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  • Johns Hopkins University Press
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  • English  (424)
  • German  (171)
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  • 1
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    The Changing Status of German Reunification in Western Diplomacy, 1955-1966 (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book reviews the course of NATO policy on German reunification from the perspective of West German preferences and Bonn's endeavors to have them respected in the diplomatic efforts of the major allies. With its accession to NATO, the West German government under Adenauer continued its policy of rehabilitating the German people in the eyes of the Western political community by playing a willing and sometimes leading role in joint ventures whose purpose was said to transcend the nation-state.
    Keywords: European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Messung von Experimentierfähigkeiten (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Validierung eines neuen Tests zur Messung von Experimentierfähigkeit in Large-Scale-Assessments. Die Testaufgaben erfordern die Planung, Durchführung und Auswertung typischer physikalischer Schülerexperimente der Sekundarstufe I. Anstelle von Realexperimenten werden interaktive Simulationen zum Aufbau von Experimenten und zur Durchführung von Messungen eingesetzt. Die Bearbeitung der Testaufgaben erfolgt vollständig am Computerbildschirm. Diesen Bearbeitungen werden in der Auswertung Punkte (Testwerte) zugewiesen. In der heute gültigen Vorstellung ist Validierung im Wesentlichen als ein theorie- und evidenzbasierter Argumentationsprozess aufzufassen. Nach der Nennung und Begründung notwendiger Validierungsschritte erfolgt eine schlüssige Validitätsargumentation. Ein Validierungsschritt kann z. B. darin bestehen, zu überprüfen, in wieweit zur erfolgreichen Bearbeitung der Testaufgaben Experimentierfähigkeiten eingesetzt werden. Die Ergebnisse der Validierungsschritte lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfassen: die Aufgabeninhalte und -anforderungen des Tests passen zum Physikunterricht der Sekundarstufe I; die Schüler denken und handeln bei der Bearbeitung der Testaufgaben experimentell; der verwendete Bewertungsmaßstab misst Experimentierfähigkeit; die erreichten Testwerte korrelieren mit den Testwerten, die bei inhaltlich identischen Realexperimenten erreicht werden. Zusammenfassend ist festzuhalten, dass der computerbasierte Test das Spektrum der in Large-Scale Assessments erfassbaren Experimentierfähigkeiten erweitert.
    Keywords: Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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    Die natürlichen Grundlagen der Mathematik (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Dieses Buch ist als eine Neubegründung der Mathematik zu verstehen. Mathematische Grundkenntnisse genügen zum Verständnis. In logischer Hinsicht wird nur der vertraute Umgang mit den Worten und, oder, wenn/dann vorausgesetzt. Logische Fachkenntnisse sind somit nicht nötig, eher hinderlich. Die Grundbegriffe Objekt, Bereich, Abbildung sind rein sprachlicher Natur: Ein Bereich erlaubt, von seinen Elementen (Objekte) zu reden, eine Abbildung α von dem "Bild" xα (ein Objekt) eines Objektes x. Und selbstverständlich sind Bereiche wie Abbildungen auch Objekte. Einhergehend mit Negation wird Existenz eingeführt, Gleichheit dann im Zusammenhang mit dem Begriff einer Klasse (Bereich plus Äquivalenzrelation), und schließlich wird die Klasse aller Mengen vorausgesetzt. Das Standard-Vorlesungsthema Aufbau des Zahlensystems wird vorweg auf althergebrachter Grundlage behandelt (Mengen und Abbildungen im Sinne Dedekinds), in dem vertrauten Rahmen der real existierenden Mathematik also, aber nicht auf altvertraute Weise. Der entsprechende, um einiges angereicherte Teil I des Buches ist daher von unabhängigem Interesse, wie auch Teil II mit historischen und mathematikphilosophischen Erörterungen.
    Keywords: Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics
    Language: German
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    In Pursuit of Liberalism (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-07-15
    Description: Though the fall of the Soviet Union opened the way for states in central and eastern Europe to join the world of market-oriented Western democracies, the expected transitions have not been as easy, common, or smooth as sometimes perceived. Rachel A. Epstein investigates how liberal ideas and practices are embedded in transitioning societies and finds that success or failure depends largely on creating a social context in which incentives held out by international institutions are viewed as symbols of an emerging Western identity in the affected country.Epstein first explains how a liberal worldview and institutions like the European Union, World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization go hand-in-hand and why Western nations assume that a broad and incremental program of incentives to join will encourage formerly authoritarian states to reform their political and economic systems. Using Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Ukraine as case studies, she demonstrates the limits of conditionality in the face of national social perceptions and elucidates the three key points around which a consensus within the state must emerge before international institutions can expect liberalization: domestic officials must be uncertain about how changing policies will affect their interests; the status of international and domestic institutions must not be in jeopardy; and the proposed polices must seem credible. In making her case, Epstein cleverly bridges the gap between the rationalist and constructivist schools of thought.Offering new data on and fresh interpretations of reforming central bank policies, privatizing banks with foreign capital, democratizing civil-military relations, and denationalizing defense policy, In Pursuit of Liberalism extends well beyond the scope of previous book-length studies.
    Keywords: Comparative politics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPB Comparative politics
    Language: English
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    Pricing of Consumer Innovations (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Consumers are an important source of innovation. They primarily innovate out of non-monetary motivations, such as use interest, learning and social rewards. Nonetheless, increasing numbers of such consumer and user innovators recently began diffusing their creations on online marketplaces, where they price and commercialize them. This empirical work reveals that, compared to firms, consumers’ different motivations to innovate affect their pricing decisions systematically in terms of cost, customer quality and competition considerations. Furthermore, it shows that customers’ price evaluations differ consistently when a product is marketed as created by consumers. Two empirical, sequential mixed methods studies were conducted for testing a series of hypotheses derived from fusing pricing research with consumer and user innovation theory. The empirical work was executed in the field of indie video games. Its core quantitative analyses were carried out with data scraped from the Steam computer game marketplace. Interviews and experiments with commercializing consumer innovators and their customers scaffold the findings from the market data analyses. The generated knowledge helps (a) consumer and user innovators to shape and validate their marketing strategies, (b) business administrators to respond to an influx of consumer innovators as competitors, and (c) economists in understanding the market impacts of commercial consumer innovation diffusion.
    Keywords: Pricing ; User Innovation ; Diffusion ; Marketing ; Indie ; thema EDItEUR::2 Language qualifiers::2A Indo-European languages::2AC Germanic and Scandinavian languages::2ACB English::2ACBK American English ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCK Behavioural economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJE E-commerce: business aspects ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJD Business innovation ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJH Entrepreneurship / Start-ups ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV7 Sales and marketing management ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJS Sales and marketing ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBY Inventions and inventors
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Studies in Intellectual History (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Originally published in 1953. In this collection of essays, prominent midcentury intellectual historians provide critical essays on their field of specialty. This volume gathers work by Harold Cherniss, George Boas, Ludwig Edelstein, Leo Spitzer, and others.
    Keywords: Social & cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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    Heterobimetallic [2.2]Paracyclophane Complexes and Their Application in Photoredox Catalysis (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The most important goal of current chemistry research is to provide green and sustainable routes to compounds of interest. One way of addressing this is the use of abundant and inexpensive sources of energy to drive reactions, with the prime example being visible light in photoredox catalysis. One recent promising approach is the use of heterobimetallic catalysts where two metals work in a cooperative fashion to achieve the desired transformation. However, these cooperative effects are poorly understood due to a lack of model complexes suitable for the intricate study of heterobimetallic complexes. In this work, [2.2]paracyclophane (PCP) is presented as a new platform on which to build distance-variable heterobimetallic complexes. The methods for the access to these synthetic targets are developed and investigated for their broader synthetic applicability. To demonstrate the potential of these complexes as catalysts, Au/Ru heterobimetallic complexes are evaluated regarding their performance in a dual photoredox catalytic arylative Meyer-Schuster rearrangement reaction. This reaction provides a very convenient and sustainable access α-arylated enones, an important building blocks for relevant pharmaceutical compounds.
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Reading for Storyness (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: The short story has been a staple of American literature since the nineteenth century, taught in virtually every high school and consistently popular among adult readers. But what makes a short story unique? In Reading for Storyness, Susan Lohafer, former president of the Society for the Study of the Short Story, argues that there is much more than length separating short stories from novels and other works of fiction. With its close readings of stories by Kate Chopin, Julio Cortázar, Katherine Mansfield, and others, this book challenges assumptions about the short story and effectively redefines the genre in a fresh and original way.In her analysis, Lohafer combines traditional literary theory with a more unconventional mode of research, monitoring the reactions of readers as they progress through a story—to establish a new poetics of the genre. Singling out the phenomenon of "imminent closure" as the genre's defining trait, she then proceeds to identify "preclosure points," or places where a given story could end, in order to access hidden layers of the reading experience. She expertly harnesses this theory of preclosure to explore interactions between pedagogy and theory, formalism and cultural studies, fiction and nonfiction. Returning to the roots of storyness, Lohafer illuminates the intricacies of classic short stories and experimental forms of surreal, postmodern, and minimalist fiction. She also discusses the impact of social constructions, such as gender, on the identification of preclosure points by individual readers. Reading for Storyness combines cognitive science with literary theory to present a compelling argument for the uniqueness of the short story.
    Keywords: Literary theory ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Kompetenzaufbau zum experimentbezogenen Denken und Arbeiten (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Experimentieren kann nicht nur dazu beitragen, fachinhaltliche Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen, sondern auch selbst Lerngegenstand sein. Wenig geklärt ist bisher, wie beim Experimentieren gelernt wird, worauf zu achten ist. Unklar ist auch, welche fachmethodischen Vorstellungen Lernende beim Planen, Durchführen und Auswerten aktivieren. Diesen Fragen wurde mithilfe einer schriftlichen Instruktion nachgegangen, die Lernende (Jg. 11) anregt, nicht nur Experimente durchzuführen, sondern auch über fachmethodische Grundlagen nachzudenken. Die Arbeitsphasen wurden für 42 Schülergruppen videografiert und kategorienbasiert ausgewertet, um Aussagen über Aktivitätsprofile, Vorstellungen und Kompetenzveränderungen zu generieren. Die Ergebnisse belegen die Komplexität von Lernprozessen und zeigen die Schwierigkeit, individuelle Kompetenzzuwächse auf bestimmte Prozesse zurückzuführen. Zum Beispiel konnten hohe Kompetenzzuwächse sowohl für Lernende mit häufigen fachmethodischen Beiträgen als auch für solche mit nur geringen fachmethodischen Aktivitäten festgestellt werden. Des Weiteren gehen experimentell angemessene Aktivitäten in erkennbaren Anteilen mit fachmethodisch unpassenden Vorstellungen einher, wie z. ,B. bei einer korrekt vorgenommenen, aber falsch begründeten Trennung zwischen einer Beobachtung und einer Deutung. Die Arbeit liefert damit Hinweise, dass Lernende neben fachinhaltlichen auch fachmethodische Vorstellungen in den Unterricht mitbringen. Diese gilt es z. ,B. durch explizite und wiederholte Thematisierung zu adressieren.
    Keywords: Explizite Instruktion ; Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse ; Eventbasiertes Kodieren ; Interventionsstudie ; Experimentieren ; thema EDItEUR::2 Language qualifiers::2A Indo-European languages::2AC Germanic and Scandinavian languages::2ACG German ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNV Educational equipment and technology, computer-aided learning (CAL) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDD Scientific standards, measurement etc ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics ; thema EDItEUR::Y Children’s, Teenage and Educational::YP Educational material::YPM Educational: Mathematics, science and technology, general::YPMP Educational: Sciences, general science ; thema EDItEUR::Y Children’s, Teenage and Educational::YP Educational material::YPM Educational: Mathematics, science and technology, general::YPMP Educational: Sciences, general science::YPMP5 Educational: Physics
    Language: German
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  • 10
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    Medieval Jewry in Northern France (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Originally published in 1974. Focusing on a set of Jewish communities, Robert Chazan tells how, by the eleventh century, French Jews had created for themselves a role as local merchants and moneylenders in adapting to the political, economic, and social limits imposed on them. French society, striving to become more powerful and civilized, was willing to extend aid and protection to the Jews in return for general stimulation of trade and urban life and for the immediate profit realized from taxation. While the authorities were relatively successful in protecting the Jews from others, there was no power to impose itself between the Jews and their protectors. The political and social well-being of the Jews was, therefore, dependent on the will of the governing authorities who taxed their holdings and regulated their activities. During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the position of the Jews was constantly under attack by reform elements in the church concerned with Jewish moneylending and blasphemous materials in Jewish books; these reformers were eventually devoted to a serious missionizing effort within the Jewish community. The Jews' situation was further complicated by deep popular animosity, expressing itself in a damaging set of slanders and occasionally in physical violence. Despite the impressive achievements of the Jews in medieval northern France, by the thirteenth century their community was increasingly constricted; and in 1306, they were expelled from royal France by Philip IV. Overcoming the handicap of a lack of copious source material, Chazan analyzes the Jews' political status, their relations with key elements of Christian society, their demographic development, their economic outlets, their internal organization, and their attitudes toward the Christian environment. As it highlights aspects of French society from an unusual perspective, Medieval Jewry in Northern France should be of special interest to the historian of medieval France as well as to the student of Jewish history. This story is also significant for all who are fascinated by the capacity of human groups to respond and adapt creatively to a hostile and limiting environment.
    Keywords: European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Questioning the Premedical Paradigm (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-07-15
    Description: This book raises fundamental questions about the propriety of continuing to use a premedical curriculum developed more than a century ago to select students for training as future physicians for the twenty-first century. In it, Dr. Donald A. Barr examines the historical origins, evolution, and current state of premedical education in the United States. One hundred years ago, Abraham Flexner's report on Medical Education in the United States and Canada helped establish the modern paradigm of premedical and medical education. Barr’s research finds the system of premedical education that evolved to be a poor predictor of subsequent clinical competency and professional excellence, while simultaneously discouraging many students from underrepresented minority groups or economically disadvantaged backgrounds from pursuing a career as a physician. Analyzing more than fifty years of research, Barr shows that many of the best prospects are not being admitted to medical schools, with long-term adverse consequences for the U.S. medical profession. The root of the problem, Barr argues, is the premedical curriculum—which overemphasizes biology, chemistry, and physics by teaching them as separate, discrete subjects. In proposing a fundamental restructuring of premedical education, Barr makes the case for parallel tracks of undergraduate science education: one that would largely retain the current system; and a second that would integrate the life sciences in a problem-based, collaborative learning pedagogy. Barr argues that the new, integrated curriculum will encourage greater educational and social diversity among premedical candidates without weakening the quality of the education. He includes an evaluative research framework to judge the outcome of such a restructured system.This historical and cultural analysis of premedical education in the United States is the crucial first step in questioning the appropriateness of continuing a hundred-year-old, empirically dubious pedagogical model for the twenty-first century.
