ALBERT

Note: Zugleich.: Dissertation, Technische Hochschule Zürich, 1999 , Contents: Acknowledgement. - Abstract. - Zusammenfassung. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 Objectives of this study. - 1.2 Previous woik on sensitivity. - 1.3 Definition and measurement of surface albedo. - 1.4 Main characteristics of surface albedo. - 1.5 The importance of albedo in the climate system. - 2 Observational data. - 2. L Global data. - 2.2 ln-situ snow cover observation. - 3 Validation of ECHAM4. - 3.1 Introduction. - 3.2 Precipitation. - 3.3 Surface temperature. - 3.4 Snow water equivalent. - 3.5 Surface albedo. - 4 Assessment of the ECHAM and EM land surface schemes in an off-line mode. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Comparison of the land surface schemes of ECHAM and EM. - 4.2.1 Soil temperature and soil heat flux. - 4.2.2 Soil hydrology. - 4.2.3 Prediction of surface albedo and snow processes. - 4.2.4 Parameterization of water vapour fluxes. - 4.2.5 Parameterization of boundary layer transport. - 4.3 Comparison of the sensitivities of ECHAM and EM. - 4.3.1 Control simulations. - 4.3.2 Sensitivity to the roughness length. - 4.3.3 Sensitivity to the leaf area index. - 4.3.4 Sensitivity to the vegetation ratio. - 4.3.5 Sensitivity to the background surface albedo. - 4.3.6 Sensitivity to the snow albedo. - 4.3.7 Sensitivity to the maximum soil water content. - 4.4 Assessment of the surface climate in ECHAM and EM. - 4.5 Diurnal cycles of surface variables in the ECHAM and EM control experiments. - 4.6 Comparison of the ECHAM- and EM-parameterizations with other parameterization formulae. - 4.6.1 Bare soil evaporation. - 4.6.2 Stability function. - 4.7 Comparison of the ECHAM3 and ECHAM4 land surface schemes. - 4.8 Comparison between off-line model simulation with Russian sites. - 4.9 Summary and conclusions. - 5 3-dimensional ECHAM4 simulations. - 5.1 EXP1: Snow cover fraction deduced from global datasets. - 5.1.1 Overview of modifications. - 5.1.2 Parameterization of snow cover fraction. - 5.1.3 Derivation of a snow cover expression using satellite data. - 5.1.4 Results from the 3-D experiment. - 5.2 EXP2: Snow cover fraction formula as implemented in the Météo-France climate model. - 5.2.1 Overview of modifications. - 5.2.2 Results from the 3-D experiment. - 5.3 EXP3: Polynomial temperature dependence of snow albedo. - 5.3.1 Overview of modifications. - 5.3.2 Polynomial relationship between temperature and snow albedo. - 5.3.3 Results from the 3-D experiment. - 5.4 EXP4: Splitting of the total surface albedo into its VIS- and NIR-component. - 5.4.1 Overview of modifications. - 5.4.2 Spectral albedos for snow and ice conditions. - 5.4.3 Results from the 3-D experiment. - 5.5 EXP5: Incorporation of the BATS parameterization for snow albedo. - 5.5.1 Overview of parameterizations incorporating a snow age factor. - 5.5.2 Overview of modifications. - 5.5.3 Ratio of diffuse/direct radiation. - 5.5.4 Results from the 3-D experiment. - 5.6 EXP6: Annual cycle of the LAI. - 5.6.1 Overview of modifications. - 5.6.2 Compilation of global LAI datasets. - 5.6.3 Results from the 3-D experiment. - 5.7 EXP7: Albedo of snow covered forests and a simple snow interception model. - 5.7.1 Overview of modifications. - 5.7.2 Radiation transfer canopy models. - 5.7.3 Surface albedo of snow covered canopy in CLASS. - 5.7.4 Snow interception on canopies. - 5.7.5 Results from the 3-D experiment. - 5.8 EXP8: Modification of snowflakes' melt temperature. - 5.8.1 Overview of modifications. - 5.8.2 Snow-rain criteria. - 5.8.3 Results from the 3-D experiment. - 5.9 EXP9: Dependence of surface albedo on soil moisture. - 5.9.1 Overview of modifications. - 5.9.2 Relationships between bare soil albedo and soil moisture. - 5.9.3 Results from the 3-D experiment. - 5.10 EXP 10: Incorporation of subgrid scale orography. - 5.10.1 Incorporation of subgrid scale topographic variability. - 5.10.2 Topographic dataset. - 5.10.3 Experimental setup. - 5.10.4 Results from the 3-D experiment. - 6 Conclusions. - References. - Appendix. - A.1 Abstract and Summary of Paper 1.

Note: Contents: 1. Overview. - 2. Studies on Surface and Bedrock Topographies around Dome Fuji. - 3. Deep Ice Coring at Dome Fuji Station. - 4. Ice Core Analyses. - 5. Results of ice Core Analyses. - 6. Future Plan of Publication of the Dome Fuji Deep Drilling Project. - 7. Publications List. - 8. List of Investigators.

Note: The Economic-Legal System and the Role of Property Rights: An Introduction ; 1 Foundation Stones: Politically-Based Versus Judge-Made Law ; Efficiency ; Two Basic Propositions ; Two Major Theorems on Property Rights ; 2 Society's Machinery: Coordination and Constitutions ; Markets and Firms ; Political Processes ; 3 Property, Breach of Contract, Tort, Crime: Formalized Property Rights ; Injunctions ; Damages or Punishment? ; Negligence: The Simplest Case ; Joint Responsibility ; Intent, Strict Liability, Insurance ; The Stringency of Sanctions ; The Behavior of Disputant Parties and Courts ; 4 Contracts, Companies, Regulation: Contracts: Problems and Solutions ; The Contractual and Legal Structure of Firms ; Limits of Freedom of Contract ; 5 Epilogue: Conclusions and Final Comments

