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  • English  (1,920)
  • Polish  (3)
  • Italian  (1)
  • German
  • 1975-1979  (1,924)
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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Atlas of the textural patterns of basalts and their genetic significance (1978)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 93.0227 ; M 304
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 323 S.
    ISBN: 0444415661
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Plate tectonics and crustal evolution (1979)
    New York [u.a.] : Pergamon Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 93.0234
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 288 S. : Ill.
    Edition: 2. print.
    ISBN: 0080195946
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Rocks and rock minerals (1979)
    New York [u.a.] : Wiley
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 93.0160
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 319 S.
    ISBN: 0471029343
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Fluids in the earth's crust : their significance in metamorphic, tectonic and chemical transport processes (1978)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: 12021 ; 10/M 93.0073/1
    In: Developments in geochemistry
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVIII, 383 S.
    ISBN: 0444416366
    Series Statement: Developments in geochemistry 1
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 5
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Geochemical exploration methods for minerals deposits (1977)
    Wilmette : Applied Publishing Ltd.
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 93.0018 ; M 93.0018
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 287 S. : Ill.
    ISBN: 0915834030
    Uniform Title: Geochimiceskie methody poiskov ...
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Vegetation of the earth : in relation to climate and the eco-physiolog. conditions (1977)
    New York [u.a.] : Springer
    Details Availability
    Call number: PIK N 630-92-0608
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 237 S.: Ill., Kt.
    Edition: 3. print.
    ISBN: 0387900462 , 3-540-90046-2
    Series Statement: Heidelberg science library 15
    Uniform Title: Vegetationszonen und Klima
    Language: English
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
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  • 7
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    The early history of the earth : based on the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Instiute held at the University of Leicester [U.K.], 5-11 April 1975 (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 93.0116
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 619 S. : Ill.
    ISBN: 0471014885
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Nuclear methods in mineral exploration and production (1977)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: 9/M 93.0208/7
    In: Developments in economic geology
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 280 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 044441567X
    Series Statement: Developments in economic geology 7
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Soil chemistry : A. Basic elements (1978)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: M 93.0229
    In: Developments in soil science
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 281 S. : graph. Darst.
    Edition: 2. rev. ed.
    ISBN: 0444414355
    Series Statement: Developments in soil science 5A
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Geology of tin deposits (1979)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: 9/M 93.0003
    In: Developments in economic geology
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 543 S.
    ISBN: 0444418059
    Series Statement: Developments in economic geology 11
    Language: English
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  • 11
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Thermodynamics properties of minerals and related substances at 298.15 K and 1 Bar 〈10 exp.5 Pascal〉 pressure and at higher temperatures : a summary of the thermodynamic data for minerals at 298.15 K together with calculated values for the functions ... (1979)
    Washington : United States Government Print. Office
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 93.0224
    In: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 456 S.
    Edition: repr. with corr.
    Series Statement: Bulletin / U.S. Geological Survey 1452
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Mineral deposits (1979)
    Milton Keynes
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    Call number: 93.0257/3
    Pages: 140 S.
    Series Statement: The Open University. Science. A second level course. The earth's physical resourses. S 266 , Block 3
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Resources and systems (1979)
    Milton Keynes
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    Call number: 93.0257/1
    Pages: 52 S.
    Series Statement: The Open University. Science: A second level course. The earth's physical resources. S 266 , Block 1
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Energy resources (1979)
    Milton Keynes
    Details Availability
    Call number: 93.0257/2
    Pages: 172 S.
    Series Statement: The Open University. Science: A second level course. S 266 , Block 2
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Text and figures; 1. (1977)
    Hannover : Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: 9882/I ; M 93.0064/1
    In: The iron ore deposits of Europe and adjacent areas
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 418 S. : graph. Darst.
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 16
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    2,5. Elements La(57) to U(92) (1978)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: 10/M 93.0251A/6
    In: Handbook of geochemistry
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: Losebl.-Ausg.
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Penetration tests in subsea permafrost, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska (1979)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-201-79/7
    In: CRREL Report, 79-7
    Description / Table of Contents: Sediments beneath the Beaufort Sea near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, were probed at 27 sites using a static cone penetrometer to determine engineering properties and distribution of material types, including ice-bonded sediments. The probe provided both point and casing resistance data and thermal profiles. At five sites these data were correlated with information from adjacent drilled and sampled holes. These control data and the quality of the probe information permitted profiles of sediment type and occurrence of ice-bonded material to be developed along three lines that included various geological features and depositional environments. Material properties were quite variable in the upper 14 m of sediments probed. In general, softer, finer-grained sediments occurred in the upper layers, while penetration refusal was met in stiff gravels to 10 to 12 m below the seabed. Seabed temperatures during the study were all below 0 C. However, because of uncertainties in freezing point values caused by brines, evaluation of the penetration resistance data was required to identify the occurrence of ice-bonded sediments. The coupling of thermal and penetration resistance data revealed that seasonally ice-bonded sediments occurred where the sea ice froze back to or near the seabed. Deeper, perennially frozen sediments also appeared to be present at several probe sites. The penetration data obtained can be used to aid in the design of shallow and deep foundations in both ice-bonded and unfrozen subsea sediments.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 49 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-7
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9014
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Equipment Data collection and reduction Data analysis and interpretation Point penetration resistance and material properties Lithologic and temperature profiles Casing penetration resistance Applications Shallow foundations Deep foundations Foundations in permafrost Correlations with laboratory tests Conclusions Selected bibliography Appendix A: Description of penetrometer and test procedures Appendix B: Point resistance and skin friction data
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  • 18
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Grouting silt and sand at low temperatures : a laboratory investigation (1979)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    In: CRREL Report, 79-5
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: This report presents data from an experimental program undertaken to develop information on proposed and existing chemical grout solutions to provide engineering properties in connection with grouting of soils in ambient temperatures of 39° ±1°F (3.88°C) and below. Twelve grout solutions were investigated, including organic chemicals, sodium silicates, cements, and clay (bentonite). Set or gel tests were performed on each chemical solution, in the center of which a thermocouple was placed for measuring the rates of heat of reaction, except those of the cements and the clay. These solutions consisted of the mixing portions of the chemicals and were placed into 4-in.-diam by approximately 6-in.-long cylinders at an ambient temperature of 39°F.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 38 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-5
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9020
    Language: English
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  • 19
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Computer modeling of atmospheric ice accretion (1979)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-79/4
    In: CRREL Report, 79-4
    Description / Table of Contents: A computer model is described to compute the amount of ice accretion on an object under a variety of initial conditions. Numerical techniques are best applied to these problems because of time dependent effects governing the amount of ice collected and also the variety of initial conditions that can lead to ice accumulation. The helicopter rotor icing problem adds an additional complexity since the velocity along the rotor blade varies over a wide range strongly affecting the amounts of ice collected at different blade positions. The physics of ice accretion is reviewed and the accounting for time-dependence in the computer model is described. Some model results are presented and indicate the dependence of ice accretion on velocity, droplet sizes, cloud liquid water content, and temperature for a cylindrical object of constant size.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 39 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-4
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9019
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENT Abstract Preface Introduction Ice accretion parameters Physics of ice accretion Interaction between water droplets and flow field Time dependence in droplet trajectories Thermodynamic processes at the surface of the object Time dependence in the thermodynamics Time dependence of lesser order Numerical ice accretion model Major subroutines Options for droplet size variations Option for the helicopter rotor case Results Conclusions and future studies Literature cited Appendix A: Computer program
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  • 20
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Effect of temperature on strength of snow-ice (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/27
    In: CRREL Report, 78-27
    Description / Table of Contents: Uniaxial compression and tension tests were conducted on polycrystalline snow-ice to determine the effect of temperature on its strength. Test temperatures ranged from -O.1C to -54C. Two machine speeds, 0.847 mm/s and84.7 mm/s were used for the constant displacement rate tests. The compressive strength at -54C was about oneorder of magnitude higher than at -0.1C. The tensile strength at -18C was about 20% higher than at 0.1C. The initial tangent and 50% strength moduli are given for the compression tests, while the secant modulus to failure is given for the tension tests.The mode of fracture is discussed and the test results are compared with data from other investigations.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 22 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-27
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a067583.pdf
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    Series available for loan
    Analysis of the midwinter temperature regime and snow occurence in Germany (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/21
    In: CRREL Report, 78-21
