behavior: Spectral analysis 5.5 Meteorology of the bursts and breaks 5.6 Characteristics and influence of the MJO 5.7 1983/1984 and 1987/1988 case studies 5.8 MJO influence on monsoon onset 5.9 Other modes and sources of ISV 5.10 Modulation of tropical cyclones 5.11 Extratropical-tropical interaction 5.12 Prediction 5.13 Conclusions 5.14 References 6 The oceans (William S. Kessler) 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Heat fluxes 6.2.1 Salinity and the barrier layer 6.2.2 A 1-D heat balance? 6.2.3 The role of advection 6.3 Vertical structure under westerly winds 6.4 Remote signatures of wind-forced Kelvin waves 6.5 El Nino and rectification of ISV 6.6 ISV in the Indian Ocean 6.6.1 Differences between the Indian and Pacific Ocean warm pools and their consequences 6.6.2 Oscillations lasting about 60 days in the western equatorial Indian Ocean 6.6.3 Recent models of wind-forced ISV in the Indian Ocean 6.7 Other intrinsic oceanic ISV 6.7.1 Global ISV 6.7.2 Non-TISO-forced ISV in the tropical Indo-Pacific 6.7.3 ISV outside the equatorial Indo-Pacific 6.8 Conclusion 6.9 References 7 Air-sea interaction (Harry Hendori) 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Air-sea fluxes for the eastward MJO 7.3 Air-sea fluxes associated with northward propagation in the Indian summer monsoon 7.4 SST variability 7.5 Mechanisms of SST variability 7.6 SST-atmosphere feedback 7.7 Impact of slow SST variations on MJO activity 7.8 Concluding remarks 7.9 Acknowledgments 7.10 References 8 Mass, momentum, and geodynamics (Benjamin F. Chao and David A. Salstein) 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Angular momentum variations and Earth rotation 8.2.1 Length-of-day variation and axial angular momentum 8.2.2 Polar motion excitation and equatorial angular momentum 8.2.3 Angular momentum and torques 8.3 Time-variable gravity 8.4 Geocenter motion 8.5 Conclusions 8.6 Acknowledgments 8.7 References 9 El Nino Southern Oscillation connection (William K. M. Lau) 9.1 Introduction 9.2 A historical perspective 9.3 Phase 1: The embryonic stage 9.3.1 OLR time-longitude sections 9.3.2 Seasonality 9.3.3 Supercloud clusters 9.3.4 Early modeling framework 9.4 Phase 2: The exploratory stage 9.4.1 MJO and ENSO interactions 9.4.2 WWEs 9.5 Phase 3: ENSO case studies 9.5.1 El Nino of 1997/1998 9.5.2 Stochastic forcings 9.6 Phase-4: Recent development 9.6.1 A new ISO index 9.6.2 Composite events 9.6.3 The ISV-ENSO biennial rhythm 9.7 TISV and predictability 9.8 Acknowledgments 9.9 References 10 Theories (Bin Wang) 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Review of ISO theories 10.2.1 Wave CISK 10.2.2 Wind-evaporation feedback or WISHE 10.2.3 Frictional convergence instability (FCI) 10.2.4 Cloud-radiation feedback 10.2.5 Convection-water vapor feedback and the moisture mode 10.2.6 Multiscale interaction theory 10.2.7 Mechanisms of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation 10.2.8 Atmosphere-ocean interaction 10.3 A general theoretical framework 10.3.1 Fundamental physical processes 10.3.2 Governing equations 10.3.3 Boundary layer dynamics near the equator 10.3.4 The 1.5-layer model for the MJO 10.3.5 The 2.5-layer model including the effects of basic flows 10.4 Dynamics of the MJO 10.4.1 Low-frequency equatorial waves and the associated Ekman pumping 10.4.2 Frictional convergence instability (FCI) 10.4.3 FCI mode under nonlinear heating 10.4.4 The role of multiscale interaction (MSI) in MJO dynamics 10.5 Dynamics of boreal summer ISO 10.5.1 Effects of mean flows on the ISO 10.5.2 Mechanism of northward propagation 10.6 Role played by atmospheric-ocean interaction 10.7 Summary and discussion 10.7.1 Understanding gained from the FCI theory 10.7.2 Model limitations 10.7.3 Outstanding issues 10.8 Acknowledgments 10.9 References 11 Modeling intraseasonal variability (K. R. Sperber, J. M. Slingo, and P. M. Inness) 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Modeling the MJO in boreal winter 11.2.1 Interannual and decadal variability of the MJO 11.2.2 Sensitivity to formulation of the atmospheric model 11.2.3 Modeling the MJO as a coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon 11.3 Boreal summer intraseasonal variability 11.3.1 GCM simulations 11.3.2 Air-sea interaction and boreal summer intraseasonal variability 11.3.3 Modeling studies of the links between boreal summer intraseasonal and interannual variability 11.4 The impact of vertical resolution in the upper ocean 11.5 Concluding remarks 11.6 Acknowledgments 11.7 References 12 Predictability and forecasting (Duane Waliser) 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Empirical models 12.3 Dynamical forecast models 12.4 Predictability 12.5 Real time forecasts 12.6 Discussion 12.7 Appendix 12.8 Acknowledgments 12.9 References 13 Africa and West Asia (Mathew Barlow) 13.1 Overview 13.2 Summary of Africa research 13.2.1 West Africa 13.2.2 Eastern Africa 13.2.3 Southern Africa 13.3 Summary of West Asia research 13.4 Station data analysis 13.4.1 Methodology and data 13.4.2 Nairobi 13.4.3 Riyadh 13.5 Relevance of Gill-Matsuno dynamics and the role of mean wind 13.6 Summary and discussion 13.7 References 14 Tropical-extratropical interactions (Paul E. Roundy) 14.1 Introduction 14.2 A boreal winter composite of the global flow associated with the MJO 14.3 Response of the global atmosphere to heating in tropical convection 14.4 Influence of extratropical waves on tropical convection 14.5 Two-way interactions between the tropics and extratropics 14.6 MJO inf

