ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Constant strain-rate tension tests were conducted on remolded saturated frozen Fairbanks silt at various temperatures, strain rates, and densities. It was found that the critical strain rate of the ductile-brittle transition is not temperature-dependent at temperatures down to -5°C, but varies with density. The peak tensile strength decreases considerable with decreasing strain rate for ductile failure, but it decreases slightly with increasing strain rate for brittle fracture. The failure strain remains almost constant at temperatures lower than about -2°C, but it varies with density and strain rate at -5°C. The initial tangent modulus is independent of strain rate and increases with decreasing temperature and density.

Description / Table of Contents: The author measured time series of longitudinal (u) and vertical (w) velocity and temperature (t) and humidity (q) fluctuations with fast-responding sensors in the near-neutrally stable surface layer over a snow-covered field. These series yielded individual spectra and u-w, w-t, w-q and t-q cospectra, phase spectra and coherence spectra for nondimensional frequencies (fz/U) from roughly 0.001 to 10. With the exception of the u-w cospectra, all the spectra and cospectra displayed the expected dependence on frequency in an inertial or inertial-convective subrange. All, however, contained significantly more energy at low frequency than the Kansas neutral-stability spectra and cospectra. This excess low-frequency energy and the erratic behavior of the u-w cospectra imply that forested hills bordering the site on two sides were producing disturbances in the flow field at scales roughly equal to the height of the hills, 100 m. The phase and coherence spectra suggest that internal gravity waves were also frequently present, since the atmospheric boundary layer generally had slightly stable stratification. Consequently, at this complex site, turbulence alone determines the spectra and cospectra at high frequency; at low frequency the spectra and cospectra reflect a combination of topographically generated turbulence and internal waves. From the measured temperature and humidity spectra and the t-q cospectra, the author computed refractive index spectra for light of 0.55-micrometer and millimeter wavelengths. The refractive index spectra had shapes like the other scalar spectra: excess energy at low frequency and an inertial-convective subrange at high frequency.

Description / Table of Contents: The ability to map frazil ice deposits and water channels beneath an ice-covered river in central Alaska using the magnetic induction conductivity (MI) technique has been assessed. The study was performed during the first week of March of 1986 on the Tanana River near Fairbanks and employed a commercially available instrument operating at a fixed frequency with a fixed antenna (coil) spacing and orientation. Comparisons of the MI data with theoretical models based upon physical data measured along three cross sections of the river demonstrate the sensitivity of the MI technique to frazil ice deposits. The conductivity generally derived for the frazil ice deposits encountered is very low (approx. .00063 s/m) when compared with the measured value for water (approx. 0.011 S/m), and is similar to the calculated values for gravel and sandy gravel bed sediments. In all three cross sections, maxima in the apparent conductivity profiles correlated with frazil ice deposits. Difficulties, possibly due to adverse effects of cold weather upon instrument calibration, affected the quantitative performance of the instrument on one cross section, although the interpretation of the data (locations of open channels vs frazil deposits) was qualitatively unaffected.

Description / Table of Contents: The approximate heat balance integral method (HBIM) is extended to the case of a medium with variable properties such as snow. The case of linear variation of thermal conductivity was investigated. An alternative heat balance integral method (AHBIM) was developed. Both constant surface temperature and surface heat flux were considered. A comparison was made of the temperature distribution from the HBIM, AHBIM and an analytical method for the case of constant surface temperature. In general, results agree quite well with the analytical method for small values of dimensionless time τ, but the difference becomes more pronounced as τ increases. It was found that the AHBIM with a quadratic temperature profile gave a somewhat better result, especially when the value of the dimensionless distance η is small. For a specific property function of E(η) = eη, closed form solutions were obtained. The results, when compared with those from HBIM, AHBIM and the analytical method were found to agree exceptionally well with the analytical method, especially for large values of τ.