    Keywords: Higher & further education, tertiary education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education
    Language: English
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    Holy Hills of the Ozarks (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Over the past century, Branson, Missouri, has attracted tens of millions of tourists. Nestled in the heart of the Ozark Mountains, it offers a rare and refreshing combination of natural beauty and family-friendly recreation—from scenic lakes and rolling hills to theme parks and variety shows. It has boasted of big name celebrities, like Wayne Newton, Andy Williams, and Petula Clark, as well as family entertainers like Mickey Gilley, the Shanghai Magic Troupe, Jim Stafford, and Yakov Smirnoff.But there is more to Branson's fame than just recreation. As Aaron K. Ketchell discovers, a popular variant of Christianity underscores all Branson's tourist attractions and fortifies every consumer success. In this lively and engaging study, Ketchell explores Branson's unique blend of religion and recreation. He explains how the city became a mecca of conservative Christianity—a place for a "spiritual vacation"—and how, through conscious effort, its residents and businesses continuously reinforce its inextricable connection with the divine. Ketchell combines the study of lived religion, popular culture, evangelicalism, and contemporary American history to present an accurate and honest account of a distinctly American phenomenon.
    Keywords: Christianity ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRC Christianity ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRM Christianity
    Language: English
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    The Eve of Spain (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The Eve of Spain demonstrates how the telling and retelling of one of Spain’s founding myths played a central role in the formation of that country’s national identity. King Roderigo, the last Visigoth king of Spain, rapes (or possibly seduces) La Cava, the daughter of his friend and counselor, Count Julian. In revenge, the count travels to North Africa and conspires with its Berber rulers to send an invading army into Spain. So begins the Muslim conquest and the end of Visigothic rule. A few years later, in Northern Spain, Pelayo initiates a Christian resistance and starts a new line of kings to which the present-day Spanish monarchy traces its roots.Patricia E. Grieve follows the evolution of this story from the Middle Ages into the modern era, as shifts in religious tolerance and cultural acceptance influenced its retelling. She explains how increasing anti-Semitism came to be woven into the tale during the Christian conquest of the peninsula—in the form of traitorous Jewish conspirators. In the sixteenth century, the tale was linked to the looming threat of the Ottoman Turks. The story continued to resonate through the Enlightenment and into modern historiography, revealing the complex interactions of racial and religious conflict and evolving ideas of women’s sexuality.In following the story of La Cava, Rodrigo, and Pelayo, Grieve explains how foundational myths and popular legends articulate struggles for national identity. She explores how myths are developed around few historical facts, how they come to be written into history, and how they are exploited politically, as in the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492 followed by that of the Moriscos in 1609. Finally, Grieve focuses on the misogynistic elements of the story and asks why the fall of Spain is figured as a cautionary tale about a woman’s sexuality.
    Keywords: European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Nefarious Crimes, Contested Justice (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-07-15
    Description: This captivating history exposes a clandestine world of family and community secrets—incest, abortion, and infanticide—in the early modern Venetian republic. With the keen eye of a detective, Joanne M. Ferraro follows the clues in individual cases from the criminal archives of Venice and reconstructs each one as the courts would have done according to the legal theory of the day. Lawmakers relied heavily on the depositions of family members, neighbors, and others in the community to establish the veracity of the victims’ claims. Ferraro recounts this often colorful testimony, giving voice to the field workers, spinners, grocers, servants, concubines, midwives, physicians, and apothecaries who gave their evidence to the courts, sometimes shaping the outcomes of the investigations. Nefarious Crimes, Contested Justice also traces shifting attitudes toward illegitimacy and paternity from the late sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries. Both the Catholic Church and the Republic of Venice tried to enforce moral discipline and regulate sex and reproduction. Unmarried pregnant women were increasingly stigmatized for engaging in sex. Their claims for damages because of seduction or rape were largely unproven, and the priests and laymen they were involved with were often acquitted of any wrongdoing. The lack of institutional support for single motherhood and the exculpation of fathers frequently led to abortion, infant abandonment, or infant death.In uncovering these hidden sex crimes, Ferraro exposes the further abuse of women by both the men who perpetrated these illegal acts and the courts that prosecuted them.
    Keywords: Gender studies, gender groups ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSJ Gender studies, gender groups
    Language: English
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    Der Mensch in der Verantwortung (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Die Frage nach dem Leid angesichts des Glaubens an den einen Gott, der im Christentum üblicherweise als allmächtig, gütig und allwissend gedacht wird, ist eine der zentralen Fragen der Menschheitsgeschichte, die auch heute noch regelmäßig und intensiv reflektiert und diskutiert wird. Durch die Erfahrung der Shoah stellt sich diese Frage, die als Theodizeefrage bezeichnet wird, für das Judentum, aber auch für das Christentum noch drängender, als dies zuvor ohnehin schon der Fall war. In der vorliegenden Studie werden die Antwortansätze, welche der jüdische Philosoph Hans Jonas, die christliche Theologin Dorothee Sölle und der jüdische Theologe Abraham Joshua Heschel angesichts der Shoah im Hinblick auf die Theodizeefrage entwickelt haben, dargestellt sowie aus christlich-theologischer Perspektive kritisch beleuchtet und weitergedacht. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist hierbei, ob und wie angesichts der Shoah die (All-)Macht, das Handeln und das Leiden Gottes gedacht werden können. Im Hinblick auf die Menschen steht die Frage im Fokus, worin die menschliche Verantwortung für und angesichts von Leid besteht. Raphael Döhn, geb. 1989, ist ein evangelischer Theologe mit dem Fachgebiet Systematische Theologie. Von 2015 bis 2020 war er Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter im Institut für Evangelische Theologie an der Universität Kassel, seit 2020 Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter im Fachbereich Evangelische Theologie an der Universität Marburg. Er promovierte mit einer Studie zur Theodizeefrage in christlichen und jüdischen Entwürfen des 20. Jahrhunderts, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Gesamtwerke von Hans Jonas, Dorothee Sölle und Abraham Joshua Heschel. Sonstige Schwerpunkte in Forschung und Lehre sind u.a. das Verhältnis von Krieg und Frieden im Denken von Hans Jonas, Schöpfungstheologie sowie Jugendtheologie.
    Keywords: Religion ; Philosophy ; Technology & Engineering ; Agriculture ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TV Agriculture & farming ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming
    Language: German
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    Physiklehrkräfte korrigieren Schülertexte (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Im Physikunterricht spielen sprachbezogene Anforderungen oft eine Rolle. Zugleich setzen viele Physiklehrkräfte es als selbstverständlich voraus, dass sich Lernende sprachlich versiert ausdrücken können. Eine naheliegende Vermutung ist, dass sich diese Erwartungshaltung auch auf die Korrektur von Klassenarbeiten niederschlägt. Darüber, wie Physiklehrkräfte bei der Feststellung und Beurteilung von Schülerleistungen in einer Klassenarbeit tatsächlich vorgehen, liegt allerdings bislang kaum belastbare empirische Evidenz vor (Forschungsfrage 1). Es stellt sich auch die Frage, inwieweit Physiklehrkräfte bei der Korrektur einer Klassenarbeit fachlich-konzeptuelle und sprachliche Schülerleistungen miteinander konfundieren (Forschungsfrage 2). Die vorliegende Arbeit exploriert diese beiden Fragen im Rahmen einer Laut-Denk-Studie mit 21 im Schuldienst aktiven Physiklehrkräften. Bezüglich Forschungsfrage 1 zeigte sich -- neben weiteren Befunden --, dass die befragten Lehrkräfte sprachliche Schülerleistungen in einer tendenziell defizitorientierten Art und Weise feststellen und beurteilen. Die Feststellung und Beurteilung fachlich-konzeptueller Schülerleistungen erfolgt hingegen zum Teil defizitorientiert, aber auch fähigkeitsorientiert. Hinsichtlich Forschungsfrage 2 konnten zahlreiche komplementäre Teilbefunde gewonnen werden. Sie sprechen in ihrer Gesamtheit dafür, dass die befragten Lehrkräfte fachlich-konzeptuelle und sprachliche Schülerleistungen auf einem moderaten Niveau miteinander konfundieren.
    Language: German
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    Writing for Immortality (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Before the Civil War, American writers such as Catharine Maria Sedgwick and Harriet Beecher Stowe had established authorship as a respectable profession for women. But though they had written some of the most popular and influential novels of the century, they accepted the taboo against female writers, regarding themselves as educators and businesswomen. During and after the Civil War, some women writers began to challenge this view, seeing themselves as artists writing for themselves and for posterity.Writing for Immortality studies the lives and works of four prominent members of the first generation of American women who strived for recognition as serious literary artists: Louisa May Alcott, Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, Elizabeth Stoddard, and Constance Fenimore Woolson. Combining literary criticism and cultural history, Anne E. Boyd examines how these authors negotiated the masculine connotation of "artist," imagining a space for themselves in the literary pantheon. Redrawing the boundaries between male and female literary spheres, and between American and British literary traditions, Boyd shows how these writers rejected the didacticism of the previous generation of women writers and instead drew their inspiration from the most prominent "literary" writers of their day: Emerson, James, Barrett Browning, and Eliot.Placing the works and experiences of Alcott, Phelps, Stoddard, and Woolson within contemporary discussions about "genius" and the "American artist," Boyd reaches a sobering conclusion. Although these women were encouraged by the democratic ideals implicit in such concepts, they were equally discouraged by lingering prejudices about their applicability to women.
    Keywords: Literature: history & criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: English
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    E. E. Cummings (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Originally published in 1960. In E. E. Cummings: The Art of His Poetry, Norman Friedman argues that critics who have focused on what Cummings's poetry lacks have failed to judge Cummings on his strengths. Friedman identifies a main strength of Cummings as his being a "sensual mystic." The book unpacks Cummings's subject matter, devices, and symbolism, ultimately helping readers develop a deeper understanding and appreciation of Cummings's work.
    Keywords: Literature: history & criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: English
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    Speaking of Diversity (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Originally published in 1992. In this collection of essays, Philip Gleason explores the different linguistic tools that American scholars have used to write about ethnicity in the United States and analyzes how various vocabularies have played out in the political sphere. In doing this, he reveals tensions between terms used by academic groups and those preferred by the people whom the academics discuss. Gleason unpacks words and phrases—such as melting pot and plurality—used to visualize the multitude of ethnicities in the United States. And he examines debates over concepts such as "assimilation," "national character," "oppressed group," and "people of color." Gleason advocates for greater clarity of these concepts when discussed in America's national political arena. Gleason's essays are grouped into three parts. Part 1 focuses on linguistic analyses of specific terms. Part 2 examines the effect of World War II on national identity and American thought about diversity and intergroup relations. Part 3 discusses discourse on the diversity of religions. This collection of eleven essays sharpens our historical understanding of the evolution of language used to define diversity in twentieth-century America.
    Keywords: Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period)
    Language: English
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    Neighbors in Conflict (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Originally published in 1978. Millions of immigrants seeking a better life came to New York City in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Ronald H. Bayor's study details how the relative tranquility among the city's four major ethnic groups was disturbed by economic depression, political divisions arising out of ties with the Old Country, and factional strife stirred up by local politicians seeking ethnic votes. Also evaluated are the effects of such emotional and political issues such as Nazism and Fascism upon the allegiances of Germans and Italians; the rift in the ethnic community caused by the communist scare; and the influence of such figures such as Franklin D. Roosevelt, Father Charles Coughlin, and Fiorello La Guardia.
    Keywords: History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
    Language: English
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    Progressives at War (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Craig's study of McAdoo and Baker illuminates the aspirations and struggles of two prominent southern Democrats.In this dual biography, Douglas B. Craig examines the careers of two prominent American public figures, Newton Diehl Baker and William Gibbs McAdoo, whose lives spanned the era between the Civil War and World War II.Both Baker and McAdoo migrated from the South to northern industrial cities and took up professions that had nothing to do with staple-crop agriculture. Both eventually became cabinet officers in the presidential administration of another southerner with personal memories of defeat and Reconstruction: Woodrow Wilson. A Georgian who practiced law and led railroad tunnel construction efforts in New York City, McAdoo served as treasury secretary at a time when Congress passed an income tax, established the Federal Reserve System, and funded the American and Allied war efforts in World War I. Born in the eastern panhandle of West Virginia, Baker won election as mayor of Cleveland in the early twentieth century and then, as Wilson's secretary of war, supervised the dramatic build-up of the U.S. military when the country entered the Great War in Europe.This is the first full biography of McAdoo and the first since 1961 of Baker. Craig points out similarities and differences in their backgrounds, political activities, professional careers, and family lives.Craig's approach in Progressives at War illuminates the shared struggles, lofty ambitions, and sometimes conflicted interactions of these figures. Their experiences and perspectives on public and private affairs (as insiders who nonetheless were, in some sense, outsiders) make their lives, work, and thought especially interesting. Baker and McAdoo, in league with Wilson, offer Craig the opportunity to deliver a fresh and insightful study of the period, its major issues, and some of its leading figures.
    Keywords: History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
    Language: English
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    The Idea of the American South, 1920-1941 (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Originally published in 1979. The idea of the "South" has its roots in Romanticism and American culture of the nineteenth century. This study by Michael O'Brien analyzes how the idea of a unique Southern consciousness endured into the twentieth century and how it affected the lives of prominent white Southern intellectuals. Individual chapters treat Howard Odum, John Donald Wade, John Crowe Ransom, Allen Tate, Frank Owsley, and Donald Davidson. The chapters trace each man's growing need for the idea of the South—how each defined it and how far each was able to sustain the idea as an element of social analysis. The Idea of the American South moves the debate over Southern identity from speculative essays about the "central theme" of Southern history and, by implication, past the restricted perception that race relations are a sufficient key to understanding the history of Southern identity.
    Keywords: History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
    Language: English
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    Pricing of Consumer Innovations (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Consumers are an important source of innovation. They primarily innovate out of non-monetary motivations, such as use interest, learning and social rewards. Nonetheless, increasing numbers of such consumer and user innovators recently began diffusing their creations on online marketplaces, where they price and commercialize them. This empirical work reveals that, compared to firms, consumers’ different motivations to innovate affect their pricing decisions systematically in terms of cost, customer quality and competition considerations. Furthermore, it shows that customers’ price evaluations differ consistently when a product is marketed as created by consumers. Two empirical, sequential mixed methods studies were conducted for testing a series of hypotheses derived from fusing pricing research with consumer and user innovation theory. The empirical work was executed in the field of indie video games. Its core quantitative analyses were carried out with data scraped from the Steam computer game marketplace. Interviews and experiments with commercializing consumer innovators and their customers scaffold the findings from the market data analyses. The generated knowledge helps (a) consumer and user innovators to shape and validate their marketing strategies, (b) business administrators to respond to an influx of consumer innovators as competitors, and (c) economists in understanding the market impacts of commercial consumer innovation diffusion.
    Keywords: Business & Economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management
    Language: English
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    Authentizität multiperspektivisch (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: Authentizität hat Konjunktur. Der Begriff vereint Sehnsüchte, Lebensvorstellungen, Entwicklungswünsche. Authentisch sein -- das scheint das Ziel vieler Menschen zu sein. Doch was bedeutet das eigentlich -- authentisch zu sein? Schauen wir etwas genauer hinter die Kulissen, stellen wir schnell fest, dass der Begriff genauso klar wie unklar zu sein scheint. Wissen wir eigentlich wirklich, was "authentisch sein" bedeutet? Dieses Buch versucht, das Desiderat der multiperspektivischen Begriffsannäherung zu schließen und genau dies anzugehen. Dazu werden unterschiedliche Disziplinen und ihr Blick auf den Begriff bemüht. Verhandelt wird das Konstrukt der Authentizität als Dimension pädagogischen Handelns. Denn ist ein authentisches Lehrerhandeln nicht gerade hier besonders wichtig? Oder gerade nicht? Begeben Sie sich selbst in die Tiefe der Begriffsdimensionen und finden Sie heraus, welche Rolle das Konstrukt für Sie selbst als Lehrperson und/oder Pädagogin/Pädagoge spielt.
