ALBERT

Note: CONTENTS: Foreword / Klaus Hasselmann. - GROUP HASSELMANN. - Improving the SIAM Economy Module / Volker Barth. - A Nonlinear Impulse Response Model of the Coupled Carbon Cycle-Ocean-Atmosphere Climate System / Georg Hooß. - Potential Impact of Uncertainty and Natural Climate Variability in the Design of Optimal Climate Protection Policies / Victor Ocaña. - Climate Change Detection for the Annual Cycle of Temperature and Precipitation / Reiner Schnur. - Estimating the Sensitivity of a Regional Atmospheric Model to a Sea State Dependent Roughness Using Ensemble Calculations / Ralph Weisse, Hauke Heyen, and Hans von Storch. - CLIMATE MODEL AND DATA SECTION DKRZ. - Modellbetreuungsgruppe - An Update / Ulrich Cubasch. - Prediction of Global Change Using Different Models: An Intercomparison / Ulrich Cubasch. - The ECHO-G Coupled Climate Model on the NEC SX-4 / Stephanie Legutke. - Data Group Activities and Status / Hans Luthardt. - GROUP GRAF. - The Possible Effect of Biomass Burning on Local Precipitation and Global Climate / Hans-F. Graf. - The Leading Variability Mode of the Coupled Troposphere-Stratosphere Winter Circulation in Different Climate Regimes / Judith Perlwitz. - Numerical Simulation of Scavenging Processes in Explosive Volcanic Eruption Clouds / Christiane Textor. - Three-dimensional Simulation of Stratospheric Aerosol / Claudia Timmreck. - GROUP LATIF. - Oceanic Control of Decadal North Atlantic Sea Level Pressure Variability in Winter / Mojib Latif, Klaus Arpe, and Erich Roeckner. - Climatology and Variability in the Tropical Pacific in the Coupled GCM ECHO-G / Astrid Baquero. - Large-scale Air-sea Interactions in the Midlatitudes / Dietmar Dommenget. - ENSO Prediction Experiments with the Coupled GCM ECHO-G / Anselm Grötzner, Mojib Latif, and Stephan Venzke. - Simulating the Response of an Ocean General Circulation Model to North Atlantic Oscillation-type Forcing / Helmuth Haak. - The Role of Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature in Forcing East African Climate Anomalies / Mojib Latif, Dietmar Dommenget, and Mihai Dima. - A Circulation Model for Paleoclimate Studies: Model Description and First Applications / Gerrit Lohmann. - Southern Ocean Investigations with the HOPE Model / Simon J. Marsland. - The Atmospheric Response to SST Anomalies in Midlatitudes / Ute Merkel. - Equatorial Pacific Thermocline Circulation and Decadal Climate Variability / Keith Rodgers. - Ocean Model Intercomparison Project / Frank Röske. - Assimilation of Topex/Poseidon Altimeter Data into an Ocean GCM to Improve ENSO Forecasts / Sigrid Schöttle. - GROUP MIKOLAJEWICZ. - Development of the new C-HOPE OGCM / Uwe Mikolajewicz. - The Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation: Large Scale and Small Scale Aspects / Johann Jungclaus. - The Global Ocean Assimilation System GOAS / Detlev Müller. - Study of the Climate Variability in the Northern European and Arctic Seas Using Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models / Dmitry Sein. - GROUP MAIER-REIMER. - Modeling of Marine Biogeochemistry / Ernst Maier-Reimer. - (1) Optimisation of a Marine Silicon Cycle Model and (2) Artificial Sediment Cores / Christoph Heinze. - Modeling Stable Water Isotopes and Vapor Source Regions over Greenland and Antarctica / Martin Werner. - OTHERS. - Ongoing Work in the Bengtsson Department / Marco Giorgetta. - E-journals and Databases for MPG Scientists: How to's / Carola Kauhs. - INDEX OF AUTHORS. -

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART ONE: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENTS OF ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - CONSIDERATION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS BY SCAR AND ANTARCTIC TREATY CONSULTATIVE PARTIES. - ANTARCTIC TREATY RESOLUTIONS ON ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - WMO RESOLUTIONS AND PRINCIPLES ON ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Engineering principles of the GTS. - 3. Functions and responsibilities of Meteorological Telecommunications Centres. - 4. Characteristics of the networks of the GTS. - 5. Operational principles of the GTS. - 6. The transmission of meteorological data on the GTS. - 7. Collection and transmission of meteorological data. - 8. Data processing. - 9. Telecommunications system. - 10. Weather reporting by traverse parties. - 11. Automatic weather stations in the Antarctic. - 12. AIREP reports. - 13. Mobile ship stations. - OTHER RELEVANT RECOMMENDATIONS AND RESOLUTIONS. - APPENDICES. - APPENDIX I. - Manual on the Global Data Processing System. - Vol. II - regional aspects, the Antarctic. - Data-processing and meteorological service activities in the Antarctic. - APPENDIX II. - Stations and observational programs comprising the Basic Synoptic Network in the Antarctic. - APPENDIX III. - Network of CLIMA T and CLIMAT TEMP reporting stations in the Antarctic. - APPENDIX IV. - Summary information of the collection of meteorological observational data by individual centres. - APPENDIX V. - Manual on the Global Telecommunications System. - Vol. II - regional aspects, the Antarctic. - Antarctic data telecommunications arrangements. - , TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART TWO: INTRODUCTION TO PART TWO. - RADIO PROCEDURES IN ANTARCTICA. - Introduction. - Distress and emergency procedures. - Control of circuits. - Traffic procedures. - USES OF CODES AND ABBREVIATIONS. - General. - Radio telegraphy. - Radio telephony. - Signal reporting codes. - Unofficial codes. - RADIO TELEPHONE OPERATIONS. - RADIO TELEPRINTER (RTTY) PROCEDURE. - General. - Preparation of teleprinter tapes. - General message format. - METEOROLOGICAL MESSAGES. - Introduction. - Format of meteorological messages. - Addressed messages. - Additional procedures. - Types of meteorological data messages. - List of stations carrying out meteorological observations. - Radio facsimile broadcasts of meteorological analyses charts. - Radio Teletype broadcasts of coded meteorological data. - ANTARCTIC STATIONS FITTED WITH INMARSAT FACILITIES. - EXCHANGE INFORMATION ON ANTARCTIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS. - EQUIPMENT AND SCHEDULES.

Note: ÍNDICE PRÓLOGO INTRODUCCIÓN El estudio científico de las cavidades kársticas y las Ciencias Geológicas. Una buena alianza / J.J. Durán. KARST, TECTÓNICA Y SISMICIDAD Evidencias tectónicas y sísmicas a partir del estudio de espeleotemas: conocimiento actual y desarrollo futuro / P. Forti Evolución tectosedimentaria del entorno de la Cueva de Nerja durante el Plio-Cuatemario. / A. Guerra-Merchán, D. Ramallo y F. Serrano Análisis de la fracturación reciente en los espelotemas de la Cueva de Nerja, Málaga. / P. Gumiel, J.J. Durán, J. López-Martínez, J.M. González-Casado, B. Andreo y F. Carrasco La fracturación en la Cueva de los Enebralejos, Segovia, borde norte del Sistema Central. / J. Barea, J.J. Durán, J. Giner, J.M. González-Casado y J. López-Martínez Control estructural de la cavidad kárstica "La Cuevona" (Ribadesella, Asturias) / J. L. Alonso, J. G. García-Ramos y M. Gutiérrez-Claverol El karst de la Alquería (Vélez-Rubio, Almería) / A. González y J.A. Martínez The influence of tectonics on karstification of Permian-Carboniferous limestone from westem Serbia. / P. Pavlovic and D. Stojiljkovic Estudio preliminar de la Cueva de Castelar (Ciudad Real). El ejemplo español de karst en rocas cristalinas / C. J. Gavilán, l. Alonso y J.J. Durán REGISTROS SEDIMENTARIOS KÁRSTICOS Y RECONSTRUCCIONES PALEOAMBIENTALES Endokarstic sedimentary records and paleo-environmental reconstructions in caves / D. C. Ford Speleothem records of environmental changes and the past-bases and potential. / Y. Y. Shopov, L. Tsankov, L. N Georgiev, C.J Yonge, H.P.R. Krouse and A.J.T. Jull Significance of Luminescent spelothem records for determination of orbital variations, glaciations and timing of termination-II. / Y.Y. Shopov, D. Stoykova, M. Sanambria, L. Tsankov, D. Ford, L. Georgiev and D. Georgieva Dataciones isotópicas de espeleotemas procedentes de cuevas costeras de Mallorca. Estado actual de las investigaciones / A. Ginés, J. Ginés, J.J. Fornós y P. Tuccimei Estudio isotópico sobre las condiciones de precipitación de "calcitas flotantes" actuales procedentes de tres cuevas en la isla de Mallorca / C. Jiménez de Cisneros y E. Caballero Geoquimica de travertinos procedentes de una fuente termal. Estimaciones sobre su velocidad de formación. / E. Caballero, C. Jiménez de Cisneros y C. Jiménez Travertinos asociados a los manantiales del borde occidental de la Sierra de la Alfaguara (Granada, Sur de España) / B. Andreo, M. Martín-Martín, A. Martín-Algarra y R. Julia Espeleotemas y morfogénesis exokárstica. El ejemplo de la Sierra del Endrinal (Grazalema, Cádiz) / J Rodríguez Vidal, G. Alvarez, L. M. Cáceres, A. Martínez Aguirre y J. M. Alcaraz La evolución de los materiales de acumulación en el Altiplano carbonatado de Cantanhede (NO de Coimbra-Portugal) / A. De Marco y L. A. Dimuccio Cave genesis in karst regions of Balkan Península / D. Vasileva Skocjanske Jame, Slovenia: development of caves related to rock characteristics and rock relief / M. Knez and T. Slabe Facies mineralógicas de las arenas de los rellenos kársticos de la Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos) / T. Aleixandre y A. Pérez González Mineralogy of cave deposits from Bihor Mountains (Romanía) / L. Ghergari and T. Tamas Análisis polínico de sedimentos en cavidades kársticas: hacia un nuevo desarrollo conceptual / J. S. Carrión, C. Navarro y M. Munuera El karst de la Espluga de Francolí: características fisicas e hidrogeológicas. Interés en la educación ambiental / J M Cervelló, M Monterde, J Ramoneda y A. Freixes Análisis sistemático y ecológico de los roedores del Pleistoceno Superior procedentes de la Cueva de las Ventanas (Granada, España) / A. Ruiz-Bustos y J A. Riquelme Cantal Geology, geomorphology, tectonics and geological map ofthe Cave of Riomurtas (Narcao, Southwest Sardinia). J De Waele and A. Muntoni CONSERVACIÓN DE CAVIDADES: EL IMPACTO ANTRÓPICO La dynamique du milieu souterrain, concepts de base servant a la conservation des grottes / A. Mangin, D. D 'Hulst et F. Bourges L' eclairage et la protection des grottes / F. Bourges, A. Mangin et D. D'Hulst Análisis de las concentraciones de 222Rn del aire de la Cueva de Nerja / C. Dueñas, M.C. Fernández, J Carretero, E. Liger y S. Cañete El medio ambiente subterráneo de la Cueva de Nerja (Málaga). Modificaciones antrópicas / F. Carrasco, B. Andreo, I Vadillo, J.J. Durán y C. Liñán EL AGUA Y EL KARST Recharge and behaviour of karst aquifers. Examples from Southeastem France / J Mudry, Y. Guglielmi, A. Chalumeau, A. Reynaud and Y. Paquette ¿Pueden las teorías sobre el desarrollo del karst contribuir al mejor conocimiento de la moderna hidrogeología del karst? / J Silar Behaviour of the epikarst aquifer: signal analysis and flow analysis. Si te of Lascaux Cave. / R. Lastennet, A. Denis, Ph. Malaurent and J Vouvé Primeros datos sobre la variabilidad estacional de la infiltración en la Cueva del Agua (lznalloz, Granada) / F. Sánchez-Martos, J. M Calaforra y M J González-Ríos Primeros resultados sobre la caracterización hidroquímica y evolución espacial de las aguas del sistema kárstico de Valporquero, Cordillera Cantábrica / JJ Durán, M Vallejo, l. Herráez y J López-Martínez Hidrodinámica e hidroquímica de las aguas de goteo de la Cueva de Nerja / C. Liñán, B. Andreo, F Carrasco e l. Vadillo Modelización de los procesos hidrogeoquímicos que afectan al agua de goteo de la Cueva de Nerja / J. Cardenal, J. Benavente, B. Andreo y F. Carrasco Algunos procesos hidrogeoquímicos en la Cueva de Canalobre y en el acuífero del Cabeçó D'Or (Alicante) / J. M Andreu, J.C. Cerón, A. Pulido-Bosch y A. Estévez Tracing technique as a contribution to karstology: past experience, new directions / Ph. Meus and C. Ek Ensayos de trazadores en acuíferos kársticos: desarrollo histórico y anecdotario / J. G. Yélamos Trazados en la Unidad Hidrogeológica Izarraitz (País Vasco): consideraciones sobre la complejidad estructural y dinámica del medio kárstico / l. Mugerza, T. Morales, l. Antigüedad, J.A. Uriarte, l. Fernández de Valderrama, J.M Gonzalo y P. Bezares d18O and average recharge-altitude relationships in karstic springs / Th. Herold, S.M. Bernasconi, P. Jordan and F. Zwahlen Concentración inicial de radiocarbono en agua subterránea del karst de Bohemia central / J. Silar y K. Záhrubsky Los sistemas kársticos del Parque Natural del Cadí-Moixeró (Pirineo oriental, Catalunya) / J. Ramoneda, A. Freixes, M. Monterde, J. P. Morin y L. Gourcy Hidroquímica de la Sierra de Guara / J. A. Cuchí, J.A. Manso, M. Subías y J. Buera Nuevas aportaciones sobre el funcionamiento hidrogeológico del acuífero kárstico multicapa del Calar del Mundo (Provincias de Albacete y Jaén) / T. Rodríguez-Estrella Posible contribución del karst de Los Berros (Argentina) para el abastecimiento a la industria de la región / C. Wetten y O.A. Damiani Karst groundwater quality in Austria / M. Kralik Modelo numérico del flujo subterráneo de un acuífero kárstico en Yucatán, México. Implicaciones hidrogeológicas / R. González, l. Sánchez y J. Gamboa Aprovechamiento de manantiales kársticos de carácter intermitente mediante operaciones de recarga artificial de acuíferos. Las Ufanes de Gabellí (Mallorca) / J. M Murillo, C.J. Gavilán, J.A. de la Orden The karstic aquifer ofthe Izhora Plateau (Russia) and problems ofits use under anthropogenic pressure / A. N Voronov, NA. Vinograd and A.A. Shvarts Aspects of groundwater vulnerability mapping in karst regions with the help of GIS / P.S. Bezrukov Natural and anthropogenic influences as threats to pits in the Debeli Namet Glacier (Durmitor National Park, Montenegro) / P. Djurovic Carbon inorganic total dissolved origine, repartition and it's karstification impact / C. Emblanch, H. Celle, B. Blavoux and J. M. Puig , Beiträge teilweise in spanischer, teilweise in englischer Sprache

