ALBERT

Note: Contents Table 1 Daily records Table 2 Extreme temperatures Table 3 Montly means Table 4 Mean temperature in the years 1775-1975 Table 5 Daily means of extreme temperatures Table 6 Relative frequency of daily maximum temperature in months Table 7 Relative frequency of daily minimum temperature Table 8 Relative frequency of relative humidity Table 9 Relative frequency of pressure Table 10 Relative frequency of wind Table 11 Relative frequency of cloud amount Table 12 Relative frequency of daily rainfall Table 13 Statistical characteristics of daily observations Table 14 Monthly means in 5 years periods Table 15 Monthly means in 10 years periods Table 16 Monthly means in 50 years periods Table 17 Monthly means of statistical characteristics in the years 1776-1975 Table 18 Monthly means of statistical characteristics in 5 years periods Table 19 Monthly means of statistical characteristics in 10 years periods Table 20 Monthly means of statistical characteristics in 50 years periods Table 21 Mean daily temperature corresponding to the percent of the exceeding probability , In tschechischer, russischer und englischer Sprache , Zum Teil in kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Zugl.: Bochum, Univ., Diss., 1984 , Contents: I. Einleitung und Problemstellung ; II. Das Naturraumpotential ; 1. Das Klima als geoökologisches Merkmal ; 2. Der Boden als geoökologischer Ordnungsfaktor ; 3. Der Florenbestand als Ergebnis paläoklimatischer Vorgänge ; III. Die natürliche Vegetation als Ausdruck des ökologischen Potentials der Räume ; 4. Methoden der Vegetationserfassung- und ordnung ; 5. Die ökologische Interpretation der Pflanzengesellschaften ; IV. Ergebnisdarstellung ; 6. Die dreidimensionale bioklimatische Vegetationsanordnung auf Island ; 7. Erläuterungen zu den Karten des Naturraumpotentials, der realen und der potentiell natürlichen Vegetation ; V. Zusammenfassung

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis = Table of contents = Table des matières. - Einleitung = Introduction = Introduction. - Bemerkungen zum Inhalt und zur Gestaltung des Buches = Comments on the Contents and lay-out of the book = Remarques quant au contenue et à la structure du livre. - Methode = Methods = Methode. - Oekogramm = Ecogram = Ecogramme. - Bestimmungsschlüssel = Identification key = Clé d'identification. - Charakterisierung der Makroreste = Description of the macro-remains = Description des macrorestes. - Weitere Makroreste = Further macro-remains = Autres macrorestes. - Literatur = Literature = Litterature. - Index der Arten = Index of species = Index des espèces. , Text dt., engl. u. franz.