Note: Table of Contents Introduction: Thermokarst Lakes of Western Siberia as Dominant Forms of Landscape and Regulators of Greenhouse Gas Exchange with the Atmosphere Chapter 1. Thermokarst Lakes: Distribution, Cycle of Development, Surface Coverage and Evolution Chapter 2. Sources of Dissolved Components in Thermokarst Lakes Chapter 3. Temperature and Gas Regime Chapter 4. Dissolved Organic Carbon Chapter 5. Microbiology of Thermokarst Lake Systems Chapter 6. Trace Elements in Thermokarst Lakes Chapter 7. Colloids in Thermokarst Lakes Chapter 8. Latitude Profile Gradients of Lakes: Substituting Space for Time Chapter 9. Possible Impact of Climate Warming on Stocks and Fluxes of Carbon and Related Elements in Western Siberian Lakes Conclusions: Thaw Lakes as Indicators of Climate Change References Index

Note: Zugl.: Berlin, TU, Fakultät VII - Wirtschaft und Management, Diss., 2009

Note: Contents List of contributors Preface I Introductory Chapters 1 The Ecological Value of Biyophytes as Indicators of Climate Change / NANCY G. SLACK 2 Bryophyte Physiological Processes in a Changing Climate: an Overview / ZOLTÁN TUBA II Ecophysiology 3 Climatic Responses and Limits of Biyophytes: Comparisons and Contrasts with Vascular Plants / MICHAEL C. F. PROCTOR 4 Effects of Elevated Air C02 Concentration on Bryophytes: a Review / ZOLTÁN TUBA, EDIT ÖTVÖS, AND ILDIKÓ JÓCSÁK 5 Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Light and UV Acclimation in Mosses / NIINA M. LAPPALAINEN, ANNA HYYRYLÄINEN, AND SATU HUTTUNEN III Aquatic Bryophytes 6 Ecological and Physiological Effects of Changing Climate on Aquatic Bryophytes / JANICE M. GLIME 7 Aquatic Bryophytes under Ultraviolet Radiation / JAVIER MARTÍNEZ-ABAIGAR AND ENCARNACIÓN NÚÑEZ-OLIVERA IV Desert and Tropical Ecosystems 8 Responses of a Biological Crust Moss to Increased Monsoon Precipitation and Nitrogen Deposition in the Mojave Desert / LLOYD R. STARK, D. NICHOLAS MCLETCHIE, STANLEY D. SMITH, AND MELVIN J. OLIVER 9 Ecology of Bryophytes in Mojave Desert Biological Soil Crusts: Effects of Elevated CO2 on Sex Expression, Stress Tolerance, and Productivity in the Moss Syntrichia caninervis Mitt. / JOHN C. BRINDA, CATHERINE FERNANDO, AND LLOYD R. STARK 10 Responses of Epiphytic Bryophyte Communities to Simulated Climate Change in the Tropics / JORGE JÁCOME, S. ROBBERT GRADSTEIN, AND MICHAEL KESSLER V Alpine, Arctic, and Antarctic Ecosystems 11 Effects of Climate Change on Tundra Bryophytes / ANNIKA K. JÄGERBRAND, ROBERT G. BJÖRK, TERRY CALLAGHAN, AND RODNEY D. SEPPELT 12 Alpine Bryophytes as Indicators for Climate Change: a Case Study from the Austrian Alps / DANIELA HOHENWALLNER, HAROLD GUSTAV ZECHMEISTER, DIETMAR MOSER, HARALD PAULI, MICHAEL GOTTFRIED, KARL REITER, AND GEORG GRABHERR 13 Bryophytes and Lichens in a Changing Climate: An Antarctic Perspective / RODNEY D. SEPPELT VI Sphagnum and Peatlands 14 Living on the Edge: The Effects of Drought on Canada's Western Boreal Peatlands / MELANIE A. VILE, KIMBERLI D. SCOTT, ERIN BRAULT, R. KELMAN WlEDER, AND DALE H . VlTT 15 The Structure and Functional Features of Sphagnum Cover of the Northern West Siberian Mires in Connection with Forecasting Global Environmental and Climatic Changes / ALEKSEI V. NAUMOV AND NATALIA P. KOSYKH 16 The Southernmost Sphagnum-dominated Mires on the Plains of Europe: Formation, Secondary Succession, Degradation, and Protection / JÁNOS NAGY VII Changes in Bryophyte Distribution with Climate Change: Data and Models 17 The Role of Bryophyte Paleoecology in Quaternary Climate Reconstructions / GUSZTÁV JAKAB AND PÁL SÜMEGI 18 Signs of Climate Change in the Bryoflora of Hungary / TAMÁS PÓCS 19 Can the Effects of Climate Change on British Bryophytes be Distinguished from those Resulting from Other Environmental Changes? / JEFFREY W. BATES AND CHRISTOPHER D. PRESTON 20 Climate Change and Protected Areas: How well do British Rare Bryophytes Fare? / BARBARA J. ANDERSON AND RALF OHLEMÜLLER 21 Modeling the Distribution of Sematophyllum substrumulosum (Hampe) E. Britton as a Signal of Climatic Changes in Europe / CECÍLIA SÉRGIO, RUI FIGUEIRA, AND RUI MENEZES 22 Modeling Bryophyte Productivity Across Gradients of Water Availability Using Canopy Form-Function Relationships / STEVEN K. RICE, NATHALI NEAL, JESSE MANGO, AND KELLY BLACK VIII Conclusions 23 Bryophytes as Predictors of Climate Change / L. DENNIS GIGNAC 24 Conclusions and Future Research / NANCY G. SLACK AND LLOYD R. STARK Index

