ALBERT

Note: Contents PREFACE PART I. THE BASIC TECHNIQUES CHAPTER I Observing the Weather Historical Weather Data Current Weather Data Reception of Weather Broadcasts The International Meteorological Observing Network The International Geophysical Year The Problem of Gaps in the Observing Network Climatological Instrumentation Standard Instruments Instruments for Special Investigations Some Unusual Climatic Elements Chemical Climate Radio Climate Surface Elements and Factors of Climate Derived Elements and Factors of Climate Notes to Chapter 1 CHAPTER 2 Interpreting the Observations The Analysis of Meteorological Time-Series Statistical Analysis of Scalar Quantities Frequency Analysis Probability Analysis The Relationships Between Scalar Quantities Statistical Analysis of Vector Quantities Statistical Predictions in Climatology Cartographic Interpretation of Climatic Data Aids to Facilitate Climatological Statistical Analysis Notes to Chapter 2 CHAPTER 3 Climatological Models Experimental Models of Phenomena of Weather and Climate Experimental Models of Cloud Formation Experimental Models of Airflow over Barriers Experimental Models of the General Circulation of the Atmosphere Mathematical Models of Phenomena of Weather and Climate Statistical Models Numerical Prediction Models 1. Models of Temperature and Precipitation Distributions on Hemispheric or Regional Scales 2. Models of Elements of the Atmospheric Circulation 3. Models of Atmospheric Processes 4. Models of Weather Phenomena Notes to Chapter 3 PART II. SOME APPLICATIONS OF THE BASIC TECHNIQUES Radiation Climatology The Physical Nature of Radiation Radiation Measurements Radiation-Measuring Instruments Standard Radiation-Measuring Instruments Nonstandard and Experimental Instruments Indirect Estimation of Radiation from Theory Mapping the Distribution of Radiation The Climatology of Radiation Balance Fluctuations in Solar Radiation and Their Climatic Significance Notes to Chapter 4 CHAPTER 5 Temperature Types of Thermometer Errors in Temperature Measurement The Physical Picture of Temperature The Geographical Pattern of Temperature The Statistical Pattern of Temperature The Historical Pattern of Temperature Notes to Chapter 5 CHAPTER 6 Clouds and Climate The Study of Individual Clouds The Study of the State of the Whole Sky Synoptic Cloud Reporting Cloud Photography The Climatological Importance of Cloud Physics Notes to Chapter 6 CHAPTER 7 Visual Climate and Optical Climatology The Theory of Visibility Climatological Representation of Visibility Observations Some Visual-Range Phenomena Sky and Landscape Colors and Atmospheric Optical Effects Notes to Chapter 7 PART III. GEOGRAPHICAL CLIMATOLOGY CHAPTER 8 Geographical Climatology World Studies of Actual Climates Regional Studies of Actual Climates Methodological Studies in Geographical Climatology Applied Climatology Notes to Chapter 8 POSTCRIPT APPENDIXES ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS FURTHER READINGS INDEXES

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Table of Contents Part 1 Supplementary Papers and Items Introduction Walter Brian Harland Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 3-7, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.01 The pre-Pleistocene Phanerozoic time-scale — a review Richard St John Lambert Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 9-31, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.02 The pre-Pleistocene Phanerozoic time-scale — further data Richard St John Lambert Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 33-34, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.03 Notes on Pleistocene radiometric age-determinations itemized in this volume Nicholas John Shackleton Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 35-37, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.04 Isotope dating in the U.S.S.R.