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  • English  (1,008)
  • Spanish  (8)
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  • 1980-1984  (408)
  • 1955-1959  (3)
  • 1987  (612)
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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Call number: PIK N 630-13-0084 ; AWI Bio-22-20909
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 178 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 0-521-30868-2 , 0-521-54409-2
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Preface Acknowledgements 1 Introduction Terms and abbreviations 2 The biogeographlcal setting Geology, physiography, and surface materials The structural framework Pleistocene geology Bioclimates Arctic and its three subzones Subarctic zone Boreal zone Eastern temperate zone Grassland zone Pacific and Cordilleran zones 3 Autecology and pollen representation Introduction Transcontinental, primarily boreal taxa Eastern, primarily temperate taxa Pacific-Cordilleran taxa Arctic taxa Modern regional pollen spectra The Western Interior The eastern plains transect The Pacific-Cordilleran transect General comments on the modern pollen spectra 4 Full-glacial refugla The southern refugia Pacific-Cordilleran refugia Interior plains and eastern region The Beringian refugia 5 Eastern Canada-fossil record and reconstruction Introduction The late glacial - 12,700 to 10,000 yr BP Southern Quebec and New Brunswick Maritime Canada The Great Lakes Basin Vegetation reconstruction The Holocene - 10,000 yr BP to the present Southern Quebec and New Brunswick The Maritimes, Labrador, and Northern Quebec The Great Lakes Vegetation reconstruction Boreal region 6 The Western Interior Sites near the forest-grassland transition Sites within the modern boreal forest Sites near the modern forest-tundra boundary 7 Pacific-Cordilleran region Southern Pacific zone Southern Cordilleran zone Northern Pacific zone Northern Cordilleran zone 8 Vegetation reconstruction and palaeoenvironments Introduction Origins and history Eastern temperate forests Boreal forest Grasslands and parklands Pacific-Cordilleran complex Tundra (arctic) Palaeoenvironmental controls Climate The Milankovitch model Full-glacial conditions Late-glacial and Holocene Fire Pathogens Paludification Problems for the future Climate disequilibrium Spatial resolution Pollen source area Concluding comments Appendix References Index
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  • 2
    Call number: 5/M 92.1329/40
    In: Geophysical monograph
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 323 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 087590064X
    Series Statement: Geophysical monograph 40
    Classification:
    Tectonics
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Washington, DC : U.S. Gov. Print. Off.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: MOP Per 603(80-1)
    In: Natural disaster survey report, 80-1
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: V, 60 S.
    Series Statement: Natural disaster survey report 80-1
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Washington : American Geophysical Union [u.a.]
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 5/M 92.1329/39
    In: Geophysical monograph
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VII, 486 S.
    ISBN: 0875900666
    Series Statement: Geophysical monograph 39
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Kingston : Antarctic Division
    Call number: AWI P3-89-0313
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 140 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: third edition
    ISBN: 0642117837
    Language: English
    Note: Contents INTRODUCTION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1. GOING OUT? requirements to be met, minimum equipment, field trips 2. STATIONS AND BASES Macquarie Island, Commonwealth Bay, Casey, Edgeworth David, Davis, Law, Mawson, Heard Island 3. TRAVEL IN ANTARCTICA blizzards, whiteout, revasses, sea ice hazards and emergency 4. LIGHT-WEIGHT TRAVEL IN ANTARCTICA walking, skiing, manhauling, dog sledging 5. MOTORISED TOBOGGANS operation, sledges 6. HEAVY VEHICLE TRAVEL IN ANTARCTICA planning, train methods, navigating, extracting crevassed vehicles, Hagglunds on sea ice 7. AIRCRAFT TRAVEL safety, loading, flying, ground-to-air signals, marshalling, forced landings 8. SMALL BOAT TRAVEL safety, minimum equipment, emergency action 9. CLOTHING AND FIELD EQUIPMENT wearing clothing properly, knot tying, slings, harnesses, karabiners, jumars, anchors, ice axes, crampons, packs, sleeping gear 10. SNOW AND ICE TECHNIQUES step-cutting, descending, self-arresting, roping up for climbing, belays, abseiling, roping up for glacier travel, extraction from crevasses, rescue stretcher use 10. SHELTER tent erection, Apple huts, primus, tilley lamp, emergency shelters, bivouac for a lone person 12. FIELD RATIONS packs, cooking, emergency food 13. NAVIGATION maps, magnetic compass, magnetic variation, bearings, locating south at night, locating north, vehicle compass, trail marking 14. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS VHF channels, VHF repeater, VHF hand-helds and repairs, vehicle VHF, HF frequencies, HF radios, HF antennae, EPIRBs, PIRBs, Radio Box, Selcal, callsigns, schedules, Morse, to ships and aircraft, distress and urgency calls 15. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES AND SEARCH AND RESCUE priorities, lost individual, lost party, searchmasters, SAR phases, search techniques, location by dipole aerial, radio failure on Macquarie Island 16. ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION Antarctic Treaty and acts, SPAs, SSSis, offences, Heard and McDonald Islands, Macquarie Island, Southern Ocean APPENDIX I. Field camp equipment list APPENDIX II. Distances, weights and volumes
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  • 6
    Call number: ZSP-558-24 ; MOP 46209 / Mitte
    In: Middle atmosphere program
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 97 S.
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Call number: Q 3012(1)
    In: CSTG bulletin
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: iv, 113 S.
    Series Statement: CSTG bulletin 1
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Call number: ZSP-553-19
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 52 S. : Ill., graph. Darst
    ISBN: 8717055628
    ISSN: 0106-1046
    Series Statement: Meddelelser om Grønland : Geoscience 19
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
    Call number: AWI P6-09-0028
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 15 S. : graph. Darst.
    Edition: 2nd Ed.
    ISBN: 0642514755
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Budapest : Az Orszagos Meteor. Szolgalat
    Call number: MOP 45116 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 189 S.
    ISBN: 9637701265
    Uniform Title: Teoretichni osnovi fazovite prekhodi na vodata v atmosferata
    Language: English
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  • 11
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall
    Call number: M 97.0284
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XX, 492 S. + 1 Diskette (5,25")
    ISBN: 0132141493
    Series Statement: Prentice-Hall signal processing series
    Classification:
    C.2.9.
    Language: English
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  • 12
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    New York [u.a.] : Springer
    Call number: M 97.0392
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 276 S.
    ISBN: 0387963782
    Series Statement: Materials research and engineering
    Classification:
    C.5.2.
    Language: English
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  • 13
    Call number: Q 2348(25)
    In: Nabljudenija iskusstvennych sputnikov zemli
    Pages: 568 S.
    Language: English
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  • 14
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Koebenhavn : Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-683-134
    In: Rapport = Report
    Description / Table of Contents: Table of Contents: U-Pb and Rb-Sr age determinations on Caledonian plutonic rocks in the central part of the Scoresby Sund region, East Greenland / B. T. Hansen, R. H. Steiger & N. Henriksen. - Archaean U-Pb zircon ages form the Soresby Sund region, East Greenland / K. Higgins & B. Borchardt. - Isotopic age dating in Liverpool Land, East Greenland / B. T. Hansen & J. D. Friderichsen. - Rb-Sr and K-AR Caledonian ages from the Upper Eleonore Bay Group and Cambrian metasediments of the East Greenland Caledonian fold belt / M. G. Bonhomme & R. Caby
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 51 S. : graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: The Geological Survey of Greenland : Report 134
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Call number: ZSP-553-18
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 24 S.
    ISBN: 8717055644
    ISSN: 0106-1046
    Series Statement: Meddelelser om Grønland : Geoscience 18
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Paris : Commission Internationale des Grand Barrages
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 97.0270
    In: Bulletin / International Commission on Large Dams
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 185 S.
    ISSN: 0534-8293
    Series Statement: Bulletin / International Commission on Large Dams 59
    Classification:
    Applied Geology
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Stroudsburg [u.a.] : Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 10/M 93.0233
    In: Encyclopedia of earth sciences series
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXI, 1321 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Edition: 5. print.
    ISBN: 0879331801
    Series Statement: Encyclopedia of earth sciences series IVa
    Language: English
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  • 18
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    St. John's, Newfoundland : Geological Association of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 93.0068/33
    In: Geological Association of Canada special paper
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 259 S.
    Series Statement: Geological Association of Canada special paper 33
    Language: English
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  • 19
    Call number: M 93.0049 ; M 547
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 285 S. : graph. Darst.
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 20
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Malabar : Krieger
    Call number: M 97.0089
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 592 S.
    ISBN: 088275663X
    Classification:
    C.3.6.
    Language: English
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  • 21
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London [u.a.] : Academic Press
    Call number: M 93.0230
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XV, 362 S. : Ill.