    Description / Table of Contents: This study investigates the possibility of providing estimates of the time of occurrence and length of the freezing season for any location in East and West Germany by using the average Januavy air temperature (AJ AT) as an index. The results indicate that reliable values of the mean freezing index can be obtained from the AJAT relationships which are developed for Germany. This association is further verified using data from the northeastern part of the U.S., and the AJ AT is then used to determine the average starting and ending dates (and hence the probable length) of the freezing season for stations in Germany. The AJ AT and the average dates of snowfall occurrence for numerous locations in the U.S. and Germany are also correlated. Interrelationships between these parameters and the average number of days with snow on the ground for stations up to 3000 m in elevation in Germany are examined. A detailed AJ AT map for East and West Germany, in which data from 134 stations, latitude, altitude and regional influences are considered, is developed in order to make the relationships usable. A historical review of the literature on snow studies in Germany and a brief discussion of snow-cover interpretation by satellite photography are included
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 48 Seiten , Illustrationen , 1 Karte
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-21
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9384
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Historical literature review Relationships between midwinter temperature and freezing season Mean freezing index 4 Average January air temperature U.S. comparative study Correlation of AJAT and duration of freezing season Relationships between average January air temperature and snow conditions U.S. relationships German relationships Mapping of average January air temperatures Analysis of observed AJ AT data Development of detailed maps Application and discussion Examples Influence of vegetation Literature cited Appendix A. interpretation of snow cover by satellite Appendix B. Contour, station elevation and Aj AT maps for East and West Germany
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  • 22
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Intermittent ice forces acting on inclined wedges (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/26
    In: CRREL Report, 77-26
    Description / Table of Contents: A theory for ice forces acting on inclined wedges has been developed, thus making it possible to predict the magnitude of the intermittent ice forces from knowledge of the physical parameters of the system. The theory has been verified by model tests with artificial and natural ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: viii, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-26
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9497
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Summary Introduction Recent ice research in Denmark General Structures with vertical faces Wedges with inclined faces Recording of the strength of natural ice Artificial ice — properties and manufacture General Composition of material Order of mixing ingredients Rupture theory Theoretical approach Initial contact Forces acting on wedge Maximum force and actual force Principal stress equations 8Dynamic equations Intermittent nature of force Theoretical curve Verifiction of theory by model tests Description Width of rupture channel Plotting of results Engineering application Comparison with Korahavin’s results Recommendations for future research References Appendix A
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  • 23
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Collaboration of architect and behavioral scientist in research (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/23
    In: CRREL Report, 77-23
    Description / Table of Contents: This report discusses the relationship between an architect and a behavioral scientist. Some of the discussion applies to this cooperative work for design of buildings. The bulk, however, relates to the cooperation of architect and behavioral scientist while conducting research. Examples from collaborative research at Alaskan military installations are cited which demonstrate the roles and contributions of the two disciplines.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 8 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-23
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA045418
    Language: English
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  • 24
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Mechanics of cutting and boring; Part VI: dynamics and energetics of transverse rotation machines (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/19
    In: CRREL Report, 77-19
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, Part VI
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: The report deals with forces and power levels in cutting machines having adisc or drum that rotates about an axis perpendicular to the direction of advance. The forces on individual cutting tools are related to position on the rotor and to characteristics such as tool layout, rotor speed, rotor size, machine advance speed, and rotor torque. Integration leads to expressions for force components acting on the rotor axis, taking into account tool characteristics, cutting depth of the rotor, and rotor torque. These provide estimates of tractive thrust and thrust normal to the primary free surface. For self-propelled machines, this leads to considerations of traction, normal reaction, weight and balance, and power/weight ratios. Specific energy consumption is analyzed and related to machine characteristics and strength ofthe material being cut. Power per unit working area is discussed, and data for existing machines are summarized. Power requirements for ejection ofcuttings are analyzed, and the hydrodynamic resistance on underwater cuttings is treated. A number of worked examples are given to illustrate the principles discussed in the report.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 36 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-19
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9518
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Foreword Introduction Terminology Forces on individual cutters Torque force and tool force Forces on the rotor axis Tractive thrust and down thrust Alternative tool force formulations Vehicle traction Power/weight ratio Weight and balance Force, torque, speed and power Specific energy Efficiency and performance index Power density Power requirements for ejection of cuttings Hydrodynamic resistance in underwater cutting
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  • 25
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    Ice arching and the drift of pack ice through restricted channels (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/18
    In: CRREL Report, 77-18
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Models originally developed to describe the arching and the movement of granular materials through hoppers or chutes are applied to the arching and drift of pack ice in straits and gulfs having lengths of 50 to 500 km. Verification of the usefulness of the models is attempted by making comparisons with ice deformation patterns as observed via satellite imagery in the Bering Strait region and in Amundsen Gulf. The results are encouraging in that there is good correspondence between observed arching and lead patterns and those predicted by theory. In addition, values determined via the model for the angle of internal friction (≈ 30° to 35°) and the cohesive strength per unit thickness (≈ 2000 N/m) are similar to values obtained by other approaches. It is estimated that if the wind velocity parallel to the Bering Strait exceeds ≈ 6 m/s, there will be ice flow through the strait.
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    Pages: iii, 11 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-18
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9517
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Theory Limiting span of an arch Flow of pack ice through converging channels Stoppage of flow Applications St. Lawrence Amundsen Gulf Bering Strait Conclusion References
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  • 26
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    Ice accumulation on ocean structures (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/17
    In: CRREL Report, 77-17
    Description / Table of Contents: A literature search was made for information on the accretion of ice on ocean structures and on methods for control. The bulk of the reports were in Russian, with some additional Japanese, British, American, Canadian, and Icelandic sources. Analysis of icing reports indicated that sea spray is the most important cause of ship icing, with lesser amounts due to freezing rain, snow, and fog. Icing is a potential danger whenever air temperatures are below the freezing point of water and the sea temperature is 6 C or lower. Theoretical work on the ice accretion process is discussed, and a method is suggested, based on Russian experiments, for calculating the sea spray accumulation rate for cylindrical and flat surfaces as a function of water source temperature, air temperature, and wind speed. Other factors that influence icing severity are ship size and configuration, angle between ship course and water heading, and ship speed. Icing in the north temperate latitudes generally occurs in the rear of barometric depressions. Maps showing limits of various degrees of icing severity are included. Atmospheric icing measurements on tall land-based structures are presented, and potential maximum accumulations estimated. Control measures are discussed, though no completely effective method is available. Mechanical (impaction) methods are the most common, but experiments have been conducted on heated, icephobic, and deformable surfaces, and with freezing point depressants. No device for the unequivocal measurement of ice accumulation is available, though some experimental methods are suitable for controlled testing; it is recommended that a device be developed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 42 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-17
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9516
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurements Introduction The freezing proeess Icing observations Geographical distribution of icing and contributing meteorological conditions Extreme icing conditions Extremes of icc accumulation Prediction of icing occurrences Prediction of icing intensity and rate Control methods Measurement of icing rate Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Maps of icing occurrence and rate Appendix B. Data for computing ship icing rates Appendix C. Estimation of ice accumulation
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  • 27
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    Roof loads resulting from rain-on-snow (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/12
    In: CRREL Report, 77-12
    Description / Table of Contents: A computer program to calculate the increased live load on a snow-covered roof due to rain-on-snow is given. For the 25-year rainstorm falling on a heavy snow load on a flat roof in Hanover, New Hamsphire, and additional 98 kg/m2 (20 lb/ft2) of liquid water is added to the live load. The additional load due to rain-on-snow is very sensitive to the snow properties and characteristics of the roof. A wide range of live loads is possible, depending on the particular circumstances.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-12
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9511
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Summary Nomenclature Introduction Water movement through snow Vertical percolation Lateral flow Flat roofs Sloping roofs Rainfall intensity-duration effects Miscellaneous effects Radial flow to drains Flow along gutters on snow-covered roofs Snow structure Basal layer Conclusion Literature citied Appendix A. Computer program calculating roof loads from rain-on-snow
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  • 28
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    Series available for loan
    Ice breakup on the Chena River 1975 and 1976 (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/14
    In: CRREL Report, 77-14
    Description / Table of Contents: The breakup of the Chena River was observed and documented during the spring of 1975 and 1976. This study attempted to determine the potential for damage to the proposed Chena River flood control dam from ice and debris during breakup. Results of this study were compared to those of a 1974 companion study. In 1975, ice thickness were determined to be 15% thinner than in 1974 and ice volume was 33% smaller. No major ice floes were observed in 1975 and no significant flooding occurred, although the approaches to a bridge at the damsite were eroded by debris and high water immediately after breakup. The 1976 breakup was milder than that of 1975. Minor flooding in the lower river was caused by jamming of a few large ice pieces, but no property damage resulted.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 44 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-14
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9513
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Ice thickness and quantity Chronology of the 1975 Chena River breakup Checkpoint 3 Checkpoint 4 Checkpoint 5 Checkpoint 6 Checkpoint A Checkpoint 7 Checkpoint C Checkpoint D Checkpoint 8 Checkpoint 10 Checkpoint 11 Checkpoint 12 Spring flooding and debris The 1976 Chena River breakup Breakup in other years Summary and conclusions Appendix A. Sequential photographs of 1975 breakup at checkpoints 3-12