Note: Translated from the Japanese

Note: Zugl.: Kaiserslautern, Univ., Habil., 2002

Note: CONTENTS Carlo Doglioni and Eugenio Carminati: The effect of four subductions in N/E-Italy Alfred Hirn: Geophysical data and collisional belt: Pyrenees and Himalayas Onno Oncken: The Andes mountain belt - comparing the geophysical architecture of a subduction orogen with collisional belts Ewald Lueschen, Helmut Gebrande, Karl Millahn und Rinaldo Nicolich: Seismic profiling by the TRANSALP WORKING GROUP: deep crustal vibroseis and explosive profiling Daniela Borrini, Luca Bertelli, Roberto Fantoni, Alfredo Mazzotti, Giacomo Mezzadra and Rinaldo Nicolich: High resolution processing of vibrosets data Karl Millahn, Ewald Lueschen and Helmut Gebrande: Seismic profiling by the TRANSALP Working Group: cross-line recording for 3D-Control Florian Bleibinhaus: Seismic profiling by the TRANSALP Working Group: refraction and wide-angle reflection seismic traveltime tomography Jörn Kummerow, Reiner Kind, Onno Oncken Kurt Wylegalla, and Frank Scherbaum: Seismic profiling by the TRANSALP Working Croup: receiver functions image and Upper Mantle anisotropy Rüdiger Thomas, Kurt Bram, Klaus Schwerd and Jürgen Fertig: High-resolution reflection seismics and hydrocarbon industry profiles at the northern part of the TRANSALP profile Marcello Bernabini, Pierluigi Bernardelli, Carlo Comin, Franco Coren, Salvatore Giammetti, Roberto Longoni, Rinaldo Nicolich, Luciana Orlando, Franco Palmieri and Claudio Zanolla: Gravimetnc data base and 2001 surveys Jörg Ebbing and Hans-Jürgen Götze: The collision of the European and Adriatic plates in the Eastern Alps - insights from 3D density modelling and isostatic investigations Roberto Cassinis and Salvatore Scarascia: The structure of the deep crust and Moho boundary along the TRANSALP according to the DSS data: a contribution to the lateral extension of the model Stefano Solarino, Eduard Kissling, Dario Slejko, Claudio Eva, Elena Eva, and Alessandro Rebez: Seismotectonics of eastern Veneto in the light of the TRANSALP experiment Wolfgang A. Lenhardt: Seismicity in Tyrol in relation to the TRANSALP profile Jörg Ansorge, Regina Lippitsch and Eduard Kissling: Lithosphere structure of the Alpine arc: new evidence from high-resolution teleseismic tomography Giuliano F. Panza, Reneta Raykova, Chimera Giordano and Abdelkarim Aoudia: Multiscale surface wave tomography in the Alps Antonella Peresan, Alexandre Gorshkov, Alexandre Soloviev, Inessa Vorobieva, and Giuliano F. Panza : Morfostructural zonation and block model dynamics in the Alps and surrounding regions Ernst Willingshofer, Dimitrios Sokoutis and Jean-Pierre Burg : Collisional tectonics and the deep structure of the Eastern Alps: inferences from lithospheric-scale analogue modelling Klaus Ullemeyer, Siegfried Siegesmund, and Patrick N. J. Rosolofosaon: Experimental and texture-derived P-wave velocities from the TRANSALP seismic traverse - preliminary results Hans-Dieter Vosteen, Christoph Clauser, and Bernd Lammerer: The thermal regime of the Eastern Alps: results from inverse analyses along tbe TRANSALP traverse Stefan Schlömer, Eckhard Faber, Alfred Hollerbach, Manfred Teschner, Bernd Lammerer, Ewald Lueschen, and Jürgen Poggenburg: Hydrocarbon gases in sediments from shot holes - Transalp Section Carla Braitenberg, Jörg Ebbing, and Hans-Jürgen Götze: New Inputs from the Transalp transect to the understanding of isotasy in the Eastern Alps Igor Cerovsky, Wolfgang Frisch and Bruno Meurers: Gravity and magnetic modelling in 3D Andrea Argnani and Claudia Piromallo: The evolution of the Alpine orogen of Eastern Europe: insights from plate kinematics and comparison with mantle tomography Franco Pettenati, Livio Sirovich and Francesco Gentile: Validation of some Transalp results (southern segment) by source inversion of the Cansiglio, 1936 earthquake Francesco Paolo Sassi, Luigi Burlini, Bernardo Cesare, Antonio Galgaro, Claudio Mazzoli, Sandro Meli, Luca Peruzzo, Raffaele Sassi, and Richard Spiess: Crustal modelling of a type area in Eastern Alps: a multidisciplinary attempt Muriel Gerbault, and Ernst Willingshofer: Thermo-mechanical modelling and indentation tectonics: how important is lower crustal rheology? Gian Battista Vai: Palaeozoic palaeotectonis of the eastern Southern Alps: implications for the Transalp Profile Silvano Sinigoi, James E. Quick, Gabriella Peressini and Adriano Mayer: An example of the Apulian lower crust: the lvrea-Verbano zone Maria Iole Spalla and Guido Grosse: Permian-Triassic magmatism and the tectonothermal evolution of the Austroalpine and South-Alpine lithosphere Claudio L. Rosenberg: Ascent of tbe Periadriatic Plutons: a review with implications for the TRANSALP transect Alfonso Bosellini, Piero Gianolla and Marco Stefani: The evolution of the Triassic carbonate platforms in the Dolomites, Northern Italy Vincenzo Picotti, Miriam Cobianchi, Roberto Fantoni, and Daniele Masetti: Platform to basin transittons: tectonic control and patterns in the Mesozoic of the eastern Southern Alps Patrizia Macera, Daniela Gasperini, Katiuscia Maffei, Silvana Martin and Claudia Piromallo: Tertiary magmatism in the Eastern Alps Luca Bertelli, Luigi Cantelli, Alberto Castellarin, Roberto Fantoni, Alessandro Mosconi, Mattia Sella and Luigi Selli: Upper crustal style, shortening and deformation ages in the Alps along the southern sector of the TRANSALP profile Massimiliano Zattin, Andrea Cuman, Roberto Fantoni, Silvana Martin, Paolo Scotti, and Cristina Stefani: Thermochronological evolution of the Southern Alps along the TRANSALP profile Roberto Fantoni, Bruno Della Vedova, Michela Giustiniani, Rinaldo Nicolich, Chiara Barbieri, Anna Del Ben, Icilio Finetti and Alberta Castellarin: Deep seismic profiles through the Venetian and Adriatic foreland (Northern Italy) Chiara Barbieri, Giovanni Bertotti, Daniele Catellani, Andrea Di Giulio, Roberto Fantoni and Nicoletta Mancin: Flexural response of the Venetian foreland to the Southalpine orogeny analysed through 2D crustal modelling Alberta M. RrvA and Marco M. SrEFANI: Synvolcanic deformation and intraplat/orm collapsing: the Latemar case history from the Middle Triassic of the Dolomites Marco Stefani and Riccardo Caputo: Synvolcanic carbonate production at scalloped platform margins: examples from the Middle Triassic Catinaccio Buildups (Dolomites, Italy) Riccardo Caputo and Marco Stefanil: Understanding poly nucleated carbonate platforms through palinspastic restoration: example from Middle Triassic of the Dolomites Giovanni Battista Carulli, Andrea Cozzi, Daniele Masetti, Enrico Pernarcic, Fulvio Podda and Maurizio Ponton: Middle Triassic- Early Jurassic extensional tectonics in the Carnian Prealps (eastern Southern Alps, N. E. Italy) Riccardo Caputo, Eliana Pou and Adriano Zanferrari: Neogene-Quaternary twist tectonics in the eastern Southern Alps, Italy Adriano Zanferrari, Eliana M. Pou and Sergio Rogledi: The external thrust-belt of eastern Southern Alps in Friuli (NE Italy) Martin Thöni: Garnet chronometry in the Eastern Alps: insight into the polyphase nature of a composite orogenic structure Silvana Martin: Tectonic setting and pre-Alpine evolution of the Tonale nappe, Eastern Austroalpine Georg Hoinkes: The "Alpine" metamorphic evolution of the Austroalpine basement: comparative petrological data from the Ötztal- and Wölz-Complex Franz Neubauer: Tectonic evolution of the Eastern Alps: from Permian rifting to Cretaceous and Tertiary collisions Mark R. Handy, Claudio. L. Rosenberg, Ralph Wagner and Maja Wegmann: Tertiary exhumation and strike-slip tectonics in the Austroalpine basement: implications for deep structure of the TRANSALP section Bernd Lammerer: The Tauern Window - key to the understanding of the Eastern Alps Franz Neubauer, Ada Kiss and Cestmir Tomek: Control of the collisional architecture by inherited, passive-margin structures: the European crust in the TRANSALP section compared with borehole and other seismic sections of the northern Eastern Alps Hugo Ortner, Franz Reiter and Reiner Brandner: Kinematic