    Language: German
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    Energize the Base of the Pyramid! (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: In many countries of the Global South, energy infrastructure is holey, unreliable or simply not existent. This leads to different kinds of severe problems. Just to name a few: Family members, mostly women, spend hours every day to collect firewood for cooking. In many cases, they suffer under pulmonary diseases, because they have no access to clean cooking facilities. And companies are less productive without access to electricity. Students of the Joint International Master on Sustainable Development worked on energy access scale-up projects during their third semester at Leipzig University. In this semester, students are requested to work on an ''integration project'': integrating various aspects of sustainable development in a particular case study. The class of 2017 approached energy access from the interdisciplinary perspective of sustainable development, anchored however in the field of Economics and Management Science to ensure feasibility of their work. This present edition of Studies in Infrastructure and Resources Management looks at their work in two different energy access scale-up projects in the sub-Saharan countries Nigeria and Senegal.
    Keywords: Business & Economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management
    Language: English
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    Schriftentausch zwischen Bibliotheken der DDR und der BRD mit einer Nutzenanalyse am Beispiel der SLB Dresden (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Der Schriftentausch dient zur Zeit der deutschen Teilung als zuverlässiges Kanalsystem in Richtung "Ost" für die unzensierte, devisenfreie Einfuhr dringend benötigter Westliteratur und in Richtung "West" für Publikationen, die außerhalb des DDR-Buchhandels erscheinen. Trotz staatlicher Überwachung und Restriktionen seitens der DDR (u.a. juristischer Präzedenzfall Alfred Eberlein 1971) gelingt es Bibliothekaren auf beiden Seiten der innerdeutschen Grenze, mit Mut und Solidarität ihrem Berufsethos und Ziel nach möglichst vollständigen Beständen gerecht zu werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit nimmt die Praxis des Schriftentausches wesentlicher deutscher Bibliotheken von 1949 bis 1990 in den Fokus. Sie befasst sich zudem mit Institutionen, die den Tausch beeinflussen. Zum Verständnis für die Entstehung zentraler Tauschstellen sowie das Aufblühen des Schriftentausches zwischen beiden deutschen Staaten wird die Ausgangslage von 1920 bis 1949, das heißt die Tätigkeiten der Reichstauschstelle und der Tauschstellen in den Besatzungszonen, einführend dargestellt. Neben der Frage, wie der Tausch eingebettet in die internationale Förderung durch die UNESCO und IFLA im Allgemeinen verläuft, werden der Tausch im Speziellen, exemplarisch für die SLB Dresden, untersucht und anschließend beide Ebenen hinsichtlich von Übereinstimmungen und Abweichungen verglichen. Quantitative Analysen geben Auskunft über die Zuteilung von Kontingentmitteln der SLB durch das Ministerium für Hoch- und Fachschulwesen der DDR und den Ertrag bzw. Nutzen des Tausches. Mit dem Ziel, wertmäßig Tauschäquivalenz zu erreichen, gelangen nach offizieller DDR-Tauschstatistik, die erstmals in dieser Arbeit vollständig publiziert wird, mehr Medien in die ostdeutschen und in der Praxis mehr Medien in die bundesdeutschen Bibliotheken.
    Keywords: Language Arts & Disciplines ; Library & Information Science ; School Media ; Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GL Library and information sciences / Museology::GLM Library and information services ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: German
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    Historisches Vergleichen (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Dem Vergleichen wird in der Geschichtswissenschaft die Funktion einer historischen Methode zugesprochen, für den Geschichtsunterricht dient es als Methode zur Förderung historischer Kompetenzen. In den Geschichtslehrwerken der Sekundarstufe II taucht es in der Regel in Form von Aufgaben auf. Doch wie relevant sind Vergleichsaufgaben in Lehrwerken überhaupt und welche Fertigkeiten und Kompetenzen benötigen Lernende in der Sekundarstufe II zur (schriftlichen) Lösung einer historischen Vergleichsaufgabe? Diesen Fragen wird mit Hilfe einer zweiteiligen Untersuchung auf der Grundlage einer umfangreichen Frequenzanalyse von Aufgaben in Geschichtslehrwerken der Sekundarstufe II in NRW sowie einer Korpusanalyse von Lernendentexten zu einer authentischen Vergleichsaufgabe aus einem Geschichtslehrwerk nachgegangen. Die Arbeit verbindet den geschichtsdidaktischen Zugang mit dem linguistischen Ansatz der Funktionalen Pragmatik, um das Vergleichen als Handlungsmuster des Geschichtsunterrichts zu bestimmen und es im Hinblick auf seinen kommunikativen Zweck in Teilhandlungen aufzuschlüsseln. Der Zugang wird ergänzt durch den Bezug zur Schreibdidaktik, der gerade im Hinblick auf wissenschaftspropädeutisches Arbeiten in der Sekundarstufe II eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Aus den Ergebnissen der Untersuchungen wird auf der Grundlage eines Indikatorenmodells ein praxisorientierter Weg zum Umgang mit Vergleichsaufgaben im Geschichtsunterricht vorgeschlagen.
    Keywords: History ; Education ; Literary Criticism ; European ; German ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: German
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    Reading Loss (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This book focuses on six post-apartheid novels, namely Zo¨e Wicomb's ''Playing in the Light'' (2006), Marlene van Niekerk's ''Agaat'' (2004/2007), André Brink's ''Devil's Valley'' (1998), Sarah Penny's ''The Beneficiaries'' (2002), K Sello Duiker's ''Thirteen Cents'' (2000), and Kgebetli Moele's ''Room 207'' (2006). It aims at highlighting different manifestations of melancholia that are visible in these texts in particular and in post-apartheid writing more generally. Mainly based on Sigmund Freud's, Anne Cheng's, and Paul Gilroy's concepts of melancholia, most novels are regarded as melancholic counter-narratives to the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission's attempt to initiate a nationwide process of mourning with the aim of subsequent closure of the apartheid past. Moreover, concepts of melancholia prove particularly useful in order to analyse issues such as complicity, uncritical whiteness, crises of identity, forms of resistance, and intergenerational memory.
    Language: English
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    Philosophy and the Turn to Religion (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Originally published in 1999. If religion once seemed to have played out its role in the intellectual and political history of Western secular modernity, it has now returned with a vengeance. In Philosophy and the Turn to Religion, Hent de Vries argues that a turn to religion discernible in recent philosophy anticipates and accompanies this development in the contemporary world. Though the book reaches back to Immanuel Kant, Martin Heidegger, and earlier, it takes its inspiration from the tradition of French phenomenology, notably Emmanuel Levinas, Jean-Luc Marion, and, especially, Jacques Derrida. Tracing how Derrida probes the discourse on religion, its metaphysical presuppositions, and its transformations, de Vries shows how this author consistently foregrounds the unexpected alliances between a radical interrogation of the history of Western philosophy and the religious inheritance from which that philosophy has increasingly sought to set itself apart.De Vries goes beyond formal analogies between the textual practices of deconstruction and so-called negative theology to address the necessity for a philosophical thinking that situates itself at once close to and at the farthest remove from traditional manifestations of the religious and the theological. This paradox is captured in the phrase adieu (à dieu), borrowed from Levinas, which signals at once a turn toward and a leave-taking from God—and which also gestures toward and departs from the other of this divine other, the possibility of radical evil. Only by confronting such uncanny and difficult figures, de Vries claims, can one begin to think and act upon the ethical and political imperatives of our day.
    Keywords: Philosophy of religion ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general::HRAB Philosophy of religion ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAB Philosophy of religion
    Language: English
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    Albert Cohen (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Honorable Mention winner in the Modern Language Association's Aldo and Jeanne Scaglione Prize competition for French and Francophone Literary StudiesA major figure in twentieth-century letters, Albert Cohen (1895–1981) left a paradoxical legacy. His heavily autobiographical, strikingly literary, and polyphonic novels and lyrical essays are widely read by a devout public in France, yet have been largely ignored by academia. A self-consciously Jewish writer and activist, Cohen remained nevertheless ambivalent about Judaism. His self-affirmation as a Jew in juxtaposition with his satirical use of anti-Semitic stereotypes still provokes unease in both republican France and institutional Judaism.In Albert Cohen: Dissonant Voices, the first English-language study of this profound and profoundly misunderstood writer, Jack I. Abecassis traces the recurrent themes of Cohen's works. He reveals the dissonant fractures marking Cohen as a modernist, and analyzes the resistance to his work as a symptom of the will not to understand Cohen's main theme—"the catastrophe of being Jewish."For Abecassis, Cohen's diverse oeuvre forms a single "roman fleuve" exploring this perturbing theme through fragmentation and grotesquerie, fantasies and nightmares, the veiling and unveiling of the unspeakable.Abecassis argues that Cohen should not be read exclusively through the prism of European literature (Stendhal, Tolstoy, Proust), but rather as the retelling—inverting and ultimately exhausting, in the form of submerged plots—of the Biblical romances of Joseph and Esther. The romance of the charismatic Court Jew and its performance correlative, the carnival of Purim, generate the logic of Cohen's acute psychological ambivalence, historical consciousness and carnal sensuality—themes which link this modernist author to Genesis as well as to the literary practices of Sephardic crypto-Jews. Abecassis argues that Cohen's best-known work, Belle du Seigneur (1968), besides being an obvious tale of obsessive love and dissolution, is foremost a tale of political intrigue involving Solal, the meteoric-rising Jew in the League of Nations during the period of Appeasement (1936), and his ultimate self-destruction. Providing close readings and imaginative analyses of the entire literary output of one of twentieth-century France's most important Jewish writers, Abecassis presents here a major work of literary scholarship, as well as a broader study of the reception and influence of Jewish thought in French literature and philosophy.
    Keywords: Literature: history & criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: English
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    The Cotton Plantation South since the Civil War (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-07-15
    Description: "The plantation," writes Charles Aiken, "is among the most misunderstood institutions of American history. The demise of the plantation has been pronounced many times, but the large industrial farms survive as significant parts of, not just the South's, but the nation's agriculture."In this sweeping historical and geographical account, Aiken traces the development of the Southern cotton plantation since the Civil War—from the emergence of tenancy after 1865, through its decline during the Depression, to the post-World War Two development of the large industrial farm. Tracing the geographical changes in plantation agriculture and the plantation regions after 1865, Aiken shows how the altered landscape of the South has led many to the false conclusion that the plantation has vanished. In fact, he explains, while certain regions of the South have reverted to other uses, the cotton plantation survives in a form that is, in many ways, remarkably similar to that of its antebellum predecessors. Aiken also describes the evolving relationship of African-Americans to the cotton plantation during the thirteen decades of economic, social, and political changes from Reconstruction through the War on Poverty—including the impact of alterations in plantation agriculture and the mass migration of Southern blacks to the urban North during the twentieth century. Richly illustrated with more than 130 maps and photographs (many original and many from FSA photographers), The Cotton Plantation South is a vivid and colorful account of landscape, geography, race, politics, and civil rights as they relate to one of America's most enduring and familiar institutions.
    Keywords: Geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
    Language: English
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    Jolly Fellows (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-07-15
    Description: “Jolly fellows,” a term that gained currency in the nineteenth century, referred to those men whose more colorful antics included brawling, heavy drinking, gambling, and playing pranks. Reforms, especially the temperance movement, stigmatized such behavior, but pockets of jolly fellowship continued to flourish throughout the country. Richard Stott scrutinizes and analyzes this behavior to appreciate its origins and meaning. Stott finds that male behavior could be strikingly similar in diverse locales, from taverns and boardinghouses to college campuses and sporting events. He explores the permissive attitudes that thrived in such male domains as the streets of New York City, California during the gold rush, and the Pennsylvania oil fields, arguing that such places had an important influence on American society and culture. Stott recounts how the cattle and mining towns of the American West emerged as centers of resistance to Victorian propriety. It was here that unrestrained male behavior lasted the longest, before being replaced with a new convention that equated manliness with sobriety and self-control.Even as the number of jolly fellows dwindled, jolly themes flowed into American popular culture through minstrelsy, dime novels, and comic strips. Jolly Fellows proposes a new interpretation of nineteenth-century American culture and society and will inform future work on masculinity during this period.
    Keywords: Gender studies: men & boys ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSJ Gender studies, gender groups::JFSJ2 Gender studies: men
    Language: English
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    French Chivalry (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Chivalry denotes the ideals and practices considered suitable for a noble. The word itself is reminiscent of the aristocratic society of medieval France dominated by mounted warriors. As early as the eleventh century, several different views of chivalric standards and behavior had appeared. During the next four hundred years, these conceptions of the ideal nobleman were developed by and for the feudal ruling class. Sidney Painter studies chivalry from the perspectives of both social history and the history of ideas. The first chapter provides readers unfamiliar with medieval history the background required for understanding the chapters on chivalry.
    Keywords: European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Lincoln's Speeches Reconsidered (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Originally published in 2005. Throughout the fractious years of the mid-nineteenth century, Abraham Lincoln's speeches imparted reason and guidance to a troubled nation. Lincoln's words were never universally praised. But they resonated with fellow legislators and the public, especially when he spoke on such volatile subjects as mob rule, temperance, the Mexican War, slavery and its expansion, and the justice of a war for freedom and union.In this close examination, John Channing Briggs reveals how the process of studying, writing, and delivering speeches helped Lincoln develop the ideas with which he would so profoundly change history. Briggs follows Lincoln's thought process through a careful chronological reading of his oratory, ranging from Lincoln's 1838 speech to the Springfield Lyceum to his second inaugural address.Recalling David Herbert Donald's celebrated revisionist essays (Lincoln Reconsidered, 1947), Briggs's study provides students of Lincoln with new insight into his words, intentions, and image.
    Keywords: Speeches ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DN Biography and non-fiction prose::DNS Speeches
    Language: English
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    Lourmarin in the Eighteenth Century (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Originally published in 1971. In the 1970s, social historians of seventeenth-century France began examining the social changes in the ancien régime in an effort to reconstruct the events leading up to the French Revolution. Thomas Sheppard examines Lourmarin, a mainly Protestant village with a small textile industry. He seeks to answer a series of questions posed at the outset of the book: What was daily life like in an eighteenth-century French village? How was village government organized? To what extent did community leaders regulate village political life? What effect did the Revolution have on life in the village? Sheppard answers these questions with his archival work in Lourmarin. He concludes his work with an investigation of the effects of the Revolution on life in Lourmarin following 1789.
    Keywords: Social & cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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    The Reign of King John (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Lacking the warlike bluntness of his predecessor, Richard the Lionheart, John came to the throne of England at a time when economic forces in the realm were threatening to undermine the very basis of feudal power. His attempts to adjust a political system to cope with this threat and at the same time to assert the hegemony of the monarchy over its chief rivals—the barons and the church—made his reign one of particular importance and significance in English history.