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Sample preparation Apparatus and testing procedure Test results Discussion Compressive strength Tensile strength Initial tangent and 50% stress moduli Specific energy Mode of failure Strength as a function of unfrozen water Thermal activation Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Background Objectives Subarctic snow General Snow processing Construction productivity Shovel capacity Snow piles Bullet behavior and penetration in snow Test procedure M16 M60 ball M60 tracers .50 caliber Tumbling Bullet deformation and breakage Design penetration values Defensive works of snow Revetments Snow bags The snow trench The hardened snow trench Breastworks and bunkers Evaluation of foreign technology Russian expedient snow trenches Snow blocks and block structures The snow arch An expedient shelter Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Objectives and procedures Equipment Radar Brash ice probe Temperature measurements St. Clair River ice conditions Results and discussion Thickness and temperature Size distribution Radar survey Discussion of errors Porosity Phase state of the ice Partial submergence of individual pieces Spectra of reflected energy Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: Laboratory verification of surface scattering from a simulated ice jam Appendix B: Display of digitized and processed data

Note: CONTENTS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AN INTRODUCTORY NOTE CHAPTER 1 THE CHALLENGE Oil and gas pipelines: early development Pipelines for cold regions Pipelines and the public interest Where does the "North" begin? The freezing of soils Permafrost CHAPTER 2 THE TERRAIN IN COLD REGIONS Patterned ground Solifluction and other soil movements on slopes Ice-wedge polygons, pingoes and palsar Other ice in the ground and thermokarst The climate of the ground CHAPTER 3 A BRIEF HISTORY OF GEOTECHNICAL ACTIVITIES AND ASSOCIATED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THE NORTH The passive, or pre-technological approach Post-war Northern development and the geotechnical approach up to 1960 Pressure The scientific approach What happens when soils freeze? Conservation and concern for the natural environment CHAPTER 4 THE TRANS-ALASKA PIPELINE The first big pipeline on permafrost Permafrost and earthquakes Terrain conditions and site investigations The pipeline and hydrological conditions Solutions to the problems The completed pipeline CHAPTER 5 THE GAS PIPELINES AND THE FROST HEAVE PROBLEM The Mackenzie Valley pipeline Frost heave and the cold pipeline Origin of the heaving pressure Frost heave and the shut-off pressure Measuring the movement of water through frozen ground A difference of opinion A change of plans CHAPTER 6 THE ALASKA HIGHWAY PIPELINE The approved pipeline Some general problems applying to gas pipelines Creeping soils, rivers, and glacier-dammed lakes The Alaska Highway Pipeline and the frost heave problem Another change of plans CHAPTER 7 MORE PIPELINES, MORE SCIENCE AND MORE POLITICS Russian pipelines The Norman Wells oil pipeline Applied science carried out by a company A pipeline bent in France International science More mega projects CHAPTER 8 FREEZING GROUND, SCIENCE AND SOCIETY Pipelines in cold places: the future A new problem or an old one? A scientific challenge neglected Who is responsible? The unanswered questions Conclusion

Note: Contents: PART 1: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND. - ANTARCTICA - THE REGION AND ITS GLOBAL IMPORTANCE. - ANTARCTICA - THE SCIENTIFIC OPPORTUNITY AND CHALLENGE. - ANTARCTICA - THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT. - ANTARCTICA - ITS SCIENCE AS A NATIONAL RESOURCE. - ANTARCTICA - SOME IMPORTANT BENEFITS FROM RESEARCH. - PART 2: STRATEGY FOR BAS SCIENCE. - INTRODUCTION. - SCIENCE THEMES. - Pattern and Change in the Physical Environment of Antarctica. - Atmospheric Dynamics in the Antarctic. - Ice and Atmosphere Chemistry. - Dynamics of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. - Evolution of Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic Palaeoenvironments. - Southern Ocean Palaeo-Oceanography and Palaeoclimate. - Geological Evolution of West Antarctica. - West Antarctic Crustal Development and Plate Tectonic Evolution. - Subduction-related Processes. - Dynamics of Antarctic Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecosystems. - Survival Strategies. - Ecosystems and Conservation. - Structure and Dynamics of the Southern Ocean Ecosystem. - Pelagic Ecosystem Studies. - Higher Predators. - Ecological and Physiological Adaptations. - Physics of Solar Terrestrial Phenomena from Antarctica. - Radio Wave Generation and Propagation. - Energy Flow and Dissipation within Geospace. - Humans In Isolated Polar Communities. - Antarctic Geographic Information and Mapping. - LOGISTICS REQUIREMENTS. - TIMEFRAME OF ACTIVITIES. - PART 3: STRATEGY FOR NERC SCIENCE PROGRAMMES OTHER THAN BAS. - INTRODUCTION. - NERC STRATEGY FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES. - Earth Sciences. - Marine Sciences. - Terrestrial and Freshwater Sciences. - Atmospheric Sciences. - THE ROLE OF THE UNIVERSITIES AND POLYTECHNICS AND THE ANTARCTIC SPECIAL TOPIC. - LOGISTICS. - PRIVATE SECTOR/INDUSTRIAL COLLABORATION. - PART 4: CONCLUSION.

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Study areas Study methods Winter freeze-up Composition of ice cover Freezing degree day records and applications Evaluation of ice growth coefficient α Growth history and entrapped bubble stratigraphy Mechanical properties Electrolytic conductivity Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Blue-ice areas Blue-ice areas as airfield sites The formation of blue-ice areas Ablation rates at blue-ice areas Exploratory surveys at blue-ice areas Mount Howe Mill Glacier / Plunket Point Patriot Hills Rosser Ridge Mount Lechner The S-1 site near Casey station The McMurdo "Pegasus Site" Surface roughness of blue ice Analysis and characterization of surface roughness Surface preparation to reduce ice roughness Ground facilities Ground transport Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited and selected references Appendix A: Survey data for Patriot Hills, Mount Howe and Mill Glacier Appendix B: Analysis of surface roughness at blue-ice sites Appendix C: Meteorological conditions to be expected in summer in the Trans-antarctic Mountains

Note: pt. 1. Introduction. The need for better theories / Paul A. Sabatier ; The stages approach to the policy process: what has it done? where is it going? / Peter deLeon -- pt. 2. Alternative views of the role of rationality in the policy process. Institutional rational choice: an assessment of the institutional analysis and development framework / Elinor Ostrom ; Ambiguity, time, and multiple streams / Nikolaos Zahariadis -- pt. 3. Frameworks focusing on policy change over fairly long periods. Punctuated-equilibrium theory: explaining stability and change in American policymaking / James L. True, Bryan D. Jones, and Frank R. Baumgartner ; The advocacy coalition framework: an assessment / Paul A. Sabatier and Hank C. Jenkins-Smith -- pt. 4. Frameworks comparing policies across a large number of political systems. Innovation and diffusion models in policy research / Frances Stokes Berry and William D. Berry ; The policy process and large-N comparative studies / William Blomquist -- pt. 5. Conclusions. A comparison of frameworks, theories, and models of policy processes / Edella Schlager ; Fostering the development of policy theory / Paul A. Sabatier..