Description / Table of Contents: This review discusses problems associated with the anomalous temperature-density relations of water. It covers a) onset of convection, b) temperature structure and natural convective heat transfer, and c) laminar forced convective heat transfer in the water/ice system. The onset of convection in a water/ice system was found to dependent on thermal boundary conditions, not a constant value as in the classical fluids that have a monotonic temperature-density relationship. The water/ice system also exhibits a unique temperature distribution in the melt layer immediately after the critical Rayleigh number is exceeded and soon after it establishes a more or less constant temperature region progressively deepening as the melt layer grows. The constant temperature is approximately 3.2°C for water layers formed from above but varies for melt layers from below. The heat flux across the water/ice interface was found to be a weak power function and to increase linearly with temperature for melted layers from above and below, respectively.

Description / Table of Contents: The structure and salinity characteristics of saline ice slabs removed from ice sheets grown in an outdoor pool have been studied and related to the complex relative dielectric permittivity measured with free-space transmission techniques at 4.80 and 9.50 GHz. The saline ice closely simulated arctic sea ice in its structural and salinity characteristics, which were regularly monitored in a number of ice sheets grown during the winters of 1983-84 and 1984-85. In-situ transmission measurements at similar frequencies were also made on the ice sheets themselves using antennas located above and beneath the ice. The slab measurements were made during warming from -29° to -2°C on slabs grown during the winter of 1983-84 (4.75 GHz) and during a warming and cooling cycle over a slightly larger temperature range on slabs grown during the winter of 1984-85 (4.80 and 9.50 GHz).

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. The background of the atmospheric circulation ; 2. Cold outbreak and winter weather ; 3. Cyclone and spring weather ; 4. Rainy season in China (I) ; 5. Rainy season in China (II) ; 6. The subtropical high ; 7. Weather systems on the Tibetan plateau ; 8. Typhoon ; 9. Other tropical weather systems ; 10. Autumn weather

Description / Table of Contents: Two-phase dielectric mixing model results are presented showing the electromagnetic properties of sea ice versus depth. The modeled data are compared with field measurements and show comparable results. It is also shown how the model data can be used in support of impulse radar and airborne electromagnetic(AEM) remote sensing of sea ice. Examples of the remote measurement of sea ice thickness using impulse radar operating in the 80- to 300-MHz frequency band and low-frequency (500 to 30,000 Hz) sounding techniques are presented and discussed. Keywords: Polar regions; Radar pulses.

Description / Table of Contents: Uniaxial constant-stress and constant-strain-rate compression tests were conducted on more than 200 remolded, saturated, frozen specimens of Fairbanks silt under various conditions. A series of curves of stress vs strain rate for various temperatures of strain rates ranging from about 6x10-2 to 10-8s-1show a close strength correspondence between the constant-stress and-costant strain-rate tests. All of these "complete" stress vs strain rate curves could not be described by a single power law or exponential equation, indicating that different deformation mechanisms are dominant within different ranges of strainrate Two critical strain rates for distinguishing between the different deformation mechanisms were ob-served to be near 10- 3 and 10-6 s-1 for the medium-dense frozen Fairbanks silt. The former indicates the transition from ductile failure to moderate brittle fracture as strain rate increases, while the latter indicates the transition from dislocation creep to glide creep (by the authors' definition). Based on the change in flow law, two fundamental creeps were classified: short-term creep, which is governed by glide creep, and long-term creep, which is governed by dislocation creep. The failure criterion of frozen silt has a general form of em x tm = Ef, where m depends only on density, and tm is in minutes if m is not 1. The failure strain Ef was not sensitive to temperature and strain rate over a certain range of strain rates, but it was very sensitive to density. Assur's creep model (1980) for ice was used to fit the creep data in this study. It works well for short-term creep but does not fit as well for long-term creep. The rate process theory was applied to the creep data. A very high value of experimental activation energy was obtained for lower stresses, and a very high value of apparent activation energy was observed for higher temperatures. The peak compressive strength was very sensitive to temperature and strain rate but relatively insensitive to density. While the initial tangent modulus is not-sensitive to strain rate, it increases with decreasing temperature and density.