Note: Contents Foreword Preface Contributors Chapter 1 Issues of Sampling Design in Wetlands / Monica Rivas Casado, Ron Corstanje, Pat Bellamy, and Ben Marchant DESIGN-BASED SAMPLING APPROACHES MODEL-BASED SAMPLING APPROACHES Chapter 2 Soil and Sediment Sampling of Inundated Environments / Todd Z. Osborne and R.D. DeLaune SAMPLING IN INUNDATED ENVIRONMENTS: SAMPLING PLAN AND GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS SAMPLING METHODS FOR INUNDATION DEPTHS LESS THAN 1.5 METERS SAMPLING METHODS FOR INUNDATION DEPTHS GREATER THAN 1.5 METERS SPECIAL CONDITIONS OR CONSIDERATIONS Chapter 3 Physicochemical Characterization of Wetland Soils / K.R. Reddy, M.W. Clark, R.D. DeLaune, and M. Kongchum SOIL SAMPLING PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES CONCLUSIONS Chapter 4 Soil Pore Water Sampling Methods / M.M. Fisher and K.R. Reddy TECHNIQUES FOR SAMPLING SOIL PORE WATER SAMPLE HANDLING CONSIDERATIONS SAMPLING PORE WATER GASES SUMMARY Chapter 5 Reduction–Oxidation Potential and Oxygen / J. Patrick Megonigal and Martin Rabenhorst REDOX POTENTIAL THEORY OXYGEN MEASUREMENT WITH DIFFUSION CHAMBERS REDOX MEASUREMENT Chapter 6 Determination of Dissolved Oxygen, Hydrogen Sulfide, Iron(II), and Manganese(II) in Wetland Pore Waters / George W. Luther III and Andrew S. Madison EXPERIMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRODE FABRICATION EXPERIMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF WORKING ELECTRODE CALIBRATIONS PROCEDURES FOR MICROPROFILING SUMMARY Chapter 7 Soil Redox Potential and pH Controllers / Kewei Yu and Jörg Rinklebe REDOX POTENTIAL AND pH CONTROL MODIFICATIONS AN AUTOMATED BIOGEOCHEMICAL MICROCOSM SYSTEM APPLICATIONS Chapter 8 Morphological Methods to Characterize Hydric Soils / M.J. Vepraskas EQUIPMENT METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR DESCRIBING HYDRIC SOILS FIELD TEST TO ASSESS SOIL MATERIAL TYPE IDENTIFYING HYDRIC SOIL FIELD INDICATORS Chapter 9 Emergent Macrophyte Biomass Production / Christopher Craft SAMPLING CONSIDERATIONS INDIRECT METHODS DIRECT METHODS EMERGING METHODS Chapter 10 Photosynthetic Measurements in Wetlands / S.R. Pezeshki OXYGEN EXCHANGE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE CARBON ISOTOPE TECHNIQUE MICROMETEOROLOGICAL TECHNIQUE CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE METHOD PHOTOSYNTHETIC MEASUREMENTS USING CHAMBERS SUMMARY Chapter 11 Gas Transport and Exchange through Wetland Plant Aerenchyma / Brian K. Sorrell and Hans Brix GENERAL PRINCIPLES EXPERIMENTAL PRINCIPLES LABORATORY AND GLASSHOUSE CHAMBERS MODELING APPROACHES Chapter 12 A Primer on Sampling Plant Communities in Wetlands / Curtis J. Richardson and Ryan S. King OVERVIEW OF SAMPLING PLANT POPULATIONS AND COMMUNITIES SAMPLE SIZE PLANT SAMPLING APPROACHES RAPID ASSESSMENT APPROACHES TO ESTIMATE PLANT ABUNDANCE AND COVER PERCENTAGE PLANT SAMPLING METHODS AND CALCULATION PROCEDURES ANALYSIS OF DATA COMPARISON OF PLANT COMMUNITIES SUGGESTIONS FOR DEVELOPING A PLANT SAMPLING PROGRAM APPENDIX Chapter 13 Plant Productivity—Bottomland Hardwood Forests / William H. Conner and Julia A. Cherry ABOVEGROUND PRODUCTIVITY BELOWGROUND PRODUCTIVITY Chapter 14 Current Methods to Evaluate Net Primary Production and Carbon Budgets in Mangrove Forests / Victor H. Rivera-Monroy, Edward Castañeda-Moya, Jordan G. Barr, Vic Engel, Jose D. Fuentes, Tiffany G. Troxler, Robert R. Twilley, Steven Bouillon, Thomas J. Smith III, and Thomas L. O’Halloran CURRENT METHODS TO ESTIMATE NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY COMPARING MANGROVE NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION ESTIMATES TO WHOLE-FOREST CARBON FLUX MEASUREMENTS SUMMARY AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS APPENDIX Chapter 15 Characterization of Wetland Soil Organic Matter / Robert L. Cook and Thomas S. Bianchi SAMPLE TREATMENT AND PROCESSING SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION BULK ELEMENTAL AND CHEMICAL BIOMARKER ANALYSES SUMMARY Chapter 16 Dissolved Organic Matter / Robert G. Qualls EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION MATERIALS AND REAGENTS SAMPLE PREPARATION PROCEDURES CONCLUSIONS Chapter 17 Soil Microbial Biomass and Phospholipid Fatty Acids / Jörg Rinklebe and Uwe Langer THE SUBSTRATE-INDUCED RESPIRATION METHOD PHOSPHOLIPID FATTY ACIDS ESTIMATES OF MICROBIAL BIOMASS SUMMARY Chapter 18 Molecular Genetic Analysis of Wetland Soils / Hee-Sung Bae and