—an essay-review Nicholas Rast Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 39-49, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.05 Items - Introduction Edward Howel Francis Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 51-52, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.06 Items - Items 338-404 Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 53-111, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.07 Part 2 Towards a Pleistocene Time-scale Summary Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 123-124, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.08 1. Introduction Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 125-126, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.09 2. The Pleistocene palaeomagnetic time-scale Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 127-151, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.10 3. Paleomagnetic dating Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 152-162, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.11 4. The 40 000 year cycle Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 163-180, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.12 5. A possible framework for a Pleistocene classification Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 181-183, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.13 6. The climatic sequence in Atlantic and Caribbean deep-sea cores Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 184-216, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.14 7. The deep-sea cores of the Pacific Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 217-228, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.15 8. The climatic sequence in cores from the Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean and Antarctic Ocean Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 229-232, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.16 9. Radiometric dates Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 233-256, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.17 10. The climatic sequences in lacustrine boreholes Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 257-265, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.18 11. Dates of high-sea-levels derived by extrapolariation from radiometric ages Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 266-270, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.19 12. Some problems of chronology and classification Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 271-281, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.20 13. River terraces and shore-lines in southern England Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 282-300, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.21 14. East Anglia and Essex Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 301-304, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.22 15. The Oxford area Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 305-309, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.23 16. The Severn and Avon terraces and glaciations Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 310-320, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.24 17. Other regions Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 321-325, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.25 18. Summary and conclusions Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 326-333, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.26 19. Acknowledgements Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 334, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.27 Appendix: New evidence from the equatorial Pacific Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 335-340, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.28 References Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 341-351, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.29 Grid-references and co-ordinates of some places mentioned in sections 13 to 16 Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, 352, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.30 Plate: A tentative Pleistocene chronology Percy Evans Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 5, NP, 1 January 1971, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1971.005.01.31

Note: CONTENTS VOLUME 2 Section 6 GULLY DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES Chapter 31 Thresholds of Channel Initiation in Historical and Holocene Times, Southeastern Australia / I. P. Prosser Chapter 32 The Role of Sideslope Gullies in the Production andDelivery of Sediment to Contemporary Terraces, Rambla del Hornillo, Southern Spain / H. Faulkner Chapter 33 Holocene Hillslope Gully Systems in the Howgill Fells, Cumbria / A. M. Harvey Chapter 34 Unsaturated Strength and Preferential Flow as Controls on Gully Head Development / A. J. C. Collison Section 7 SLOPE STABILITY Chapter 35 Landslides and Stability in the Nepalese Middle Hills under Seasonal and Agricultural Land-Use Change