Description / Table of Contents: During February and March 1980 the physical properties of Weddell Sea pack ice were investigated via core drilling of 66 floes located along the transect of 600 nautical miles from 64°S to 74°S latitude at roughly 40°W longitude. These studies revealed widespread frazil ice in amounts not known to exist in Arctic sea ice of comparable age and thickness. It is estimated from structure studies of 62 of the 66 floes that 54% of the total ice production of the Weddell Sea is generated as frazil. The disposition and exceptional thickness of the frazil show that mechanisms other than surface turbulence effects are involved and imply that the circulation and structure of the water in the upper levels of the Weddell Sea are significantly different from those in the Arctic basin. Salinities of both first-year and multi-year floes are notably higher than those of their Arctic counterparts because summer surface melting is rare or absent in the Weddell Sea; in the Arctic, downward percolating meltwater flushes through the ice and lowers its salinity. Fluorescence was evaluated as a means of revealing biological activity in Weddell Sea pack ice. It proved useful as an index of combined living and dead material in the ice, but measurements failed to establish any consistent relationship between fluorescence and salinity as suggested be earlier work in the Weddell Sea.

Description / Table of Contents: In this report we present results of measurements of the crystalline structure and salinity characteristics of sea ice in Hebron Fiord and vicinity, Labrador. Structurally, the fiord ice was entirely first year and composed predominantly of congelation, columnar-type crystals. At most of the sampling sites the ice exhibited moderately to strongly aligned c-axes consistent with the inferred direction of near surface currents in the fiord. Generally diminished values of bulk salinity at five separate locations reflect the warm ice conditions encountered at the time of sampling (late May) and the effect of meltwater flushing in promoting loss of brine, vertically, from the ice sheet. Observations outside Hebron Fiord indicated the presence of only minor amounts of multiyear ice during the latter part of May.

Description / Table of Contents: This is the third in a series of four reports on the laboratory and field testing of a number of road and airfield subgrades, covering the laboratory repeated-load triaxial testing of five soils in the frozen and thawed states and analysis of the resulting resilient modulus measurements. The laboratory testing procedures allow simulation of the gradual increase in stiffnessfound in frost-susceptible soils after thawing. The resilient modulus is expressed in a nonlinear model in terms of the applied stresses, the soil moisture tension level (for unfrozen soil), the unfrozen water content (for frozen soil) and the dry density. The resilient modulus is about 10 GPa for the frozen material at temperatures in the range of -5° to -8° C. The decrease in modulus with increasing temperature was well-modeled in terms of the unfrozen water content. Upon thaw, the modulus dropped to about 100 MPa and generally increased with increasing confining stress and decreased with increasing principal stress ratio. The modulus also increased with the soil moisture tension level. The resilient Poisson's ratio did not appear to be a systematic function of any of the test variables.

Description / Table of Contents: This report describes the structural analysis of multi-year sea ice samples that were tested in the first phase of a program designed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical properties of multi-year sea ice from the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Each test specimen is classified into one of three major ice texture categories: granular, columnar, or a mixture of columnar and granular ice. The crystallographic orientation, percent columnar ice, and grain size are then evaluated for the granular and/or columnar ice in the sample. Test results are interpreted with respect to these parameters. The overall composition of multi-year ridges is also considered, based on the extensive field sampling that was done in the program

Description / Table of Contents: Thermodynamic properties of electrolyte solutions change rapidly below 25C, but these properties are seldom measured over the low temperature range (below 0C), even though some salt solutions can remain unfrozen to -50C. The heat capacities of concentrated solutions (0.5-0.6 molal) of NaC-H2O were measured from 25C to -40C as part of a study to provide thermodynamic data of salt solutions for use in cold regions chemical and geophysical studies. A differential scanning calorimeter was used to measure specific heat capacity from cooling scans as a function of temperature and concentration. The heat capacity data were fit to the equations of Pitzer and coworkers to obtain activity and osmotic coefficients of NaC and H2O, respectively, below o C. Supercooling of the solutions was encouraged by using a fast scan rate (10d2/minute) so that specific heat could be measured to lower temperatures than would be possible if the solutions were allowed to equilibrate with the solid phases. The solubility of ice was calculated and compared to the experiment freezing point of NaC solutions.