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Norges landbrukshøgskole, 1999 , Englisch

Note: Contents 1 Noctilucent Clouds 1.1 Introduction 1.2 How, When and Where Noctilucent Clouds Are Seen 1.3 Amateur Observations 1.4 Cloud Types 1.5 Structure of the Upper Atmosphere 2 History 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Discovery of the "Shining Night-Clouds" 2.3 Measurements of Noctilucent Clouds 2.4 The Middle Period of Noctilucent Cloud Research 3 Observations from Ground Level 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Geometry of Twilight Scattering 3.3 Latitude of Observation 3.4 Absorption of Light in the Atmosphere 3.5 Height of Noctilucent Clouds 3.6 Drift Motions 3.7 Wave Structure 4 Spectrophotometry 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Spectroscopic Observations 4.3 Spectrophotometry from Ground Level 4.4 Rocket-Borne Photometers 4.5 Spectrophotometry from Satellites 4.6 Conclusions About Cloud Particle Sizes 5 Polarimetry 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Polarization by Scattering 5.3 Measurement of Polarized Light 5.4 Polarization Measured from Ground Level 5.5 Measurements of Polarization from Rockets 5.6 Conclusions About Cloud Particle Sizes 6 Rocket-Borne Sampling 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Flights over Sweden in 1962 and 1967 6.3 Flights over Sweden in 1970 and 1971 6.4 Flights over Canada in 1968 and 1970 6.5 Collectors Flown by Max-Planck-Institut Researchers, 1968 to 1971 6.6 Conclusions About Cloud Particle Sizes 7 Variation of Occurrence 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Sunspot Cycle 7.3 Seasonal Frequency of Noctilucent Clouds 7.4 Climatology of the Mesosphere 8 Other Observations 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Association with Hydroxyl Airglow Emission 8.3 Association with Aurora and Planetary Magnetic Activity 8.4 Lunar Effects 8.5 Lidar Observations 8.6 Artificial Noctilucent Clouds 8.7 Abnormal Observations 9 Environment of Noctilucent Clouds 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Atmospheric in Temperature 9.3 D-Region 9.4 Dust 9.5 Water Vapour in the Mesosphere 9.6 Radiation 9.7 Rates of Growth 9.8 Nucleation of Ice 9.9 Settling of Particles 9.10 Modelling Noctilucent Clouds by Numerical Simulation 10 The Nature of Noctilucent Clouds 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Formation in Noctilucent Clouds 10.3 Growth of Noctilucent Cloud Particle 10.4 Evaporation of Noctilucent Cloud Particles 10.5 The Relationship Between Polar Mesospheric Clouds and Noctilucent Clouds 10.6 Summary 11 Bibliography A) Before 1900 B) 1900-1950 C) Bibliography since 1950 Appendix 1: Atmospheric Refraction . Appendix 2: Atmospheric Transmission Along Grazing Pays Subject Index Name Index

Note: J.S. Daly, R.A. Cliff, and B.W.D. Yardley: Preface / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:vii-viii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.01 --- E. J. Essene: The current status of thermobarometry in metamorphic rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:1-44, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.02 --- L. Ya. Aranovich and K. K. Podlesskii: Geothermobarometry of high-grade metapelites: simultaneously operating reactions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:45-61, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.03 --- Frank S. Spear: Relative thermobarometry and metamorphic P-T, paths / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:63-81, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.04 --- R. H. Vernon: Porphyroblast-matrix microstructural relationships: recent approaches and problems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:83-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.05 --- John Ridley: Vertical movement in orogenic belts and the timing of metamorphism relative to deformation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:103-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.06 --- R. A. Jamieson and C. Beaumont: Deformation and metamorphism in convergent orogens: a model for uplift and exhumation of metamorphic terrains / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:117-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.07 --- Peter K. Zeitler: The geochronology of metamorphic processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:131-147, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.08 --- James J. Irwin, Charles Kirschbaum, Tek. H. Lim, Derek Powell, and William E. Glassley: A laser-microprobe study of argon isotopes in deformed pegmatites from the Northern Highlands of Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:149-160, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.09 --- A. Reuter and R. D. Dallmeyer: K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating of cleavage formed during very low-grade metamorphism: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:161-171, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.10 --- Hanan J. Kisch: Discordant relationship between degree of very low-grade metamorphism and the development of slaty cleavage / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:173-185, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.11 --- J. J. De Yoreo, D. R. Lux, and C. V. Guidotti: The role of crustal anatexis and magma migration in the thermal evolution of regions of thickened continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:187-202, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.12 --- C. P. Chamberlain and Douglas Rumble III: The influence of fluids on the thermal history of a metamorphic terrain: New Hampshire, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:203-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.13 --- Howard W. Day and C. Page Chamberlain: Implications of thermal and baric structure for controls on metamorphism: northern New England, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:215-222, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.14 --- L. Aguirre, B. Levi, and J. O. Nyström: The link between metamorphism, volcanism and geotectonic setting during the evolution of the Andes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:223-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.15 --- T. M. Gordon: Thermal evolution of the Kisseynew sedimentary gneiss belt, Manitoba: metamorphism at an early Proterozoic accretionary margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:233-243, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.16 --- Peter H. Thompson: An empirical model for metamorphic evolution of the Archaean Slave Province and adjacent Thelon Tectonic Zone, north-western Canadian Shield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:245-263, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.17 --- Amalbikash Mukherjee: P-T-time history and thermal modelling of an anorthosite-granulite interface, Eastern Ghats metamorphic belt, India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:265-274, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.18 --- Leonid L. Perchuk: P-T-fluid regimes of metamorphism and related magmatism with specific reference to the granulite-facies Sharyzhalgay complex of Lake Baikal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:275-291, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.19 --- D. Ackermand, B. F. Windley, and A. Razafiniparany: The Precambrian mobile belt of southern Madagascar / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:293-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.20 --- I. Cartwright and A. C. Barnicoat: Evolution of the Scourian complex / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:297-301, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.21 --- M. A. H. Maboko, I. McDougall, and P. K. Zeitler: Metamorphic P-T path of granulites in the Musgrave Ranges, central Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:303-307, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.22 --- Eileen McLellan, Daniel Linder, and Jenny Thomas: Multiple granulite-facies events in the southern Appalachians, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:309-314, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.23 --- James M. McLelland: Pre-granulite-facies metamorphism in the Adirondack Mountains, New York / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:315-317, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.24 --- F. Mengel and T. Rivers: Thermotectonic evolution of proterozoic and reworked Archaean terranes along the Nain-Churchill boundary in the Saglek Area, northern Labrador / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:319-324, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.25 --- Motoyoshi Yoichi, Satoshi Matsubara, and Hiroharu Matsueda: P-T evolution of the granulite-facies rocks of the Lützow-Holm Bay region, East Antarctica / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:325-329, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.26 --- H. R. Rollinson: Garnet—orthopyroxene thermobarometry of granulites from the north marginal zone of the Limpopo belt, Zimbabwe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:331-335, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.27 --- Volker Schenk: P-T-t path of the lower crust in The Hercynian fold belt of southern Calabria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:337-342, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.28 --- Daniel Vielzeuf and Christian Pin: Geodynamic implications of granulitic rocks in the Hercynian belt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:343-348, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.29 --- R. G. Warren and B. J. Hensen: The P-T evolution of the Proterozoic Arunta Block, central Australia, and Implications for tectonic evolution / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:349-355, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.30 --- D. J. Waters: Metamorphic evidence for the heating and cooling path of Namaqualand granulites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:357-363, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.31 --- I. S. Buick and T. J. B. Holland: The P-T-t path associated with crustal extension, Naxos, Cyclades, Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:365-369, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.32 --- M. Franceschelli, I. Memmi, F. Pannuti, and C. A. Ricci: Diachronous metamorphic equilibria in the Hercynian basement of northern Sardinia, Italy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:371-375, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.33 --- P. K. Verma: The Himalayan metamorphism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:377-383, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.34 --- A. J. Barker and M. W. Anderson: The Caledonian structural—metamorphic evolution of south Troms, Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:385-390, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.35 --- Kevin W. Burton, Alan P. Boyle, Wendy L. Kirk, and Roger Mason: Pressure, temperature and structural evolution of the Sulitjelma fold-nappe, central Scandinavian Caledonides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:391-411, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.36 --- A. H. N. Rice, R.

Note: CONTENTS: The Antarctic - Present and future / V. Zahariev. - The ice cover and the atmospheric CO2 / K. S. Losev. - 30 Years Research Activities of the German Democratic Republic in the Antarctic / D. Fritzsche. - The bulgarian antarctic society "Antarctica" - aims, activity and prospects in the future / S. Popov. - Features of the Antarctic climate / V. Zahariev, E. Koleva, R. Stoynova. - Features of the atmosphere circulation over the Antarctic continent / V. Zahariev, L. Kristev. - Ice covering of the Antarctuc continent / V. Zahariev, L. Kristev. - Temperature conditions in the Antarctic continent / V. Zahariev, L. Kristev . - Modeling the thermali convection of the Antarctic continent / S. Stoyanov, V. Zahariev. - Gamma locator for investigation of local sources of space photons with ultra high energies / I. Kirov, J. Stamenov, S. Ushev, V. Ianminchev. - Measurements of aerosols in the coastal sone of the Antarctic continent / N. Mihnevsky, K. Velchev. - Defining antropogenic in the show sample collected from the Antarctic continent / L. Adjarova, A. Antonov, N. Mihnevsky. - Ozone holes in the Antarctic / C. Gogosheva. - Measurements of the entire ozone content during the 17th Antarctic trip of the soviet research ship "Michail Somov" / N. Nihnevsky, P. Videnov. - Problems on the polar atmospere and magnetosphere / M. Gogoshev. - On some geomagnetic phenomena / P. Ivanova. - Spectroscopic measurements of small gas quantities in the atmosphere / S. Bogdanov, P. Videnov. - An investigation of electrical properties of the water-ice phase transition for purposes of remote sensing in Antarctic / St. Kolev. - Influence of the thermodinamic interaction in the atmosphere on the ice conditions of the world ocean surface / G. Korchev, A. Korcheva. - Participation of the Bulgarian group in the 33th soviet Antarctic expedition in season 1987/1988 / Z. Vergilov, S. Kaloyanov, N. Mihnevsky, A. Chakirov. - Reconnaissance investigation of the north part of Alexander I island / N. Mihnevsky, Z. Vergilov, S. Kaloyanov, A. Chakirov. - Finding a suitable place for the experimental buildings and mounting them on Livingston island / A. Chakirov, Z. Vergilov, S. Kaloyanov, N. Mihnevsky. - Energetic requirements, energy sources, water supply, transport machinery and building works for the Antarctic scientific stations / A. Chakirov. - Ice conditions and possibilities for navigation in the areas of the islands Alexander I and Livingston / S. Kaloyanov, Z. Vergilov, N. Mihnevsky, A. Chakirov. - Portable automatic meteorological station based on a aerological sonde / H. Brinsov. - Automatic data asquisition system with battery supply for operation in heavy weather conditions / S. Kaloyanov. - Automatic observations on the propagation of the short weves / S. Kaloyanov. - The possibility for utilizing of thermal pumps in polar conditions / S. Todorov, V. Stoyanov, G. Dineva, K. Grancharov. - Working fluids in the hidraulic systems operating in polar conditions / S. Todorov, K. Grancharov, G. Dineva. - Investigation of the operation processes of diesel engines operating electric generators in polar condition / V. H. Janakiev, I. E. Ivanov, E. A. Iliev. - Some problems of human adaptation to the cold in Subantarctic / A. Ketkin. - The first geological research activities of Bulgaria in Antarctic - some new data and preliminary conclusions Alexander Island, West Antarctica / B. Kamenov, B. H. Pimpirev. - A satellite ozonometric apparatus for atmospheric ozone monitoring above the Antarctic / J. St. Jekov, K. D. Valtchev, D. Chr. Ivanova. - Measuring the total ozone content above the Antarctic with the aid of artificial earth satellite / D. Hr. Ivanova, J. St. Jekov. , In kyrillischer Schrift , Beiträge teilweise in englischer, teilweise in bulgarischer Sprache , Mit englischem Inhaltsverzeichnis