    ISBN: 0121974804
    Series Statement: Ocean Science, Resources and technology
    Language: English
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  • 22
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Princeton : Princeton Univ. Pr.
    Call number: M 93.0104
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VII, 585 S.
    Language: English
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  • 23
    Call number: M 93.0148
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 590 S.
    Language: English
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  • 24
    Call number: 93.0022/17
    In: Reviews in mineralogy
    Description / Table of Contents: When Van't Hoff calculated the effect of solution composition on the gypsum-anhydrite transition a century ago, he solved a significant geochemical problem (Hardie, 1967). Other well known examples of the early use of chemical thermodynamics in geology are Bowen's calculations of the plagioclase melting loop and the diopside-anorthite eutectic (Bowen, 1913, 1928). Except for a few specialists, however, these techniques were largely ignored by earth scientists during the first half of the 20th century. The situation changed dramatically by the 1950's when more and better thermodynamic data on geologic materials became available, and when thermodynamic arguments of increasing sophistication began to permeate the petrologic and geochemical literature. This rejuvenation was spearheaded by D.S. Korzhinskii, H. Ramberg, J.B. Thompson, J. Verhoogen and others. Today a graduating petrologist or geochemist can be expected to have a thorough grounding in geological thermodynamics. Rapid intellectual growth in a field brings with it the difficulty of keeping abreast of parallel and diverging specialties. In order to alleviate this problem, we asked a group of active researchers to contribute up-to-date summaries relating to their specialties in the thermodynamic modeling of geological materials, in particular minerals, fluids and melts. Whereas each of these topics could fill a book, by covering the whole range we hope to emphasize similarities as much as differences in the treatment of various materials. For instance, there are useful parallels to be noted between Margules parameters and Pitzer coefficients. The emphasis here is on modeling, after the required data have been collected, and the approach ranges form theoretical to empirical. We deliberately imposed few restrictions on the authors. Some chose to interpret modeling in the rigorous thermodynamic sense, while others approached their topics from more general geochemical viewpoints. We hope that any lack of unity and balance is compensated for by a collection of lively and idiosyncratic essays in which students and professionals will find new ideas and helpful hints. If the selection appears tilted towards fluids, it is because other recent summaries have emphasized minerals and melts. The editors and authors of this volume presented a short course, entitled "Thermodynamic Modeling of Geological Materials: Minerals, Fluids amd Melts," October 22-25, 1987, at the Wickenburg Inn near Phoenix, Arizona.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIII, 499 S.
    ISBN: 0-939950-21-9 , 978-0-939950-21-8
    ISSN: 1529-6466
    Series Statement: Reviews in mineralogy 17
    Language: English
    Note: Chapter 1. Thermodynamic Analysis of Phase Equilibria in Simple Mineral Systems by Robert C. Newton, p. 1 - 34 Chapter 2. Models of Crystalline solutions by Alexandra Navrotsky, p. 35 - 70 Chapter 3. Thermodynamics of Multicomponent Systems Containing Several Solid Solutions by Bernard J. Wood, p. 71 - 96 Chapter 4. Thermodynamic Model for Aqueous Solutions of Liquid-like Density by Kenneth S. Pitzer, p. 97 - 142 Chapter 5. Models of Mineral Solubility in Concentrated Brines with Application to Field Observations by John H. Weare, p. 143 - 176 Chapter 6. Calculation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Species and the Solubilities of Minerals in Supercritical Electrolyte Solutions by Dimitri A. Sverjensky, p. 177 - 210 Chapter 7. Igneous Fluids by John R. Holloway, p. 211 - 234 Chapter 8. Ore Fluids: Magmatic to Supergene by George H. Brimhall and David A. Crerar, p. 235 - 322 Chapter 9. Thermodynamic Models of Molecular Fluids at the Elevated Pressures and Temperatures of Crustal Metamorphism by John M. Ferry and Lukas Baumgartner, p. 323 - 366 Chapter 10. Mineral Solubilities and Speciation in Supercritical Metamorphic Fluids by Hans P. Eugster and Lukas Baumgartner, p. 367 - 404 Chapter 11. Development of Models for Multicomponent Melts: Analysis of Synthetic Systems by Rober G. Berman and Thomas H. Brown, p. 405 - 442 Chapter 12. Modeling Magmatic Systems: Thermodynamic Relations by Mark S. Ghiorso, p. 443 - 466 Chapter 13. Modeling Magmatic Systems: Petrologic Applications by Mark S. Ghiorso and Ian S.E. Carmichael, p. 467 - 500
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  • 25
    Call number: 93.0259
    Pages: 86 S.
    Series Statement: The Open University. Science: A third level course. Case studies in earth science... , S336IG
    Language: English
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  • 26
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Moscow [u.a.] : Mir publishers [u.a.]
    Call number: M 93.0042 ; G 9156
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 330 S.
    ISBN: 3540091734
    Uniform Title: Geotektonika
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 27
    Call number: G 8341/1 ; M 93.0222
    In: Proceedings of the 5th quadrennial IAGOD Smposium (the International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits)
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 795 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 3510650948
    Language: English
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  • 28
    Call number: 4/M 90.1063 ; M 93.0062
    In: NATO ASI series
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXV, 782 S.
    ISBN: 9027726183
    Series Statement: NATO ASI series : C, Mathematical and physical sciences 218
    Language: English
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  • 29
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Tulsa : Soc.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 93.0231
    In: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. Special Publications
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: V, 320 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. Special Publications 28
    Language: English
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  • 30
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Athens : Theophrastus Publications
    Call number: M 93.0057
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 674 S.
    Language: English
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  • 31
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
    Call number: M 93.0115 ; 4/14609
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 558 S.
    ISBN: 3540164162
    Series Statement: Exploration of the deep continental crust
    Uniform Title: Kol'skaja sverchglubokaja
    Language: English
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  • 32
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Glasgow [u.a.] : Blackie [u.a.]
    Call number: M 93.0165 ; M 483 ; 14504
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 622 S. : graph. Darst.
    Edition: 1. Aufl.
    ISBN: 0216917948
    Language: English
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  • 33
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Rockville, MD : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Data and Information Service,
    Call number: PIK N 454-17-90910
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: x, 290 Seiten , Diagramme, Karten , 28 cm
    Language: English
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  • 34
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Madrid : Secc
    Call number: PIK N 456-17-90913
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 536 Seiten
    Series Statement: Ministerio de Transportes Turismo Y Comunicaciones : Publicación Serie A 114
    Parallel Title: 1,1=6; 2,1=13 von Publicaciones / D / Ministerio del Aire, Subsecretaria de Aviación Civil, Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
    Language: Spanish
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  • 35
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Scientific Publ.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: AWI Bio-99-0079-2
    In: The Northwest European Pollen Flora, II
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: V, 265 S. , zahlr. Ill.
    ISBN: 0444418806
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS: Preface / G. C. S. Clarke and W. Punt. - 8. Solanaceae / W. Punt and M. Monna-Brands. - 9. Saxifragaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 10. Boraginaceae / G. C. S. Clarke. - 11. Escalloniaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 12. Grossulariaceae / A.A.M.L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 13. Hydrangeaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 14. Parnassiaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 15. Plantaginaceae / G. C. S. Clarke and M. R.Jones. - 16. Valerianaceae / G. C. S. Clarke and M. R. Jones. - 17. Aceraceae / G. C. S. Clarke and M. R. Jones. - 18. Hippuridaceae / M. S. Engel. - 19. Haloragaceae / M. S. Engel. - 20. Papaveraceae / A. J. Kalis. - Index. - Errata.
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  • 36
    Call number: AWI E1-89-0347
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 50 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Preface. - Part I German oceanographic institutions. - Part II German oceanographic expeditions. - Part III German oceanographers. - References.