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  • 29
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    Series available for loan
    Experimental scaling study of an annular flow ice-water heat sink (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/15
    In: CRREL Report, 77-15
    Description / Table of Contents: A laboratory experimental study was conducted on a scale model of an annular flow ice-water heat sink to be used to store the waste heat produced in a hardened defense installation operating in an isolated mode. The study ex­amined: 1) scaling relationships for predicting the performance of prototype units using data from scale models, 2) the accuracy of a computer prediction technique developed during an earlier study, 3) the heat transfer phenom­enon at the ice-water interface, and 4) some practical aspects related to the operation of a prototype installation. The scaling relationships and the computer program were found to be sufficiently accurate for use in developing a proto­type sink design. During operation the scale model sink provided an almost constant low temperature source of coolant water for approximately one-half its useful life and thereafter behaved like an ordinary stored water reservoir type heat sink. No significant operational problems were discovered.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 54 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-15
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9514
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurement Introduction Description of experiment Apparatus Test procedure Experimental results Summary of experimental tests Influence of coolant water flow rates Approximation of the rate of melting Comparison of experimental and computed results Comparative analysis of the model sinks Approximation of the heat transfer coefficient Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Experimental data, heat sink Model II Appendix B. Heat sink scaling and similarity relationships Appendix C. Derivation of the relationships for the heat transfer coefficient, Reynolds and Nusselt numbers Appendix D. Determination of freezing rates and refrigeration loads Appendix E. Approximation of stresses in the heat sink tank
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  • 30
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    The Arctic environment and the Arctic surface effect vehicle (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/1
    In: CRREL Report, 76-1
    Description / Table of Contents: This report summarizes the advances in understanding of the Arctic which have come about since the inception of the ARPA Arctic Surface Effect Vehicle Program in 1970, primarily as the result of CRREL’s participation. Major efforts to increase knowledge of sea ice, terrestrial, and coastal topographic features are described. Special empha­sis is placed upon the quantitative understanding of pressure ridging. Other areas of major interest are atmospheric characteristics and ecological effects. A list of publications generated is included.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-1
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6018
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Sea ice characteristics Ridging intensity Arctic terrain characteristics databank Digital terrain maps Digital laser profiles Standard terrain tapes Mobility analysis Terrestrial and coastal characteristics Northern Alaska Interior Alaska Arctic USSR Northern Canada and Greenland Climatological characteristics General features Surface winds Temperatures Precipitation and visibility Electromagnetic/optical propagation Ecological effects of SEV operations SK-5 tests Simulated SEV tests Conclusions Literature cited Additional CRREL SEV Bibliography
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  • 31
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    Effects of radiation penetration on snowmelt runoff hydrographs (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/11
    In: CRREL Report, 76-11
    Description / Table of Contents: Water flow through the unsaturated portion of a snowpack is calculated using various assumptions about radiation penetration into the snow. The results show that for the purposes of hydrologic forecasting, it is sufficiently ac­curate to assume that all of the radiation absorption occurs at the surface. The error in the calculation of flow is largest for very shallow snowpacks, but this error is reduced by radiation absorption at the base of the snow and by the routing of meltwater through the saturated basal layer.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-11
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6186
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Conversion factors for U.S. customary and SI units Introduction Theory Examples Discussion Literature cited
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  • 32
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    Series available for loan
    Heat transfer characteristics of melting and refreezing a drill hole through an ice shelf in Antarctica (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/12
    In: CRREL Report, 76-12
    Description / Table of Contents: The heat transfer processes associated with melting and refreezing a drill hole 500 m in depth and 0.150 m in initial radius through an ice shelf were approximately analyzed. The results were expressed in graphical form showing the time available for experimentation under the hole as a function of heating duration and heating strength. It was found that the refreezing of the drill hole had a much slower rate than the melting of the hole.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-12
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA026368
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Nomenclature Introduction Analysis Melting period Freezing period Calculation Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Justification of using eq 8 for the calculation of heat transfer coefficient h
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  • 33
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    Series available for loan
    De-icing using lasers (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/10
    In: CRREL Report, 76-10
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 25 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-10
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6144
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Introduction Experimental work SCR samples CAG samples CMS samples UAG samples SI samples Optical system Equipment Procedure Photographic work Large cracks and fissures Small damage to the surface Small damage to the buIk Results Damage as a function of the position x of the focal point; n(x) Damage as a function of the number of irradiations #; n(#) Damage as a function of crystallographic orientation ĉ; n (ĉ); p (ĉ) Damage as a function of surface structure Damage as a function of age A; n (A) Damage as a function of wavelength λ; p(λ) Systematic study of damage as a function of W, t, m and s; n(W, t, m, s) Analysis Fracture in ice Mechanisms for optically generated damage in transparent dielectrics Discussion of the results Summary and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 34
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    Proceedings of the first symposium on antarctic geosciences, 1978 (1979)
    Tokyo : National Institute of Polar Research
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    Call number: ZSP-592-14 ; ZSP-592-14(2.Ex.)
    In: Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: IV, 229 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research : Special Issue 14
    Language: English
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  • 35
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    Monograph available for loan
    Reports from the Kevo Subarctic Research Station : 14 (1978)
    Turku : Turun Yliopisto
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    Call number: AWI P5-79-0002
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 75 S.
    ISBN: 9516415903
    Language: English
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  • 36
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    Vegetation of the Angmagssalik district Souteast Greenland 3 : epilithic macrolichen communities (1975)
    København : Reitzel
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    Call number: ZSP-553-198,3
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 32 S. : Ill., Kt.
    ISBN: 8742101123
    Series Statement: Meddelelser om Grønland 198,3
    Language: English
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  • 37
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    Struktura przestrzenna przepływów ludności miast województwa kieleckiego (1975)
    Wrocław [u.a.] : Zakł. Nar. im. Ossolińskich
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: MOP Per 116(113)
    In: Prace geograficzne
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 112 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Prace geograficzne 113
    Language: Polish
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 38
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    Chemistry of marine sediments (1977)
    Ann Arbor
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    Call number: 93.0201
    Pages: VI, 265 S.
    Language: English
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  • 39
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    Ophiolites : ancient oceanic lithosphere? (1977)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
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    Call number: G 7148(2. Ex.) ; 10/G 7724 ; M 93.0092/12 ; G 7148(1. Ex.)
    In: Minerals and rocks
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 229 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Minerals and rocks 12
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 40
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    Chemistry and geothermal systems (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Acad. Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: G 7495 ; G 7869 ; M 93.0158
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 392 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Energy science and engineering
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 41
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    Theory and practice of regional geochemical exploration (1978)
    Budapest : Akad. Kiadó
    Details Availability
    Call number: G 7371 ; 11528 ; M 93.0161
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 272 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9630514427
    Language: English
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  • 42
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    Geowriting : a guide to writing, editing, and printing in earth science (1979)
    Falls Church : American Geological Inst.
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    Call number: M 93.0008
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 79 S.
    ISBN: 0913312134
    Language: English
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  • 43
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    The alkaline rocks (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
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    Call number: M 93.0152
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 622 S.
    Edition: reprinted
    ISBN: 0471813834
    Language: English
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  • 44
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    Single-chain silicates; 2A. (1978)
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: 11/M 93.0253/2
    In: Rock-forming minerals
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 668 S.
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    ISBN: 0582465222
    Classification:
    Mineralogy
    Language: English
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  • 45
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    Economic mineral deposits (1979)
    New York [u.a.] : Wiley
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 93.0228
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 593 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Edition: 3. ed.
    ISBN: 0471017698
    Language: English
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  • 46
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    Monograph available for loan
    Geochemical processes water and sediment environments (1979)
    New York [u.a.]: Wiley
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    Call number: M 93.0155
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 481 S.
    Language: English
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  • 47
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    Geochemistry in mineral exploration (1979)
    London [u.a.] : Acad. Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: G 7720 ; M 93.0246
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVII, 657 S. : graph. Darst.
    Edition: 2. ed.