Note: POSTER: ODP Leg 122 - Palynostratigraphie und Korrelation von Site 759 und Site 760 / W. Brenner. - Stoffbestand, Genese und Entwicklung gabbroider Gesteine der ozeanischen Unterkruste / R. Emmermann & A. Hoffmann. - Massenspektrometrische Bor-Isotopenbestimmung in Ozeanbodenbasalten und -sedimenten / J. Erzinger & E. Zuleger. - Fazies und Paläozeanographie glazial/interglazialer Sedimente des Europäischen Nordmeers / R. Henrich. - Geochemische Untersuchungen an Aschenlagen der Südatlantik-Legs 113 und 114 / H.-W. Hubberten, W. Morche, F. Westall & D. K, Fütterer. - Heat flow and fluid flow in deep-sea sediments and ocean crust / J. Mienert & R. P. von Herzen. - ODP Leg 114: Bolboforma (Algae, Chrysophyta) im subantarktischen Paläogen / D. Spiegler. - Magnetostratigraphie tertiärer Sedimentfolgen vom Maud Rise, Weddell See - Ergebnisse von ODP Leg 113 / V. Spiess & N. Nowaczyk. - Sedimentologische Untersuchungen an quartären und tertiären Sedimenten von ODP Site 647, Labrador See / R. Stax & R. Stein. - Corg-Gehalt und Sedimentationsrate - ein 'Paleoenvironment-Indikator' in marinen Sedimenten / R. Stein. - Calcareous nannofossils from DSDP Hole 530A: their biostratigraphy and correlation with paleomagnetic reversals / J. C. Steinmetz & H. Stradner. - Eine Methode zur genetischen Unterscheidung der magnetischen Mineralfraktion in Tiefseesedimenten / T. von Dobeneck. - VORTRÄGE : Zur Stabilität der Magnetosomen: typische Magnetofossilien im limnischen und marinen Bereich / G. Amarantidis, H. Vali, G. Morteani, J. Müller, N. Petersen & L. Bachmann. - Austauschprozesse des organischen Materials zwischen Porenwasser und Sediment - Leg 112, Peru Margin / Arbeitsgruppe E. T. Degens. - Planung von Bohrungen in sediment-bedeckten Krustenakkretionszonen / H. Bäcker. - Chemische Stoffbilanzen zwischen Meerwasser, ozeanischer und ophiolithischer (Troodos) Kruste / U. Bednarz & H.-U. Schmincke. - Mikrogefüge, Deformationsmechanismen und Fluids im Barbados-Akkretionskeil / J. H. Behrmann & D. J. Prior. - Organische Geochemie der Sites 767 und 768, ODP Leg 124, Celebes und Sulu See / U. Berner. - Die sedimentären Abfolgen der Celebes und Sulu See (Leg 124) / Ch. Betzler & Leg 124 Shipboard Scientific Party. - Zusammensetzung und Herkunft von Aschenlagen und die Frage magmatischer Episodizität im Nordatlantik / P. R. Bitschene & H.-U. Schmincke. - Die vulkano-tektonische und magmatische Entwicklung des Kerguelen Plateaus (KP, südlicher Indischer Ozean) / P. R. Bitschene, K. Mehl, H.-U. Schmincke & Leg 120 Shipboard Party. - The Toba Ash, older tephra layers and basement rocks of the eastern Indian Ocean - ODP Leg 121 / J. Dehn, H.-U. Schmincke & Leg 121 Shipboard Party. - Schwellen-Becken-Sedimentation im Jura: Vergleich Alpen Atlantik / O. Ebli. - Glaziale Entwicklung der Prydz Bay, Ostantarktis (ODP Leg 119) / W. U. Ehrmann. - Palynologische Untersuchungen in miozänen Sedimenten des Nordatlantiks - erste Ergebnisse von Site 408/Leg 49; Site 554/ Leg 81 und Site 400/ Leg 48 / E. Engel & H. Zankl. - Känozoische Biochronologie und Paläozeanographie der Norwegischen See: Synthese ODP Leg 104 / R. Goll, S. Locker, O. Spiegler, U. Beil, R. Henrich & J. Thiede. - Magnetostratigraphie der Sedimente von Leg 120 / F. Heider, H. Inokuchi & ODP Leg 120 Shipboard Scientific Party. - Flüssigkeitseinschlüsse als Indikator für hochtemperierte Alteration im Sheeted Dike Komplex der ozeanischen Kruste (Bohrung 504B, Leg 111) / P. M. Herzig, D. Schöps & G. Friedrich. - Zum geologischen Aufbau des argentinischen Kontinentalrandes: Ergebnisse einer seismischen Übersichtsmessung der BGR / K. Hinz & H. Meyer. - Zur Ablagerungsgeschichte des Kerguelen Plateaus, südlicher Indischer Ozean (ODP Leg 120) / A. Mackensen & Leg 120 Scientific Party. - Entstehung des Kerguelen - Plateaus: erste Ergebnisse der Legs 119 und 120 / K. Mehl, P. R. Bitschene, H.-U. Schmincke & Leg 119 Shipboard Party. - Ein Modell für globale Plattenbewegungen im Mesozoikum und Känozoikum / R. D. Müller. - Biostratigraphisch-paläontologische Ergebnisse von ODP Leg 123 / J. Mutterlose. - Zyklische Sedimentation in der Mittelkreide von Umbrien / S. Noe. - Compositional variation and internal structure of igneous oceanic crust exposed in the Galapagos Microplate / T. H. Puchel & N. Blum. - Pauschale und molekulare organisch-geochemische Signale in den Sedimenten der Auftriebszone vor Peru (ODP Leg 112) / J. Rullkötter, H. L. Ten Haven, R. Stein, R. Littke & D. H. Welte. - Leg 123 - Multivariate Statistik zur Sedimentologie / M. Schott. - Wird es arktische Tiefseebohrungen geben? / J. Thiede. - Die Geburt des Indischen Ozeans (erste Ergebnisse von ODP-Leg 123/ Argo Abyssal Plain off NW Australia) / J. Thurow & Shipboard Scientific Party ODP-Leg 123. - Die Klimaentwicklung der Sahara und der Sahelzone während der letzten 8 Mill. Jahre (Ergebnisse von ODP-Sites 657-661) / R. Tiedemann, M. Sarnthein, B. Stabell & R. Stein. - HRTEM characterization of single-domain magnetic particles from a deepsea sediment / H. Vali, J. L. Kirschvink, G. Morteani, L. Bachmann & N. Petersen. - Paläoenvironment der Riftphase und des Rift-Drift-Übergang am Exmouth Plateau (NW Australien): Kurzbericht über ODP-Leg 122 und ein BGR-Forschungsprojekt / U. von Rad, W. Brenner & G. Wirsing. - Fluktuationen und Biostratigraphie benthischer Foraminiferen an Site 658 und 659, Leg 108 (Pleistozän, Pliozän) / P. Weinholz & G. F. Lutze.

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS: Abstract. - Acknowledgments. - List of Figures. - List of Plates. - List of Tables. - Value of Microparticle Studies. - Reasons for Variations in Particle Concentration. - Laboratory Techniques. - Particle Concentration and Size Distribution. - Sample Preparation. - Contamination. - Particle Counters. - Laboratory Procedures. - Particle Composition. - Sample Preparation. - Types of Particles and Their Seasonal Variation. - Particle Types. - Variations of Particle Concentrations. - Antarctic Peninsula. - Marie Byrd Land. - Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru. - Annual Layers in Deep Ice Cores. - Chronologies for the Byrd and Camp Century Deep Ice Cores. - The Byrd Station Deep Ice Core. - Age Calculation. - Discussion. - The Camp Century Deep Ice Core. - Vertical Strain Rates. - Age Calculation. - Discussion. - Morphology and Elemental Composition of Microparticles. - Data Analysis. - Results. - Discussion. - The Relationships Among Dust, Oxygen Isotopes and Climate. - Microparticle Variations Over Millennial Time Invervals. - Dust, Oxygen Isotopes and Climate. - Discussion. - Is There A Relationship Between Volcanic Activity and Climatic Change?. - General. - Theory. - Supportive Evidence. - Cycles. - Discussion. - Suggestions for Future Work. - Conclusions. - References. - Appendix A. - Appendix B. - Appendix C. - Appendix D.

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Statement of the problem Purpose and scope Background - the physical environment and airport pavements Physical environment of study area Comparison of highway and general aviation airport pavements Types of pavements and surface treatments Pavement distress and condition rating Surveys of airport pavement distress Airport pavement performance problems in cold regions Cracking Distortion and pavement faulting Disintegration Inadequate skid resistance Improper maintenance Stripping Statement of research needs Basis for statement of research needs Performance of overlays Recycling/reconstructing airport pavements Drainage of airport pavement structures Eliminating/accommodating differential frost heave Evaluation of adequacy of design procedures Maintenance products and performance Control of transverse cracking Additives for asphalt concrete Performance documentation Wildlife conservation vs aircraft safety Literature cited Appendix A: Questionnaire and listing of airports contacted Appendix B: Summary listing of questionnaire responses Appendix C: Narrative summary of site visits

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background Formation, growth, and structure of sea ice Oceanic frazil production Multiyear ice Equilibrium growth Summer ice decay Annual layering Salinity distribution in sea ice Chemistry of sea ice Study area description Objectives Methodology Sample collection Blanks Chemical analyses Thin sections Data reduction Results and discussion First-year ice Multiyear ice Comparison of first-year and multiyear ice Summary Conclusions Future work References Appendix A: Concentration of chemical species in sea ice as reported in the literature Appendix B: Ice and water data Appendix C: Linear regression data

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Pre-field-deployment activities Software development System optimization Improvements of the calibration procedure Real-time processing Small bird design and implementation Other improvements Field activities Snow, ice and seawater data AEM surveys Calibration AEM data processing Post-survey results Processing problem Ground truth data Floe freeboard vs thickness analysis AEM sounding results Concluding remarks Literature cited Appendix A: Blowup of Figure 28