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Vorwort. - 1. Wasserkreislauf, Wassermengen und Eigenschaften des Wassers. - 1.1. Herkunft des Wassers auf dem Festlande. - 1.2. Wassermengen auf der Erde. - 1.3. Wichtige Eigenschaften des Wassers. - 2. Flüsse. - 2.1. Fluß und Flußsystem. - 2.1.1. Bildung von Flüssen. - 2.1.2. Wichtige Begriffe aus der Flußkunde. - 2.1.3. Wichtige flußmorphametrische Begriffe. - 2.2. Gewässersystemarten. - 2.2.1. Normaltyp. - 2.2.2. Jungmoränentyp. - 2.2.3. Fossiler Inlandeisrandtyp im nördlichen Mitteleuropa. - 2.2.4. Trockengebietstyp. - 2.2.5. Karsttyp. - 2.3. Fluß und Relief. - 2.3.1. Fluß- und Talanlage. - 2.3.2. Durchbruchstäler. - 2.3.2.1. Epigenetische Durchbruchstalstrecken. - 2.3.2.2. Antezedente Durchbruchstalstrecken. - 2.3.3. Flußanzapfungen und Überschüttung von Wasserscheiden. - 2.3.4. Gewässer und Relief im Jungmoränenland. - 2.3.4.1. Phasen der Flußentwicklung im Jungmoränengebiet. - 2.3.4.2. Phasen der Seenentwicklung im Jungmoränengebiet. - 2.3.4.3. Ineinandergreifen beider Entwicklungsreihen. - 2.4. Abfluß und Schwankungen des Abflusses. - 2.4.1. Erfassung des Wasserstandes und Abflusses. - 2.4.1.1. Wasserstandsmessung. - 2.4.1.2. Abflußmessung. - 2.4.1.3. Abflußkurve und Abflußtafel. - 2.4.1.4. Hydrologisches Jahr und hydrologische Hauptzahlen. - 2.4.2. Abfluß und Abflußschwankungen. - 2.4.2.1. Hochwasser. - 2.4.2.2. Niedrigwasser. - 2.4.3. Eisbildung in Flüssen. - 2.4.4. Materialtransport. - 2.5. Riesenströme und Abfluß von den Kontinenten. - 2.5.1. Ordnung der Stromriesen nach der Lauflänge. - 2.5.2. Rangordnung der Riesenströme nach ihrer Einzugsgebiets- bzw. ihrer Niederschlagsgebietsgröße. - 2.5.3. Mittlerer jährlicher Abfluß der größten Ströme. - 2.5.4. Abflußmäßig größte Flüsse Europas. - 2.5.5. Mittlerer jährlicher Abfluß (MQ) und weitere Abflußdaten (MHQ, MNQ, HHQ und NNQ) von Flüssen der DDR. - 2.5.6. Abfluß von den Kontinenten. - 2.6. Abflußregime. - 2.6.1. Abflußregime und Regimefaktoren. - 2.6.2. Abflußregime nach M. Parde. - 2.6.2.1. Grundlagen der Klassifizierung nach M. Parde. - 2.6.2.2. Übersicht über die Klassifikation der Abflußregime nach M. Parde. - 2.6.2.3. Einige Bemerkungen zur Klassifikation von M. Parde und weiterführende Versuche. - 3. Seen. - 3.1. Seenverbreitung. - 3.1.1. Seen in ehemaligen und heutigen Inlandeis und Gletschergebieten. - 3.1.2. Seen in Trockengebieten. - 3.1.3. Seen in Vulkangebieten und Bereichen junger Erdkrustenbewegungen. - 3.1.4. Seen in Karst- und Auslaugungsgebieten. - 3.1.5. Seen in breiten Flußebenen. - 3.1.6. Seen an Ausgleichsküsten. - 3.2. Seebeckenentstehung. - 3.2.1. Glazialbecken. - 3.2.1.1. Seebecken im Bereich heutiger Gebirgsvergletscherung oder Inlandeisbedeckung. - 3.2.1.2. Seebecken im Abtragungsbereich letzteiszeitlicher Vergletscherung und Inlandeisbedeckung. - 3.2.1.3. Seebecken im Aufschüttungsbereich letzteiszeitlicher Inlandeisbedeckung und Vergletscherung. - 3.2.2. Bergsturz- und Erdrutschbecken. - 3.2.3. Tektonisch und vulkanisch angelegte Becken. - 3.2.4. Windwirkungsbecken. - 3.2.5. Lösungs- und Auslaugungsbecken, Abdämmung durch Sinterbildung. - 3.2.6. Becken fluvialen Ursprungs. - 3.2.7. Becken an Küsten. - 3.2.8. Becken pflanzlichen und tierischen Ursprungs. - 3.2.9. Anthropogen (durch die menschliche Gesellschaft) geschaffene Becken. - 3.2.10. Meteoritenfallbecken. - 3.3. Gestaltung, Verlandung und Form der Seebecken. - 3.4. Wasserhaushalt von Seen. - 3.5. Dichtemaximum und temperaturabhängige Schichtung des Wassers. - 3.6. Zirkulation und Stagnation. - 3.7. Thermische Seetypen. - 3.8. Biologische Seetypen. - 4. Unterirdisches Wasser (von Josef Saratka). - 4.1. Arten des unterirdischen Wassers. - 4.2. Hydrogeologische Eigenschaften der Gesteine. - 4.3. Bildung des unterirdischen Wassers. - 4.4. Zehrung des unterirdischen Wassers. - 4.5. Einige wichtige geohydrologische Begriffe. - 4.6. Grundwasserbewegung. - 4.7. Grundwasserstandsschwankungen. - 4.8. Unterirdisches Wasser in Klüften und Spalten, auf Schichtflächen und in Karsthohlräumen. - 4.9. Quellen und Grundwasserblänken. - 4.10. Mineralwässer- Säuerlinge - Thermalwässer. - 5. Gletscher. - 5.1. Inlandeis- und Gletscherverbreitung sowie Mächtigkeiten. - 5.2. Gletscherbildung. - 5.2.1. Schneegrenzen und Firnlinie. - 5.2.2. Metamorphose (Umwandlung) des Schnees in Gletschereis. - 5.3. Gletschertypen. - 5.3.1. Geomorphologische Einteilung der Gletscher. - 5.3.2. Gletschertypen - im Sinne einer einheitlichen Terminologie (nach H.-J. Schneider). - 5.3.3. Geophysikalische Einteilung der Gletscher (nach H. W. Ahlmann und M. Lagally). - 5.3.4. Einteilung der Gletscher nach dem dynamischen Zustand (nach H. W. Ahlmann). - 5.4. Gletscherbewegung und -gefüge. - 5.4.1. Gletscherbewegung. - 5.4.2. Gletschergefüge. - 5.5. Gletscherhaushalt und Gletscherschwankungen. - 5.5.1. Gletscherhaushalt. - 5.5.2. Gletscherschwankungen. - 6. Wasserkreislauf und Wasserhaushaltsbilanz. - 6.1. Erforschung von Wasserkreislauf und Wasserhaushaltsbilanz. - 6.2. Wichtige Begriffe. - 6.3. Wasserhaushaltsgleichung für die Erde. - 6.4. Erfassung der Wasserhaushaltselemente. - 6.4.1. Niederschlag auf die Landflächen der Erde (N L). - 6.4.2. Abfluß von den Landflächen der Erde (AL). - 6.4.3. Verdunstung von den Landflächen (VL). - 6.4.4. Verdunstung von den Meeresflächen (VM). - 6.4.5. Niederschlag auf die Meeresflächen (NM). - 6.5. Wasserkreislauf und Wasserhaushaltsbilanz der Erde. - 6.5.1. Wasserhaushaltsbilanzen für die Erde. - 6.5.2. Wasserkreislauf und Wasserhaushaltsbilanz der Erde. - Literaturauswahl.