Scenarios / K. Wu and J. B. Thornes Chapter 36 Developments in Slope Hydrology-Stability Modelling for Tropical Slopes / M. G. Anderson, A. J. C. Collison, J. Hartshorne, D. M. Lloyd and A. Park Chapter 37 The Mechanics and Landforms of Deep-Seated Landslides / D. Petley Chapter 38 The Assessment and Modelling of Hydrological Failure Conditions of Landslides in the Puriscal Region (Costa Rica) and the Manizales Region (Colombia) / M. T. J. Terlien, P. G. B. De Louw, Th. W. J. Van Asch and R. A. A. Hetterschijt Chapter 39 The Effects of Grass Roots on the Shear Strength of Colluvial Soils in Nepal / C. J. Lawrance, R. J. Rickson and J. E. Clark Chapter 40 Development of an Episodic Landform Change Model based upon the Black Ven Mudslide, 1946-1995 / D. Brunsden and J. H. Chandler Chapter 41 Coastal Slope Development: Temporal and Spatial Periodicity in the Holderness Cliff Recession / J. Pethick Section 8 TROPICAL HILLSLOPE PROCESSES Chapter 42 A New Approach towards the Quantification of Runoff and Eroded Sediment from Bench Terraces in Humid Tropical Steeplands and its Application in South-Central Java, Indonesia / L. A. Bruijnzee/ and W. R. S. Critchley Chapter 43 Hydrological Pathways and Water Chemistry in Amazonian Rain Forests / H. Elsenbeer and A. Lack Chapter 44 Observations on Slope Processes in a Tropical Rain Forest Environment Before and After Forest Plantation Establishment / A. Maimer Chapter 45 Tectonics and Relief in Tropical Forested Mountains: The Gipfelflur Hypothesis Revisited / A. P. Dykes and J. B. Thornes Section 9 SEMI-ARID HILLSLOPE PROCESSES Chapter 46 Hillslope Response to Extreme Storm Events: The Example of the Vaison-La-Romaine Event / J. Wainwright Chapter 47 Geomorphological Implications of Vegetation Patchiness on Semi-arid Slopes / J. Puigdefabregas and G. Sanchez Chapter 48 Runoff and Erosion on Semi-arid Hillslopes / A. J. Parsons, J. Wainwright and A. D. Abrahams Chapter 49 Cuesta Scarp Forms and Processes in Different Attitudinal Belts of the Colorado Plateau as Indicators of Climatic Change / K.-H. Schmidt and P. Meitz Chapter 50 Modelling the Complexity of Land Surface Response to Climatic Variability in Mediterranean Environments / M. Mulligan Section 10 PERIGLACIAL HILLSLOPE PROCESSES Chapter 51 Processes of Thaw-Induced Mass Movement in Non-cohesive Soils: Results of an Instrumented Slope Simulation Experiment / C. Harris and M. C. R. Davies Chapter 52 Paraglacial Slope Adjustment during Recent Deglaciation and Its Implication for Slope Evolution in Formerly Glaciated Environments / C. K. Ballantyne and D. I. Benn Chapter 53 Paraglacial or Periglacial? The Sedimentology of Slope Deposits in Upland Northumberland / S. Harrison Chapter 54 Slow Mass Movements and Climatic Relationships, 1972-1994, Kapp Linné, West Spitzbergen / H. J. Akerman Chapter 55 Rock Weathering and the Formation of Summit Blockfield Slopes in Norway: Examples and Implications / B. R. Rea, W. B. Whalley and E. M. Porter Author Index Subject Index

Note: Chapter 1. Chemical Weathering Rates of Silicate Minerals: An Overview by Arthur F. White and Susan L. Brantley, p. 1 - 22 Chapter 2. Fundamental Approaches in Describing Mineral Dissolution and Precipitation Rates by Antonio C. Lasaga, p. 23 - 86 Chapter 3. Silicate Mineral Dissolution as a Ligand-Exchange Reaction by William H. Casey and Christian Ludwig, p. 87 - 118 Chapter 4. Chemical Weathering Rates of Pyroxenes and Amphiboles by Susan L. Brantley and Y. Chen, p. 119 - 172 Chapter 5. Dissolution and Precipitation Kinetics of Sheet Silicates by Kathryn L. Nagy, p. 173 - 234 Chapter 6. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Controls on Silica Reactivity in Weathering Environments by Patricia M. Dove, p. 235 - 290 Chapter 7. Feldspar Dissolution Kinetics by Alex E. Blum and Lisa L. Stillings, p. 291 - 352 Chapter 8. Chemical Weathering of Silicates in Nature: A Microscopic Perspective with Theoretical Considerations by Michael F. Hochella, Jr. and Jillian F. Banfield, p. 353 - 406 Chapter 9. Chemical Weathering Rates of Silicate Minerals in Soils by Arthur F. White, p. 407 - 462 Chapter 10. Weathering Rates in Catchments by James I. Drever and D. W. Clow, p. 463 - 484 Chapter 11. Estimating Field Weathering Rates using Laboratory Kinetics by Harald Sverdrup and Per Warfvinge, p. 585 - 542 Chapter 12. Relating Chemical and Physical Erosion by Robert F. Stallard, p. 543 - 564 Chapter 13. Chemical Weathering and Its Effect on Atmospheric CO2 and Climate by Robert A. Berner, p. 565 - 583

