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  • 1
    Call number: S 90.0065(5)
    In: Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 119 S.
    ISBN: 392754177X
    Series Statement: Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen : Reihe D, Geoinformatik 5
    Classification:
    A.1.1.
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 2
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/5
    In: CRREL Report, 78-5
    Description / Table of Contents: The viscoelastic deflection of an infinite floating ice plate subjected to a circular load was solved, assuming the Maxwell-Voigt type four-element model. An effective method of numerical integration of the solution integrals was developed, of which each integrand contains a product of Bessel functions extending to infinity. The theoretical curve was fitted to the field data, but the material constants thus found varied with time and location.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 32 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-5
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction The problem The solution Method of numerical integration Ramp/steady loading Curve fitting to time lapse deflections Asymptotic deflection Deflection profiles Acknowledgement Literature cited Appendix I. Analytical background Appendix II. Computer programs, ramp time profiles and steady time profiles
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  • 3
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/3
    In: CRREL Report, 78-3
    Description / Table of Contents: The mathematical theory for the bearing capacity of river ice for vehicles is presented. The floating ice sheet is assumed to have simple supports at the shore line. Solutions are presented for loads uniformly distributed over circular and rectangular areas. Numerical evaluations are made for a number of vehicles and the results presented in graphical form
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 22 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-3
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Introduction Theory Solution by superposition Solution by Fourier integral Solution by Fourier series Application and results Literature cited Appendix A: Bearing capacity of river ice for military vehicles Appendix B: Vehicle specifications Appendix C: Fortran II computer program
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  • 4
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/1
    In: CRREL Report, 78-1
    Description / Table of Contents: The results of axial double point-load tests on disk samples of snow and ice obtained from the area of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, are presented. They show the effects of temperature, sample length, load point diameter and specific gravity on failure load. It was determined that 13 samples should be tested to obtain a representative mean strength index. The results show that the axial double point-load test has good possibilities as a rapid field test for determining the unconfined comrpessive strength of snow and ice but that further evaluation of the variables affecting test results must be made.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 11 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-1
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test procedure Test program Test samples Number of test for determining strength index Effect of temperature Effect of sample length Effect of load point size Tests on snow Discussion Recommendations Literature cited
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  • 5
    Call number: PIK N 071-92-0720
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 191 S. : zahlr. Ill. und graph. Darst.
    Edition: 1. Aufl.
    ISBN: 3502174202
    Uniform Title: Gaia - the practical science of planetary medicine
    Language: German
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
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  • 6
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/31
    In: CRREL Report, 77-31
    Description / Table of Contents: Ten roofs in Concord, New Hampshire, were surveyed for wet insulation using a hand-held infrared camera. Suspected wet areas were marked on the roof with spray paint and roof samples were obtained to verify wet and dry conditions. Recommendations for maintenance and repair were made based on infrared findings, water contents, and visual examinations. An incremental economic study is presented to serve as a guide in determining the most cost-effective approach.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 29 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-31
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: US, customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Introduction Infrared camera Core samples State House State House Annex State Library Legislative Office Building Public Health Complex Highway Garage Fish and Game Offlces Supreme Court John O. Morton Building Department of Health and Welfare Laboratory Economics of roof reinsulation Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited
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  • 7
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/12
    In: CRREL Report, 77-12
    Description / Table of Contents: A computer program to calculate the increased live load on a snow-covered roof due to rain-on-snow is given. For the 25-year rainstorm falling on a heavy snow load on a flat roof in Hanover, New Hamsphire, and additional 98 kg/m2 (20 lb/ft2) of liquid water is added to the live load. The additional load due to rain-on-snow is very sensitive to the snow properties and characteristics of the roof. A wide range of live loads is possible, depending on the particular circumstances.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-12
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Summary Nomenclature Introduction Water movement through snow Vertical percolation Lateral flow Flat roofs Sloping roofs Rainfall intensity-duration effects Miscellaneous effects Radial flow to drains Flow along gutters on snow-covered roofs Snow structure Basal layer Conclusion Literature citied Appendix A. Computer program calculating roof loads from rain-on-snow
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  • 8
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/10
    In: CRREL Report, 77-10
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: The amount of force that an ice sheet can apply to a vertical pile was tested by lowering a hydraulic ram device into a hole cut in an existing ice sheet. The device had a large base and shoved a relatively narrow vertical pile in a horizontal direction. Test variables were: pile widths - 1.5 in. to 36.7 in.; pile shapes - flat, round, 45 ° and 90° wedges; ice thickness - 2.6 in. to 8.8 in.; and ram speed - 0.07 in./sec to 18.75 in./sec; but not all shapes and sizes were tested at all speeds. Air temperature was 20 ° F (-6.7 ° C). Forces and displacements were measured electronically. The findings are presented as a table of test results and as bar graphs of the resultant ice pressures versus the pile width-to-ice-thickness ratio, pile width and shape combination and pile velocity. The types of failures in the ice sheet were classified as crushing, splitting, buckling, bending, and creeping. The ice sheet generally withstood a high initial load followed by several lower peak load levels. The maximum ice pressure measured was 610 psi for a 12.6-in.-diam round pile in 8.4-in.-thick ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-10
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/8
    In: CRREL Report, 77-8
    Description / Table of Contents: A broadbanded impulse radar system was used for aerial detection of accumulated frazil and brash ice in a 9.5-km reach of the St. Lawrence River near Ogden Island. The remote sensing and data reduction system developed for the project provided data sufficient for production of a contour map having 1-ft intervals. With this contour map, the accumulation pattern of frazil and brash ice could be analyzed. Recommendations are given for improving the performance of the aerial profiling system.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-8
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Background Objectives Profiling system Approach Profiling method Data reduction and interpretation Results Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Comparison of ground and aerial data
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  • 10
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/11
    In: CRREL Report, 77-11
    Description / Table of Contents: Two performance indicators, effectiveness and thermal efficiency, are defined and used to evaluate the year-round performance of three protected membrane roofs in Alaska and New Hampshire. Effectiveness is a measure of the deviations of ceiling temperatures from a yearly average, with large diviations indicating erratic performance in the roofing-insulation system and small departures indicating a thermally stable system. Thermal efficiency, the ratio of calculated heat loss to measured heat loss, is affected by climatic conditions such as rain, snow, solar radiation and wind. Thermal efficiency values of 100% or greater are possible since the calculated heat loss is based only on the inside and outside air temperature differences and the thermal properties of the roof components. Results of the year-round evaluation indicate that the three protected membrane roofs generally have high values of both effectiveness and thermal efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 40 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-11
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S.customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Introduction Location of test sites Fairbanks Anchorage Hanover, N.H. Test program Instrumentation Effectiveness Therma lefficiency Heat balance within the roof Comparisons with conventional systems Conclusions Effectiveness of the test roof Thermal efficiency Heat balance within the roof Applicability Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Temperature and heat flow measurements, Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska, and Hanover, New Hampshire Appendix B. Thermal efficiencies of the test roof, Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska, and Hanover, New Hampshire Appendix C. January 1973 and August 1972 comparisons of protected membrane and conventional built-up membrane systems at Hanover, New Hampshire
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  • 11
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/30
    In: CRREL Report, 77-30
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Ageneral computer model to simulate municipal snow removal has been developed. Programs which aid in the routing of snowplows are a part of this package. Once vehicle routes are created, the simulation program can be used to assess situations varying both equipment and meteorological parameters. Time for each plow to complete its route is calculated. Considerations are made for the above variable parameters plus plowing windrow, route starting depth, overlapping truck routes and intersection delay time. The effects of storm length, snowfall rate and starting depth on total plowing time are examined in a test case.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 7 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-30
    Language: English
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  • 12
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Düsseldorf : Cornelsen Giradet
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 1.2/M 97.0312/2
    In: Handwörterbuch Technik
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Edition: 3., erw. Aufl
    Classification:
    E.5.