Note: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Topography and hydrography. - Climate, glaciation, permafrost. - Notes on the scientific exploration of the area. - Sea level changes. - C-14 dates on shell material, corrections and errors. - Marine limits. - Emergence curves. - Marine faunas. - Glaciation history. - Pleistocene glaciation. - The Milne Land Moraines. - Glacial retreat, the Rødefjord stages. - Glacial readvance. - Climatic implications. - Comparison with other areas. - Pollen analytical investigations. - Field methods. - Lake sediments. - C-14 dates of lake sediments and rates of sedimentation. - Pollen preparation and calculation procedures. - Pollen identification. - Description of sites and pollen diagrams. - Notes on the present vegetation. - Discussion and reconstruction of vegetation types. - Plant immigration and climatic change. - Summary of the vegetation history. - Comparison with other areas. - General notes on the climatic development. - Acknowledgements. - References.

Note: Contents Preface Acknowledgements 1 Introduction Terms and abbreviations 2 The biogeographlcal setting Geology, physiography, and surface materials The structural framework Pleistocene geology Bioclimates Arctic and its three subzones Subarctic zone Boreal zone Eastern temperate zone Grassland zone Pacific and Cordilleran zones 3 Autecology and pollen representation Introduction Transcontinental, primarily boreal taxa Eastern, primarily temperate taxa Pacific-Cordilleran taxa Arctic taxa Modern regional pollen spectra The Western Interior The eastern plains transect The Pacific-Cordilleran transect General comments on the modern pollen spectra 4 Full-glacial refugla The southern refugia Pacific-Cordilleran refugia Interior plains and eastern region The Beringian refugia 5 Eastern Canada-fossil record and reconstruction Introduction The late glacial - 12,700 to 10,000 yr BP Southern Quebec and New Brunswick Maritime Canada The Great Lakes Basin Vegetation reconstruction The Holocene - 10,000 yr BP to the present Southern Quebec and New Brunswick The Maritimes, Labrador, and Northern Quebec The Great Lakes Vegetation reconstruction Boreal region 6 The Western Interior Sites near the forest-grassland transition Sites within the modern boreal forest Sites near the modern forest-tundra boundary 7 Pacific-Cordilleran region Southern Pacific zone Southern Cordilleran zone Northern Pacific zone Northern Cordilleran zone 8 Vegetation reconstruction and palaeoenvironments Introduction Origins and history Eastern temperate forests Boreal forest Grasslands and parklands Pacific-Cordilleran complex Tundra (arctic) Palaeoenvironmental controls Climate The Milankovitch model Full-glacial conditions Late-glacial and Holocene Fire Pathogens Paludification Problems for the future Climate disequilibrium Spatial resolution Pollen source area Concluding comments Appendix References Index