Note: Contents: Polar sciences and global environmental changes / Byong-Kwon Park. - The sun earth connection: thermodynamics of the terrestrial atmosphere during geo-effective events / R. J. Niciejewski and Y.-I. Won. - Observations of atmospheric waves in the high-latitude / Y.-I. Won, R. J. Niciejewski, P. Espy, J.-K. Chung and Bang Yong Lee. - Malaysian Antarctic Research Program / Nasaruddin Rahman, Salleh Mohd Nor and Azizan Abu Samah. - Compositional variation in pyrochlore from the Sokoli Phoscorite-Carbonatite complex, Kola Peninsula, Arctic / Mi Jung Lee, C. Terry Williams, Jong Ik Lee, and Yeadong Kim. - U-Th-Pb electron microprobe datings on the Rayner complex, East Antarctica / Yoichi Motoyoshi, Tomokazu Hokada and Kazuyuki Shiraishi. - Geochemical variation during hydrothermal alteration of basaltic andesite at Barton Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica / Soon Do Hur, Jong Ik Lee and Jeong Hwang. - The paleocene-eocene volcanic succession in the Barton Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica: Lithofacies, eruption styles and depositional processes / Seung Bum Kim, Young Kwan Shon and Moon Young Choe. - Holocene paleoclimate in Antarctic Lake Langer (King George Island) / B. K. Khim, K. Lee, H. I. Yoon and C. Y. Kang. - Holocene paleoceanography and paleoclimate of the West Spitsbergen Area, Euro-Arctic margin / Morten Hald, Hanne Ebbesen, Matthias Forwick, Sergei Korsun, Tore O. Vorren, Liza Khomenko, and Fred Godtliebsen. - Origins and paleoceanographic significance of layered diatom ooze interval from the Bransfield Strait in the Northern Antarctic Peninsula around 2500 yrs BP / Ho Il Yoon, Byong-Kwon Park, Yeadong Kim, Cheon Yun kang and Sung-Ho Kang. - A record of holocene environmental changes in terrestrial sedimentary deposits on King George Island, Antarctica / A. Tatur, R. del Valle, A. Barczuk, J. Martinez-Macchiavello. - Geochemistry of soils of King George Island, South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica: Implications for pedogenesis in cold polar regions / Yong Il Lee, Hyoun Soo Lim, and Ho Il Yoon. - Seafloor structure around the epicenter of the Great Antarctic Plate earthquake / Yoshifumi Nogi and Kin-ichiro Koizumi. - Multidisciplinary surveys by 'structure and evolution of the East Antarctic Lithosphere': SEAL-2000, -2002 / M. Kanao, H. Miyamachi, S. Toda, H. Murakami, T. Tsutsui, T. Matsushima, M. Takada, A. Watanabe, M. Yamashita, K. Yoshii, K. Kaminuma, and SEAL Geotransect Group. - Local seismic activity around Syowa Station, East Antarctica / Katsutada Kaminuma and Masaki Kanao. - Morphological characteristics of the intersection between Phoenix Ridge and the Hero Fracture Zone / Kyu Jung Kim, Young Keun Jin, Sang Heon Nam, Joo Han Lee and Yeadong Kim. - Visual observation experiments to investigate the formation processes of globular gas hydrate / H. Shoji. - Gas hydrate BSR-derived heat flow variation on the South Shetland Continental Margin, Antarctic Peninsula / Young Keun Jin, Sang Heon Nam, Yeadong Kim, Kyu Jung Kim and Joo Han Lee. - Introduction to ice core drilling program on Amery Ice Shelf in the 2002/2003 Antarctic summer season / Yuansheng Li, Dejun Tan, Zengdi Pan, Zhaoqian Dong, Bo Sun and Jiahong Wen. - 724 M deep ice core from Akademii Nauk Ice Cap Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic) - Electrical conductivity measurements and isotopic record / D. Fritzsche, R. Schütt, H. Meyer, H. Miller, and F. Wilhelms. - Introduction of the Chinese Polar Cryospheric Database System (CPCDS) / Xiang Qin, Dahe Qin and Yongjian Ding. - Natural variations in lead, cadmium, copper and zinc concentrations and their sources in Vostok Antarctic Ice from 65,000 to 240,000 years BP / Sungmin Hong, Kang Hyun Lee, Claude F. Boutron, Christophe P. Ferrari, Jean Robert Petit, Carlo Barbante, Kevin Rosman, Vladimir Y. Lipenkov. - Fluctuation of ice sheet elevation in East Antarctica since the late Pliocene / Xiaohan Liu, Ping Kong, Feixin Huang, Xiaoli Li, and Aimin Fang. - Variations of total ozone amount and erythermal ultraviolet radiation at King Sejong Station in West Antarctica / Bang Yong Lee, Hi-Ku Cho, Yun-Gon Lee and Young-In Won. - Variability of regional atmospheric circulation related with recent warming in the Antarctic Peninsula / Jeong-Soon Lee, Tae-Yong Kwon, Bang-Yong Lee, Ho Il Yoon and Jeong-Woo Kim. - The surface UV-A and erythermal UV-B radiation changes at King Sejong Station of West Antarctica / Kyu-Tae Lee, Joon-Bum Jee, Won-Hak Lee, Youn-Joung Kim, Bang Yong Lee, and Young-In Won. - Climatological characteristics of the polar ionosphere based on the Sondrestrom and Chatanika incoherent scatter radar measurements / Young-Sil Kwak and Byung-Ho Ahn. - Cloudy band and air inclusions observed in deep ice core samples from GRIP, Greenland / Kimiko Shimohara, Hitoshi Shoji and Sepp Kipfstuhl. - Geochemical trends and Milankovitch cycles within sediment from the North Atlantic Ocean / Sangmin Hyun, Naokazu Ahagon and Ho Il Yoon. - Oceanographic mechanism of regional warming in the Antarctic Peninsula / Kyu-Cheul Yoo, Ho Il Yoon, Jae-Kyung Oh, Tae-Yong Kwon and Cheon Yun Kang. - East Asian Monsoon variation during the late pleistocene to holocene: paleoclimate changes indicated by proxy records from Jeju Island, Korea / Seung Hyoun Lee, Yong Il Lee, Ho Il Yoon and Cheon Yun Kang. - Occurrence of vivianite in late pleistocene lacustrine sediments at Sogwipo, Jeju Island, Korea / Seung Hyoun Lee, Yong Il Lee, Ho Il Yoon, Cheon Yun Kang and Yaedong Kim. - Microfabric analysis of laminated diatom ooze in the holocene sediments from the eastern Bransfield Strait, Antarctic Peninsula / Jang Jun Bahk, Ho Il Yoon, Yeadong Kim, Cheon Yun Kang and Sung Ho Bae. - Late Quaternary paleoenvironment of the Saint Anna Trough, Arcitc Russia / Jae Il Lee, Yeadong Kim and Ho Il Yoon. - Formation and dissociation processes of gas hydrates composed of methane and carbon dioxide below the ice point / A. Hachikubo, K. Yamada, T. Miura, K. Hyakutake, K. Abe and H. Shoji. - Visual observations of tubular gas hydrate formation in a pressure cell with water and seafloor sediment / K. Hyakutake, O. Kitamura, S. Kataoka, A. Hachikubo, H. Shoji and L. Mazurenko. - Formation processes of massive gas hydrate in a pressure cell with water-saturated sediment conditions / O. Kitamura, S. Kataoka, K. Hyakutake, A. Hachikubo and H. Shoji. - Phase equilibrium studies on mixed gas hydrates composed of methane and carbon dioxide below the ice point / T. Miura, A. Hachikubo, K. Hyakutake, K. Abe and H. Shoji. - CP-MAS 13C-NMR study on the crystallographic structure of natural gas hydrate in the bottom of the Okhotsk Sea and Lake Baikal / M. Kida, H. Sakagami, H. Minami, Y. Numokawa, N. Takahashi, T. Matveeva, H. Shoji, S. Takeya, Y. Kamata, T. Ebinuma, H. Narita, V. Soloviev, K. Wallmann, N. Biebow, A. Obzhirov, A. Salomatin, J. Poort, O. Khlystov and M. Grachev. - Some features of gas hydrates in the sea of Okhotsk / T. Matveeva, V. Soloviev, K. Wallmann, A. Obzhirov, N. Biebow, J. Poort, A. Salomatin and H. Shoji. - High-resolution echo facies analysis of glacial-marine deposits in the Bransfield Basin, Antarctica / S. H. Yoon, H. I. Yoon and J. Howe. - Characteristics of Beach sands, King George Island, West Antarctica / Tae Jin Choi, Yong Il Lee and Ho Il Yoon. - Transition from debris flow to hyperconcentrated flow in a submarine channel (the Cretaceous Cerro Toro Formation, Southern Chile) / Y. K. Sohn, M. Y. Choe, and H. R. Jo. - Chemical weathering of glacial debris and volcanic ash in King George Island, Antarctica / Gi Young Jeong and Bong Ho Lee. - The cenozoic sedimentary records found in the Grove Mountains, East Antarctica and their climatic implications / Aimin Fang, Xiaohan Liu, Xiaoli Li, Jong Ik Lee, Yitai Ju and Feixin Huang. - The pollen assemblages found in the cenozoic sedimentary rocks in Grove Mountains, East Antarctica / Aimin Fang, Xiaohan Liu, Xiaoli Li, Yitai Ju and Weimin W