    Keywords: European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Neue Herausforderungen für die Aus- und Weiterbildung in Migrantenunternehmen (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: In diesem Sammelband berichten Akteurinnen und Akteure aus Migrantenorganisationen, Bildungsträgern, kommunaler Verwaltung, Kammern und Forschungseinrichtungen über ihre Erfahrungen und Erkenntnisse bei der Fachkräfteentwicklung in Migrantenunternehmen. Die Impulse zur Entstehung dieses Buches gehen auf einen gleichnamigen Workshop zurück, der von der Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft Migrantenökonomie Baden-Württemberg ausgerichtet wurde und unter bundesweiter Beteiligung stattfand. Der Sammelband umfasst die dort vorgestellten Beiträge von Expertinnen und Experten, die aus ihren jeweiligen beruflichen Kontexten und Perspektiven die Aus- und Weiterbildung in Migrantenunternehmen betrachten. Die Beiträge machen deutlich, dass die Förderung der Aus- und Weiterbildung in Migrantenunternehmen sowohl hinsichtlich der Grundlagen als auch der Zielsetzungen auf neue Füße gestellt werden muss. Denn insgesamt ist ein anderer Blick auf Migrantenunternehmen erforderlich, da die an Quantität ausgerichteten Fragen der Ausbildungsbeteiligung an Bedeutung verlieren, während nunmehr in den Betrieben Herausforderungen ersichtlich werden, die stärker auf eine qualitative Dimension verweisen.
    Language: German
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    Fast Measurement of Individual Head-Related Transfer Functions (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: While binaural technology applications gained in popularity in recent years, the majority of applications still use non-individual Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) from artificial heads. However, certain applications, for example research of spatial hearing or hearing attention, require an physically exact and realistic binaural signal. The limiting factor that prohibits the widespread use of individual HRTFs is the acquisition time of such data. This time requirement has recently been reduced by the use of parallelization in the measurement signal which lead to the development of fast measurement systems capable of acquiring individual and spatially dense HRTF. This thesis provides a objective and subjective evaluation of such a system that is designed with the goal of little disturbance of the measurements in mind. The construction is detailed, followed by both an objective and subjective evaluation. A detailed investigation into additional distortion of the sound field introduced by the system itself is presented and it is shown that the system performs comparably to a conventional system in terms of sound source localization. Furthermore, a method is introduced and evaluated to further reduce the measurement time by using continuous rotation during the measurement. This method is used to reduced the measurement duration from eight minutes to three minutes without audible differences.
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; Electronics ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    The Papers of Thomas A. Edison (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Seeking to replicate the success of his New York electric central station throughout the United States and in Europe and Latin America, Thomas A. Edison vowed to become a "business man for a year." This bold decision began a remarkable transition period for America's greatest inventive thinker. The seventh volume of Edison's papers chronicles the profound changes in his professional and personal life, including the unexpected death of his wife. It concludes with Edison returning to the laboratory to develop new communications technology.
    Keywords: Biography: science, technology & medicine ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DN Biography and non-fiction prose::DNB Biography: general::DNBT Biography: science, technology and medicine
    Language: English
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    Fortress of the Soul (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: French Huguenots made enormous contributions to the life and culture of colonial New York during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Huguenot craftsmen were the city's most successful artisans, turning out unrivaled works of furniture which were distinguished by unique designs and arcane details. More than just decorative flourishes, however, the visual language employed by Huguenot artisans reflected a distinct belief system shaped during the religious wars of sixteenth-century France.In Fortress of the Soul, historian Neil Kamil traces the Huguenots' journey to New York from the Aunis-Saintonge region of southwestern France. There, in the sixteenth century, artisans had created a subterranean culture of clandestine workshops and meeting places inspired by the teachings of Bernard Palissy, a potter, alchemist, and philosopher who rejected the communal, militaristic ideology of the Huguenot majority which was centered in the walled city of La Rochelle. Palissy and his followers instead embraced a more fluid, portable, and discrete religious identity that encouraged members to practice their beliefs in secret while living safely—even prospering—as artisans in hostile communities. And when these artisans first fled France for England and Holland, then left Europe for America, they carried with them both their skills and their doctrine of artisanal security.Drawing on significant archival research and fresh interpretations of Huguenot material culture, Kamil offers an exhaustive and sophisticated study of the complex worldview of the Huguenot community. From the function of sacred violence and alchemy in the visual language of Huguenot artisans, to the impact among Protestants everywhere of the destruction of La Rochelle in 1628, to the ways in which New York's Huguenots interacted with each other and with other communities of religious dissenters and refugees, Fortress of the Soul brilliantly places American colonial history and material life firmly within the larger context of the early modern Atlantic world.
    Keywords: History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
    Language: English
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    Stage to Studio (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Award for Best Research in the Field of Record Labels or Manufacturers from the Association for Recorded Sound CollectionsWinner of the Kenneth W. Baldridge Prize from the Phi Alpha Theta Honor Society, Hawaii Region Between the late nineteenth and mid-twentieth century, technology transformed the entertainment industry as much as it did such heavy industries as coal and steel. Among those most directly affected were musicians, who had to adapt to successive inventions and refinements in audio technology—from wax cylinders and gramophones to radio and sound films. In this groundbreaking study, James P. Kraft explores the intersection of sound technology, corporate power, and artistic labor during this disruptive period.Kraft begins in the late nineteenth century's "golden age" of musicians, when demand for skilled instrumentalists often exceeded supply, analyzing the conflicts in concert halls, nightclubs, recording studios, radio stations, and Hollywood studios as musicians began to compete not only against their local counterparts but also against highly skilled workers in national "entertainment factories." Kraft offers an illuminating case study in the impact of technology on industry and society—and a provocative chapter in the cultural history of America.
    Keywords: History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
    Language: English
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    Secret Affairs (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Originally published in 1995. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was paralyzed from the waist down, but he concealed the extent of his disability from a public that was never permitted to see him in a wheelchair. FDR's Secretary of State was old and frail, debilitated by a highly contagious and usually fatal disease that was as closely guarded a state secret as his wife's Jewish ancestry. The undersecretary was a pompous and aloof man who married three times but, when intoxicated, preferred sex with railroad porters, shoeshine boys, and cabdrivers. These three legendary figures—Franklin Roosevelt, Cordell Hull, and Sumner Welles—not only concealed such secrets for more than a decade but did so while directing United States foreign policy during some of the most perilous events in the nation's history. Irwin Gellman brings to light startling new information about the intrigues, deceptions, and behind-the-scenes power struggles that influenced America's role in World War II and left their mark on world events, for good or ill, in the half-century that followed. Gellman had unprecedented access to previously unavailable documents, including Hull's confidential medical records, unpublished manuscripts of Drew Pearson and R. Walton Moore, and Sumner Welles's FBI file. Gellman concludes that while Roosevelt, Hull, and Welles usually agreed on foreign policy matters, the events that molded each man's character remained a mystery to the others. Their failure to cope with their secret affairs—to subordinate their personal concerns to the higher good of the nation—eventually destroyed much of what they hoped would be their legacy. Roosevelt never explained his objectives to his vice president, Harry Truman, or to anyone else. Hull never groomed a successor, and Welles kept his foreign assignations as classified as his sexual orientation. Gellman tells the dramatic story of how three Americans—despite private demons and bitter animosities—could work together to lead their nation to victory against fascism.
    Keywords: History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
    Language: English
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    Maternal Megalomania (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: How the maternal image of the empress Julia Domna helped the Roman empire rule.Ancient authors emphasize dramatic moments in the life of Julia Domna, wife of Roman emperor Septimius Severus (193–211). They accuse her of ambition unforgivable in a woman, of instigating civil war to place her sons on the throne, and of resorting to incest to maintain her hold on power. In imperial propaganda, however, Julia Domna was honored with unprecedented titles that celebrated her maternity, whether it was in the role of mother to her two sons (both future emperors) or as the metaphorical mother to the empire. Imperial propaganda even equated her to the great mother goddess, Cybele, endowing her with a public prominence well beyond that of earlier imperial women. Her visage could be found gracing everything from state-commissioned art to privately owned ivory dolls. In Maternal Megalomania, Julie Langford unmasks the maternal titles and honors of Julia Domna as a campaign on the part of the administration to garner support for Severus and his sons. Langford looks to numismatic, literary, and archaeological evidence to reconstruct the propaganda surrounding the empress. She explores how her image was tailored toward different populations, including the military, the Senate, and the people of Rome, and how these populations responded to propaganda about the empress. She employs Julia Domna as a case study to explore the creation of ideology between the emperor and its subjects.
    Keywords: European history: the Romans ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    The Political Ecology of the Modern Peasant (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-08
    Description: Does political action by peasants primarily serve the interests of the individual or does it address community concerns as well? Previous attempts to resolve this question often became mired in the age-old debate over selfish versus altruistic behavior. In The Political Ecology of the Modern Peasant, Leslie Anderson goes beyond the polarized positions of earlier discussions to reach a new synthesis in which individual and community interests are shown to be both interdependent and mutually sustaining. Drawing on a wealth of personal experience in villages of Costa Rica and Nicaragua, Anderson puts forth a theory with broad implications for the study of peasant political behavior in Latin America and throughout the Third World. The Political Ecology of the Modern Peasant will be of interest not only to political scientists but also to anthropologists, sociologists, and students of developing countries and Latin America.
    Keywords: Comparative politics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPB Comparative politics
    Language: English
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    The Scourge of the Clergy (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Painter's Scourge of the Clergy is a biography of Peter of Dreux, who was the Count of Dreux from 1298 to 1345. This book engages in a conversation with specialists of medieval France and Brittany, given that Peter's career gives historians insight into the quarrels between church and state, the crusades of St. Louis, the struggles between French kings and vassals, and the rivalry of the Capetian and Plantagenet monarchies.
    Keywords: European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    The American as Anarchist (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Originally published in 1978. When compared with socialist and communist systems in other nations, the impact of radicalism on American society seems almost nonexistent. David DeLeon challenges this position, however, by presenting a historical and theoretical perspective for understanding the scope and significance of dissent in America. From Anne Hutchinson in colonial New England to the New Left of the 1960s, DeLeon underscores a tradition of radical protest that has endured in American history—a tradition of native anarchism that is fundamentally different from the radicalism of Europe, the Soviet Union, or nations of the Third World. DeLeon shows that a profound resistance to authority lies at the very heart of the American value system.The first part of the book examines how Protestant belief, capitalism, and even the American landscape itself contributed to the unique character of American dissent. DeLeon then looks at the actions and ideologies of all major forms of American radicalism, both individualists and communitarians, from laissez-faire liberals to anarcho-capitalists, from advocates of community control to syndicalists. In the book's final part, DeLeon argues against measuring the American experience by the standards of communism and other political systems. Instead he contends that American culture is far more radical than that of any socialist state and the implications of American radicalism are far more revolutionary than forms of Marxism-Leninism.
    Keywords: History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
    Language: English
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    Speech perception in complex acoustic environments (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Listeners with hearing impairments have difficulties understanding speech in the presence of background noise. Although prosthetic devices such as hearing aids and cochlear implants may improve the hearing capability, listeners with hearing impairments still complain about their speech perception in the presence of noise. The basic tonal audiometry only gives a cursory idea of the degree of difficulty in spoken communication caused by hearing loss because it does not assess the ability to understand speech. Therefore, the use of speech-in-noise tests to measure hearing loss in complex scenes is an integral part of a patient's audiological study. Most research has concentrated on studying only stationary sound sources, but in natural acoustic scenes, conversations may become very difficult to understand in the presence of moving sound sources such as a moving talker or a passing vehicle. Therefore, this thesis deals with quantifying speech perception in the presence of moving maskers through virtual sound sources presented binaurally via headphones. Significant differences in several conditions were found, revealing that the auditory system assesses differently the moving maskers than the stationary maskers. Therefore, the inclusion of moving conditions in clinical listening tests is recommended, in order to assess speech-in-noise perception in a more realistic environment.
    Keywords: Science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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    Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung von Kleinkläranlagen mittels Ökoeffizienzanalyse zur Ableitung von Produktverbesserungen (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Obwohl vollbiologische Kleinkläranlagen (KKA) als dauerhafte Lösung der Abwasserreinigung anerkannt sind und auch bereits in großem Umfang Anwendung finden, stehen Informationen zur ökologischen Nachhaltigkeit der Herstellung und des Betriebs dieser KKA bisher nicht zur Verfügung. Der vorliegende Abschlussbericht stellt die im Rahmen eines von der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU) geförderten Projekts entwickelten methodischen Ansätze zur Analyse und Bewertung der Ökoeffizienz von KKA vor. Der entwickelte Bewertungsansatz erfasst Umweltwirkungen und Ressourcenverbrauch über den gesamten Produktlebenszyklus, macht diese Wirkungen transparent und für die Bewertung zugänglich. Indem die Bewertung ökologische und ökonomische Aspekte verbindet, zeigt sie auch Abwägungsmöglichkeiten zwischen beiden auf. Damit liegen für KKA nun aussagekräftige, praxisgerechte Nachhaltigkeitsindikatoren und Bewertungsansätze vor, die vom Betreiber einer KKA als Entscheidungshilfe bei der Produktauswahl herangezogen werden können. Gleichzeitig werden den überwiegend mittelständischen Herstellern dieser Produktgruppe gezielte Ansatzpunkte für weitere umweltentlastende Verbesserungen aufgezeigt. Damit können die Ergebnisse kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmen auch zur Steigerung ihrer Wettbewerbs- und Innovationsfähigkeit verhelfen.
    Keywords: Business & Economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management
    Language: German
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    Akademische Resilienz (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: Das vorliegende Buch erforscht das Thema Resilienz und Vulnerabilität im Bereich von Bildung und Bildungssystem. Es handelt sich um eine interdisziplinäre Studie, die sich im Schnittbereich von Entwicklungspsychologie, positiver Psychologie, pädagogischer Psychologie und Bildungssoziologie befindet. Eine ausgedehnte theoretische Erörterung und eine minutiös aufbereitete quantitativ-empirische Untersuchung ermöglichen es, bildungssoziologische Sachverhalte und Ergebnisse der Selbstkonzeptforschung zusammenzuführen und sie in einen pädagogisch-psychologischen Erkenntnisraum zu rücken. Das bedeutet, die Studie ist auf mehreren Theorieebenen angesiedelt und untersucht personale Ressourcen (das schulische Selbstkonzept, die schulischen Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen, günstige Misserfolgsattributionen) und soziale Ressourcen (die Lehrkräfte als Bezugspersonen). Gerade letztere vermögen eine Resilienzentwicklung zu unterstützen: Lehrkräfte können durch eine konstruktive Feedback-Kultur positiv auf das schulische Selbstkonzept Einfluss nehmen, was insbesondere vulnerablen Jugendlichen hilft, ein vorhandenes Potenzial auszuschöpfen. Insgesamt sprechen die Resultate dafür, mehr Ressourcen für alle Kinder und Jugendlichen in verschiedenen Formen bereitzustellen. Denn Kinder und Jugendliche navigieren selbständig auf die Ressourcen, die sie brauchen, zu - dadurch kann Resilienz entstehen.