Note: J.S. Daly, R.A. Cliff, and B.W.D. Yardley: Preface / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:vii-viii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.01 --- E. J. Essene: The current status of thermobarometry in metamorphic rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:1-44, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.02 --- L. Ya. Aranovich and K. K. Podlesskii: Geothermobarometry of high-grade metapelites: simultaneously operating reactions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:45-61, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.03 --- Frank S. Spear: Relative thermobarometry and metamorphic P-T, paths / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:63-81, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.04 --- R. H. Vernon: Porphyroblast-matrix microstructural relationships: recent approaches and problems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:83-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.05 --- John Ridley: Vertical movement in orogenic belts and the timing of metamorphism relative to deformation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:103-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.06 --- R. A. Jamieson and C. Beaumont: Deformation and metamorphism in convergent orogens: a model for uplift and exhumation of metamorphic terrains / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:117-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.07 --- Peter K. Zeitler: The geochronology of metamorphic processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:131-147, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.08 --- James J. Irwin, Charles Kirschbaum, Tek. H. Lim, Derek Powell, and William E. Glassley: A laser-microprobe study of argon isotopes in deformed pegmatites from the Northern Highlands of Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:149-160, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.09 --- A. Reuter and R. D. Dallmeyer: K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating of cleavage formed during very low-grade metamorphism: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:161-171, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.10 --- Hanan J. Kisch: Discordant relationship between degree of very low-grade metamorphism and the development of slaty cleavage / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:173-185, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.11 --- J. J. De Yoreo, D. R. Lux, and C. V. Guidotti: The role of crustal anatexis and magma migration in the thermal evolution of regions of thickened continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:187-202, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.12 --- C. P. Chamberlain and Douglas Rumble III: The influence of fluids on the thermal history of a metamorphic terrain: New Hampshire, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:203-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.13 --- Howard W. Day and C. Page Chamberlain: Implications of thermal and baric structure for controls on metamorphism: northern New England, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:215-222, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.14 --- L. Aguirre, B. Levi, and J. O. Nyström: The link between metamorphism, volcanism and geotectonic setting during the evolution of the Andes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:223-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.15 --- T. M. Gordon: Thermal evolution of the Kisseynew sedimentary gneiss belt, Manitoba: metamorphism at an early Proterozoic accretionary margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:233-243, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.16 --- Peter H. Thompson: An empirical model for metamorphic evolution of the Archaean Slave Province and adjacent Thelon Tectonic Zone, north-western Canadian Shield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:245-263, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.17 --- Amalbikash Mukherjee: P-T-time history and thermal modelling of an anorthosite-granulite interface, Eastern Ghats metamorphic belt, India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:265-274, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.18 --- Leonid L. Perchuk: P-T-fluid regimes of metamorphism and related magmatism with specific reference to the granulite-facies Sharyzhalgay complex of Lake Baikal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:275-291, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.19 --- D. Ackermand, B. F. Windley, and A. Razafiniparany: The Precambrian mobile belt of southern Madagascar / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:293-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.20 --- I. Cartwright and A. C. Barnicoat: Evolution of the Scourian complex / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:297-301, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.21 --- M. A. H. Maboko, I. McDougall, and P. K. Zeitler: Metamorphic P-T path of granulites in the Musgrave Ranges, central Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:303-307, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.22 --- Eileen McLellan, Daniel Linder, and Jenny Thomas: Multiple granulite-facies events in the southern Appalachians, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:309-314, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.23 --- James M. McLelland: Pre-granulite-facies metamorphism in the Adirondack Mountains, New York / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:315-317, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.24 --- F. Mengel and T. Rivers: Thermotectonic evolution of proterozoic and reworked Archaean terranes along the Nain-Churchill boundary in the Saglek Area, northern Labrador / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:319-324, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.25 --- Motoyoshi Yoichi, Satoshi Matsubara, and Hiroharu Matsueda: P-T evolution of the granulite-facies rocks of the Lützow-Holm Bay region, East Antarctica / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:325-329, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.26 --- H. R. Rollinson: Garnet—orthopyroxene thermobarometry of granulites from the north marginal zone of the Limpopo belt, Zimbabwe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:331-335, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.27 --- Volker Schenk: P-T-t path of the lower crust in The Hercynian fold belt of southern Calabria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:337-342, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.28 --- Daniel Vielzeuf and Christian Pin: Geodynamic implications of granulitic rocks in the Hercynian belt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:343-348, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.29 --- R. G. Warren and B. J. Hensen: The P-T evolution of the Proterozoic Arunta Block, central Australia, and Implications for tectonic evolution / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:349-355, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.30 --- D. J. Waters: Metamorphic evidence for the heating and cooling path of Namaqualand granulites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:357-363, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.31 --- I. S. Buick and T. J. B. Holland: The P-T-t path associated with crustal extension, Naxos, Cyclades, Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:365-369, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.32 --- M. Franceschelli, I. Memmi, F. Pannuti, and C. A. Ricci: Diachronous metamorphic equilibria in the Hercynian basement of northern Sardinia, Italy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:371-375, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.33 --- P. K. Verma: The Himalayan metamorphism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:377-383, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.34 --- A. J. Barker and M. W. Anderson: The Caledonian structural—metamorphic evolution of south Troms, Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:385-390, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.35 --- Kevin W. Burton, Alan P. Boyle, Wendy L. Kirk, and Roger Mason: Pressure, temperature and structural evolution of the Sulitjelma fold-nappe, central Scandinavian Caledonides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:391-411, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.36 --- A. H. N. Rice, R.

Note: Contents: Preface / Olav Orheim. - General report of the expedition / Olav Orheim. - Geodetic-topographic measurements in Dronning Maud Land and Bouvetøya / Trond Eiken & Knut Svendsen. - Ornithological investigations in Mühlig-Hofmannfjella, Dronning Maud Land / Fridtjof Mehlum, Claus Bech & Svein Haftorn. - Geology of Gjelsvikfjella and Western Mühlig-Hofmannfjella / Yoshihide Ohta & Bjørn Tørudbakken. - Botany of Gjelsvikfjella and Mühlig-Hofmannfjella, Dronning Maud Land / Torstein Engelskjøn. - Terrestrial invertebrates of Mühlig-Hofmannfjella / Lauritz Sømme. - Meteorological and glaciological studies in Dronning Maud Land / Yngvar Gjessing. - Geological and paleomagnetic research in Vestfjella, Dronning Maud Land / Harald Furnes & Reidar Løvlie. - Sedimentological research in northwestern part of Dronning Maud Land / Snorre Olaussen. - Geomorphological and glaciological observations in Vestfjella, Dronning Maud Land / Stig Jonsson. - Geophysical studies in the southern Weddell Sea / Kristen Haugland & Yngve Kristoffersen. - Marine geological studies on the Weddell Sea shelf / Anders Solheim & Yngve Kristoffersen. - Radiolaria in surface plankton collected on trans-Atlantic crossing of NARE 1984/85 / Kjell R. Bjørklund. - Hydrographic observations on the southern Weddell Sea shelf break / Arne Foldvik & Tor Gammelsrød. - Iceberg research and other glaciological studies from K/V "Andenes" / Monica Kristensen & Olav Orheim.