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  • 37
    Call number: AWI G7-19-92305
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 116 Blätter
    Language: English
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  • 38
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Washington DC : National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
    Call number: MOP 45346 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 176 Seiten
    Language: English
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  • 39
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 5/M 19.93185
    In: Geophysical monograph
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: vi, 154 Seiten , graphische Darstellungen
    Edition: Online edition Online-Ausg. [S.l.] : HathiTrust Digital Library
    ISBN: 0-87590-022-4
    Series Statement: Geophysical monograph 22
    Classification:
    Geomagnetism, Geoelectromagnetism
    Language: English
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  • 40
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Boston, Mass. : American Meteorological Society
    Call number: MOP 45485 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: iv, 322 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    ISBN: 0933876513
    Language: English
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  • 41
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    [Reading, Berkshire] : [European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts]
    Call number: MOP 44987 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: i, 97 Seiten , Illustrationen , 30 cm
    Language: English
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  • 42
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/8
    In: CRREL Report, 80-8
    Description / Table of Contents: This report presents the results of the tests on the new U.S. Coast Guard 140-ft icebreaker Katmai Bay (WTGB-101) in the level plate ice and brash ice in Whitefish Bay and the St. Marys River. The results indicate that the vessel can penetrate 22 in. of level freshwater ice with 2-3 in. of snow cover. It can also penetrate up to 48 in. of brash ice in a continuous mode and at least 30 in. of plate ice by backing and ramming. The installed bubbler system decreased the required power of the vessel from 10 to 30% in brash ice and 25 to 35% in level ice. The low friction coating appears to be effective in decreasing the friction factor when it remains intact; when it peels off it appears to make conditions worse than plain paint. An average dynamic friction factor of 0.15 could be used over the entire hull for these tests.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-8
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Metric conversion table Introduction Roughness and friction measurements Level plate ice performance Brash ice performance Ramming icebreaking performance Analysis of the data Propulsion efficiency in ice Regression analysis Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited
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  • 43
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-87/19
    In: CRREL Report, 87-19
    Description / Table of Contents: The approximate heat balance integral method (HBIM) is extended to the case of a medium with variable properties such as snow. The case of linear variation of thermal conductivity was investigated. An alternative heat balance integral method (AHBIM) was developed. Both constant surface temperature and surface heat flux were considered. A comparison was made of the temperature distribution from the HBIM, AHBIM and an analytical method for the case of constant surface temperature. In general, results agree quite well with the analytical method for small values of dimensionless time τ, but the difference becomes more pronounced as τ increases. It was found that the AHBIM with a quadratic temperature profile gave a somewhat better result, especially when the value of the dimensionless distance η is small. For a specific property function of E(η) = eη, closed form solutions were obtained. The results, when compared with those from HBIM, AHBIM and the analytical method were found to agree exceptionally well with the analytical method, especially for large values of τ.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 87-19
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Mathematical analysis Constant surface temperature Constant surface heat flux Comparison with exact solution Alternative method Conclusions and comments Literature cited Appendix A: Derivation of equation 25 Appendix B: Derivations of equations 37 and 40 Appendix C: Derivation of equations 37a and 40
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  • 44
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-87/20
    In: CRREL Report, 87-20
    Description / Table of Contents: The structure and salinity characteristics of saline ice slabs removed from ice sheets grown in an outdoor pool have been studied and related to the complex relative dielectric permittivity measured with free-space transmission techniques at 4.80 and 9.50 GHz. The saline ice closely simulated arctic sea ice in its structural and salinity characteristics, which were regularly monitored in a number of ice sheets grown during the winters of 1983-84 and 1984-85. In-situ transmission measurements at similar frequencies were also made on the ice sheets themselves using antennas located above and beneath the ice. The slab measurements were made during warming from -29° to -2°C on slabs grown during the winter of 1983-84 (4.75 GHz) and during a warming and cooling cycle over a slightly larger temperature range on slabs grown during the winter of 1984-85 (4.80 and 9.50 GHz).
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 41 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 87-20
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Part I - Structural properties Introduction Experimental setup Analytical techniques Results and discussion 1983-84 experiments 1984-85 experiments Conclusions and recommendations Part Il - Microwave properties Introduction Measurement techniques Results 1983-84 experiments 1984-85 experiments 1984-85 in-situ experiments Discussion Comparison of data Analytical modeling Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Dielectric mixing model of sea ice
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  • 45
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/2
    In: CRREL Report, 80-2
    Description / Table of Contents: Winter thermal structure and ice conditions in the land-fast ice cover of Lake Champlain were studied in detail for the winters of 1975-76 and 1976-77. The lake was instrumented to a depth of 8.5 m with a string of highly calibrated thermistors attached to an ice mooring system and connected to a data logger at Shelburne Point, Vermont, during the winter of 1975-76 and at Gordon Landing on Grand Isle, Vermont, during 1976-77. This data logger automatically recorded water temperatures from the surface of the lake though snow, ice and water vertical profiles to the bottom of the lake every four hours. Pertinent meteorological parameters are presented for the appropriate measurement sites during the two winter periods, November '75-April '76, and November '76-April '77. Computations were made of freezing degree days (C) for both winters and correlated with ice formation dates. Predictions of ice growth, using the Stefan equation with an empirical coefficient, were correlated with actual ice growth. Documentation was made of the Lake Champlain Transportation Company's first attempt at wintertime navigation by ferry from Gordon Landing, Vermont, to Cumberland Head, New York, in a land fast ice cover during one of the coldest winters of this century.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-2
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Objectives Climate Site preparation and data collection Instrumentation, measurements and calibration Relocation of measurement site, Fall 1976 Visual observations, ice conditions, and pertinent photography Analysis Air temperature comparisons Degree days of freezing Prediction of ice growth Water and ice temperature Wind Solar radiation Grand Isle ferry operations 1976-77 Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. General observations of ice conditions on Lake Champlain
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  • 46
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/23
    In: CRREL Report, 80-23
    Description / Table of Contents: The contribution of brine layers to observed reflective anisotropy of sea ice at 100 MHz is quantitatively assessed. The sea ice is considered to be a stratified, inhomogeneous, anisotropic dielectric consisting of pure ice containing ordered arrays of conducting inclusions (brine layers). Below the transition zone, the ice is assumed to have constant azimuthal c-axis orientation within the horizontal plane, so that the orientation of brine layers is uniform. The brine layers are also assumed to become increasingly well-defined with depth, since adjacent brine inclusions tend to fuse together with increasing temperature. A theoretical explanation for observed reflective anisotropy is proposed in terms of an isotropic electric flux penetration into the brine layers. Penetration anisotropy and brine layer geometry are linked to anisotropy in the complex dielectric constant of sea ice. In order to illustrate the above effects we present a numerical method of approximating the reflected power of a plane wave pulse incident on a slab of sea ice. Mixture dielectric constants are calculated for two polarizations of the incident wave: 1) the electric field parallel to the c-axis direction, and 2) the electric field perpendicular to the c-axis direction. These dielectric constants are then used to calculate power reflection coefficients for the two polarizations. Significant bottom reflection (R ~ 0.08) occurs when the polariza-tion is parallel to the c-axis. However, when the polarization is perpendicular to the c-axis, the return may be almost completely extinguished (R 〈 0.001). This extinction is due primarily to absorptive loss associated with the conduct-ing inclusions and secondarily to an impedance match at the ice/water interface that results in transmission of the wave to the water without reflection.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-23
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction Anisotropy and sea ice macrostructure Anisotropy and sea ice microstructure A theory of anisotropic radar return from sea ice Anisotropic electric flux penetration into brine layers Implications of normal exclusion, tangential penetration, and brine layer geometry for dielectric behavior of sea ice Modeling of electromagnetic reflection from a stratified, anisotropic, inhomogeneous lossy medium Calculation of mixture complex dielectric constants Calculation of interfacial power reflection coefficients Calculation of bulk power reflection coefficients Calculation of attenuated power reflection coefficients Beam spread Results Anisotropic bottom reflections Anisotropic complex dielectric constants Sensitivity of parameters Internal reflection: the bumps Discussion Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 47
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/18
    In: CRREL Report, 80-18
    Description / Table of Contents: The use of ice as a structural material is common practice for certain applications in cold regions. Techniques such as surface flooding or water spraying are used to accelerate ice growth rates, thereby lengthening the winter construction season. This report examines the heat and mass transfer rates from freely falling water drops in cold air. Design equations which predict the amount of supercooling of the drops as a function of outdoor ambient temperature, drop size and distance of fall are given
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 14 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-18
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Velocity problem Heat and mass transfer problem - A single drop Heat and mass transfer - A system of drops Literature cited Appendix A: FORTRAN IV program to calculate final drop temperature, air temperatureand humidity
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  • 48
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/19
    In: CRREL Report, 80-19