Note: Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Global and Planetary Dynamics of the Earth Grafarend, E.; Hauer, K., The Equlibrium Figure of the Earth Burša, Milan, Gravity Field of Mars Tscherning, C.C., Models for the Auto- and Cross Covariances between Maas Density Anomalies and First and Second Order Derivatives of the Anomalous Potential of the Earth Holota, Petr Determination of the Free Boundary in Potential Theory, the Boundary Problem of Physical Geodesy Cannon, W.H.; Langley, R.B.; Petrachenko, W.T., Transatlantic Geodesy by Long Baseline Interferometry Jochmann, H., The Determination of the Length of the Chandler-Wobble by Comparison of the Astronomie Determined Annual Period of Polar Motion with the Period Calculated from Air Maas Shifts Hristov, Wladimir K., Bemerkungen zur Ableitung der Bewegung des Poles und der Weltzeit 1 Groten, E.; Schaab, H., Alternative Determinations of Geodetic Datum Shifts Barta, György, The Surface Mass Distribution of the Earth and the Geoid Figure Groten, E., Über den deterministischen Anteil am Geoid in Zentraleuropa im Zusammenhang mit plattentektonischen Aspekten Dobaczewska, Weneda, The Geoid Problem in Nowadays Works Dufour, H.M., Formule de WHITTAKER pour le calcul du potentiel terrestre Lelgemann, D., On the Definition of the Listing-Geoid taking into Consideration Different Height Systems Бодри, Б.; Бодри Л., Динамические влияния жидкого ядра на суточные земные приливы Перцев, Б.П., Влияние морских приливов на гравиметрические земноприливные наблюдения в Восточной Европе Schneider, Martin Manfred; Simon Dietrich, Investigations of Earth Tides at Tiefenort Harwardt, Hans; Simon, Dietrich, Ein druckgekapseltes Drahtstrainmeter für präzise geophysikalische Messungen Altmann, W.; Dittfeld, H.-J., Results of Earth Tide Observations at the Gravimetric Observatory Potsdam Schmitz-Hübsch, Harald, Das Oberbayerische Testnetz für Erdgezeiten - Erstvermessung von 1970-1975 - Elstner, Cl.; Harnisch, G.; Altmann, W.; Conrad, W., Results of High Precision Gravity Measurements along W-E Gravity Profile in GDR Area, in the Period 1970-1975 Gerstenecker, C., Zur Messung des vertikalen Schweregradienten Völgyesi, L., Interpolation of Deflection of the Vertical from Horizontal Gradients of Gravity Galas, Roman, On Some Analysis of Filtered Latitude Variations Ponomarev, D.; Wächter, S., Analyse der Dresdner Breitenbeobachtungen auf systematische Deklinationskorrektionen Dittrich, Johannes; Felsmann, Eva, Untersuchungen zur Jahreswelle in den Breitenbestimmungen aua PZT-Beobachtungen in Potsdam Hurnik, Hieronim, Some Experience with the Electronic Level Kołaczek, B., Application ot the Lunar Laser Ranging Technique for Determinations of the Earth Rotation in View of Accuracy of Computed Topocentric Distances of Lunar Retroreflectors Thurm, H., Bestimmung regionaler horizontaler Krustendeformationen im Süden der DDR aus älteren Triangulationen Harnisch, G., Zur Autokorrelationsfunktion der rezenten vertikalen Krustenbewegungen im Gebiet der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik Rother, K.; Wiegank, F., Zur Dynamik der Erdkruste in Europa anhand einer Interpretation paläomagnetischer Daten Meier, S., Rezente Eismassen-, Schwere- und Lotänderungen in der Ostantarktis und ihre möglichen Ursachen Anger, Gottfried, Uniquely Determined Mass Distributions in Inverse Problems Schwahn, W., Stochastic Source Models as the Base for the Statistical Treatment of Geophysical Potential Fields Arnold, K.; Schoeps, D., Lateral Inhomogeneities of the Density in the Upper Mantle of the Earth Ostrocsky, A.E., Long-Period Waves and Tilts of Earth Surtace Preceding Strong Earthquake Парийский, Н.Н; Перцев, Б.П., Учет сил инерции при анализе земнопрнливных наблюдений

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift , Mit Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache

Note: Contents Preface / Minnie Aodla Freeman Foreword / Dr. William E. Taylor, Jr. PART ONE A LAND MOLDED BY ICE / Fred Bruemmer 1 The Northern Vision 2 The Circumpolar Realm Photo Essay: The Surprising Arctic 3 Trial by Ice 4 Hunters and Herders Photo Essay: Arctic Waters 5 Early Exploration 6 The Arctic Route to Cathay Photo Essay: From the Mountains to the Sea 7 Fur Empires of Siberia and Alaska 8 Arctic Knights 9 From Furs to Factories Photo Essay: Polar Animals and Birds PART TWO THE ARCTIC WILDERNESS 10 Wildlife of the Sea and Land / Dr. Thor Larsen 11 Plants of the Arctic and Sub-Arctic / Dr. Frans Wielgolaski Photo Essay: A Brief Flowering PART THREE PEOPLE OF THE FAR NORTH 12 The Ancient Arctic / Dr. Robert McGhee Photo Essay: Traditional Life 13 Polar Exploration / Academician A.F. Treshnikov 14 A Changing World / Dr. Ernest S. Burch, Jr. Photo Essay: Modern Life Index

Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction Apparatus and procedures General approach Sled design Sled propulsion Ice sheet preparation Experimental procedure Results General remarks Effect of runner temperature Effect of runner surface Effect of ice surface conditions Effect of velocity Effect of runner materials Observations of replicate surfaces Statistical analysis Discussion Molecular interactions Mechanical deformations Thermal energy dissipation Hydrodynamidc processes Comparison of energy loss mechanisms Summary and conclusions Literature cited

Note: Beilage unter dem Titel: Symposium on Antarctic Research : Potsdam, G.D.R. September 11-14, 1989 ; Second Circular , Beilage unter dem Titel: Morphometrical and ecological differences between South Polar and Brown Skuas of Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands / H.-U. Peter, M. Kaiser, A. Gebauer (Abstract)

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Ice boom basic principles General loading considerations Design ice areas Prediction of ice boom loads Summary Ice cover forces Ice barrier reaction force Ice forces in the structure Analytical relationships Design force summary Special features Extension of west ice boom Pipe restraint structure Diagonal anchor cables Measurement systems Measured anchor cable forces Data records Average and peak loads Ice activity on or about 1 February 1976 C3W cable forces Ship-induced leads Ice cover load check Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. St. Marys River ice booms test data

Note: Use of Satellite Observations Sehnal, L., The Aerodynamic Lift in the Satellite Dynamics Ill, M., Über die Nord-Süd Asymmetrie der hohen Atmosphäre Иллеш-Алмар, Е. Анализ изменения плотности верхней атмосферы с 27-дневным циклом Кутаенко, Б.В., Оценка возможного повышения точности расчета положения ИСЗ при использовании прогнозируемых значений индексов геомагнитной возмущенности в солнечной активности Almár, L.; Horvath, A.; Illes-almár, E., New Results Concerning the Geomagnetic Effect in the Upper Atmosphere Vorbrich, K., Some Results of the Examination of the SBG Camera at Borowiec Георгиев, Н., Использование промежуточной орбиты ИЗС при решении геодезических задач Latka, Jan, The Determination of the Earth Gravity Field by use of Satellite Gradiometry Halme, Seppo J.; Paunonen, Matti; Sharma, A.B.R.; Kakkuri, Juhani; Kalliomäki, Kari (Presented by T.J. Kukkamäki), The Satellite Laser of Finland Neubert, Reinhart; Fischer, Harald, lmprovement of the Potsdam Laser Ranging Equipment Schillak, S.; Wnuk, E., Satellite Laser Ranging Station at Borowiec Hiršl, P.; Krajiček, V.; Pfeifer, M., Event Timer for the Second Generation Laser Radar Wilson, P.; Seeger, H.; Nottarp, K., The new Nd-YAG Laser-Ranging System for the Satellite Observation Station at Wettzell Hovorka, F.; Konrad, M., Utekal, J., Satellite Laser Ranging at Hradec Králové Mihaly, Sz., Possibilities in Improving Claseical Networks by Satellite Geodesy Батраков, Ю.В.; Никольская, Т.К., Об оптимальных условиях определения координат станций полудинамическим методом Stange, L.; Swiatek, K., On the Derivation of Long Terrestrial Distances from Laser Observations of Artificial Satellites Adam, J., Determination of Station Coordinates from Laser Observations Goral, Wladyslaw, Iterative Methods of Determination of Station Co-ordinates and Orbital Satellite Elements from DOPPLER Observations Halmos, F.; Szadeczky-Kardoss, Gy., Computation of Geodesics from Chord-Lengths Marek, K.-H.; Rehse, H., A Technology of Stellar Triangulation by Means of Balloon-Borne Beacons Кабелач, Йосеф, Триангуляция на высокие цели с помощью самолётов, если имеются направления и расстояния Хорват, А.; Хорват, П.; Петер, И., Дигитвизуальный телескоп для наблюдения ИСЗ Maase, E., Fernsehaufnahmesystem für die Ortung von Satelliten Stupak, T.; Vorbrich, K.; Wieckowski, J., Some Experiments with Satellite-Navigation Doppler Receivers Magnavox 'MX-902' and 'ITT-6001' Жагар, Ю.Х., Применение промежуточных орбит для прогнозирования движения ИСЗ Аксёнов, Е.П.; Вашковьяк, С.Н.; Емельянов, Н.В.; Определение орбит по по оптическим и лазерным наблюдениям Kostalecky, J., Tidal Movement of Satellite Stations Klokocnik, Jaroslaw, Determination of the Lumped Coefficients of 14th-Order from the Inclination Changes of the Interkosmos 9 and 10 Satellites Прилепин, М.Т., Заболотный, Н.С., Уточнение поправок на влтяегте атмосферы при изучении колебаний полюса Земли Swierkowska, Stanislawa, Stellar Testing Catalogue Kurzynska, Krystyna, The Influence of Refraction on Positional Observations of Earth's Artificial Satellites Касименко, Т.В.; Янковская, И.А., Исследование вариаций плотности атмосферы Земли по торможению спутника "Ореол" Adam, J., Accuracy Investigation of Simultaneous Photographic and Laser Observations of Artificial Satellites Hiršl, Petr, Retroreflector Shape - One of the Sources of Errors Gesamtinhaltsverzeichnis

Note: Articles Introductory remarks on the transport problem W. S. Fyfe https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.01 Model of hydrothermal ore genesis J. W. Elder https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.02 Identification of ore-deposition environment from trace-element geochemistry of associated igneous host rocks J. A. Pearce and G. H. Gale https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.03 Identification of the origin of oreforming solutions by the use of stable isotopes S. M. F. Sheppard https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.04 Hydrogen and oxygen isotope evidence for sea-water-hydrothermal alteration and ore deposition, Troodos complex, Cyprus T. H. E. Heaton and S. M. F. Sheppard https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.05 Hydrodynamic model for the origin of the ophiolitic cupriferous pyrite ore deposits of Cyprus E. T. C. Spooner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.06 Origin and emplacement of ophiolites I. G. Gass https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.07 Hydrothermal alteration of the basaltic lavas of the Troodos Ophiolite Complex associated with the formation of the massive sulphide deposits G. Constantinou https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.08 Rare-earth element evidence for the genesis of the metalliferous sediments of Troodos, Cyprus A. H. F. Robertson and A. J. Fleet https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.09 Modern submarine hydrothermal mineralization: examples from Santorini and the Red Sea D. S. Cronan, P. A. Smith, and R. D. Bignell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.10 Mineralization at destructive plate boundaries: a brief review M. S. Garson and A. H. G. Mitchell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.11 Porphyry copper deposits J. P. Hunt https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.12 Metallic mineralization affiliated to subaerial volcanism: a review R. H. Sillitoe https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.13 Igneous geology and the evolution of hydrothermal systems in some sub-volcanic tin deposits of Bolivia J. N. Grant, C. Halls, W. Avila, and G. Avila https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.14 Occurrence, origin and significance of mechanically transported sulphide ores at Buchans, Newfoundland J. G. Thurlow https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.15 Geological setting of the Skorovas orebody within the allochthonous volcanic stratigraphy of the Gjersvik Nappe, central Norway C. Halls, A. Reinsbakken, I. Ferriday, A. Haugen, and A. Rankin https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.16 The Planes-San Antonio pyritic deposit of Rio Tinto, Spain: its nature, environment and genesis D. Williams, R. L. Stanton, and F. Rambaud https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.17 Kuroko deposits: their geology, geochemistry and origin Takeo Sato https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.18 Stable isotope studies on Bougainville and in Matupi Harbour, New Britain, Papua New Guinea J. H. Ford, D. C. Green, J. R. Hulston, I. H. Crick, and S. M. F. Sheppard https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.19 Volcanogenic mineralization at Avoca, Co. Wicklow, Ireland, and its regional implications J. W. Platt https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.20 Discussion https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.21

Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.