    Keywords: Social Science ; Education ; Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: German
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    Romantic Narrative (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Often identified with its lyric poetry, Romanticism has come to be dismissed by historicists as an ineffectual idealism. By focusing on Romantic narrative, noted humanist Tilottama Rajan takes issue with this identification, as well as with the equation of narrative itself with the governmental apparatus of the Novel. Exploring the role of narrativity in the works of Romantic writers, Rajan also reflects on larger disciplinary issues such as the role of poetry versus prose in an emergent modernity and the place of Romanticism itself in a Victorianized nineteenth century.While engaging both genres, Romantic Narrative responds to the current critical shift from poetry to prose by concentrating, paradoxically, on a poetics of narrative in Romantic prose fiction. Rajan argues that poiesis, as a mode of thinking, is Romanticism’s legacy to an age of prose. She elucidates this thesis through careful readings of Shelley’s Alastor and his Gothic novels, Godwin’s Caleb Williams and St. Leon, Hays’ Memoirs of Emma Courtney, and Wollstonecraft’s The Wrongs of Woman. Rajan, winner of the Keats-Shelley Association's Distinguished Lifetime Award and a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, is one of Romanticism’s leading scholars. Effective, articulate, and readable, Romantic Narrative will appeal to scholars in both nineteenth-century studies and narrative theory.
    Keywords: Literary studies: fiction, novelists & prose writers ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSK Literary studies: fiction, novelists and prose writers
    Language: English
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    Erfassung der Lehrqualität naturwissenschaftlicher Experimentalpraktika (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: Für Experimentalpraktika an deutschen Hochschulen wurden bisher Befunde erarbeitet, die zeigen, dass es erhebliche Unterschiede zwischen den intendierten Zielen und deren Realisierung gibt. Aus den Erkenntnissen der Praktikumsforschung und den Anforderungen guter Lehrevaluation erwuchs das theoretische, fächerübergreifende Modell der Praktikumsqualität. Der zugehörige Praktikumsqualitäts-Fragebogen (PraQ) wurde ratingbasiert für Studierende in insgesamt 18 Praktika im deutschsprachigen Raum erprobt (N = 1314). Die Testevaluationsstudien zu den Inhalten, zur Struktur und zur Konstruktvalidität zeigten Evidenzen für ein gelungenes Messinstrument. Die Analyse der Forschungsfragen brachte hervor, dass ein Qualitätsbenchmarking für Praktika mittels PraQ gelingt. Physikpraktika wurden in einigen Bereichen der Experimentellen Kompetenz und der Lehrkompetenz der Betreuenden besser bewertet als Chemiepraktika. Semesterpraktika wiesen eine deutlich bessere Betreuungsqualität auf als Blockpraktika, allerdings bewirkten sie teils geringere Kompetenzzuwächse, z. B. im Aufbauen der Versuchsanordnung und im Zeitmanagement. Als Konsequenz aus diesen Ergebnissen können die jeweiligen Stärken der Praktikumsformen in der Zukunft genauer beobachtet und zielgerichtete Interventionen für schwächere Praktika daraus abgeleitet werden.
    Language: German
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    Daniel Webster and Jacksonian Democracy (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Originally published in 1973. Professor Nathans illuminates the changes wrought by Jacksonian democracy on the career of Daniel Webster, a major political figure, and on the destiny of a major political party, the Whigs. Daniel Webster was a creative anachronism in the Jacksonian era. His career illustrates the fate of a generation of American politicians, reared to rule in a traditional world of defined social classes where gentlemen led and the masses followed. With extensive research into primary sources, Nathans interprets Webster as a leader in the older political tradition, hostile to permanent organized political parties and fearful of social strife that party conflict seemed to promote. He focuses on Webster's response to the rise of entrenchment of voter-oriented partisan politics. He analyzes Webster's struggle to survive, comprehend, and finally manipulate the new politics during his early opposition to Jackson; his roles in the Bank War and the nullification crisis; and the contest for leadership within the Whig Party from 1828 to 1844. Webster and the Whigs resisted and then belatedly attempted to answer the demands of the new egalitarian mass politics. When Webster failed as an apologist for government by the elite, he became a rhapsodist of American commercial enterprise. Seeking a new power base, he adapted his public style to the standards of simplicity and humility that the voters seemed to reward. Nathans shows, however, that Webster developed a realistic vision of the common bonds of Jacksonian society—of the basis for community—that would warrant anew the trust needed for the kind of leadership he offered. The meaning of Webster's career lies in these attempts to bridge the old and new politics, but his attempt was doomed to ironic and revealing failure. Nathans studies Webster's impact on the Whig party, showing that his influence was strong enough to thwart the ambitions of his rivals Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun but not strong enough to achieve his own aspirations. Nathans argues that Webster, through his efforts to increase his authority within the party, merely revealed his true weakness as a sectional leader. His successful blocking of Clay and Calhoun brought about a deadlock that significantly hastened the transfer of power to men more committed to strong party organization and more talented at voter manipulation. Webster's dilemma was the crisis of an entire political generation reared for a traditional world and forced to function in a modern one.
    Keywords: History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
    Language: English
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    Republic of Intellect (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: In the 1790s, a single conversational circle—the Friendly Club—united New York City's most ambitious young writers, and in Republic of Intellect, Bryan Waterman uses an innovative blend of literary criticism and historical narrative to re-create the club's intellectual culture. The story of the Friendly Club reveals the mutually informing conditions of authorship, literary association, print culture, and production of knowledge in a specific time and place—the tumultuous, tenuous world of post-revolutionary New York City. More than any similar group in the early American republic, the Friendly Club occupied a crossroads—geographical, professional, and otherwise—of American literary and intellectual culture. Waterman argues that the relationships among club members' novels, plays, poetry, diaries, legal writing, and medical essays lead to important first examples of a distinctively American literature and also illuminate the local, national, and transatlantic circuits of influence and information that club members called "the republic of intellect." He addresses topics ranging from political conspiracy in the gothic novels of Charles Brockden Brown to the opening of William Dunlap's Park Theatre, from early American debates on gendered conversation to the publication of the first American medical journal. Voluntary association and print culture helped these young New Yorkers, Waterman concludes, to produce a broader and more diverse post-revolutionary public sphere than scholars have yet recognized.
    Keywords: Literature: history & criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: English
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    The Liberal Education of Charles Eliot Norton (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: James Turner's biography offers the first modern account of Norton's life and its significance, following him from his perilous travels across India as a young merchant to his role as his country's preeminent cultural critic. Turner shows how Norton developed the key ideas that still underlie the humanities—historicism and culture—and how his influence endures in America's colleges and universities because of institutions he developed and models he devised.
    Keywords: History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
    Language: English
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    Das akademische Selbstkonzept angehender Physiklehrkräfte als Teil ihrer professionellen Identität (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Aktuelle Rahmenmodelle bilden den Prozess der Professionalisierung von Lehrkräften als ein sich zeitlich entwickelndes Zusammenspiel von fachlichen und persönlichen Dispositionen sowie situationsspezifischem professionellen Handeln ab. Dabei geht eine zunehmende Berücksichtigung der Lehrer*innenpersönlichkeit, insbesondere des professionellen Selbstverständnisses, einher. Professionalisierung und Identitätsentwicklung werden als gekoppelte Prozesse verstanden, Identität bildet somit sowohl einen persönlichen Faktor als auch eine Prozessvariable der Lehrer*innenbildung. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das akademische Selbstkonzept als eine Grundlage der professionellen Identität von Lehrkräften verstanden. Mit der Methodik der latenten Modellierung werden Hypothesen zur domänenspezifischen Struktur sowie zur Veränderung des akademischen Selbstkonzepts angehender Physiklehrkräfte während einer zentralen Praxisphase des Studiums untersucht. Es lassen sich empirisch drei trennbare Facetten des akademischen Selbstkonzepts nachweisen, welche mit den inhaltlichen Domänen des Lehramtsstudiums korrespondieren. Das Geschlecht der Studierenden beeinflusst den Zusammenhang zwischen bisheriger Praxiserfahrung und Selbstkonzeptentwicklung während der untersuchten Praxisphase. Die vorliegende Arbeit trägt dazu bei, die überwiegend qualitativen Analysen von Identitätsprozessen bei Studierenden durch den Einsatz eines theoretisch fundierten und klar umrissenen Konstrukts um eine quantitative Perspektive zu ergänzen.
    Language: German
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    Modellierung des Fachwissens von Lehrkräften in der Teilchenphysik (Volume 315) (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Die Teilchenphysik als Teilgebiet der modernen Physik gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung im schulischen Physikunterricht. In dieser Arbeit wird erstmalig das von Lehrkräften benötigte Fachwissen zur Teilchenphysik modelliert, wobei Fachwissen als ein Teil des Professionswissens verstanden wird. Als Fachwissensdimensionen werden die Inhaltsbereiche und die Wissensarten in den Fokus genommen, für welche jeweils Subfacetten identifiziert und präzise beschrieben werden. Nach einem überblick über die wesentlichen Ideen der Teilchenphysik wird in der Arbeit die sukzessive Modellierung des Fachwissens im Rahmen einer qualitativ und quantitativ angelegten Delphi-Studie vorgestellt. In drei Befragungsrunden wurden zwischen 35 und 65 internationale Expertinnen und Experten aus der teilchenphysikbezogenen Forschung (Fachwissenschaft und Fachdidaktik) und öffentlichkeitsarbeit (u.a. Wissenschaftsjournalismus) sowie erfahrene Lehrkräfte zu den für das Fachwissen relevanten Themen der Teilchenphysik befragt. Empirische Analysen der Befragungsrunden ergaben, dass sich die Dimension Inhaltsbereiche im deklarativen Wissen aus zehn teilchenphysikalischen Themen (z.B. Teilchen in der Hochenergiephysik, die vier fundamentalen Wechselwirkungen) zusammensetzt, von welchen sechs als besonders relevant eingeschätzt wurden. Im Anschluss an die letzte Befragungsrunde wurde theoriegeleitet eine erste Modellierung der Inhaltsbereiche für die Wissensarten des prozeduralen und konditionalen Wissens vorgenommen.
    Keywords: Science ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    The Concept of Meaninglessness (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Originally published in 1970. Many contemporary philosophers have thought that certain philosophic disputes could be settled by using the concept of meaninglessness. To solve philosophic problems in this way, however, it seemed necessary to provide a reliable criterion for deciding when a particular sentence or statement is meaningless. But devising such a criterion has proved to be very difficult. In fact, in recent years many philosophers have become quite skeptical about the adequacy of the standard criteria of meaninglessness. Some of the more radical skeptics have even argued that the concept of meaninglessness, as it is used by philosophers, is itself defective and would be even if an adequate criterion could be found. Professor Erwin, in a systematic study of the concept of meaninglessness, begins by examining the standard criteria of meaninglessness proposed by philosophers. These criteria include operationalist, verificationist, and type or category criteria. Each of these criteria, he argues, is inadequate. Erwin then turns to the question, What kinds of items, if any, should be said to be meaningless? Most philosophers concerned with this question have claimed that only sentences, not statements or propositions, can be meaningless. Erwin argues, however, that this is wrong: statements (and propositions) can be meaningless. Once this is demonstrated, it can then be shown that the more radical skepticism about the philosophic use of the concept of meaninglessness is misguided. In particular, Erwin shows that the following assertions of the radical skeptic are false: that what is meaningless is relative to a given language or to a given time, and that the concept of meaninglessness forces us to condemn as nonsense metaphors comprehensible to competent speakers of English. In his concluding chapter, Erwin considers the implications of there not being any adequate general criterion of meaninglessness. He then tries to show how the concept of meaninglessness, when interpreted in the manner he suggests, can be profitably used by philosophers, despite the many persuasive objections to its use that philosophers have raised in their disputes over it.
    Keywords: History of philosophy, philosophical traditions ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPC History of Western philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought
    Language: English
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    Jane Austen among Women (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Originally published in 1992. In an age when genteel women wrote little more than personal letters, how did Jane Austen manage to become a novelist? Was she an isolated genius who rose to fame through sheer talent? Did she draw strength from the support of her family or from women writers who went before her? In Jane Austen among Women, Deborah Kaplan argues that these explanations are either misleading or insufficient. Austen, Kaplan contends, participated actively in a women's culture that promoted female authority and achievement—a culture that not only helped her become a novelist but also influenced her fiction.
    Keywords: Literature: history & criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: English
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    The Papers of Thomas A. Edison (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This newest volume in the acclaimed Papers of Thomas A. Edison covers one year in the life of America's greatest inventor—1878. That year Edison, whom a New York newspaper in the spring first called "the Wizard of Menlo Park," developed the phonograph, one of his most famous inventions; made a breakthrough in the development of telephone transmitters, which made the instrument commercially viable; and announced the advent of domestic electric lighting, with only a few weeks' worth of tinkering necessary to complete its design (the announcement sent gas-company stocks plummeting; the research and development went on for four years).These inventions brought Edison financial support for his work and attention from the public. In January investors in the Edison Speaking Phonograph Company agreed to fund development work on the phonograph. The invention made Edison internationally famous and in May he traveled to Washington, D.C., to show the phonograph at the National Academy of Sciences, to Congress, and to President Rutherford B. Hayes at the White House. That same month Western Union agreed to pay Edison an annual salary of $6,000 for his telephone inventions, although other support from the company declined following the death of its president, William Orton. The stress of unceasing public attention, including a trans-Atlantic dispute over the question of who invented the microphone, led an exhausted Edison to travel west during the summer to witness a solar eclipse but also to seek rest. His six-week trip took him to San Francisco and the Yosemite region of California. Edison began working on electric lighting after his return and in October the Edison Electric Light Company was formed to support his research.
    Keywords: History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Empathisierer und Systematisierer im Vorschulalter (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Motivation wird als ein entscheidender Faktor für erfolgreiches Lernen betrachtet. Laut der Empathisierer-Systematisierer-Theorie hat jeder Mensch einen so genannten Brain Type, der sich aus unterschiedlich starken Anteilen zweier Dimensionen zusammensetzt. Menschen mit starkem Empathisierer-Anteil achten auf Emotionen und Beziehungen. Systematisierer sind Menschen mit starkem Interesse für Systeme und Strukturen. Es konnte bisher gezeigt werden, dass der Brain Type besser als das Geschlecht vorhersagt, ob ein Mensch ein naturwissenschaftliches Studium beginnt. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, zu überprüfen, ob Zusammenhänge zwischen der Motivation für die Beschäftigung mit Naturphänomenen und dem Brain Type auch im Vorschulbereich vorliegen. Dazu wurden Fragebogendaten und anhand von Videoaufnahmen erfasste Sichtstrukturen, die auf Motivation schließen lassen, miteinander korreliert. Die Ergebnisse zeigten erwartungsgemäß, dass nur Kinder mit einem großen Systematisierer-Anteil in beiden Lernumgebungen motiviert scheinen. Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Geschlecht eines Kindes und der Fokussierung auf die Lernumgebung ließen sich nicht erkennen. Ausgehend von den Ergebnissen lassen sich erste Hinweise für die Gestaltung von geeigneten Lernumgebungen für alle Kinder ableiten.