Note: Contents Table 1 Daily records Table 2 Extreme temperatures Table 3 Montly means Table 4 Mean temperature in the years 1775-1975 Table 5 Daily means of extreme temperatures Table 6 Relative frequency of daily maximum temperature in months Table 7 Relative frequency of daily minimum temperature Table 8 Relative frequency of relative humidity Table 9 Relative frequency of pressure Table 10 Relative frequency of wind Table 11 Relative frequency of cloud amount Table 12 Relative frequency of daily rainfall Table 13 Statistical characteristics of daily observations Table 14 Monthly means in 5 years periods Table 15 Monthly means in 10 years periods Table 16 Monthly means in 50 years periods Table 17 Monthly means of statistical characteristics in the years 1776-1975 Table 18 Monthly means of statistical characteristics in 5 years periods Table 19 Monthly means of statistical characteristics in 10 years periods Table 20 Monthly means of statistical characteristics in 50 years periods Table 21 Mean daily temperature corresponding to the percent of the exceeding probability , In tschechischer, russischer und englischer Sprache

Note: Inhalt: EINFÜHRUNG. - DIE LUFTHÜLLE DER ERDE. - Moderne Methoden zur Erforschung der Atmosphäre. - Aerologische Beobachtungen. - Erstes Vordringen des Menschen in den Luftozean. - Meteorologische Raketen und künstliche Erdsatelliten. - Neue Erkenntnisse über die Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre. - Der Luftdruck. - Der Aufbau der Atmosphäre. - ÜBER DIE SONNENEINSTRAHLUNG. - Die Sonnenenergie. - Das Strahlungsgleichgewicht. - Die direkte und die diffuse Sonnenstrahlung. - Die Wärmebilanz der Erdoberfläche und der Atmosphäre. - Der Glashauseffekt. - Die Nutzung der Sonnenenergie. - Die Temperaturverhältnisse in der Stratosphäre und Mesosphäre. - DIE LUFTTEMPERATUR. - Die mittlere Lufttemperatur. - Die Temperaturamplitude in der bodennahen Luftschicht. - Der Einfluß von Land und Meer auf die Temperatur in der bodennahen Luftschicht. - Die Lufttemperatur über Land und Meer. - Die Lufttemperatur in niederen und hohen Breiten. - Die Lufttemperatur in höheren Schichten der Atmosphäre. - Die unterschiedliche physikalische Beschaffenheit der Troposphäre. - Die Veränderung von Luftschichtungen und deren Einfluß auf den Wetterverlauf. - Die Lufttemperaturen in der Troposphäre und Stratosphäre. - Der Wärmeaustausch zwischen unteren und hohen Schichten - Die Wärmeübertragung durch Meeresströmungen. - LUFTDRUCK UND WIND. - Die Entstehung des Windes. - Kräfte, die in der Atmosphäre wirksam sind, und ihr Einfluß auf den Wind. - Monatsmittelkarten der Druck- und Strömungsverteilung an der Erdoberfläche. - Beziehungen zwischen dem Temperatur-, Druck- und Windfeld in der Höhe. - TROPOSPHÄRISCHE FRONTEN UND FRONTALZONEN - ATMOSPHÄRISCHE WIRBEL. - Die Entstehung von Frontalzonen und Fronten. - Das Wetter beim Durchzug von Fronten. - Gewaltige atmosphärische Wirbel - Zyklonen und Antizyklonen. - Die Entstehung und Entwicklung von Zyklonen und Antizyklonen. - Tropische Zyklonen. - Kleinräumige atmosphärische Wirbel. - ORKANARTIGE HÖHENWINDE - STRAHLSTRÖME. - Höhenfrontalzonen und Strahlströme. - Der Zusammenhang zwischen Temperaturfeld und Strahlstrom. - Einige Merkmale von Strahlströmen über Europa und dem asiatischen Territorium der UdSSR. - Die Häufigkeit von Strahlströmen über der Nordhalbkugel. - Die Entstehung von Strahlströmen. - DIE ALLGEMEINE ZIRKULATION IN DER ATMOSPHÄRE. - Die Entdeckungsgeschichte der planetarischen Zirkulation. - Grundgrößen der allgemeinen Zirkulation. - Die Luftzirkulation in außertropischen Breiten. - Passate. - Monsune. - Modelle der allgemeinen Zirkulation in der Atmosphäre. - BEWÖLKUNG UND NIEDERSCHLÄGE. - Die Wolkenbildung. - Die Wolkenklassifikation. - Die Mikrophysik der Wolken. - Der Wasserkreislauf in der Atmosphäre. - Verdunstung und Niederschläge in begrenzten Gebieten. - Die planetarischen Niederschläge. - WETTERPROGNOSEN. - Wetter und Klima. - Kurzfristige Wetterprognosen. - Numerische Methoden der Wetterprognose. - Langfristige Wetterprognosen. - Besonderheiten des Aufbaus der Atmosphäre über Osteuropa und Westsibirien am 2. Mai 1965. - Wetterprognosen anhand örtlicher Erscheinungen und Wetterzeichen. - PROBLEME DER WETTER- UND KLIMAVERÄNDERUNG. - Künstliche Wetter- und Klimabeeinflussung. - Künstliche Einwirkung auf Wolken und Nebel. - Die Beeinflussung des Klimas in der bodennahen Luftschicht. - KLIMASCHWANKUNGEN UND KLIMAÄNDERUNGEN. - Die Merkmale des Klimas. - Derzeitige Hypothesen über Klimaänderungen. - Klimaänderungen der Erde in verschiedenen geologischen Epochen. - Klimaänderungen in der Vergangenheit. - Über Klimaänderungen in der nächsten Zukunft. - Der Einfluß der Städte auf Ihre Atmosphäre. , Aus dem Russischen übersetzt