Andrew V. Ogram DNA EXTRACTION QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION BASED MOLECULAR CLONING Chapter 19 Enzyme Activities / Hojeong Kang, Seon-Young Kim, and Chris Freeman EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION MATERIALS AND REAGENTS SAMPLE PREPARATION PROCEDURE CALCULATION SUMMARY Chapter 20 Organic Matter Mineralization and Decomposition / Scott D. Bridgham and Rongzhong Ye LITTER DECOMPOSITION DECOMPOSITION OF STANDARD SUBSTRATES SOIL HETEROTROPHIC RESPIRATION PHOTODEGRADATION Chapter 21 Methanogenesis and Methane Oxidation in Wetland Soils / Kanika S. Inglett, Jeffery P. Chanton, and Patrick W. Inglett EXPERIMENTAL METHANE MEASUREMENTS ISOTOPIC MEASUREMENTS OF METHANE Chapter 22 Greenhouse Gas Emission by Static Chamber and Eddy Flux Methods / Kewei Yu, April Hiscox, and R.D. DeLaune STATIC CHAMBER MEASUREMENT EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENT SUMMARY Chapter 23 Characterization of Organic Nitrogen in Wetlands / C.M. VanZomeren, H. Knicker, W.T. Cooper, and K.R. Reddy CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION OF SOIL ORGANIC NITROGEN CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION METHOD NUCLEAR RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY MASS SPECTROMETRY OF ORGANIC NITROGEN CONCLUSIONS Chapter 24 Measurements of Nitrogen Mineralization Potential in Wetland Soils / Eric D. Roy and John R. White POTENTIALLY MINERALIZABLE NITROGEN SUBSTRATE-INDUCED NITROGEN MINERALIZATION LIMITATIONS SUMMARY Chapter 25 Wind Tunnel Method for Measurement of Ammonia Volatilization / M.E. Poach, K.S. Ro, and P.G. Hunt EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION MATERIALS AND REAGENTS SAMPLE PREPARATION PROCEDURE SAMPLE ANALYSIS CALCULATION STATISTICAL ANALYSIS QUALITY ASSURANCE SUMMARY Chapter 26 Ammonium Oxidation in Wetland Soils / K.S. Inglett, A.V. Ogram, and K.R. Reddy AEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION (NITRIFICATION) ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION (ANAMMOX) METHODS FOR ASSESSING AEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION (NITRIFICATION) METHODS FOR ASSESSING ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION (ANAMMOX) POTENTIAL MOLECULAR METHODS FOR ASSESSING AMMONIUM OXDIATION IN WETLAND SOILS SUMMARY Chapter 27 Denitrification Measurement Using Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry / Patrick W. Inglett, Todd M. Kana, and Soonmo An GENERAL PRINCIPLES EXPERIMENTAL PRINCIPLES ISOTOPE PAIRING BY THE MIMS METHOD SUMMARY Chapter 28 Nitrate Reduction, Denitrification, and Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium in Wetland Sediments / Amy J. Burgin, Stephen K. Hamilton, Wayne S. Gardner, and Mark J. McCarthy EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION MATERIALS AND REAGENTS PROCEDURES SAMPLE PREPARATION CALCULATIONS Chapter 29 System-Level Denitrification Measurement Based on Dissolved Gas Equilibration Theory and Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry / Andrew Laursen and Patrick W. Inglett GENERAL THEORY EXPERIMENTAL PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS DISCUSSION AND LIMITATIONS SUMMARY Chapter 30 Biogeochemical Nitrogen Cycling in Wetland Ecosystems: Nitrogen-15 Isotope Techniques / Dries Huygens, Mark Trimmer, Tobias Rütting, Christoph Müller, Catherine M. Heppell, Katrina Lansdown, and Pascal Boeckx EXPERIMENTAL STUDY SETUPS ISOTOPE PAIRING AND REVISED ISOTOPE PAIRING TECHNIQUES ISOTOPE DILUTION AND TRACING TECHNIQUES Chapter 31 Biological Dinitrogen Fixation / Patrick W. Inglett ACETYLENE REDUCTION DINITROGEN-15 INCORPORATION SUMMARY Chapter 32 Methods for Soil Phosphorus Characterization and Analysis of Wetland Soils / Curtis J. Richardson and K.R. Reddy TERMINOLOGY, OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS, AND COMPARISON OF PHOSPHORUS FORMS SAMPLE PREPARATION AND STORAGE SOIL PHOSPHORUS ANALYSIS PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY INDICES ANION EXCHANGE RESIN AND IRON OXIDE PAPER SOIL INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS FORMS GENERAL COMMENTS Chapter 33 Phosphorus Characterization in Wetland Soils by Solution Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Alexander W. Cheesman, James Rocca, and Benjamin L. Turner BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE PRINCIPLES APPLICATION TO WETLAND SOILS Chapter 34 Phosphorus Sorption and Desorption

