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  • Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory  (5)
  • English  (5)
  • German
  • Swedish
  • 1960-1964  (5)
  • 1963  (5)
  • 1
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-117
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 117
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary: An experiment was designed to investigate operator-variance in the determination of the plastic limit of cohesive soils, independent of sample preparation and hydration time. A standard sample was prepared by dry-mixing commercial clay, "Grundite", with a pure silt. After the sample was hydrated for 3 weeks, five random samples were taken and five replicates performed on each sample. Analysis of variance (AOV) shows that there is no reason to doubt that the sample is homogeneous at the 0.05 level of significance. Random samples were then distributed to five zones of operators, where a zone is defined as a group of operators with similar backgrounds and engineering interests. Two operators from each group performed five replicates. The AOV model used in the analysis is mixed with the upper level fixed and the two lower levels random. The estimated "within" and "between" operator variances are 0. 45 and 4. 18 respectively. The estimated "between zones" contribution to the total sum of squares is negative. No correlation was found between an operator's internal variance and his deviation from the grand mean. On the basis of this experiment, no reason-exists to doubt that an "untrained" operator can obtain results comparable to those of professional operators. The major factor contributing to the total sample variance is the inconsistency between the individual operators who, although able to duplicate their own determinations, do not call the same end point. To minimize between operator variance, a readily prepared standard sample is suggested with which any operator can calibrate his plastic limit determinations against the expected national average.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 8 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 117
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary ­Introduction Sample preparation Sample homogeneity Distribution of samples Analysis Conclusions and suggested standardization References
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  • 2
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-118
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 118
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary: The observation that newly frozen ice sheets, resulting from pools of -water freezing over,- support more than would be predicted by ordinary theory is assessed. A solution is presented for a circular plate on an elastic, sealed foundation. Graphical results are shown for supports at the circumference of the plate. Graphs to obtain moments in a circular plate on an elastic bearing surface, using a sealed or unsealed foundation, are compiled for fixed and simple supports. In reality the foundation may not be completely sealed, calling for discretion in selecting the actual moment. The ability of the refrozen ice sheet to support the extra load is explained by the fact that the water has been sealed between the surface and main sheet of ice and the volume occupied by the water cannot change.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 14 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 118
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-103
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 103
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary: The effect of air flow on the thermal conductivity of snow was investigated. Steady-state temperature measurements were made along the edge and axis of a cylindrical bed of snow to determine the effective axial thermal conductivity of snow. Unconsolidated snow samples were used, with densities ranging from 0.376 to 0.472 g/cm^3 and corresponding snow particle sizes of 0.065 to 0.219 cm nominal diameter; the mass flow rates employed ranged from approximately 10-40 x 10^-4g/cm^2 sec. Snow density and sample size apparently have opposite effects on the effective thermal conductivity because of the flow of fluid in snow. The test apparatus is described in detail and is illustrated. The results of the experiments are tabulated, and a least square equation is given which represents the results well.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 14, A2 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 103
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Theory Apparatus and experimental procedure Results and discussion References Appendix A: Sample calculations of a and ke
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  • 4
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-105
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 105
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary: A principle of particle segregation by freezing is presented. It is demonstrated experimentally by using a transparent freezing cabinet in which a sample of distilled water freezes from the bottom upward. In this way the freezing front line travels vertically and the particles are carried against gravity. By using the same material with different shapes (glass beads and broken quartz or glass) it is demonstrated that an important factor in particle migration is the shape of the particle or its contact area with the interface. By testing other materials with different shapes and sizes, it is demonstrated that another important factor is particle size and rate of freezing. Fine particles migrate under a wide range of rates of freezing; coarser ones migrate at lower and more limited ranges of rates of freezing. It is suggested that, for determining frost behavior of soils in permafrost regions, freezing from the bottom upward is a more reliable test than freezing from the top down. Freezing from the bottom more closely approximates freezing of the active layer above permafrost; also, friction with the cylinder testing wall is eliminated. The implication of this principle in engineering and studies of soil genesis in cold regions is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 8 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 105
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Experimental procedure Experimental results Conclusions and recommendations References
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  • 5
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-107
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 107
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary: The formation of lake ice was studied during the winter of 1956-57 at Post Pond, Lyme, N. H. Tabular, columnar, granular, and crenulate textures of 36 blocks of ice observed are discussed in terms of relative growth velocity and shown in a classification chart. Ice structures are characterized by Forel striations, Tyndall figures, bubbles and strain shadows. Average crystal areas increased with ice thickness, the rate of increase being greater toward lake center, and ceased to enlarge when in a continuous bubble layer. The lake-ice sheet grew both from top and bottom, .downward growth resulting from crystals in a favorable vertical orientation of a-axes and upward growth coming about by water flowing on the original upper ice surface and freezing. Exception to this type of growth was found in the lake area which froze first, where individual crystal areas were larger at the surface and there was no upper surface ice accretion. Fabric diagrams of ice outside the anomolous area show a change of optic axis orientation from a high percentage of c-axes vertical near the surface to a high percentage horizontal at the bottom.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 22, A2, B1 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 107
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Description of the lake Cli rna te of the lake Methods of study Ice textures Crystal size Ice structures Crystal fabric studies Growth of an ice sheet References Appendix A: Weather data Appendix B: Sample data
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