Note: Zugl.: Kiel, Univ. Diss., 1987

Note: Table of Contents: Copyright; Additional copies. - Foreword and acknowledgements. - Chapter 1. Cosmochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements: Condensation and Evaporation Processes / by William V. Boynton. - Introduction. - Meteorites. - Astrophysical context for interpretation of cosmochemical data. - Solar nebula. - Solar abundances. - Cosmochemical properties of the REE. - REE condensation reactions. - Activity coefficients. - Partial pressures. - Solid / gas distribution coefficients. - Why are the REE volatilities so different?. - Calculated REE patterns. - Early condensates. - Removing REE in the gas. - Comparison with meteoritic data. - Ultra-refractory component. - Group II inclusions. - FUN inclusions. - REE condensation as a function of oxygen fugacity. - Rims on CAI. - What have we learned from the REE?. - High temperatures were achieved in the solar nebula. - A very efficient mechanism for gas/dust separation existed in the solar nebula. - The high nebular temperatures existed for a long time. - A very intense, very brief, heat source also existed. - The solar nebula was a chaotic environment. - Summary. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 2. Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements / by P. Jonathan Patchett. - Introduction. - Long-lived radioactive isotopes of Rare Earth Elements. - 138La-138Ce decay. - 147Sm-143Nd decay. - 176Lu-176Hf decay. - Cemical variations of La/Ce, Sm/Nd and Lu/Hf ratios. - Geochronological studies. - La-Ce and Lu-Hf chronology. - Sm-Nd chronology. - Defining bulk planetary isotopic evolution. - Isotopic study of planetary interiors. - The Moon. - The Earth. - Nd isotopes in studies of terrestrial crustal evolution. - Model Nd ages of continental crust. - Growth curves for the continental crust. - Origin of granitoids. - Nd isotopes and the sedimentary system. - Characterization of whole crustal terranes. - Crustal Lu-Hf isotopic studies. - Major unsolved problems. - Continental crustal growth curve. - Abundance of Archean continental crust. - Origin of mantle isotopic variations. - References. - Chapter 3. Partitioning of Rare Earth Elements between Major Silicate Minerals and Basaltic Melts / by Gordon A. McKay. - Introduction. - Usefulness of the REE for petrogenetic modelling. - Scope of this chapter. - Caveat. - How partition coefficients are measured. - Phenocryst/matrix studies of natural samples. - Experimental measurement of partition coefficients. - Basic experimental approach. - Equilibrium. - Percent level doping technique. - Beta-track mapping technique. - Other experimental approaches. - Henry's law: The applicability of percent-level doping results. - Factors governing mineral/melt partitioning. - Ionic size and charge of trace element. - Crystal field effects. - Cristallographic versus defect sites: The Henry's law question. - Phase compositions. - Oxidation state. - Thermodynamic relationships: Dependence of partitioning on temperature and composition. - Other predictive approaches. - Special applications. - Eu as an oxygen fugacity indicator. - Origin of the Eu anomaly in lunar mare basalts. - REE partition coefficient patterns for the major minerals. - Plagioclase. - Olivine. - Pyroxene. - Low-Ca pyroxene. - High-Ca pyroxene. - Garnet. - Future directions. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 4. An Approach to Trace Element Modeling Using a Simple Igneous System as an Example / by Gilbert N. Hanson. - Introduction. - Review of trace element equations. - Melting. - Fractional crystallization. - Melting versus fractional crystallization. - Essential structural constituents. - Example of petrogenetic approach. - Discussion and summary. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 5. Rare Earth Elements in Upper Mantle Rocks / by W. F. McDonough and Fredrick A. Frey. - Introduction. - Massive peridotites. - Massive peridotites: dominantly lherzolite Western Alps - Lanzo. - Western Alps -Baldissero, Balmuccia. - Eastern Liguria, Italy. - Western Liguria, Italy. - Eastern Pyrenees - France. - Ronda, Spain Effects of late stage alteration on REE. - What can be inferred about the melting process and the segregated melts?. - Massive peridotites: pyroxenite layers and veins and their wall rocks. - Amphibole-bearing pyroxenite veins. - Anhydrous pyroxenite layers. - How were the pyroxenite layers created? Evidence for multistage processes. - Implications for mantle enrichment processes (metasomatism). - Massive peridotites: dominantly harzburgite. - Oceanic peridotites. - Ultramafic xenoliths. - Group I spinel peridotites. - Garnet peridotites. - Pyroxenite and related xenoliths. - Models for REE abundance trends in peridotite xenoliths. - Megacrysts, minerals in xenoliths and damong inclusions. - Megacrysts. - Minerals in peridotites and pyroxenites. - Inclusions in diamonds. - Summary: comparison of peridotites from massifs and xenoliths and implications of REE data for Upper Mantle composition. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 6. Rare Earth Elements in Metamorphic Rocks / by Richard I. Grauch. - Introduction. - REE residence in metamorphic rocks. - REE mobility during metamorphism. - REE content of metamorphic rocks. - Suggestions for future work. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 7. Rare Earth Elements in Sedimentary Rocks: Influence of Provenance and Sedimentary Processes / by Scott M. McLennan. - Introduction. - Rare earth element properties and sedimentary rocks. - Cosmochemical considerations. - Geochemical considerations. - Aqueous geochemistry. - Normalizing and notation. - Sedimentary processes. - Weathering. - Diagenesis. - Sedimentary sorting. - REE and provenance studies. - Sedimentary rocks and crustal abundances. - Sedimentation and plate tectonics. - Archean sedimentary rocks and the Archean crust. - Archean greenstone belts. - REE in sedimentary rocks and crustal evolution. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 8. Aqueous Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements / by Douglas G. Brookins. - Introduction. - The trivalent lanthanides (Ln III). - Types of complexes in solution. - Hydrolysis products. - Phosphate complexes. - Carbonate complexes. - Halide complexes. - Complexes with total dissolved sulfur. - Gadolinium-Terbium fractionation?. - Scandium and Yttrium. - Europium (II). - Cerium (IV). - Eh-pH diagrams. - Cerium. - Europium. - Other lanthanides. - Lanthanides in ocean waters. - Lanthanides and actinides. - Concluding remarks. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 9. Rare Earth Elements in Lunar Materials / by Larry A. Haskin. - Introduction. - The nature of planet moon. - The magma ocean hypothesis and its presumed products. - Lunar REE patterns. - Highland plutonic rocks. - Anorthosites. - Durâtes, troctolites, norites, and gabbros. - Lunar felsite (granite). - Highland volcanic rocks: KREEP. - Mare basalts. - Mare basalt sources as magma ocean products. - Assimilation of crusted material during basalt petrogenesis. - Glassy spherules. - Soils and breccias. - Caveat. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 10. Compositional and Phase Relations among Rare Earth Element Minerals / by Donald M. Burt. - Introduction. - Geochemical background. - Minerals. - Coupled substitutions. - Vector treatment. - Application to selected mineral groups. - Fluorides. - Carbonates. - Fluorocarbonates. - Monazite, xenotime, zircon, and related phases. - Apatites. - Florencite and related phases. - A-B oxides (niobates, tantalates, titanates, ferrites). - Fergusonitelbetafergusonite, ABO4. - Perovskite, ABO3. - Aeschyniteleuxenite, AB2O6. - Pyrochlore, A1-2B2O6(O,F,OH). - Allanite. - Titanite. - Garnet. - Gadolinite. - Chevkinite/perrierite. - Element distributions: acid-base relations. - Summary. - Acknowledgemen