Note: Machine generated contents note:1. Introduction2. The Investible Agricultural Space3. Climate Change and Agriculture4. Agricultural Risk Management & Insurance5. Biofuels and Agriculture5b. Biofuels and the Sustainability Conundrum6. Financing the Agricultural Firm7. Farmland as an Investible Asset Class7b. Farmland7c. Land Expectation Value and Timberland Valuation8. Advanced Technologies and Agriculture9. Challenges in Agricultural Production and Natural Resources Management10. Sustainability of Agricultural Productivity Growth11. Commodity Derivative Markets11b. Trading Agricultural Commodities11c. Speculation on (Agricultural) Commodity Markets & Financialization of Commodity Price Formation12. The Global Water Challenge13. Future Agricultural Dynamics..

Note: Introduction -- Sanctioning models : theories and their scope -- Methodology for a virtual world -- A tale of two methods -- When theories shake hands -- Models of climate : values and uncertainties -- Reliability without truth -- Conclusion..

Note: The future of China -- The future of the United States -- The future of U.S.-China relations -- The future of India -- The future of Islamic extremism -- The future of national economic growth -- The future of geopolitics and globalization -- The future of democracy -- How Lee Kuan Yew thinks -- Conclusion..

Note: Contents: 1. Introduction: The Climate Change Problem and Solutions Part 1: Theory 2. The Basis of an Obligation Towards Future Generations in Justice and Ethics in the Context of Climate Change 3. Content of Justice-based Obligations Towards Future Generations in the Context of Climate Change Part II: International Law and Politics 4. Current International Law, Intergenerational Justice and Climate Change 5. International Human Rights Law, Intergenerational Justice and Climate Change 6. Climate Change Discources and Intergenerational Justice Part III: The Way Forward and Conclusion 7. The Way Forward – Incorporating Intergenerational Justice Principles into International Climate Law 8. Conclusion Bibliography Index

Note: Ecotones Between Forest and Grassland; Preface; Contents; Contributors; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Rationale; 1.2 Case Study: The Cross Timbers; 1.3 About This Book; References; Part I: Temperate Forest-Grassland Ecotones: Prairies, Steppes, and Pampas; Chapter 2: Woodland-Grassland Ecotonal Shifts in Environmental Mosaics: Lessons Learnt from the Environmental History of the Carpathian Basin (Central Europe) During the Holocene and the Last Ice Age Based on Investigation of Paleobotanical and Mollusk Remains; 2.1 Introduction. , 2.2 Modern Woodland-Grassland Ecotone in the Carpathian Basin and Controversies Around Definitions2.3 Profiles Selected and Methods Applied in Modeling Woodland-Grassland Ecotone Shifts in the Carpathian Basin; 2.3.1 The Climate-Zonal Hypothesis Put to the Test; 2.3.2 Testing the Model of Edaphic Ecological Factors; 2.3.3 Testing the Idea of Human-Induced Ecotone Development; 2.4 The Vegetation History of the Great Hungarian Plains as Inferred from the Evaluation of Quaternary Paleoecological and Environmental Historical Data; 2.4.1 Vegetation Development During Last Ice Age. , 2.4.2 Vegetation Development During the Terminal Part of the Last Ice Age2.4.3 Vegetation Development During the Pleistocene/Holocene Transition; 2.4.4 Vegetation History of the Carpathian Basin from the Settlement of the First Farmers; 2.5 Summary; References; Chapter 3: Ecotones as Complex Arenas of Disturbance, Climate, and Human Impacts: The Trans-Andean Forest-Steppe Ecotone of Northern Patagonia; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Physical and Biological Setting of Forest-Steppe Ecotone of Northern Patagonia; 3.2.1 Abiotic Transition; 3.2.2 Ecosystem Properties Across the Transition. , 3.2.3 Plant Communities and Plant Diversity Across the Transition3.3 Disturbance Variation and Forest Dynamics Across the Transition; 3.3.1 Fine-Scale Disturbances; 3.3.2 Coarse-Scale Disturbances; 3.4 Direct and Disturbances-Mediated In fl uences of Climate Variability Across the Transition; 3.5 Climate, Fire, Land Use, and Long-Term Vegetation Changes Across the Transition; 3.5.1 Xeric Steppe-Woodland Belt; 3.5.2 The Nothofagus Forest-Shrubland Belt; 3.5.3 The Wet Rainforest Belt; 3.6 Conclusions; References; Chapter 4: Woody-Herbaceous-Livestock Species Interaction; 4.1 Introduction. , 4.2 Woody-Herbaceous Species Interactions and Associated Models4.3 Woodland and Grassland Stable States and Conceptual Models; 4.4 Woody-Herbaceous Ecotones; 4.5 Rates and Patterns of Woody-Herbaceous Ecotone Shift; 4.6 Woody-Herbaceous-Livestock Species Dynamics; 4.7 Other Potential Factors In fl uencing Woody-Herbaceous Species Dynamics; 4.8 Current and Future Research on Woody-Herbaceous-Livestock Species Interaction; References; Chapter 5: Woody Plant Invasions in Pampa Grasslands: A Biogeographical and Community Assembly Perspective; 5.1 Introduction. , 5.2 Woody Invasions as Hierarchical Assembly Processes.