    Keywords: Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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    Collaborative Technologies and Data Science in Artificial Intelligence Applications (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: In September 2020, researchers from Armenia, Chile, Germany and Japan met at the American University of Armenia for a virtual conference to discuss technologies with applications in smart cities, data science and information theory approaches for intelligent systems, technical challenges for intelligent environments, smart human centered computing, artificial neural networks, and deep learning. This book presents their contributions to the 2nd CODASSCA workshop on collaborative technologies and data science in artificial intelligence applications, a highly topical issue in today's computer science.
    Keywords: Computers ; Computer Science ; Technology & Engineering ; Telecommunications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications
    Language: English
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    Gerard Manley Hopkins (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Originally published in 1966. In his lifetime, Gerard Manley Hopkins was known as a poet only by a small circle of his friends. More than any other major Victorian writer, he was recovered and presented as a poet to modern readers by editors and scholars of the first half of the twentieth century. This book analyzes how and to what extent the presuppositions of these critics have dictated the modern conception of Hopkins's work. Bender seeks to dispel, once and for all, the notion that Hopkins was a naïf poet. He provides an analysis of classical Greek and Latin rhetoric relative to the classical background of Hopkins's style and the structure in his poetry. He maintains that especially in Hopkins's more extreme work, such as "The Wreck of the Deutschland," there are precedents for the structure of the poem itself, the structure of the sentences within the poem, and its sensual and obscure imagery in the classical literature that Hopkins knew so well.Bender's study suggests two highly controversial positons: first, that although Hopkins is one of the most original voices in English, his poetry is within a tradition insufficiently recognized by modern critics; and second, that the effect of careful and sympathetic study of classical literature can induce quite the opposite of a neoclassical style in English.
    Keywords: Literature: history & criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: English
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    Private Practice (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-07-15
    Description: The beginning of the twentieth century marked the rise of advanced medical technologies, allowing doctors to diagnose and treat diseases in new ways. Although American physicians accepted the validity of the new science of medicine, they were sometimes reluctant to trust technology over their professional judgment or intuition. Likewise, patients raised their own suspicions about the new scientific tools, sometimes resisting or contradicting the advice of their physicians.Here Christopher Crenner examines a critical period in medical history, focusing on the office practice of Boston physician Richard Cabot. Intimate epistolary exchanges between Cabot and his patients shed light on the challenges presented by the new technologies—especially their impact on the personal relationships between doctor and patient—providing insight into a time of expanding science and radical change.
    Keywords: History of medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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    Bedingungen und Einstellungen (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Natürliche, ökonomische und soziokulturelle Bedingungen bestimmen das Leben menschlicher Individuen und Gruppen, die verschiedene Einstellungen gegenüber dem, was es gibt, entwickeln können und immer wieder lernen, mit dem Bestehenden auf unterschiedliche Weise umzugehen.
    Keywords: Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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    Abandoned Children of the Italian Renaissance (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: In the early development of the modern Italian state, individual orphanages were a reflection of the intertwining of politics and charity.Nearly half of the children who lived in the cities of the late Italian Renaissance were under fifteen years of age. Grinding poverty, unstable families, and the death of a parent could make caring for these young children a burden. Many were abandoned, others orphaned. At a time when political rulers fashioned themselves as the "fathers" of society, these cast-off children presented a very immediate challenge and opportunity.In Bologna and Florence, government and private institutions pioneered orphanages to care for the growing number of homeless children. Nicholas Terpstra discusses the founding and management of these institutions, the procedures for placing children into them, the children's daily routine and education, and finally their departure from these homes. He explores the role of the city-state and considers why Bologna and Florence took different paths in operating the orphanages. Terpstra finds that Bologna's orphanages were better run, looked after the children more effectively, and were more successful in returning their wards to society as productive members of the city's economy. Florence's orphanages were larger and harsher, and made little attempt to reintegrate children into society.Based on extensive archival research and individual stories, Abandoned Children of the Italian Renaissance demonstrates how gender and class shaped individual orphanages in each city's network and how politics, charity, and economics intertwined in the development of the early modern state.
    Keywords: European history: Renaissance ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Subjective Criticism (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Originally published in 1981. The meaning and objectives of literature, argues David Bleich, are created by the reader, who depends on community consensus to validate his or her judgements. Bleich proposes that the study of English be consciously reoriented from a knowledge-finding to a knowledge-making enterprise. This involves a new explanation of language acquisition in childhood, a psychologically disciplined concept of linguistic and literary response, and a recognition of the intellectual authority of pedagogical communities to originate and establish knowledge. Amplifying his theoretical model with subjective responses drawn from his own classroom experience, Bleich suggests ways in which the study of language and literature can become more fully integrated with each person's responsibility for what he or she knows.
    Keywords: Literary theory ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory
    Language: English
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    Southern Politics and the Second Reconstruction (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Originally published in 1975. This is a history of southern political life since the New Deal and World War II, encompassing a crucial epoch: an attempted Second Reconstruction of the South. The authors focus on the electoral response to candidates and issues. The authors contend that, despite the nationalizing and homogenizing forces that eroded much of the South's distinctiveness during the postwar years, the region's historical legacy perpetuated its distinctive patterns of cultural and political life. Further, the authors contend that despite the virtual destruction of the South's four inherited institutions of political sectionalism during the years of the Second Reconstruction—disenfranchisement, malapportionment, a one-party system, and de jure racial segregation—the new southern politics maintained a deep racial division that has militated against class coalitions, especially across racial lines, and has permitted government by relatively insulated elites.
    Keywords: History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
    Language: English
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    Technologieoffenheit und Realisierungsquote im Rechtsvergleich zwischen deutschen EEG-Ausschreibungen und brasilianischen Stromauktionen (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-11-15
    Description: Diese Arbeit systematisiert die bereits im Jahr 2005 eingeführten brasilianischen Stromauktionen erstmals umfassend und bewertet sie anhand von Experteninterviews und empirischen Erhebungen. Aus dem funktionalen Rechtsvergleich mit dem deutschen Ausschreibungsmodell ergeben sich wesentliche Erkenntnisse für das EEG 2017 im Bereich der Technologieoffenheit und der Realisierungsquote bezuschlagter Projekte. Denn die EEG-Ausschreibungen verstoßen infolge niedriger Teilnehmerzahlen in weiten Teilen gegen die unionsrechtliche Vorgabe der EE-Richtlinie 2018 zur wettbewerbsorientierten Vergabe von Fördermitteln. Zudem verfehlen sie die national gesetzten Ausbauziele. Als Lösungsvorschlag wird ein auf den brasilianischen Vorschriften basierender Regelungsentwurf zur automatischen technologieübergreifenden Umverteilung der ausgeschriebenen Leistung erarbeitet. Ferner zeigt diese Arbeit auf, dass die Regelungen des EEG 2017 Projektabbrüche kaum sanktionieren. Daher sollte erwogen werden, nach brasilianischem Vorbild Projektabbrüche mit dem Ausschluss von zukünftigen Ausschreibungen zu pönalisieren. A functional legal comparison of German renewable energy auctions, introduced comprehensively in 2017, with Brazilian energy auctions, introduced already in 2005, provides relevant insights for the German system. This work offers the first comprehensive systematisation of relevant Brazilian regulations, and assesses their effectiveness using expert interviews and empirical analysis. It highlights several solutions to problems regarding technology neutral auctions and the realisation rate of successful projects, that could be valuable for the German model. Due to low participant numbers, many German energy auctions violate the european energy directive of 2018, which states that the awarding of funding must be competition-oriented. This work proposes a solution to this problem, based on a similar mechanism adopted by Brazilian regulations, which automatically redistributes tendered capacity across different technologies. Legal comparisons made in this work demonstrate that project cancellations in Germany are not sanctioned sufficiently. As such, to ensure that expansion targets are met, it is worth considering following the Brazilian example of sanctioning project cancellations by limiting participation in future auctions.
    Keywords: Law ; Technology & Engineering ; Environmental ; Political Science ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government
    Language: German
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    Physik der Küste für außerschulische Lernorte (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Die in den vergangenen Jahren zahlreich entstandenen außerschulischen Lernorte an der deutschen Wattenmeerküste sind Ausdruck einer Differenzierung der dortigen Bildungslandschaft, in der schulisches durch non-formales Lernen im regionalen Kontext ergänzt wird. Die außerschulischen Lernorte zeichnet aus, dass sie ihren Besucherinnen und Besuchern Primärerfahrungen bieten, um die außergewöhnliche Dynamik und Sensitivität des Wattenmeeres zu verdeutlichen. Allerdings schöpfen die Lernorte ihr Potenzial für das außerschulische Physiklernen nicht aus, denn obwohl insbesondere Strömungen und Strukturbildungen (z. B. Rippel, Dünen und Priele) das Erscheinungsbild des Wattenmeers prägen und dessen Dynamik repräsentieren, werden in den Bildungsangeboten bisher fast ausschließlich biologische Inhalte behandelt. Deshalb ist physikdidaktische Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeit nötig, die durch eine Didaktische Rekonstruktion von Strömungen und Strukturbildungen geleistet wird. Hierzu gehört zunächst eine fachliche Klärung. Im Anschluss werden Lernendenvorstellungen untersucht, indem problemzentrierte Interviews entlang von Realexperimenten durchgeführt und einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse unterworfen werden. Auf Basis des Vergleichs zwischen fachlicher Sicht und Lernendensicht gilt es sodann, Bausteine für didaktische Strukturierungen zu entwickeln. Diese Bausteine werden schließlich eingesetzt, um gemeinsam mit den Lernortbetreibenden Bildungsangebote zu entwickeln, die auch physikalische Zusammenhänge zur Küstendynamik explizieren.
    Keywords: Science ; Earth Sciences ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Adultery in the Novel (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-07-15
    Description: Originally published in 1979. Adultery is a dominant feature in chivalric literature; it becomes a major concern in Shakespeare's last plays; and it forms the central plot of novels from Anna Karenina to Couples. Tony Tanner proposes that transgressions of the marriage contract take on a special significance in the "bourgeois novels" of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. His interpretation begins with the general topic of adultery in literature and then zeroes in on three works—Rousseau's La Nouvelle Héloïse, Goethe's Die Wahlverwandtschaften, and Flaubert's Madame Bovary. His interpretation encompasses the role of women, the structure of the family, social mores, and the history of sexuality.
    Keywords: Sex & sexuality, social aspects ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFM Ethical issues & debates::JFMP Ethical issues: pornography & obscenity
    Language: English
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    Effective two dimensional theories for multi-layered plates (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This work introduces a family of effective plate theories for multilayered materials with internal misfit. This is done for scaling laws ranging from Kirchhoff's theory to the linearised von Kármán one. An intermediate von Kármán-like theory is introduced to play a central interpolating role with a new parameter which switches between the adjacent regimes. After proving the necessary Gamma-convergence and compactness results, minimising configurations are characterised. Finally, the interpolating theory is numerically approximated using a discrete gradient flow and the relevant Gamma-convergence and compactness results for the discretisation are proved. This provides empirical evidence for the existence of a critical region of the parameter around which minimisers experience a stark qualitative change.
    Keywords: Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics
    Language: English
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    Ein neuer Algorithmus zur Untersuchung der Kohomologie der Steenrod-Algebra (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Der Autor untersucht in dieser Arbeit die Kohomologie der Steenrod-Algebra, hauptsächlich zur Primzahl p = 2. Vorgestellt wird ein Lemma, das sowohl computergestützte Berechnung, wie auch die anschließ,ende Untersuchung einer minimalen Auflösung dieser Algebra vereinfacht. Der theoretische Hintergrund dieses Lemmas ist in der für Kohomologiefragen seit langem bekannten Bedeutung elementar-abelscher Untergruppen zu suchen, die hier in der Gestalt der internen Margolis-Differentiale der Algebra auftreten. Auf diesem Hintergrund wird ein Algorithmus gewonnen, der das Rechnen in bisher unerreichbaren Dimensionen erlaubt: mit vertretbarem Rechenaufwand erhalten wir eine minimale Auflösung, die bis zur Dimension 210 vollständig ist. Vorher war nur circa die Hälfte dieses Bereichs bekannt.
    Keywords: Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics
    Language: German
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    William Marshal (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Originally published in 1933. As mediaeval society was dominated by the feudal caste, a biography that depicts the position, activities, manners, and thoughts of a member of that class might do much to elucidate the history of the period. This is what Sidney Painter had in mind when he wrote a William Marshal: Knight-Errant, Baron, and Regent of England. The subject has proved a peculiarly fortunate one. The fourth son of John fitz Gilbert, marshal of the king's court, William for the first forty years of his life was a landless knight who devoted most of his time and energy to tournaments. In the year 1189 by his marriage to the daughter and heiress of Earl Richard of Pembroke, William became a great feudal lord with fiefs in Normandy, England, Wales, and Ireland. Thus his biography depicts the two extremes of feudal society—the landless knight and the rich baron. Finally in 1216 he was chosen regent of England for the young king, Henry III, and his biography becomes for three years the history of England.
    Keywords: European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Scientific Knowledge and Philosophic Thought (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Originally published in 1986. Are there two kinds of problems—the scientific and the philosophic—each requiring different methods for solution? Or are there, rather, two different ways of approaching a problem, each yielding a different answer according to the method used? Biomedical researcher Sir Harold Himsworth urges scientists not to shy away from using scientific methods to grapple with problems traditionally accepted as belonging to the province of philosophy. The difference between science and philosophy lies not in the problems to which they are directed, Himsworth argues, but rather in the methods they use for solving them. To the scientist, a proposition is something to be investigated; to the philosopher, something to be accepted as a basis for thought. Since the development of the scientific method, substantial progress has been made toward mastering problems in the natural environment. If we are ever to attain a degree of control over problems that derive from human activities, Himsworth claims that we only succeed by approaching them in a comparably objective way.
    Keywords: Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science
    Language: English
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    Nobles in Nineteenth-Century France (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-15
    Description: Originally published in 1987. David Higgs's Nobles in Nineteenth-Century France: The Practice of Inegalitarianism provides a history of the nobility against the backdrop of changing French political conditions following the French Revolution. Since Jean Juarès, the influential historian of the French Revolution, many writers have argued that the French Revolution marked the political triumph of a capitalist bourgeoisie over a landed aristocracy. However, beginning with Alfred Cobban, some historians began to question this account by focusing on the continued presence of the nobility in France. This book contributes to this body of work by giving a panorama of the French nobility and three detailed case studies of noble families; the author then concludes with an examination of the nobility in political life, the church, and the private sphere. Professor Higgs finds that French nobles changed with their century, but given their small numbers in the national population, they maintained a grossly disproportionate presence in politics, in culture, among the wealthiest landowners, and in economic life.