    Description / Table of Contents: During the period 1975-1978 the Federal Highway Administration sponsored a series of environmental engineering in­vestigations along the Yukon River to Prudhoe Bay Haul Road. In 1976 the Department of Energy joined these in­vestigations with a series of ecological projects which continue to the present. Both agencies research efforts were con­ducted on a cooperative basis with CRREL’s in-house research program. The objectives of the research focused on 1) an evaluation of the performance of the road, 2) an assessment of changes in the environment associated with the road, 3) documentation of flora and vegetation along the 577-km-long transect, 4) methodologies for revegetation and restoration, and 5) an assessment of biological parameters as indicators of environmental integrity. In support of these objectives, specific studies were undertaken that investigated the climate along the road, thaw and subsidence beneath and adjacent to the road, drainage and side slope performance, distribution and properties of road dust, vegetation distribution, vegetation disturbance and recovery, occurrence of weeds and weedy species, erosion and its control, revegetation and restoration, and construction of the fuel gas line. This report presents background, information on the region, detailed results of the road thaw subsidence and dust investigations, and summaries of revegetation, fuel gas line, vegetation distribution, soil, and weed studies.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: xv, 187 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-19
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Chapter 1. The road and its environment Introduction General physiography Regional climate Surficial and bedrock geology Permafrost and ground ice General biota Vegetation Floristic survey Vegetation mapping Soils and mapping Chapter 2. Roadbed performance and associated investigations Roadbed investigations Roadbed performance Performance of drainage features Performance of sideslopes Conclusions from road, drainage and sideslope performance studies Fuel gas line construction Chapter 3. Distribution and properties of road dust along the northern portion of the Haul Road Introduction Methods Results of wind direction and velocity measurements Dust load and distribution Particle size analyses of dust Chemical composition properties of dust and related samples Soil cation composition Dust impacts on vegetation Discussion and conclusions Chapter 4. Revegetation and restoration investigations Introduction Revegetation approaches Alyeska erosion control and revegetation program Weeds and weedy plants Performance of revegetation Alyeska willow cutting program CRREL restoration experiments Conclusions Revegetation recommendations General report recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: General environmental guidelines applicable to subarctic and arctic road construction Appendix B: University-based studies along the Yukon River-Prudhoe Bay Haul Road Appendix C: CRREL maps of Haul Road showing locations of all study Sites Appendix D: Additional Haul Road cross-sectional profiles Appendix E: Clay mineralogy of road-related materials Appendix F: List of reports in the Joint State/Federal Fish and Wildlife Ad­visory Team series
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  • 49
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/16
    In: CRREL Report, 80-16
    Description / Table of Contents: Eight species of loricate choanoflagellates (Acanthoccidae), Acanthoecopsis spiculifera, Bicosta spinifera, Bicosta antennigera, Callicantha simplex, Calliacantha multispina aff., Crinolina aperta, Diaphanoeca multionnulata, and Parvicorbicula socialis, were observed in samples obtained from the Weddell Sea during the austral summer, 1977. D. multiannulata was described for the first time from these samples; the other organisms have either been described previously or are being described at this time. The distribution of most species within the Weddell Sea was widespread. The distributional, environmental, and morphological range of A. spiculifera, B. spinifera, C. aperta, and P. socialis was expanded. Habitats in which choanoflagellates were found included the water column, the edges of ice floes, ponds on ice floes, and the interiors of ice floes. The presence of choanoflagellates within the ice indicates that there may be a closely coupled trophic relationship with the other two biological components of the ice community, the ice algae and the bacteria. The presence in the ice of seven species with both a caudal appendage and anterior projections suggests a positive relationship between this lorica configuration and the ice habitat. Mechanisms of variance of transverse costal diameters between genera may be useful to the taxonomy and phylogeny of this family.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-16
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Introduction Literature review Objectives Materials and methods Results Observations Distribution and environmental tolerances Discussion Morphology Distribution Habitat Summary Conclusions Recommendations for future work Literature cited Appendix A Type descriptions of Acanthoecidae collected from the Weddell Sea
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  • 50
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/13
    In: CRREL Report, 80-13
    Description / Table of Contents: Specimens prepared from various types of ice without introducing excessive defects were tested at temperatures ranging from -2° to -190°C. These tests indicated slightly higher Charpy values at lower temperatures and in more highly dispersed material concentrations. Three modes of fracture occurred during testing. Depending on the temperature and the material composition, either of the first two modes, normal fracture or multiple fracture, will appear and will show a normal frequency distribution of Charpy values in each type of ice. The third mode, fracture from both ends,which frequently occurred in the NH4F doped ice, gave Charpy values two to five times higher than the mean value for normal fracture. It can, therefore, be concluded that certain types of doping can alter the mode of fracture, through which drastic modifications of impact resistance my be possible.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-13
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface lntroduction Experimental Sample preparation Testing procedure Results General features Commercial Ice Notched commercial ice Sanded commercial ice Pure ice Single crystal ice Snow-ice Colloidal alumina-dispersed ice Colloidal silica.dispersed ice NH4F doped ice HF doped ice Discussion Literature cited
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  • 51
    Call number: MOP 45089 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: [55] Seiten
    Language: English
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  • 52
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/3
    In: (DE-B103)105551, CRREL Report
    Description / Table of Contents: Revegetation techniques were investigated for gravel soils in cold regions. Two gravel soil test sites were established in Hanover, New Hampshire, and Fairbanks, Alaska. During three growing seasons, we studied the applicability and cost effectiveness of various nutrient sources and mulch materials. The nutrient sources included sewage sludge (at 40, 60 and 80 tons/acre) and commercial fertilizer (at 200, 400 and 600 lb/acre). The mulching materials were wood fiber mulch with various types of tackifiers, peat moss, and sewage sludge. The effects of refertilization during the second growing season were also studied. At both sites the use of sewage sludge produced superior results in many respects to the use of fertilizer at the application rates studied. Grasses receiving sludge showed better establishment rates and greater plant cover and growth, and were able to withstand the hot drying conditions encountered during the summer months. Slightly quicker grass establishment was noted at the higher rates of application of each nutrient source in Fairbanks, while grass establishment at all sludge rates was good in Hanover. All fertilizer treatments performed poorly in Hanover. No evidence of winter injury to the grasses was noted in any of the treatments. Supplemental applications of nitrogen fertilizer in Hanover during spring of the second growing season proved highly beneficial. The fertilizer helped maintain grass growth even during dry summer conditions. The mulches were applied at the rate of 2,000 lb/acre. They were found to be important in providing a more nearly optimum environment for seedling establishment. Wood fiber mulch and the commercial Wood Fiber Mulch 2000, generally, were the best performers.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-3
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Literature review Experimental design Climate Results and discussion Nutrient sources Mulches Soil fertility Cost analysis Summary and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 53
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/6
    In: CRREL Report, 80-6
    Description / Table of Contents: Weekly measurements of the thickness of lake, river and fast sea ice made over a period of 10 to 15 years at 66 locations in Canada and Alaska are analyzed, and the portion of the data relating to maximum ice thickness and decay (i.e. the decrease in ice thickness) is examined. Ice thickness curves revealed individual patterns of ice decay, and comparisons between locations disclosed major contrasts in the amount of ice accretion and the times of maximum ice and ice clearance. Although many factors affect the ice decay process, this study investigates in detail the effect of thawing temperatures. Concurrent measurements of the air temperature at each location made it possible to analyze the relationship between accumulated thawing degree-days (ATDD) and ice cover decay. Other factors affecting ice ablation and breakup, such as snow-ice formation, snow cover depth, solar radiation and wind are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 160 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-6
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Data sources and literature review Canada Alaska Data tabulation Station selection Description of tabulated data Station location and ice measurement site descriptions Review of previous studies on maximum ice in North America Maximum ice thickness maps Date of maximum ice Plotting of the ice decay curves General procedures Categories of water bodies Ice decay at sea ice locations Envelope curves Average curves Snow-ice formation Ice decay at lake ice locations Average curves Regional variations and similarities Ice decay at river ice locations Variations in ice thickness Rapid ice clearance Comparison between Alaskan and Canadian river ice decay curves Incremental extraction of ice decay data for analysis purposes Selection of ice decay intervals Preliminary evaluation of the methodology Further considerations of the methodology Relationships between ice decay and thawing air temperatures Average daily vs maximum daily air temperature 10-day increments vs accumulated values Total years vs year-to-year analysis Evaluation of use of 0°C as a base Final format of the relationship between ice decay and ATDD Evaluation of the final form Possible causes for variations in slope values Decreasing sea ice thickness and thawing air temperatures Factors affecting sea ice decay Relationship between ATDD and sea ice decay Influence of solar radiation and wind on sea ice decay Literature cited Selected bibliography Appendix A. Ice thickness measurements and other related (or associated) observations for stations in Canada and Alaska Appendix B. Maps of least and greatest ice thickness observed at the time of maximum growth, and average date of occurrence Appendix C. Annual ice decay curves for stations in Canada and Alaska
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  • 54
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/4
    In: CRREL Report, 80-4