Note: Social perspectives on risk and uncertainty : reconciling the spectacular and the mundane / Stewart Lockie and Tom MeashamManaging risk under uncertainty / Raymond Murphy -- Risk and environmental victimisation / Rob White -- The lure of the market in tackling global warming / Fiona Haines -- Complexity, uncertainty and ambiguity in inclusive risk governance / Ortwin Renn and Andreas Klinke -- Market-based resource management policy and environmental uncertainty : outsourcing risk calculation / Stewart Lockie -- Women and risk : commercial wastewater injection wells and gendered perceptions of risk / Lee M. Miller -- Development of environmental risk management plans in Great Barrier Reef catchments / Steve Purbrick and Nick Schofield -- Shifting sands : uncertainty and a local community response to sea level rise policy in Australia / Anne Leitch and Cathy Robinson -- Risk and climate change in Brazilian coastal cities / Leila da Costa Ferreira, Rafael D'Almeida Martins, Fabiana Barbi, Alberto Matenhauer Urbinatti, Fernanda Oliveira de Souza, Thales Haddad Novaes de Andrade and Leonardo Freire de Mello -- Vulnerability analysis, risk and deliberation : the Sydney climate change adaptation initiative / Tom Measham and Benjamin L. Preston -- Uncertainty and ambiguity in environmental governance : water quality in Great Barrier Reef catchments / Bruce Taylor, Tabatha Wallington and Cathy Robinson -- Choice editing for the environment : managing corporate risks / Jane Dixon and Cathy Banwell -- Crisis, change and water institutions in south-east Queensland : strategies for an integrated approach / Tabatha Wallington, Cathy Robinson and Brian Head -- Using holistic scenarios to rewrite rural futures / Tira Foran and Louis Lebel..

Note: CONTENTS; List of Figures; List of Tables; List of Contributors; Introduction; PART I: ECONOMISTS ON TRIAL; 1. Who predicted the crisis and what can we learn from them? ; 2 A brief note on economic recessions, banking reform and the future of capitalism; 3 Understanding crisis: on the meaning of uncertainty and probability; 4 Financial crisis and risk measurement: the historical perspective and a new methodology; 5 Did economic analysis fail in the current financial crisis?; PART II: WHAT DOES HISTORY TELL US? ; 6 Does the current global crisis remind us of the Great Depression?. , 7 Innovation, growth, cycles and finance: three (or four or more) stories from the 1930s and their lessons8 Epic Recession and economic theory; 9 Did asset prices cause the current crisis?; 10 The role of the history of economic thought in the development of economic theory and policy; PART III: COUNTRY CASES IN A GLOBAL CRISIS; 11. Testimony to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission by Alan Greenspan; 12 Long-term depression and new markets: economists and the 2008 recession; 13 Manifestations of the global crisis in a small open economy. , 14 The aftermath of a long decade of real nil interest rates (Spain 1996-2008)Index.

Note: The regional implementation of the law of the sea and the polar regions / Alex G. Oude Elferink, Erik J. Molenaar and Donald R. RothwellThe evolving Antarctic treaty system : implications of accommodating developments in the law of the sea / Shirley V. Scott -- The developing regional regime for the marine Arctic / Betsy Baker -- The outer limits of the continental shelf in the polar regions / Alex G. Oude Elferink -- Marine protected areas in the arctic / Suzanne Lalonde -- Marine protected areas in the southern ocean / Karen N. Scott -- Environmental assessments in the marine areas of the polar regions / Robin Warner -- Migratory species conservation in warming polar oceans, with particular reference to -- Seabirds / Arie Trouwborst -- International regulation of polar shipping / Laura Boone -- Antarctic fisheries management / Andrew Serdy -- Arctic fisheries management / Erik J. Molenaar -- Marine mammals in the Antarctic treaty system / Joanna Mossop -- The conservation and utilization of marine mammals in the Arctic region / Nigel Bankes -- Marine scientific research in the Antarctic treaty system / Rene Lefeber -- Marine scientific research in the Arctic / Yoshinobu Takei -- Maritime security in the polar regions / Donald R. Rothwell -- Interactions between global and regional regimes: trends and prospects / Erik J. Molenaar, Donald R. Rothwell and Alex G. Oude Elferink..

Note: Contents: Getting Started ; Git Basics ; Git Branching ; Git on the Server ; Distributed Git ; Github ; Git Tools ; Customizing Git ; Git and Other Systems ; Git Internals ; Git in Other Environments ; Embedded Git in Your Applications ; Git Commands

Note: Preface -- Manifesto: a call to establish a legitimate, wise, powerful collective voice of the people -- Democracy is about power and the people -- Direct democracy, representative democracy, and their shadows -- Why we need public wisdom -- Public wisdom: its role, its sources and its limitations -- Citizenship and the random selection of ad hoc mini publics -- Citizen deliberative councils: their character, variety and history -- How citizen deliberative councils could and should be used -- Public empowerment, public engagement, and the role of journalism -- Polarization, transpartisanship, and public wisdom -- Wisdom councils in 100 cities; with study circles, world cafes, and open space to engage the public with the results -- Deliberation for direct democracy -- Empowered public wisdom rising from the grassroots -- A new branch of government? -- Protecting the power and integrity of public wisdom -- What role will you play? -- Appendices -- An annotated list of powerful participatory processes, with links -- Some areas for research and development..

Note: Contents: 1. A looming crisis Part I Status and challenges 2. Rising demand and dwindling per capita resources 3. Water and poverty 4. Governance and finance 5. Pollution and water-related disease 6. Water, land and wildlife 7. Dams and diversions 8. Trading water - real and virtual 9. Water, war and terrorism 10. The threat of global warming Part II Nature's resources 11. The restless water cycle 12. Shrinking freshwater stores Part III Towards sustainability 13. Cutting demand 14. Increasing supplies 15. Cleaning up and protecting the aquatic environment 16. Using seawater 17. Controlling the weather 18. Improved monitoring and data management 19. Improving prediction and risk assessment 20. Improving management and justice 21. Aid for the developing world Conclusions 22. Is sustainability achievable?

