ALBERT

Note: Foreword; Acknowledgements; Table of contents; Reader's guide; Definition of OECD indicators of agricultural support; Nominal indicators used in this report; Ratio indicators and percentage indicators; Box 1. Definitions of categories in the PSE classification; Decomposition indicators; Definition of GSSE categories; Sources and definitions of contextual indicators; Table X.1. Contextual indicators; Box 2. Definitions of categories in the GSSE classification; Figure X.2. Main macroeconomic indicators; Figure X.3. Agro-food trade; OECD indicators of support; Currencies. , List of acronyms and abbreviationsExecutive summary; Recommendations; Chapter 1. Developments in agricultural policy and support; Key economic and market developments; Table 1.1. Key economic indicators; Figure 1.1. Commodity world price indices, 2007 to 2014; Main features of agricultural policies; Box 1.1. Agriculture and COP21; Box 1.2. Developments post the 2013 Bali WTO Ministerial; Developments in agricultural support; Countries' importance in global agriculture has changed since the mid-1990s - and so has their role in supporting agriculture. , Figure 1.2. Country shares in total agricultural GDP and in total TSE, 1995-97 and 2012-14Total monetary transfers to the agricultural sector were stable in some countries, but increased significantly in others; Figure 1.3. Evolution of Total Support Estimate, 1995-97 to 2012-14; However the relative cost of agricultural support for the economies has decreased significantly over time in most of the countries; Figure 1.4. Total Support Estimate by country, 1995-97 and 2012-14. , The total agricultural support is dominated by support to agricultural producers, while expenditures on key general services to the sector are relatively smallFigure 1.5. Composition of Total Support Estimate by country, 2012-14; Average support to agricultural producers in OECD countries and emerging economies is converging; Figure 1.6. Evolution of Producer Support Estimate, 1995 to 2014; However short- and long-term changes across individual countries remain very uneven; Figure 1.7. Producer Support Estimate by country, 2013 and 2014. , Box 1.3. What drove changes in the monetary value of producer support in 2014?Figure 1.8. Contribution of various factors to the change in the Producer Support Estimate in 2014; Box 1.3. What drove changes in the monetary value of producer support in 2014? (cont.); Figure 1.9. Evolution of producer support at different stages of economic development, 1986 to 2013; Figure 1.10. Producer Support Estimate by country, 1995-97 and 2012-14; Differences in policy approaches are also reflected in policy instruments; Figure 1.11. Composition of Producer Support Estimate by country, 2012-14. , Figure 1.12. Composition of payments based on area, animal numbers, receipts and income by country, 1995-97 and 2012-14.

Note: Contents: PART I METHODOLOGY AND DATA ON LEVELISED COSTS FOR GENERATING TECHNOLOGIES ; Chapter 1 Introduction and context ; Chapter 2 Methodology, conventions and key assumptions ; Chapter 3 Technology overview ; Chapter 4 Country overview ; Chapter 5 History of Projected Costs of Generating Electricity, 1981-2015 ; PART II STATISTICAL AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS ; Chapter 6 Statistical analysis of key technologies ; Chapter 7 Sensitivity analysis ; PART III BOUNDARY ISSUES ; Chapter 8 Financing issues ; Chapter 9 Emerging generating technologies ; Chapter 10 The system cost and system value of electricity generation ; Chapter 11 Looking beyond baseload: The future of the Projected Costs of Generating Electricity series ; ANNEXES ; Annex 1 The EGC spreadsheet model for calculating LCOE ; Annex 2 List of abbreviations and acronyms

Note: 1. Geomaterials and crustal geomechanics -- 2. Elements of rheology -- 3. Forces and stresses -- 4. Elements of kinematics -- 5. Elements of linear elasticity -- 6. From continuum mechanics to fluid mechanics -- 7. Elements of linear fracture mechanics -- 8. Laboratory investigations on geomaterials under compression -- 9. Homogenized geomaterials -- 10. Fractures and faults -- 11. Elements of seismology -- 12. Elements of solid-fluid interactions -- 13. Methods for stress fields evaluation from in situ observations -- 14. Elements of stress fields and crustal rheology -- References -- Appendix A. Elements of tensors in rectangular coordinates -- Index..

Note: Foreword; Prologue; Acknowledgements; Contents; Chapter 1: Early Earth Systems; 1.1 Archaean and Proterozoic Atmospheres; 1.2 Early Biospheres; 1.3 Greenhouse States and Glaciations; Chapter 2: Phanerozoic Life and Mass Extinctions of Species; 2.1 Acraman Impact and Acritarchs Radiation; 2.2 Cambrian and Late Ordovician Mass Extinction; 2.3 Late and End-Devonian Mass Extinctions; 2.4 Late Permian and Permian-Triassic Mass Extinctions; 2.5 End-Triassic Mass Extinction; 2.6 Jurassic-Cretaceous Extinction; 2.7 K-T (Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary) Mass Extinction; 2.8 Paleocene-Eocene Extinction. , 2.9 The End-Eocene FreezeChapter 3: Cenozoic Biological Evolution (by Colin Groves); 3.1 The Evolution of Mammals; 3.2 From Primates to Humans; 3.3 From Genetic Evolution to Cultural Evolution; Chapter 4: Fire and the Biosphere; 4.1 An Incendiary Biosphere; 4.2 The Deep-Time History of Fire; 4.3 Fire and Pre-historic Human Evolution; 4.4 Neolithic Burning and Early Civilizations; Chapter 5: The Anthropocene; 5.1 The Modern Atmosphere; 5.2 Neolithic Burning and Early Global Warming; 5.3 The Great Carbon Oxidation Event; 5.4 The Sixth Mass Extinction of Species; 5.5 The Faustian Bargain. , 5.6 The Post-anthropocene WorldChapter 6: Rare Earth; Chapter 7: Prometheus: An Epilogue; References; About the Book and the Authors; Index.

Note: Exploring the politics of inclusive development : towards a new conceptual approach / Sam Hickey, Kunal Sen, and Badru BukenyaThe political determinants of economic growth : an analytical review / Kunal Sen -- The politics of what works for the poor in public expenditure and taxation / Paul Mosley -- Governing natural resources for inclusive development / Anthony Bebbington -- The politics of what works in service delivery / Claire Mcloughlin -- Political factors in the growth of social assistance / Armando Barrientos and Sony Pellissery -- The politics and process of rule of law systems in developmental states / Deval Desai and Michael Woolcock -- The gendered politics of securing inclusive development / Sohela Nazneen and Simeen Mahmud -- Ethnicity, state capacity, and development : reconsidering causal connections / Prerna Singh and Matthias vom Hau -- The politics of aid revisited : a review of evidence on state capacity and elite commitment / Arjan de Haan and Ward Warmerdam -- China in Africa : impacts and prospects for accountable development / Giles Mohan..

Note: On the Role of Financial Markets and Institutions -- The Challenges of Asset Pricing: A Road Map -- Making Choices in Risky Situations -- Measuring Risk and Risk Aversion -- Risk Aversion and Investment Decisions, Part 1 -- Risk Aversion and Investment Decisions, Part II: Modern Portfolio Theory -- Risk Aversion and Investment Decisions, Part III: Challenges to Implementation -- The Capital Asset Pricing Model -- Arrow{u2013}Debreu Pricing, Part I -- The Consumption Capital Asset Pricing Model -- Arrow{u2013}Debreu Pricing, Part II -- The Martingale Measure: Part I -- The Martingale Measure: Part II -- The Arbitrage Pricing Theory -- Portfolio Management in the Long Run -- Financial Structure and Firm Valuation in Incomplete Markets -- Financial Equilibrium with Differential Information.

Note: Contents: Front matter -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables -- Foreword -- Preface -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Growth and distribution: the last 300 years -- 3. Growth and distribution: the Kaleckian perspective -- 4. An integration of the real and the monetary economy -- 5. Financial flows, distribution and capital controls -- 6. Epilogue: challenges and possibilities -- References -- Name index -- Subject Index

Note: Contents: Preface ; PART I HISTORICAL AND CRITICAL SURVEY ; 1. Objectives and scope of the book ; 2. Representing games ; 3. A brief interpretive history of game theory ; 4. Nash equilibrium and public policy ; 5. Correlated equilibrium ; 6. Noncooperative games in extensive form and public policy ; 7. Social mechanism design ; 8. Superadditive games in coalition function form ; 9. Recall, rationality and political economy ; PART II MIXED COOPERATIVE AND NONCOOPERATIVE DECISIONS: EXTENSIONS ; 10. Biform games and considerable solutions ; 11. The firm as a coalition ; 12. What coalitions will be formed? ; 13. Monopoly and monopsony revisited ; 14. Bargaining and the determination of wages ; 15. Bargaining power and majority rule ; References ; Index

Note: Contents: Preface ; 1. The Backdrop to EU Cohesion Policy Debates: Europe 2020 and the Post-Crisis Economy ; 2. The Regional and Urban Economies of the European Union ; 3. The Logic and Workings of EU Cohesion Policy ; 4. A Reformed EU Cohesion Policy ; 5. Innovation, Regions and the Case for Regional Innovation Policies ; 6. Smart Specialisation and European Regions ; 7. Conclusions on the Reforms to the Regional and Urban Policy in the European Union Bibliography ; Index