Note: 1 Energetic basis General relations Equations of state and chemical potential of pure gases, liquids, and solids Phases of variable composition Reactions and equations of equilibrium The Gibbs phase rule Effect of gravitational field Kinetics 2 Equilibrium of mineral systems One-component transitions Univariant transformations of solids Univariant reactions involving gases The system CaO-MgO-CO₂ Exchange equilibria The distribution of minor elements Coupled equilibria involving solid solutions and gases Intrinsic and extrinsic stability Ionic processes Crystal-melt equilibria 3 Kinetics of mineral systems General Quasiequilibrium processes in a temperature gradient Quasiequilibrium processes under isothermal conditions Crystal kinetics Kinetics of dissociation Kinetics of complex heterogeneous reactions Kinetics of rock deformation 4 Classifications of rocks Chemical classification Mineral facies classification Relation between bulk chemistry and mineral composition 5 Chemical and petrogenetic processes in space Solids in space The problem of the origin of the solar system Condensation from a gas of solar composition The effect of nonequilibrium ionization System O-Si-Mg-Fe-Ni-P 6 Meteorites General characteristics The dating of events in meteorite history Classification schemes Mineralogy Petrography of the chondrites Bulk chemical characteristics Prior's rules Oxidation and hydration states of meteorites Carbon reactions in meteorites Reactions involving sulfur and phosphorus compounds in meteorites Element distributions in meteorites Mechanisms of liquidus crystallization for the chondrites Origin of the metallic components of chondrites Pressure of formation of meteorites Origin of meteorites : a critique of theories and hypotheses 7 The terrestrial planets Gross physical and chemical characteristics Origin and evolution Chemistry and petrology of Venus The atmosphere and surface of Mercury Mars The Moon Comparative planetology 8 Metamorphism and metamorphic mechanisms Introduction Origin of microstructures and textures Kinetic aspects of crystallization Rates of metamorphic reactions Mineral orientation Origin of macrostructures Origin of compositional variations Summary 9 Metamorphic minerals Experimental appraisal of the stability of minerals Theoretical analysis of stabilities of crystalline solutions 10 Metamorphic mineral facies Diagenesis and metamorphism; the zeolite and lawsonite facies Greenschist facies Amphibolite facies Granulite facies 11 Experimental and theoretical study of metamorphic systems Geometric analysis of phase equilibria Method of interpreting metamorphic assemblages The system K₂O-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O Assemblages with staurolite The system SiO₂-K₂O-Al₂O₃-FeO-MgO-H₂O in transition from amphibolite to granulite facies Anthophyllite-gedrite pelitic rocks The system CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O Assemblages with cordierite in the granulite facies The charnockite assemblage Magnesian, calcic, and carbonate rocks Metamorphism of ultramafic rocks The iron formations Rocks of high pressure and controversial origin 12 Properties, origin, and environment of magmas Structures of silicate melts Solubilities of volatile components Densities of magmas Viscosities of magmas Liquid Immiscibility Origin of magmas General features of the occurence of magmatic rocks 13 Differentiation and crystallization of magmas The existence of rock series and their meaning Homogeneous differentiation Heterogeneous differentiation by separation of a fluid phase Separation of a fluid phase in a crystallizing magma Crystallization and heterogeneous differentiation in magmas Subtraction and variation diagrams 14 Igneous plutons: Their physical chemistry and mode of occurence The compositional fields of igneous rocks General factors in the differentiation of basaltic magmas Differentiated gabbroic complexes Large calc-alkali plutonic complexes The physical chemistry of calc-alkaline-type differentiation Origin of calc-alkali magmas Alkaline rocks Assimilation and alteration of inclusions Structural environment and mode of emplacement of igneous plutons Plutonic rocks of complex origin 15 Volcanism and volcanic fluids Introduction Volcanic and hypabyssal mineralogy Volcanoes and volcanic deposits Volcanic fluids References Subject Index Author Index

Note: Contents Foreword by Y. I. Chernov Introduction Explanations to tables Table 1: Distribution of the vascular plants within the Russian Arctic and adjacent territories Table 2: The main characteristics of the vascular plants within the Russian Arctic and adjacent territories Table 3: List of the weedy and adventitious vascular plants within the Russian Arctic and adjacent territories Conclusion Acknowledgements References

Note: Enthaltener Beitrag: Russian-German cooperation SYSTEM LAPTEV SEA 2000: the Lena Delta 1998 expedition / edited by Volker Rachold and Mikhail Grigoryev with contributions of the participants , Enthaltener Beitrag: EURASIAN ICE SHEETS: expedition to the lake Lyadhej-To (Polar Urals) in July-August 1998/ by Wolf-Dieter Hermichen and Frank Wischer , Contents for "Russian-German cooperation SYSTEM LAPTEV SEA 2000: the Lena Delta 1998 expedition" 1 lntroduction 2 Expedition Itinerary 2.1 Selection of working areas 2.2 General logistics and transport 2.3 Time tables of individual working groups 2.3.1 Team 1 (Samoylov) 2.3.2 Team 2 (Dunay) 2.3.3 Team 3 (Bykovsky) 2.3.4 Team 4 (Sagastyr) 2.4 Appendix Table A2-1: List of participants Table A2-2: Participating institutions 3 Modern Processes i n Permafrost Affected Soils 3.1 General lntroduction 3.2 Investigation site ,,Samoylov' 3.3 Soils of Samoylov Island 3.3.1 Soil distribution and classification 3.3.2 Soils of the measurement sites 3.4 Energy and water balance of the active layer 3.4.1 Introduction 3.4.2 Field work and methods 3.4.3 First data 3.4.4 Future work 1999 3. 5 Trace gas fluxes in permafrost affected soils 3.5.1 Methane balance 3.5.1.1 Introduction 3.5.1 .2 Methods and fieldwork 3.5.1.3 Results of the soil survey and geological investigations 3.5.1 .4 First results of the methane gas fluxes 3.5.2 CO2-fluxes in permafrost affected soils 3.5.2.1 Introduction 3.5.2.2 Methods and fieldwork 3.5.2.3 Results 3.6 Biological investigations 3.6.1 Botanical research 3.6.2 Soil zoological research 3.6.2.1 Introduction 3.6.2.2 Field work 3.6.2.3 First results 3.6.3 Ornithological observations 3.6.3.1 Methods 3.6.3.2 Results 3.6.4 Distribution and Abundance of Birds in the Lena Delta 3.6.4.1 Introduction 3.6.4.2 Methods and materials 3.6.4.3 Results and discussion 3.7 Further investigations 3.8 References 3.9 Appendix Table A3-1 : List of samples TP 1 Table A3-2: Precipitation and water samples Table A3-3: List of species of the different measurement sites (Site 1 - 3) Table A3-4: Bird species. Lena Delta, rnid-July - August 1998 Table A3-5: Abundance of birds in the channels (inv.110 km) of the different sites of the Lena Delta List A3-1: Description of the soils along the transects of Sarnoylov Island List A3-2: Preliminary total list of plant species from the Sarnoylov Island 4 Modern Sedimentation and Environmental History of the Lena Delta 4.1 lntroduction 4.2 Modern Sedimentation in the Lena Delta 4.2.1 Recent mechanisms of particle transport in the Lena Delta 4.2.2 In-situ conditions of the water column in August 1998 4.2.3 Seasonal changes of water level in the delta region 4.3 Sedimentation and environmental history of the Lena Delta 4.3.1 Introduction 4.3.2 Samples and methods 4.3.3 Field work and preliminary results Arga Island 4.3.4 Field work and preliminary results at Olenyok channel 4.3.5 Field work and preliminary results at Sardakh channel 4.3.6 Field work and preliminary results at Samoylov Island 4.4 Geological-Geomorphological Studies in the Northern Lena River Delta 4.4.1 Introduction 4.4.2 Methods 4.4.3 Study region 4.4.4 Field work results 4.4.5 Conclusions 4.4.6 Acknowledgments 4.5 References 4.6 Appendix Table A4-1: List of stations for hydrological. sedimentological and geophysical investigations Table A4-2: List of sarnples for sedimentological and geochemical investigation Table A4-3: List of samples for Geological-Geomorphological Studies in the Northern Lena River Delta Table A4-4: List of plant species found in the northern Lena River delta 5 Paleoclimate Signals of Ice-rich Permafrost 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Geologie-geomorphological characteristics of the study area 5.3 Modern geological processes on Bykovsky Peninsula 5.4 Ground ice studies 5.4.1 Study subjects. their characteristics 5.4.2 Methods 5.4.3 Sampling conception 5.4.4 First results 5.5 Cryolithological studies 5.5.1 Methods 5.5.2 First results 5.6 Geochronometric age determination 5.7 Paleontological research On the Bykovsky Peninsula 5.7.1 Methods 5.7.2 Collection of large mammal bones 5.7.3 Collection of screened samples for small fossils 5.8 References 5.9 Appendix Table A5-1: List of water and ice samples collected on Bykovsky Peninsula during field season 1998 Table A5-2: List and description of sediment samples collected on Bykovsky Peninsula Table A5-3: List of bone samples submitted to the Radiocarbon Laboratory of the Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences Table A5-4: List of samples collected for absolute age determinations Table A5-5: List of bone samples Table A5-6: List of screened samples for small fossils from the sediments of the Bykovsky Peninsula