Note: Front Cover; Contents; Preface; 1. What's Vis, and Why Do It?; 2. What: Data Abstraction; 3. Why: Task Abstraction; 4. Analysis: Four Levels for Validation; 5. Marks and Channels; 6. Rules of Thumb; 7. Arrange Tables; 8. Arrange Spatial Data; 9. Arrange Networks and Trees; 10. Map Color and Other Channels; 11. Manipulate View; 12. Facet into Multiple Views; 13. Reduce Items and Attributes; 14. Embed: Focus+Context; 15. Analysis Case Studies; Figure Credits; Bibliography.

Note: Planetary magnetism : foreword / A. Balogh ... [et al.] -- Space exploration of planetary magnetism / N.F. Ness -- Planetary magnetic field measurements : missions and instrumentation / A. Balogh -- Current systems in planetary magnetospheres and ionospheres / W. Baumjohann ... [et al.] -- Separation of the magnetic field into external and internal parts / N. Olsen, K.-H. Glassmeir, X. Jia -- The magnetic field of planet Earth / G. Hulot ... [et al.] -- Crustal magnetic fields of terrestrial planets / B. Langlais ... [et al.] -- Magnetic fields of the outer planets / C.T. Russell, M.K. Dougherty -- Magnetic fields of the satellites of Jupiter and Saturn / X. Jia ... [et al.] -- The magnetic field of mercury / B.J. Anderson ... [et al.] -- Paleomagnetic records of meteorites and early planetesimal differentiation / B.P. Weiss ... [et al.] -- Induced magnetic fields in solar system bodies / J. Saur, f.M. Neubauer, K.-H. Glassmeier -- The interior structure, composition, and evolution of giant planets / J.J. Fortney, N. Nettelmann -- Thermal evolution and magnetic field generation in terrestrial planets and satellites / D. Breuer, S. Labrosse, T. Spohn -- Theory and modeling of planetary dynamos / J. Wicht, A. Tilgner -- Laboratory dynamo experiments / G. Verhille ... [et al.] -- Dynamo scaling laws and applications to the planets / U.R. Christensen -- The solar dynamo / C.A. Jones, M.J. Thompson, S.M. Tobias -- Dynamo models for planets other than Earth / S. Stanley, G.A. Glatzmaier -- Planetary magnetic fields : achievements and prospects / D.J. Stevenson..