Note: Contents: Introduction / V. I. Nikolaev. - Oxygen isotope composition of the bone phosphate of reindeer: potential as a palaeoenvironmental recorder / Vladimir Nikolaev, Silvana Davanzo, Antonio Longinelli, Paola Iacumin. - Carbon isotope studies of mammoth's food and fossil remains / Vladimir Nikolaev, Silvana Davanzo, Ludmila Kuznetsova, Paola Iacumin. - A fresh approach to palaeogeography of northern regions of West Siberia in sartan time (Late Pleistocene) / Dimitri Bolshiyanov, Vladimir Nikolaev, Alexander Sosnovskiy. - Relief and sediments forming of the Eastern Khibiny Mountains in the end of Late Pleistocene and Holocene / F. A. Romanenko, A. A. Lukashov, E. D. Sheremetskaya, Yu. R. Belyaev, N. E. Zaretskaya, D. K. Kuznetsov, O. S. Olyunina, A. M. Tarbeeva. , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Erscheint alle 2 Jahre , Text in deutscher und englischer Sprache

Note: Contents: Contents: 1. A long, dark shadow over democratic politics ; 2. The doctrine of democratic irrationalism ; 3. Is democratic voting inaccurate? ; 4. The Arrow general possibility theorem ; 5. Is democracy meaningless? Arrow's condition of unrestricted domain ; 6. Is democracy meaningless? Arrow's condition of the independence of irrelevant alternatives ; 7. Strategic voting and agenda control ; 8. Multidimensional chaos ; 9. Assuming irrational actors: the Powell Amendment ; 10. Assuming irrational actors: the Depew amendment ; 11. Unmanipulating the manipulation: the Wilmot proviso ; 12. Unmanipulating the manipulation: the election of Lincoln ; 13. Antebellum politics concluded ; 14. More of Riker's cycles debunked ; 15. Other cycles debunked ; 16. New dimensions ; 17. Plebiscitarianism against democracy : 18. Democracy resplendent

Note: Contents: Preface to the eighth edition. - Acknowledgements. - 1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY. - A The atmosphere. - B Solar energy. - C Global circulation. - D Climatology. - E Mid-latitude disturbances. - F Tropical weather. - G Palaeoclimates. - H The global climate system. - 2 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION, MASS AND STRUCTURE. - A Composition of the atmosphere. - 1 Primary gases. - 2 Greenhouse gases. - 3 Reactive gas species. - 4 Aerosols. - 5 Variations with height. - 6 Variations with latitude and season. - 7 Variations with time. - B Mass of the atmosphere. - 1 Total pressure. - 2 Vapour pressure C The layering of the atmosphere. - 1 Troposphere. - 2 Stratosphere. - 3 Mesosphere. - 4 Thermosphere. - 5 Exosphere and magnetosphere. - 3 SOLAR RADIATION AND THE GLOBAL ENERGY BUDGET. - A Solar radiation. - 1 Solar output. - 2 Distance from the sun. - 3 Altitude of the sun. - 4 Length of day. - B Surface receipt of solar radiation and its effects. - 1 Energy transfer within the earth-atmosphere system. - 2 Effect of the atmosphere. - 3 Effect of cloud cover. - 4 Effect of latitude. - 5 Effect ofland and sea. - 6 Effect of elevation and aspect. - 7 Variation of free-air temperature with height. - C Terrestrial infra-red radiation and the greenhouse effect. - D Heat budget of the earth. - E Atmospheric energy and horizontal heat transport. - 1 The horizontal transport of heat. - 2 Spatial pattern of the heat budget components. - 4 ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE BUDGET. - A The global hydrological cycle. - B Humidity. - 1 Moisture content. - 2 Moisture transport. - C Evaporation. - D Condensation. - E Precipitation characteristics and measurement. - 1 Forms of precipitation. - 2 Precipitation characteristics. - a Rainfall intensity. - b Areal extent of a rainstorm. - c Frequency of rainstorms. - 3 The world pattern of precipitation. - 4 Regional variations in the altitudinal maximum of precipitation. - 5 Drought. - 5 ATMOSPHERIC INSTABILITY, CLOUD FORMATION AND PRECIPITATION PROCESSES. - A Adiabatic temperature changes. - B Condensation level. - C Air stability and instability. - D Cloud formation. - 1 Condensation nuclei. - 2 Cloud types. - 3 Global cloud cover. - E Formation of precipitation. - 1 Bergeron-Findeisen theory. - 2 Coalescence theories. - 3 Solid precipitation. - F Precipitation types. - 1 'Convective type' precipitation. - 2 'Cyclonic type' precipitation. - 3 Orographic precipitation. - G Thunderstorms. - 1 Development. - 2 Cloud electrification and lightning. - 6 ATMOSPHERIC MOTION: PRINCIPLES. - A Laws of horizontal motion. - 1 The pressure-gradient force. - 2 The earth's rotational deflective (Coriolis) force. - 3 The geostrophic wind. - 4 The centripetal acceleration. - 5 Frictional forces and the planetary boundary layer. - B Divergence, vertical motion and vorticity. - 1 Divergence. - 2 Vertical motion. - 3 Vorticity. - C Local winds. - 1 Mountain and valley winds. - 2 Land and sea breezes. - 