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: A. Smoothed downwards continuations and the Bjerhammar sphere B. Numerical evaluations about the elimination of the iteration procedure term in the geodetic boundary value problem C. Considerations about the mixed boundary value problems of the geodesy D. Downwards continuations and the proof of the convergence of the spherical - harmonic development for a potential in the exterior of a regular surface E. The global embedding term in the space - time relation between the geodetic measurements and the geological masses

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ I. Общие вопросы геокриологии Типы мерзлых толщ и проблемы криолитологии / Е. М. Катасонов Некоторые актуальные проблемы геокриологии / Б. И. Втюрин, Е. А. Втюрина Выявление географической зональности развития криолитозоны в горных странах / П. А. Соловьев. Влияние температуры горных пород на развитие полигонально-жильных образований / Н. Н. Романовский Причины образования мелких трещинных полиrонов / В. В. Куницкий О понятиях ледяная и земляная жилы / П. А. Соловьев II. Региональные геокриолоrические исследования Экзогенные процессы рельефообразования на севере Западной Сибири / В. Л. Суходровский Вопросы формирования пластовых залежей льда на полуострове Ямал / В. В . Баулин Подземный лед в песчаном аллювии реки Лены / Г. Ф. Гравис, М. С. Иванов Криогенные образования в сезоннопротаивающих эоловых отложениях Центральной Якутии / Е. Г. Катасонова Геокриологическая характеристика Северного Прибайкалья / Т. Н. Соловьева Геокриологические условия долины реки Малые Кидерики (Хребет Сунтар-Хаята) / И. В. Климовский, Н. К. Мишарина, Г. Н. Попова Бугры пучения в бассейне реки Полуя / П. П. Гордеев III. Региональные гидрогеологические исследования Гидрогеолоrическое районирование Севeро-Востока СССР / Н. Н. Индолева, Н. И. Толстихин, О. Н. Толстихин Гидрогеологическое районирование Южной Якутии / И. Г. Артеменко О вертикальной гидрохимической зональности в кристаллических породах Алданского щита / Г. И. Климов Геохимия природных вод среднего течения р. Маи и нижнего течения р. Юдомы / Е. А . Басков, Г. И. Климов Содержание фтора в подмерзлотных водах Центральной Якутии и методы снижения его концентрации / Н. П. Анисимова, Т. В . Голованова Соленые воды в средне кембрийских отложениях приречной зоны р. Лены / В .Л. Белецкий, П. В. Кырбасов Воды таликов и связанные с ними наледи Уяндинюкой впадины и северо-восточной части Селенняхского хребта / Н. Н. Романовский, В. Е. Афанасенко, А. Б. Чижов Режим наледообразующих источников Центральной Якутии / В. М. Пигузова, В. В. Шепелев Оценка наледного питания и наледного стока бассейнов рек Момы и Тихон-Юрях (притоки Индигирки) / В. В. Шепелев , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Vorwort Bankwitz, P.; Bankwitz, E.: Tektonische Fotointerpretation eines Sojus-22-Bildes (MKF-6) vom Südtjanshan-Pamir-Gebiet (UdSSR) Макаров, В.И.; Скобелев, С.Ф.; Трифонов, В.Г.; Флоренский, П.В.: Карта линеаменов территории СССР Bażyński, I.; Motyl-Rakowska, I. : Vorläufige Interpretation des Satellitenbildes "Meteor 25" für das Gebiet Polens Bankwitz, P.; Bankwitz, E.; Frischbutter, A.: Fototektonische Interpretation von Mitteleuropa nach Aufnahmen der sowjetischen Wettersatelliten Meteor 25 und 28 Krull, P.: Zum bruchtektonischen Bau des Territoriums der DDR und angrenzender Gebiete Feirer, K.; Viehweg, M.; Naumann, M.: Vorläufige Ergebnisse zur geologischen Interpretation der METEOR-Aufnahmen vom Territorium der DDR Хосбаяр, П.: О Южно-Монгольском полигоне Bankwitz, P.: Einige methodische Aspekte der Interpretation aerokosmischer Aufnahmen für bruchtektonische Analysen Söllner, R.: Anwendung der digitalen Bildfilterung zur Aufbereitung aerokosmischer Aufnahmen für die visuelle geologische Interpretation Weller, M.; Leiterer, U.; Söllner, R.: Erste Arbeiten zur Bestimmung der spektralen Eigenstrahlung der Atmosphäre in Zenitrichtung unter Verwendung der MKF-6-Aufnahmen Frey, L.; Krämer, I.: Informationen über Möglichkeiten der Nutzung von aerokosmischen Aufnahmen für die Herstellung von Kartengrundlagen der thematischen Kartographie Weichelt, H.: Probleme der Bildbearbeitung mit kohärentem Licht