Note: SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION TO THE USE OF REMOTE SENSING FOR WETLAND MAPPING: Wetlands: An Overview / Ralph W. Tiner --- Classification of Wetland Types for Mapping and Large-Scale Inventories / Ralph W. Tiner --- Introduction to Wetland Mapping and Its Challenges / Ralph W. Tiner --- Early Applications of Remote Sensing for Mapping Wetlands / Ralph W. Tiner --- Advances in Remotely Sensed Data and Techniques for Wetland Mapping and Monitoring / Megan W. Lang, Laura L. Bourgeau-Chavez, Ralph W. Tiner, and Victor V. Klemas --- SECTION 2 - SUMMARIES OF REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR MAPPING WETLANDS: Mapping and Monitoring Surface Water and Wetlands with Synthetic Aperture Radar / Brian Brisco --- Wetland InSAR: A Review of the Technique and Applications / Shimon Wdowinski and Sang-Hoon Hong --- Radar and Optical Image Fusion and Mapping of Wetland Resources / Elijah Ramsey III and Amina Rangoonwala --- Theory and Applications of Object-Based Image Analysis and Emerging Methods in Wetland Mapping / Joseph F. Knight, Jennifer M. Corcoran, Lian P. Rampi, and Keith C. Pelletier --- Unmanned Aerial Systems and Structure from Motion Revolutionize Wetlands Mapping / Marguerite Madden, Thomas Jordan, Sergio Bernardes, David L. Cotten, Nancy O’Hare, and Alessandro Pasqua --- SECTION 3 - APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING FOR MAPPING SPECIFIC WETLAND HABITATS: Remote Sensing of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation and Coral Reefs / Sam Purkis and Chris Roelfsema --- Remote Sensing of Mangroves / Victor V. Klemas --- Tidal Marsh Classification Approaches and Future Marsh Migration Mapping Methods for Long Island Sound, Connecticut and New York / Mark Hoover and Adam Walton Whelchel --- Using Moderate-Resolution Satellite Sensors for Monitoring the Biophysical Parameters and Phenology of Tidal Marshes / Deepak R. Mishra and Shuvankar Ghosh --- Great Lakes Coastal Wetland Mapping / Laura L. Bourgeau-Chavez, Zachary M. Laubach, Anthony J. Landon, Elizabeth C. Banda, Michael J. Battaglia, Sarah L. Endres, Mary Ellen Miller, Robb D. Macleod, and Colin N. Brooks --- Mapping Wetlands and Surface Water in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America / Jennifer Rover and David M. Mushet --- Mapping the State and Dynamics of Boreal Wetlands Using Synthetic Aperture Radar / Daniel Clewley, Jane Whitcomb, Mahta Moghaddam, and Kyle McDonald --- Fusion of Multispectral Imagery and LiDAR Digital Terrain Derivatives for Ecosystem Mapping and Morphological Characterization of a Northern Peatland Complex / Antonio Difebo, Murray Richardson, and Jonathan Price --- Airborne LiDAR-Based Wetland and Permafrost-Feature Mapping on an Arctic Coastal Plain, North Slope, Alaska / Jeffrey G. Paine, John R. Andrews, Kutalmis Saylam, and Thomas A. Tremblay --- Hybrid Mapping of Pantropical Wetlands from Optical Satellite Images, Hydrology, and Geomorphology / Thomas Gumbricht --- Capturing the Dynamics of Amazonian Wetlands Using Synthetic Aperture Radar: Lessons Learned and Future Directions / Thiago Sanna Freire Silva, John Melack, Annia Susin Streher, Jefferson Ferreira-Ferreira, and Luiz Felipe de Almeida Furtado --- Mapping China’s Wetlands and Recent Changes with Remotely Sensed Data / Zhenguo Niu --- Mapping Invasive Wetland Plants / Carol A. Johnston --- Multisatellite Remote Sensing of Global Wetland Extent and Dynamics / Catherine Prigent and Fabrice Papa --- SECTION 4 - PROMISING DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES: Promising Developments and Future Challenges for Remote Sensing of Wetlands / Megan W. Lang, Sam Purkis, Victor V. Klemas, and Ralph W. Tiner

Note: Contents: List of figures. - List of tables. - Foreword by Clive Hamilton. - Acknowledgements. - 1. Climate change and corporate capitalism. - 2. Creative self-destruction and the incorporation of critique. - 3. Climate change and the corporate construction of risk. - 4. Corporate political activity and climate coalitions. - 5. Justification, compromise, and corruption. - 6. Climate change, managerial identity and narrating the self. - 7. Emotions, corporate environmentalism and climate change. - 8. Political myths and pathways forward. - 9. Imagining alternatives. - Appendix. - References. - Index.

Note: Contents: Introduction - The Power over Life and Death ; Part 1 - Robopocalypse now ; 1 The coming swarm - The military robotics revolution ; 2 The Terminator and the Roomba - What is autonomy? ; 3 Machines that kill - What is an autonomous weapon? ; Part 2 - Building the Terminator ; 4 The future being built today - Autonomous missiles, drones, and robot swarms ; 5 Inside the puzzle palace - Is the Pentagon building autonomous weapons? ; 6 Crossing the threshold - Approving autonomous weapons ; 7 World War R - Robotic weapons around the world ; 8 Garage bots - DIY killer robotics ; Part 3 - Runaway gun ; 9 Robots run amok - Failure in autonomous systems ; 10 Command and decision - Can autonomous weapons be used safely? ; 11 Black box - The weird, alien world of deep natural networks ; 12 Failing deadly - The risk of autonomous weapons ; Part 4 - Flash war ; 13 Bot vs Bot - An arms race in speed ; 14 The invisible war - autonomy in Cyberspace ; 15 "Summoning the demon" - The rise of intelligent machines ; Part 5 - The fight to ban autonomous weapons ; 16 Robots on trial - Autonomous weapons and the laws of war ; 17 Soulless killers - The morality of autonomous weapons ; 18 Playing with fire - Autonomous weapons and stability ; Part 6 - Averting Armageddon: the weapon of policy ; 19 Centaur warfighters - Humans + machines ; 20 The Pope and the crossbow - The mixed history of arms control ; 21 Are autonomous weapons inevitable? - The search for lethal laws of robotics ; Conclusion - No ffate but what we make

Note: Trading a livable worldPower shift -- Beyond the north-south divide? -- Manufacturing consent -- The politics of adaptation -- The staying power of big fossil -- Society too civil? -- Contesting climate injustice -- Power in a future world -- Linking movements for justice..

Note: Contents: Intro; Contents; Foreword to Water Is; Introduction: Three Seths on Water; 1 Water is Chemistry and Physics ; 2 Water is Biology ; 3 Water is Nature ; 4 Water is Society ; 5 Water is Government ; 6 Water is Innovation ; 7 Water is Culture ; 8 Water is Future

Note: PrefaceAcknowledgments -- Introduction the political economy of currency choice -- A theory of currency policy preferences -- The United States : from greenbacks to gold, 1862-79 -- The United States : silver threats among the gold, 1880-96 -- European monetary integration : from bretton woods to the euro and beyond -- Latin American currency policy, 1970-2010 -- The political economy of Latin American currency crises -- The politics of exchange rates : implications and extensions -- Conclusions -- References -- Index..

Note: Contents: Part I: Supply Chain Risk Management -- Chapter 1: Supply Chain Risk Management: A Comprehensive Review -- Chapter 1: Supply Chain Risk Management: A Comprehensive Review -- Chapter 3: Modeling Risk Emergence and Propagation in Buyer-Supplier-Customer Relationships -- Chapter 4: Managing Reputational Risks in Supply Chains -- Chapter 5: Managing IT and Cyber Risks in Supply Chains -- Chapter 6: Developing Supply Chain Risk Mitigation Strategies -- Part II: Supply Chain Vulnerability and Disruptions Management -- Chapter7: Analyzing Supply Chain Vulnerability through Simulation -- Chapter 8: Supply Chain Disruptions Preparedness Measures Using a Dynamic Model -- Chapter 9: A Quantitative Model for Analyzing Market Response during Supply Chain Disruptions -- Chapter 10: Supply Chain Risk Management in the Transmission and Amplification of Disruptions -- Chapter 11: Strategic Sourcing Under Supply Disruption Risk -- Chapter 12: Design and Evaluation of Global Supply Chain Considering Disruption Risk -- Part III: Toward a Resilient Supply Chain -- Chapter 13: Supply Chain Resiliency: A Review -- Chapter 14: The Role of Resiliency in Managing Supply Chains Disruptions -- Chapter 15: Designing Resilience into Service Supply Chains: A Conceptual Methodology -- Chapter 16: Resiliency in Supply Chain Systems: A Triadic Framework using Family Resilience Model -- Chapter 17: Cultivating Supply Chain Agility: Managerial Actions Derived From Established Antecedents -- Chapter 18: Assessing Supply Chain Resilience upon Critical Infrastructure Disruptions: A Multilevel Simulation Modelling Approach

Note: Contents: 1. Global politics and the environment ; Part I. Why Do Environmental Problems Occur?: 2. The tragedy of the commons ; 3. Population and poverty ; 4. Capitalism ; Part II. Responding to Global Environmental Problems: 5. Conflict and securitisation - water ; 6. Multilateral diplomacy - sustainable development ; 7. Transnational governance experiments - climate change ; 8. Aid and finance - deforestation ; 9. Individualising responsibility - unsustainable consumption ; 10. Problem displacement - hazardous substances ; 11. Resistance and localisation - unsustainable agriculture ; 12. Appraising global environmental governance