    Language: German
    Location: Reading room
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  • 13
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/17
    In: CRREL Report, 78-17
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: This investigation utilized historical and recent aerial photographs and satellite imagery in 1) estimating changes in positions of the high-water line and sea cliff break and base, in rates of accretion and/or erosion, and in volumes of transported sediment, and 2) providing a preliminary evaluation of the direction of littoral transport along the outer Cape Cod coast. Using aerial photographs acquired in 1938, 1952, 1971 and 1974 with manual photointerpretation techniques, changes in the distances from selected reference points to the cliff break, cliff base and the high-water line were measured. LANDSAT-1 and -2 imagery acquired from 1 September 1972 to 28 May 1975 was evaluated for use in determining the directions of littoral transport that are active the predominant amount of time. Although the imagery has been very useful for this purpose at other locations, it proved to be useless along the outer shore of Cape Cod. Largest net migrations of the high water line from 1938 to 1974 occurred in the northern and southern portions of this coast. The northern maximum high water line was 321.4 ft, the southern was 1794.6 ft. The central portion of the coast was generally more stable with changes varying from 6.8 to 157.6 ft. Cliff-base recession rates varied from 0.4 to 7.3 ft/yr. Maximum estimated net volume of sediment deposited per linear foot of beach from 1938 to 1974 was 334 yd^3 (based on 2 yd^3/ft of recession or accretion); maximum eroded was 914 yd^3. Changes in the configuration of spits were used to evaluate directions of littoral transport since suspended sediment concentrations were generally not sufficient to act as natural tracers of surface currents. Based on the literature and a determination of the portion of the coast perpendicular to the direction of dominant wave approach, the location of the nodal zone for predominant littoral directions of drift probably shifts between the area near Spectacle Pond and North Truro Air Force Station. This investigation has illustrated a photo interpretation technique that is useful in performing a reconnaissance of coastal change. The data obtained from this method can be used to supplement those acquired by ground surveys and are valid as first approximations for planning subsequent, more detailed surveys.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 49 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-17
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurement Introduction Background Previous investigations Analytical procedures Results and discussion Shoreline changes: High-water line Shoreline changes: Cliff recession Volumetric changes Nodal zone location and direction of littoral transport Error evaluation Summary and conclusions Future research Selected bibliography Appendix A: Maps of shoreline with overlays for 1938, 1952, 1971 and 1974 Appendix B: Supplementary data for estimating shoreline change
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  • 14
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/19
    In: CRREL Report, 77-19
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, Part VI
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: The report deals with forces and power levels in cutting machines having adisc or drum that rotates about an axis perpendicular to the direction of advance. The forces on individual cutting tools are related to position on the rotor and to characteristics such as tool layout, rotor speed, rotor size, machine advance speed, and rotor torque. Integration leads to expressions for force components acting on the rotor axis, taking into account tool characteristics, cutting depth of the rotor, and rotor torque. These provide estimates of tractive thrust and thrust normal to the primary free surface. For self-propelled machines, this leads to considerations of traction, normal reaction, weight and balance, and power/weight ratios. Specific energy consumption is analyzed and related to machine characteristics and strength ofthe material being cut. Power per unit working area is discussed, and data for existing machines are summarized. Power requirements for ejection ofcuttings are analyzed, and the hydrodynamic resistance on underwater cuttings is treated. A number of worked examples are given to illustrate the principles discussed in the report.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 36 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-19
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Foreword Introduction Terminology Forces on individual cutters Torque force and tool force Forces on the rotor axis Tractive thrust and down thrust Alternative tool force formulations Vehicle traction Power/weight ratio Weight and balance Force, torque, speed and power Specific energy Efficiency and performance index Power density Power requirements for ejection of cuttings Hydrodynamic resistance in underwater cutting
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  • 15
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/17
    In: CRREL Report, 77-17
    Description / Table of Contents: A literature search was made for information on the accretion of ice on ocean structures and on methods for control. The bulk of the reports were in Russian, with some additional Japanese, British, American, Canadian, and Icelandic sources. Analysis of icing reports indicated that sea spray is the most important cause of ship icing, with lesser amounts due to freezing rain, snow, and fog. Icing is a potential danger whenever air temperatures are below the freezing point of water and the sea temperature is 6 C or lower. Theoretical work on the ice accretion process is discussed, and a method is suggested, based on Russian experiments, for calculating the sea spray accumulation rate for cylindrical and flat surfaces as a function of water source temperature, air temperature, and wind speed. Other factors that influence icing severity are ship size and configuration, angle between ship course and water heading, and ship speed. Icing in the north temperate latitudes generally occurs in the rear of barometric depressions. Maps showing limits of various degrees of icing severity are included. Atmospheric icing measurements on tall land-based structures are presented, and potential maximum accumulations estimated. Control measures are discussed, though no completely effective method is available. Mechanical (impaction) methods are the most common, but experiments have been conducted on heated, icephobic, and deformable surfaces, and with freezing point depressants. No device for the unequivocal measurement of ice accumulation is available, though some experimental methods are suitable for controlled testing; it is recommended that a device be developed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 42 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-17
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurements Introduction The freezing proeess Icing observations Geographical distribution of icing and contributing meteorological conditions Extreme icing conditions Extremes of icc accumulation Prediction of icing occurrences Prediction of icing intensity and rate Control methods Measurement of icing rate Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Maps of icing occurrence and rate Appendix B. Data for computing ship icing rates Appendix C. Estimation of ice accumulation
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  • 16
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/14
    In: CRREL Report, 77-14
    Description / Table of Contents: The breakup of the Chena River was observed and documented during the spring of 1975 and 1976. This study attempted to determine the potential for damage to the proposed Chena River flood control dam from ice and debris during breakup. Results of this study were compared to those of a 1974 companion study. In 1975, ice thickness were determined to be 15% thinner than in 1974 and ice volume was 33% smaller. No major ice floes were observed in 1975 and no significant flooding occurred, although the approaches to a bridge at the damsite were eroded by debris and high water immediately after breakup. The 1976 breakup was milder than that of 1975. Minor flooding in the lower river was caused by jamming of a few large ice pieces, but no property damage resulted.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 44 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-14
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Ice thickness and quantity Chronology of the 1975 Chena River breakup Checkpoint 3 Checkpoint 4 Checkpoint 5 Checkpoint 6 Checkpoint A Checkpoint 7 Checkpoint C Checkpoint D Checkpoint 8 Checkpoint 10 Checkpoint 11 Checkpoint 12 Spring flooding and debris The 1976 Chena River breakup Breakup in other years Summary and conclusions Appendix A. Sequential photographs of 1975 breakup at checkpoints 3-12
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  • 17
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/27
    In: CRREL Report, 77-27
    Description / Table of Contents: The spectral reflectance of natural snow in the range of 0.20- to about 0.40-micrometers wavelengths was studied in the laboratory using both continuous spectral scanning and fixed bandpass measurements. White barium sulfate pressed powder was used as a standard for comparison. The reflectance of fresh snow was found to be very high (usually nearly 100%) and only weakly wavelength dependent from 0.24 micrometers to the visible range. In the 0.20- to 0.24-micrometers portion of the spectrum, the reflectance was found to be quite erratic. Possible reasons for the irregularities in reflectance measurements are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-27
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Experimental procedure Snow collection Spectrophotometric methods Data analysis Potential sources of error Presentation of results Continuous-scan measurements Comparison of sequential bandpass and continuous-scan measurements Theoretical calculations Discussion of results Differences in amplitude of reflectance measurements Irregularities in the shape of spectral reflectance curves The true spectral reflectance of snow in the ultraviolet region Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Absolute reflectance values of pressed BaSO4 powder
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  • 18
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/26
    In: CRREL Report, 77-26
    Description / Table of Contents: A theory for ice forces acting on inclined wedges has been developed, thus making it possible to predict the magnitude of the intermittent ice forces from knowledge of the physical parameters of the system. The theory has been verified by model tests with artificial and natural ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: viii, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-26
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Summary Introduction Recent ice research in Denmark General Structures with vertical faces Wedges with inclined faces Recording of the strength of natural ice Artificial ice — properties and manufacture General Composition of material Order of mixing ingredients Rupture theory Theoretical approach Initial contact Forces acting on wedge Maximum force and actual force Principal stress equations 8Dynamic equations Intermittent nature of force Theoretical curve Verifiction of theory by model tests Description Width of rupture channel Plotting of results Engineering application Comparison with Korahavin’s results Recommendations for future research References Appendix A
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  • 19
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/8
    In: CRREL Report, 78-8
    Description / Table of Contents: The interaction of a 5.1-GHz transverse electric surface wave with a dielectric slab is experimentally investigated. The wave is initially supported by a dielectric substrate resting upon a metallic ground-plane. A slab, made of the same dielectric material as the substrate and variable in height, is then placed upon the waveguide. The results for a small slab sitting on the substrate showed that the discontinuity was a very inefficient launcher of reflected surface waves. Investigations of these reflections with a trough waveguide showed that, for values of slab height comparable to the exponential decay height of the surface wave, the reflections remain very small. However, as the slab height is increased beyond the decay height, the reflected amplitude approaches the theoretical value for a plane wave reflected from the interface between air and the same dielectric. The results are applicable to surface wave methods of microwave deicing of wings and helicopter rotors.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-8
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Background Objective and procedure Theory of plane surface waves Waveguide design and characteristics Physical apparatus Frequency characteristics Spatial distribution of Ey above the guide Guide wave length Surface wave interaction with a slab discontinuity Experiments with a trough Discussion and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 20
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/7
    In: CRREL Report, 78-7