Note: Vorwort/Preface part I: Development and spatial position of molasses and their region of accumulation Lützner, H.; Vass, D.: Subdivision and stages of development of Variscan and Alpine molasses (on the base of the example of Central European Variscides and West Carpathians) Vass, D.; Krystek, I.; Stranik, Zd.: Tectonic activity in time of formation of Main and Late molasses in Czechoslovakian West Carpathians Vozarova, A.; Vozar, J.: Subdivision and stages of development of Variscan molasse of the Czechoslovakian West Carpathians Schwab, G.: The transition between molasse stage and platform cover in the Variscan Central Europe Волочкоич, К.Л. : Верхнепалеозойские орогенные комплексы и структуры Южного Тянь-Шаня (Late Paleozoic orogenic complexes and structures of Southern Tjan-Schan) Леонов, Ю.Г. ; Щерба, И.Г. : Некоторые особенности верхенекайнозойских моласс в зпиплатформенной активизации юга Средней Азии (Some features of Upper Cenozoic molasee in area of epi-platform reactivation in southern Middle Asia) Щерба, И.Г. : Характерный механизм образовация олистостромов в эпоху горообразования (Typical mechanism of olistostrome formation in orogenic epochs) Леонов, Ю.Г. : Корреляция тектонических движений в орогенных областях (областях молассообразования) и за их пределами (Correlation of tectonic movements within and outside of orogene regions (regions of molasse formation) part II: Geological development of block-tectonics in the region of Elbe-Lineament, especially in the territory of G.D.R. Bankwitz, P.; Frischbutter, A.; Bankwitz, E.: Structure and tectonic development of Elbe-zone Ludwig, A.O.: Die strukturelle Entwicklung des NW-Abschnittes des Elbe-Lineaments und Vergleich mit dem anschließenden SE-Abschnitt im Gebiet der DDR (The structural development of the NW-part of Elbe-lineament and comparison with the south-eastern part on the territory of G.D.R.) Benek, R.: Über Beziehungen des permosilesischen Vulkanismus zum Bruchmuster, speziell zum Elbe-Lineament (On relations of Permo-Silesian volcanism to the fault pattern, especially to the Elbe-lineament) Stackebrandt, W.: Zum tektonischen Charakter der Harznordrandstörung (On tectonic character of Northern Harz border fault system) Janssen, Chr.: Analyse der Spannungsverteilung im Tafeldeckgebirge des Subherzynen Beckens und angrenzender Gebiete (Investigations of distribution of paleostress in platform cover of Subhercyn basin and adjacent regions) Fusan, O.; Kvitkovič, J.; Plancǎr, J.: Bau und Dynamik einiger Blöcke der Westkarpaten (Structure and dynamics of several tectonic blocke of the West Carpathians) Николаев, В.Г.: Консолидированная земная кора паннонского бассейна (The consolidation of earth's crust in the Pannonian Basin)

Note: Masterarbeit, University of Waterloo, 1995 , TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE AUTHOR'S DECLARATION BORROWER'S PAGE ABSTRACT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DEDICATION LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF PLATES CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 PURPOSE 1.3 OBJECTIVES CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 THERMAL REGIME 2.3 INHERENT PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 2.4 HYDROLOGICAL REGIME 2.5 INTEGRATED STUDIES 2.6 SUMMARY CHAPTER 3 STUDY SITE LOCATION 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 REGIONAL CLIMATE 3.3 GEOLOGY 3.4 VEGETATION 3.5 COLOUR LAKE BASIN CHAPTER4 INHERENT PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACTIVE LAYER 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 METHODS 4.3 RESULTS 4.4 DISCUSSION 4.4.1 SS, EIF and GC Transects 4.4.2 Permafrost Transects 4.5 SUMMARY CHAPTER 5 THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACTIVE LAYER 5.1 lNTRODUCTION 5.2 THEORY 5.2.1 Energy Balance 5.2.2 Active Layer Development 5.3 METHODS 5.3.1 Energy Balance 5.3.2 Ground Thermal Regime 5.3.3 Predicting of Active Layer Depths 5.4 RESULTS 5.4.1 Energy Balance 5.4.2 Ground Thermal Regime 5.4.3 Predicting Active Layer Depths 5.5 DISCUSSION 5.S.1 Energy Balance 5.5.2 Ground Temperatures and Ground Heat Flux 5.5.3 Predicting Active Layer Depths 5.6 SUMMARY CHAPTER 6 HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACTIVE LAYER 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.2 THEORY 6.2.1 Moisture Distribution 6.2.2 Maximum Storage within the Active Layer 6.3 METHODS 6.3.1 Moisture Profiles Using TDR 6.3.2 Precipitation and Evaporation 6.3.3 Changes in Water Storage in the Active Layer 6.3.4 Maximum Water Storage in the Active Layer 6.4 RESULTS 6.4.1 Moisture Distribution 6.4.1.1 Water Content Peaks 6.4.1.2 Apparent Unfrozen Water Content 6.4.1.3 Temporal Trends of a Typical Moisture Profile 6.4.1.4 Deviations from a Typical Site 6.4.1.5 Moisture Distribution Along a Hillslope 6.4.2 Precipitation Infiltration 6.4.3. Water Storage 6.5 DISCUSSION 6.5.1 Effect of Hydrology on Active Layer Development 6.5.1.1 Precipitation 6.5.1.2 Ice and Water Content 6.5.1.3 Seasonal Changes in Soil Moisture Distribution 6.5.2 Effect of Active Layer on Hydrology 6.5.2. 