    ISBN: 0125962509
    Language: English
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    The earth's tectonosphere : its past development and present behavior ; an analysis for the geometrical, mechanical, thermal, and chemical aspects of the earth's behavior in terms of a single, long-lived, deep-seated, global driving mechanism that has been operating during the entire 4.6 billion years that the Earth is believed to have been in existence (1977)
    Sudbury : Tatsch
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    Call number: M 93.0205
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 468 S.
    Edition: 2. ed.
    ISBN: 0912890037
    Language: English
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  • 49
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    Terrestrial heat flow in Europe (1979)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
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    Call number: M 93.0156
    In: Scientific Report
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 328 S. + 1 Kt.-Beil.
    ISBN: 3540094407
    Series Statement: Scientific Report / Inter-Union Commission of Geodynamics 58
    Language: English
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  • 50
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    Geochemistry of colloid systems : for earth scientists (1979)
    Berlin [u.a.]: Springer
    Details Availability
    Call number: 93.0162
    Pages: XII, 450 S.
    Language: English
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  • 51
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    Supergene and surficial ore deposits : textures and fabrics; Vol. 3. (1976)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
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    Call number: 11/MR 90.0990 ; M 93.0094/3
    In: Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits ; part I
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 353 S.
    ISBN: 0444414037
    Language: English
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    Classifications and historical studies; Vol. 1. (1976)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
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    Call number: 11/MR 90.0988 ; M 93.0094/1
    In: Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits ; part I
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 338 S.
    ISBN: 0444414010
    Language: English
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    Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ag deposits; Vol. 6. (1976)
    Amsterdam _[u.a.]_ : Elsevier
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    Call number: 11/M 93.0094/6
    In: Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits ; part II
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVI, 585 S.
    ISBN: 0444414061
    Language: English
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  • 54
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    Geochemical studies; Vol. 2. (1976)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
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    Call number: 11/MR 90.0989 ; M 93.0094/2
    In: Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits ; part I
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 363 S.
    ISBN: 0444414029
    Language: English
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  • 55
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    Porphyry copper case study (1976)
    Milton Keynes : The Open University Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: 93.0258
    Pages: 80 S.
    Series Statement: The Open University. Science: A third level course. Earth schience topics and methods , S 333PC
    Language: English
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  • 56
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    Origin and distribution of the elements : proceedings of the second symposium, Paris, May 1977 (1979)
    Oxford [u.a.] : Pergamon Press
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    Call number: G 7862 ; M 93.0149/11
    In: Physics and chemistry of the earth
    In: International series of monographs on earth sciences
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 909 S. : graph. Darst.
    Edition: 1. ed.
    Series Statement: Physics and chemistry of the earth 11
    Language: English
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  • 57
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    2,1. Elements H(1) to Al(13) (1978)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
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    Call number: 10/M 93.0251A/2
    In: Handbook of geochemistry
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: Losebl.-Ausg.
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  • 58
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    The internal structure of fast ice near Narwhal Island, Beaufort Sea, Alaska (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/29
    In: CRREL Report, 77-29
    Description / Table of Contents: Results of measurements of salinity, grain size, substructure dimensions and crystal fabrics of the undeformed 2.15-m-thick annual sea ice sheet near Narwhal Island, Alaska, are presented. A notable observation was the formation of a dominant c-axis horizontal structure in all ice below 14 cm, including transformation to a pronounced east-west alignment of the c-axes by a depth of 66 cm. This study confirms earlier reports of the occurrence of very strong horizontal c-axis alignments in arctic fast ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 8 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-29
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9500
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Sampling and analytical procedures Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 59
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    Icebreaker simulation (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/16
    In: CRREL Report, 77-16
    Description / Table of Contents: A brief discussion is given of the ways an icebreaker breaks ice. Since the icebreaking process is so complex, the solution of a mathematical model does not appear to be feasible. As an alternative, it is suggested that physical models be used to design icebreakers. The appropriate scaling laws for physical models are developed and their practical limitation discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-16
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9515
    Language: English
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  • 60
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    Observation and analysis of protected membrane roofing system (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/11
    In: CRREL Report, 77-11
    Description / Table of Contents: Two performance indicators, effectiveness and thermal efficiency, are defined and used to evaluate the year-round performance of three protected membrane roofs in Alaska and New Hampshire. Effectiveness is a measure of the deviations of ceiling temperatures from a yearly average, with large diviations indicating erratic performance in the roofing-insulation system and small departures indicating a thermally stable system. Thermal efficiency, the ratio of calculated heat loss to measured heat loss, is affected by climatic conditions such as rain, snow, solar radiation and wind. Thermal efficiency values of 100% or greater are possible since the calculated heat loss is based only on the inside and outside air temperature differences and the thermal properties of the roof components. Results of the year-round evaluation indicate that the three protected membrane roofs generally have high values of both effectiveness and thermal efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 40 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-11
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9506
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S.customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Introduction Location of test sites Fairbanks Anchorage Hanover, N.H. Test program Instrumentation Effectiveness Therma lefficiency Heat balance within the roof Comparisons with conventional systems Conclusions Effectiveness of the test roof Thermal efficiency Heat balance within the roof Applicability Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Temperature and heat flow measurements, Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska, and Hanover, New Hampshire Appendix B. Thermal efficiencies of the test roof, Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska, and Hanover, New Hampshire Appendix C. January 1973 and August 1972 comparisons of protected membrane and conventional built-up membrane systems at Hanover, New Hampshire
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  • 61
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    Ice forces on vertical piles (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/10
    In: CRREL Report, 77-10
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: The amount of force that an ice sheet can apply to a vertical pile was tested by lowering a hydraulic ram device into a hole cut in an existing ice sheet. The device had a large base and shoved a relatively narrow vertical pile in a horizontal direction. Test variables were: pile widths - 1.5 in. to 36.7 in.; pile shapes - flat, round, 45 ° and 90° wedges; ice thickness - 2.6 in. to 8.8 in.; and ram speed - 0.07 in./sec to 18.75 in./sec; but not all shapes and sizes were tested at all speeds. Air temperature was 20 ° F (-6.7 ° C). Forces and displacements were measured electronically. The findings are presented as a table of test results and as bar graphs of the resultant ice pressures versus the pile width-to-ice-thickness ratio, pile width and shape combination and pile velocity. The types of failures in the ice sheet were classified as crushing, splitting, buckling, bending, and creeping. The ice sheet generally withstood a high initial load followed by several lower peak load levels. The maximum ice pressure measured was 610 psi for a 12.6-in.-diam round pile in 8.4-in.-thick ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-10
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9505
    Language: English
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  • 62
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    Heat transfer over a vertical melting plate (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/32
    In: CRREL Report, 77-32
    Description / Table of Contents: An experimental study of forced convective heat transfer over a vertical melting plate has been conducted. This study covers water velocities ranging from 1.7 to 9.8 mm/s and bulk water temperatures from 1.11 to 7.50 C. The experimental results are correlated in terms of Nusselt, Prandtl and Reynolds numbers with a moderate correlation coefficient of 0.843. The results are expected to be useful in predicting the heat transfer characteristics of a much larger prototype ice-water heat sink.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-32
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9426
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Summary Introduction Problem General review of the subject Experimental apparatus General considerations Water reservoir Test chamber assembly Pumping system Electrical control system Experimental procedure Experimental results Discussion and comparison of results Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 63
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    Thermal pollution studies of French creek, Eielson AFB, Alaska (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/14
    In: CRREL Report, 76-14
    Description / Table of Contents: At the height of warm weather in Alaska in 1975, temperature measurements were made to determine the extent of the thermal impact on French Creek due to a condenser cooling water impact from the Eielson AFB Power plant. Water temperature measurements during a two-day period failed to show any significant thermal impact on the water in French Creek. It was concluded that no thermal pollution exists due to this warm water input at the volumes and conditions that presently exist.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-14
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6222
    Language: English
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  • 64
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    Series available for loan
    Mechanics of cutting and boring; Part III: Kinematics of continuous belt machines (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/17
    In: CRREL Report, 76-17
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, (DE-B103)20210225152525