    Description / Table of Contents: The theory of non-coaxial in-plane plastic deformation of soils that obey the Coulomb yield criterion is presented. The constitutive equations are derived by use of the geometry of the Mohr circle and the theory of characteristic lines. It is found that, for solving a boundary value problem, the non-coaxial angle must be given such values that enable us to accommodate the presupposed type of flow in the given domain satisfying the given boundary conditions. The non-coaxial angle is contained in the constitutive equations as a parameter. Therefore, the plastic material obeying the Coulomb yield criterion is a singular material whose constitutive equations are not constant with material but are variable with flow conditions.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-7
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstrac Preface Introduction Analysis of stress Geometry of the Mohr circle Stress characteristic directions Analysis of strain rate Constitutive equations Strain-rate characteristic directions Constitutive geometry Strain-rate tensor The dyadic expression Plastic work rate Coordinate transformation Example The stress solution Velocity equations in the a-characteristic curvilinear coordinates The constant speed solution Velocity equations in the constant density region Solution in the first constant-density subregion Solution in the second constant-density subregion Solution in the passive region Conclusion Literature cited
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  • 21
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/9
    In: CRREL Report, 78-9
    Description / Table of Contents: Large, simply supported beams of temperate lake ice were found, generally, to yield significantly higher flexural strengths than the same beams tested in the cantilever mode. Data support the view that a significant stress concentration may exist at the fixed corners of the cantilever beams. Maximum effects are experienced with beams of cold, brittle ice substantially free of structural imperfections; for this kind of ice the strength difference factor, here attributed to the effect of stress concentrations, may exceed 2.0; that is, simply supported beams test a factor of 2 or more stronger than the same beams tested in the cantilever mode. In ice that has undergone extensive thermal degradation, the stress concentration effect may be eliminated entirely. Simply supported beams generally yield higher strengths when the top surfaces are placed in tension. This behavior is attributed to differences in ice type; the fine-grained, crack-free top layer of snow-ice which constituted up to 50% of the ice cover in the current series of tests usually reacted more strongly in tension than the coarse-grained crack-prone bottom lake ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 14 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-9
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test sites and ice cover properties Beam testing Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 22
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Wageningen : Centre for Agricultural Publ. and Documentation
    Call number: PIK M 370-91-0161 ; MOP 44707 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 175 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: 2., revised and extended edition
    ISBN: 9022006522
    Series Statement: Simulation monographs
    Language: English
    Note: Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Some terminology 1.3 Electrical analogues 1.4 State determined systems 1.5 Simulation languages 2 Exponential growth 2.1 Analytical and numerical integration 2.2 Simulation 2.3 Time constant and time interval of integration 2.4 Integration method and time interval 3 The growth of yeast 3.1 Description of the system 3.2 Relational diagrams 3.3 Simulation 3.4 Logistic growth 4 Interference of plants 4.1 Replacement series 4.2 Density of sowing 4.3 Simulation of plant interference 4.4 Further modelling aspects 4.4.1 The INDEX and MACRO feature 4.4.2 The INITIAL and DYNAMIC section 5 Growth and competition of Paramecium 5.1 Description of the system 5.2 A simulation program 5.3 Preliminary estimation of parameters 5.4 Final determination of parameters 5.5 Stochastic aspects 5.6 The programming of probability functions 6 Modelling of development, dispersion and diffusion 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Physiological age and development stage 6.3 Demographic models 6.3.1 Age-classes 6.3.2 Errors of approximation 6.3.3 The matrix method 6.4 Germination models 6.4.1 Boxcar train without dispersion 6.4.2 Boxcar train with constant relative dispersion 6.4.3 Boxcar train with controlled dispersion 6.4.4 Refinements 6.5 The flow of heat in soils 7 Growth and development of Helminthosporium maydis 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The weather 7.3 Appearance and growth of lesions 7.4 Sporophore or stalk formation 7.5 Sporulation of green stalks 7.6 Sporulation of dried stalks 7.7 Dispersal of spores 7.8 Germination of spores and penetration of germtubes 7.9 Timing, initialization and output organization 7.10 Results and sensitivity analyses 8 Population models for fruit-tree red spider miteand predatory mites 8.1 Fruit-tree red spider mite 8.2 Predatory mite, Amblyseius potentillae 8.3 Relations between predator and prey 8.4 Preference as a competitive process 8.5 Verification 9 Solutions of the exercises References Appendix A Appendix B Index
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
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  • 23
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Barcelona : Centro Internacional de Métodos Numéricos en Ingeniería
    Call number: M 97.0321
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XV, 766 S.
    ISBN: 848786726X
    Classification:
    Applied Geology
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 24
    Call number: M 97.0394
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxi, 303 S.
    ISBN: 0412618605
    Classification:
    Paleontology
    Language: English
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  • 25
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    New York [u.a.] : Springer
    Call number: M 97.0392
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 276 S.
    ISBN: 0387963782
    Series Statement: Materials research and engineering
    Classification:
    C.5.2.
    Language: English
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  • 26
    Call number: M 97.0393
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIII, 177 S.
    Edition: 3. Aufl.
    ISBN: 3540555250
    Classification:
    E.7.
    Language: German
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  • 27
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/2
    In: CRREL Report, 76-2
    Description / Table of Contents: The repair and maintenance costs of low slope roofs are high and their life expectancy is less than desired. The increasing use of insulation is accompanied by a greater incidence of problems. The experience in cold regions amplifies these experiences. Protected membrane roofs have the prerequisites for better performance and the experience to date is encouraging. The results of performance measurements of three roofs built by the Corps of Engineers verify that the membrane remains at nearly constant temperature, independent of the weather, and that the insulation retains its integrity despite periodic wetting. Moisture absorption is slow and appears to stabilize in time due to the self-drying nature of the roof. Heat losses are increased due to rain, and extra insulation should be added to compensate for these losses. The resistance of protected membrane roofs to fire, traffic, impact, and other adverse forces is superior. So far, the initial cost of protected membrane roofs is at a premium, primarily due to the cost of concrete pavers. The initial cost premium can be justified, however, by the reduced repair and maintenance costs as indicated to date, and by the longer life expectancy of the protected membrane. The high probability of superior performance and cost effectiveness is a compelling reason to incorporate protected membrane roofs increasingly in Government construction.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-2
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Introduction Low slope roof problems and repair costs Protected membrane roofs and materials Installations of protected membrane roofs Performance evaluation Test program Effectiveness Thermal efficiency Heat balance Internal cooling due to rain Moisture absorption and thermal conductivity of insulations Durability and life expectancy Fire resistance Patent considerations Costs of roofs Design considerations Proposed specifications Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited
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  • 28
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Alger : International Association of Sedimentologists
    Call number: M 97.0435
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Classification:
    A.0.8.
    Language: English
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  • 29
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Bochum : Inst. für Geologie, Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 93.0590(38)
    In: Bochumer geologische und geotechnische Arbeiten
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: IX, 241 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Bochumer geologische und geotechnische Arbeiten 38
    Language: German
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 30
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/13
    In: CRREL Report, 76-13
    Description / Table of Contents: The thermal structure and ice conditions of Lake Champlain, a mid-latitude large lake, near Shelburne Point, Vermont, were studied during the winter of 1974-75. The lake was instrumented to a depth of 8.5 m with a string of highly calibrated thermistors, connected to a data logger on shore which recorded water temperatures every four hours. An ice mooring system was developed to anchor the thermistor string so that ice and water temperatures could be obtained at known levels. This temperature recording system measured vertical and horizontal variations in ice and water temperature regimes during ice formation, growth and decay. Meteorological data were measured during the winter period November 1974 through March 1975 at the site. Ice stratigraphy was determined for the ice at the site at its maximum seasonal growth for comparison with ice from St. Albans Bay (at the northern end of Lake Champlain) which had formed earlier. Correlations were determined between ice growth and accumulated degree days of freezing. The operation of a bubbler system installed near the measurement site around a service dock was observed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 22 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-13
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Climate Site selection Instrumentation, measurements and calibration Installation of automatic water temperature recording system Visual observations and ice structure St. Albans Shelburne Analysis Temperature comparison Water temperature measuring system Changes in water temperature Wind Degree-days of freezing Prediction of ice formation Bubbler system Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited
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  • 31
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    Berlin [West] ; Köln : Beuth ; Wiesbaden [u.a.] : Bauverl.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: O 2589 (111)
    In: DIN-Taschenbuch
    Pages: 148 S.
    Series Statement: DIN-Taschenbuch 111
    Language: German
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  • 32
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Berlin [u.a.] : Beuth
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 14433
    In: DIN-Taschenbuch
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 371 S.
    Edition: 1. Aufl., Stand der abgedr. Normen: 30. Sept. 1986
    ISBN: 341011985X
    Series Statement: DIN-Taschenbuch 218
    Language: German
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  • 33
    Call number: S 99.0056(1/93)
    In: Terra nostra
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: X, 59 S.
    Series Statement: Terra nostra 1/93
    Classification:
    A.0.8.
    Language: English
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  • 34
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Berlin [u.a.] : Beuth
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 14435
    In: DIN-Taschenbuch
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 208 S.
    Edition: 1. Aufl., Stand der abgedr. Normen: 30. April 1986
    ISBN: 3410119442
    Series Statement: DIN-Taschenbuch 221
    Language: German
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  • 35
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Berlin [u.a.] : Beuth
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 14434
    In: DIN-Taschenbuch
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 368 S.
    Edition: 6. Aufl., Stand der abgedr. Normen: 30. Juni 1986
    Series Statement: DIN-Taschenbuch 28
    Language: German
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  • 36
    Call number: AR 97/10
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 38 S.
    Classification:
    Stratigraphy
    Language: German
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  • 37
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    Athens : University of Athens
    Call number: AR 97/13
    Classification:
    Seismology
    Language: English
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  • 38
    Call number: AR 97/03
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 155 S. : graph. Darst.