Note: Contents Volume 1 Part I Natural Science Basics 1 Introduction into Physical Oceanography / Rebecca Hummels 2 Ecological Organization of the Sea / Birte Matthiessen, Franziska Julie Werner, and Matthias Paulsen 3 Marine Ecosystem Services / Markus Salomon and Henriette Dahms Part II Impacts of Sectoral Marine Activities 4 Impact of Fishing Activities on Marine Life / Gerd Kraus and Rabea Diekmann 5 Mariculture / Thomas A. Wilding, Kenneth D. Black, Steven Benjamins, and Iona Campbell 6 Shipping / Alan Simcock 7 Impacts of Coastal Developments on Ecosystems / Christian Winter 8 Offshore Oil and Gas Production and Transportation / Stanislav Patin 9 Exploitation of Offshore Wind Energy / Jens Lüdeke 10 Dredging for Navigation, for Environmental Cleanup, and for Sand/Aggregates / Craig Vogt, Eugene Peck, and Gregory Hartman 11 Environmental Risks of Deep-sea Mining / Philip P. E. Weaver, David S. M. Billett, and Cindy L. Van Dover 12 Dumped Chemical Weapons / Jacek Bełdowski 13 Marine Climate Engineering / David P. Keller Part III Impacts of Land-Based Activities 14 Agriculture / Oene Oenema, Qian Liu, and Jingmeng Wang 15 Land-Based Industries / Elisabeth Schmid 16 Land-Based Wastewater Management / Stephan Koester 17 Tourism / Alan Simcock Part IV Pollution from Diffuse Sources 18 Climate Change: Warming Impacts on Marine Biodiversity / Helmut Hillebrand, Thomas Brey, Julian Gutt, Wilhelm Hagen, Katja Metfies, Bettina Meyer, and Aleksandra Lewandowska 19 Ocean Acidification / Peter Thor and Sam Dupont 20 Pollution with Hazardous Substances / Katja Broeg and Norbert Theobald 21 Pollution with Radioactive Substances / Hartmut Nies 22 Eutrophication / Justus E. E. van Beusekom 23 Marine Litter / Stefanie Werner and Aleke Stöfen O’Brien 24 Input of Energy/Underwater Sound / Olaf Boebel, Elke Burkhardt, and Ilse van Opzeeland 25 Introduction of Non-indigenous Species / Ralph Kuhlenkamp and Britta Kind Volume 2 Part V Social Drivers, Developments, and Perspectives of Increasing Ocean Uses 26 A Short History of the Use of Seas and Oceans / Sunhild Kleingärtner 27 Factors Behind Increasing Ocean Use: The IPAT Equation and the Marine Environment / Troels J. Hegland Part VI General Aspects of Management and Governance of Human Activities 28 Challenges and Foundations of Sustainable Ocean Governance / Till Markus 29 Institutional Framework for Marine Environmental Governance / Pradeep Singh 30 International Principles of Marine Environmental Protection / Gerd Winter 31 Overview of Management Strategies and Instruments / Carolin Kieß 32 Future Prospects of Marine Environmental Governance / Pradeep Singh and Aline Jaeckel Part VII Traditional Marine Management Topics 33 The International Legal Framework for Conservation and Management of Fisheries and Marine Mammals / Andrew Serdy 34 Aqua- and Mariculture Management: A Holistic Perspective on Best Practices / Marc H. Taylor and Lotta C. Kluger 35 Offshore Oil and Gas Exploitation / Henning Jessen 36 Sustainable Shipping / Ciarán McCarthy and Bénédicte Sage-Fuller 37 Management of Hazardous Substances in the Marine Environment / Mikael Karlsson and Michael Gilek 38 Origin and Management of Radioactive Substances in the Marine Environment / Hartmut Nies 39 Waste/Litter and Sewage Management / Aleke Stöfen-O’Brien and Stefanie Werner 40 Coastal and Ocean Tourism / Stefan Gössling, C. Michael Hall, and Daniel Scott Part VIII Emerging Management Topics 41 The Greening of Ports / Bénédicte Sage-Fuller 42 Offshore Windfarms / Greg Severinsen 43 Wave and Tidal Energy / Kate Johnson and Sandy Kerr 44 Deep-Seabed Mining / Philomene Verlaan 45 Marine Biodiversity: Opportunities for Global Governance and Management Coherence / Daniela Diz 46 Marine Protected Areas: Global Framework, Regional MPA Networks and a National Example / Henning von Nordheim 47 Marine Environmental Protection and Climate Change / Birgit Peters 48 Management of Non-indigenous Species and Invasive Alien Species / Wolfgang Köck and Bjørn-Oliver Magsig 49 Integrating Sectoral Ocean Policies / Markus Salomon and Miriam Dross 50 Marine Scientific Research / Anna-Maria Hubert 51 An Emerging Environmental Issue: Marine Discharge of Mine Tailings / Craig Vogt and Jens Skei 52 Managing and Regulating Underwater Noise Pollution / Till Markus and Pedro Pablo Silva Sánchez 53 Marine Geo-Engineering / Harald Ginzky 54 Marine Spatial Planning / Mathias Schubert

Note: Contents: 1 Our Approach ; 2 The Evolution and Governance Architecture of the United Nations Climate Change Regime ; 3 International Relations Theories and Climate Change Politics ; 4 Cooperation on Climate Change: Insights from Game Theory ; 5 Computational Models, Global Climate Change, and Policy ; 6 Environmental Protection, Differentiated Responsibility, and World Trade: Making Room for Climate Action ; 7 Major Countries ; 8 Nonstate Actors in International Policy Making: The Kyoto Protocol and Beyond ; 9 Business ; 10 Equity and Development: Developing Countries in the International Climate Negotiations ; 11 Implementation, Compliance, and Effectiveness of Policies and Institutions ; 12 Our Conclusions

Note: Contents: Part I. Getting Started: 1. What is 'Markets and Strategies'? ; 2. Firms, consumers and the market ; Part II. Market Power: 3. Static imperfect competition ; 4. Dynamic aspects of imperfect competition ; Part III. Sources of Market Power: 5. Product differentiation ; 6. Advertising and related market strategies ; 7. Consumer inertia ; Part IV. Pricing Strategies and Market Segmentation: 8. Group pricing and personalized pricing ; 9. Menu pricing ; 10. Intertemporal price discrimination ; 11. Bundling ; Part V. Product Quality and Information: 12. Asymmetric information, price and advertising signals ; 13. Marketing tools for experience goods ; Part VI. Theory of Competition Policy: 14. Cartels and tacit collusion ; 15. Horizontal mergers ; 16. Strategic incumbents and entry ; 17. Vertically related markets ; Part VII. R&D and Intellectual Property: 18. Innovation and R&D ; 19. Intellectual property ; Part VIII. Networks, Standards and Systems: 20. Markets with network goods ; 21. Strategies for network goods ; Part IX. Market Intermediation: 22. Markets with intermediated goods ; 23. Information and reputation in intermediated product markets ; Appendix A. Game theory ; Appendix B. Competition policy

Note: Contents: Introduction to Volume 1 ; 1. Social trends and new geographies ; 2. Social progress: a compass ; 3. Economic inequality and social progress ; 4. Economic growth, human development and welfare ; 5. Cities and social progress ; 6. Markets, finance, and corporations: does capitalism have a future? ; 7. The future of work – good jobs for all ; 8. Social justice, well-being, and economic organization

Note: Contents: Introduction to Volume 2 ; 9. The paradoxes of democracy and the rule of law ; 10. Violence, wars, peace, security ; 11. International organizations and the technologies of governance ; 12. Governing capital, labor and nature in a changing world ; 13. Media and communications ; 14. Challenges of inequality to democracy

Note: Contents: Introduction: The Future is in Our Hands ; PART I SOURCES OF WORRY, REASONS FOR HOPE ; 1 Global Successes and Looming Catastrophes ; 2 Globalization and Technology: Choices and Contingencies ; 3 The Expanding Circle of Respect and Dignity ; 4 The Big Challenge ; PART II ACTING FOR SOCIAL PROGRESS ; 5 In Search of a New “Third Way” , 6 Reforming Capitalism , 7 From the Welfare State to the Emancipating State , 8 From Polaritics to Politics , Conclusion: Mobilizing Change- Makers

Note: Contents: Introduction to Volume 3 ; 15. Social progress and cultural change ; 16. Religions and social progress: critical assessments and creative partnerships ; 17. Pluralization of families ; 18. Global health and the changing contours of human life ; 19. The contribution of education to social progress ; 20. Belonging ; 21. The Multiple directions of social progress: ways forward ; 22. The contribution of the social sciences to policy and institutional change