    Description / Table of Contents: This report, which is one of a series on the mechanics of cutting and boring in rock, deals with the kinematics of machines which utilize a continuous belt as the cutting unit (e.g. coal saws, shale saws, digger-chain trenchers). The discussion and analysis cover the geometry and motion of various components of the cutting system, including such topics as chipping depth, production and conveyance of cuttings, tool trajectories, tool speeds, tool angles, and arrangement of cutting tools on the belt. Worked examples are included to illustrate the application of various equations to practical problems
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: viii, 24 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-17
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/5414
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Foreword Introduction Terminology Chipping depth Production and conveyance of cuttings Tool trajectories Tool speeds Tool relief angles — kinematic considerations Tool rake angles Belt curvature, slackness and flexibility Tool layout Longitudinal tool spacing Transverse tool spacing Cross-section profiles of the kerf Literature cited
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  • 65
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    Mechanics of cutting and boring; Part II: Kinematics of axial rotation machines (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/16
    In: CRREL Report, 76-16
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, (DE-B103)20210225152525
    Description / Table of Contents: This report, which is one of a series on the mechanics of cutting and boring in rock, deals with the kinematics of machines such as rotary drills, augers, tunnel boring machines, corers, and raise borers, in which the rotary cutting unit revolves about an axis that is parallel to the machine's direction of advance. The discussion and analysis cover the geometry and motion of various components of the cutting systems, including such topics as tool trajectories, tool speeds, motions of the more complicated mechanisms, chipping depth, penetration rates, production and clearance of cuttings, tool angles, and spatial distribution of cutters. Worked examples are given to illustrate the application of various equations to practical problems.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ix, 45 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-16
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/5413
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Foreword Terminology Trajectories of fixed tools Trajectories of roller cutters and indenters Speed of fixed cutting tools Speed of rolling disc cutters Speed and geometry of "wide" roller cutters Skidding rollers "Spiked" rollers Epicyclic or planetary mechanisms Chipping depth and penetration rate Chip production and cutting removal rate Balancing cutting and clearing rates in flight augers Tool relief angles - kinematic considerations Tool rake angles Distribution and spacing of cutting tools Radial tool spacing Angular tool spacing Spacing in the axial direction Literature cited
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  • 66
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    Revegetation in Arctic and subarctic North America : a literature review (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/15
    In: CRREL Report, 76-15
    Description / Table of Contents: A literature review of revegetation and biological aspects of restoration research was completed for arctic and sub­arctic North America. Although there is a great deal of climatic variation in this region it is generally characterized by extreme conditions, such as a short growing season and permafrost. Most of the revegetation research has been undertaken in the last six years as a result of increased natural resource development. The primary goal has been erosion control, with aesthetics, minimization of thermokarst, and production of browse as other objectives. Revege­tation and long-term restoration methods depend upon such variables as the site conditions, nutrient regime (especially as this is influenced by the climatic conditions in the Arctic and Subarctic), plant adaptations, and the selection of native or introduced species. Technologies which have been developed to meet these conditions primarily include seedbed preparation, use of seed mixes, and fertilization and seeding methods. Most of the research has focused on the use of agronomic grasses and legumes. These are selected on the basis of a number of factors, such as cold hardiness and growth form prior to evaluation in the laboratory and the field. The most successful species to date have been Arctared fescue and Nugget bluegrass in the Arctic, while these two as well as creeping red fescue, meadow foxtail, Frontier reed canarygrass, Durar hard fescue, slender wheatgrass, and Icelandic poa did well in the Subarctic. Similar methods have been attempted to a more limited extent with evaluation of native herbaceous and woody species which seem promising on the basis of natural succession studies. There are a number of continuing research needs for arctic anc subarctic revegetation. These include fertilization strategies, development of specialized techniques (such as sprigging) for native species, and longer term studies. It is particularly important to integrate short term revegetatio methods with long-term restoration goals.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 32 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-15
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6160
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Introduction Definition of revegetation Definition of restoration Objectives Some revegetation considerations Site conditions Nutrient regime Plant adaptations Native species vs introduced species Methods Seedbed preparation Seeding methods Timing of seeding Seed mixes Fertilization Agronomic grasses and legumes Selection criteria Laboratory evaluation Field evaluation Effect of revegetation methods Site conditions Maintenance of herbaceous cover Introduced woody species Native species — succession Significance of disturbance Primary succession Secondary succession Herbaceous native species Selection Laboratory evaluation Field evaluation Effect of revegetation methods Woody native species Selection Laboratory evaluation Field evaluation Native species and agronomic species, in combination Recommendations for research Summary Bibliography Appendix: Species tested
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  • 67
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    Monograph available for loan
    Geomorphological observations at Kangerdlugssuaq, East Greenland (1979)
    Copenhagen : Nyt Nordisk Forl
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    Call number: ZSP-553-1
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 24 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 8717025818
    ISSN: 0106-1046
    Series Statement: Meddelelser om Grønland : Geoscience 1
    Language: English
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  • 68
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    Monograph available for loan
    Webster's third new international dictionary of the English language unabridged : utilizing all the experience and resources of more than one hundred years of Merriam-Webster dictionaries (1976)
    Springfield : Merriam
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    Call number: AWI S5-82-0002
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 86a, 2662 S.
    Language: English
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  • 69
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    Series available for loan
    Radiometric survey between Scoresby Sund and Hold with Hope, central East Greenland (1976)
    Koebenhavn : Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse
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    Call number: ZSP-683-76
    In: Rapport = Report
    Description / Table of Contents: Airborne gamma-spectrometry and subsequent radiometric field investigations in central East Greenland have revealed a number of areas of above average radioactivity and a number of radioactive anomalies within these areas. These areas can be divided geologically into: pre-Caledonian crystalline basement, late and post-Caledonian plutonic rocks, Tertiary plutons and areas of intensive faulting and shearing. Areas bordering continental sedimentary formations are envisaged as potential host rocks for epigenetic uranium mineralization. The spectrometer system applied, with the detector volume of 3.7 litres, does not completely satisfy a quantitative evaluation of the spectrometric data recorded and a distinction between major rock units is only possible from the gross channel count rates.
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    Pages: 44 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: The Geological Survey of Greenland : Report 76
    Language: English
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  • 70
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    Monograph available for loan
    A postglacial pollen diagram from Angmagssalik, East Greenland (1978)
    København : Nyt Nordisk Forl.
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    Call number: ZSP-553-204,1
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 22 S. + Beil
    ISBN: 8717023785
    Series Statement: Meddelelser om Grønland 204,1
    Language: English
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  • 71
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    Planning document : prepared at the MAP planning conference ; June 21-24, 1976, Urbana, Illinois, USA (1976)
    Urbana, Ill. : SCOSTEP
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    Call number: ZSP-558
    In: Middle atmosphere program
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 97 S.
    Series Statement: Middle atmosphere program
    Language: English
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  • 72
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    Monograph available for loan
    A Glossary of geographical terms : based on a list prepared by a Committee of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (1979)
    London [u.a.] : Longman
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    Call number: M 93.0157
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXIX, 569 S.
    Edition: 3rd ed.
    ISBN: 0582352584
    Language: English
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  • 73
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    Monograph available for loan
    Israel meteorological research papers : in memory of Gideon Steinitz; Volume 1 (1977)
    Bet Dagan : Israel Meteorological Service
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    Call number: MOP 40426 / Mitte
    In: Israel meteorological research papers
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: ii, 175 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Israel meteorological research papers 1
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 74
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    Reefs and evaporites - concepts and depositional models (1977)
    Tulsa, Oklah. : American Association of Petroleum Geologists
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    Call number: 9/M 93.0209
    In: AAPG studies in geology
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VII, 196 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0891810099
    Series Statement: AAPG Studies in geology 5
    Language: English
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    Monograph available for loan
    Depositional sedimentary environments : with reference to terrigenous clastics (1975)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
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    Call number: M 93.0223
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVI, 439 S. : zahlr. Ill.
    Edition: corr. repr. of the 1. ed.
    ISBN: 3540073779
    Language: English
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  • 76
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    Monograph available for loan
    Copper deposits : origin, evolution, and present characteristics ; and analysis of the present copper deposits in terms of the geometrical, mechanical, thermal, and chemical aspects of the Earth's behavior during the past 4.6 billion years (1975)
    Sudbury : Tatsch
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 93.0204
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 339 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0912890088
    Language: English
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  • 77
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    Monograph available for loan
    Understanding the earth : a reader in the earth sciences (1977)
    Sussex : Artemis Pr.
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    Call number: M 93.0254
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 383 S.
    Edition: 2nd ed., repr.