3 Winds due to topographic barriers. - 7 PLANETARY-SCALE MOTIONS IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN. - A Variation of pressure and wind velocity with height. - 1 The vertical variation of pressure systems. - 2 Mean upper-air patterns. - 3 Upper wind conditions. - 4 Surface pressure conditions. - B The global wind belts. - 1 The trade winds. - 2 The equatorial westerlies. - 3 The mid-latitude (Ferrel) westerlies. - 4 The polar easterlies. - C The general circulation. - 1 Circulations in the vertical and horizontal planes. - 2 Variations in the circulation of the northern hemisphere. - a Zonal index variations. - b North Atlantic Oscillation. - D Ocean structure and circulation. - 1 Above the thermocline. - a Vertical. - b Horizontal. - 2 Deep ocean water interactions. - a Upwelling. - b Deep ocean circulation. - 3 The oceans and atmospheric regulation. - 8 NUMERICAL MODELS OF THE GENERAL CIRCULATION, CLIMATE AND WEATHER PREDICTION / T. N. Chase and R. G. Barry. - A Fundamentals of the GCM. - B Model simulations. - 1 GCMs. - 2 Simpler models. - 3 Regional models. - C Data sources for forecasting. - D Numerical weather prediction. - 1 Short- and medium-range forecasting. - 2 'Nowcasting'. - 3 Long-range outlooks. - 9 MID-LATITUDE SYNOPTIC AND MESOSCALE SYSTEMS. - A The airmass concept. - B Nature of the source area. - 1 Cold airmasses. - 2 Warm airmasses. - C Airmass modification. - 1 Mechanisms of modification. - a Thermodynamic changes. - b Dynamic changes. - 2 The results of modification: secondary airmasses. - a Cold air. - b Warm air. - 3 The age of the airmass. - D Frontogenesis. - 1 Frontal waves. - 2 The frontal-wave depression. - E Frontal characteristics. - 1 The warm front. - 2 The cold front. - 3 The occlusion. - 4 Frontal-wave families. - F Zones of wave development and frontogenesis. - G Surface/upper-air relationships and the formation of frontal cyclones. - H Non-frontal depressions. - 1 The lee cyclone. - 2 The thermal low. - 3 Polar air depressions. - 4 The cold low. - I Mesoscale convective systems. - 10 WEATHER AND CLIMATE IN MIDDLE AND HIGH LATITUDES. - A Europe. - 1 Pressure and wind conditions. - 2 Oceanicity and continentality. - 3 British airflow patterns and their climatic characteristics. - 4 Singularities and natural seasons. - 5 Synoptic anomalies. - 6 Topographic effects. - B North America. - 1 Pressure systems. - 2 The temperate west coast and Cordillera. - 3 Interior and eastern North America. - a Continental and oceanic influences. - b Warm and cold spells. - c Precipitation and the moisture balance. - C The subtropical margins. - 1 The semi-arid southwestern United States. - 2 The interior southeastern United States. - 3 The Mediterranean. - 4 North Africa. - 5 Australasia. - D High latitudes. - 1 The southern westerlies. - 2 The sub-Arctic. - 3 The polar regions. - a The Arctic. - b Antarctica. - 11 TROPICAL WEATHER AND CLIMATE. - A The intertropical convergence. - B Tropical disturbances. - 1 Wave disturbances. - 2 Cyclones. - a Hurricanes and typhoons. - b Other tropical disturbances. - 3 Tropical cloud clusters. - C The Asian monsoon. - 1 Winter. - 2 Spring. - 3 Early summer. - 4 Summer. - 5 Autumn. - D East Asian and Australian summer monsoons. - E Central and southern Africa. - 1 The African monsoon. - 2 Southern Africa. - F Amazonia. - G El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. - 1 The Pacific Ocean. - 2 Teleconnections. - H Other sources of climatic variations in the tropics. - 1 Cool ocean currents. - 2 Topographic effects. - 3 Diurnal variations. - I Forecasting tropical weather. - 1 Short- and extended-range forecasts. - 2 Long-range forecasts. - 12 BOUNDARY LAYER CLIMATES. - A Surface energy budgets. - B Non-vegetated natural surfaces. - 1 Rock and sand. - 2 Water. - 3 Snow and ice C Vegetated surfaces. - 1 Short green crops. - 2 Forests. - a Modification of energy transfers. - b Modification of airflow. - c Modification of the humidity environment. - d Modification of the thermal environment. - D Urban surfaces. - 1 Modification of atmospheric composition. - a Aerosols. - b Gases. - c Pollution distribution and impacts. - 2 Modification of the heat budget. - a Atmospheric composition. - b Urban surfaces. - c Human heat production. - d Heat islands. - 3 Modification of surface characteristics. - a Airflow. - b Moisture. - 4 Tropical urban climates. - 13 CLIMATE CHANGE. - A General considerations. - B Climate forcings and feedbacks. - 1 External forcing. - 2 Short-term forcing and feedback. - C The climatic record. - 1 The geological record. - 2 Late glacial and post-glacial conditions. - 3 The past 1000 years. - D Possible causes of recent climatic change. - 1 Circulation changes. - 2 Energy budgets. - 3 Anthropogenic factors. - E Model s

