ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: PART I PARTICLE SIMULATIONS --- INTRODUCTION TO PARTICLE SIMULATION MODELS AND OTHER APPLICATION TO ELECTROSTATIC PLASMA WAVES / Hideo Okuda / pp. 3-41 --- PARTICLE SIMULATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND ITS APPLICATION TO SPACE PLASMAS / Hiroshi Matsumoto and Yoshiharu Omura / pp. 43-102 --- RELATIVISTIC CODE APPLIED TO RADIATION GENERATION / A. T. Lin / pp. 103-116 --- MODERN DEVELOPMENT IN PARTICLE SIMULATION / J. C. Adam / pp. 117-130 --- PART II MHD SIMULATIONS --- PRINCIPLES OF MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION IN SPACE PLASMAS / Tetsuya Sato / pp. 133-153 --- MHD MODELLING OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETOSPHERE / C. C. Wu / pp. 155-177 --- NUMERICALLY-SIMULATED FORMATION AND PROPAGATION OF INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS / S. T. Wu / pp. 179-201 --- ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT BY KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITIES / Akira Miura / pp. 203-224 --- PART III OTHER-METHOD SIMULATIONS --- PARTICLE BEHAVIOR IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE / R. A. Wolf and R. W. Spiro / pp. 227-254 --- HYBRID SIMULATION TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO THE EARTH'S BOW SHOCK / D. Winske and M. M. Leroy / pp. 255-278 --- VLASOV SIMULATION OF ION ACOUSTIC DOUBLE LAYERS / G. Chanteur / pp. 279-301 --- SIMULATION MODELS FOR SPACE PLASMAS AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AS A KEY TO THEIR DESIGN AND ANALYSIS / Christian T. Dum / pp. 303-375

Description / Table of Contents: I. Introduction --- 1. Computer Experiments of Space Plasmas --- II. Simulation Techniques --- 2. KEMPO1 --- 3. TRISTAN --- 4. MACRO-EM --- 5. HYBRID CODES --- 6. TWO-DIMENSIONAL MHD CODE --- 7. HIGH-PRECISION MHD SIMULATION --- 8. TUTORIAL FOR UNIX OPERATIONS --- III. Simulation Software --- 9. KEMPO1 --- 10. TRISTAN --- 11. MACROEM --- 12. HYBRID1 --- 13. MHD2 --- 14. WAVE

Description / Table of Contents: OPENING ADDRESS On behalf of the Local Organizing Committee, I welcome you all to the first International Workshop on GPS-techniques in surveying and geodesy held at this university. This workshop is designed to bring together experts from various countries and also scientists who carry out, analyze and interpret such measurements with those who work on instrumental and theoretical problems. The workshop focuses hereby on high-precision applications with emphasis on monitoring time-dependent phenomena such as those relevant to geodynamics as well as men-made constructions as those in civil engineering and similar fields. It is astonishing to see how, in spite of all earlier satellite work over the last two decades, GPS-methods became so fast a relevant new technology, in its proper sense, in modern geodesy and surveying besides VLBI and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). With the recent development of new dual-frequency receivers the role of GPS-procedures in monitoring large-scale phenomena over big distances will still expand; and the application of kinematical GPS-approaches is of utmost interest in solving high-precision problems. It is indeed fascinating to realize how GPS-methods have become in such a short time a surprisingly efficient and effective, this means : fast, precise and easy to apply, tool which is able to replace already now, after a few years of existence and with an incomplete set of a few out of the 18 satellites (of the final stage), at least partially some expensive, slow and cumbersome classical surveying methods. On the other hand, it cannot be overemphasized that GPS-procedures are still at their beginning and the full spectrum of their capabilities still has to be explored. In Europe, for example, where excellent classical surveying systems do exist the situation is quite different from the situation in other countries such as Canada or the USA. Even within Europe the application types of GPS-methods will vary; for example, in Norway the situation is quite different from central European countries. It is often forgotten, that together with GPS we will have to introduce new concepts and a new thinking in combination with other modern satellite procedures. GPS itself can resolve only a small part of the problems to be solved by modern geodesy but it will open the way to a great variety of new applications and capabilities. Modern global tectonics is just one of the new disciplines of high interest and great practical impact. I could continue in citing other similarly important new fields. GPS is, however, of special importance because it replaces old technologies and fills gaps where modern and efficient tools are most needed. Consequently, also the optimal combination of GPS-methods with new auxiliary and also classical high-precision techniques is of great importance, mainly under the european conditions outlined above. Moreover, the real-time or almost-real-time use of GPS in combination with photogrammetry, inertial geodesy, gravity gradiometry or even classical surveying is of substantial interest. It is indeed important to realize the new concepts in modern satellite and space methods and I, therefore, spoke above of a new "technology" which should be optimally developed as there is a worldwide need of such capabilities and tools. In view of the few active NAVSTAR-satellites in sky in 1988 this is perhaps not the best year for GPS-applications but the right time for a review of the experience gained until now and using it as a base for the planning of the future...

Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION The awareness that mankind is able to influence and modify not only the local but also the global climate has led to a strongly growing interest in climate research. Strengthened research activities, which also made use of improved and novel experimental techniques, have yielded a wealth of information on climatic patterns in the past. At the same time, climate modelling has made much progress. While some questions have been answered, new problems have been recognized. One question related to anthropogenio climatic change is about the nature and causes of natural variations, against the background of which man-made changes must be viewed. The contributions to this volume all deal with the variabilitY of climate. Some papers are reviews of the knowledge to a current topic, others have more the character of an original contribution. The obseryational studies cover the range from year-to-year variations up to glacial-interglacial contrast, thereby going from instrumental data to results from proxy records...

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE The search for tin dates back to the earliest days of civilization. For about 40 years, world tin mining has oscillated at a level of 150,000-250,000 t Sn/year, with a mine output in 1989 of 210,000 t Sn (MCS 1990). This figure corresponds to a current annual value of about US$1.5 billion and places tin ninth on the metal market behind iron, gold, uranium, copper, zinc, silver, platinum and nickel. Tin deposits belong to the granite-related ore deposit spectrum which includes many metals vital to current and future technologies such as Cu, W, Mo, U, Nb, Ta, Ag, Au, Sb, Bi, As, Pb, Zn, REE, Be, Ga and Li. The granitic rocks associated with tin and tin-tungsten deposits have long been identified as a special group of granites, the so-called tin granites. These rocks provide a unique opportunity to study the magmatic and hydrothermal history of tin ore formation. Tin granites are more easily identifiable as parent rocks for tin (and tungsten) mineralization than is the case for other mineralized granitic rocks such as molybdenum and copper porphyries. The magmatic molybdenum and copper distribution patterns are more complex (control by sulfide solubilities), and commonly obliterated by fluid interaction. The relatively simple situation of tin granites provides therefore an invaluable opportunity to study some metallogenic aspects of magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits in general. The present study attempts to develop a general metallogenic model for tin in identifying the essential or relevant processes in tin ore formation. The methodological principle is based, on an interplay between a background of some basic petrogenetic concepts and a number of specific local and regional data on tin deposits and tin provinces, with particular reference to those areas with which the author is most familiar with (Bolivia, SE Asia, Europe). This inductive approach condenses the many apparently specific complexities encountered in individual ore deposits to a few major processes of general importance. The inherent reductionism may have a personal bias which is probably inevitable in any simple and broad-scale picture ("Apr6s tout, la raison est bien I'esclave des passions"; Feyerabend 1979:210). The critical problem of the relevance of those factors chosen for our model can be judged by its degree of consistency and predictive capability for new and analogous cases...