    ISBN: 0851413080
    Language: English
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    Volcanic processes in ore genesis : proceedings of a joint meeting of the Volcanic Studies Group of the Geological Society of London and the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, held in London on 21 and 22 January 1976 (1977)
    London : The Institiution of Mining and Metallurgy; The Geological Society
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    Call number: M 93.0242
    In: (DE-B103)41191, Special publications / the Geological Society, London
    Description / Table of Contents: Subsurface aspects of the ore-forming process can be described in terms of standard chemical transport parameters such as T-P gradients, mineral solubilities, solvent chemistry and volume, diffusion parameters and energy flow. These necessary factors are rather easily assessed by geochemical, isotopic and structural studies. If deposition is in the surface environment, a complex array of factors will determine the success of the natural concentration process and the chances of preservation of a deposit. Basically, most large-scale ore-forming processes involve large fluid volumes and energy sources. Many environments where these requirements are met, the modern ocean ridge and the subduction environment, are still not well understood. The need for remote-sensing techniques in the submarine environment is stressed.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VI, 188 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 0900488336
    Series Statement: Special publications / the Geological Society, London 7
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.01
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.01
    Language: English
    Note: Articles Introductory remarks on the transport problem W. S. Fyfe https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.01 Model of hydrothermal ore genesis J. W. Elder https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.02 Identification of ore-deposition environment from trace-element geochemistry of associated igneous host rocks J. A. Pearce and G. H. Gale https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.03 Identification of the origin of oreforming solutions by the use of stable isotopes S. M. F. Sheppard https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.04 Hydrogen and oxygen isotope evidence for sea-water-hydrothermal alteration and ore deposition, Troodos complex, Cyprus T. H. E. Heaton and S. M. F. Sheppard https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.05 Hydrodynamic model for the origin of the ophiolitic cupriferous pyrite ore deposits of Cyprus E. T. C. Spooner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.06 Origin and emplacement of ophiolites I. G. Gass https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.07 Hydrothermal alteration of the basaltic lavas of the Troodos Ophiolite Complex associated with the formation of the massive sulphide deposits G. Constantinou https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.08 Rare-earth element evidence for the genesis of the metalliferous sediments of Troodos, Cyprus A. H. F. Robertson and A. J. Fleet https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.09 Modern submarine hydrothermal mineralization: examples from Santorini and the Red Sea D. S. Cronan, P. A. Smith, and R. D. Bignell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.10 Mineralization at destructive plate boundaries: a brief review M. S. Garson and A. H. G. Mitchell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.11 Porphyry copper deposits J. P. Hunt https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.12 Metallic mineralization affiliated to subaerial volcanism: a review R. H. Sillitoe https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.13 Igneous geology and the evolution of hydrothermal systems in some sub-volcanic tin deposits of Bolivia J. N. Grant, C. Halls, W. Avila, and G. Avila https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.14 Occurrence, origin and significance of mechanically transported sulphide ores at Buchans, Newfoundland J. G. Thurlow https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.15 Geological setting of the Skorovas orebody within the allochthonous volcanic stratigraphy of the Gjersvik Nappe, central Norway C. Halls, A. Reinsbakken, I. Ferriday, A. Haugen, and A. Rankin https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.16 The Planes-San Antonio pyritic deposit of Rio Tinto, Spain: its nature, environment and genesis D. Williams, R. L. Stanton, and F. Rambaud https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.17 Kuroko deposits: their geology, geochemistry and origin Takeo Sato https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.18 Stable isotope studies on Bougainville and in Matupi Harbour, New Britain, Papua New Guinea J. H. Ford, D. C. Green, J. R. Hulston, I. H. Crick, and S. M. F. Sheppard https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.19 Volcanogenic mineralization at Avoca, Co. Wicklow, Ireland, and its regional implications J. W. Platt https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.20 Discussion https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.21
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    Chemical modeling in aqueous systems : speciation, sorption, solubility, and kinetics ; based on a symposium ... at the 176th meeting of the American Chemical Soc., Miami Beach, Florida, USA, September 11-12, 1978 (1979)
    Washington, DC
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    Call number: M 93.0067/1
    In: American Chemical Society symposium series
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 914 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: American Chemical Society symposium series 93
    Language: English
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  • 80
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    The mantle sample : inclusions in kimberlites and other volcanics; 2. (1979)
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: M 93.0039/2
    In: Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 432 S.
    ISBN: 0875902138
    Language: English
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  • 81
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    Kimberlites, diatremes, and diamonds : their geology, petrology, and geochemistry; 1. (1979)
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: 12222 ; M 93.0039/1
    In: Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 399 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 087590212X
    Language: English
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    Geochemical exploration 1974 : Proceedings of the Fifth International Geochemical Exploration Symposium held in Vancouver, B.C., Canada, April 1-4, 1974 (1975)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
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    Call number: 9/M 93.0187/1
    In: Developments in economic geology
    In: Association of Exploration Geochemists: Special publication
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 720 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0444412808
    Series Statement: Developments in economic geology 1) (Association of Exploration Geochemists special Publication 2
    Language: English
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  • 83
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    Monograph available for loan
    2,4. Elements Kr(36) to Ba(56) (1978)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
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    Call number: 10/M 93.0251/5
    In: Handbook of geochemistry
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: Losebl.-Ausg.
    Language: English
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  • 84
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    Monograph available for loan
    Marine optics (1976)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
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    Call number: 13/M 97.0131
    In: Elsevier oceanography series
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIII, 231 S.
    ISBN: 0444414908
    Series Statement: Elsevier oceanography series 14
    Classification:
    Oceanology
    Language: English
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  • 85
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    Series available for loan
    Blank corrections for ultratrace atomic absorption analysis (1979)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-79/3
    In: CRREL Report, 79-3
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 7 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-3
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9018
    Language: English
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  • 86
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    Series available for loan
    Effect of water content on the compressibility of snow-water mixtures (1979)
    Hannover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-79/2
    In: CRREL Report, 79-2
    Description / Table of Contents: The stress-density relaionships of snow-water mixtures were investigated and are shown as functions of water content, initial snow density, initial snow-water mixture density and rate of deformation. An increase in water content in snow at a particular density or a decrease in the rate of deformation (or strain rate) decreases the stress, but apparently not the specific energy required to reach a specific mixture density.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-2
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9306
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Description of study Sample preparation Test equipment and procedure Test sample characteristics Discussion of results Data presentation format Effect of water content and mixture density Effect of water content and initial snow density Effect of deformation rate Effect of water content and rate of deformation on specific energy Summary Literature cited Appendix A. Derivation of equations Appendix B. Load-deformation traces
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  • 87
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    Series available for loan
    Estuarine processes and intertidal habitats in Grays Harbor, Washington : a demonstration of remote sensing techniques (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/18
    In: CRREL Report, 78-18