    Description / Table of Contents: The primary objectives of this study were to 1) prepare a map from Landsat imagery of the Upper Susitna River Basin drainage network, lakes, glaciers and snowfields, 2) identify possible faults and lineaments within the upper basin and within a 100-km radius of the proposed Devil Canyon and Watana dam sites as observed on Landsat imagery, and 3) prepare a Landsat-derived map showing the distribution of surficial geologic materials and poorly drained areas. The EROS Digital Image Enhancement System (EDIES) provided computer- enhanced images of Landsat-1 scene 5470-19560. The EDIES false color composite of this scene was used as the base for mapping drainage network, lakes, glaciers and snowfields, six surficial geologic materials units and poorly drained areas. We used some single-band and other color composites of Landsat images during interpretation. All the above maps were prepared by photointerpretation of Landsat images without using computer analysis, aerial photographs, field data, or published reports. These other data sources were used only after the mapping was completed to compare and verify the information interpreted and delineations mapped from the Landsat images. Four Landsat-1 MSS band 7 winter scenes were used in the photomosaic prepared for the lineament mapping. We mapped only those lineaments related to reported regional tectonics, although there were many more lineaments evident on the Landsat photomosaic.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 41 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-4
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Objectives Conclusions Introduction Background Previous cooperative investigations Project rationale and coordination Approach Landsat imagery Interpretation techniques Part I. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping the drainage network, lakes, glaciers and snowfields (Lawrence W. Gatto) Objective Methods Results Conclusions Part II. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping and evaluating geologiclineaments and possible faults (Carolyn J. Merry) Objective Geologic structure Methods Results Conclusions Part Ill. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping surficial materials Section A. Landsat mapping (Harlan L. McKim) Objective Methods Results Section B. Field evaluation (Daniel E. Lawson) Objectives Methods Results Discussion Section C. Conclusions (Daniel E. Lawson and Harlan L. McKim) Literature cited Glossary
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  • 55
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Boulder, Colorado : Geological Society of America
    Call number: MR 22.94957
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXI, 490 Seiten , Illustrationen, graphische Darstellungen
    ISBN: 0-8137-5401-1
    Series Statement: Centennial field guide 1
    Language: English
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  • 56
    Call number: MOP Per 861(9)
    In: Weather modification programme report, 9
    In: WMO TD, No. 182
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 136 Seiten
    Series Statement: WMP report 9
    Language: English
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  • 57
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cambridge : British Antarctic Survey
    Call number: AWI E3-89-0106
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 156 Seiten , 29 cm
    Edition: First edition: June 1987
    ISBN: 0856651230
    Language: English
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  • 58
    Call number: 4/O 8932
    In: Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: The particular behavior of trace metals in the environment is determined by their specific physico-chemical form rather than by their total concentration. The introduction of atomic absorption spectrometry has lead to a plethora of scientific papers and reports in which metal concentrations in the environment are only reported as total concentrations. Only recently has the need for improved knowledge on the various forms and bioavailability of metals been realised. Considerable research effort is now devoted to measuring the concentrations of trace metals in surface waters. Efforts are made to couple chemical analytical techniques to process-related biological problems. The proceedings of the workshop on The Speciation of Metals in Water, Sediment and Soil Systems held in Sunne, Sweden, comprise these efforts and show aspects for further cooperation between analytical chemists and biologists
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: V, 190 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: Online edition Springer eBook Collection. Earth and Environmental Science
    ISBN: 9783540477334
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 11
    URL: Volltext  (ZZ)
    Language: English
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  • 59
    Call number: MOP Per 601(8)
    In: Tegniese verhandeling / Republiek van Suid-Afrika, Weerburo, Department van Vervoer
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 31 Seiten
    Series Statement: Technical Paper 8
    Language: English
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  • 60
    Call number: MOP 45384/8 / Mitte
    In: WMO TD / World Meteorological Organization, No. 190
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 55 Seiten , 30 cm
    Series Statement: WMO TD / World Meteorological Organization 190
    Language: English
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  • 61
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/10
    In: CRREL Report, 80-10
    Description / Table of Contents: A mathematical model of coupled heat and moisture flow in soils has been developed. The model includes algorithms for phase change of soil moisture and frost heave and permits several types of boundary and initial conditions. The finite element method of weighted residual (Galerkin procedure) was chosen to simulate the spatial regime and the Crank-Nicholson method was used for the time domain portion of the model. To facilitate evaluation of the model, the heat and moisture fluxes were essentially decoupled; moisture flux was then simulated accurately, as were heat flux and frost heave in a laboratory test. Comparison of the simulated and experimental data illustrates the importance of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. It is one parameter which is difficult to measure and for which only a few laboratory test results are available. Therefore, unsaturated hydraulic conductivities calculated in the computer model may be a significant source of error in calculations of frost heave. The algorithm incorporating effects of surcharge and overburden was inconclusively evaluated. Time-dependent frost penetration and frost heave in laboratory specimens were closely simulated with the model. After 10 days of simulation, the computed frost heave was about 2.3 cm vs 2.0 cm and 2.8 cm in two tests. Frost penetration was computed as 15 cm and was measured at 12.0 cm and 12.2 cm in the two laboratory samples after 10 days.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 49 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-10
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction One-dimensional equations of simultaneous heat and moisture flux Moisture transport Heat transport Phase change Coupling effects Frost heave algorithm Development of computer model Finite difference vs finite element method Finite element formulation Time domain solution Evaluation of the mathematical model Heat flux Moisture flux Numerical dispersion Frost heave of homogeneous laboratory samples Conclusions Recommended studies to refine the model Literature cited Appendix A. Work plan, staffing and instrumentation requirements for correlating results oflaboratory frost susceptibility tests with field performance Appendix B. Proposed investigation of thaw weakening of subgrade soil and granular unboundbase course Appendix C. Derivation of finite element system matrices
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  • 62
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/24
    In: CRREL Report, 80-24
    Description / Table of Contents: The fluid shear stress applied to the underside of a simulated floating ice cover was measured in a laboratory flume. The measured values were compared with values of the shear stress computed from the von Karman-Prandtl velocity distribution fitted to the velocity profiles measured beneath the cover. For the lower velocity runs (approx 0.079 m/s) the measured and computed values of the shear stress were in close agreement. At the high velocity flows (approx 0.137 m/s) the measured values were roughly one-half those calculated from the velocity distribution. As the underside of the cover became increasingly rougher, the position of maximum velocity moved closer to the bottom of the channel. It was shown that the Darcy friction coefficient is exponentially related to a normalized ice cover thickness, which suggests that it is measure of the roughness of a fragmented ice cover.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 11 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-24
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction Experimental apparatus Experimental procedures Analysis of forces Experimental results Analysis of data Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 63
    Call number: AWI G6-19-93060
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 6 Seiten, 29 Blätter, 7 Seiten
    Language: German , French , English
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  • 64
    Call number: MOP 45138 / Mitte
    Description / Table of Contents: Highest concentrations at ground level are often produced from surface sources with stable atmospheric conditions and near calm winds. This report describes a weighted data methodology developed to predict surface concentrations from stationary wind-tunnel measurements and actual meteorological wind fields. Field measurements made downwind of the Rancho Seco Nuclear Power Station in 1975 have been compared against a set of wind-tunnel measurements around a 1:500 scale model of the same facilities. The weighted data algorithm was realistic in both predicting centerline concentration values as well as the horizontal spread of the plume.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 85 Seiten
    Series Statement: NUREG/CR 1474
    Language: English
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  • 65
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/28
    In: CRREL Report, 80-28
    Description / Table of Contents: This report investigates the feasibility of clearing ice from the shipping channel of the St. Marys River. Four basic concepts are investigated: disposal under the ice, disposal on top of the ice, slurrying, and rafting. Each technique was found to have application in limited portions of the river with the exception of disposal on top of the adjacent ice sheet which is deemed feasible throughout the river system. Disposal onto the adjacent ice sheet will increase the free stream velocity less than 1.0 ft/s (30.5 cm/s) and raise the water level less than 1.0 ft (0.30 m). Further model and field tests are recommended to validate the findings of this report.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-28
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction The Environment Ice Growth and Accumulation Natural Ice Transport Accumulation Sites 1. Under-ice accumulation 2. Accumulation on top of the ice Evaluation of Ice Disposal Techniques 1. General 2. Disposal by displacement under the remaining ice sheet 3. Disposal by ejection on top of adjacent ice cover 4. Disposal by slurrying 5. Disposal by rafting Conclusions and Recommendations Literature Cited
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  • 66
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Boston, Massachusetts : American Meteorological Society
    Call number: MOP 46673 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 276 Seiten
    Language: English
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  • 67
    Call number: MOP 47640 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 584 Seiten , Illustrationen , 30 cm
    Language: French , English
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  • 68
    Call number: MOP 46079 / Mitte
    In: DOE/ER / US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Research, 0083
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 124 Seiten , Illustrationen , 28 cm
    Series Statement: DOE/ER / US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Research 0083
    Language: English
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  • 69
    Call number: 17/M 96.0471
    In: Chemical analysis
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xiii, 1227 S.
    ISBN: 0471010561
    Series Statement: Chemical analysis 86
    Classification:
    C.3.3.