Note: Inhalt: Einführung und Hintergrund der terrestrischen Expeditionen in Sibirien / Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Volker Rachold, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer. - 1. Auf dem Weg zu den Lena-Expeditionen 1993-1997. - Seesedimente auf Taimyr und Sewernaja Semlja als Klima-Archiv / Pier Paul Overduin, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Martin Melles. - Erste Studien zu Energie-, Wasser- und Spurengasflüssen in Tundraböden: Labas-See und Lewinson-Lessing-See, Taimyr-Halbinsel / Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Julia Boike, Mikhail P. Zhurbenko, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov. - Untersuchungen von Permafrost-Sequenzen in der Taimyr-Tiefebene (1994-1996) / Christine Siegert, Alexander Yu. Dereviagin. - Kohlenstoff in den arktischen Wüstenböden von Sewernaja Semlja / Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Mikhail P. Zhurbenko, Dimitry Yu. Bolshiyanov. - Hydrologie, Geochemie und Sedimenttransport in den Flüssen Sibiriens - Das SYSTEM LAPTEV SEA Projekt 1994-1997 / Volker Rachold. - 2. Der Beginn der Lena-Expeditionen 1998-2002. - lnitiierung des Forschungsprojekts Lenadelta: Wissenschaftliche Strategie, Kooperation und Logistik / Volker Rachold, Martin Antonow, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer. - Die ersten Jahre der boden- und klimabezogenen Permafrostforschung auf Samoilow und Umgebung (Untersuchungen 1998-2001) / Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Julia Boike, Günter Stoof, Lars Kutzbach, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, lrina A. Yakshina, Anno N. Kurchatova, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov. - Bykowski-Halbinsel: Die erste Landexpedition mit Fokus auf das Paläoklima / Lutz Schirrmeister, Guido Grosse, Viktor V. Kunitsky, Christine Siegert, Hanno Meyer. - Schiffsexpeditionen von 1998 bis 2002 zur Untersuchung von Erosion und Geomorphologie der Küste mit Dunai, Neptun, Sofron Danilov und Pavel Bashmakov / Volker Rachold, Waldemar Schneider, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Hans-Wolfgong Hubberten, Felix E. Are, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov. - Untersuchung von Seen auf Arga: Geschichte und Entstehung des Lenadeltas / Georg Schwamborn, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Volker Rachold, Vladimir E. Tumskoy, Lutz Schirrmeister, Guido Grosse. - Mikrobieller Kohlenstoffumsatz in der Auftauschicht und im Permafrost / Susanne Liebner, Christian Knoblauch, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Svetlana Yu. Evgrafova, Dirk Wagner. - Feldarbeit für die Rekonstruktion der Paläoumwelt / Lutz Schirrmeister, Tatyana V. Kuznetsova, Andrei A. Andreev, Frank Kienast, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov. - 3. Prozessstudien zur Permafrostdynamik 2002-2005. - Submarine Permafrostbohrungen während der COAST 2005 Expedition / Volker Rachold, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Waldemar Schneider. - Die frühe Forschungsstation Insel Samoilow und ihre Erweiterung 2005 / Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Julia Boike, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Günter Stoof, Alexander Yu. Gukav. - Installation des Samoilow Observatoriums - wissenschaftliches Monitoring von Klimadaten, Permafrostböden und Treibhausgasen (Untersuchungen 2002-2006) / Lars Kutzbach, Christian Wille, Torsten Sachs, David Holl, Günter Stoof Julia Boike, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer. - Mikrobieller Stickstoffumsatz in der Auftauschicht und den tieferen Permafrostsedimenten des Lenadeltas / Claudia Fiencke, Tina Sanders, Fabian Beermann, Elena E. Lebedeva, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer. - Geokryologische und paläoökologische Studien an den Küsten der Laptewsee / Lutz Schirrmeister, Christine Siegert, Guido Grosse, Hanno Meyer, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Viktor V. Kunitsky. - Langzeitbeobachtungen der pelagischen Fauna in Seen und Tümpeln des Lenadeltas / Ekaterina N. Abramova, lrina I. Vishnyakova, Grigory A. Soloviev, Anna A. Abramova. - 4. Umsetzung neuer Forschungsthemen 2007-2012. - Die Dynamik der arktischen Küsten / Frank Günther, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, P. Paul Overduin, Hugues Lantuit, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten. - Feldarbeit und Erstellung numerischer Modelle von submarinem Permafrost und Gashydraten / Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Pier Paul Overduin, Sebastian Wetterich, Mikhail N. Grigoriev. - Permafrostdegradation, Thermokarst und Thermoerosion - Feldforschung auf der Insel Kurungnach / Anne Morgenstern, lrina V Fedorova, Antonina A. Chetverova, Frank Günther, Mathias Ulrich, Fabian Beermann, Sebastian Zubrzycki, Sofia A. Antonova, Samuel Stettner, Julia Boike. - Mit Kettensäge zum Klimamodell - Eiskeile als Winterklima-Archive / Hanno Meyer, Thomas Opel, Alexander Yu. Dereviagin. - Veränderungen nordsibirischer Seen und Baumgrenzen in der Vergangenheit und Gegenwart als Reaktion auf Erwärmung / Ulrike Herzschuh, Luidmila A. Pestryakova, Laura S. Epp, Larisa A. Frolova, Ruslan M. Gorodnichev, Birgit Heim, Florion Jeltsch, Juliane Klemm, Stefan Kruse, Larisa B. Nazarova, Bastian Niemeyer, Anatolii N. Nikolaev, Kathleen R. Stoof-Leichsenring, Ralph Tiedemann, Mareike Wieczoreck, Evgenij S. Zakharov, Heike H. Zimmermann. - Kohlenstoff in Permafrost - Quantifizierung der Menge an organischem Material in Sibirien / Jens Strauss, Lutz Schirrmeister, Sebastian Zubrzycki, Alexander L. Kholodov, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Viktor V. Kunitsky, Matthias Fuchs, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Guido Grosse. - Expeditionen mit Gummibooten und kleinen Flussbooten - Hydrologie und Geomorphologie des Lenadeltas / Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, lrina V Fedorova, Julia Boike. - Mobilisierung und Ablagerung von Kohlenstoff im Lena-Flusssystem / Gesine Mollenhauer, Maria Winterfeld, Boris P. Koch, lrina V. Fedorova. - Holozäne Seen rund um das Lenadelta / Bernhard Diekmann, Boris Biskaborn, Luidmila A. Pestryakova, Dmitry A. Subetto, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Ulrike Herzschuh, Georg Schwamborn, Volker Rachold. - Logistisch komplexe Einsätze - Beobachtungen von Energie und Treibhausgasflüssen aus der Luft mittels Helipod / Torsten Sachs, Eric Larmanau, Katrin Kohnert, Andrei Serafimavich. - Lena Expeditionen: Einbindung neuer deutscher Forschungsgruppen / Birgit Heim, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Pier Paul Overduin, lrina V. Fedorova. - Ein Jahrzehnt der Küstenforschung im Lenadelta / lngeborg Bussmann, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, lrina V Fedorova, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Alexander Yu. Gukov, Gerhard Kattner, Alexandra Kraberg, Denis V. Moiseev, Pier Paul Overduin, Lasse Sander, Karen H. Wiltshire. - 5. Neue Horizonte für Lena-Expeditionen - Die neue Forschungsstation Insel Samoilow. - Ministerpräsident W. W. Putin besucht die Insel Samoilow (P-Day) / Hanno Meyer, Thomas Opel, Alexander Yu. Dereviagin, Svetlana Yu. Evgrafava, Waldemar Schneider, Alexander S. Makarov, Mikhail N. Grigoriev. - Die neue Forschungsstation Insel Samoilow: Bau, Eröffnungsfeier, Anlage und Betrieb / Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Igor N. Yeltsov, Anne Morgenstern. - Samoilow in internationalen Programmen und Netzwerken - FLUXNET, GTN-P, INTERACT / Anne Morgenstern, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Julia Boike, Lars Kutzbach. - Kurzer Überblick über die russisch-deutschen Permafrost-Projekte CARBOPERM und KoPf / Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Sebastian Zubrzycki, Ulrike Herzschuh, Guido Grosse. - Einsatz von Fernerkundung im Gebiet der Laptewsee / Guido Grosse, Birgit Heim, Sofia Antonova, Julia Boike, Astrid Bracher, Alexey N. Fague, Frank Günther, Thomas Krumpen, Moritz Langer, Anne Morgenstern, Sina Muster, lngmar Nitze, Torsten Sachs. - Multidisziplinäre Studien auf Samoilow und Kurungnach: Geophysik, Fernerkundung, Geologie sowie botanische und Bodenstudien / Igor N. Yeltsov, Alexey N. Faguet, Leonid V. Tsibizov, Vladimir A. Kashirtsev, Vladimir V. Olenchenko, Andrey A. Kartozia, Nikolay N. Lashchinskiy. - Terrestrische Permafrost-Bohrkampagnen: Tiefe Einblicke in die Vergangenheit / Jens Strauss, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Paul Overduin, Georgii Maximov, Guido Grosse, Alexey N. Fague, Leonid Tsibizov, Lutz Schirrmeister. - Langzeitmessungen der Energie-, Wasser-, und Treibhausgasflüsse zwischen Land und Atmosphäre von 2002 bis heute und darüber hinaus / David Holl, Ju , Contents: Introduction and Background to Terrestrial Expeditions in Siberia / Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Volker Rachold, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer. - 1. On the Way to the Lena Expeditions 1993-1997. - Lake Sediments on Taymyr and Severnaya Zemlya as a Climate Archive / Pier Paul Overduin, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Martin Melles. - First Energy, Water, and Flux Studies of Tundra Soils - Labaz and Levinson-Lessing Lake, Taymyr Peninsula / Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Julia Boike, Mikhail P. Zhurbenko, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov. - Exploring Permafrost Sequences in the Taymyr Lowland (1994-1996) / Christine Siegert, Alexander Yu. Dereviagin. - Carbon in Arctic Desert Soils of Severnaya Zemlya / Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Mikhail P. Zhurbenko, Dimitry Yu. Bolshiyanov. - Hydrology, Geochemistry, and Sediment Transport of the Siberian Rivers - The SYSTEM LAPTEV SEA Project 1994-1997 / Volker Rachold. - 2. The Beginning of the Lena Expeditions 1998-2002. - Initiation of the Research Project Lena Delta: Science Strategy, Cooperation, and Logistics / Volker Rachold, Martin Antonow, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer. - The First Years of Soil and Climate-Related Permafrost Research on Samoylov Island and Surroundings (Investigations 1998- 2001) / Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Julia Boike, Günter Stoof, Lars Kutzbach, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, lrina A. Yakshina, Anno N. Kurchatova, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov. - Bykovsky Peninsula: The First Land Expedition with a Focus on Paleoclimate / Lutz Schirrmeister, Guido Grosse, Viktor V. Kunitsky, Christine Siegert, Hanno Meyer. - The 1998-2002 Ship-Based Expeditions for Coastal Erosion and Geomorphological Studies with Dunay, Neptun, Sofron Danilov, and Pavel Bashmakov / Volker Rachold, Waldemar Schneider, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Felix E. Are, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov. - Lake Studies on Arga: History and Formation of the Lena Delta / Georg Schwamborn, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Volker Rachold, Vladimir E. Tumskoy, Lutz Schirrmeister, Guido Grosse. - Microbial Carbon Turnover in the Active Layer and in Permafrost / Susanne Liebner, Christian Knoblauch, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Svetlana Yu. Evgrajova, Dirk Wagner. - Fieldwork for Reconstructing the Paleo-Environment / Lutz Schirrmeister, Tatyana V. Kuznetsova, Andrei A. Andreev, Frank Kienast, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov. - 3. Process Studies of Permafrost Dynamics 2002-2006. - Subsea Permafrost Drilling During the COAST 2005 Expedition / Volker Rachold, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Waldemar Schneider. - The Early Samoylov Station and Its Extension in 2005 / Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Julia Boike, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Günter Stoof, Alexander Yu. Gukov. - Installation of the Samoylov Observatory - Permafrost-Affected Soils and Greenhouse Gases (Investigations 2002-2006) / Lars Kutzbach, Christian Wille, Torsten Sachs, David Holl, Günter Stoof, Julia Boike, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer. - Microbial Nitrogen Turnover in the Active Layer and Deeper Permafrost Sediments of the Lena River Delta / Claudia Fiencke, Tina Sanders, Fabian Beermann, Elena E. Lebedeva, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer. - Geocryological and Paleoenvironmental Studies on the Coasts of the Laptev Sea / Lutz Schirrmeister, Christine Siegert, Guido Grosse, Hanno Meyer, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Viktor V. Kunitsky. - Long-Term Observations of the Pelagic Fauna in Lakes and Ponds in the Lena Delta / Ekaterina N. Abramova, lrina I. Vishnyakova, Grigory A. Soloviev, Anna A. Abramova. - 4. Implementation of New Research Topics 2007-2012. - Arctic Coastal Dynamics / Frank Günther, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Pier Paul Overduin, Hugues Lantuit, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten. - Field Work and Numerical Modelling for Subsea Permafrost and Gas Hydrates / Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Pier Paul Overduin, Sebastian Wetterich, Mikhail N. Grigoriev. - Permafrost Degradation, Thermokarst and Thermal Erosion Fieldwork on Kurungnakh Island / Anne Morgenstern, Irina V. Fedorova, Antonina A. Chetverova, Frank Günther, Mathias Ulrich, Fabian Beermann, Sebastian Zubrzycki, Sofia A. Antonova, Samuel Stettner, Julia Boike. - With the Chainsaw to Climate Modelling - Ice Wedges as a Winter Climate Archive / Hanno Meyer, Thomas Opel, Alexander Yu. Dereviagin. - Past and Present Treeline and Lake Changes in Northern Siberia in Response to Warming / Ulrike Herzschuh, Luidmila A. Pestryakova, Laura S. Epp, Larisa A. Frolova, Ruslan M. Gorodnichev, Birgit Heim, Florion Jeltsch, Juliane Klemm, Stefan Kruse, Larisa B. Nazarova, Bastian Niemeyer, Anatolii N. Nikolaev, Kathleen R. Stoof-Leichsenring, Ralph Tiedemann, Mareike Wieczoreck, Evgenij S. Zakharov, Heike H. Zimmermann. - Organic Matter Matters- Quantifying the Amount of Carbon in Northern Siberia / Jens Strauss, Lutz Schirrmeister, Sebastian Zubrzycki, Alexander L. Kholodov, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Viktor V. Kunitsky, Matthias Fuchs, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Guido Grosse. - Expeditions with Rubber Boats and Small River Vessels - Hydrology and Geomorphology of the Lena Delta / Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, lrina V Fedorova, Julia Boike. - Mobilization and Deposition of Carbon in the Lena River System / Gesine Mollenhauer, Maria Winterfeld, Boris P. Koch, lrina V. Fedorova. - Holocene Lakes Around the Lena Delta / Bernhard Diekmann, Boris Biskaborn, Luidmila A. Pestryakova, Dmitry A. Subetto, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Ulrike Herzschuh, Georg Schwamborn, Volker Rachold. - Complex Logistical Operations - Airborne Energy and Greenhouse Gas Flux Observations by Helipod / Torsten Sachs, Eric Larmanau, Katrin Kohnert, Andrei Serafimavich. - Lena Expeditions: Integration of New German Research Groups / Birgit Heim, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Pier Paul Overduin, lrina V. Fedorova. - A Decade of Coastal Research in the Lena Delta / lngeborg Bussmann, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, lrina V Fedorova, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Alexander Yu. Gukov, Gerhard Kattner, Alexandra Kraberg, Denis V. Moiseev, Pier Paul Overduin, Lasse Sander, Karen H. Wiltshire. - 5. New Horizons for Lena Expeditions - The New Research Station Samoylov Island. - Prime Minister V. V. Putin Visits Samoylov Island (P-Day) / Hanno Meyer, Thomas Opel, Alexander Yu. Dereviagin, Svetlana Yu. Evgrafava, Waldemar Schneider, Alexander S. Makarov, Mikhail N. Grigoriev. - The New Research Station Samoylov Island: Construction, Opening Ceremony, Facilities, and Operation / Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Igor N. Yeltsov, Anne Morgenstern. - Samoylov in International Programs and Networks - FLUX NET, GTN-P, INTERACT / Anne Morgenstern, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Julia Boike, Lars Kutzbach. - Short Overview of the Russian-German Permafrost Projects CARBOPERM and KoPf / Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Sebastian Zubrzycki, Ulrike Herzschuh, Guido Grosse. - Application of Remote Sensing in the Laptev Sea Region / Guido Grosse, Birgit Heim, Sofia Antonova, Julia Boike, Astrid Bracher, Alexey N. Fague, Frank Günther, Thomas Krumpen, Moritz Langer, Anne Morgenstern, Sina Muster, lngmar Nitze, Torsten Sachs. - Multidisciplinary Studies on Samoylov and Kurungnakh: Geophysics, Remote Sensing, Geology, Botanical, and Soil Studies / Igor N. Yeltsov, Alexey N. Faguet, Leonid V. Tsibizov, Vladimir A. Kashirtsev, Vladimir V. Olenchenko, Andrey A. Kartozia, Nikolay N. Lashchinskiy. - Deep lnsights into the Past Terrestrial Permafrost Drilling Campaigns / Jens Strauss, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Paul Overduin, Georgii Maximov, Guido Grosse, Alexey N. Fague, Leonid Tsibizov, Lutz Schirrmeister. - Long-Term Measurements of Land-Atmosphere Fluxes of Energy, Water, and Greenhouse Gases from 2002 until Today and Beyond / David Holl, Julia Boike, Torsten Sachs, Peter Schreiber, Niko Bornemann, Christian Wille, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Irina V. Fedorova, Lars Kutzbach. - Carbon Turnover of Thawing Permafrost in the Lena Delta / , Russische Ausgabe in kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Presents main results over 20 years of research in an underground rock laboratory in claystone, Well-illustrated examples of the different stages of repository evolution, The reader gets an excellent overview and never loses the common thread of the rather complex thematic, Contains invaluable data and information relevant to fundamental problems