    Description / Table of Contents: The primary objective of this project was to demonstrate the utility of remote sensing techniques as an operational tool in the acquisition of data required by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, in the Grays Harbor dredging effects project, and related projects. Aerial imagery was used to map surface circulation and suspended sediment patterns near the hopper dredge pump site at the harbor entrance and near pulpmill outfalls in Aberdeen, and to map the areal distribution and extent of intertidal habitats. The surface circulation maps prepared from the aerial photographs and thermal imagery compared favorably with the large-scale circulation patterns observed in the Grays Harbor hydraulic model at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Of the imagery provided by NASA, the thermal imagery was more useful than the color or color infrared (CIR) photographs for mapping circula­tion, while the CIR photographs were more useful than the thermal imagery or the color photographs for mapping intertidal habitats. Current velocities estimated from dye dispersion patterns and drifting dye drogues were comparable at some locations to velocities measured by in situ current meters and in the hydraulic model. Based on a cursory evaluation of LANDSAT-1 imagery acquired in January, February, and October 1973, it had limited utility in providing data on surface circulation patterns in Grays Harbor. The areal distribution and extent of nine wetland vegetation types, dune vegetation, and three types of eelgrass were mapped using primarily aerial C IR photographs and ground sur­veys. Color photographs were also used for areas not covered by the C IR photographs. Wetland vegetation types mapped were: low silty marsh, low sandy marsh, sedge marsh, high immature marsh, high mature marsh, salt marsh, diked pasture, freshwater marsh, and wooded swamp. Undiked salt marsh (first five types) covered 5540 acres (22.3 km2) in Grays Harbor.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 85 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-18
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9397
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Site description Background and objectives Project history Approach General Aircraft imagery and sensor data LANDSAT imagery Ground truth data Results and discussion Remote sensing techniques Conventional techniques Comparison of results Conclusions Advantages and disadvantages Applications Recommendations Literature cited
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  • 88
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    Series available for loan
    Shoreline changes along the outer shore of Cape Cod from Long Point to Monomoy Point (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/17
    In: CRREL Report, 78-17
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: This investigation utilized historical and recent aerial photographs and satellite imagery in 1) estimating changes in positions of the high-water line and sea cliff break and base, in rates of accretion and/or erosion, and in volumes of transported sediment, and 2) providing a preliminary evaluation of the direction of littoral transport along the outer Cape Cod coast. Using aerial photographs acquired in 1938, 1952, 1971 and 1974 with manual photointerpretation techniques, changes in the distances from selected reference points to the cliff break, cliff base and the high-water line were measured. LANDSAT-1 and -2 imagery acquired from 1 September 1972 to 28 May 1975 was evaluated for use in determining the directions of littoral transport that are active the predominant amount of time. Although the imagery has been very useful for this purpose at other locations, it proved to be useless along the outer shore of Cape Cod. Largest net migrations of the high water line from 1938 to 1974 occurred in the northern and southern portions of this coast. The northern maximum high water line was 321.4 ft, the southern was 1794.6 ft. The central portion of the coast was generally more stable with changes varying from 6.8 to 157.6 ft. Cliff-base recession rates varied from 0.4 to 7.3 ft/yr. Maximum estimated net volume of sediment deposited per linear foot of beach from 1938 to 1974 was 334 yd^3 (based on 2 yd^3/ft of recession or accretion); maximum eroded was 914 yd^3. Changes in the configuration of spits were used to evaluate directions of littoral transport since suspended sediment concentrations were generally not sufficient to act as natural tracers of surface currents. Based on the literature and a determination of the portion of the coast perpendicular to the direction of dominant wave approach, the location of the nodal zone for predominant littoral directions of drift probably shifts between the area near Spectacle Pond and North Truro Air Force Station. This investigation has illustrated a photo interpretation technique that is useful in performing a reconnaissance of coastal change. The data obtained from this method can be used to supplement those acquired by ground surveys and are valid as first approximations for planning subsequent, more detailed surveys.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 49 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-17
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9394
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurement Introduction Background Previous investigations Analytical procedures Results and discussion Shoreline changes: High-water line Shoreline changes: Cliff recession Volumetric changes Nodal zone location and direction of littoral transport Error evaluation Summary and conclusions Future research Selected bibliography Appendix A: Maps of shoreline with overlays for 1938, 1952, 1971 and 1974 Appendix B: Supplementary data for estimating shoreline change
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  • 89
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    Series available for loan
    A hydraulic model investigation of drifting snow (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/16
    In: CRREL Report, 78-16
    Description / Table of Contents: A model investigation of drifting snow conditions was conducted in a hydraulic flume using a sand-water analog. Model results were evaluated to define modeling parameters that would allow quantitative correlation between measured prototype drift conditions and the model. The modeled structure was the standard plan snow fence designed by the Wyoming Highway Department and installed along Interstate Highway 80 in 1971. The performance of this system was documented by the Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station of the U.S. Forest Service. Models of the fence were constructed for three heights and two geometric scales. Geometric scaling was based on terrain roughness and boundary layer thickness considerations, while velocity scaling was based on particle fall velocity and threshold of motion characteristics. Simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer was found to be of primary importance. Velocity scaling analysis suggested the use of a 'significant wind' concept based on a combination of velocity magnitude and frequency. Similarity of precipitation rate was not essential, and could be altered within limits to adjust the time scale. The response of the model to the shape of model elements was significant. Although the model is distorted and inexact similarity is achieved, it appears useful on a practical basis.
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    Pages: vi, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-16
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9400
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Background Experimental design Similitude considerations The model Model operation Results Velocity Fence height Porosity Model correlation Summary and conclusions Recommeqdations for future work Literature cited Appendix A
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  • 90
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    Series available for loan
    On the determination of horizontal forces a floating ice plate exerts on a structure (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/15
    In: CRREL Report, 78-15
    Description / Table of Contents: This report first discusses the general approach for calculating the horizontal forces an ice cover exerts on a structure. Ice force determination consists of two parts: (1) the analysis of the in-plane forces assuming that the ice cover remains intact and (2) the use of a failure criterion, since an ice force cannot be larger than the force capable of breaking up the ice cover. For an estimate of the largest ice force, an elastic plate analysis and a failure criterion are often sufficient. A review of the literature revealed that, in the majority of the analyses, it is assumed that the failure load is directly related to a 'crushing strength' of the ice cover. However, observations in the field and tests in the laboratory show that in some instances the ice cover fails by buckling. This report reviews the ice force analyses based on the buckling failure mechanism and points out their shortcomings. The report then presents a new method of analysis which is based on the buckling mechanism
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-15
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9275
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction and statement of problem Review of relevant analyses and tests Determination of the largest ice force on an isolated structure Preliminary remarks The buckling analysis of a floating wedge Proposed method to determine Literature cited
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  • 91
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    Series available for loan
    The buckling pressure of an elastic plate floating on water and stressed uniformly along the periphery of an internal hole (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/14
    In: CRREL Report, 78-14
    Description / Table of Contents: The analytical solution and the numerical study of the eigenvalue problem for determining the buckling pressure of an infinite elastic plate floating on water and stressed uniformly along the periphery of an internal hole is presented. The boundary conditions considered are the clamped-, simple-, and free-edge conditions. Small buckling pressure occurs only for the free-edge condition. The shape of the deflection for the free-edge condition suggests that buckling is an important mechanism of failure.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 55 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-14
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9401
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction 1. The problem 2. Abstract of the result Part I. Fundamental solutions 3. Fuchsian type solutions 4. Contour integral solution 5. Integration of the integral solution 6. Fundamental solutions for α = 1 7. Fundamental solutions for α = 0 8. Eigenvalues for α = 0 9. Fundamental solutions for α 〉 1 Part II. Asymptotic expansions 10. Asymptotic expansion for 0 〈 α ⩽1 11. Asymptotic expansion for 1 ≦ α ≦ 2 12. Asymptotic expansion for 2 ≦ α ≦ ∞ Part III. Eigenvalues 13. Range of eigenvalues 14. Eigenvalues for the free-edge condition 15. Eigenvalues for the clamped-edge and simple-edge conditions 16. Deflection Acknowledgement Literature cited Appendix A. Analytical continuation at the singular point Appendix B. Tensorial transformations Appendix C. Comparison of the semi-infinite plate buckling with the asymptotic buckling
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  • 92
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    Series available for loan
    The compression of wet snow (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/10
    In: CRREL Report, 78-10
    Description / Table of Contents: The compressibility of wet snow is described in terms of pressure melting and nonlinear viscous deformation at grain contacts. The results of experiments with different salinities and liquid water contents are compared with computed densities. The decreasing compressibility of wet snow with increasing salinity and decreasing liquid content is quantified and explained. Simultaneous particle growth and the doubly charged layer at phase boundaries are included in the model. The results show that the density of wet snow increases approximately as a power of time but is highly dependent on the stress, initial particle size, liquid water content, and ionic impurity content of the snow.