    Classification:
    Regional Geology
    Language: English
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  • 39
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Bracknell : Hadley Centre for climate prediction and research
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-192-13
    In: Climate research technical note
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: getr. Zählung
    Series Statement: Climate research technical note 13
    Language: English
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  • 40
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Kingston : Antarctic Division
    Call number: AWI P3-89-0313
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 140 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: third edition
    ISBN: 0642117837
    Language: English
    Note: Contents INTRODUCTION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1. GOING OUT? requirements to be met, minimum equipment, field trips 2. STATIONS AND BASES Macquarie Island, Commonwealth Bay, Casey, Edgeworth David, Davis, Law, Mawson, Heard Island 3. TRAVEL IN ANTARCTICA blizzards, whiteout, revasses, sea ice hazards and emergency 4. LIGHT-WEIGHT TRAVEL IN ANTARCTICA walking, skiing, manhauling, dog sledging 5. MOTORISED TOBOGGANS operation, sledges 6. HEAVY VEHICLE TRAVEL IN ANTARCTICA planning, train methods, navigating, extracting crevassed vehicles, Hagglunds on sea ice 7. AIRCRAFT TRAVEL safety, loading, flying, ground-to-air signals, marshalling, forced landings 8. SMALL BOAT TRAVEL safety, minimum equipment, emergency action 9. CLOTHING AND FIELD EQUIPMENT wearing clothing properly, knot tying, slings, harnesses, karabiners, jumars, anchors, ice axes, crampons, packs, sleeping gear 10. SNOW AND ICE TECHNIQUES step-cutting, descending, self-arresting, roping up for climbing, belays, abseiling, roping up for glacier travel, extraction from crevasses, rescue stretcher use 10. SHELTER tent erection, Apple huts, primus, tilley lamp, emergency shelters, bivouac for a lone person 12. FIELD RATIONS packs, cooking, emergency food 13. NAVIGATION maps, magnetic compass, magnetic variation, bearings, locating south at night, locating north, vehicle compass, trail marking 14. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS VHF channels, VHF repeater, VHF hand-helds and repairs, vehicle VHF, HF frequencies, HF radios, HF antennae, EPIRBs, PIRBs, Radio Box, Selcal, callsigns, schedules, Morse, to ships and aircraft, distress and urgency calls 15. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES AND SEARCH AND RESCUE priorities, lost individual, lost party, searchmasters, SAR phases, search techniques, location by dipole aerial, radio failure on Macquarie Island 16. ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION Antarctic Treaty and acts, SPAs, SSSis, offences, Heard and McDonald Islands, Macquarie Island, Southern Ocean APPENDIX I. Field camp equipment list APPENDIX II. Distances, weights and volumes
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  • 41
    Call number: AWI S5-82-0002
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 86a, 2662 S.
    Language: English
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  • 42
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Pretoria
    Call number: AWI Bio-85-0998
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    ISSN: 0036-8717
    Language: English
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  • 43
    Call number: AWI P5-92-0263
    In: Arktisen keskuksen julkaisuja
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    ISBN: 9516342361
    ISSN: 0788-3579
    Series Statement: Arktisen keskuksen julkaisuja 3
    Language: English
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  • 44
    Call number: AWI G5-95-0259
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 34 S. : graph. Darst.
    Language: English
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  • 45
    Call number: ZSP-553-198,3
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 32 S. : Ill., Kt.
    ISBN: 8742101123
    Series Statement: Meddelelser om Grønland 198,3
    Language: English
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  • 46
    Call number: ZSP-553-197,4
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 25 S.
    ISBN: 8717022185
    Series Statement: Meddelelser om Grønland 197,4
    Language: English
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  • 47
    Call number: AR 97/15
    Classification:
    Seismology
    Language: English
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  • 48
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    København : Nyt Nordisk Forl.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-553-204,1
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 22 S. + Beil
    ISBN: 8717023785
    Series Statement: Meddelelser om Grønland 204,1
    Language: English
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  • 49
    Call number: M 98.0026
    In: Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 268 S.
    Series Statement: Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History 29
    Classification:
    Historical Geology
    Language: English
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  • 50
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Bracknell : Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-192-44
    In: Climate research technical note
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: [24 S.] : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Climate research technical note 44
    Language: English
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  • 51
    Call number: ZSP-119-3
    In: Altenburger naturwissenschaftliche Forschungen
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 136 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Altenburger naturwissenschaftliche Forschungen 3
    Language: German
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  • 52
    Call number: 98.0121
    In: Schriftenreihe der KBSt
    Pages: Getr. Zählung
    Edition: Stand: Januar 1993
    ISBN: 3887844270
    ISSN: 0179-7263
    Series Statement: Schriftenreihe der KBSt 28
    Classification:
    E.1.
    Language: German
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  • 53
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Bonn : Bundesanzeiger
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 98.0120
    In: Schriftenreihe der KBSt
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: Getr. Zählung
    Edition: Stand: Januar 1993
    ISBN: 3887844270
    ISSN: 0179-7263
    Series Statement: Schriftenreihe der KBSt 28
    Classification:
    E.1.
    Language: German
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  • 54
    Call number: MOP Per 484(2,2)
    In: Regionale Klimabeschreibungen
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 437 S.
    Series Statement: Regionale Klimabeschreibungen 2,2
    Language: German
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 55
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
    Associated volumes
    Call number: MOP 46747 / Mitte
    In: Physics and chemistry in space
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 334 S.
    ISBN: 3540153365 , 0-387-15336-5
    Series Statement: Physics and chemistry in space 13
    Uniform Title: Fotochimija atmosfer Marsa i Veneri
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 56
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Weinheim [u.a.] : VCH
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 98.0068/2
    In: Analytisches Praktikum
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 196 S.
    Edition: 2. Aufl
    ISBN: 3527286284
    ISSN: 0930-0147
    Classification:
    C.4.4.
    Language: German
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  • 57
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Genève : International Organization for Standardization
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 98.0171
    In: Industrial automation systems and integration - product data representation and exchange
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: vii, 17 S.
    Classification:
    E.5.
    Language: English
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  • 58
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Genève : International Organization for Standardization
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 98.0173
    In: Industrial automation systems - product data representation and exchange
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xii, 207 S.
    Classification:
    E.5.
    Language: English
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  • 59
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Moskau : Verlag Mir
    Call number: MOP 47167 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 304 S. : Ill.
    Edition: 1. Aufl.
    Uniform Title: Barometry prirody
    Language: German
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 60
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    Hannover [u.a.] : Bundestanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 98.0222
    In: Rohstoffwirtschaftliche Länderstudien
    Pages: 36 S.
    ISSN: 0948-2318
    Series Statement: Rohstoffwirtschaftliche Länderstudien 3
    Classification:
    Deposits
    Language: German
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  • 61
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Hamburg : Carlsen
    Call number: 4/M 10.0195
    Description / Table of Contents: Wie bringt man 14 Milliarden Jahre Weltgeschichte in ein Buch? Diese Frage hat sich der Berliner Zeichner Jens Harder gestellt und beantwortet: Indem man auf 350 Seiten den Beginn unseres Universums mit dem Urknall, die Entstehung des Planeten Erde und die Evolution der Pflanzen- und Tierwelt in Bildern umsetzt. Mit Texten geht er sparsam um, nur an wenigen Stellen finden sich kurze Passagen. Dafür fädelt er auf diesen historischen Faden Darstellungen aus allerlei Schöpfungsmythen und verquickt so Naturwissenschaft und menschliche Vorstellungswelt. Am Ende des Buches steht der Mensch. Der Band "Alpha - directions" erschien zuerst beim französischen Verlag Actes Sud und ist der Auftakt zu einer mehrere Bände umfassenden Reihe über Entstehung, Geschichte und Zukunft des Menschen.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 352 S. : überw. Ill.
    ISBN: 9783551789808
    Language: German
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  • 62
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Warnemünde : Inst. für Ostseeforschung
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZS-000(80)
    In: Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 147 S.
    Series Statement: Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte 80
    Classification:
    Oceanology
    Language: German
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  • 63
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Beijing : Seismological Press
    Call number: M 10.0305
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 87 S.
    ISBN: 9787502836726
    Uniform Title: European Macroseismic Scale 1998
    Classification:
    Seismology
    Language: Chinese
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  • 64
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Paris : OECD
    Call number: PIK P 113-10-0202
    Description / Table of Contents: This joint IEA/NEA report on electricity generating costs presents the latest data available for a wide variety of fuels and technologies, including coal and gas (with and without carbon capture), nuclear, hydro, onshore and offshore wind, biomass, solar, wave and tidal as well as combined heat and power (CHP).  It provides levelised costs of electricity (LCOE) per MWh for almost 200 plants, based on data covering 21 countries (including four major non-OECD countries), and several industrial companies and organisations.  For the first time, the report contains an extensive sensitivit
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 215 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9789264084308
    Language: English
    Note: Foreword; Acknowledgements; List of participating members of the Expert Group; CONTENTS; List of tables; List of figures; Executive summary; Part I: Methodology and Data on Levelised Costs for Generating Electricity; Chapter 1 Introduction and context; Chapter 2 Methodology, conventions and key assumptions; Chapter 3 Technology overview; Chapter 4 Country-by-country data on electricity generating costs for different technologies; Part 2: Sensitivity analyses and boundary issues; Chapter 5 Median case; Chapter 6 Sensitivity analyses. , Chapter 7 System integration aspects of variable renewable power generationChapter 8 Financing issues; Chapter 9 Levelised costs and the working of actual power markets; Chapter 10 Carbon capture and storage; Chapter 11 Synthesis report on other studies of the levelised cost of electricity; ANNEXES; Annex 1 Issues concerning data from non-OECD countries and assumptions forthe electricity generating cost calculations; Annex 2 List of abbreviations;.