Description / Table of Contents: An account of the results of the 2 March 1987 earthquake in the eastern Bay of Plenty and the aftermath's effects on the people and places on the Rangitaiki Plains

Description / Table of Contents: Jim Marshall: Diagenesis and Sedimentary Sequences—Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:v-vi, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.01: Diagenetic Processes --- Ian R. Goldsmith and Peter King: Hydrodynamic modelling of cementation patterns in modern reefs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:1-13, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.02 --- H. G. Machel: Some aspects of diagenetic sulphate-hydrocarbon redox reactions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:15-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.03 --- S. N. Palmer and M. E. Barton: Porosity reduction, microfabric and resultant lithification in UK uncemented sands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:29-40, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.04 --- R. Raiswell: Non-steady state microbiological diagenesis and the origin of concretions and nodular limestones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:41-54, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.05 --- E. A. Warren: The application of a solution-mineral equilibrium model to the diagenesis of Carboniferous sandstones, Bothamsall oilfield, East Midlands, England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:55-69, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.06 --- Early Diagenesis --- T. R. Astin: Petrology (including fluorescence microscopy) of cherts from the Portlandian of Wiltshire, UK—evidence of an episode of meteoric water circulation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:73-85, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.07 --- Greg A. Carson: Silicification fabrics from the Cenomanian and basal Turonian of Devon, England: isotopic results / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:87-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.08 --- J. D. Kantorowicz, I. D. Bryant, and J. M. Dawans: Controls on the geometry and distribution of carbonate cements in Jurassic sandstones: Bridport Sands, southern England and Viking Group, Troll Field, Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:103-118, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.09 --- J. J. Pueyo Mur and M. Inglés Urpinell: Magnesite formation in recent playa lakes, Los Monegros, Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:119-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.10 --- C. Taberner and C. Santisteban: Mixed-water dolomitization in a transgressive beach-ridge system, Eocene Catalan Basin, NE Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:123-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.11 --- R. D. A. Smith: Early diagenetic phosphate cements in a turbidite basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:141-156, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.12 --- Zhao Xun and Ian J. Fairchild: Mixing zone dolomitization of Devonian carbonates, Guangxi, South China / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:157-170, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.13 --- Regional Studies and Burial Diagenesis --- A. H. Bath, A. E. Milodowski, and B. Spiro: Diagenesis of carbonate cements in Permo-Triassic sandstones in the Wessex and East Yorkshire-Lincolnshire Basins, UK: a stable isotope study / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:173-190, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.14 --- J. R. Boles: Six million year diagenetic history, North Coles Levee, San Joaquin Basin, California / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:191-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.15 --- D. Emery: Trace-element source and mobility during limestone burial diagenesis—an example from the Middle Jurassic of eastern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:201-217, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.16 --- Lynton S. Land and R. Stephen Fisher: Wilcox sandstone diagenesis, Texas Gulf Coast: a regional isotopic comparison with the Frio Formation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:219-235, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.17 --- David C. Harris and William J. Meyers: Regional dolomitization of subtidal shelf carbonates: Burlington and Keokuk Formations (Mississippian), Iowa and Illinois / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:237-258, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.18 --- J. D. Hudson and J. E. Andrews: The diagenesis of the Great Estuarine Group, Middle Jurassic, Inner Hebrides, Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:259-276, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.19 --- Fred J. Longstaffe and Avner Ayalon: Oxygen-isotope studies of clastic diagenesis in the Lower Cretaceous Viking Formation, Alberta: implications for the role of meteoric water / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:277-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.20 --- J. Parnell: Secondary porosity in hydrocarbon-bearing transgressive sandstones on an unstable Lower Palaeozoic continental shelf, Welsh Borderland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:297-312, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.21 --- G. C. Saigal and K. Bjørlykke: Carbonate cements in clastic reservoir rocks from offshore Norway—relationships between isotopic composition, textural development and burial depth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:313-324, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.22 --- G. E. Strong and A. E. Milodowski: Aspects of the diagenesis of the Sherwood Sandstones of the Wessex Basin and their influence on reservoir characteristics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:325-337, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.23 --- C. B. de Wet: Deposition and diagenesis in an extensional basin: the Corallian Formation (Jurassic) near Oxford, England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:339-353, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.24