Note: Contents: Preface. - Acknowledgements. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 Origin and characters of silicon and its isotopes. - 1.2 A brief description of silicon geochemistry. - 1.3 The history of silicon isotope studies. - 2 Analytical methods of silicon isotope composition. - 2.1 Gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometric analysis of silicon isotopes. - 2.2 Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (MC-ICPMS) analysis of silicon isotopes. - 2.3 Secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses. - 2.4 Standards and reference materials for silicon isotope measurement. - 2.5 Comparison of different methods on silicon isotope analyses. - 3 Mechanisms of silicon isotope fractionation. - 3.1 The thermodynamic silicon isotope exchange fractionation. - 3.2 Kinetic fractionation of silicon isotopes. - 4 Distribution of silicon isotopes in nature. - 4.1 Silicon isotope compositions of extraterrestrial materials. - 4.2 Silicon isotope distribution in lithosphere. - 4.3 Silicon isotope compositions of soils. - 4.4 Hydrosphere. - 4.5 Biosphere. - 5 Several aspects of silicon isotope applications. - 5.1 Studies on global silicon cycle. - 5.2 Silicon isotope studies on environmental variation of ocean. - 5.3 Studies on mechanisms of absorption, transportation and precipitation of silicon in plant growth processes. - 5.4 Studies on silicon source and genesis of ore deposits. - References. - Index.