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE This volume comprises the main lectures delivered at the Fourth International Summer School in the Mountains on "Mathematical and Numerical Techniques in Physical Geodesy", held from August 25 to September 5, 1986 in Admont, Austria. The School was organized by the Institute of Theoretical Geodesy of the Technical University Graz, Austria under the auspices of the International Association of Geodesy. All five continents were represented by 70 participants from over 20 countries. The purpose of the Summer School was to provide an introduction to advanced techniques which represent the mathematical vehicle for the treatment of modern geodetic problems, to familiarize participants with the present state of the art of global and local gravity field determination methods, ranging from orbit theory, the key satellite techniques, to inertial and standard terrestrial methods, and to discuss future scientific developments. The arrangement of this volume matches the sequence of lectures given at the School. The theoretical PART A represents the mathematical framework of modern physical geodesy, the application PART B deals with the key satellite and surface techniques, providing the detailed structure of the earth's gravity field. PART A: One of the main goals in physical geodesy, global and local gravity field determination, is pursued by extensively applying functional analytic methods. Recently special attention is being given to the base function and norm choice problem, and to the establishment of a sound link between density distributions inside the earth as the source and observed or estimated gravity field quantities as the effect. The lectures by C.C. Tscherning focus on this topic. Space and time dependent problems of discrete and continuous type are encountered in modern geodesy nowadays and dealt with in the lectures by F. Sans6. Estimation theory either in its stochastic or statistic formulation plays a key role in the processing of processes like the earth's gravity field. The consistent processing of large structured data sets calls for equally structured numerical algorithms. Spectral analysis with its powerful fast Fourier transform has become a common tool for the treatment of such problems. An introduction to spectral methods, supplemented by numerous examples, is provided by B. Hofmann-Wellenhof and H. Moritz. PART B: The theory of orbit dynamics, tailored to the near circular orbits of most geodetic satellites, is fundamental to modern geodetic satellite techniques and discussed in the lectures by O.L. Colombo. Particular emphasis is put on the interplay between orbit perturbations and the earth's disturbing gravity field and its mapping by satellite techniques like satellite altimetry, satellite-tosatellite tracking and satellite gradiometry. Satellite gradiometry, which is discussed in the lectures by R. Rummel in detail, with regard to the geometric structure of the gravitational field, the observability of the gradients, and the mathematical model underlying the gravity field recovery problem, promises to provide particularly detailed information about the gravity field of our planet. The global structure of the earth's gravity field is described in terms of earth gravity field models which are derived from both satellite and surface data. The many delicate, mathematically as well as numerically challenging problems, related to the consistent processing of very large space distributed data sets, and proposed solutions are presented in the lecture by R.H. Rapp. For many years various attempts have been made to explain the shorter wavelength part of the earth's anomalous gravity field by isostatic phenomena. Recently several high resolution topographicisostatic earth models have been computed based on global digital terrain data using different techniques fo~ the estimation of the parameters of the chosen isostatic model. A declared goal is the maximum smoothing of the observed gravity field by removing the contribution of the topography and its isostatic compensation. This topic is discussed in the lectures by H. SUnkel. Inertial methods are steadily gaining importance, power and application. This is not only due to hardware improvements in terms of precision and reliability, but also due to recent advances in the mathematical and numerical modelling of the system's performance. An investigation of the error characteristics of inertial survey systems and their interaction with the anomalous gravity field, studied in the framework of dynamic system analysis, is the topic of the lectures by K.-P. Schwarz and the key issue for further improvements and possible integrations with other positioning systems. Geodetic data have both geometric and physical ingredients of various nature. Standard geodetic processing procedures aim at a separation of geometry from physics. Integrated geodesy, in contrast, has been designed as a very sophisticated melting pot which handles practically all available geodetic data in a consistent and optimal way.lt handles surface and satellite data with either geometrically or gravity field dominated content, and geophysical data in terms of density and seismic informatlon just as well and represents as such the great synthesis of mathematical modelling in connexion with geodetic data processing techniques; these advanced ideas are presented in the lectures by G. Hein. This volume presents highlights of modern geodetic activity and takes the reader to the frontiers of current research. It is not a textbook on a closed and limited subject, but rather a reference book for graduates and scientists working in the vast and beautiful, demanding but rewarding field of earth science in general and physical geodesy in particular. The editor expresses his appreciation to all authors of this volume for their advice and help in formulating and designing the scientific program of the Summer School, for providing typewritten lecture notes, and for their excellent cooperation.

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE During the last decades, remarkable progress in heat flow studies has been made and a rough picture of the global surface heat flow density distribution can now be drawn. Simultaneously, the question of over which time period the surface heat flow is constant arose. There is a big field of model calculations, based on the changes in radioactive heat generation of the Earth, on plate motions, on stretching hypotheses or on other ideas, which result in geotherms in the geological past. Although these speculative paleogeotherms seem to be realistic especially in oceanic areas they do not belong to the scope of this book. In continental areas however, it is not possible to find a simple time dependence of the surface heat flow density. However, petroleum research and tectogenetic studies are very interested in the geothermal history of sedimentary basins and other continental areas. To obtain satisfactory results, a more or less direct determination of paleo heat flow density or geothermal gradient would be necessary to give more certain boundary conditions for calculating oil generation, and for controlling tectogenetic hypotheses. There are many methods available in the geosciences to determine temperatures in the geological past. Most of these models are able to estimate temperatures at which a mineral or a mineral assemblage was formed. These methods, however, are mostly unsuitable to reach the main goal of paleogeothermics in general, which is to determine the (regional) heat flow density variations during the geological past for bigger geological units, such as sedimentary basins. The methods applied most in sedimentary basins have been deduced from the degree of coalification of organic matter. Although much effort has been made to explain analytically the organic metamorphism, the results found up to now have been insufficient . However, the widespread application of this thermometer to estimate ancient thermal conditions is also reflected in the contents of this very volume where the interpretation of the degree of coalification of organic matter plays an important role. As well as this geothermometers, other methods are reviewed from a geophysical viewpoint which favours methods suitable to determine a paleothermal state of the upper crust. Further contributions of this book deal with - the history of the earth's surface temperature whose change provides an essential correction factor in heat flow density determinations, - isotope geothermometers and their application to various environments to evaluate thermal conditions in the past geological history, - an application of the radiometric dating method to retrace the paleothermal condition of the Central Alps. Most of the contributions were presented at the symposium "Paleogeothermics" which was held at the 18. General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, August 15-27, 1983 in Hamburg/FRG. It has been the first time that such a symposium has been organized by the International Heat Flow Commission, and this book presents an attempt to define paleogeothermics under the auspices of the International Heat Flow Commission.

Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION Theoretical modelling and the use of mathematical methods are presently gaining in importance since progress in both geology and mathematics offers new possibilities to combine both fields. Most geological problems are inherently geometrical and morphological, and, therefore, amenable to a classification of forms from a "Gestalt point of view". Geometrical objects have to possess an inherent stability in order to preserve their essential quality under slight deformations. Otherwise, we could hardly conceive of them or describe them, and today's observation would not reproduce yesterday's result (DANGELMAYR & GÜTTINGER, 1982). This principle has become known as "structural stability" (THOM, 1975), i.e. the persistence of a phenomenon under all allowed perturbations. Stability is also, of course, an assumption of classical Newtonian physics, which is essentially the theory of various kinds of smooth behavior (POSTON &STEWART, 1978). However, things sometimes "jump". A new species with a different morphology appears suddenly in the paleontological record (EI.DREDGE & GOULD, 1972), a fault develops, a landslide moves, a computer program becomes unstable with a certain data configuration, etc. It is, surprisingly, the topological approach which permits the study of a broad range of such phenomena in a coherent manner (POSTON & STEWART, 1978; LU, 1976; STEWART, 1982). The universal singularities and bifurcation processes derived from the concept of structural stabiIity determine the spontaneous formation of qualitatively similar spatio-temporal structures in systems of various geneses exhibiting critical behavior (DANGELMAYR & GÜTTINGER, 1982; THOM, 1975; POSTON & STEWART, 1978; GÜTTINGER & EIKEMEIER, t979; STEWART, 1981). In addition, this return to a "geometrization of phenomena"-- after decades of algorithmization-- comes much closer to the geologist's intuitive geometric reasoning. It is the aim of this study to elucidate, by examples, how the qualitative geometrical approach allows one to classify forms and to control the behavior of complex computer algorithms...

Description / Table of Contents: Pages 1-13 / Maars of the Westeifel, Germany / G. Büchel --- Pages 15-60 / Syn- and post-eruptive mechanism of the Alaskan Ukinrek Maars in 1977 / G. Büchel, V. Lorenz --- Pages 61-80 / Maars and maar lakes of the Westeifel Volcanic Field / Jörg F. W. Negendank, Bernd Zolitschka --- Pages 81-94 / Maars of northern Auvergne (Massif Central, France): State of knowledge / E. Juvigné, G. Camus, A. de Goër de Herve --- Pages 95-107 / Palaeoenvironmental investigations on long sediment cores from volcanic lakes of Lazio (central Italy)—An overview / Maria Follieri, Donatella Magri, Biancamaria Narcisi --- Pages 109-116 / Geophysical mapping of organic sediments / Stefan Wende, Reinhard Kirsch --- Pages 117-118 / Preliminary uniboom survey of the Monticchio Lakes (southern Italy) / A. Stefanon --- Pages 119-128 / Sonar investigations in the Laghi di Monticchio (Mt. Vúlture, Italy) / Ralph B. Hansen --- Pages 129-148 / Climatic and tectonic effects on sedimentation in central Italian volcano lakes (Latium)—Implications from high resolution seismic profiles / F. Niessen, A. Lami, P. Guilizzoni --- Pages 149-161 / Sediments and basin analysis of Lake Schalkenmehrener Maar / T. Heinz, B. Rein, J. F. W. Negendank --- Pages 163-171 / Organic carbon contents of sediments from Lake Schalkenmehrener Maar: A paleoclimate indicator / B. Rein, J. F. W. Negendank --- Pages 173-194 / Basin analysis for selected time-frames using sedimentation rates in Lake Meerfelder Maar (Westeifel FRG) / F. Wegner, J. F. W. Negendank --- Pages 195-208 / Turbidites in the sediments of Lake Meerfelder Maar (Germany) and the explanation of suspension sediments / D. Drohmann, J. F. W. Negendank --- Pages 209-222 / Paleoclimate reconstruction at the Pleistocene/Holocene transition—A varve dated microstratigraphic record from Lake Meerfelder Maar (Westeifel, Germany) / D. Poth, J. F. W. Negendank --- Pages 223-235 / Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Late- and Postglacial sedimentary record of Lake Weinfelder Maar / A. Brauer, J. F. W. Negendank --- Pages 237-275 / Sedimentology and paleoenvironment from the Maar Lac du Bouchet for the last climatic cycle, 0-120,000 years (Massif Central, France) / Elisabeth Truze, Kerry Kelts --- Pages 277-288 / Lago Grande di Monticchio (southern Italy) a high resolution sedimentary record of the last 70,000 years / Bernd Zolitschka, Jörg F. W. Negendank --- Pages 289-304 / A multidisciplinary study of the Vico Maar sequence (Latium, Italy): Part of the last cycle in the Mediterranean area. Preliminary results / P. Francus, S. Leroy, I. Mergeai, G. Seret, G. Wansard --- Pages 305-316 / Environmental geology and geochemistry of lake sediments (Holzmaar, Eifwl, Germany) / B. G. Lottermoser, R. Oberhänsli, B. Zolitschka, J. F. W. Negendank, U. Schütz… --- Pages 317-332 / Geochemistry of Lago Grande di Monticchio, S. Italy / C. Robinson, G. B. Shimmield, K. M. Creer --- Pages 333-348 / Tephrochronology of core C from Lago Grande di Monticchio / Anthony J. Newton, Andrew J. Dugmore --- Pages 349-365 / A palaeomagnetic study of maar-lake sediments from the Westeifel / B. Haverkamp, Th. Beuker --- Pages 367-376 / Preliminary 50m palaeomagnetic records from Lac du Bouchet, Haute Loire, France / T. Williams, K. M. Creer, N. Thouveny --- Pages 377-392 / Palaeomagnetic investigations of Lago Grande di Monticchio, southern Italy / Ian Turton --- Pages 393-420 / Late-Glacial/Holocene changes of the climatic and trophic conditions in three Eifel maar lakes, as indicated by faunal remains. I. Cladocera / Wolfgang Hofmann --- Pages 421-433 / Late-glacial/Holocene changes of the climatic and trophic conditions in three Eifel maar lakes, as indicated by faunal remains. II. Chironomidae (Diptera) / Wolfgang Hofmann --- Pages 435-439 / Ostracoda (Crustacea) and trichoptera (Insecta) from Late-and Postglacial sediments of some European maar lakes / Burkhard W. Scharf --- Pages 441-446 / Oligocence dinoflagellate-cysts in Quaternary freshwater sediments of Eifel maars / H. Weiler --- Pages 447-465 / Tertiary maars of the Hocheifel Volcanic Field, Germany / G. Büchel, M. Pirrung --- Pages 467-476 / Some aspects of Cenozoic maar sediments in Europe: the source-rock potential and their exceptionally good fossil preservation / W. Zimmerle --- Pages 477-484 / Palaeoecological implications from the sedimentary record of a subtropical maar lake (Eocene Eckfelder Maar; Germany) / Bernd Zolitschka --- Pages 485-489 / Arthropods from the Eocene Eckfelder Maar (Eifel, Germany) as a source for paleoecological information / H. Lutz --- Pages 491-497 / Flowers from the Middle Eocene of Eckfeld (Eifel, Germany)— First results / H. Frankenhäuser, V. Wilde --- Pages 499-503 / Initial results on the importance of a flora from the Middle Eocene of Eckfeld (Eifel, W.-Germany) / V. Wilde, H. Frankenhäuser --- Pages 505-509 / International Maar Deep Drilling Project (MDDP) a challenge for earth sciences? / Jörg F. W. Negendank, Bernd Zolitschka