Note: Teilweise in deutscher, englischer, französischer, russischer und spanischer Sprache

Note: Chapter 1. Thermodynamic Analysis of Phase Equilibria in Simple Mineral Systems by Robert C. Newton, p. 1 - 34 Chapter 2. Models of Crystalline solutions by Alexandra Navrotsky, p. 35 - 70 Chapter 3. Thermodynamics of Multicomponent Systems Containing Several Solid Solutions by Bernard J. Wood, p. 71 - 96 Chapter 4. Thermodynamic Model for Aqueous Solutions of Liquid-like Density by Kenneth S. Pitzer, p. 97 - 142 Chapter 5. Models of Mineral Solubility in Concentrated Brines with Application to Field Observations by John H. Weare, p. 143 - 176 Chapter 6. Calculation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Species and the Solubilities of Minerals in Supercritical Electrolyte Solutions by Dimitri A. Sverjensky, p. 177 - 210 Chapter 7. Igneous Fluids by John R. Holloway, p. 211 - 234 Chapter 8. Ore Fluids: Magmatic to Supergene by George H. Brimhall and David A. Crerar, p. 235 - 322 Chapter 9. Thermodynamic Models of Molecular Fluids at the Elevated Pressures and Temperatures of Crustal Metamorphism by John M. Ferry and Lukas Baumgartner, p. 323 - 366 Chapter 10. Mineral Solubilities and Speciation in Supercritical Metamorphic Fluids by Hans P. Eugster and Lukas Baumgartner, p. 367 - 404 Chapter 11. Development of Models for Multicomponent Melts: Analysis of Synthetic Systems by Rober G. Berman and Thomas H. Brown, p. 405 - 442 Chapter 12. Modeling Magmatic Systems: Thermodynamic Relations by Mark S. Ghiorso, p. 443 - 466 Chapter 13. Modeling Magmatic Systems: Petrologic Applications by Mark S. Ghiorso and Ian S.E. Carmichael, p. 467 - 500