Note: Table of Contents: Preface: Radiation Processes in the Atmosphere and Ocean / Robert F. Cahalan. - Acknowledgments. - PLENARY SESSION. - UNION-HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES AND CURRENT TOPICS IN RADIATION PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN / Conveners: R. F. Cahalan, W. Schmutz, B. J. Sohn, and J. Fischer. - 125 years of radiative transfer: Enduring triumphs and persisting misconceptions / Michael I. Mishchenko. - Active remote sensing of cloud microphysics / Hajime Okamoto. - MIPAS: 10 years of spectroscopic measurements for investigating atmospheric composition / Herbert Fischer. - Status of high spectral resolution IR for advancing atmospheric state characterization and climate trend benchmarking: A period of both opportunity realized and squandered / Henry Revercomb, Fred Best, Robert Knuteson, David Tobin, Joe Taylor, and Jon Gero. - Growing up MODIS: Towards a mature aerosol climate data record / Robert C. Levy. - Radiative transfer and regional climate change / Kuo-Nan Liou. - Ocean optics: The next frontier / George W. Kattawar. - PARALLEL SESSIONS. - RADIATIVE TRANSFER THEORY AND MODELING / Conveners: B. Mayer, A. Marshak, and J.-L. Widlowski. - Oral Presentations. - New approach for radiative transfer in sea ice and its application for sea ice satellite remote sensing / E. P. Zege, A. V. Malinka, I. L. Katsev, A. S. Prikhach, and G. Heygster. - The line-by-line and polarized Monte Carlo atmospheric radiative transfer model / B. A. Fomin and V. A. Falaleeva. - Hyperspectral retrieval of surface reflectances: A new scheme / Jean-Claude Thelen and Stephan Havemann. - Accelerations of the discrete ordinate method for nadir viewing geometries / Dmitry Efremenko, Adrian Doicu, Diego Loyola, and Thomas Trautmann. - The simulation of radar and coherent backscattering with the Monte Carlo model MYSTIC / Christian Pause, Robert Buras, Claudia Emde, and Bernhard Mayer. - The visibility of airborne volcanic ash from the flight deck of an aircraft - The effect of clouds in the field of view / Daniel Sauer, Josef Gasteiger, Claudia Emde, Robert Buras, Bernhard Mayer, and Bernadett Weinzierl. - Results of processing airborne NASA and Russian cloud data / Irina Melnikova, Jefwa M. Genya, and Charles K. Gatebe. - 3D radiative processes in satellite measurements of aerosol properties / Tamás Várnai, Alexander Marshak, Weidong Yang, and Guoyong Wen. - Assessment of cloud heterogeneities effects on brightness temperatures simulated with a 3D Monte Carlo code in the thermal infrared / Thomas Fauchez, Céline Cornet, Frédéric Szczap, and Philippe Dubuisson. - Parametric 3D atmospheric reconstruction in highly variable terrain with recycled Monte Carlo paths and an adapted Bayesian inference engine / Ian Langmore, Anthony B. Davis, Guillaume Bal, and Youssef M. Marzouk. - Remote sensing of particle size profiles from cloud sides: Observables and retrievals in a 3D environment / Florian Ewald, Tobias Zinner, and Bernhard Mayer. - Poster Presentations. - Characterization of cloud microphysical parameters using airborne measurements by the research scanning polarimeter / Mikhail D. Alexandrov, Brian Cairns, Michael I. Mishchenko, Andrew S. Ackerman, and Claudia Emde. - Solution of the radiative transfer equation by eliminating the anisotropic part within the method of synthetic iteration / Vladimir P. Budak and Oleg V. Shagalov. - The phase matrix truncation impact on polarized radiance / M. Compiègne, L. C-Labonnote, and P. Dubuisson. - Evaluation of cloud heterogeneity effects on total and polarized visible radiances as measured by POLDER/PARASOL and consequences for retrieved cloud properties / C. Cornet, F. Szczap, L. C.-Labonnote, T. Fauchez, F. Parol, F. Thieuleux, J. Riedi, P. Dubuisson, and N. Ferlay. - Retrieval of volcanic ash and ice cloud physical properties together with gas concentration from IASI measurements using the AVL model / S. Kochenova, M. De Mazière, N. Kumps, S. Vandenbussche, and T. Kerzenmacher. - Use of shadowband correction models for predicting direct solar irradiance / M. C. Kotti, A. A. Argiriou, and A. Kazantzidis. - Simulation of airborne radar observations of precipitating systems at various frequency bands / Valentin Louf, Olivier Pujol, and Jérôme Riedi. - Fast radiative transfer model to simulate spectroscopic measurements of outgoing IR radiances in cloudy conditions / Alexey Rublev and Anatoly Trotsenko. - Intercomparison of three microwave/infrared high resolution line-by-line radiative transfer codes / F. Schreier, S. Gimeno Garcia, M. Milz, A. Kottayil, M. Höpfner, T. von Clarmann, and G. Stiller. - Py4CAtS – Python tools for line-by-line modelling of infrared atmospheric radiative transfer / Franz Schreier and Sebastián Gimeno García. - Theory of weak spectral line formation within a plane-parallel atmosphere bounded from below by a reflecting underlying surface / Oleg I. Smokty. - Analytical spatial-angular structure of polarized radiation fields in a uniform atmospheric slab / Oleg I. Smokty. - The mirror symmetry principle for radiation fields in a vertically non-uniform atmospheric slab / Oleg I. Smokty. - A 3D polarized Monte Carlo LIDAR system simulator for studying effects of cirrus inhomogeneities on CALIOP/CALIPSO measurements / F. Szczap, C. Cornet, A. Alqassem, Y. Gour, L. C.-Labonnote, and O. Jourdan. - The significance analysis of FY-2E split window data for "clear region" AMVs derivation / Zhenhui Wang, Yizhe Zhan, Zhiguo Zhang, and Lu Yang. - PARTICLE RADIATIVE PROPERTIES / Conveners: T. Aoki, P. Di Girolamo, and H. Ishimoto. - Oral Presentations. - Retrieval of aerosol microstructure and radiative properties for moderate turbidity under conditions of Western Siberia / Tatiana B. Zhuravleva, Tatiana V. Bedareva, and Mikhail A. Sviridenkov. - Vertical resolved aerosol characterization during the GAMARF campaign: Aerosol size distribution and radiative properties / José Luis Gómez-Amo, Daniela Meloni, Alcide di Sarra, Tatiana DiIorio, Wolfgang Junkermann, Víctor Estellés, Giandomenico Pace, and Jeroni Lorente. - A novel, broadband spectroscopic method to measure the extinction coefficient of aerosols in the near-ultraviolet / Eoin M. Wilson, Jun Chen, Ravi M. Varma, John C. Wenger, and Dean S. Venables. - Aerosol characteristics at the Alpine site of Innsbruck, Austria / Sigrid Wuttke, Axel Kreuter, and Mario Blumthaler. - Comparison of modeled optical properties of Saharan mineral dust aerosols with SAMUM lidar and photometer observations / Josef Gasteiger and Matthias Wiegner. - A self-consistent high- and low-frequency scattering model for cirrus / Anthony J. Baran, Richard Cotton, Stephan Havemann, Laurent C.-Labonnote, and Franco Marenco. - Does scattered radiation undergo bluing within clouds? / I. Melnikova, T. Simakina, A. Vasilyev, C. Gatebe, and C. Varotsos. - Poster Presentations. - Numerical simulation of spectral albedos of glacier surfaces covered with glacial microbes in Northwestern Greenland / Teruo Aoki, Katsuyuki Kuchiki, Masashi Niwano, Sumito Matoba, Jun Uetake, Kazuhiko Masuda, and Hiroshi Ishimoto. - Development of a quality control algorithm for analysis of SKYNET data and an estimation of the single scattering albedo / Makiko Hashimoto and Teruyuki Nakajima. - Optical modeling of irregularly shaped ice particles in convective cirrus / Hiroshi Ishimoto, Kazuhiko Masuda, Yuzo Mano, Narihiro Orikasa, and Akihiro Uchiyama. - Optimizing the ice crystal scattering database for the GCOM-C/SGLI satellite mission / Husi Letu, Takashi Y. Nakajima, Takashi N. Matsui, and Yoshiaki Matsumae. - Synergetic retrieval of atmospheric aerosol from a combination of lidar and radiometer ground-based observations / Anton Lopatin, Oleg Dubovik, Anatoli Chaikovsky, Philippe Goloub, Didier Tanre, Pavel Litvinov, and Tatiana Lapyonok. - Satellite study over Europe to estimate the single scattering albedo and the aerosol opt