Note: Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Executive Summary -- Part One - C’mon! Don’t tell me the current trends are sustainable! -- 1.1 Introduction: The World in Disarray -- 1.2 Limits to Growth - how relevant was its message?- 1.3 Planetary Boundaries -- 1.4 The Anthropocene -- 1.5 The Climate Challenge -- 1.6 Other disasters ahead -- 1.7 Unsustainable population growth - and urbanization -- 1.8 Unsustainable agriculture and food system -- 1.9 Trade versus environment -- 1.10 The 2030 Agenda - the devil is in implementation -- 1.11 Do we like disruptions? The case of the digital revolution -- 1.12 From Empty World to Full World -- Part Two - C’mon! Don’t stick to outdated philosophies! -- 2.1 Laudato Sí: The Pope raises His voice -- 2.2 Change the Story, Change the Future -- 2.3 1991: „The First Global Revolution“ -- 2.4 Capitalism got arrogant -- 2.5 The failure of the market doctrine -- 2.6 Philosophical errors of the market doctrine -- 2.7 Reductionist philosophy is shallow and inadequate -- 2.8 Gaps between Theory, Education and Social Reality -- 2.9 Tolerance and long-term perspectives -- 2.10 We may need a New Enlightenment -- Part Three Come On! Join us on an exciting journey towards a sustainable world! .- 3.1 A regenerative economy -- 3.2 Development Alternatives -- 3.3 The Blue Economy -- 3.4 Decentralized energy -- 3.5 Some agricultural success stories -- 3.6 Regenerative urbanization: Ecopolis -- 3.7 Climate: Some good news, but bigger challenges -- 3.8 Circular economy requires a new economic logic -- 3.9 Five-fold resource productivity -- 3.10 Healthy disruption -- 3.11 Reform of the financial sector -- 3.12 Reform of the economic set-up -- 3.13 Benign investment -- 3.14 Measuring well-being rather than GDP -- 3.15 Civil Society, Social Capital and Collective Leadership -- 3.16 Global Governance -- 3.17 National level action: China and Bhutan -- 3.18 Education for a sustainable civilization -- Conclusion: We invite readers to ‘come on’

Note: Contents: Part I: Understanding the resource nexus: Setting scenes ; 1 The Resource Nexus: Preface and Introduction ; 2 Appreciating wider environmental angles; 3 Scales and the resource nexus ; 4 Security, climate change and the resource nexus ; Part II: Analysing the resource nexus: Tools and metrics 5 Life Cycle Assessment for resource nexus analysis ; 6 Linking society and nature: material flows and the resource nexus ; 7 Resource footprints ; 8 Input-Output analysis and resource nexus assessment ; 9 Material criticality assessment and resource nexus analysis ; 10 Industrial Ecology Methods and the Resource Nexus ; Part III: Resource nexus modelling: Practices and future transformations ; 11 Integrating environmental and social impacts with Ecosystem services analysis ; 12 Modelling practices from local to global ; 13 Global change and K-waves: exploring nexus patterns ; 14 Foresight and scenarios: modelling practices and resource nexus assessment ; 15 Extending macro-economic modelling into the resource nexus ; 16 The five-node resource nexus dynamics: an integrated modelling approach ; Part IV: International political economy and the resource nexus ; 17 The resource nexus in an uncertain world: a non-equilibrium perspective ; 18 Mining and the resource nexus ; 19 Scarcities, supply and new resource curses? ; 20 The international commodity trade: Stylized facts ; 21 Rare Earth Elements and a resource nexus perspective ; 22 Governing land in the Global South ; Part V: Applying the resource nexus: Regional and Global Scale ; 23 Elements of the Water-Energy-Food nexus in China ; 24 The Energy-Materials nexus: the case of metals ; 25 Unconventional oil and gas production meets the resource nexus ; 26 Feeding Africa: Nexus-related opportunities, challenges and policy options ; 27 The five node resource nexus at sea ; Part VI: Governing the resource nexus: Emerging responses ; 28 Urban metabolism and new urban governance ; 29 Eco-innovation and resource nexus challenges: Ambitions and evidence ; 30 Green Chemistry: Opportunities, waste and food supply chains ; 31 California Innovations @ WEN ; 32 The UN, Global Governance and the SDGs

Note: Contents: 1. Introduction; 2. Steam-engine economics; 3. Beyond homo economicus; 4. Big and dirty; 5. Pictures of improbability; 6. Trillions, or only hundreds?; 7. Zipf’s law and other stories; 8. Ants and traders; 9. Too big to ignore; 10. Climate tipping points and known unknowns; 11. Predators and prey; 12. Good enough for government work; 13. Fat tails and the failure of forecasting; 14. Misunderstanding risk; 15. Choices beyond calculation; 16. Who won World War II?; 17. Conclusion

Note: Contents: Part 1: Crisis ; 1 The new anxieties ; Part 2: Restoring Ethics ; 2 The foundations of morality: from the selfish gene to the ethical group ; 3 The ethicla state ; 4 The ethical firm ; 5 The ethical family ; 6 The ethical world ; Part 3: Restoring the Inclusive Society ; 7 The geographic divide: booming metropolis, broken cities ; 8 The class divide: having it all, falling apart ; 9 The global divide: winners, and the left behind ; Part 4: Restoring Inclusive Politics ; 10 Breaking the extremes

Note: Environment and conflict -- Context matters : Ogoni and place making -- Locale : political and cultural context of mobilisation -- Landscape, capital and violence -- Why the Ogoni mobilised -- From grievances to micro-mobilisation : how the Ogoni mobilised -- Cultural basis of mobilisation -- Mobilisation : a place for moral motivation? -- Place and limit of mobilisation -- Conclusion.

Note: CONTENTS: PREFACE. - 1 IASC Internal Development. - IASC Organization. - IASC Council. - IASC Executive Committee. - IASC Secretariat. - ISIRA. - IASC Medal 2018. - 2 IASC Working Groups. - Cross-Cutting Activities. - Atmosphere Working Group (AWG). - Cryosphere Working Group (CWG). - Marine Working Group (MWG). - Social and Human Working Group (SHWG). - Terrestrial Working Group (TWG). - 3 Arctic Science Summit Week 2017. - Upcoming ASSWs. - 4 Data and Observations. - Arctic Data Committee (ADC). - Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON). - 5 Partnerships. - Arctic Council. - Asian Forum for Polar Sciences (AFoPS). - Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS). - Circumpolar Health Research Network (CirchNet). - European Polar Board (EPB). - Forum of Arctic Research Operators (FARO). - International Arctic Social Sciences Association (IASSA). - International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS). - International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). - The International Permafrost Association (IPA). - The Pacific Arctic Group (PAG). - The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). - University of the Arctic (UArctic). - WCRP Climate and Cryosphere (CliC). - 6 Capacity Building. - IASC Fellowship Program. - CAFF-IASC Fellowship. - Fellows’ Voices. - Overview of Supported Early Career Scientists.

Note: Contents: Preface and acknowledgments ; 1. Introduction and overview ; 2. Technologies ; 3. International law ; 4. US law 5. Liability and compensation ; 6. Research governance ; 7. Conclusions and recommendations

Note: Contents: Part 1: BECCS Technologies -- Understanding negative emissions from BECCS -- The supply of biomass for bioenergy -- Post-combustion and oxy-combustion technologies -- Pre-combustion technologies -- Techno-economics of biomass-based power generation with CCS technologies for deployment in 2050 -- Part 2: BECCS System Assessments -- Life cycle assessment -- System characterisation of carbon capture & storage (CCS) systems -- The system value of deploying bioenergy with CCS (BECCS) in the United Kingdom -- Part 3: BECCS in the Energy System -- The climate change mitigation challenge -- The future for bioenergy systems : the role of BECCS -- Policy frameworks and supply chain accounting -- Social and ethical dimensions of BECCS -- Unlocking negative emissions.