1 Impermeable Boundary 6.5.2.2 Subsurface Ponding 6.5.2.3 Permafrost/Active Layer Boundary Topography 6.5.2.4 Effect of Active Layer Hydrology on Surface Water 6.6 SUMMARY CHAPTER 7 CLIMATE CHANGE AND ACTIVE LAYER DEVELOPMENT 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 SUMMARY 7.3 CLIMATE CHANGE 7.3.1 Introduction 7.3.2 Increase of Temperature 7.3.3 Changing Precipitation 7.4 REMOTE SENSING 7.5 RECOMMENDATION FOR FuRTHER RESEARCH APPENDIX A PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS APPENDIX A.1: ACTIVE LAYER DEPTHS APPENDIX B THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS APPENDIX B.1: BASE CAMP METEOROLOGICAL STATION OBSERVATIONS APPENDIX B.2: DAILY ENERGY-BALANCE SUMMARY APPENDIX B.3: MONTHLY AVERAGES FROM THE DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE METEOROLOGICAL STATION APPENDIX B.4: EXAMPLE OF DIURNAL FLUCTUATIONS IN TEMPERATURE AND ENERGY BALANCE COMPONENTS APPENDIX B.5: SOIL TEMPERATURES AT THE INTENSIVE STUDY SITES APPENDIX B.6: ACCUMULATED THAWING DEGREE DAYS APPENDIX B.7: CURVE FOR FENWALL THERMISTORS APPENDIX B.8: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN √ADDT AND √TT APPENDIX C HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS APPENDIX C.1: VOLUMETRIC WATER CONTENT VALUES APPENDIX C.2: POTENTIAL INFILTRATION REFERENCES , Englisch

Note: Contents Kurzfassung Summary 1 Introduction 1.1 Water Regime of Mountain Forests in Winter 1.2 Thermodynamics of Frozen Soils 1.3 Water Flow Pathways in Frozen Soils 1.4 Water Infiltration into and Runoff from Frozen Soils 1.5 Objectives and Outline of this Study 2 Field Measurements of Water Transport in Frozen Soils 2.1 Abstract 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Materials and Methods 2.3.1 Test Site 2.3.2 Instrumentation 2.3.3 Soil Physical Properties 2.4 Results and Discussion 2.4.1 Entire Observation Period 2.4.2 Particular Snowmelt Events 2.4.3 Water Balance of Particular Snowmelt Events 2.5 Summary and Conclusions 3 Water and Solute Dynamics in Freezing Soil Columns 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Materials and Methods 3.3.1 Experimental Setup 3.3.2 Determination of the Liquid Water Content 3.3.3 Determination of the Solute Concentration 3.3.4 Model Approach for the Freezing Characteristic Curve 3.4 Results and Discussion 3.4.l Calibration Results 3.4.2 The Freezing and Thawing Cycle 3.4.3 Freezing Characteristic Curves 3.5 Conclusions 4 Modelling Runoff Dynamics in Sloped Frozen Soils 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Model Description 4.4 Model Application 4.5 Results and Discussion 4.5.1 Sensitivity Analysis 4.5.2 Model Calibration 4.5.3 Model Validation 4.5.4 Influence of Temporal Resolution on Model Output 4.5.5 Climate Change Scenarios 4.6 Summary and Conclusions 5 Concluding Remarks Appendices A Additional Field Measurements B Additional Cold-laboratory Measurements C Model Parameter File List of Symbols List of Figures List of Tables Bibliography Curriculum Vitae

Note: ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ Предисловие Введение Глава I Общие сведения о геологии Западно-Сибирской плиты и положение в ее разрезе готерив-барремских отложений Глава II История литолого-минералогического изучения готерив-барремских отложений Западно-Сибирской низменности Глава III Типы пород готерив-барремских отложений и условия их образования Глава IV Терриrенные минералы готерив-барремских отложений Глава V Особенности распределения терригенных минералов в различных гранулометрических типах пород Глава VI Распространение терригенных минералов в готерив-барремсних отложениях и возможные источники их сноса Заключение Литература , Translation of Table of Contents Preface Introduction Chapter I General information about the geology of the West Siberian plate and the position of Hauterivian-Barremian deposits in its section Chapter II History of the lithological and mineralogical study of the Hauterivian-Barremian deposits of the West Siberian Lowland Chapter III Types of rocks of Hauterivian-Barremian deposits and conditions of their formation Chapter IV Territorial minerals of the Hauterivian-Barremian deposits Chapter V Features of the distribution of terrigenous minerals in various granulometric types of rocks Chapter VI Distribution of terrigenous minerals in Hauterivian-Barremian deposits and possible sources of their removal Conclusion Literature , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Zum Teil in kyrillischer Schrift. , Text in russischer, englischer und französischer Sprache