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE It was only during the last few years, that the geological effects of storms and hurricanes in shallow-marine environments have been better appreciated. Not only were storm deposits recognized to dominate many shelf sequences, they also proved to be valuable tools in facies and paleogeographical analysis. Additionally, storm layers form important hydrocarbon reservoirs. Storm-generated sequences are now reasonably mell documented in terms of their facies associations in the stratigraphic record. Much less is known, however, about the effects and the depositional processes of modern storms, and about the styles of storm sedimentation on basinwide scales. Accordingly, the goal of this study is two-fold: 1. it presents two case studies of modern carbonate and terrigenous clastics storm sedimentatioq. The models derived from these actualistic examples can be used to interprete possible ancient analogues. 2. it presents a comprehensive analysis of an ancient storm depositional system (Muschelkalk) on a basin-wide scale. The underlying approach of this study is a process-oriented analysis of sedimentary sequences, an approach that ~as summarized by Matthews (1974, 1984) as "dynamic stratigraphy". The integration of actualistic models with a "dynamic" stratigraphic analysis helps to understand the dynamics of storm depositional systems; these models have a potential to be applied to other basins and to predict the facies organisation and the facies evolution in such systems...

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE Our planet is evolving and changing; its surface is capable of unleashing great violence as its crust is created and destroyed. Quite remarkably, it has been only recently that the fundamental elements of this evolution were fully appreciated, and only within the last decade have there been technologies capable of directly meastLring the global motions of the Earth's crust which are one of the most visible manifestations of these processes. Before the advent of space technologies, the nature of contemporary global plate motions went largely unobserved. These motions were understood from the geological records, and plate rates for million year averages were established_ Fortunately, the revolution in geophysics brought about by the general acceptance of plate tectonic theory has been paralleled by significant advances in space geodesy oceanography and geophysics. New space technologies have rapidly matured, yielding new insights and capabilities for more completely understanding the dynamical properties of the Earth, its oceans and atmosphere. Likewise, the evolving earth sciences capabilities from space are fostering new questions and goals made possible through the creative exploitation of satellite missions. A workshop entitled "The Interdisciplinary Role of Space Geodesy" was held in Erice, Italy, on the island of Sicily on July 23-29, 1988, to discuss the directions and challenges of space geodeys for the decades to come. This international gathering was made possible by the E. Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture int he framework of tis International School of Geodesy. The workshop was sponsored by the Italian Ministry of education, the Italian Ministry of Scientific and Technological Research, the Sicilian Regional Government, the Italian National Institute of Geophysics, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States. This volume is the result of the dedicated effort undertaken by an international group of scientists and administrators who have contemplated the challenge of the future of space-based earth science for the next decade. Recognizing the need for defining new milestones both in science and technology, they have developed a detailed report of what could be achieved and what challenges remain after twenty fertile years of space exploration...

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE In a densily populated industrialized country, waste disposal must be compatible with the requirements of the environment. This is one of the indispensable requirements to guarantee an effective protection of the environment. In the past years the waste disposal industry has been given increasing attention by the general public as well as the authorities. This confirms the necessity of adapting the quality of waste disposal to the technological standard of the production. While in the past, waste disposal performance was more or less evaluated in terms of short-term costs, there is at present a reorientation in the direction of a science-based waste disposal industry. These new tendencies are taking into account ecological factors as well as the long-term consequences - i.e., for decades and centuries to come - of waste disposal methods. In this light, particular attention is given to the depositing of residues whose utilization does not appear meaningful from an ecological point of view, or would require disproportionate ressources. It is an important concern of the Federal Authorities to encourage the rapid materialization of disposal solutions which can function as ultimate deposits, and which will therefore cause neither water pollution nor gaseous emissions. In view of this goal it is necessary to establish criteria and regulations for the wastes to be deposited as well as for the characteristics of the deposits. This field confronts science with an urgent but rewarding challenge and calls for close collaboration between many different specialized disciplines...

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE The suggestion to compile and publish this volume dealing with some geoscientific problems of the Central Andes came up during a conference on "Mobility of Active Continental Margins" held in Berlin, February 1986. At this international conference, organized by the Berlin Research Group "Mobility of Active Continental Margins", colleagues from Europe, Southern and Northern America reported on their current investigations in the Central Andes. The Central Andes claim a special position in the 7000 km long Andean mountain range. In Northern Chile, Southern Bolivia and Northwest Argentina the Central Andes show their largest width with more than 650 km and along a Geotraverse between the Pacific coast and the Chaco all typical Andean morphotectonic units are well developed. Here, the pre-Andean evolution is documented by outcropping of Paleozoic and pre-Cambrian rocks. The characteristic phenomena of the Andean cycle can be studied along the entire geotraverse. The migration of the tectonic and magmatic activity starting in Jurassic and being active t i l l Quaternary is clearly evidenced. Besides the Himalaya, the Central Andes show with 70-80 km and -400 mgal the largest crustal thickness known in mountain ranges. These and many other interesting and exciting geoscientific features encouraged a group of geoscientists from both West-Berlin universities (Freie UniversitAt and Technische UniversitAt) to focus their studies along a geotraverse through the Central Andes. The realization of these studies would not have been possible without the active assistance and close cooperation of our colleagues from the geoscientific institutions in Salta (Argentina), La Paz and Santa Cruz (Bolivia) and Antofagasta and Santiago (Chile). Concerning the German participation, this joint and interdisciplinary project is financially supported since 1982 as Reserach Group" Mobility of Active Continental Margins" by the German Research Society and by the West-Berlin universities as well. A number of colleagues from universities in West Germany take part in this project, too. The papers presented here deal with the period from Late Precambrian up to the youngest phenomena in Quaternary. The contributions cover the whole spectrum of geoscientific research, geology, paleontology, petrology, geochemistry, geophysics and geomorphology. In conclusion, the data published here may help to improve the picture of Andean structure and evolution. The detailed investigations carried out in the past years show, that the first simple plate tectonic models proposed in the beginning of the seventies have to improved and modified. Furthermore, the results can be seen as contribution to the international Lithospheric Project and as a useful data base for the construction of a Central Andean Transect...

Description / Table of Contents: This book is the collection of the Lecture Notes of an International Summer School of Theoretical Geodesy held in Assisi (Italy) from May 23 to June 3 -1988.

Description / Table of Contents: The present study will provide an introduction into the biomechanics of trees and will give a critical survey of the phylogeny and the constructional principles of the tree habit. Since the trunk is considered the basic and crucial element of a tree, the analysis is largely restricted to a functional comparison of the stem anatomy of the various tree forms. It is based on the concept of constructional morphology, thus considering simultaneously the functional aspect and the ontogenetical and phylogenetical development of the various trunk types. The main questions to be answered in this study are; Why do trees exist? - Which are the constructional principles of tree trunks and when and in which group of plants do they appear? - How important are internal (phylogenetic) and external (functional, constructional) constraints? - What are the specific properties of the different constructional principles and does a correlation between trunk design and growth habit exist? - Is there a tendency in phylogeny to a better performance? The study does not (and cannot) intend to provide a detailed biophysical analysis of individual cases because experimental data on the mechanical properties of the structural elements of the different kinds of trees are still lacking. Instead, it will he the task to evaluate in a comprehensive and qualitative or semi-quantitative manner the available data of the morphology, anatomy and phylogeny of fossil and recent trees by using concepts of biomechanics and constructional morphology. Thus a somewhat holistic approach is used, which is becoming increasingly more acceptable today.

Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION The study is essentially empirical, since it portrays and appraises two different water management systems, and relates them to one another. Yet the analysis has also been made with definite research aims in mind. Its focus has been narrowed down to the environmental assessment of urban water management systems in arid and semi-arid regions, especially with an eye to deal with information problems in the Developing World. The study addresses a set of very critical issues of global concern, and, thus, delineates a crucial topic for international research. The fact that a wide range of critical issues usually complicates and aggravates the given problem setting provides the comparative analysis with a special practical incentive to explore the opportunities for joint strategies and comprehensive solutions. However, the complexities involved between water management and the environment and the relative lack of a joint theory in that field pose certain difficulties to such an undertaking. In order to fully appreciate the underlying purpose of the study and the scope of its implications, the various facets of the problem setting and the essential ingredients of the general line of approach have first to be unravelled and expounded at some length. Above all, it needs to be shown how these facets combine to produce the complex, burning issues which in turn seem to, both in theory and practice, require correspondingly intricate, strategic approaches for their solutions...

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE Turbidity currents have been comprehensively studied in the past although much remains unknown about both their flow characteristics and resultant sedimentary deposits. Much of this uncertainty arises from the catastrophic nature of their formation which makes them difficult to study in the environment, and has resulted in the majority of studies being experimental or theoretical. Experiments have shown that reversals in the flow of density currents can be associated with the generation of internal solitary waves. This is in contrast to the belief held by many workers that the reversal of a turbidity current simply generates an identical flow travelling in the opposite direction. This book arose from the need for a detailed experimental study to examine the effects and to consider the consequences of density current reversals from a variety of obstructions to their flow. The first part of this book comprises a detailed review of literature covering the fluid dynamics and sedimentology relevant to the experimental study (chapter one). Chapter two presents the results from the comprehensive experimental programme which are discussed and compared with appropiate theoretical hypotheses. This permits the synthesis of a model for the general features of flows that result from the incidence of density currents upon obstructions to the flow. The application of this model to both modern and ancient turbidite systems is then discussed in chapter three. This book is suitable for earth scientists with an interest in the dynamics of turbidity currents. In addition, workers from other fields such as applied maths, meteorology and engineering who have an interest in density currents and bores in practical situations may find it useful...

Description / Table of Contents: PART I: BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON PROFESSOR MIYAKE --- An Account of My Past Half / S.Miyake / pp. 1-5 --- PART II: NEUTRINOS IN COSMIC RAY RESEARCH --- A Quarter Century of Cosmic Ray Experiments Underground in the Kolar Gold Mines / M. R. Krishnaswamy, M. G. K. Menon, V. S. Narasimham, P. V. Ramanamurty, and B. V. Sreekantan / pp. 7-69 --- The Early Days of Experimental Neutrino Physics / F. Reines / pp. 71-84 --- Underground Experiments on Cosmic Rays / M. Crouch / pp. 85-102 --- PART III: NEUTRINOS IN ASTROPHYSICS --- Neutrinos in High-Energy Astrophysics / C. T. Hill, D. N. Schramm, and T. P. Walker / pp. 103-123 --- Relic Particles from the Primeval Fire-Ball / H. Sato / pp. 125-169 --- Neutrino Physics in Stars and Collapsing Stellar Cores / K. Sato / pp. 171-189 --- The Origin of the Cosmic Radiation / A. W. Wolferidale / pp. 191-199 --- Astrochemical Aspects of the Origin of Cosmic Rays / K. Sakurai and K. Ito / pp. 201-215 --- The Solar Neutrino Problem / K. Sakurai / pp. 217-254 --- PART IV: PUBLICATION LIST OF PROFESSOR MIYAKE / pp. 255-261

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Planets, Meteorites and Cosmic Dusts --- Primordial Xe Isotopic Abundances and 244Pu-136Xe Ages of Primitive Xe Differentiated Achondrites / Eugster O., Weigel A., and Michel Th. / pp. 1-9 --- The RELAX Mass Spectrometer and Its Application to Iodine-Xenon Dating / Gilmour J. D. and Turner G. / pp. 11-21 --- Enrichment and Fractionation of Noble Gases in Bubbles / Takaoka N. / pp. 23-29 --- "Q-Gases" as "Local" Primordial Noble Gas Component in Primitive Meteorites / Wieler R. / pp. 31-41 --- Weathering and Atmospheric Noble Gases in Chondrites / Scherer P., Schultz L., and Loeken T. / pp. 43-53 --- Radiogenic Noble Gas Constraints on Mars' Evolution / Sasaki S. / pp. 55-66 --- Retentivity of Solar He and Ne in IDPS in Deep Sea Sediment / Hiyagon H. / pp. 67-75 --- Influx and Age Constraints on the Recycled Cosmic Dust Explanation for High 3He/4He Ratios at Hotspot Volcanos / Trull T. / pp. 77-88 --- 2. Mantle and Crust --- Geochronology of Tellurium Ores and the Double-Beta Decay Lifetime of 130Te / Podosek F. A., Brannon J. C., Bernatowicz T. J., Brazzle R., Grauch R., Cowsik R., and Hohenberg C. M. / pp. 89-113 --- Cosmic-Ray-Produced Neon at the Surface of the Earth / Graf T., Kim J. S., Marti K., and Niedermann S. / pp. 115-123 --- Current Status of Xes-Xen Dating / Shukolyukov Yu. A., Meshik A. P., Krylov D. P., and Pravdivtseva O. V. / pp. 125-146 --- Atmospheric, MORB-Like, and Crustal-Derived Noble Gas Components in Subduction-Related Samples / Patterson D. B., Honda M., and McDougall I. / pp. 147-158 --- Noble Gases in Deformed Xenoliths from an Ocean Island: Characterization of a Metasomatic Fluid / Farley K. A., Poreda R. J., and Onstott T. C. / pp. 159-178 --- Deconvolution of Multiple Components of Neon and Helium in Mantle-Derived Samples / Patterson D. B., Honda M., and McDougall I. / pp. 179-189 --- Neon and Argon Isotopic Constraints on Earth-Atmosphere Evolution / Marty B. and Allé P. / pp. 191-204 --- The Effect of Water on Noble Gas Signatures of Volcanic Materials / Kaneoka I. / pp. 205-215 --- 3. Water, Gases and Diamonds --- Indigenous and Extraneous Noble Gases in Terrestrial Diamonds / Begemann F. / pp. 217-227 --- Isotopic Variations of Helium in the Diamonds of the Kokchetav Massif's Metamorphic Rocks, Kazakhstan / Pleshakov A. M. and Shukolyukov Yu. A. / pp. 229-243 --- Helium Isotopic Information from Diamonds: Critical Data Available and Needed / Lal D. / pp. 245-260 --- He-Ar Isotope Systematics of Fluid Inclusions: Resolving Mantle and Crustal Contributions to Hydrothermal Fluids / Stuart F., Turner G., and Taylor R. / pp. 261-277 --- Mantle Helium in the Groundwater of the Mirror Lake Basin, New Hampshire, U.S.A. / Torgersen T., Drenkard S., Farley K., Schlosser P., and Shapiro A. / pp. 279-292 --- Volcanic Activity Revealed by Isotope Systematics of Gases from Hydrothermal Springs in Tengchong, China / Wang X., Chen J., Li Y., Wen Q., Sun M., Li C., and Hu G. / pp. 293-304 --- Helium Isotopic Compositions in Quaternary Volcanic Geothermal Area near Indo-Eurasian Collisional Margin at Tengchong, China / Xu S., Nakal S., Wakita H., Wang X., and Chen J. / pp. 305-313 --- 4. Basic Properties --- Sites and Behaviors ofNoble Gas Atoms in MgO Crystal Simulated by the Molecular Dynamics (MD) Method / Tsuchiyama A. and Kawamura K. / pp. 315-323 --- Noble Gas Solubilities in Melts and Crystals / Carroll M. R., Draper D. S., Brooker R. A., and Kelley S. / pp. 325-341 --- Noble Gas Partition between Basaltic Melt and Olivine Crystals at High Pressures / Shibata T., Takahashi E., and Ozima M. / pp. 343-354 --- Noble Gas Partitioning between Metal and Silicate under High Pressures: The Case of Iron and Peridotite / Sudo M., Ohtaka O., and Matsuda J. / pp. 355-372 --- Noble Gas Partitioning in Natural Samples: Results from Coexisting Glass and Olivine Phenocrysts in Four Hawaiian Submarine Basalts / Valbracht P. J., Honda M., Staudigel H., McDougall I., and Trost A. P. / pp. 373-381 --- Retrospective --- After Dinner Talk (A Diagrammatic Summary of Noble Gas Isotope Research in the Physics Department at Berkeley) / Reynolds J. H. / pp. 383-386

Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 3-22 --- 1.1 The Nature of Shock Waves, pp. 3-5 --- 1.2 Compaction of Powders and Shock Activation, pp. 6-9 --- 1.3 First-Order Phase Transitions and Chemical Reactions, pp. 10-12 --- 1.4 Time Scales and Interactions of Basic Mechanisms, p. 12 --- 1.4.1 Shock propagation in a particle assemblage, p. 12 --- 1.4.2 Energy localization, pp. 12-13 --- 1.4.3 Thermal relaxation of hot spots, p. 14 --- 1.4.4 Mass diffusion in solids, p. 14 --- 1.4.5 Kinetic constants, pp. 14-16 --- 1.5 Some Roles of Shock Compression Techniques in Material Sciences Study, p. 16 --- 1.5.1 Shock compression technique as a tool of high pressure production, p. 16 --- 1.5.2 Appearance of diamond anvil-type high-pressure apparatus, pp. 16-18 --- 1.5.3 New roles of shock compression technology as a unique method of very high temperature production, pp. 18-19 --- 1.5.4 Development of conventional hypervelocity impact techniques for precise measurement of materials under shock compression, pp. 19-21 --- FUNDAMENTALS OF SHOCK WAVE PROPAGATION --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 23-78 --- 2.1 Hydrodynamic Jump Conditions and the Hugoniot Curve, pp. 23-32 --- 2.2 Shock Transition in Hydrodynamic Solids, pp. 32-42 --- 2.3 Non-Hydrostatic Deformation of Solids, p. 42 --- 2.3.1 Elastic-ideally-plastic solids, pp. 42-53 --- 2.3.2 Experimental observations of elastic-plastic behavior, pp. 53-56 --- 2.4 Wave-body interactions, pp. 56-57 --- 2.4.1 Preliminaries, pp. 57-60 --- 2.4.2 Planar impact of similar and dissimilar bodies, pp. 60-61 --- 2.4.3 Shock wave interaction with material boundaries, pp. 61-64 --- 2.4.4 Wave-wave interactions, pp. 65-66 --- 2.4.5 Detonation wave and interaction with a solid surface, pp. 66-77 --- SHOCK COMPRESSION TECHNOLOGY --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 79-115 --- 3.1 Gun Techniques, p. 80 --- 3.1.1 Single stage gun, p. 80 --- 3.1.2 Conventional two stage light gas gun, pp. 80-83 --- 3.1.3 Velocity measurement of projectile, p. 83 --- 3.1.4 Magnetoflyer method, pp. 83-84 --- 3.1.5 CW x-ray velocity meter, pp. 84-86 --- 3.1.6 Measurement of interior projectile motion, pp. 86-87 --- 3.1.7 Recovery experiments, pp. 87-89 --- 3.2 Explosive Techniques, p. 89 --- 3.2.1 Plane shock wave generation and recovery fixture, pp. 89-91 --- 3.2.2 Numerical simulaation of shock compression in the recovery capsule, pp. 91-94 --- 3.2.3 Cylindrical recovery fixture, pp. 94-95 --- 3.3 In-situ Measurements, p. 95 --- 3.3.1 Manganin pressure gauge, pp. 95-98 --- 3.3.2 Particle velocity gauge, pp. 99-100 --- 3.3.3 Observations of multiple shock reverberations by using a manganin pressure gauge and particle velocity gauge, pp. 100-106 --- 3.3.4 Shock temperature measurement, pp. 106-111 --- 3.3.5 Copper-Constantan thermocouple as a temperature and pressure gauge, pp. 111-113 --- THERMOMECHANICS OF POWDER COMPACTION AND MASS MIXING --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 117-170 --- 4.1 A One Dimensional Particulate Model, pp. 117-123 --- 4.2 Continuum Models, p. 123 --- 4.2.1 Hydrodynamic models, pp. 124-141 --- 4.2.2 Continuum plasticity theory, pp. 141-148 --- 4.2.3 Application, pp. 148-154 --- 4.3 Particle Bonding and Heterogeneous Processes, pp. 154-160 --- 4.4 Mass Mixing, pp. 160-169 --- THERMOCHEMISTRY OF HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 171-225 --- 5.1 Thermodynamic Functions of Heterogeneous Mixtures, pp. 172-187 --- 5.2 Analytical Equations of State, pp. 187-191 --- 5.3 Hugoniots of Inert Mixtures, p. 191 --- 5.3.1 Thermodynamically equilibrium models, pp. 191-197 --- 5.3.2 Mechanical models, pp. 197-199 --- 5.4 First-Order Phase Transitions, pp. 199-206 --- 5.5 Chemical Equilibria, pp. 206-212 --- 5.6 Reaction Kinetics, p. 212 --- 5.6.1 Rate equations, pp. 212-214 --- 5.6.2 Nucleation, pp. 214-216 --- 5.6.3 Growth, pp. 216-217 --- 5.6.4 Pressure effects, pp. 217-218 --- 5.7 Shock-Induced Reactions in Powder Mixtures, pp. 218-224 --- HYDRODYNAMICAL CALCULATIONS --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 227-276 --- 6.1 Conservation Equations of Continuum Flow, pp. 227-228 --- 6.1.1 Mass conservation, pp. 228-230 --- 6.1.2 Conservation of linear momentum, pp. 230-231 --- 6.1.3 Enegy conservation, pp. 231-234 --- 6.2 Constitutive Modeling of Inorganic Shock Chemistry, pp. 234-235 --- 6.2.1 VIR model, pp. 235-239 --- 6.2.2 Pore collapse, p. 239 --- 6.2.3 Chemical kinetics, pp. 239-240 --- 6.2.4 Computational constitutive reactions, pp. 240-245 --- 6.3 Applications of the VIR Model, p. 245 --- 6.3.1 Shock wave profiles in Ni/Al powder mixtures, pp. 245-250 --- 6.3.2 Compaction of diamond with Si and graphite, pp. 250-257 --- 6.4 Continuum Mixture Theory and the VIR Model, p. 257 --- 6.4.1 Continuum mixture theory, pp. 257-263 --- 6.4.2 Derivation of the VIR model using the CMT, pp. 263-269 --- 6.4.3 A model of heterogeneous flow, pp. 269-275 --- SHOCK CONDITIONING AND PROCESSING OF CERAMICS --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 277-360 --- 7.1 Shock Conditioning of Powder of Inorganic Materials, p. 227 --- 7.1.1 Brief review of shock conditioning studies, p. 227 --- 7.1.2 Aluminum oxide powder, pp. 277-281 --- 7.2 Shock Synthesis of Inorganic Materials, p. 281 --- 7.2.1 Shock synthesis studies, p. 281 --- 7.2.2 High dense forms of carbon, pp. 281-285 --- 7.2.3 High dense forms of boron nitride, pp. 285-287 --- 7.2.4 Shock treatment of boron nitride powders, pp. 287-301 --- 7.3 Shock Consolidation of Ceramic Powders, p. 301 --- 7.3.1 Why non-oxide ceramics?, pp. 301-302 --- 7.3.2 Dynamic consolidation of SiC powders, pp. 302-304 --- 7.3.3 Approach to the fabrication of crack free compacts, pp. 304-305 --- 7.3.4 Shock consolidation of SiC powder utilizing post shock heating by exothermic reaction, pp. 305-310 --- 7.4 Dynamic Compaction of Zinc Blende Type Boron Nitride and Diamond Powders, p. 310 --- 7.4.1 Background, pp. 310-311 --- 7.4.2 Cubic boron nitride, pp. 311-318 --- 7.4.3 Diamond, pp. 318-326 --- 7.4.4 Diamond composites obtained by utilizzing exothermic chemical reaction, pp. 326-332 --- 7.5 Very High Pressure Sintering of Shock Treated Powders, pp. 332-334 --- 7.5.1 Silicon nitride, pp. 334-336 --- 7.5.2 w-BN, pp. 336-346 --- 7.6 Rapid Condensation of High Temperature Ultrasupersaturated Gas, p. 346 --- 7.6.1 Silicon nitride, pp. 346-352 --- 7.6.2 Carbon, pp. 352-357