    Keywords: Political science & theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory
    Language: English
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    Science Education (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Diese Studie bietet eine systematische Zusammenfassung der empirischen Forschungen in der Science Education, der internationalen Didaktik der Naturwissenschaften. Dieses Forschungsfeld hat seit einiger Zeit einen großen Einfluss auf die deutschen Fachdidaktiken und auf das Verständnis von Didaktik generell. Das gesamte Feld der Science Education wird methodisch durchsucht, geordnet und analysiert. Für Didaktiker an Universitäten, Lehrer an Schulen und Schüler, die ihr eigenes Lernen strukturieren möchten, entsteht so ein umfassender Überblick. Diese Orientierung im Feld ermöglicht es auch, die deutschen Didaktiken kritisch einzuschätzen und in ihren Entwicklungen zu diskutieren. Im Einzelnen werden untersucht: begin{itemize item die großen übergreifenden Kulturen und pädagogischen Trends (Inklusion, Assessments, Professionstwicklung), item die verschiedenen Arten, Didaktik als Wissenschaft zu betreiben (Begründen, Beschreiben, Erklären, Beweisen), item die Forschungsprogramme der Science Education (Conceptual Change, Model-Based Reasoning, Scientific Literacy, Attitudes and Interests, Learning Progressions, Science-Technology-Society, Socio-Scientific Issues, History and Philosophy of Science, Nature of Science). end{itemize
    Keywords: Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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    Strömung von Granulaten in Zentrifugal-Partikelreceivern (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Zentrifugal-Partikelreceiver stellen eine neuartige Komponente für die konzentrierende solare Energiegestehung (CSP) dar. Sie werden in punktfokussierenden CSP-Kraftwerken eingesetzt und gehören - im Gegensatz zu den bereits im Markt befindlichen indirekt absorbierenden Rohrreceivern - der Gruppe der direktabsorbierenden Receiver an. Als Wärmeträgermedium wird hierbei Granulat genutzt, wie beispielsweise Bauxit-Proppants. Bauxit als Wärmeträgermedium ermöglicht höhere Prozesswirkungsgrade aufgrund von höheren Anwendungstemperaturen als in aktuell kommerziell eingesetzten, indirekt absorbierenden Systemen. Gleichzeitig ist Bauxit-Granulat als Wärmespeichermedium einsetzbar, da es besonders kostengünstig ist. Das Potential des Zentrifugal-Partikelreceiver wurde bereits erfolgreich in einem 15kWth Laborreceiver am Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. bewiesen. Darauf aufbauend verfolgt diese Arbeit das Ziel, die Strömungsmechanik von fließenden Granulaten zu modellieren.
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; Construction ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials
    Language: German
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    Der Einfluss von Betreuung und Betreuenden auf die Wirksamkeit von Schülerlaborbesuchen (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Die Arbeit zeigt die positiven affektiven Wirkungen des außerschulischen Lernortes Schülerlabor und repliziert damit frühere Arbeiten zu Schülerlaboren. Darüber hinaus wird der Einfluss von Betreuenden und Betreuung auf diese Wirksamkeit erstmals im Rahmen einer systematischen Untersuchung betrachtet und ein Wirkmodell abgeleitet. Die Besonderheit der vorliegenden Studie ist es, dass sie über diese allgemein formulierten Zusammenhänge hinaus aufzeigt, wie sich neben dem Professionswissen von Betreuenden auch die soziale Kompetenz auf die einzelnen Aspekte von wahrgenommener Betreuungsqualität auswirkt und wie diese wiederum affektive und kognitive Zielvariablen beeinflussen. Analysiert wurden die Angaben von 1490 Lernenden (Klassenstufe 9 bis 13 - Fragebogen im Pre-Post-Design) und 13 Betreuenden (Professionswissenstest für Betreuende). Methodisch erfolgte die Auswertung der Hypothesen durch Pre-Post-Vergleiche mittels Signifikanztests unter Angabe der Effektstärke (Cohens d). Die Untersuchung der Zusammenhänge wurde im Rahmen der Forschungsfrage durch Mehrebenenanalysen durchgeführt, mit denen Regressionen unter Beachtung der hierarchischen Struktur der Stichprobe möglich sind. Ein Strukturgleichungsmodell setzt die gefundenen Zusammenhänge miteinander in Verbindung und prüft diese im Sinne eines Gesamtmodells.
    Language: German
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    Was beeinflusst den Erfolg beim Problemlösen in der Physik? (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Problemlösen ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für das Handeln in allen Bereichen des Lebens: In einfachen Alltagssituationen, bei (natur-) wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen oder bei komplexeren gesellschaftlich relevanten Problemen spielt die Lösung von Problemen eine Rolle. Im Bereich der Physik werden insbesondere innerhalb des schulischen und universitären Kontextes Probleme bearbeitet. Die täglichen Erfahrungen des Lehrbetriebs an Hochschulen machen jedoch deutlich, dass Teile der Studierenden große Schwierigkeiten haben, Probleme erfolgreich zu lösen. Die Diskrepanz zwischen der Wichtigkeit des Problemlösens und den Schwierigkeiten, die Studierenden dabei haben, ist der Ausgangspunkt für die zentrale Fragestellung der vorliegenden Arbeit: Was unterscheidet "gute" von "schlechten" Problemlösern und welche Faktoren beeinflussen den Erfolg beim Problemlösen? Die Arbeit fokussiert hierbei auf Probleme aus dem Themenfeld der Mechanik. Mit Hilfe einer empirischen Untersuchung wird dazu beigetragen, bereits bekannte Erkenntnisse aus der traditionsreichen Forschung zum Problemlösen zu bestätigen, zu quantifizieren und zueinander in Beziehung zu setzen. Es werden sowohl quantitative als auch qualitative Eigenschaften "guter" und "schlechter" Problemlöser herausgearbeitet - gute Problemlöser können beispielsweise auf mehr Fachwissen zurückgreifen, besitzen ein höheres Selbstkonzept und machen weniger Planungsfehler beim Bearbeiten physikalischer Problemstellungen.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    The Venetian Money Market (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The long awaited conclusion to the magisterial Money and Banking in Medieval and Renaissance Venice.Originally published in 1997. In 1985 Frederic C. Lane and Reinhold C. Mueller published the magisterial Money and Banking in Medieval and Renaissance Venice, volume 1: Coins and Moneys of Account. Now, after ten years of further research and writing, Reinhold Mueller completes the work that he and the late Frederic Lane began. The history of money and banking in Venice is crucial to an understanding of European economic history. Because of its strategic location between East and West, Venice rapidly rose to a position of preeminence in Mediterranean trade. To keep trade moving from London to Constantinople and beyond, Venetian merchants and bankers created specialized financial institutions to serve private entrepreneurs and public administrators: deposit banks, foreign exchange banks, a grain office, and a bureau of the public debt. This new book clarifies Venice's pivotal role in Italian and international banking and finance. It also sets banking—and panics—in the context of more generalized and recurrent crises involving territorial wars, competition for markets, and debates over interest rates and the question of usury.
    Keywords: European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Case Kritis - Fallstudien zur IT-Sicherheit in Kritischen Infrastrukturen (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: Kritische Infrastrukturen bilden das Rückgrat unserer Gesellschaft. Fallen sie aus, kaskadieren die Auswirkungen schnell und können katastrophale Folgen haben. Wie andere Unternehmen sind auch Kritische Infrastrukturen weitgehend von Informationstechnik durchdrungen und nicht selten von deren fehlerfreier Funktion abhängig. Es wundert somit nicht, dass auch der Gesetzgeber angemessene Maßnahmen verlangt. Aber welchen speziellen Herausforderungen stehen Kritische Infrastrukturen dabei gegenüber? Und wie kann diesen wirksam und effizient begegnet werden? Dieses Buch bündelt neun Lösungen aus der Praxis, die Good Practices von Betreibern Kritischer Infrastrukturen, beispielgebende Projekte und Technologien aufzeigen und deren Erfolgsfaktoren mögliche Antworten auf diese Fragen geben. Der Band enthält Fachbeiträge zu folgenden Themen: - Gesetzliche Anforderungen an die IT-Sicherheit in Deutschland und Europa - Stand der Technik im Bereich der IT-Sicherheit Kritischer Infrastrukturen - Umsetzung im Unternehmen: Von der IT-Sicherheit zu Innovation
    Language: German
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    Dynamic iteration and model order reduction for magneto-quasistatic systems (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Our world today is becoming increasingly complex, and technical devices are getting ever smaller and more powerful. The high density of electronic components together with high clock frequencies leads to unwanted side-effects like crosstalk, delayed signals and substrate noise, which are no longer negligible in chip design and can only insufficiently be represented by simple lumped circuit models. As a result, different physical phenomena have to be taken into consideration since they have an increasing influence on the signal propagation in integrated circuits. Computer-based simulation methods play thereby a key role. The modelling and analysis of complex multi-physics problems typically leads to coupled systems of partial differential equations and differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). Dynamic iteration and model order reduction are two numerical tools for efficient and fast simulation of coupled systems. Formodelling of low frequency electromagnetic field, we use magneto-quasistatic (MQS) systems which can be considered as an approximation to Maxwells equations. A spatial discretization by using the finite element method leads to a DAE system. We analyze the structural and physical properties of this system and develop passivity-preserving model reduction methods. A special block structure of the MQS model is exploited to to improve the performance of the model reduction algorithms.
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; Electronics ; Mathematics ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    American Catholics in the Protestant Imagination (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-15
    Description: Michael P. Carroll argues that the academic study of religion in the United States continues to be shaped by a "Protestant imagination" that has warped our perception of the American religious experience and its written history and analysis.In this provocative study, Carroll explores a number of historiographical puzzles that emerge from the American Catholic story as it has been understood through the Protestant tradition. Reexamining the experience of Catholicism among Irish immigrants, Italian Americans, Acadians and Cajuns, and Hispanics, Carroll debunks the myths that have informed much of this history.Shedding new light on lived religion in America, Carroll moves an entire academic field in new, exciting directions and challenges his fellow scholars to open their minds and eyes to develop fresh interpretations of American religious history.
    Keywords: Protestantism & Protestant Churches ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRC Christianity::HRCC Christian Churches & denominations::HRCC9 Protestantism & Protestant Churches
    Language: English
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    Updated Evidence and Policy Developments on Reducing Gun Violence in America (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-15
    Description: This digital update to Reducing Gun Violence in America presents new evidence and developments in the effort to address the staggering toll of gun violence in the United States.In 2013—in the wake of the tragic shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School—Johns Hopkins University Press published Reducing Gun Violence in America, a collection of essays written by the world’s leading experts on gun violence. Updated Evidence and Policy Developments on Reducing Gun Violence in America follows up on the state of American gun violence by analyzing new data, research, and policy developments one year after Sandy Hook. Over the course of ten substantive chapter addendums, contributors bring readers up-to-date on such varied topics as mental illness, domestic violence, background checks, illegal gun sales, and personalized guns. They describe the recent policy measures that have been enacted and suggest additional approaches that may help stem the violence. An essential companion to Reducing Gun Violence in America, the reliable, empirical research and legal analysis in this e-book will help lawmakers, opinion leaders, and concerned citizens identify policy changes to address gun violence, which takes an average of more than 80 lives every day in the United States.
    Keywords: Public health & preventive medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine
    Language: English
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    The Dome and the Rock (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Originally published in 1968. In The Dome and the Rock: Structure in the Poetry of Wallace Stevens, James Baird traces the process of Wallace Steven's Grand Poem and the total structure that it accomplished in language. In the words of Professor Baird, "The full art of Stevens is organized with architectural precision. The shape of the mind becomes a building, the framework of which is founded in a willed symmetry of design." In The Dome and the Rock, James Baird exposes the capacity of Wallace Stevens to design his poetry in a manner similar to an architect, and he "reveals the craftsmanship of [Wallace's] acts as builder."
    Keywords: Literature: history & criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: English
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    Dressing Modern Frenchwomen (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: At a glance, high fashion and feminism seem unlikely partners. Between the First and Second World Wars, however, these forces combined femininity and modernity to create the new, modern French woman. In this engaging study, Mary Lynn Stewart reveals the fashion industry as an integral part of women's transition into modernity. Analyzing what female columnists in fashion magazines and popular women novelists wrote about the "new silhouette," Stewart shows how bourgeois women feminized the more severe, masculine images that elite designers promoted to create a hybrid form of modern that both emancipated women and celebrated their femininity. She delves into the intricacies of marketing the new clothes and the new image to middle-class women and examines the nuts and bolts of a changing industry—including textile production, relationships between suppliers and department stores, and privacy and intellectual property issues surrounding ready-to-wear couture designs. Dressing Modern Frenchwomen draws from thousands of magazine covers, advertisements, fashion columns, and features to uncover and untangle the fascinating relationships among the fashion industry, the development of modern marketing techniques, and the evolution of the modern woman as active, mobile, and liberated.
    Keywords: European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    The Play and Place of Criticism (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Originally published in 1967. In The Play and Place of Criticism, Professor Krieger addresses basic questions related to criticism in the title essay that forms the introduction to this collection and that constitutes a considered statement of his "contextualist" position. In agreement with Spitzer, Krieger believes that the critic has a valuable part to play in relating the "new words" of the individual poem to the "old words" of the language. He goes further in identifying the role of the critic as essentially rhapsodic, a sharing-in and an expression of the poet's "fine frenzy," which, when it succeeds, transports the critic beyond words and dooms his analytical efforts to failure. Thus, while defending the critic's right to exercise "the free play of the mind" in approaching his subject, the author insists that the critic recognize his subordinate "place" in performing his act of mediation. Elsewhere in the volume Krieger uses other terms and metaphors to explore similar problems revolving around the mediate and the immediate in poetry and criticism. In calling for a poetry of "still movement," for example, he examines both the opposition and the union of temporal with spatial or plastically formal elements, of the dynamically empirical with the statically archetypal. Having defined his critical position in these ways, Krieger relates it to other schools of criticism and applies its methods to the analysis of works by Shakespeare, Pope, Arnold, Hawthorne, and others.
    Keywords: Literary theory ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory
    Language: English
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    Teachers' Beliefs and Strategies when Teaching Reading in Multilingual Settings (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: Globalization has not only changed our society, it has also had a profound effect on education. Many schools deal with student populations that due to migration have become increasingly multilingual. Politically, few would argue against the importance of multilingualism; rather, it is promoted to the fullest. However, in practical terms the challenges associated with teaching and educational policies have increased manifold as a result of the linguistic diversity among student bodies. Reading is certainly regarded as a key learning skill, however, the question arises as to how the students' life-world multilingualism is taken into consideration. Furthermore, being considered part of teachers' professional competence, teachers' mental processes and perceptions (beliefs) have been the focus in several different academic fields. Previous research suggests that there are significant links between teachers' beliefs and practices. This thesis explores the aforementioned aspects in greater detail, with the overall aim to gain a deeper understanding of teachers' beliefs and strategies when teaching reading in multilingual settings. Using a cross-disciplinary, qualitative research approach, the empirical inquiry is based on case studies within different, linguistically diverse settings. The case studies include classroom observations as well as teacher interviews in German, Swedish and Chilean grade 4 classrooms.