Note: CONTENTS Principles of Tectonic Zonation On principles of tectonic zonation / Yu. A. Kosygin Methodics of tectonic zonation and mapping / T. N. Spizsharsky Paragenetic analysis of structures, as a base of tectonic mapping and of middle-scale structural mapping of folded regions / A. V. Lukyanov, I. G. Scherba On principles of compiling of middle- and large-scale tectonic maps / I. N. Kazakov On methodics of compiling of regional tectonic maps / A. I. Olly, V. A. Romanov, P. N. Mikhailov To methodics of tectonic mapping of platform oil and gas bearing regions / F. G. Gurary, K. I. Mikulenko, V. S. Staroseltsev Principles of compiling of tectonic map of oil and gas bearing regions of USSR / L. N. Rosanov Notes on tectonic zonation / Ch. B. Borukayev, L. M. Parfyonov Peculiarities of structure of development of arc uplifts, as a base for tectonic and metallogenic zonation / N. A. Fogelman Principles of compiling of tectonic map of Arctic and Subarctic / I. P. Atlasov Principles and methods of tectonic mapping of epypaleozoic platforms / V. S. Bochkarev Some questions of genesis of main fault systems in the south of East Siberia / P. M. Khrenov On problems of zonation of fundament of platforms / L. Ya. Provodnikov, D. V. Puchkova Tectonic terminology, systematics and nomenclature Principles of constructing of tectonic systems of notions, terms and symbols / Yu. A. Kosygin, A. M. Borovikov, V. A. Solovyov Some problems of tectonic nomenclature and systematics / L. I. Krasny The main principles and systems of concepts in the theory of geosynclines / G. S. Gnibidenko, K. S. Shashkin The typification and nomenclature of folded systems in connection with their cyclic development / V. A. Amantov On the evolution of the main types of Earth crust / E. N. Petrov Some regularities of patterns of platform structures, and their systems / V. V. Zabaluev Scheme of morphogenetic classification of deep faults and their terminology / V. A. Dedeev, A. K. Zapol'nov To the problem of classification of deep faults on geological and geophysical indications (on example of the main zones of deep faults in Siberia and Far East) / G. A. Mourzina Typification of fold structures and geotectonic zonation / G.S.Senchenko Types of local structures of geosynclinal and intermediate zones on example of west end of Large Caucasus / A. I. Dyakonov, F. K. Baydov, Yu. D. Kuzmenko Morphogenetic types of local structures of Kempendyay region of salt dislocations / M. K. Weinberg , P. K. Mazaeva, G. S. Fradkin About the terms: "graben", "graben-shape depression", "taphrogeosyncline", "avlakogene" / V. S. Bochkarev Experimental reproduction of tectonic dislocation forms About modern methods of tectonic experiments / I. V. Luchitsky, P. M. Bondarenko, V. I. Gromin, G. D. Ushakov Experimental investigation of conditions of appearing of flow cleavage, in equivalent material / E. I. Patalakha About the possible thermic effect of tectonic deformation of rocks / E. I. Patalakha, V. G. Lee Experimental investigation of deformations, with increasing of volume of the deformations masses / I. V. Kyrillova, E. I. Chertkova Modeling of process of forming of salt structures by solid plastic materials in centrifuge / A. M. Sycheva-Mikhailova New methods of deformation estimations in the models / A. V. Mikhailova About one experiment with investigation of fault systems of globe / V. M. Bourmistenko The mechanizm of forming of Caledonian fundament structure of Minusa depression and its framing (on experimental data) / O. M. Zavgorodsky The stress fields and geologic structures in the south part of Siberian platform and its framing (on modeling data) / V. G. Gladkov, V. P. Nikittn, P. M. Khrenov Deformation of sedimentary rocks under high pressures and temperatures / G. M. Avchan, A. A. Matveenko, Z. B. Stephankevich About tectonophysic analyses of mechanisms of forming of system jointing, on example of Aldan schield / R. I. Grishkyan , СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Принципы тектонического районирования О принципах тектонического районирования / Ю. А. Косыгин Методика составления тектонических карт и принципы тектонического районирования / Т. Н. Спижарский Парагенетический анализ структур как основа тектонического районирования и составления среднемасштабных структурных карт складчатых областей / А. В. Лукьяпов, И. Г. Щерба О принципах еоставления средне- и крупномасштабных тектонических карт / И. Н. Казаков О методике составления региональных тектонических карт / А. И. Олли, В. А. Ромапов, П. Н. Михайлов К методике составления тектонических карт платформенных нефтегазоносных областей / Ф. Г. Гурари, К. И. Микулеико, В. С. Старосельцев Принципы составления тектонической карты нефтегазоносных областей СССР / Л. Н. Розанов Заметки о тектоническом районировании / Ч. Б. Борукаев, Л. М. Парфенов Особенности строения и развития сводовых поднятий как основа для тектонического и металлогенического районирования / Н. А. Фогельман Принципы составления тектонической карты Арктики и Субарктики / И. П. Атласов Принципы и методы тектонического районирования эпипалеозойских платформенных областей / В. С. Бочкарев О некоторых вопросах генезиса главнейших систем разрывов юга Восточной Сибири / П. М. Хренов К проблеме районирования фундамента платформенных областей / Л. Я. Проводпиков, Д. В. Пучкова Тектоническая терминология, систематика и номенклатура Принципы построения систем тектонических понятий, терминов и знаков / Ю. А. Косыгин, А. М. Боровиков, В. А. Соловьев Некоторые проблемы тектонической систематики / Л. И. Красный Основные принципы и системы понятий теории геосинклиналей / Г. С. Гнибидепко, К. С. Шашкин Типизация и номенклатура складчатых систем в связи с цикличностью их развития / В. А. Амантов Об эволюции главных типов земной коры / Е. Н. Петров Некоторые закономерности пространственного размещения платформенных структур и их систематика / В. В. Забалуев Схема морфогенетической классификации глубинных разломов и их терминология / В. А. Дедеев, А. К. Запольиов К проблеме классификации глубинных разломов по геолого-геофизическим признакам (на примере главнейших зон глубинных разломов Сибири и Дальнего Востока) / Г. А. Мурзина Типизация складчатых структур и геотектоническое районирование / Г. С. Сенченко Типы локальных структур геосинклинальной и переходной областей (на примере западного окончания Большого Кавказа) / А. И. Дьяконов, Ф. К. Байдов, Ю. Д. Кузъменко Морфогенетические типы локальных структур Кемпендяйской впадины / М. К. Вейнберг, П. К. Мазаева, Г. С. Фрадкин О терминах "грабен", "грабенообразная впадина", "тафрогеосинклиналь" и "авлакоген" / В. С. Бочкарев Экспериментальное воспроизведение тектонических форм О современных методах тектонического эксперимента / И. В. Лучицкий, П. М. Бондаренко, В. И. Громин, Г. Д. Ушаков Экспериментальное изучение условий возникновения кливажа течения в эквивалентном материале / Е. И. Паталаха О возможном термическом эффекте тектонического деформирования горных пород / Е. И. Паталаха, В. Г. Ли Экспериментальное исследование деформаций связанных сувеличением объема деформируемых масс / И. В. Кириллова, Е. И. Черткова Моделирование процесса формирования соляных структур на твердых пластичных материалах с применением центрифуги / А. М. Сычева-Михайлова Новое в методике оценки деформаций в моделях / А. В. Михайлова Об одном опыте экспериментального изучения разломных структур земного шара / В. М. Бурмистенко Механизм формирования структуры каледонского фундамента Минусинского прогиба и его обрамления (по экспериментальным данным) / О. М. Завгородский Поля напряжений и геологические структуры южной части Сибирской платформы и ее обрамления (по данным моделирования) / В. Г. Гладков. В. П. Никитин, П. М. Хренов Деформации осадочных горных пород под действием высоких давлений и температур / Г. М. Авчян, А. А. Матвеенко, 3. Б. Стефанкевич О тектонофизическом анализе механизма образования системной трещиноватости (на примере Алданского щита) / Р. И. Гришкян , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Contents: Introduction: Roald Amundsen and the Belgica expedition. - 1 The Atlantic crossing. - 2 In South America. - 3 In the straits of Tierra del Fuego. - 4 Geographic discoveries. - 5 Trapped in the ice. - 6 Polar night. - 7 Return of the sun. - 8 Summer. - 9 Escape from the ice. - 10 Return home. - Further Reading. - Appendix. , Aus dem Niederländ. übers.