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Crustal Evolution: East Antarctic Shield --- Archacan Events in Antarctica / L. P. BLACK, J. W. SHERATON and P. D. KINNY / pp. 1-6 --- Metamorphic Evolution of the Sør Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica / M. ASAMI, Y. OSANAI, K. SHIRAISHI and H. MAKIMOTO / pp. 7-16 --- Geochemical Characteristics of Metamorphic Rocks from the Central Sør Rondane Mountains., East Antarctica / Y. OSANAI, K. SHIRAISHI, Y. TAKAHASHI, H. ISHIZUKA, Y. TAINOSHO, N. TSUCHIYA, T. SAKIYAMA and S. KODAMA / pp. 17-28 --- Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr Ages of Metamorphic Rocks from the Sør Rondane Mountains., East Antarctica / K. SHIRAISHI and H. KAGAMI / pp. 29-36 --- Reconnaissance Geochronologic Data on Proterozoic Polymetamorphic Rocks of the Eastern Sør Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica / E. S. GREW, W. I. MANTON, M. ASAMI and H. MAKIMOTO / pp. 37-44 --- Petrochemical Character and Rb-Sr Isotopic Investigation of the Granitic Rocks from the Sør Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica / Y. TAINOSHO, Y. TAKAHASHI, Y. ARAKAWA, Y. OSANAI, N. TSUCHIYA, T. SAKIYAMA and M. OWADA / pp. 45-54 --- Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Compositions of Marbles from the Sør Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica / N. TSUCHIYA, Y. OSANAI and H. WADA / pp. 55-60 --- 40Ar-39Ar Geochronological Studies on some Paleomagnetic Samples of East Antarctica / Y. TAKIGAMI, M. FUNAKI and K. TOKIEDA / pp. 61-66 --- The First Report of a Cambrian Orogenic Belt in East Antarctica—An Ion Microprobe Study of the Lützow-Holm Complex / K. SHIRAISHI, Y. HIROI, D. J. ELLIS, C. M. FANNING, Y. MOTOYOSHI and Y. NAKAI / pp. 67-74 --- A New Insight of Possible Correlation between the Lützow-Holm Bay Granulites (East Antarctica) and the Sri Lankan Granulites / Y. OGO, Y. HIROI, K. B. N. PRAME and Y. MOTOYOSHI / pp. 75-86 --- Osumilite-Producing Reactions in High Temperature Granulites from the Napier Complex, East Antarctica: Tectonic Implications / B. J. HENSEN and Y. MOTOYOSHI / pp. 87-92 --- Gneisses of the Porthos and Athos Ranges, Northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica: Constraints on the Prograde and Retrograde P-T Path / D. E. THOST and B. J. HENSEN / pp. 93-102 --- Mineral Reaction Textures in High-Grade Gneisses: Evidence for Contrasting Pressure-Temperature Paths in the Proterozoic Complex of East Antarctica / I. C. W. FITZSIMONS and S. L. HARLEY / pp. 103-112 --- Mode of Occurrence, Geochemistry and Mineral Textures of Mafic to Ultramafic Rocks from the Bolingen Islands, Prydz Bay., East Antarctica / D. E. THOST, Y. MOTOYOSHI and B. J. HENSEN / pp. 113-118 --- The Significance of Reworking, Fluids and Partial Melting in Granulite Metamorphism, East Prydz Bay, Antarctica / S. L. HARLEY, I. C. W. FITZSIMONS, I. S. BUICK and G. WATT / pp. 119-128 --- Stable Isotope Studies of Granulite Facies Metamorphism in the Rauer Group, East Antarctica / I. S. BUICK, S. L. HARLEY and D. MATTEY / pp. 129-136 --- A Late- Proterozoic Extensional-Compressional Tectonic Cycle in East Antarctica / J. D. HOEK, P. H. G. M. DIRKS and C. W. PASSCHIER / pp. 137-144 --- Re-Examination of the Metamorphic Evolution of the Larsemann Hills., East Antarctica / L. REN, Y. ZHAO, X. LIU and T. CHEN / pp. 145-154 --- Geochronology of the Late Granite in the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica / Y. ZHAO, B. SONG, Y. WANG, L. REN, J. LI and T. CHEN / pp. 155-162 --- The First Study of Upper Mantle Inclusions from the Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica / A. V. ANDRONIKOV / pp. 163-173 --- Mafic Igneous Suites in the Lambert Rift Zone / E. V. MIKHALSKY, A. V. ANDRONIKOV and B. V. BELIATSKY / pp. 173-178 --- Granitic Rocks of the Jetty Peninsula, Amery Ice Shelf Area, East Antarctica / W. I. MANTON, E. S. GREW, J. HOFMANN and J. W. SHERATON / pp. 179-190 --- Paleomagnetic and 40Arl/39Ar Dating Studies of the Mawson Charnockite and Some Rocks from the Christensen Coast / M. FUNAKI and K. SAITO / pp. 191-202 --- 2. Crustal Evolution: Transantarctic Mountains and West Antarctica --- Multiple Petrotectonic Events in High-Grade Metamorphic Rocks of the Nimrod Group, Central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica / J. W. GOODGE, V. L. HANSEN and S. M. PEACOCK / pp. 203-210 --- Metamorphic Facies of the Ross Orogeny in the Southern Wilson Terrane of Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica / F. TALARICO, M. FRANCESCHELLI, B. LOMBARDO, R. PALMERI, P. C. PERTUSATI, N. RASTELLI and C. A. RICCI / pp. 211-218 --- Metasedimentary Rocks of Western Wilson Terrane (Victoria Land - Oates Land) and Gondwana Connections to Australia / D. N. B. SKININER / pp. 219-226 --- Compressional Causes for the Early Palcozoic Ross Orogen—Evidence from Victoria Land and the Shackleton Range / G. KLEINSCHEMIDT, W. BUGGISCH