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    Monograph available for loan
    Praha : Hydrometeorologický Ústav
    Associated volumes
    Call number: MOP 40270/1 / Mitte
    In: Meteorologická pozorování v Praze-Klementinu, I.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 258 Seiten
    Language: Czech , Russian , English
    Note: Contents Table 1 Daily records Table 2 Extreme temperatures Table 3 Montly means Table 4 Mean temperature in the years 1775-1975 Table 5 Daily means of extreme temperatures Table 6 Relative frequency of daily maximum temperature in months Table 7 Relative frequency of daily minimum temperature Table 8 Relative frequency of relative humidity Table 9 Relative frequency of pressure Table 10 Relative frequency of wind Table 11 Relative frequency of cloud amount Table 12 Relative frequency of daily rainfall Table 13 Statistical characteristics of daily observations Table 14 Monthly means in 5 years periods Table 15 Monthly means in 10 years periods Table 16 Monthly means in 50 years periods Table 17 Monthly means of statistical characteristics in the years 1776-1975 Table 18 Monthly means of statistical characteristics in 5 years periods Table 19 Monthly means of statistical characteristics in 10 years periods Table 20 Monthly means of statistical characteristics in 50 years periods Table 21 Mean daily temperature corresponding to the percent of the exceeding probability , In tschechischer, russischer und englischer Sprache , Zum Teil in kyrillischer Schrift
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  • 66
    Call number: AR 98/21
    Classification:
    Geochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 67
    Call number: SR 90.0018(129) ; ZSP-183-129
    In: Bulletin / Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse, No. 129
    Description / Table of Contents: The Holocene stratigraphy in Scoresby Sund is based on climatic change as reflected by fluctuations in fjord and valley glaciers, immigration and extinction of marine molluscs, and the vegetation history recorded in pollen diagrams from five lakes. The histories are dated by C-14, and indirectly by emergence curves showing the patterns of isostatic uplift. From c. 10100-10400 to 9400 yr BP the major fjord glaciers showed oscillatory retreat with abundant moraine formation, the period of the Milne Land Moraines. The vegetation in the ice free areas was a sparse type of fell field vegetation but with thermophilous elements indicating temperatures similar to the present. From 9400 yr BP the fjord glaciers retreated rapidly in the narrow fjords, the few moraines formed are referred to the R0defjord stages and indicate topographically conditioned stillstands. At 8000 yr BP the low arctic Betula nana imigrated into the area, and in the period until 5000 yr BP dense dwarf shrub heath grew in areas where it is now absent. In the fjords the subarctic Mytilus edulis and Pecten islandica lived, suggesting a climate warmer than the present. From c. 5000 yr BP the dense dwarf shrub heath began to disappear in the coastal areas, and a 'poor' heath dominated by the high arctic Salix Arctica and Cassiope tetragona expanded. These two species, which are now extremely common, apparently did not grow in the area until c. 6000 yr BP. In lakes in the coastal area minerogenic sedimentation at c. 2800 yr BP, reflecting the general climatic deterioration.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 66 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. + 7 Beil.
    Series Statement: Bulletin / Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 129
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Topography and hydrography. - Climate, glaciation, permafrost. - Notes on the scientific exploration of the area. - Sea level changes. - C-14 dates on shell material, corrections and errors. - Marine limits. - Emergence curves. - Marine faunas. - Glaciation history. - Pleistocene glaciation. - The Milne Land Moraines. - Glacial retreat, the Rødefjord stages. - Glacial readvance. - Climatic implications. - Comparison with other areas. - Pollen analytical investigations. - Field methods. - Lake sediments. - C-14 dates of lake sediments and rates of sedimentation. - Pollen preparation and calculation procedures. - Pollen identification. - Description of sites and pollen diagrams. - Notes on the present vegetation. - Discussion and reconstruction of vegetation types. - Plant immigration and climatic change. - Summary of the vegetation history. - Comparison with other areas. - General notes on the climatic development. - Acknowledgements. - References.
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  • 68
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    München : oekom-verl.
    Call number: M 11.0026
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 347 S. , Ill. , 238 mm x 145 mm
    ISBN: 9783865811974
    Series Statement: Stoffgeschichten 6
    Uniform Title: Dirt
    Language: German
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  • 69
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Call number: AWI Bio-11-0010
    Description / Table of Contents: This much revised and expanded edition provides a valuable and detailed summary of the many uses of diatoms in a wide range of applications in the environmental and earth sciences. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of diatoms in analyzing ecological problems related to climate change, acidification, eutrophication, and other pollution issues. The chapters are divided into sections for easy reference, with separate sections covering indicators in different aquatic environments. A final section explores diatom use in other fields of study such as forensics, oil and gas exploration, nanotechnology, and archeology. Sixteen new chapters have been added since the first edition including introductory chapters on diatom biology and the numerical approaches used by diatomists. The extensive glossary has also been expanded and now includes over 1000 detailed entries, which will help non-specialists to use the book effectively
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVIII, 667 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: Second edition
    ISBN: 9780521509961 , 0-521-50996-3
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: List of Contributors. - Preface. - Part I. Introduction: 1. Applications and uses of diatoms: prologue ; 2. The diatoms: a primer ; 3. Numerical methods for the analysis of diatom assemblage data ; Part II. Diatoms as indicators of environmental change in flowing waters and lakes: 4. Assessing environmental conditions in rivers and streams with diatoms ; 5. Diatoms as indicators of long-term environmental change in rivers, fluvial lakes and impoundments ; 6. Diatoms as indicators of surface-water acidity ; 7. Diatoms as indicators of lake eutrophication ; 8. Diatoms as indicators of environmental change in shallow lakes ; 9. Diatoms as indicators of water-level change in freshwater lakes ; 10. Diatoms as indicators of hydrologic and climatic change in saline lakes ; 11. Diatoms in ancient lakes ; Part III. Diatoms as Indicators in Arctic, Antarctic and alpine lacustrine environments: 12. Diatoms as indicators of environmental change in subarctic and alpine regions ; 13. Freshwater diatoms as indicators of environmental change in the High Arctic ; 14. Diatoms as indicators of environmental change in Antarctic and subantarctic freshwaters ; Part IV. Diatoms as indicators in marine and estuarine environments: 15. Diatoms and environmental change in large brackish-water ecosystems ; 16. Applied diatom studies in estuaries and shallow coastal environments ; 17. Estuarine paleoenvironmental reconstructions using diatoms ; 18. Diatoms on coral reefs and in tropical marine lakes ; 19. Diatoms as indicators of former sea levels, earthquakes, tsunamis and hurricanes ; 20. Marine diatoms as indicators of modern changes in oceanographic conditions ; 21. Holocene marine diatom records of environmental change ; 22. Diatoms as indicators of paleoceanographic events ; 23. Reconsidering the meaning of biogenic silica accumulation rates in the glacial Southern Ocean ; Part V. Other applications: 24. Diatoms of aerial habitats ; 25. Diatoms as indicators of environmental change in wetlands and peatlands ; 26. Tracking fish, seabirds, and wildlife population dynamics with diatoms and other limnological indicators ; 27. Diatoms and archaeology ; 28. Diatoms in oil and gas exploration ; 29. Forensic science and diatoms ; 30. Toxic marine diatoms ; 31. Diatoms as markers of atmospheric transport ; 32. Diatoms as nonnative species ; 33. Diatomite ; 34. Stable isotopes from diatom silica ; 35. Diatoms and nanotechnology: early history and imagined future as seen through patents ; Part IV. Conclusions: 36. Epilogue: a view to the future ; Glossary, acronyms, and abbreviations ; Index.