    Language: English
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  • 70
    Call number: ILP/M 06.0273
    In: Publication of the International Lithosphere Programme
    In: Geophysical Journal International
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xi, 497 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Publication of the International Lithosphere Programme 127
    Language: English
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  • 71
    Call number: ILP/M 06.0325
    In: Publication of the International Lithosphere Programme
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 380 S. : zahlr. graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: [Publication of the International Lithosphere Programme]
    Language: English
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  • 72
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Call number: M 15.89100
    Description / Table of Contents: This 1980 monograph develops from first principles the description of finite deformations of solids under stress and the forces acting, and also the expression of internal forces in terms of stress tensors. The important feature of the book is that elastic properties are discussed and developed consistently from classical thermodynamics. In other books, this point of view is acknowledged only by assuming the existence of an elastic energy function, thus restricting their range mainly to the problem of the spatial distribution of stresses and strains. Topics discussed as applications of the theory include thermal expansion, specific heats, stiffness and complicances, the effects of symmetry on thermodynamic properties, diffusion in a stressed solid, equilibrium in contact with a solution of the solid, phase stability, solid state phase transitions and twinning.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xvii, 338 S. , graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0-521-21237-5
    Series Statement: Cambridge monographs on physics
    Language: English
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  • 73
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Garmisch-Partenkirchen : Institut für atmosphärische Umweltforschung der Fraunhofer- Gesellschaft
    Call number: MOP 44829 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 25 S. , graph. Darst.
    Language: English
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  • 74
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Stuttgart : Schweizerbart Science Publishers ; Volume 1, number 1 (1978)-
    Call number: M 18.91571
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 134 Seiten
    ISSN: 2363-7196
    Series Statement: Global tectonics and metallogeny : special issue Vol. 10/2-4
    Classification:
    Tectonics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global tectonics and metallogeny
    Language: English
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  • 75
    Call number: ZSP-SCAR-570-2
    In: Report to SCAR on Antarctic research activities of Germany (FRG), 2
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 16 Seiten
    ISSN: 0179-0072
    Series Statement: Report to SCAR on Antarctic research activities of Germany (FRG) 2
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research of the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Station. - Antarctic Research Activities 1979-1980. - Planned Research Activities 1980-1981. - References.
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  • 76
    Call number: ZSP-201-87/2
    In: CRREL Report, 87-2
    Description / Table of Contents: This is the third in a series of four reports on the laboratory and field testing of a number of road and airfield subgrades, covering the laboratory repeated-load triaxial testing of five soils in the frozen and thawed states and analysis of the resulting resilient modulus measurements. The laboratory testing procedures allow simulation of the gradual increase in stiffnessfound in frost-susceptible soils after thawing. The resilient modulus is expressed in a nonlinear model in terms of the applied stresses, the soil moisture tension level (for unfrozen soil), the unfrozen water content (for frozen soil) and the dry density. The resilient modulus is about 10 GPa for the frozen material at temperatures in the range of -5° to -8° C. The decrease in modulus with increasing temperature was well-modeled in terms of the unfrozen water content. Upon thaw, the modulus dropped to about 100 MPa and generally increased with increasing confining stress and decreased with increasing principal stress ratio. The modulus also increased with the soil moisture tension level. The resilient Poisson's ratio did not appear to be a systematic function of any of the test variables.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 36 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 87-2
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test sections and materials Specimen preparation Test soils Asphalt concrete Laboratory testing Soil testing Waveforms of applied stress Asphalt concrete Data reduction and analysis Soil Asphalt concrete Results and discussion General Resilient modulus Summary Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Soil moisture tension versus water content for several test soils Appendix B: Tabulated results for all tests on frozen and thawed soils
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  • 77
    Call number: ZSP-201-87/3
    In: CRREL Report, 87-3
    Description / Table of Contents: This report describes the structural analysis of multi-year sea ice samples that were tested in the first phase of a program designed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical properties of multi-year sea ice from the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Each test specimen is classified into one of three major ice texture categories: granular, columnar, or a mixture of columnar and granular ice. The crystallographic orientation, percent columnar ice, and grain size are then evaluated for the granular and/or columnar ice in the sample. Test results are interpreted with respect to these parameters. The overall composition of multi-year ridges is also considered, based on the extensive field sampling that was done in the program
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 40 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 87-3
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Sample analysis Continuous multi-year ridge core Tested multi-year ridge ice samples Tested multi-year floe ice samples Ice description Uniaxial constant-strain-rate compression tests Uniaxial constant-load compression tests Uniaxial constant-strain-rate tension tests Triaxial constant-strain-rate compression test Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Multi-year ridge sample data Appendix B: Multi-year floe sample data
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  • 78
    Call number: MOP 46084 / Mitte
    Description / Table of Contents: This document is a report of research, design, environmental, coordination, and public involvement activities of the Water and Power Resources Service SCPP (Sierra Cooperative Pilot Project). The SCPP ia an investigation of the technical feasibility and social acceptability of winter cloud seeding in the Sierra Nevada to supplement the region's future water supply. This report explains the results of the 1979-80 winter field season and reviews research undertaken by the SCPP in previous seasons.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: vi, 72 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten
    Language: English
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  • 79
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-87/4
    In: CRREL Report, 87-4
    Description / Table of Contents: In this report we present results of measurements of the crystalline structure and salinity characteristics of sea ice in Hebron Fiord and vicinity, Labrador. Structurally, the fiord ice was entirely first year and composed predominantly of congelation, columnar-type crystals. At most of the sampling sites the ice exhibited moderately to strongly aligned c-axes consistent with the inferred direction of near surface currents in the fiord. Generally diminished values of bulk salinity at five separate locations reflect the warm ice conditions encountered at the time of sampling (late May) and the effect of meltwater flushing in promoting loss of brine, vertically, from the ice sheet. Observations outside Hebron Fiord indicated the presence of only minor amounts of multiyear ice during the latter part of May.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 25 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 87-4
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Abstract Preface Introduction Sampling procedure Analytical techniques Salinities Crystal structure Results Salinity Crystal structure Brine layer spacing Incidental temperatures Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Vertical and horizontal thin section photographs of sea ice from various sites
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  • 80
    Call number: ZSP-201-87/6
    In: CRREL Report, 87-6
    Description / Table of Contents: Two-phase dielectric mixing model results are presented showing the electromagnetic properties of sea ice versus depth. The modeled data are compared with field measurements and show comparable results. It is also shown how the model data can be used in support of impulse radar and airborne electromagnetic(AEM) remote sensing of sea ice. Examples of the remote measurement of sea ice thickness using impulse radar operating in the 80- to 300-MHz frequency band and low-frequency (500 to 30,000 Hz) sounding techniques are presented and discussed. Keywords: Polar regions; Radar pulses.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 55 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 87-6
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Sea ice growth and structure Model sea ice Brine salinity Seawater and model brine conductivity Complex dielectric constant of brine Electromagnetic properties of model sea ice at 100 MHz Electromagnetic properties of model sea ice at 100 and 500 MHz and 1 and 5 GHz Example of impulse radar sea ice profiling results Example of frequency-domain electromagnetic sea ice thickness sounding Concluding remarks Literature cited
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  • 81
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-87/15
    In: CRREL Report, 87-15
    Description / Table of Contents: Constant strain-rate tension tests were conducted on remolded saturated frozen Fairbanks silt at various temperatures, strain rates, and densities. It was found that the critical strain rate of the ductile-brittle transition is not temperature-dependent at temperatures down to -5°C, but varies with density. The peak tensile strength decreases considerable with decreasing strain rate for ductile failure, but it decreases slightly with increasing strain rate for brittle fracture. The failure strain remains almost constant at temperatures lower than about -2°C, but it varies with density and strain rate at -5°C. The initial tangent modulus is independent of strain rate and increases with decreasing temperature and density.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 29 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 87-15
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Testing Material Specimen preparation Testing procedure and apparatus Results Discussion Peak tensile strength, σm Failure tensile strain, ϵf Initial tangent modulus and 50% peak strength modulus Discussion of test techniques Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Physical properties of Fairbanks silt specimens Appendix B: Unfrozen water content data of Fairbanks silt with three typical water contents
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  • 82
    Call number: ZSP-201-87/17
    In: CRREL Report, 87-17