Note: Contents: Preface / Helle V. Goldman, Bruce Forbes & Gary Kofinas. - Research planning in the face of change: the human role in reindeer/caribou systems / Gary Kofinas, Gail Osherenko, David Klein & Bruce Forbes. - Reindeer husbandry/hunting in Russia in the past, present and future / Leonid M. Baskin. - Chukotkan reindeer husbandry in the post-socialist transition / Patty A. Gray. - Nenets reindeer herders on the lower Yenisei River: traditional economy under current conditions are responses to economic change / Konstantin B. Klokov. - Reindeer pastoralism in modern Siberia: research and survival during the time of crash / Igor Krupnik. - Managing reindeer and wildlife on Alaska's Seward Peninsula / Jim Dau. - Response of reindeer and caribou to human activities / Scott A. Wolfe, Brad Griffith & Carrie A. Gray Wolfe. - High voltage transmission lines and their effect on reindeer: a research programme in progress / Eigil Reimers, Kjetil Flydal & Rune Stenseth. - Responses of West Greenland caribou to the approach of humans on foot / Peter Aastrup. - Arctic grazing systems and industrial development: can we minimize conflicts? / David R. Klein. - Regional effects of climate change on reindeer: a case study of the Muotkatunturi region in Finnish Lapland / Susan E. Lee, Malcolm C. Press, John A. Lee, Tim Ingold & Terhi Kurttila. - Reindeer in tundra ecosystems: the challenges of understanding system complexity / Feodor V. Kryazhimskii & Alexey N. Danilov. - Status, directions and priorities of reindeer husbandry research in Sweden / Öje Danell. - Need and opportunity for a North American caribou knowledge cooperative / Don Russell, Gary Kofinas & Brad Griffith. - Native reindeer herders' priorities for research / Johan Mathis Turi. - Letter from Varandei / Andrei V. Golovnev.