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  • 70
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oberschleissheim near Munich : GSF Research Centre for Environment and Health
    Call number: M 97.0220
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    ISBN: 9280714074
    Classification:
    Ecology
    Language: English
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  • 71
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 97.0214
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: Geological fluids are a central theme linking the petrography and chemistry of all rock types, deformation processes on the microscopic to the continental scale, and the concentration of economic resources. The fundamental importance of fluid migration and evolution to rock composition and structure is reflected in a growing interest in fluid processes, including a series of successful conferences on water-rock interaction. he papers in this volume are intended to give a review of the whole spectrum of current geofluids research. The papers include international case studies and are written by leading experts in the field. - First overview of fluids research - Examples of commercial applications of fluids research - Reviews research for the non-specialist - Up-to-date extensive bibliographies - Promotes methodological transfer between oil and minerals industries - Explains theory behind and consequences of fluid flow processes
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 372 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 1897799055
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 78
    Classification:
    Geodynamics
    Language: English
    Note: John Parnell: Geofluids: introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:vii-ix, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.01 --- W.S. Fyfe: The water inventory of the Earth: fluids and tectonics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:1-7, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.02 --- Large-Scale Fluid Flow --- R. Van Balen and S. Cloetingh: Tectonic control of the sedimentary record and stress-induced fluid flow: constraints from basin modelling / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:9-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.03 --- David Deming: Fluid flow and heat transport in the upper continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:27-42, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.04 --- Alan M. Jessop and Jacek A. Majorowicz: Fluid flow and heat transfer in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:43-54, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.05 --- G. Neil Phillips, Patrick J. Williams, and Geoffrey De Jong: The nature of metamorphic fluids and significance for metal exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:55-68, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.06 --- Deformation and Fluid Flow --- Richard H. Sibson: Crustal stress, faulting and fluid flow / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:69-84, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.07 --- R. Muir Wood: Earthquakes, strain-cycling and the mobilization of fluids / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:85-98, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.08 --- R.J. Knipe and A.M. McCaig: Microstructural and microchemical consequences of fluid flow in deforming rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:99-111, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.09 --- E.L. Stephenson, A.J. Maltman, and R.J. Knipe: Fluid flow in actively deforming sediments: ‘dynamic permeability’ in accretionary prisms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:113-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.10 --- Fluid Flow and Reservoir Evolution --- Knut Bjørlykke: Fluid-flow processes and diagenesis in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:127-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.11 --- P.S. Ringrose and P.W.M. Corbett: Controls on two-phase fluid flow in heterogeneous sandstones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:141-150, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.12 --- Fluid Chemistry; Metal-Organic Interactions --- Jeffrey S. Hanor: Origin of saline fluids in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:151-174, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.13 --- Thomas H. Giordano and Yousif K. Kharaka: Organic ligand distribution and speciation in sedimentary basin brines, diagenetic fluids and related ore solutions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:175-202, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.14 --- Royston H. Filby: Origin and nature of trace element species in crude oils, bitumens and kerogens: implications for correlation and other geochemical studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:203-219, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.15 --- Keith Nicholson: Fluid chemistry and hydrological regimes in geothermal systems: a possible link between gold-depositing and hydrocarbon-bearing aqueous systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:221-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.16 --- Fluid Evolution: Migration and Precipitation of Hydrocarbons and Metals --- Ulrich Mann: An integrated approach to the study of primary petroleum migration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:233-260, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.17 --- Bernd R.T. Simoneit: Organic matter alteration and fluid migration in hydrothermal systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:261-274, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.18 --- John Parnell: Hydrocarbons and other fluids: paragenesis, interactions and exploration potential inferred from petrographic studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:275-291, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.19 --- Anthony D. Fowler: The role of geopressure zones in the formation of hydrothermal Pb-Zn Mississippi Valley type mineralization in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:293-300, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.20 --- R. Metcalfe, C.A. Rochelle, D. Savage, and J.W. Higgo: Fluid-rock interactions during continental red bed diagenesis: implications for theoretical models of mineralization in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:301-324, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.21 --- Tracers of Fluid Evolution --- I.R. Duddy, P.F. Green, R.J. Bray, and K.A. Hegarty: Recognition of the thermal effects of fluid flow in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:325-345, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.22 --- C.J. Ballentine and R.K. O’nions: The use of natural He, Ne and Ar isotopes to study hydrocarbon-related fluid provenance, migration and mass balance in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:347-361, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.23
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  • 72
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/28
    In: CRREL Report, 78-28
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: x, 112 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-28
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Descriptions of road test sections Test equipment and procedures Field repetitive plate bearing tests Data analysis General Layered-elastic analysis of the pavement systems Statistical analysis Flexural analysis Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Resilient surface deflections for the test points
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  • 73
    Call number: M 97.0259
    In: DGEB-Publikation
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 282 S.
    Series Statement: DGEB-Publikation Nr. 3
    Classification:
    B.6.
    Language: German
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  • 74
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Stuttgart [u.a.] : Gustav Fischer Verlag
    Call number: PIK M 311-92-0700
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 406 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 3437402595
    Uniform Title: Exploration informatique et statistique de donnees
    Language: German
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
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  • 75
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/4
    In: CRREL Report, 78-4
    Description / Table of Contents: The use of radio-echo sounding records to indicate the presence of internal layers within large ice sheets is of interest to glaciologists because it offers a means of tracking the internal properties of the ice sheets over large distances. The interpretation of the reflections obtained in this manner is more valuable, however, if a physical property change relating to the glaciological regime can be related to the dielectric property change producing the radio-echo reflections. In this report, we use the measured physical properties of core to bedrock taken at Cape Folger, East Antarctica (66 deg 22 min s, 111 deg (E), 324-m depth), to compute a profile of dielectric properties and from this, a depth-reflection coefficient profile for comparison with observed radio-echo reflections. The measurements available on physical properties are: density variations, bubble size and shape changes, and crystal fabric variations. The depths of the strong reflections shown on the available radio-echo records are in reasonable agreement with the depths corresponding to the highest reflection coefficients computed from the combined physical property measurements. In calculations to differentiate the separate effects of different physical properties, it appears that density variations account for the primary contributions to the calculated dielectric property changes corresponding to the highest reflection coefficients. However, bubble changes alone can also account for reasonable, though lower, reflection coefficients at the appropriate depths. Crystal fabric variations correspond poorly with the reflection locations. Density variations are normally associated with depositional events in the history of the ice sheet.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-4
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Derivation of the power reflection coefficient-depth variation Possible sources of dielectric constant variation with depth in ice sheets Ice density variations Effect of macroscopic impurity layers Effect of microscopic impurtty layers Changes in inclusion geometry Effect of crystal orientation changes Physical properties of the Cape Folger core Density-depth profile Air bubble-geometry depth profile Crystal orientation-depth profile Radio-echo sounding data Results and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 76
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/2
    In: CRREL Report, 78-2
    Description / Table of Contents: Many of the technical questions relating to iceberg transport are given brief, but quantitative, consideration. These include iceberg genesis and properties, the mechanical stability of icebergs at sea, towing forces and tug characteristics, drag coefficients, ablation rates, and handling and processing the iceberg at both the pick-up site and at the final destination. In particular the paper attempts to make technical information on glaciological and ice engineering aspects of the problem more readily available to the interested planner or engineer. Specific conclusions include: (1) No unprotected iceberg, no matter how long or wide, would be likely to survive the ablation caused by a long trip to low latitudes. (2) Icebergs that have a horizontal dimension exceeding 2 km may well be prone to breakup by long wavelength swells. (3) To avoid the dangers associated with an iceberg capsizing, the width of a 200-m thick iceberg should always be more than 300 m. (4) For towing efficiency the length/width ratio of a towed iceberg should be appreciably greater than unity. (5) For a pilot project, the selected iceberg would have to be quite small, if for no other reason than the practical availability of tug power.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 31 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-2
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Sources and properties of tabular icebergs Sources Characteristics of ice shelves near the ice front Characteristics of tabular icebergs Towing Geophysical and engineering considerations Tug characteristics Handling and processing Cutting and boring with thermal devices Penetration with electrothermal devices Electrothermal cutting Making vertical cuts by pre-split blasting Primary fragmentation by blasting Primary fragmentation by mechanical sawing Comminuting ice with machines Slurry pipelines Conclusion Literature cited
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  • 77
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/32
    In: CRREL Report, 77-32
    Description / Table of Contents: An experimental study of forced convective heat transfer over a vertical melting plate has been conducted. This study covers water velocities ranging from 1.7 to 9.8 mm/s and bulk water temperatures from 1.11 to 7.50 C. The experimental results are correlated in terms of Nusselt, Prandtl and Reynolds numbers with a moderate correlation coefficient of 0.843. The results are expected to be useful in predicting the heat transfer characteristics of a much larger prototype ice-water heat sink.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-32
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Summary Introduction Problem General review of the subject Experimental apparatus General considerations Water reservoir Test chamber assembly Pumping system Electrical control system Experimental procedure Experimental results Discussion and comparison of results Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 78
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Paris : European Space Agency
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 97.0230
    In: ESA PSS
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: vi, 33 S.
    Edition: Issue 2.
    Series Statement: ESA PSS 01-60
    Classification:
    A.1.1.