    Description / Table of Contents: The ability to map frazil ice deposits and water channels beneath an ice-covered river in central Alaska using the magnetic induction conductivity (MI) technique has been assessed. The study was performed during the first week of March of 1986 on the Tanana River near Fairbanks and employed a commercially available instrument operating at a fixed frequency with a fixed antenna (coil) spacing and orientation. Comparisons of the MI data with theoretical models based upon physical data measured along three cross sections of the river demonstrate the sensitivity of the MI technique to frazil ice deposits. The conductivity generally derived for the frazil ice deposits encountered is very low (approx. .00063 s/m) when compared with the measured value for water (approx. 0.011 S/m), and is similar to the calculated values for gravel and sandy gravel bed sediments. In all three cross sections, maxima in the apparent conductivity profiles correlated with frazil ice deposits. Difficulties, possibly due to adverse effects of cold weather upon instrument calibration, affected the quantitative performance of the instrument on one cross section, although the interpretation of the data (locations of open channels vs frazil deposits) was qualitatively unaffected.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 17 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 87-17
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Magnetic induction conductivity method Site description and survey methods Cross section field data and modeling results X6 X3A X4 Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: Discussion of errors Appendix B: Modeling data
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  • 83
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-87/22
    In: CRREL Report, 87-22
    Description / Table of Contents: This review discusses problems associated with the anomalous temperature-density relations of water. It covers a) onset of convection, b) temperature structure and natural convective heat transfer, and c) laminar forced convective heat transfer in the water/ice system. The onset of convection in a water/ice system was found to dependent on thermal boundary conditions, not a constant value as in the classical fluids that have a monotonic temperature-density relationship. The water/ice system also exhibits a unique temperature distribution in the melt layer immediately after the critical Rayleigh number is exceeded and soon after it establishes a more or less constant temperature region progressively deepening as the melt layer grows. The constant temperature is approximately 3.2°C for water layers formed from above but varies for melt layers from below. The heat flux across the water/ice interface was found to be a weak power function and to increase linearly with temperature for melted layers from above and below, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 43 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 87-22
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Analytical studies on the onset of convection in a horizontal water layer Experimental studies on the onset of convection in a circular horizontal melt layer Temperature structure and heat transfer In a horizontal layer In a circular horizontal melt layer pHeat transfer studies in nonplanar geometries Forced convective heat transfer over a melting surface Discussion and conclusions Onset of convection Temperature structure and natural convective heat transfer Laminar forced convective heat transfer Literature cited
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  • 84
    Call number: MOP 46951 / Mitte
    In: WMO TD, 164
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxvii, 230 Seiten , Illustrationen , 30 cm
    Series Statement: WMO TD 164
    Language: English , French , Spanish , Russian
    Note: Zusammenfassung in Englisch, Französisch, Spanisch und Russisch
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  • 85
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/5
    In: CRREL Report, 80-5
    Description / Table of Contents: This research comprised laboratory testing to determine the properties of asphalt-aggregate mixtures containing three grades of asphalt cements, and analyses to project the performance of pavements containing each of the asphalts, in resisting thermally induced distress and traffic-associated distress. From the results it is concluded that only the softest asphalt cement tested (AC 2.5) would perform satisfactorily in a cold climatic zone. The moderately soft (AC 5) and moderately hard (AC 20) asphalt cements showed little susceptibility to thermal cracking in a moderate and a warm climatic zone, respectively. The AC 2.5 and AC 5 asphalts are not recommended for use in warm climates, however, owing to increased susceptibility to rutting under traffic.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 55 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-5
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Research setting Objectives Materials, mixture designs, and tests Materials Mixture design tests Brazil test Resilient modulus test Data analysis Marshall tests Asphalt grade Compactive effort Aggregate type Data analysis Brazil tests Indirect tensile strength Tensile strain Vertical deformation Summary of Brazil test results Data analysis-resilIient modulus. Comparison of mixture susceptibility to temperature cracking General asphalt concrete stiffness Thermal cracking. Influence of asphalt cement properties Summary Comparison of mixture susceptibility to traftic-load-associated distress Stress/strain analysis Fatigue damage analysis Rutting analysis Strength correlations Marshall stability and indirect tensile strength Indirect tensile strength and resilient modulus Summary Summary and conclusions Recapitulation of investigations Summary of results Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Asphalt adggregate mixture properties by Marshall method Appendix B: Equations for calculating specimen properties from Brazil tests Appendix C: Calculated displacements, strains and stresses
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  • 86
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Pasay City, Philippines : Typhoon Committee Secretariat
    Associated volumes
    Call number: MOP 46950(1987) / Mitte
    In: ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee annual review, 1987
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Series Statement: ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee annual review 1987
    Language: English
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  • 87
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    [Edgecumbe, N.Z.] : A. Muller
    Call number: M 15.89146
    Description / Table of Contents: An account of the results of the 2 March 1987 earthquake in the eastern Bay of Plenty and the aftermath's effects on the people and places on the Rangitaiki Plains
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 223 S., , Ill.
    Language: English
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  • 88
    Call number: PIK N 453-26-90149
    Description / Table of Contents: Ohne Kurzreferat
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVIII, 253 Seiten , graph. Darst., Kt , 1 eingeheftete Beil., 19 Tafeln im Schuber
    Edition: 1st ed
    ISBN: 0080209254 (hbk) , 008020919X (pbk)
    Series Statement: Pergamon marine series 3
    Language: English
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
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  • 89
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    New York : Vintage Books
    Call number: IASS 16.90435
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 270 S.
    ISBN: 0394513576 , 039473954x (pbk.) , 9780394739540 (pbk.)
    Language: English
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 90
    Call number: ZSP-SCAR-570-9
    In: National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR, No. 9
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 34 Seiten
    ISSN: 0179-0072
    Series Statement: National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR 9
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Members of Permanent Working Groups and Groups of Specialists of SCAR. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 1986 - October 1987. - II. Planned Activities, October 1987 - October 1988. - References. - Addenda to Former Reports. - Index of Activities.
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  • 91
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Basingstoke, Hampshire [u.a.] : Macmillan Education
    Call number: PIK B 020-19-92667
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XV, 193 Seiten , Diagramme
    ISBN: 0333365801 (hardcover) , 0333416074 (paperback)
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: 1 Basic concepts ; 2 Cost functions and the theory of the firm ; 3 Elasticity, Efficiency and the theory of the firm ; 4 The Cobb-Douglas function ; 5 The CES function ; 6 The translog function ; 7 Technological progress ; 8 From firms to industry: the Johansen Production Model ; 9 Empirical work on production functions ; Bibliography ; Index
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  • 92
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Warschau
    Call number: MOP 47772 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: Mappe mit 13 Dokumenten in russischer und englischer Sprache
    Language: Russian , English
    Note: 1. Osnovnye naučnye dostiženija v oblasti issledovanija kosmosa za poslednie gody i perspektiva do 2000 goda / V. M. Balebanov 2. Kosmičeskoe Materialovedenie / Ju. A. Osip'jan, Č. Barta, R. Galonzka, R. Kul', L. Fal'kon 3. 20 let issledovanija v oblasti geliofiziki i astrofiziki v programme interkosmos / B. Val'niček 4. Daetsja kratkija obzor suščectvujuščich orbital'nych stancija rassmatrivajutsja tendencii razvitija / Ju. P. Semenov, L. A. Gorškov 5. Meždunarodnye pilotiruemye polety po programme "Interkosmos" / P. I. Klimuk, Ju. A. Gagarina 6. Summary of the twenty-year cooperation and the prospects of studies on space physics within the framework of the Intercosmos Program 7. Issledovanija na biosputnikach / S. Baran'ski, K. Gecht, E. A. Il'in, L. Macho 8. Meteorology : Intercosmos 1967-1987 9. Utilizing data obtained by remote sensing of the earth / N. A. Armand, G. Ganzorig, J. Kolarzh, K. Marek, B. Nej, L. Ortega, To Kuang Tkhing 10. Indian Space Programme and the cooperation with Intercosmos / u. R. Rao, Y. S. Rajan 11. Short summary of the most important scientific-methodological and research activities in the field of remote sensing of the Earth , within the framework of the Intercosmos Program in the years 1975-1987 12. Razvitie eksperimental'noi techniki distancionnogo zondi-rovanija zemli / R. Joachim, E. Bach, A. Gšvindt, D. Mišev, Ja. L. Ziman 13. Ispol'zovanie sputnikovoj informacii v prognoze pogody / A. Burcev, G. Major, V. Šarov
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  • 93
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/9
    In: CRREL Report, 80-9
    Description / Table of Contents: Explosive cratering tests were conducted in seasonally frozen and thawed gravel at Ft. Richardson near Anchorage, Alaska, and in seasonallly frozen and thawed silt overlying permafrost and in silt permafrost at Ft. Wainwright near Fairbanks, Alaska. Explosive charge weights ranged from 26 to 3120 lb and charge burial depths ranged from about 3 to 40 ft. The cube root of the charge weight scaling was used to determine maximum scaled crater dimensions and optimum scaled depth of burial of the charge. Test results for frozen and thawed gravel were essentially the same because of the low moisture content and the relatively shallow depth of freezing (5 to 6 ft). The optimum depth of burial of the charge for maximizing the apparent radius and depth and the true radius was about 1.8 times the cube root of the charge weight for both the frozen and thawed conditions. In seasonally frozen silt overlying a talik and silt permafrost the maximum scaled crater dimensions and optimum scaled burial depths of the charge were smaller than for the thawed condition except for the true crater dimensions. The channeling of energy in the talik produces maximum crater dimensions and an optimum burial depth for the true crater that is larger than for the thawed condition. The results for the homogeneous silt permafrost were very similar to the frozen gravel results with much smaller maximum crater dimensions and smaller optimum charge burial depths than for the thawed silt overlying permafrost.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-9