Description / Table of Contents: P. P. E. Weaver, J. Thomson, and P. M. Hunter: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:vii-xii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.01 --- Orrin H. Pilkey: Sedimentology of basin plains / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:1-12, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.02 --- A. Kuijpers, E. J. Th. Duin, and G. J. de Lange: Areal sedimentation rate patterns of the southern Nares Abyssal Plain, western N Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:13-22, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.03 --- Michael T. Ledbetter and Adam Klaus: Influence of bottom currents on sediment texture and sea-floor morphology in the Argentine Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:23-31, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.04 --- Robert B. Kidd, Peter M. Hunter, and Robert W. Simm: Turbidity-current and debris-flow pathways to the Cape Verde Basin: status of long-range side-scan sonar (GLORIA) surveys / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:33-48, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.05 --- R. C. Searle: Regional setting and geophysical characterization of the Great Meteor East area in the Madeira Abyssal Plain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:49-70, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.06 --- P. P. E. Weaver and R. G. Rothwell: Sedimentation on the Madeira Abyssal Plain over the last 300 000 years / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:71-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.07 --- S. R. J. Williams: Faulting in abyssal-plain sediments, Great Meteor East, Madeira Abyssal Plain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:87-104, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.08 --- Q. J. Huggett: Mapping of hemipelagic versus turbiditic muds by feeding traces observed in deep-sea photographs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:105-112, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.09 --- P. J. Schultheiss and M. Noel: Evidence of pore-water advection in the Madeira Abyssal Plain from pore-pressure and temperature measurements / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:113-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.10 --- L. E. Shephard, A. K. Rutledge, W. R. Bryant, and K. M. Moran: Geotechnical characteristics of fine-grained turbidite sequences from the Nares Abyssal Plain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:131-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.11 --- Gert J. de Lange, Ian Jarvis, and Antoon Kuijpers: Geochemical characteristics and provenance of late Quaternary sediments from the Madeira Abyssal Plain, N Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:147-165, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.12 --- J. Thomson, S. Colley, N. C. Higgs, D. J. Hydes, T. R. S. Wilson, and J. Sørensen: Geochemical oxidation fronts in NE Atlantic distal turbidites and their effects in the sedimentary record / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:167-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.13 --- Ian Jarvis and Nigel Higgs: Trace-element mobility during early diagenesis in distal turbidites: late Quaternary of the Madeira Abyssal Plain, N Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:179-214, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.14 --- D. Heggie, C. Maris, A. Hudson, J. Dymond, R. Beach, and J. Cullen: Organic carbon oxidation and preservation in NW Atlantic continental margin sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:215-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.15

Description / Table of Contents: D. R. Bowes: Janet Watson—an appreciation and bibliography / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:1-5, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.01 --- John Sutton and Janet Watson: The Lewisian complex: questions for the future / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:7-11, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.02 --- R. G. Park and J. Tarney: The Lewisian complex: a typical Precambrian high-grade terrain? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:13-25, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.03 --- D. J. Fettes and J. R. Mendum: The evolution of the Lewisian complex in the Outer Hebrides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:27-44, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.04 --- J. Tarney and B. L. Weaver: Geochemistry of the Scourian complex: petrogenesis and tectonic models / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:45-56, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.05 --- H. R. Rollinson and M. B. Fowler: The magmatic evolution of the Scourian complex at Gruinard Bay / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:57-71, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.06 --- A. C. Barnicoat: The causes of the high-grade metamorphism of the Scourie complex, NW Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:73-79, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.07 --- J. D. Sills and H. R. Rollinson: Metamorphic evolution of the mainland Lewisian complex / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:81-92, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.08 --- I. Cartwright and A. C. Barnicoat: Petrology of Scourian supracrustal rocks and orthogneisses from Stoer, NW Scotland: implications for the geological evolution of the Lewisian complex / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:93-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.09 --- N. M. S. Rock, A. E. Davis, D. Hutchison, M. Joseph, and T. K. Smith: The geochemistry of Lewisian marbles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:109-126, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.10 --- M. P. Coward and R. G. Park: The role of mid-crustal shear zones in the Early Proterozoic evolution of the Lewisian / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:127-138, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.11 --- R. G. Park, A. Crane, and M. Niamatullah: Early Proterozoic structure and kinematic evolution of the southern mainland Lewisian / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:139-151, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.12 --- J. Wheeler, B. F. Windley, and F. B. Davies: Internal evolution of the major Precambrian shear belt at Torridon, NW Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:153-163, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.13 --- P. Attfield: The structural history of the Canisp Shear Zone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:165-173, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.14 --- S. H. White and J. Glasser: The Outer Hebrides Fault Zone: evidence for normal movements / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:175-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.15 --- J. Hall: Physical properties of Lewisian rocks: implications for deep crustal structure / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:185-192, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.16 --- D. K. Smythe: Deep seismic reflection profiling of the Lewisian foreland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:193-203, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.17 --- J. D. A. Piper: The palaeomagnetic record in the Lewisian terrain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:205-215, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.18 --- J. Tarney and B. L. Weaver: Mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry of the Scourie dykes: petrogenesis and crystallization processes in dykes intruded at depth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:217-233, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.19 --- J. S. Myers: The East Greenland Nagssugtoqidian mobile belt compared with the Lewisian complex / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:235-246, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.20 --- J. Korstgård, B. Ryan, and R. Wardle: The boundary between Proterozoic and Archaean crustal blocks in central West Greenland and northern Labrador / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:247-259, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.21 --- R. P. Hall, D. J. Hughes, and C. R. L. Friend: Mid-Archaean basic magmatism of southern West Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:261-275, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.22 --- J. S. Myers: High-grade terrains in and around the Yilgarn Block of Western Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:277-284, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.23 --- S. L. Harley and L. P. Black: The Archaean geological evolution of Enderby Land, Antarctica / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:285-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.24 --- J. D. Sills, K. Wang, Y. Yan, and B. F. Windley: The Archaean high grade gneiss terrain in E Hebei Province, NE China: geological framework and conditions of metamorphism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:297-305, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.25