    Language: English
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  • 79
    Call number: PIK N 454-92-0672 ; MOP Per 18(180)
    In: Berichte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes, 180
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 287 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 3881482636
    Series Statement: Berichte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes 180
    Language: German
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 80
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/24
    In: CRREL Report, 78-24
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-24
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Comparison of winters Ship effects Measured forces Sequential breaking of the structure Discussion Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Force level fluctuations in west ice boom, 20 January 1977
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  • 81
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/26
    In: CRREL Report, 78-26
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice fog suppression experiments on the Fort Wainwright Power Plant cooling pond were conducted during the winters of 1974-76. Baseline information studies occupied a sizable portion of the available ice fog weather in 1974-75. Then hexadecanol was added to the pond and dramatically improved visibility by reducing fog generated from water vapor released by the pond at -14 C. Although this temperature was not low enough to create ice fog, the cold vapor fog created was equally as devastating to visibility in the vicinity of the pond. During the winter of 1975-76, suppression tests were continued using films of hexadecanol, mixes of hexadecanol and octadecanol, and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGME). Suppression effectiveness at colder temperatures was stuided and limits to the techniques were probed. A reinforcing grid was constructed that prevented breakup of the film by wind and water currents. Lifetime tests indicated that EGME degrades much more slowly than either hexadecanol or the hexadecanol-octadecanol mix. The films were found to be very effective fog reducers at warmer temperatures but still allowed 20% to 40% of normal evaporation to occur. The vapor thus produced was sufficient to create some ice fog at lower temperatures, but this ice fog occurred less frequently and was more quickly dispersed than the thick fog that was present before application of the films.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-26
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Ice fog from cooling ponds Evaporation Relative humidity and cold air Ice fog suppression Air movement Plastic films Rafts Injection wells Cooling towers Chemical films Reinforced film experiments Meteorological data collection Floating reinforcement grid Application of the hexadecanol film Hexadecanol, octadecanol mixes Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether Laboratory tests of suppression effectiveness Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Design for an automatic thin chemical film applicationsystem Appendix B. Meteorological data
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  • 82
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/25
    In: CRREL Report, 78-25
    Description / Table of Contents: The objectives of this investigation were to describe channel characteristics and geographic settings of ice jam sites from aerial photographic interpretation, to indicate which characteristics may be important in causing ice jams, and to suggest additional uses of aerial photographs. Aerial photographs were taken of 19 sites with a Zeiss RMK 15/23 aerial camera on 17, 19, and 21 April 1976. Uncontrolled photomosaics of each site were assembled and major river characteristics were delineated on the photomosaics. Characteristics described include: manmade structures, falls, rapids, changes in channel depths, channel islands, mid-channel shoals or bars, river bed material, river sinuosity, meanders, floodplain width, riparian vegetation, and types of development on the floodplain. River channel widths were measured from the photographs along rivers where ground truth data were available for comparison. Lengths of channel riffles and pools were measured along the rivers where variations in river depths were evident on the photographs. Seventy-nine percent of the sites have some form of flow control structure which causes a pool with a backwater condition of low velocity. The low flow condition in the pool allows a solid ice cover to form which impedes ice movement and initiates ice jams. Aerial photographs provide a regional perspective for evaluating channel characteristics at an ice jam site and for analyzing the geographic setting at each site during ice-free conditions. Photographs taken after ice jams have formed are useful in monitoring ice jam formation, in analyzing ice characteristics, and in documenting ice jam breakup and movement.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 60 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-25
    Language: English
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  • 83
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/23
    In: CRREL Report, 78-23
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 53 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-23
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Conversion factors: Metric (SI) to U.S. customary units of measurement Introduction Selection of experimental approach Previous investigations of effect of freeze-thaw on soil deform ability Selection of laboratory test method Selection of method of field validation tests Field repeated-load plate-bearing tests Test pavements, soils and materials Test procedures and results Resilient modulus of subgrade calculated from field tests Mathematical model Characterization of asphalt concrete Characterization of frozen silt Calculated resilient modulus of silt within the zone of freezing Laboratory repeated-load triaxial tests Specimens, equipment and testing procedures Apparatus Procedures Resilient properties calculated from laboratory tests Calculation methods Asphalt concrete - test results Asphalt concrete - statistical analysis and discussion Silt - test results Silt - statistical analysis Discussion and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Repeated-load plate-bearing test results Appendix B. Laboratory repeated-load triaxial test results Appendix C. Regression equation coefficients for resilient modulus and Poisson’s ratio from repeated-load triaxial test data on asphalt concrete and silt Appendix D. Detailed procedures for repeated-load triaxial testing
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  • 84
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/22
    In: CRREL Report, 78-22
    Description / Table of Contents: Special environmental factors that influence the design, laying and maintenance of undersea pipelines and cables in polar waters are described. Various approaches to the protection of submarine pipes and cables are considered, and prime emphasis is given to burial techniques for shallow water. A wide range of methods for trenching and burying are discussed, and technical data are given.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 36 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-22
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Types of pipelines and cables Potential hazards to pipelines and cables Areas of concern Waterdepth Sea ice Icebergs and ice islands Submarine permafrost Ice gouging Seabed erosion by water jets Protection methods Protection of unburied pipes and cables Protection by burial Backhoe digging Wireline equipment Plowing and ripping from the surface Plowing and ripping by self-propelled seabed vehicles Bucket ladder dredges Suction dredging Conventional cutterhead dredges Low pressure water jetting Bottom-traveling cutterhead dredges Explosive methods Novel methods Disc saws, wheel ditchers and milling drums Ladder trenchers and chain saws Repetitive impulse devices High pressure water jets Flame jets and plasma torches Electrical discharge and electromagnetic radiation Chemical methods Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 85
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/19
    In: CRREL Report, 78-19
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-19
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Previous work Methods and results Methods of analysis Salinity-chlorophyll a associations Discussion Comparison of ice and water column standing crops Estimated mass of ice associated chl. a Mechanism of ice algae formation in the Weddell Sea Differences between the biological environments of fast and drifting pack ice Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Species variations - ice and water column
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  • 86
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/20
    In: CRREL Report, 78-20
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Measurements of the concentrations of Aitken nuclei in maritime air were made near Barrow, Alaska, in June 1975 with a modified Nolan-Pollack small-particle detector. The concentrations varied from 50 to 300 particles cm^-3 depending upon meteorological conditions. The mean Aitken nuclei count was 100 particles cm^-3 for diameters greater than 2 x 10^-3 μm. Transmission electron micrographs of aerosols in maritime air near Barrow were taken. The size range was measured to be 0.01 to 2.5 μm in diameter with the most frequently observed diameter being 0.04 μm. The volume of the maritime air and the collection efficiency of aerosol particles on filmed grids for electron microscopy were measured. The aerosol concentrations were found to be 76 to 101 particles cm^-3 ; the mean concentration was calculated to be 87 particles cm^-3. The aerosol particles in the maritime air were identified by electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction analysis. About 20% of the aerosol particles were identified, and 80% of the particles were too small for electron diffraction analysis. Sea salt particles constituted 2% of the total, and clay minerals 3%; these particles were considered to be of natural origin. Solid combustion by-products such as coagulated carbon particles and fly ash particles constituted 16%. Despite the comparative remoteness of the sampling site, the measurements indicate that many anthropogenic aerosols were found using an electron microscope.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 48 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-20
    Language: English
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  • 87
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/21
    In: CRREL Report, 78-21
    Description / Table of Contents: This study investigates the possibility of providing estimates of the time of occurrence and length of the freezing season for any location in East and West Germany by using the average Januavy air temperature (AJ AT) as an index. The results indicate that reliable values of the mean freezing index can be obtained from the AJAT relationships which are developed for Germany. This association is further verified using data from the northeastern part of the U.S., and the AJ AT is then used to determine the average starting and ending dates (and hence the probable length) of the freezing season for stations in Germany. The AJ AT and the average dates of snowfall occurrence for numerous locations in the U.S. and Germany are also correlated. Interrelationships between these parameters and the average number of days with snow on the ground for stations up to 3000 m in elevation in Germany are examined. A detailed AJ AT map for East and West Germany, in which data from 134 stations, latitude, altitude and regional influences are considered, is developed in order to make the relationships usable. A historical review of the literature on snow studies in Germany and a brief discussion of snow-cover interpretation by satellite photography are included
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 48 Seiten , Illustrationen , 1 Karte
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-21
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Historical literature review Relationships between midwinter temperature and freezing season Mean freezing index 4 Average January air temperature U.S. comparative study Correlation of AJAT and duration of freezing season Relationships between average January air temperature and snow conditions U.S. relationships German relationships Mapping of average January air temperatures Analysis of observed AJ AT data Development of detailed maps Application and discussion Examples Influence of vegetation Literature cited Appendix A. interpretation of snow cover by satellite Appendix B. Contour, station elevation and Aj AT maps for East and West Germany
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  • 88
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/18
    In: CRREL Report, 78-18