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Metric conversion table Introduction Test sites Test procedures and materials Analysis of test data Mobility tests Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 94
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-87/13
    In: CRREL Report, 87-13
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermodynamic properties of electrolyte solutions change rapidly below 25C, but these properties are seldom measured over the low temperature range (below 0C), even though some salt solutions can remain unfrozen to -50C. The heat capacities of concentrated solutions (0.5-0.6 molal) of NaC-H2O were measured from 25C to -40C as part of a study to provide thermodynamic data of salt solutions for use in cold regions chemical and geophysical studies. A differential scanning calorimeter was used to measure specific heat capacity from cooling scans as a function of temperature and concentration. The heat capacity data were fit to the equations of Pitzer and coworkers to obtain activity and osmotic coefficients of NaC and H2O, respectively, below o C. Supercooling of the solutions was encouraged by using a fast scan rate (10d2/minute) so that specific heat could be measured to lower temperatures than would be possible if the solutions were allowed to equilibrate with the solid phases. The solubility of ice was calculated and compared to the experiment freezing point of NaC solutions.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 87-13
    Language: English
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  • 95
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-87/10
    In: CRREL Report, 87-10
    Description / Table of Contents: Uniaxial constant-stress and constant-strain-rate compression tests were conducted on more than 200 remolded, saturated, frozen specimens of Fairbanks silt under various conditions. A series of curves of stress vs strain rate for various temperatures of strain rates ranging from about 6x10-2 to 10-8s-1show a close strength correspondence between the constant-stress and-costant strain-rate tests. All of these "complete" stress vs strain rate curves could not be described by a single power law or exponential equation, indicating that different deformation mechanisms are dominant within different ranges of strainrate Two critical strain rates for distinguishing between the different deformation mechanisms were ob-served to be near 10- 3 and 10-6 s-1 for the medium-dense frozen Fairbanks silt. The former indicates the transition from ductile failure to moderate brittle fracture as strain rate increases, while the latter indicates the transition from dislocation creep to glide creep (by the authors' definition). Based on the change in flow law, two fundamental creeps were classified: short-term creep, which is governed by glide creep, and long-term creep, which is governed by dislocation creep. The failure criterion of frozen silt has a general form of em x tm = Ef, where m depends only on density, and tm is in minutes if m is not 1. The failure strain Ef was not sensitive to temperature and strain rate over a certain range of strain rates, but it was very sensitive to density. Assur's creep model (1980) for ice was used to fit the creep data in this study. It works well for short-term creep but does not fit as well for long-term creep. The rate process theory was applied to the creep data. A very high value of experimental activation energy was obtained for lower stresses, and a very high value of apparent activation energy was observed for higher temperatures. The peak compressive strength was very sensitive to temperature and strain rate but relatively insensitive to density. While the initial tangent modulus is not-sensitive to strain rate, it increases with decreasing temperature and density.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 75 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 87-10
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Review of previous work Specimen preparation Material Molding Testing procedure and apparatus Test results Definition of strain and stress Definition of creep failure Definition of failure in constant-strain-rate tests Definition of initial yield strength Determination of initial tangent modulus and 50% peak strength modulus Creep behavior General nature of the creep process and the failure mode Minimum creep rate Time to creep failure Relationship between t, and tm Creep failure strain and failure criterion Creep model and prediction of creep strain Strength behavior General stress-strain behavior and failure mode Peak compressive strength Initial yield strength Failure strain Initial yield strain Initial tangent modulus 50% peak strength modulus Correspondence between constant-stress tests and constant-strain-rate tests Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Unfrozen water content data Appendix B: Physical properties of samples tested
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  • 96
    Call number: ZSP-201-87/14
    In: CRREL Report, 87-14
    Description / Table of Contents: During February and March 1980 the physical properties of Weddell Sea pack ice were investigated via core drilling of 66 floes located along the transect of 600 nautical miles from 64°S to 74°S latitude at roughly 40°W longitude. These studies revealed widespread frazil ice in amounts not known to exist in Arctic sea ice of comparable age and thickness. It is estimated from structure studies of 62 of the 66 floes that 54% of the total ice production of the Weddell Sea is generated as frazil. The disposition and exceptional thickness of the frazil show that mechanisms other than surface turbulence effects are involved and imply that the circulation and structure of the water in the upper levels of the Weddell Sea are significantly different from those in the Arctic basin. Salinities of both first-year and multi-year floes are notably higher than those of their Arctic counterparts because summer surface melting is rare or absent in the Weddell Sea; in the Arctic, downward percolating meltwater flushes through the ice and lowers its salinity. Fluorescence was evaluated as a means of revealing biological activity in Weddell Sea pack ice. It proved useful as an index of combined living and dead material in the ice, but measurements failed to establish any consistent relationship between fluorescence and salinity as suggested be earlier work in the Weddell Sea.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 80 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 87-14
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction Sea ice structure and classification Logistics and field operations Analytical techniques Crystalline structure Fluorescence Results Salinity Crystalline structure Fluorescence Description of selected floes Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Floe descriptions
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  • 97
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-87/21
    In: CRREL Report, 87-21
    Description / Table of Contents: The author measured time series of longitudinal (u) and vertical (w) velocity and temperature (t) and humidity (q) fluctuations with fast-responding sensors in the near-neutrally stable surface layer over a snow-covered field. These series yielded individual spectra and u-w, w-t, w-q and t-q cospectra, phase spectra and coherence spectra for nondimensional frequencies (fz/U) from roughly 0.001 to 10. With the exception of the u-w cospectra, all the spectra and cospectra displayed the expected dependence on frequency in an inertial or inertial-convective subrange. All, however, contained significantly more energy at low frequency than the Kansas neutral-stability spectra and cospectra. This excess low-frequency energy and the erratic behavior of the u-w cospectra imply that forested hills bordering the site on two sides were producing disturbances in the flow field at scales roughly equal to the height of the hills, 100 m. The phase and coherence spectra suggest that internal gravity waves were also frequently present, since the atmospheric boundary layer generally had slightly stable stratification. Consequently, at this complex site, turbulence alone determines the spectra and cospectra at high frequency; at low frequency the spectra and cospectra reflect a combination of topographically generated turbulence and internal waves. From the measured temperature and humidity spectra and the t-q cospectra, the author computed refractive index spectra for light of 0.55-micrometer and millimeter wavelengths. The refractive index spectra had shapes like the other scalar spectra: excess energy at low frequency and an inertial-convective subrange at high frequency.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 50 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 87-21
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Measurements Spectra u and w velocity spectra Temperature and humidity spectra Inertial-dissipation estimates Cospectra u-w cospectra w-t and w-q cospectra t-q cospectra Refractive index spectra Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 98
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/26
    In: CRREL Report, 80-26
    Description / Table of Contents: A vital concern to the survivability of hardened underground structures in rock is the relative displacement induced along geologic discontinuities by nearby explosions. Such displacement, commonly termed block motion, can occur along faults, joints, bedding planes and other structural weaknesses in rock. This report documents all occurrences of block motion observed during the development of DIHEST, a series of shallow-buried high explosive experiments designed to simulate the direct induced ground motions from a nuclear surface burst. Instances of block motion are described, along with pertinent details of the explosive arrays, geology and ground motion fields. The influence of these and other factors on the direction and magnitude of block motion is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 62 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-26
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction STARMET Test description Test results PLANEWAVE II Test description Test results DATEX II Test description Test results HANDEC II Test description Test results ROCKTEST II Test description Test results Summary and discussion Literature cited
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  • 99
    Call number: MOP 45169 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 100
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/11
    In: CRREL Report, 80-11
    Description / Table of Contents: Four types of roof leaks occurred at a new school building in Chevak, Alaska: 1) blowing snow entered the roof through eave vents and then melted, 2) slush and ice in roof valleys caused meltwater to overflow the valley flash­ing and run into the building, 3) water entered at a roof/wall intersection and 4) in many areas water entered through gaps in the sloping plywood deck. Sealing the eave vents made it impossible for blowing snow to enter the roof at the eaves. Electric heat tapes eliminated the valley icing problem. Missing flashing was responsible for the roof/wall intersection leaks. The absence of a vapor barrier in the roof was the cause of many leaks. We recom­mended that the roof be repaired from the exterior by removing component elements down to the plywood deck,installing an adhered continuous vapor barrier and reassembling the roof. An alternative roof cladding of compos­ition shingles was discussed as was conversion to a “cold roof.” The roof was repaired and modified following our recommendations, and problems appear to have been solved.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-11
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Description of school Roof problems Snow infiltration leaks Valley leaks Intersection leaks Condensation leaks Tests to verify the cause of condensation leaks Eliminating the condensation leaks Recommendations for eliminating condensation leaks Repairing existing roof An alternative roof cladding The "cold roof" alternative Repairs and modifications Summary and conclusions
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