Description / Table of Contents: Table of Contents: U-Pb and Rb-Sr age determinations on Caledonian plutonic rocks in the central part of the Scoresby Sund region, East Greenland / B. T. Hansen, R. H. Steiger & N. Henriksen. - Archaean U-Pb zircon ages form the Soresby Sund region, East Greenland / K. Higgins & B. Borchardt. - Isotopic age dating in Liverpool Land, East Greenland / B. T. Hansen & J. D. Friderichsen. - Rb-Sr and K-AR Caledonian ages from the Upper Eleonore Bay Group and Cambrian metasediments of the East Greenland Caledonian fold belt / M. G. Bonhomme & R. Caby

Description / Table of Contents: When Van't Hoff calculated the effect of solution composition on the gypsum-anhydrite transition a century ago, he solved a significant geochemical problem (Hardie, 1967). Other well known examples of the early use of chemical thermodynamics in geology are Bowen's calculations of the plagioclase melting loop and the diopside-anorthite eutectic (Bowen, 1913, 1928). Except for a few specialists, however, these techniques were largely ignored by earth scientists during the first half of the 20th century. The situation changed dramatically by the 1950's when more and better thermodynamic data on geologic materials became available, and when thermodynamic arguments of increasing sophistication began to permeate the petrologic and geochemical literature. This rejuvenation was spearheaded by D.S. Korzhinskii, H. Ramberg, J.B. Thompson, J. Verhoogen and others. Today a graduating petrologist or geochemist can be expected to have a thorough grounding in geological thermodynamics. Rapid intellectual growth in a field brings with it the difficulty of keeping abreast of parallel and diverging specialties. In order to alleviate this problem, we asked a group of active researchers to contribute up-to-date summaries relating to their specialties in the thermodynamic modeling of geological materials, in particular minerals, fluids and melts. Whereas each of these topics could fill a book, by covering the whole range we hope to emphasize similarities as much as differences in the treatment of various materials. For instance, there are useful parallels to be noted between Margules parameters and Pitzer coefficients. The emphasis here is on modeling, after the required data have been collected, and the approach ranges form theoretical to empirical. We deliberately imposed few restrictions on the authors. Some chose to interpret modeling in the rigorous thermodynamic sense, while others approached their topics from more general geochemical viewpoints. We hope that any lack of unity and balance is compensated for by a collection of lively and idiosyncratic essays in which students and professionals will find new ideas and helpful hints. If the selection appears tilted towards fluids, it is because other recent summaries have emphasized minerals and melts. The editors and authors of this volume presented a short course, entitled "Thermodynamic Modeling of Geological Materials: Minerals, Fluids amd Melts," October 22-25, 1987, at the Wickenburg Inn near Phoenix, Arizona.