Note: Contents: 1. Indian diversity and global migrations ; 2. The great Indian migration wave ; 3. Merchants and capital ; 4. Diasporas and Dreams ; 5. Partitions and displacments ; 6. Migration and development

Note: Text auf Englisch; Vorwort auf Deutsch, Französisch und Englisch; Zusammenfassung auf Englisch

Note: Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction ; Part I The Bases for the Analyses ; Chapter 2. The unknown influence of democratic qualities on climate performance ; Chapter 3. The concept and the operationalization of democratic efficacy ; Part II. An Empirical Analysis of the Democracy-Climate Nexus ; Chapter 4. Analysis I: more leads to more –positive statistical trends ; Chapter 5. Analysis II: Canada’s Kyoto Protocol process, 1995-2012 - a case study perspective ; Chapter 6. 1995-1997: Chrétien makes use of the prerogative ; Chapter 7. 1998-2002: futile consultations ; Chapter 8. 2003-2005: undemocratic unpredictability ; Chapter 9. 2006-2012: democratic weakening and climate change as a shield issue ; Chapter 10. Discussion analysis II: linkages between democratic quality and climate performance ; Part III. Synergy ; Chapter 11. Overall discussion ; Chapter 12. Conclusion

Note: Contents: Introduction: The Indispensable State, Sustaining Our Future ; 1 Debunking "Sustainability": Moving beyond "Feel-Good" Slogans ; 2 Sustainability by the State, Not Markets or Technology; 3 The State of Growth ; 4 Working with the State: Building the Social Security Net ; 5 The State's Obligations ; 6 Authority, Not Authoritarianism ; 7 Checks and Balances ; 8 Redefining Freedom, Rights, and Prosperity ; 9 The Tropical Haze Crisis ; 10 The Tropical City Is No Paradise ; 11 China: The Strong State? ; 12 Transition: From Business as Usual to the Sustainable State ; Conclusion: Either States Act, or Doom Looms

Note: Contents: 1. Introduction and summary, 2. Resource use in an urbanizing world, 3. Agropolis – the city in its local landscape, 4. Living in Petropolis, 5. Cities and entropy, 6. The urban metabolism, 7. From Petropolis to Ecopolis, 8. Case studies

Note: Contents: Introduction / Lisa Early, Philippa Howden-Chapman, Marie Russell, Anna Hamer Adams & Jenny Ombler -- Auckland / Guy Salmon -- Hamilton / Marie Russell, Lisa Early, Jenny Ombler & Anna Hamer-Adams -- Wellington / Marie Russell, Lisa Early, Anna Hamer-Adams & Jenny Ombler -- Christchurch / Guy Salmon -- Dunedin / Marie Russell, Lisa Early, Jenny Ombler & Anna Hamer-Adams -- Survey of sentiments about cities / Philippa Howden-Chapman, Anna Hamer-Adams, Ed Randal, Ralph Chapman, Guy Salmon -- What shapes our cities? / Lisa Early, Marie Russell, Geoff Fougere & Philippa Howden-Chapman.

Note: Table of contents Preface About the authors Acknowledgements Dedication List of figures List of tables List of symbols Part I Introduction and characteristics of permafrost I Definition and description 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Additional terms originating in Russia 1.3 History of permafrost research 1.4 Measurement of ground temperature 1.5 Conduction, convection and advection 1.6 Therm al regimes in regions based on heat conduction 1.7 Continentality index 1.8 Moisture movement in the active layer during freezing and thawing 1.9 Moisture conditions in permafrost ground 1.10 Results of freezing moisture 1.11 Strength of ice 1.12 Cryosols, gelisols, and leptosols 1.13 Fragipans 1.14 Salinity in permafrost regions 1.15 Organic matter 1.16 Micro-organisms in permafrost 1.16.1 Antarctic permafrost 1.16.2 High-latitude permafrost 1.16.3 High altitude permafrost in China 1.16.4 Phenotypic traits 1.16.5 Relation to climate change on the Tibetan plateau 1.17 Gas and gas hydrates 1.18 Thermokarst areas 1.19 Offshore permafrost 2 Cryogenic processes where temperatures dip below 0°C 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The nature of ice and water 2.3 Effects of oil pollution on freezing 2.4 Freezing and thawing of the active layer in permafrost in equilibrium with a stable climate 2.5 Relation of clay mineralogy to the average position of the permafrost table 2.6 Ground temperature envelopes in profiles affected by changes in mean annual ground surface temperature (MASGT) 2.7 Needle ice 2.8 Frost heaving 2.9 Densification and thaw settlement 2.10 Cryostratigraphy, cryostructures, cryotextures and cryofacies 2.11 Ground cracking 2.12 Dilation cracking 2.13 Frost susceptibility 2.14 Cryoturbation, gravity processes and injection structures 2.14.1 Cryoturbation 2.14.2 Upward injection of sediments from below 2.14.3 Load-casting 2.15 Upheaving of objects 2.16 Upturning of objects 2.17 Sorting 2.18 Weathering and frost comminution 2.19 Karst in areas with permafrost 2.20 Seawater density and salinity 3 Factors affecting permafrost distribution 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Climatic factors 3.2.1 Heat balance on the surface of the Earth and its effect on the climate 3.2.2 Relationship between air and ground temperatures 3.2.3 Thermal offset 3.2.4 Relation to air masses 3.2.5 Precipitation 3.2.6 Latitude and longitude 3.2.7 Topography and altitude 3.2.8 Cold air drainage 3.2.9 Buffering of temperatures against change in mountain ranges 3.3 Terrain factors 3.3.1 Vegetation 3.3.2 Hydrology 3.3.3 Lakes and water bodies 3.3.4 Nature of the soil and rock 3.3.5 Fire 3.3.6 Glaciers 3.3.7 The effects of Man 4 Permafrost distribution 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Zonation of permafrost 4.3 Permafrost mapping 4.4 Examples of mapping units used 4.5 Modeling permafrost distribution 4.6 Advances in geophysical methods 4.7 Causes of variability reducing the reliability of small-scale maps 4.8 Maps of permafrost-related properties based on field observations 4.8.1 Permafrost thickness 4.8.2 Maps of ice content 4.8.3 Water resources locked up in perennially frozen ground 4.8.4 Total carbon content 4.9 Use of remote sensing and airborne platforms in monitoring environmental conditions and disturbances 4.10 Sensitivity to climate change: Hazard zonation 4.11 Classification of permafrost stability based on mean annual ground temperature Part II Permafrost landforms II. 1 Introduction 5 Frost cracking, ice-wedges, sand, loess and rock tessellons 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Primary and secondary wedges 5.2.1 Primary wedges 5.2.1.1 Ice-wedges 5.2.1.2 Sand tessellons 5.2.1.3 Loess tessellons 5.2.1.4 Rock tessellons 5.2.2 Secondary wedges 5.2.2.1 Ice-wedge casts 5.2.2.2 Soil wedges 6 Massive ground ice in lowlands 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Distribution of massive icy beds in surface sediments 6.3 Sources of the sediments 6.4 Deglaciation of the Laurentide ice sheet 6.5 Methods used to determine the origin of the massive icy beds 6.6 Massive icy beds interpreted as being formed by cryosuction 6.7 Massive icy beds that may represent stagnant glacial ice 6.8 Other origins of massive icy beds 6.9 Ice complexes including yedoma deposits 6.10 Conditions for growth of thick ice-wedges 6.11 The mechanical condition of the growth of ice-wedges and its connection to the properties of the surrounding sediments 6.12 Buoyancy of ice-wedges 6.13 Summary of the ideas explaining yedoma evolution 6.14 Aufeis 6.15 Perennial ice caves 6.16 Types of ice found in perennial ice caves 6.17 Processes involved in the formation of perennial ice caves 6.18 Cycles of perennial cave evolution 6.18.1 Perennial ice caves in deep hollows 6.18.2 Sloping caves with two entrances 6.18.3 Perennial ice caves with only one main entrance but air entering through cracks and joints in the bedrock walls 6.18.4 Perennial ice caves with only one main entrance and no other sources of cooling 6.19 Ice caves in subtropical climates 6.20 Massive blocks of ice in bedrock or soil 7 Permafrost mounds 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Mounds over 2.5 m diameter 7.2.1 Mounds formed predominantly of injection ice 7.2.1.1 Pingo mounds 7.2.1.2 Hydrostatic or closed system pingos 7.2.1.3 Hydraulic or open system pingos 7.2.1.4 Pingo plateaus 7.2.1.5 Seasonal frost mounds 7.2.1.6 Icing blisters 7.2.1.7 Perennial mounds of uncertain origin 7.2.1.8 Similar mounds that can be confused with injection phenomena 7.2.2 Mounds formed dominantly by cryosuction 7.2.2.1 Paisas 7.2.2.1.1 Paisas in maritime climates 7.2.2.1.2 Paisas in cold, continental climates 7.2.2.1.3 Lithalsas 7.2.2.1.4 Palsa/Lithalsa look-alikes 7.2.3 Mounds formed by the accumulation of ice in the thawing fringe: Peat plateaus 7.3 Cryogenic mounds less than 2.5 m in diameter 7.3.1 Oscillating hummocks 7.3.2 Thufurs 7.3.3 Silt-cycling hummocks 7.3.4 Niveo-aeolian hummocks 7.3.5 Similar-looking mounds of uncertain origin 7.3.6 String bogs 7.3.7 Pounus 8 Mass wasting of fine-grained materials in cold climates 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Classification of mass wasting 8.3 Slow flows 8.3.1 Cryogenic creep 8.3.1.1 Needle ice creep 8.3.1.2 Frost heave and frost creep 8.3.1.3 Gelifluction 8.3.1.4 Other creep-type contributions to downslope movement of soil 8.3.2 Landforms produced by cryogenic slow flows in humid areas 8.3.3 Landforms developed by cryogenic flows in more arid regions 8.4 Cryogenic fast flows 8.4.1 Cryogenic debris flows 8.4.2 Cryogenic slides and slumps 8.4.3 Cryogenic composite slope failures 8.4.3.1 Active-layer detachment slides 8.4.3.2 Retrogressive thaw failures 8.4.3.3 Snow avalanches and slushflows 8.4.3.3.1 Snow avalanches 8.4.3.3.2 Slush avalanches 8.5 Relative effect in moving debris downslope in the mountains 9 Landforms consisting of blocky materials in cold climates 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Source of the blocks 9.3 Influence of rock type 9.4 Weathering products 9.5 Biogenic weathering 9.6 Fate of the soluble salts produced by chemical and biogenic weathering 9.7 Rate of cliff retreat 9.8 Landforms resulting from the accumulation of predominantly blocky materials in cryogenic climates 9.8.1 Cryogenic block fields 9.8.1.1 Measurement of rates of release of blocks on slopes 9.8.2 Cryogenic block slopes and fans 9.8.3 Classification of cryogenic talus slopes 9.8.3.1 Coarse blocky talus slopes 9.8.4 Protection of infrastructure from falling rock 9.9 Talus containing significant amounts of finer material 9.9.1 Rock glaciers 9.9.1.1 Sedimentary composition and structure of active rock glaciers 9.9.1.2 Origin of the ice in active rock glaciers 9.9.1.3 Relationship to vegetation 9.9.2 Movement of active rock glaciers 9.9.2.1 Horizontal movement 9.9.2.2 Movement of the front 9.9.3 Distribution of active rock glaciers 9.9.4 Inactive and fossil rock glaciers 9.9.5 Streams flowing from under rock glaciers 9.10 Cryogenic block streams 9.10.1 Characteristics 9.10.2 Classification 9.10.2.1