Note: CONTENTS: From the author. - Foreword (V. M. Kotlyakov, the academician of Russian Academy of Science). - Introduction. - 1. A legal status of research in Antarctic. - 2. The Russian (Soviet) Antarctic expeditions. - 3. The first stage of the Russian Antarctic research (1956-1965). - 3.1. General characteristic of the first stage. - 3.2. Types of observations and research at the first stage of Soviet Antarctic expedition (SAE). - 3.3. Main scientific results of the first stage of SAE operation. - 4. The second stage of the Russian Antarctic Research (1966-1973). - 4.1. General characteristic of the second stage of SAE operation. - 4.2. Types of observations and research at the second stage of SAE operation. - 4.3. Main scientific results of the second stage of SAE operation. - 5. The third stage of the Russian Antarctic Research (1974-1990). - 5.1. General characteristic of the third stage of SAE operation. - 5.2. Types of observations and research at the third stage of SAE operation. - 5.3. Main basic scientific results ofthe third stage of SAE operation. - 6. The fourth stage of the Russian Antarctic Research (1991-2005). - 6.1. General characteristic of the fourth stage of Russian Antarctic expedition (RAE) operation. - 6.2. Types of observations and research at the fourth stage of RAE operation. - 6.3. Main scientific results of the fourth stage of RAE operation. - Conclusion. - References. - Appendices (1-8): Appendix 1. Chronology of RAE (SAE) operation. - Appendix 2. Number of native publications on various disciplines. - Appendix 3. Members of the Russian Antarctic expeditions. - Appendix 4. Number of RAE (SAE) wintering stations. - Appendix 5. Number of vessels operated in RAE (SAE). - Appendix 6. Volume of the cargo delivered by RAE (SAE) vessels. - Appendix 7. Wintering RAE (SAE) members. - Appendix 8. Photo portraits of the Russian Antarctic researchers. , In kyrillischer Schrift , Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache

Note: Zugl.: Cambridge, Univ., Diss

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Lund, Lund University, 2002 , Contents Introduction Study areas Methods Results - summaries of papers Fieldwork and authorship contributions Paper I Paper II Paper III Paper IV Discussion Glaciations and landsystems Ice-sheet limits The nature of glacial cycles Conclusions Implications and ideas for the future Acknowledgements Svensk sammanfattning References Appendices I: Alexanderson, J.H. 2000: Landsat mapping of ice-marginal features on the Taymyr Peninsula, Siberia – image interpretation versus geological reality. Geological Quarterly 44(1) , 15-25. II: Alexanderson, H. , Hjort, C., Möller, P., Antonov, O. & Pavlov, M. 2001: The North Taymyr ice-marginal zone, Arctic Siberia – a preliminary overview and dating. Global and Planetary Change 31(1-4), 427-445. III: Alexanderson, H. , Adrielsson, L., Hjort, C., Möller, P., Antonov, O., Eriksson, S. & Pavlov, M. 2002: Depositional history of the North Taymyr ice-marginal zone, Siberia – a landsystem approach. Journal of Quaternary Science 17(4) , 361-382. IV: Adrielsson, L. & Alexanderson, H.: Two cycles of ice-sheet and coastal mountain glaciation in central East Greenland. Manuscript submitted to Boreas.

Note: Contents: 1:Information, Equilibrium, Efficiency Concepts ; 2:No-Trade Theorems, Asset Pricing, Bubbles ; 3:Market Microstructure Models ; 4:Dynamic Models, Technical Analysis and Volume ; 5:Herding and Informational Cascades ; 6:Crashes, Investigative Herding, Bank Runs

Note: Contents Overview Introduction 1 The Canadian Forest 2 Early Forest Use 3 Industrialization of the Forests 4 The Rise of Forest Conservation 5 Sustainable Forest Management Conclusion Sources Further Reading Index