    Keywords: Social Science ; Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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    Kompetenzaufbau zum experimentbezogenen Denken und Arbeiten (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Experimentieren kann nicht nur dazu beitragen, fachinhaltliche Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen, sondern auch selbst Lerngegenstand sein. Wenig geklärt ist bisher, wie beim Experimentieren gelernt wird, worauf zu achten ist. Unklar ist auch, welche fachmethodischen Vorstellungen Lernende beim Planen, Durchführen und Auswerten aktivieren. Diesen Fragen wurde mithilfe einer schriftlichen Instruktion nachgegangen, die Lernende (Jg. 11) anregt, nicht nur Experimente durchzuführen, sondern auch über fachmethodische Grundlagen nachzudenken. Die Arbeitsphasen wurden für 42 Schülergruppen videografiert und kategorienbasiert ausgewertet, um Aussagen über Aktivitätsprofile, Vorstellungen und Kompetenzveränderungen zu generieren. Die Ergebnisse belegen die Komplexität von Lernprozessen und zeigen die Schwierigkeit, individuelle Kompetenzzuwächse auf bestimmte Prozesse zurückzuführen. Zum Beispiel konnten hohe Kompetenzzuwächse sowohl für Lernende mit häufigen fachmethodischen Beiträgen als auch für solche mit nur geringen fachmethodischen Aktivitäten festgestellt werden. Des Weiteren gehen experimentell angemessene Aktivitäten in erkennbaren Anteilen mit fachmethodisch unpassenden Vorstellungen einher, wie z.,B. bei einer korrekt vorgenommenen, aber falsch begründeten Trennung zwischen einer Beobachtung und einer Deutung. Die Arbeit liefert damit Hinweise, dass Lernende neben fachinhaltlichen auch fachmethodische Vorstellungen in den Unterricht mitbringen. Diese gilt es z.,B. durch explizite und wiederholte Thematisierung zu adressieren.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Daily Demonstrators (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-07-15
    Description: The Mennonites, with their long tradition of peaceful protest and commitment to equality, were castigated by the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. for not showing up on the streets to support the civil rights movement. Daily Demonstrators shows how the civil rights movement played out in Mennonite homes and churches from the 1940s through the 1960s.In the first book to bring together Mennonite religious history and civil rights movement history, Tobin Miller Shearer discusses how the civil rights movement challenged Mennonites to explore whether they, within their own church, were truly as committed to racial tolerance and equality as they might like to believe. Shearer shows the surprising role of children in overcoming the racial stereotypes of white adults. Reflecting the transformation taking place in the nation as a whole, Mennonites had to go through their own civil rights struggle before they came to accept interracial marriages and integrated congregations.Based on oral history interviews, photographs, letters, minutes, diaries, and journals of white and African-American Mennonites, this fascinating book further illuminates the role of race in modern American religion.
    Keywords: Protestantism & Protestant Churches ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRC Christianity::HRCC Christian Churches & denominations::HRCC9 Protestantism & Protestant Churches
    Language: English
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    Minimal Theologies (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Originally published in in 2004. What, at this historical moment "after Auschwitz," still remains of the questions traditionally asked by theology? What now is theology's minimal degree? This magisterial study, the first extended comparison of the writings of Theodor W. Adorno and Emmanuel Levinas, explores remnants and echoes of religious forms in these thinkers' critiques of secular reason, finding in the work of both a "theology in pianissimo" constituted by the trace of a transcendent other. The author analyzes, systematizes, and formalizes this idea of an other of reason. In addition, he frames these thinkers' innovative projects within the arguments of such intellectual heirs as Jürgen Habermas and Jacques Derrida, defending their work against later accusations of "performative contradiction" (by Habermas) or "empiricism" (by Derrida) and in the process casting important new light on those later writers as well. Attentive to rhetorical and rational features of Adorno's and Levinas's texts, his investigations of the concepts of history, subjectivity, and language in their writings provide a radical interpretation of their paradoxical modes of thought and reveal remarkable and hitherto unsuspected parallels between their philosophical methods, parallels that amount to a plausible way of overcoming certain impasses in contemporary philosophical thinking. In Adorno, this takes the form of a dialectical critique of dialectics; in Levinas, that of a phenomenological critique of phenomenology, each of which sheds new light on ancient and modern questions of metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics. For the English-language publication, the author has extensively revised and updated the prize-winning German version.
    Keywords: Phenomenology & Existentialism ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPC History of Western philosophy::HPCF Western philosophy, from c 1900 -::HPCF3 Phenomenology & Existentialism ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHR Western philosophy from c 1800::QDHR5 Phenomenology and Existentialism
    Language: English
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    The Pathos of the Real (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: This book is about the ambition, in a set of paradigmatic writers of the twentieth century, to simultaneously enlist and break the spell of the real—their fascination with the spectacle of violence and suffering—and the difficulties involved in capturing this kind of excess by aesthetic means.The works at the center of this study—by Franz Kafka, Georges Bataille, Claude Simon, Peter Weiss, and Heiner Müller—zero in on scenes of agony, destruction, and death with an astonishing degree of precision and detail. The strange and troubling nature of the appeal engendered by these sights is the subject of The Pathos of the Real. Robert Buch shows that the spectacles of suffering conjured up in these texts are deeply ambivalent, available neither to cathartic relief nor to the sentiment of compassion. What prevails instead is a peculiar coincidence of opposites: exaltation and resignation; disfiguration and transfiguration; agitation and paralysis.Featuring the experiences of violent excess in strongly visual and often in expressly pictorial terms, the works expose the nexus between violence and the image in twentieth-century aesthetics. Buch explores this tension between visual and verbal representation by drawing on the rhetorical notion of pathos as both insurmountable suffering and codified affect and the psychoanalytic notion of the real, that is, the disruption of the symbolic order.In dialogue with a diverse group of thinkers, from Erich Auerbach and Aby Warburg to Alain Badiou and Jacques Lacan, The Pathos of the Real advances an innovative new framework for rethinking the aesthetics of violence in the twentieth century.
    Keywords: Literature: history & criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: English
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    Strategisch konsistente Gestaltung junger, wachstumsorientierter Industrieunternehmen (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Die zentralen Stellgrößen im Rahmen der strategischen Unternehmensplanung sind die Produkt-Markt-Strategie, die Technologiestrategie, die Organisationsstruktur und die Unternehmenskultur. Jeder dieser vier strategischen Aktionsparameter verfügt über alternative Ausprägungen. Das Ziel der strategischen Unternehmensführung muss es sein, diese Ausprägungen sowohl untereinander (Konsistenz) als auch mit der Unternehmensumwelt (Kongruenz) in Einklang zu bringen. Solche widerspruchsfreien Konfigurationen werden auch "Gestalten" genannt und sind die Grundlage einer effektiven Gesamtunternehmensstrategie. Robert Wittmann entwickelt einen Entscheidungsrahmen, der als praktische Gestaltungshilfe für die strategische Unternehmensführung dienen soll. Die Konzentration auf Industrieunternehmen am Anfang ihres Lebenszyklus bietet dabei die Möglichkeit, die Gesamtunternehmensbetrachtung beizubehalten und zugleich ausreichend konkrete Erkenntnisse zu sammeln. Zu diesem Zweck werden zunächst die alternativen idealtypischen Ausprägungen der vier strategischen Aktionsparameter herausgearbeitet. Im Anschluss separiert der Autor sukzessive die konsistenten von den inkonsistenten (Teil-)Konfigurationen unter Berücksichtigung des Zielkonflikts zwischen Effizienz und Flexibilität. Vor dem Hintergrund des interdependenten Charakters des Planungsproblems unterbreitet er außerdem einen begründeten Vorschlag zur Planungsreihenfolge der vier strategischen Aktionsparameter in praktischen Planungssituationen.
    Language: German
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    The Papers of Thomas A. Edison (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The fifth volume of The Papers of Thomas A. Edison covers Edison's invention and development of the first commercial incandescent electric light and power system. In the process he turned his famed Menlo Park laboratory into the first true research and development facility. This also enabled him to develop a new telephone for the British market in the midst of his herculean efforts on electric lighting.In the face of daunting technical challenges and skepticism from leading scientists and engineers, Edison and his team of experimenters and machinists found the solution to the decades-old problem of creating a practical incandescent lamp. By focusing on the characteristics of the entire system Edison reconceptualized the requirements of a successful lamp design. While rivals worked primarily on lamps, Edison developed other parts of a complete system as well. This approach was most notable in his revolutionary work on generator technology, one of the highlights of this volume. Successful exhibitions of the system in December 1879 drew crowds to Menlo Park to witness the softly glowing lamps. These spectacles gratified his financial backers but Edison realized the importance of following experimental demonstrations with the hard work of commercial development. He needed to make each component work effectively in daily use and to improve the designs so that they were easy to use and inexpensive to manufacture. To create a daytime market for electricity he also developed electric motors for a variety of uses, including electric railways, for which he built a small demonstration line at Menlo Park. To accomplish all this Edison greatly enlarged his staff to as many as sixty experimenters, machinists, carpenters, and office workers. He began manufacturing lamps at a factory in Menlo Park. At the end of 1880, Edison was ready to move his system into commercial production and made plans to produce other components in New York. He also invited New York officials to a demonstration in order to win their approval for running underground lines in lower Manhattan where he planned to put his first commercial central station. In March 1881, he moved to the Edison Electric Light Company's headquarters on Fifth Avenue and began the hard work of introducing the new electric light and power technology.
    Keywords: History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
    Language: English
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    Modelle als Mittel der Erkenntnisgewinnung im Chemieunterricht der Sekundarstufe I (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Das Nutzen von Modellen ist konstitutiv für die Fachwissenschaft der Chemie und in der Folge auch für chemiebezogene Lehr-/Lernumgebungen. Um die Modellnutzung im schulischen Chemieunterricht erfolgreich zu integrieren, bedarf es daher der systematischen Aufbereitung des vielschichtigen Begriffs "Modell", der Verknüpfung mit kompetenzorientierten Bildungsstandards sowie der Prüfung der theoretischen Konzeptualisierung an empirischen Befunden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde zu diesem Zweck ein chemiespezifischer Begriffsvorschlag gemacht, der erkenntnistheoretische und fachdidaktische Arbeiten in einem messbaren Strukturvorschlag für die hypothetisch-deduktive Modellnutzung synthetisiert. Die so erhaltene Beschreibung von Modellobjekten mit vier hierarchisch geschachtelten Modellkomponenten (kleinste Sinneinheiten, Relationen, Operationen, Regeln) wurde für problemorientierte Multiple-Choice-Leistungsaufgaben operationalisiert. Nach mehreren qualitativen und quantitativen Iterationen zur Qualitätssicherung des Testinstruments blieb diese Vierdimensionalität nach Item-Response-Theorie-Skalierungen empirisch plausibel und kann zukünftig zur Orientierung in einem sehr heterogenen Begriffsfeld dienen. Die Studie zeigt, dass die vorgeschlagene Strukturierung von Modellnutzung in der Chemie zielführend ist und trägt auf diese Weise zu einer übersichtlicheren Anwendung beim Lehren und Lernen von Chemie bei.
    Keywords: Philosophy ; Education ; Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: German
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    American Labor, Congress, and the Welfare State, 1935–2010 (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-15
    Description: Despite achieving monumental reforms in the United States such as the eight-hour workday, a federal minimum wage, and workplace health and safety laws, organized labor’s record on much of its agenda has been mixed. Tracy Roof’s sweeping examination of labor unions and the American legislative process explains how this came to be and what it means for American workers.Tracing a 75-year arc in labor movement history, Roof discusses the complex interplay between unions and Congress, showing the effects of each on the other, how the relationship has evolved, and the resulting political outcomes. She analyzes labor’s success at passing legislation and pushing political reform in the face of legislative institutional barriers such as the Senate filibuster and an entrenched and powerful committee structure, looks at the roots and impact of the interdependent relationship between the Democratic Party and the labor movement, and assesses labor’s prospects for future progress in creating a comprehensive welfare state. Roof’s original investigation details the history, actions, and consequences of major policy battles over areas such as labor law reform and health care policy. In the process, she brings to light practical and existential questions for labor leaders, scholars, and policy makers.Although American labor remains a force within the political process, decades of steadily declining membership and hostile political forces pose real threats to the movement. Roof’s shrewd exploration of unions, Congress, and the political process challenges conventional explanations for organized labor’s political failings.
    Keywords: Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government
    Language: English
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    Walther Rathenau and the Weimar Republic (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-15
    Description: Originally published in 1971. Walther Rathenau and the Weimar Republic examines reparations in Germany following the First World War. Financial reparation was the most difficult and dangerous of the conditions imposed upon Germany by the Versailles Treaty. The amount of reparations - three times the country's annual income - was beyond Germany's capacity to pay. The United States, by insisting on the payment of Allied war debts, forced the Allies in turn to insist on reparations. Postwar polemics concentrated on German aggression and war crimes, but the real issue was the damage done to the world's economic mechanism. In the end all nations suffered, including the United States.
    Keywords: War crimes ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JW Warfare & defence::JWX Other warfare & defence issues::JWXK War crimes
    Language: English
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    Forming American Politics (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press | University of Pennsylvania Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Originally published in 1994. In this pathbreaking book Alan Tully offers an unprecedented comparative study of colonial political life and a rethinking of the foundations of American political culture. Tully chooses for his comparison the two colonies that arguably had the most profound impact on American political history—New York and Pennsylvania, the rich and varied colonies at the geographical and ideological center of British colonial America.Fundamental to the book is Tully's argument that out of Anglo-American influences and the cumulative character of each colonial experience, New York and Pennsylvania developed their own distinctive but complementary characteristics. In making this case Tully enters—from a new perspective—the prominent argument between the "classical republican" and "liberal" views of early American public thought. He contends that the radical Whig element of classical republicanism was far less influential than historians have believed and that the political experience of New York and Pennsylvania led to their role as innovators of liberal political concepts and discourse. In a conclusion that pursues his insights into the revolutionary and early republican years, Tully underlines a paradox in American political development: not only were the pathbreaking liberal politicians of New York and Pennsylvania the least inclined towards revolutionary fervor, but their political language and concepts—integral to an emerging liberal democratic order—were rooted in oligarchical political practice."A momentous contribution to the burgeoning literature on the middle Atlantic region, and to the vexed question of whether it constitutes a coherent cultural configuration. Tully argues persuasively that it does, and his arguments will have to be reckoned with like few that have gone before, even as he develops an array of differences between the two colonies more subtle and penetrating than any of his predecessors has ever put forth."—Michael Zuckerman, University of Pennsylvania.
    Keywords: History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
    Language: English
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    The Nobility of Toulouse in the Eighteenth Century (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Originally published in 1960. This is a regional study of the nobility of Toulouse in the eighteenth century. The complex notion of class and the peculiarities of each region in France during the Ancien Régime make it difficult for historians to render a general portrait of the provincial French aristocracy. This study describes the economic interests and investments of noblemen in Toulouse. Some of their activities follow the classic pattern of "seigniorial reaction" and thus illustrate ideas posed by Marc Bloch. Others suggest that the Toulousian gentlemen were conscientious landlords. The Toulousian noble was essentially a gentilhomme campagnard, a country gentleman, in regard to his source of revenue, his outlook, and his mode of living. This book should make clear the full meaning of this expression.
    Keywords: European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    A History of Icelandic Literature (2022)
    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Stefán Einarsson covers almost a thousand years of Icelandic literature in tracing the influence of the sagas and eddic poems. The book begins with background on Icelandic literature, outlining its literary roots in Scandinavia. Following this, Einarsson provides a thorough survey of Icelandic literature through the 1950s.
    Keywords: Literary theory ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory
    Language: English
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