Note: Contents: Introduction ; The Art of Seeing Networks ; Part I - Elementary Networks and Tools ; Surveying the Tools of the Craft ; Introducing NetworkX ; Introducing Gephi ; Case Study: Constructing a Network of Wikipedia Pages ; Part II - Networks Based on Explicit Relationships ; Understanding Social Networks ; Mastering Advanced Network Construction ; Measuring Networks Case Study: Panama Papers ; Part III - Networks Based on Co-Occurrences ; Constructing Semantic and Product Networks ; Unearthing the Network Structure ; Case Study: Performing Cultural Domain Analysis ; Case Study: Going from Products to Projects ; Part IV - Unleashing Similarity ; Similarity-Based Networks ; Harnessing Bipartite Networks ; Case Study: Building a Network of Trauma Types ; Part V - When Order Makes a Difference ; Directed Networks

Note: Contents: Chapter1. Introduction: Climate change and lifestyle - the relevance of new concepts for socialecological research -- Chapter2. Approaches of measuring human impacts on climate change -- Chapter3. The research context: India and the megacity of Hyderabad -- Chapter4. Conceptualisation and operationalisation - A social geography of climate change: Social-cultural mentalities, lifestyle, and related GHG emission effects in Indian cities -- Chapter5. Results part I - Descriptive analysis of manifest variables and preparation of latent components for the lifestyle analysis -- Chapter6. Results part II - Income, practice, and lifestyle-oriented analysis of personal-level GHG emissions -- Chapter7. Discussion -- Chapter8. Final conclusions - Understanding inequalities in consumption-based, personal level GHG emissions

Note: Contents Preface Acknowledgements 1 Introduction 1.1 The Periglacial Concept: Definitions and Scope 1.2 The Periglacial Realm 1.3 The Development of Periglacial Geomorphology 1.4 Periglacial Geomorphology: The Quaternary Context 1.5 The Aims and Organization of this Book 2 Periglacial Environments 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Periglacial Climates 2.3 Soils in Periglacial Environments 2.4 Vegetation Cover in Periglacial Environments 2.5 Synthesis 3 Ground Freezing and Thawing 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Ground Heating and Cooling 3.3 Soil Freezing 3.4 Ice Segregation in Freezing Soils 3.5 Thaw Consolidation 3.6 Synthesis 4 Permafrost 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Permafrost Thermal Regime 4.3 Classification of Permafrost 4.4 Detection, Mapping and Modelling of Permafrost 4.5 Permafrost Distribution 4.6 Permafrost-glacier Interactions 4.7 The Geomorphic Importance of Permafrost 5 Ground Ice and Cryostratigraphy 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Genetic Classification of Ground Ice 5.3 Description of Ground Ice 5.4 Ice Contacts 5.5 Cryostratigraphy 5.6 The Transition Zone 5.7 Massive Ground Ice 5.8 Yedoma 6 Thermal Contraction Cracking: Ice Wedges and Related Landforms 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Thermal Contraction Cracking and Polygon Evolution 6.3 Ice Veins and Ice Wedges 6.4 Ice-wedge Polygons 6.5 Sand Veins and Sand Wedges 6.6 Composite Veins and Composite Wedges 6.7 Sand-wedge Polygons 6.8 Frost Cracking of Seasonally Frozen Ground 6.9 Thaw Modification of Frost Wedges 6.10 Frost-Wedge Pseudomorphs and Frost Polygons in Areas of Past Permafrost 7 Pingos, Palsas and other Frost Mounds 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Characteristics of Pingos 7.3 Hydrostatic Pingos 7.4 Hydraulic Pingos 7.5 Pingo Problems and Problem Pingos 7.6 Segregation Ice Mounds: Palsas, Lithalsas and Related Landforms 7.7 Palsas 7.8 Peat Plateaus 7.9 Lithalsas 7.10 Permafrost Plateaus 7.11 Other Permafrost Mounds 7.12 Ephemeral Frost Mounds 7.13 Relict Permafrost Mounds 8 Thermokarst 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Thermokarst Lakes and Drained Lake Basins 8.3 Thermokarst Pits, Bogs and Fens 8.4 Retrogressive Thaw Slumps 8.5 Small-scale Thermokarst Features: Beaded Streams, Sinkholes and Thermokarst Gullies 8.6 Sediment Structures associated with Thermokarst 8.7 Relict Thermokarst Phenomena 9 Seasonally Frozen Ground Phenomena 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Upfreezing of Clasts 9.3 Frost Heave of Bedrock 9.4 Patterned Ground: The Embroidery on the Landscape 9.5 Patterned Ground Processes 9.6 Sorted Patterned Ground 9.7 Nonsorted Patterned Ground 9.8 Cryoturbations 9.9 Pedogenic Effects of Freezing and Thawing 9.10 Fragipans 9.11 Synthesis 10 Rock Weathering and Associated Landforms 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Physical Weathering Processes 10.3 Chemical Weathering Processes 10.4 Biotic Weathering Processes 10.5 Weathering Processes in Periglacial Environments 10.6Cold-climate Karst 10.7 Tors 10.8 Blockfields and Related Periglacial Regolith Covers 10.9 Brecciated Bedrocks 11 Periglacial Mass Movement and Hillslope Evolution 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Solifluction Processes 11.3 Solifluction Landforms 11.4 Pleistocene Solifluction Landforms and Slope Deposits 11.5 Active-layer Failures 11.6 Permafrost Creep 11.7 Nivation 11.8 Cryoplanation 11.9 Slope Form and Slope Evolution 12 Talus Slopes and Related Landforms 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Rockfall Talus 12.3 The Geomorphic Role of Snow Avalanches 12.4 Debris-flow Activity 12.5 Rock Glaciers 12.6 Pronival (Protalus) Ramparts 12.7 Synthesis 13 Fluvial Processes and Landforms 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Periglacial Hydrology 13.3 Slopewash 13.4 Slushflows 13.5 Sediment Transport in Periglacial Rivers 13.6 Bank and Channel Erosion 13.7 River Channels 13.8 Alluvial Landforms in Periglacial Environments 13.9 Valley Form 13.10 Pleistocene Periglacial Rivers 13.11 Synthesis 14 Wind Action 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Aeolian Processes 14.3 Wind Erosion in Present Periglacial Environments 14.4 Aeolian Deposits in Present Periglacial Environments 14.5 Quaternary Aeolian Deposits 14.6 Synthesis 15 Periglacial Coasts 15.1 Introduction 15.2 The Nature of Periglacial Coasts 15.3 The Role of Ice in Shoreline Evolution 15.4 Ice-rich Permafrost Coasts 15.5 Thermokarst Coasts 15.6 Barrier Coasts 15.7 Salt Marshes and Tidal Flats 15.8 Rock Coasts 15.9 Raised and Inherited Shorelines 15.10 Lake Shorelines 15.11 Synthesis 16 Past Periglacial Environments 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction Based on Periglacial Features 16.3 Past Periglacial Environments of the British Isles 16.4 Pre-Late Devensian Periglacial Features in the British Isles 16.5 The Dimlington Stade in the British Isles 16.6 The Younger Dryas (Loch Lomond) Stade in the British Isles 16.7 Past Periglacial Environments of the British Isles: Commentary 16.8 Late Weichselian Periglacial Environments in Continental Europe 16.9 Late Wisconsinan Periglacial Environments in North America 16.10 Permafrost Extent in the Northern Hemisphere During the Last Glacial Stage 16.11 Concluding Comments 17 Climate Change and Periglacial Environments 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Permafrost Degradation 17.3 Geomorphological Implications of Climate Change in the Circumpolar North 17.4Geomorphological Implications of Climate Change in High Mountain Environments 17.5 Climate Change ,Permafrost Degradation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions 17.6 Conclusion Appendix: Text Abbreviations, Units and Symbols Employed in Equations References Index