Note: Contents Section I - Introduction Chapter 1 - Methods for Assessing Soil C Pools / J.M Kimble, R. Lal and R.F Follett Section II - Soil Sampling and Sample Preparation Chapter 2 - Methodology for Sampling and Preparation for Soil Carbon Determination / J.M Kimble, R.B. Grossman and S.E. Samson-Liebig Chapter 3 - Importance of Soil Bulk Density and Methods of Its Measurement / R. Lal and J.M Kimble Chapter 4 - The Effects of Terrain Position and Elevation on Soil C in the Southern Appalachians / P. V Bolstad and J.M Vose Chapter 5 - Approaching "Functional" Soil Organic Matter Pools through Particle-Size Fractionation: Examples for Tropical Soils / C. Feller, J. Balesdent, B. Nicolardot and C. Cerri Chapter 6 - Spatial Variability: Enhancing the Mean Estimate of Organic and Inorganic Carbon in a Sampling Unit / P. Wilding, L.R. Drees and L. C. Nordt Chapter 7 - Assessment of Soil Organic Carbon Using the U.S. Soil Survey / R.B. Grossman, D.S. Harms, D.F. Kingsbury, R.K Shaw and A.B. Jenkins Cbapter 8 - Organic Carbon Methods, Microbial Biomass, Root Biomass and Sampling Design under Development by NRCS / C.D. Franks, J.M Kimble, S.E. Samson-Liebig and TM Sobecki Section III - Assessment of Carbon Pools Chapter 9 - Characterization of Soil Organic Carbon Pools / HH Cheng and J.M Kimble Chapter 10 - Measuring and Comparing Soil Carbon Storage / B.H Ellert, HH Janzen andB. McConkey Chapter 11 - Estimating Total System C in Smallhold Farming Systems of the East African Highlands / P.L. Woomer, NK Karanja, and E.W. Murage Chapter 12 - Assessment and Significance of Labile Organic C Pools in Forest Soils / P.K Khanna, B. Ludwig, J. Bauhus and C. O'Hara Section IV - Assessment and Analytical Techniques Chapter 13 - Interlaboratory Carbon Isotope Measurements on Five Soils / R.F. Follett and E.G. Pruessner Chapter 14 - The Determination of Soil C Pool Sizes and Turnover Rates: Biophysical Fractionation and Tracers / E.A. Paul, SJ Morris and S. Bohm Chapter 15 - Ecozone and Soil Profile Screening for C-Residence Time, Rejuvenation, Bomb 14C Photosynthetic 613C Changes / H W. Scharpenseel, E.M Pfeiffer and P. Becker-Heidmann Chapter 16 - Use of 13C Isotopes to Determine Net Carbon Sequestration in Soil under Ambient and Elevated CO2 / W.R. Horwath, C: van Kessel, U Hartwig and D. Harris Chapter 17 - Methods Using Amino Sugars as Markers for Microbial Residues in Soil / W. Amelung Chapter 18 - Characterization of Soil Organic Matter / C.L. Ping, G.J. Michaelson, X Y Dai and R.J. Candler Chapter 19 - Fractionating Soil in Stable Aggregates Using a Rainfall Simulator / G.C. Starr, R. Lal and J.M Kimble Chapter 20 - Toward an Efficient Method for Measuring Total Organic Carbon Stocks in Forests / G.R. Smith Chapter 21 - Soil Organic Matter Evaluation / R.A. Rossell, J.C. Gasparoni and J.A. Galantini Chapter 22 - The Development of the KMnO4 Oxidation Technique to Determine Labile Carbon in Soil and Its Use in a Carbon Management Index / G. Blair, R. Lefray, A. Whitbread, N Blair and A. Conteh Chapter 23 - Effects of Soil Morphological and Physical Properties on Estimation of Carbon Storage in Arctic Soils / G.J. Michaelson, C.L. Ping and J.M Kimble Chapter 24 - Estimation of Particulate and Total Organic Matter by Weight Loss-on-Ignition / C.A. Camberdella, A.M Gajda, J. W. Doran, B.J. Wienhold and T.A. Kettler Chapter 25 - Use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Determine Inorganic and Organic Carbon Fractions in Soil and Litter / B. Ludwig and P.K Khanna Chapter 26 - Development of Rapid Instrumental Methods for Measuring Soil Organic Carbon / G. W. McCarty and J.B. Reeves III Chapter 27 - Soil Quality Evaluations of Alternative and Conventional Management Systems in the Great Plains / A.M Gajda, J. W. Doran, T.A. Kettler, B.J. Wienhold, J.L. Pikul, Jr. and C.A. Cambardella Section V - Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Chapter 28 - 137Cs for Measuring Soil Erosion and Redeposition: Application for Understanding Soil Carbon / J.C. Ritchie Chapter 29 - Assessing the Impact of Erosion on Soil Organic Car\:〉0n Pools and Fluxes / G. C. Starr, R. Lal, JM Kimble and L. Owens Chapter 30 - Assessing Water Erosion Impacts on Soil Carbon Pools and Fluxes / P.A. Jacinthe, R. Lal and JM Kimble Chapter 31 - Soil Organic Carbon Erosion Assessment by Cesium-137 / Y. Hao, R. Lal, L.B. Owens and RC. Izaurralde Section VI - Modeling and Scaling Procedures Chapter 32 - A Simple Model to Estimate Soil Carbon Dynamics at the BOREAS Northern Study Area, Manitoba, Canada / G. Rapalee Chapter 33 - Methods Used to .Create the North American Soil Organic Carbon Digital Database / R. Lacelle, S. Waltman, N Bliss and F. Orozco-Chavez Chapter 34 - Basic Principles for Soil Carbon Sequestration and Calculating Dynamic Country-Level Balances Including Future Scenarios / O. Andren and T Kiitterer Chapter 35 - Examining the Carbon Stocks of Boreal Forest Ecosystems at Stand and Regional Scales / JS. Bhatti, MJ Apps and lL Jiang Chapter 36 - Predicting Broadscale CStores of Woody Detritus from Plot Data / ME. Harmon, 0.N Krankina, M Yatskov and E. Matthews Chapter 37 - Soil C Dynamics: Measurement, Simulation and Site-to-Region Scale-Up / R.C. Izaurralde, Kll Haugen-Kozyra, D.C. Jans, WB. McGill, R.F. Grant and JC. Hiley . Chapter 38 - Some Factors Affecting the Distribution of Carbon in Soils of a Dry land Agricultural System in Southwestern Australia / R.J Harper and R.J. Gilkes Chapter 39 - A National Inventory of Changes in Soil Carbon from National Resources Inventory Data / MD. Eve, K. Paustian, R. Follett and E.T. Elliott Section VII - Economics and Policy Issues Chapter 40 - Assessing the Economics of Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture / L. Tweeten, B. Sohngen and J Hopkins Chapter 41 - Climate Change Policy and the Agricultural Sector / D. Zilberman and D. Sunding Chapter 42 - Approaches to Assessing Carbon Credits and Identifying Trading Mechanisms / A. Manale Section VIII - Synthesis Chapter 43 - Methodological Challenges: Toward Balancing Soil C Pools and Fluxes / R. Lal, JM Kimble and R.F. Follett Index

Note: Literaturverz. S. 265 - 280

Note: 1 Introduction Acknowledgments 2 Why we use Jupyter notebooks 2.1 Why do we use Jupyter? 2.2 But first, what is Jupyter Notebook? 2.3 Course benefits & anecdotes 2.4 Student benefits 2.5 Instructor benefits 2.6 Conclusions 3 Notebooks in teaching and learning 3.1 Oh the places your notebooks will go! 3.2 Before You Begin… 4 A catalogue of pedagogical patterns 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Shift-Enter for the win 4.3 Fill in the blanks 4.4 Target Practice 4.5 Twiddle, tweak, and frob 4.6 Notebook as an app 4.7 Win-day-one 4.8 Top-down sequence 4.9 Two bites at every apple 4.10 Coding as translation 4.11 Symbolic math over pencil + paper 4.12 Replace analysis with numerical methods 4.13 The API is the lesson 4.14 Proof by example, disproof by counterexample 4.15 The world is your dataset 4.16 Now you try (with different data or process) 4.17 Connect to external audiences 4.18 There can be only one 4.19 Hello, world! 4.20 Test driven development 4.21 Code reviews 4.22 Bug hunt 4.23 Adversarial programming 5 Jupyter Notebook ecosystem 5.1 Language support: kernels 5.2 Using Jupyter notebooks 5.3 Authoring Jupyter notebooks 5.4 Tips and tricks 5.5 Gotchas 6 Getting your class going with Jupyter 6.1 Local installation on students’ or lab computers 6.2 Jupyter on remote servers 6.3 Distribution and collection of materials 6.4 Assessing student learning with Jupyter notebooks 6.5 How do you create Jupyter notebooks for reuse and sharing? 6.6 Jupyter: a 21st Century genre of Open Educational Resources and practices 7 Usage case studies 7.1 Jupyter notebooks in support of scaling for large enrollments 7.2 The “CFD Python” story: guiding learners at their own pace 7.3 Analyzing music with music21 7.4 Interactivity in computer science (high school and middle school) 7.5 Interactive geophysics with Jupyter 7.6 Investigating hurricanes 8 About the authors 8.1 Project lead 8.2 Authors at the sprint 9 Glossary References