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    Pages: vi, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-10
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9405
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Experimental procedure Grain growth Stressed particle contacts Fluid pressure Packing geometry Temperature distribution and heat flow Fluid and impurity flows Results The liquid film Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 93
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    Series available for loan
    Repetitive loading tests on membrane-enveloped road sections during freeze-thaw cycles (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/12
    In: CRREL Report, 78-12
    Description / Table of Contents: Road test sections of membrane-enveloped silt and clay soils overlain with asphalt cement concrete were subjected to repetitive dynamic plate-bearing loadings to determine their strength variations during freeze-thaw cycles. The recoverable surface deformations in the load deflection bowl were continuously measured during the loading cycles and analyzed using the Chevron layered elastic computer program to obtain the in situ resilient deformation modulus of the various section layers at different stages of the freeze-thaw cycles. The resilient stiffness of the pavement system (the total load per unit of resilient load plate deflection) was also calculated for the various freeze-thaw conditions. The modulus values of the asphalt cement concrete varied inversely with its temperature by an order of magnetide (90,000 psi to 1,300,000 psi). The resilient stiffness of the pavement system varied in the same manner by nearly a factor of eight (228.4 kips/in. to 1740.2 kips/in.). Despite the wide strength variations of the sections during freeze-thaw cycles, membrane-enveloped fine-grained soils can be utilized instead of granular materials as base and subbase layers in flexible pavements in cold regions where moisture migration is a major concern. Moisture migration did not occur at saturation levels up to 75%, thus there was no strength loss during thawing.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 24 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-12
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9404
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S.customary to metric units of measurement Introduction Freeze-thaw system Construction materials Controlled environment test section Outdoor sections Temperature monitoring instrumentation Repetitive plate bearing test apparatus Test results and analyses Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 94
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    Series available for loan
    Ice fog suppression using reinforced thin chemical films (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/26
    In: CRREL Report, 78-26
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice fog suppression experiments on the Fort Wainwright Power Plant cooling pond were conducted during the winters of 1974-76. Baseline information studies occupied a sizable portion of the available ice fog weather in 1974-75. Then hexadecanol was added to the pond and dramatically improved visibility by reducing fog generated from water vapor released by the pond at -14 C. Although this temperature was not low enough to create ice fog, the cold vapor fog created was equally as devastating to visibility in the vicinity of the pond. During the winter of 1975-76, suppression tests were continued using films of hexadecanol, mixes of hexadecanol and octadecanol, and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGME). Suppression effectiveness at colder temperatures was stuided and limits to the techniques were probed. A reinforcing grid was constructed that prevented breakup of the film by wind and water currents. Lifetime tests indicated that EGME degrades much more slowly than either hexadecanol or the hexadecanol-octadecanol mix. The films were found to be very effective fog reducers at warmer temperatures but still allowed 20% to 40% of normal evaporation to occur. The vapor thus produced was sufficient to create some ice fog at lower temperatures, but this ice fog occurred less frequently and was more quickly dispersed than the thick fog that was present before application of the films.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-26
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9456
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Ice fog from cooling ponds Evaporation Relative humidity and cold air Ice fog suppression Air movement Plastic films Rafts Injection wells Cooling towers Chemical films Reinforced film experiments Meteorological data collection Floating reinforcement grid Application of the hexadecanol film Hexadecanol, octadecanol mixes Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether Laboratory tests of suppression effectiveness Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Design for an automatic thin chemical film applicationsystem Appendix B. Meteorological data
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  • 95
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    Series available for loan
    River channel characteristics at selected ice jam sites in Vermont (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/25
    In: CRREL Report, 78-25
    Description / Table of Contents: The objectives of this investigation were to describe channel characteristics and geographic settings of ice jam sites from aerial photographic interpretation, to indicate which characteristics may be important in causing ice jams, and to suggest additional uses of aerial photographs. Aerial photographs were taken of 19 sites with a Zeiss RMK 15/23 aerial camera on 17, 19, and 21 April 1976. Uncontrolled photomosaics of each site were assembled and major river characteristics were delineated on the photomosaics. Characteristics described include: manmade structures, falls, rapids, changes in channel depths, channel islands, mid-channel shoals or bars, river bed material, river sinuosity, meanders, floodplain width, riparian vegetation, and types of development on the floodplain. River channel widths were measured from the photographs along rivers where ground truth data were available for comparison. Lengths of channel riffles and pools were measured along the rivers where variations in river depths were evident on the photographs. Seventy-nine percent of the sites have some form of flow control structure which causes a pool with a backwater condition of low velocity. The low flow condition in the pool allows a solid ice cover to form which impedes ice movement and initiates ice jams. Aerial photographs provide a regional perspective for evaluating channel characteristics at an ice jam site and for analyzing the geographic setting at each site during ice-free conditions. Photographs taken after ice jams have formed are useful in monitoring ice jam formation, in analyzing ice characteristics, and in documenting ice jam breakup and movement.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 60 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-25
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9458
    Language: English
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  • 96
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    Series available for loan
    Performance of the St. Marys River ice booms, 1976-1977 (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/24
    In: CRREL Report, 78-24
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-24
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9383
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Comparison of winters Ship effects Measured forces Sequential breaking of the structure Discussion Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Force level fluctuations in west ice boom, 20 January 1977
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  • 97
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    Series available for loan
    Influence of freezing and thawing on the resilient properties of a silt soil beneath an asphalt concrete pavement (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/23
    In: CRREL Report, 78-23
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 53 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-23
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9380
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Conversion factors: Metric (SI) to U.S. customary units of measurement Introduction Selection of experimental approach Previous investigations of effect of freeze-thaw on soil deform ability Selection of laboratory test method Selection of method of field validation tests Field repeated-load plate-bearing tests Test pavements, soils and materials Test procedures and results Resilient modulus of subgrade calculated from field tests Mathematical model Characterization of asphalt concrete Characterization of frozen silt Calculated resilient modulus of silt within the zone of freezing Laboratory repeated-load triaxial tests Specimens, equipment and testing procedures Apparatus Procedures Resilient properties calculated from laboratory tests Calculation methods Asphalt concrete - test results Asphalt concrete - statistical analysis and discussion Silt - test results Silt - statistical analysis Discussion and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Repeated-load plate-bearing test results Appendix B. Laboratory repeated-load triaxial test results Appendix C. Regression equation coefficients for resilient modulus and Poisson’s ratio from repeated-load triaxial test data on asphalt concrete and silt Appendix D. Detailed procedures for repeated-load triaxial testing
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  • 98
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    Series available for loan
    Undersea pipelines and cables in polar waters (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/22
    In: CRREL Report, 78-22
    Description / Table of Contents: Special environmental factors that influence the design, laying and maintenance of undersea pipelines and cables in polar waters are described. Various approaches to the protection of submarine pipes and cables are considered, and prime emphasis is given to burial techniques for shallow water. A wide range of methods for trenching and burying are discussed, and technical data are given.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 36 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-22
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9387
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Types of pipelines and cables Potential hazards to pipelines and cables Areas of concern Waterdepth Sea ice Icebergs and ice islands Submarine permafrost Ice gouging Seabed erosion by water jets Protection methods Protection of unburied pipes and cables Protection by burial Backhoe digging Wireline equipment Plowing and ripping from the surface Plowing and ripping by self-propelled seabed vehicles Bucket ladder dredges Suction dredging Conventional cutterhead dredges Low pressure water jetting Bottom-traveling cutterhead dredges Explosive methods Novel methods Disc saws, wheel ditchers and milling drums Ladder trenchers and chain saws Repetitive impulse devices High pressure water jets Flame jets and plasma torches Electrical discharge and electromagnetic radiation Chemical methods Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 99
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    Series available for loan
    Measurement and identification of aerosols collected near Barrow, Alaska (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/20
    In: CRREL Report, 78-20
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Measurements of the concentrations of Aitken nuclei in maritime air were made near Barrow, Alaska, in June 1975 with a modified Nolan-Pollack small-particle detector. The concentrations varied from 50 to 300 particles cm^-3 depending upon meteorological conditions. The mean Aitken nuclei count was 100 particles cm^-3 for diameters greater than 2 x 10^-3 μm. Transmission electron micrographs of aerosols in maritime air near Barrow were taken. The size range was measured to be 0.01 to 2.5 μm in diameter with the most frequently observed diameter being 0.04 μm. The volume of the maritime air and the collection efficiency of aerosol particles on filmed grids for electron microscopy were measured. The aerosol concentrations were found to be 76 to 101 particles cm^-3 ; the mean concentration was calculated to be 87 particles cm^-3. The aerosol particles in the maritime air were identified by electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction analysis. About 20% of the aerosol particles were identified, and 80% of the particles were too small for electron diffraction analysis. Sea salt particles constituted 2% of the total, and clay minerals 3%; these particles were considered to be of natural origin. Solid combustion by-products such as coagulated carbon particles and fly ash particles constituted 16%. Despite the comparative remoteness of the sampling site, the measurements indicate that many anthropogenic aerosols were found using an electron microscope.
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    Pages: iv, 48 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-20
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9391
    Language: English
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  • 100
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    Series available for loan
    Freeze-thaw tests of liquid deicing chemicals on selected pavement materials (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/28
    In: CRREL Report, 77-28
    Description / Table of Contents: Tests were conducted to assess the extent of surface degradation resulting from the application of non-chloride deicing chemicals on three types of airfield pavements. The chemicals tested were proprietary mixtures of urea, formamide, and ethylene glycol; sodium chloride, distilled water, and dry specimens were used as controls and for comparison. Pavements included new and old specimens of open-graded asphaltic concrete and old specimens of dense-graded asphaltic concrete. Portland cement concrete specimens used were new and old, with and without air-entrainment. New and old tar rubber concrete specimens were also tested. Samples were subjected to up to 60 freeze-thaw cycles with deicing chemicals flooding their upper surface. Each specimen was rated on a scale of 0-5 after every five freeze-thaw cycles. All PCC specimens showed some surface degradation, whereas the dense- and open-graded asphaltic concretes were largely unaffected.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-28
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9501
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) Units of measurement Introduction Test procedure Pavement types Deicing chemicals Description of tests Discussion Literature cited Appendix A: Test results Appendix B: Portland cement concrete materials data
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