Note: CONTENTS 1. Preface 2. Features of Land Surface Components, Permafrost, Climate and Hydrology 2.1 Relief and geologic structure (Korzshuev S.S.) 2.2 Soil conditions (Kashutina E.A.) 2.3 Short characteristic of main zonal and height types of vegetation (Tishkov A.A.) 2.4 Permafrost (Balobaev V.T., Lyubomirov A.S.) 2.5 Climatic regime 2.5.1 Climatic regionalization (Zolotokrylin A.N.) 2.5.2 Atmospheric circulation (Zolotokrylin A.N.) 2.5.3 Precipitation (Zaitseva I.S.) 2.5.4 The state of knowledge about snow cover within Lena river basin (Krenke A.N.) 2.5.5 Thermic regime (Zolotokrylin A.N.) 2.5.6 Energy balance (Zolotokrylin A.N.) 2.6 Water cycle components 2.6.1 Hydrologic regionalization (Georgiadi A.G.) 2.6.2 River runoff (Georgiadi A.G.) 2.6.3 Interaction between ground water and river runoff (Sokolov B.L.) 2.6.4 Evapotranspiration (Georgiadi A.G.) 2.6.5 Evaporation from the water surface (Golubev V.S.) 2.6.6 Soil moisture regime (Georgiadi A.G.) 2.7 Cryogenic hydrologic phenomenon and processes (Sokolov B.L., Markov M.L., Deikin B.N.) 2.8 Glaciers and snow - patches (Osokin N.I.) 2.9 Lakes and reservoirs (Malik L.K.) 2.10 Swamps (Malik L.K.) 2.11 The human impact on natural landscapes, water and energy cycles (Zaitseva I.S.) 3. Land Surface Parameters for Energy Cycle Analysing (Zolotokrylin A.N.) 3.1 Geographical distribution of parameters 3.2 Intraannual variation of albedo 4. Global and Regional Atmospheric Circulation and Hydrometeorological Element Changes 4.1 Global and regional atmospheric circulation indexes (Zolotokrylin A.N.) 4.2. Interannual changes of circulation indexes (Zolotokrylin _A._N.) 17? 4.3. Long-term fluctuations of hydroclimatological characteristics and runoff forecasting of some Siberian rivers (Leonov E.A.) 5. Zonal Features of Energy Cycle (Zolotokrylin A.N.) 5.1 Tundra zone 5.2 Plain Taiga region 6. Overview of Experimental Research of Water and Energy Cycles 6.1. Review of experimental investigations results (Lybomirov A.S.) 6.2. Thermal-water-balance polygon ''Mogot'' (Vasilenko N.G.) 6.3. Thermal and water regime of the icing fields (Deikin B.N .) 6.4. Energy balance of forests and surrounding territories in Lena river vallue (Pavlov A. V.) 6.5. The Experimental energy balance studies at the boundary layer within Lena river basin (Zolotokrylin A.N.) 7. Description of Data Base 7.1 Data of field experiments 7.1.1. Experimental polygon Tynda (Deikin B.N.) 7.1.2. Icing field polygon Mururin (Deikin B.N.) 7.1.3. Experimental polygon Mogot (Vasilenko N.G.) 7.1.4. Catalogization of icing fields of underground waters (Deikin B.N.) 7.1.5 Geocryological data for the regions of planned experimental works (Lyubomirov A.S.) 7.2 Hydrometric station network of Lena River Basin (Georgiadi A.G.) 7.3. Data for Siberia Lena River Basin (Georgiadi A.G.) 7.3.1. Meteorological network (Razuvaev V.N.) 7.3.2 Geocryological network (Lyubomirov A.S.) 7.3.3. Network of soil moisture content measurements (Georgiadi A.G.) References List of Authors

Note: Contents: Preface / G. A. Llano. - Welcoming Remarks / W. S. Benninghoff. - The Third Symposium in Historical Perspective / G. A. Knox. - Sir George E. R. Deacon: An Appreciation / K. J. Bertrand. - The Southern Ocean: History of Exploration / Sir George E. R. Deacon. - The Symposium. - Part I: The Structure and Function of Antarctic Marine Phytoplankton Ecosystems. - The Antarctic Marine Ecosystem / Joel W. Hedgpeth. - Primary Production and the Factors Controlling Phytoplankton Growth in the Southern Ocean / O. Holm-Hansen, S. Z. El-Sayed, G. A. Franceschini, and R. L. Cuhel. - Phytoplankton Biomass and Productivity in the Subtropical Convergence Area and Shelves of the Western Indian Subantarctic Islands / Jacqueline Plancke. - Sea Ice Habitats of Signy Island (South Orkneys) and Their Primary Productivity / Terence M. Whitaker. - Dissolved Oxygen and pH Increases by Primary Production in the Surface Water of Arthur Harbor, Antarctica, 1970-1971 / S. V. Shabica, J. W. Hedgpeth, and P. K. Park. - Heterotrophic Activity of Microorganisms in Antarctic Waters / R. Y. Morita, R. P. Griffiths, and S. S. Hayasaka. - Vitamins in the South Polar Seas: Distribution and Significance of Dissolved and Particulate Vitamin B12, Thiamine, and Biotin in the Southern Indian Ocean / A. F. Caducei and R. L. Cuhel. - Discussion. - Part II: The Structure and Function of Antarctic Marine Benthic Ecosystems. - Adaptations within the Antarctic Marine Benthic Ecosystem / Patrick M. Arnaud. - Bacterial Sulfur and Nitrogen Cycles in Sedimentary Deposits of "Fjord Bossière" (Kerguelen Archipelago) / D. Delille. - Antarctic Soft-Bottom, Macrobenthic Community Adaptations to a Cold, Stable, Highly Productive, Glacially Affected Environment / Michael D. Richardson and Joel W. Hedgpeth. - Ecological Adaptations by Antarctic Poikilotherms to the Polar Marine Environment / Martin G. White. - Scoloplos marginatus mcleani: Life Cycle and Adaptations to the Antarctic Benthic Environment / P. Hardy. - Benthic Bionomy of the Continental Shelf of the Kerguelen Archipelago, Macrofauna 2, Diversity of Benthic Annelid Population in a Fjord Close to the Morbihan Gulf / D. Desbruyeres. - Seasonal Variations in the Structure of Populations of Antarctic Polynoids and the Part Played by Polychaetes in the Biocenoses of the Arctic and Antarctic / V. G. Averincev. - Benthic Bionomy of the Continental Shelf of the Kerguelen Islands: Quantitative Data on the Echinoderms of the Morbihan Gulf / Alain Guille. - Seasonal Alterations in Coastal Communities in the Davis Sea / E. N. Gruzov. - First Investigations on the Density of Soft Bottom Meiofauna in Morbihan Bay (Kerguelen Islands) / J. Soyer and F. de Bovee. - Foods and Feeding Characteristics of Antarctic Asteroids and Ophiuroids / John H. Dearborn. - Analysis of the Gigantism and Dwarfness of Antarctic and Subantarctic Gammaridean Amphipoda / Claude De Broyer. - The Breeding Biology of Chorismus antarcticus (Pfeffer) and Notocrangon antarcticus (Pfeffer) (Crustacea, Decapoda) and Its Bearing on the Problems of the Impoverished Antarctic Decapod Fauna / J. Garrey H. Maxwell. - A Preliminary Investigation of the Lipids of Chorismus antarcticus (Pfeffer) (Crustacea, Decapoda) at South Georgia / Andrew Clarke. - Some Additions to Schemes of the Vertical Zonation of Marine Bottom Fauna / A. P. Andriashev. - Quantitative Studies on the Soft-Bottom Macrobenthic Animal Communities of Shallow Antarctic Bays / V. A. Gallardo, J. G. Castillo, M. A. Retamal, A. Yáñez, H. l. Moyano, and J. G. Hermosilla. - Discussion. - Part Ill: Adaptations in Antarctic Vertebrates (Physiology). - Mechanisms of Cold Adaptation in Polar Marine Animals / Bruce L. Umminger. - The Significance of Vertebrates in the Antarctic Marine Ecosystem / Richard M. Laws. - The Role of Glycoprotein Antifreezes in the Survival of Antarctic Fishes / Arthur L. DeVries and Yuan Lin. - New Cytological, Biochemical, and Physiological Data on the Colorless Blood of the Channichthyidae (Pisces, Teleosteans, Perciformes) / J. C. Hureau, J. M. Fine, M. Marneux, and D. Petit. - Respiratory and Circulatory Adaptations to the Absence of Hemoglobin in Chaenichthyid Fishes / Edvard A. Hemmingsen and Everett L. Douglas. - Thermo- and Osmoregulatory Responses Induced by Heating and Cooling the Rostral Brainstem of the Adelie Penguin / H. T. Hammel, J. E. Maggert, E. Simon, L. Crawshaw, and R. Kaul. - Body Temperature Regulation of the Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri G.) During Physiological Fasting / Yvon Le Maho, Philippe Delclitte, and René Groscolas. - Cardiovascular Adaptations of the Giant Petrel, Macronectes giganteus, to the Antarctic Environment / David E. Murrish and Charles L. Guard. - Temperature Regulation in the Newborn Weddell Seal, Leptonychotes weddelli / R. Elsner, D. D. Hammond, D. M. Denison, and R. Wyburn. - Discussion. - Part IV: Adaptations in Antarctic Vertebrates (Ecology). - Evolution Within Pelagic Ecosystems: Aspects of the Distribution and Evolution of the Family Myctophidae / Richard F. McGinnis. - Aspects of the Diet of the Antarctic Silverfish, Pleuragramma antarcticum / H. H. DeWitt and T. L. Hopkins. - The Bacterial Microflora in the Digestive Tracts of Penguins and Fishes from the Kerguelen Islands / R. Lesel and J. P. Menet. - The Rockhopper Penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome moseleyi), of Saint Paul and New Amsterdam Islands / T. Duroselle and B. Tollu. - Adaptive Significance of the Reoccupation Period of the Adelie Penguin / E. B. Spurr. - Interactions Between South Polar Skuas and Adelie Penguins / Dietland Müller-Schwarze and Christine Müller-Schwarze. - Comparative Feeding Ecology of the Giant Petrels Macronectes giganteus (Gmelin) and M. halli (Mathews) / G. W. Johnstone. - Feeding Methods in Seabirds: A Comparison of Polar and Tropical Nesting Communities in the Eastern Pacific Ocean / David G. Ainley. - Adaptations of Arctic Terns and Antarctic Terns Within Antarctic Ecosystems / D. F. Parmelee. - Distribution and Abundance of Seals in the Pack Ice of the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean / James R. Gilbert and Albert W. Erickson. - Adaptations of Weddell and Ringed Seals to Exploit the Polar Fast Ice Habitat in the Absence or Presence of Surface Predators / Ian Stirling. - Food Consumption of Seals in the Antarctic Pack Ice / Torger Øritsland. - The Leopard Seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) at Palmer Station, Antarctica / R. J. Hofman, R. A. Reichle, D. B. Siniff, and D. Müller-Schwarze. - Distribution of Toothed Whales in the Antarctic Ocean / Masaharu Nishiwaki. - Discussion. - Part V: The Structure and Function of Antarctic Freshwater Ecosystems. - Antarctic Freshwater Ecosystems: Review and Synthesis / Ronald B. Heywood. - Production and Periodicity of Antarctic Freshwater Phytoplankton / J. J. Light. - Studies on Some Saline Lakes of the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica / K. R. Kerry, D. R. Grace, R. Williams, and H. R. Burton. - Nitrogen and Phosphorus Availability to Plankton: and Benthic Communities in Lake Bonney, Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica / Robert C. Hoehn, Bruce C. Parker, Richard D. Fortner, Barron L. Weand, James A. Craft, Larry S. Lane, Robert W. Stavros, Harold G. Sugg, Jr., and Jeffrey T. Whitehurst. - Changes in Dissolved Organic Matter, Photosynthetic Production, and Microbial Community Composition in Lake Bonney, Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica / Bruce C. Parker, Robert C. Hoehn, Robert A. Paterson, James A. Craft, Larry S. Lane, Robert W. Stavros, Harold G. Sugg, Jr., Jeffrey T. Whitehurst, Richard D. Fortner, and Barron L. Weand. - Discussion. - Part VI: The Structure and Function of Antarctic Terrestrial Ecosystems. - Climatic Relationships in Antarctic and Northern Hemisphere Populations of a Cosmopolitan Moss, Bryum argenteum Hedw. / R. E. Longton and Marjorie A. Maclver. - The Growth of Mosses in Two Contrasting Communities in the Maritime Antarctic: Measurement and Pre , Includes some contributions in French