Note: Articles Introductory remarks on the transport problem W. S. Fyfe https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.01 Model of hydrothermal ore genesis J. W. Elder https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.02 Identification of ore-deposition environment from trace-element geochemistry of associated igneous host rocks J. A. Pearce and G. H. Gale https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.03 Identification of the origin of oreforming solutions by the use of stable isotopes S. M. F. Sheppard https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.04 Hydrogen and oxygen isotope evidence for sea-water-hydrothermal alteration and ore deposition, Troodos complex, Cyprus T. H. E. Heaton and S. M. F. Sheppard https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.05 Hydrodynamic model for the origin of the ophiolitic cupriferous pyrite ore deposits of Cyprus E. T. C. Spooner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.06 Origin and emplacement of ophiolites I. G. Gass https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.07 Hydrothermal alteration of the basaltic lavas of the Troodos Ophiolite Complex associated with the formation of the massive sulphide deposits G. Constantinou https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.08 Rare-earth element evidence for the genesis of the metalliferous sediments of Troodos, Cyprus A. H. F. Robertson and A. J. Fleet https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.09 Modern submarine hydrothermal mineralization: examples from Santorini and the Red Sea D. S. Cronan, P. A. Smith, and R. D. Bignell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.10 Mineralization at destructive plate boundaries: a brief review M. S. Garson and A. H. G. Mitchell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.11 Porphyry copper deposits J. P. Hunt https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.12 Metallic mineralization affiliated to subaerial volcanism: a review R. H. Sillitoe https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.13 Igneous geology and the evolution of hydrothermal systems in some sub-volcanic tin deposits of Bolivia J. N. Grant, C. Halls, W. Avila, and G. Avila https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.14 Occurrence, origin and significance of mechanically transported sulphide ores at Buchans, Newfoundland J. G. Thurlow https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.15 Geological setting of the Skorovas orebody within the allochthonous volcanic stratigraphy of the Gjersvik Nappe, central Norway C. Halls, A. Reinsbakken, I. Ferriday, A. Haugen, and A. Rankin https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.16 The Planes-San Antonio pyritic deposit of Rio Tinto, Spain: its nature, environment and genesis D. Williams, R. L. Stanton, and F. Rambaud https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.17 Kuroko deposits: their geology, geochemistry and origin Takeo Sato https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.18 Stable isotope studies on Bougainville and in Matupi Harbour, New Britain, Papua New Guinea J. H. Ford, D. C. Green, J. R. Hulston, I. H. Crick, and S. M. F. Sheppard https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.19 Volcanogenic mineralization at Avoca, Co. Wicklow, Ireland, and its regional implications J. W. Platt https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.20 Discussion https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.21

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Conversion factors: Metric (SI) to U.S. customary units of measurement Introduction Selection of experimental approach Previous investigations of effect of freeze-thaw on soil deform ability Selection of laboratory test method Selection of method of field validation tests Field repeated-load plate-bearing tests Test pavements, soils and materials Test procedures and results Resilient modulus of subgrade calculated from field tests Mathematical model Characterization of asphalt concrete Characterization of frozen silt Calculated resilient modulus of silt within the zone of freezing Laboratory repeated-load triaxial tests Specimens, equipment and testing procedures Apparatus Procedures Resilient properties calculated from laboratory tests Calculation methods Asphalt concrete - test results Asphalt concrete - statistical analysis and discussion Silt - test results Silt - statistical analysis Discussion and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Repeated-load plate-bearing test results Appendix B. Laboratory repeated-load triaxial test results Appendix C. Regression equation coefficients for resilient modulus and Poisson’s ratio from repeated-load triaxial test data on asphalt concrete and silt Appendix D. Detailed procedures for repeated-load triaxial testing

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction and statement of problem Review of relevant analyses and tests Determination of the largest ice force on an isolated structure Preliminary remarks The buckling analysis of a floating wedge Proposed method to determine Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Previous work Methods and results Methods of analysis Salinity-chlorophyll a associations Discussion Comparison of ice and water column standing crops Estimated mass of ice associated chl. a Mechanism of ice algae formation in the Weddell Sea Differences between the biological environments of fast and drifting pack ice Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Species variations - ice and water column

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Background Experimental design Similitude considerations The model Model operation Results Velocity Fence height Porosity Model correlation Summary and conclusions Recommeqdations for future work Literature cited Appendix A

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S.customary to metric units of measurement Introduction Freeze-thaw system Construction materials Controlled environment test section Outdoor sections Temperature monitoring instrumentation Repetitive plate bearing test apparatus Test results and analyses Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Sampling and analytical procedures Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Introduction Theory Solution by superposition Solution by Fourier integral Solution by Fourier series Application and results Literature cited Appendix A: Bearing capacity of river ice for military vehicles Appendix B: Vehicle specifications Appendix C: Fortran II computer program

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test procedure Test program Test samples Number of test for determining strength index Effect of temperature Effect of sample length Effect of load point size Tests on snow Discussion Recommendations Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: US, customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Introduction Infrared camera Core samples State House State House Annex State Library Legislative Office Building Public Health Complex Highway Garage Fish and Game Offlces Supreme Court John O. Morton Building Department of Health and Welfare Laboratory Economics of roof reinsulation Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Foreword Introduction Terminology Principles of cutting Forces acting on a single cutter Theoretical Ideas on cutting Experimental data on cutting forces Effect of chipping depth on tool forces Effect of rake angle on tool forces Effect of relief angle on cutting forces Effect of side rake on tool forces Effect of base angle or face profile on tool forces Effect of rounding at the cutting edge Effect of tool width on cutting forces Tool compliance and force fluctuations Effect of tool speed on cutting forces Effect of rock properties on cutting forces Tool interaction and kerf spacing Effect of multiple pass cutting on tool forces Effect of tool wear on cutting forces Development of wear Energetics of cutting Energetics of parallel-motion tools Variation of specific energy with chipping depth for a single tool Effect of rake angle on specific energy Effect of relief angle on specific energy Effect of side rake on specific energy Effect of base angle or face profile on specific energy Effect of tip radius on specific energy Effect of tool width on specific energy Effect of tool speed on specific energy Variation of specific energy with rock properties Effect of kerf spacing on specific energy Effect of multiple pass cutting on specific energy Effect of tool wear on specific energy General summary Literature cited Appendix Α. Additional data for ice Appendix Β. Conversion factors: U.S. customary and metric units of measurement