    Description / Table of Contents: The primary objective of this project was to demonstrate the utility of remote sensing techniques as an operational tool in the acquisition of data required by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, in the Grays Harbor dredging effects project, and related projects. Aerial imagery was used to map surface circulation and suspended sediment patterns near the hopper dredge pump site at the harbor entrance and near pulpmill outfalls in Aberdeen, and to map the areal distribution and extent of intertidal habitats. The surface circulation maps prepared from the aerial photographs and thermal imagery compared favorably with the large-scale circulation patterns observed in the Grays Harbor hydraulic model at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Of the imagery provided by NASA, the thermal imagery was more useful than the color or color infrared (CIR) photographs for mapping circula­tion, while the CIR photographs were more useful than the thermal imagery or the color photographs for mapping intertidal habitats. Current velocities estimated from dye dispersion patterns and drifting dye drogues were comparable at some locations to velocities measured by in situ current meters and in the hydraulic model. Based on a cursory evaluation of LANDSAT-1 imagery acquired in January, February, and October 1973, it had limited utility in providing data on surface circulation patterns in Grays Harbor. The areal distribution and extent of nine wetland vegetation types, dune vegetation, and three types of eelgrass were mapped using primarily aerial C IR photographs and ground sur­veys. Color photographs were also used for areas not covered by the C IR photographs. Wetland vegetation types mapped were: low silty marsh, low sandy marsh, sedge marsh, high immature marsh, high mature marsh, salt marsh, diked pasture, freshwater marsh, and wooded swamp. Undiked salt marsh (first five types) covered 5540 acres (22.3 km2) in Grays Harbor.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 85 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-18
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Site description Background and objectives Project history Approach General Aircraft imagery and sensor data LANDSAT imagery Ground truth data Results and discussion Remote sensing techniques Conventional techniques Comparison of results Conclusions Advantages and disadvantages Applications Recommendations Literature cited
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  • 89
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/16
    In: CRREL Report, 78-16
    Description / Table of Contents: A model investigation of drifting snow conditions was conducted in a hydraulic flume using a sand-water analog. Model results were evaluated to define modeling parameters that would allow quantitative correlation between measured prototype drift conditions and the model. The modeled structure was the standard plan snow fence designed by the Wyoming Highway Department and installed along Interstate Highway 80 in 1971. The performance of this system was documented by the Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station of the U.S. Forest Service. Models of the fence were constructed for three heights and two geometric scales. Geometric scaling was based on terrain roughness and boundary layer thickness considerations, while velocity scaling was based on particle fall velocity and threshold of motion characteristics. Simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer was found to be of primary importance. Velocity scaling analysis suggested the use of a 'significant wind' concept based on a combination of velocity magnitude and frequency. Similarity of precipitation rate was not essential, and could be altered within limits to adjust the time scale. The response of the model to the shape of model elements was significant. Although the model is distorted and inexact similarity is achieved, it appears useful on a practical basis.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-16
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Background Experimental design Similitude considerations The model Model operation Results Velocity Fence height Porosity Model correlation Summary and conclusions Recommeqdations for future work Literature cited Appendix A
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  • 90
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/15
    In: CRREL Report, 78-15
    Description / Table of Contents: This report first discusses the general approach for calculating the horizontal forces an ice cover exerts on a structure. Ice force determination consists of two parts: (1) the analysis of the in-plane forces assuming that the ice cover remains intact and (2) the use of a failure criterion, since an ice force cannot be larger than the force capable of breaking up the ice cover. For an estimate of the largest ice force, an elastic plate analysis and a failure criterion are often sufficient. A review of the literature revealed that, in the majority of the analyses, it is assumed that the failure load is directly related to a 'crushing strength' of the ice cover. However, observations in the field and tests in the laboratory show that in some instances the ice cover fails by buckling. This report reviews the ice force analyses based on the buckling failure mechanism and points out their shortcomings. The report then presents a new method of analysis which is based on the buckling mechanism
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-15
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction and statement of problem Review of relevant analyses and tests Determination of the largest ice force on an isolated structure Preliminary remarks The buckling analysis of a floating wedge Proposed method to determine Literature cited
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  • 91
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/13
    In: CRREL Report, 78-13
    Description / Table of Contents: Field observations of the growth fabrics of the fast and near-fast ice along the coasts of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas show that, at depths of more than 60 cm below the upper ice surface, the sea ice crystals show striking alignments within the horizontal plane. At one site this alignment was well developed at a depth of 15 cm and in all cases the degree of preferred orientation increased with depth, with the strongest orientations occurring at the bottom of the ice sheet. In general the c-axes of the crystals were aligned roughly E-W parallel to the coast. In the vicinity of islands the alignment roughly paralleled the outlines of the islands and in narrow passes between islands the alignment paralleled the channel. Our observations, as well as similar observations made in the Kara Sea by Cherepanov, can be explained if it is assumed that the c-axes of the crystals are aligned parallel to the 'long-term' current direction at the sea ice/sea water interface. The alignments are believed to be the result of geometric selection among the growing crystals, with the most favored orientation being that in which the current flows normal to the (0001) plates of ice that make up the dendritic ice/water interface characteristics of sea ice. It is hypothesized that current flow in this direction reduces the thickness of the solute boundary layer as well as the salinity in the liquid at the interface. This lowered salinity allows crystals in the favored orientation to extend farther into the melt than neighboring crystals with less favored orientations. In addition the current tends to induce a continuous flux of supercooled seawater against the sides of the crystals that extend ahead of the interface.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 29 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-13
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Locale and techniques Observations Vertical variations in crystal orientation Regional variations in crystal orientation Summary of observations Causes Initial ice skim Earth’s magnetic field Currents Conclusions and consequences Literature cited
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  • 92
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Düsseldorf : Cornelsen Giradet
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 1.2/M 97.0312/1
    In: Handwörterbuch Technik
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Edition: 3., erw. Aufl
    ISBN: 3464494233
    Classification:
    E.5.
    Language: German
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  • 93
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/15
    In: CRREL Report, 77-15
    Description / Table of Contents: A laboratory experimental study was conducted on a scale model of an annular flow ice-water heat sink to be used to store the waste heat produced in a hardened defense installation operating in an isolated mode. The study ex­amined: 1) scaling relationships for predicting the performance of prototype units using data from scale models, 2) the accuracy of a computer prediction technique developed during an earlier study, 3) the heat transfer phenom­enon at the ice-water interface, and 4) some practical aspects related to the operation of a prototype installation. The scaling relationships and the computer program were found to be sufficiently accurate for use in developing a proto­type sink design. During operation the scale model sink provided an almost constant low temperature source of coolant water for approximately one-half its useful life and thereafter behaved like an ordinary stored water reservoir type heat sink. No significant operational problems were discovered.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 54 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-15
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurement Introduction Description of experiment Apparatus Test procedure Experimental results Summary of experimental tests Influence of coolant water flow rates Approximation of the rate of melting Comparison of experimental and computed results Comparative analysis of the model sinks Approximation of the heat transfer coefficient Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Experimental data, heat sink Model II Appendix B. Heat sink scaling and similarity relationships Appendix C. Derivation of the relationships for the heat transfer coefficient, Reynolds and Nusselt numbers Appendix D. Determination of freezing rates and refrigeration loads Appendix E. Approximation of stresses in the heat sink tank
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  • 94
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Ädermannsdorf : Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 97.0380/2
    In: ICOTOM
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxix, S. 1120-2097
    ISSN: 0255-5476
    Classification:
    C.5.2.
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 95
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Ädermannsdorf : Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 97.0380/1
    In: ICOTOM
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxxv, 1116 S.
    ISBN: 0878496815
    ISSN: 0255-5476
    Classification:
    C.5.2.
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 96
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Hannover : Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe
    Call number: 9/M 97.0403
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 328 S.
    Edition: 3. vollst. überarb. Aufl.
    ISBN: 3980109720
    Classification:
    A.0.2.
    Language: German
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  • 97
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    New York : United Nations
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 97.0386
    In: Atlas of mineral resources of the Escap Region
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: x, 107 S. + Kt.-Beil.
    ISBN: 9211196124
    Series Statement: Atlas of mineral resources of the Escap Region 9
    Classification:
    Regional Geology
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 98
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/6
    In: CRREL Report, 76-6
    Description / Table of Contents: Water flow through the vein structure of temperate ice is described as Darbian flow in which the pressure gradient is determined from vein size and overburden pressure. A solution method for the resulting equation is given and two special cases are considered. For steady flow the equilibrium vein size is a function of depth and, by neglecting the effects of diffusion, it is shown that flow perturbations introduced at the surface propagate downward at a constant speed.These perturbations propagate so slowly that even annual surface fluctuations of flow may be eliminated by diffusion before reaching the bottom of the glacie
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-6
    Language: English
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  • 99
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/10
    In: CRREL Report, 76-10
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 25 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-10
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Introduction Experimental work SCR samples CAG samples CMS samples UAG samples SI samples Optical system Equipment Procedure Photographic work Large cracks and fissures Small damage to the surface Small damage to the buIk Results Damage as a function of the position x of the focal point; n(x) Damage as a function of the number of irradiations #; n(#) Damage as a function of crystallographic orientation ĉ; n (ĉ); p (ĉ) Damage as a function of surface structure Damage as a function of age A; n (A) Damage as a function of wavelength λ; p(λ) Systematic study of damage as a function of W, t, m and s; n(W, t, m, s) Analysis Fracture in ice Mechanisms for optically generated damage in transparent dielectrics Discussion of the results Summary and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 100
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/11
    In: CRREL Report, 76-11
    Description / Table of Contents: Water flow through the unsaturated portion of a snowpack is calculated using various assumptions about radiation penetration into the snow. The results show that for the purposes of hydrologic forecasting, it is sufficiently ac­curate to assume that all of the radiation absorption occurs at the surface. The error in the calculation of flow is largest for very shallow snowpacks, but this error is reduced by radiation absorption at the base of the snow and by the routing of meltwater through the saturated basal layer.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-11
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Conversion factors for U.S. customary and SI units Introduction Theory Examples Discussion Literature cited
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