Note: Inhalt: Abstract. - Abstract in russischer Sprache. - Einleitung. - Material. - Ergebnisse und Diskussion. - Tabelle 1: Kosmopolitsche und holarktisch verbreitete Taxa, die in NW-Sibirien und in Mitteleuropa gleichermaßen vorkommen. - Tabelle 2: Taxa, die bisher in Mitteleuropa noch nicht identifiziert werden konnten. - Neue Taxa, neue Kombinationen und andere besonders bemerkenswerte Diatomeen aus der sibirischen Arktis (in alphabetischer Reihenfolge). - Neidiopsis nov. gen. - Dank. - Literaturverzeichnis. - Bildtafeln mit Legenden. - Index der Taxa. - Appendices. - Kobayasiella Nov. Nom. für Kobayasia Lange-Bertalot. - Neue Kombinationen von Taxa aus Achnanthes Bory (Sensu Lato). - Neue Kombinationen von Taxa in der Gattung Microcostatus Johansen & Spay 1998. - Validierung von Cymbopleura Nov. Gen. - Kurze Bemerkung zu Didymosphenia Dentata (Dorogost.) Skvortzow & Meyer. , Text lat. u. dt. , Zsfass. in engl. u. russ. Sprache

Note: Table of Contents: SECTION A: MODERN OCEAN AND SEA-ICE PROCESSES. - Features of Seasonal and Interannual Variability of the Sea Level and Water Circulation in the Laptev Sea / V. K. Pavlov and P. V. Pavlov. - Numerical Modelling of Storm Surges in the Laptev Sea Based on the Finite Element Method / I. Ashik and A. Novakov. - Large-Scale Variations of Sea Level in the Laptev Sea / G. N. Voinov and E. A. Zakharchuk. - Extreme Oscillations of the Sea Level in the Laptev Sea / I. Ashik, Y. Dvorkin and Y. Vanda. - Internal Waves in the Laptev Sea / E. A. Zakharchuk. - The Composition of the Coarse Fraction of Aerosols in the Marine Boundary Layer over the Laptev, Kara and Barents Seas / V. P. Shevchenko, A. P. Lisitzin, R. Stein, V. V. Serova, A. B. Isaeva and N. V. Politova. - New Data on Sea-Ice Albedo in the Laptev and Barents Seas / B. V. Ivanov. - Possible Causes of Radioactive Contamination in the Laptev Sea / V. K. Pavlov, V. V. Stanovoy and A. I. Nikitin. - Oceanographic Causes for Transarctic Ice Transport of River Discharge / I. Dmitrenko, P. Golovin, V. Gribanov and H. Kassens. - Step-Like Vertical Structure Formation Due to Turbulent Mixing of Initially Continuous Density Gradients / A. Zatsepin, S. Dikarev, S. Poyarkov, N. Sheremet, I. Dmitrenko, P. Golovin and H. Kassens. - Dissolved and Paniculate Major and Trace Elements in Newly Formed Ice from the Laptev Sea (Transdrift III, October 1995) / J. A. Hölemann, M. Schirmacher and A. Prange. - Particle Entrainment into Newly Forming Sea Ice - Freeze-Up Studies in October 1995 / F. Lindemann, J. A. Holemann, A. Korablev and A. Zachek. - Frazil Ice Formation during the Spring Flood and its Role in Transport of Sediments to the Ice Cover / P. Golovin, I. Dmitrenko, H. Kassens and J. A. Hölemann. - SECTION B: THE MARINE ECOSYSTEM. - Pelagic-Benthic Coupling in the Laptev Sea Affected by Ice Cover / C. Grahl, A. Boetius and E.-M. Nöthig. - Chlorophyll a Distribution in Water Column and Sea Ice during the Laptev Sea Freeze-Up Study in Autumn 1995 / K. v. Juterzenka and K. Knickmeier. - Composition, Abundance and Population Structure of Spring-Time Zooplankton in the Shelf-Zone of Laptev Sea / E. N. Abramova. - Macrobenthos Distribution in the Laptev Sea in Relation to Hydrology / V. V. Petryashov, B. I. Sirenko, A. A. Golikov, A. V. Novozhilov, E. Rachor, D. Piepenburg and M. K. Schmid. - Carepoctus solidus sp.n., a New Species of Liparid Fish (Scorpaeniformes, Liparidae) from the Lower Bathyal of the Polar Basin / N. V. Chernova. - Spring Stopover of Birds on the Laptev Sea Polynya / D. V. Solovieva. - SECTION C: LAND-OCEAN INTERACTIONS AND PATHWAYS. - Major, Trace and Rare Earth Element Geochemistry of Suspended Particulate Material of East Siberian Rivers Draining to the Arctic Ocean / V. Rachold. - Carbon Isotope Composition of Particulate Organic Material in East Siberian Rivers / V. Rachold and H.-W. Hubberten. - Distribution of River Water and Suspended Sediment Loads in the Deltas of Rivers in the Basins of The Laptev and East-Siberian Seas / V. V. Ivanov and A. A. Piskun. - Dissolved Oxygen, Silicon, Phosphorous and Suspended Matter Concentrations During the Spring Breakup of The Lena River / S. V. Pivovarov, J. A. Hölemann, H. Kassens, M. Antonow and I. Dmitrenko. - Distribution Patterns of Heavy Minerals in Siberian Rivers, the Laptev Sea and the eastern Arctic Ocean: An Approach to Identify Sources, Transport and Pathways of Terrigenous Matter / M. Behrends, E. Hoops and B. Peregovich. - The Role of Coastal Retreat for Sedimentation in the Laptev Sea / F. E. Are. - SECTION D: TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT - PAST AND PRESENT. - Seasonal Changes in Hydrology, Energy Balance and Chemistry in the Active Layers of Arctic Tundra Soils in Taymyr Peninsula, Russia / J. Boike and P. P. Overduin. - The Landscape and Geobotanical Characteristics of the Levinson-Lessing Lake Basin, Byrranga Mountains, Central Taimyr / M. A. Anisimov and I. N. Pospelov. - Studies of Methane Production and Emission in Relation to the Microrelief of a Polygonal Tundra in Northern Siberia / V. A. Samarkin, A. Gundelwein and E.-M. Pfeiffer. - Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emmissions at Arctic Tundra Sites in North Siberia / M. Sommerkom, A. Gundelwein, E.-M. Pfeiffer and M. Bolter. - The Features of the Hydrological Regime of the Lake-River Systems of the Byrranga Mountains (by the Example of the Levinson-Lessing Lake) / V. P. Zimichev, D. Yu. Bolschyanov, V. G. Mesheryakov and D. Gintz. - Lead-210 Dating and Heavy Metal Concentration in Recent Sediments of Lama Lake (Norilsk Area, Siberia) / B. Hagedorn, S. Harwart, M. M. R. van der Loeff and M. Melles. - Late Weichselian to Holocene Diatom Succession in a Sediment Core from Lama Lake, Siberia and Presumed Ecological Implications / U. Kienel. - Climate and Vegetation History of the Taymyr Peninsula since Middle Weichselian Time - Palynological Evidence from Lake Sediments / J. Hahne and M. Melles. - Laminated Sediments from Levinson-Lessing Lake, Northern Central Siberia - A 30,000 Year Record of Environmental History? / T. Ebel, M. Melles and F. Niessen. - High-Resolution Seismic Stratigraphy of Lake Sediments on the Taymyr Peninsula, Central Siberia / F. Niessen, T. Ebel, C. Kopsch and G. B. Fedorov. - Archaeological Survey in Central Taymyr / V. V. Pitul'ko. - Marine Pleistocene Deposits of the Taymyr Peninsula and their Age from ESR Dating / D. Bolshiyanov and A. Molodkov. - Paleoclimatic Indicators from Permafrost Sequences in the Eastern Taymyr Lowland / C. Siegert, A. Yu. Derevyagin, G.N. Shilova, W.-D. Hermichen and A. Hiller. - SECTION E: MARINE DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT - PAST AND PRESENT. - Stable Oxygen Isotope Ratios in Benthic Carbonate Shells of Ostracoda, Foraminifera, and Bivalvia from Surface Sediments of the Laptev Sea, Summer 1993 and 1994 / H. Erlenkeuser and U. von Grafenstein. - Determination of Depositional Beryllium-10 Fluxes in the Area of the Laptev Sea and Beryllium-10 Concentrations in Water Samples of High Northern Latitudes / C. Strobl, V. Schulz, S. Vogler, S. Baumann, H. Kassens, P. W. Kubik, M. Suter and A. Mangini. - Spatial Distribution of Diatom Surface Sediment Assemblages on the Laptev Sea Shelf (Russian Arctic) / H. Cremer. - Diatoms from Surface Sediments of the Saint Anna Trough (Kara Sea) / R. N. Djinoridze, G. I. Ivanov, E. N. Djinoridze, and R. F. Spielhagen. - Distribution of Aquatic Palynomorphs in Surface Sediments from the Laptev Sea, Eastern Arctic Ocean / M. Kunz-Pirrung. - Distribution of Pollen and Spores in Surface Sediments of the Laptev Sea / O. D. Naidina and H. A. Bauch. - Clay Mineral Distribution in Surface Sediments of the Laptev Sea: Indicator for Sediment Provinces, Dynamics and Sources / B. T. Rossak, H. Kassens, H. Lange and J. Thiede. - Planktic Foraminifera in Holocene Sediments from the Laptev Sea and the Central Arctic Ocean: Species Distribution and Paleobiogeographical Implication / H. A. Bauch. - Holocene Diatom Stratigraphy and Paleoceanography of the Eurasian Arctic Seas / Y. Polyakova. - Late Quaternary Organic Carbon and Biomarker Records from the Laptev Sea Continental Margin (Arctic Ocean): Implications for Organic Carbon Flux and Composition / R. Stein, K. Fahl, F. Niessen and M. Siebold. - Late Pleistocene Paleoriver Channels on the Laptev Sea Shelf - Implications from Sub-Bottom Profiling / H. P. Kleiber and F. Niessen. - Main Structural Elements of Eastern Russian Arctic Continental Margin Derived from Satellite Gravity and Multichannel Seismic Reflection Data / S. S. Drachev, G. L. Johnson, S. W. Laxon, D. C. McAdoo and H. Kassens. - High Resolution Seismic Studies in the Laptev Sea Shelf: First Results and Future Needs / B. Kim, G. Grikurov and V. Soloviev. - SECTION F: SUMMARY. - Dynamics and History of the Laptev Sea and its Continental Hinterland: A Summary / J. Thiede, L. Timokhov, H. A. Bauch, D. Bolshiyanov, I. Dmitrenko