and T. FLOETTMANN / pp. 227-234 --- Pre-Beacon Tectonic Development of the Transantarctic Mountains / E. STUMP / pp. 235-240 --- Statistical Analysis of Geochemical Patterns in Fine-Grained Permian Mudrocks from the Beardmore Glacier Region, Antarctica / T. C. HORNER and L. A. KRISSEK / pp. 241-248 --- Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of Vertebrate Bone-Bearing Beds in the Triassic (and Jurassic?) Fremouw and Falla Formations, Beardmore Glacier Region., Antarctica / L. A. KRISSEK, T. C. HORNER, D. H. ELLIOT and J. W. COLLINSON / pp. 249-256 --- Early Palcozoic Lamprophyre Dikes of Southern Victoria Land: Geology, Petrology and Geochemistry / B. WU and J. H. BERG / pp. 257-264 --- Crustal Xenoliths from Cape McCormick Crater, Northern Victoria Land / J. H. BERG and B. WU / pp. 265-272 --- Xenoliths from the Volcanic Province of West Antarctica and Implications for Lithospheric Structure and Processes / R. J. WYSOCZANSKI and J. A. GAMBLE / pp. 273-278 --- Geological and Geophysical Exploration in the Northern Ford Ranges, Maric Byrd Land, West Antarctica / B. P. LUYENDYK, S. M. RICHARD, C. H. SMITH and D. L. KIMBROUGH / pp. 279-288 --- Structure and Cooling History of the Fosdick Metamorphic Complex, Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica / S. M. RICHARD / pp. 289-294 --- Metapelites and Migmatites at the Granulite Facies Transition, Fosdick Metamorphic Complex, Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica / C. H. SMITH / pp. 295-302 --- 3. Syn- and Post-Breakup of Gondwana --- Mesozoic and Cenozoic Kinematic Evolution of the Transantarctic Mountains / T. J. WILSON / pp. 303-314 --- The West Antarctic Rift System—A Propagating Rift "Captured" by a Mantle Plume? / J. C. BEHRENDT, W. LEMASURIER and A. K. COOPER / pp. 315-322 --- Apatite Fission Track Evidence for Contrasting Thermal and Uplift Histories of Metamorphic Basement Blocks in Western Dronning Maud Land / J. JACOBS, E. HEJL, G. A. WAGNER and K. WEBER / pp. 323-330 --- Early Cretaceous Uplift of the Southern Sentinel. Range, Ellsworth Mountains, West Antarctica / P. G. FITZGERALD and E. STUMP / pp. 331-340 --- Petrologic Comparison of Palcozoic Rocks from the English Coast, Eastern Ellsworth Land, and the Ellsworth Mountains / T. S. LAUDON and C. CRADDOCK / pp. 341-346 --- Provenance of Paleocene Strata, Seymour Island / D. H. ELLIOT, S. M. HOFFMAN and D. E. RIESKE / pp. 347-356 --- Sedimentology of the Miers Bluff Formation, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands / A. ARCHE, J. LOPEZ-MARTINEZ and E. MARTINEZ DE PISON / pp. 357-362 --- Late Cretaceous and Eocene Palynofloras from Fildes Peninsula, King George Island (South Shetland Islands), Antarctica / L. CAO / pp. 363-370 --- Early Tertiary Palaeoclimate of King George Island, Antarctica—Evidence from the Fossil Hill Flora / H. M. LI / pp. 371-376 --- Modes of Formation and Accretion of Oceanic Material in the Mesozoic Fore-Arc of Central and Southern Alexander Island, Antarctica: A Summary / P. A. DOUBLEDAY and T. H. TRANTER / pp. 377-382 --- The Magmatic Complexes of the Rouen Mountains and Elgar Uplands from Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula: Geochemical Constraints / B. K. KAMENOV and C. T. PIMPIREV / pp. 383-394 --- Transverse Variations in the Gerlache Strait Plutonic Rocks: Effects of the Aluk Ridge-Trench Collision in the Northern Antarctic Peninsula / M. A. PARADA, J.-B. ORSINI and R. ARDILA / pp. 395-404 --- 4. Recent Tectonics of Antarctic Peninsula and Subantarctic Regions --- Evolution of the Bransfield Basin and Rift, West Antarctica / K. BIRKENMAJER / pp. 405-410 --- Uplift Movements King George Island Associated Bransfield Rift Activity / M. ARANEDA and O. GONZÁLEZ-FERRÁN / pp. 411-416 --- Geotransect Drake Passage - Weddell Sea, Antarctica / R. A. J. TROUW and L. A, P. GAMBÔA / pp. 417-422 --- Long-Range Sidescan Sonar (GLORIA) Survey of the Antarctic Peninsula Pacific Margin / J. S. TOMLINSON, C. J. PUDSEY, R. A. LIVERMORE, R. D. LARTER and P. F. BARKER / pp. 423-430 --- Marine Magnetic Anomalies in Bransfield Strait, Antarctica / Y. KIM, T. W. CHUNG and S. H. NAM / pp. 431-438 --- Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Igneous Rocks from Barton and Fildes Peninsulas, King George Island: A Review / Y.-J. JWA, B.-K. PARK and Y. KIM / pp. 439-442 --- Geophysical Features of Deception Island / R. ORTIZ, J. VILA, A. GARCIA, A. G. CAMACHO, J. L. DIEZ, A. APARICIO, R. SOTO, J. G. VIRAMONTE, C. RISSO, N. MENEGATTI and I. PETRINOVIC / pp. 443-448 --- Seismic Activity on Deception Island / J. VILA, R. ORTIZ, A. M. CORREIG, and A. GARCIA / pp. 449-456 --- The Zeolitisation Model of Kerguelen Islands, Southern Indian Ocean / A. GIRET, O. VERDIER and P. NATIVEL / pp. 457-464 --- 5. Terrestrial Geophysics --- Regional Geophysical Imaging of the Antarctic Lithosphere / R. R. B. VON FRESE, D. E. ALSDORF, J-H. KIM, T. M. STEPP, D. R. H. O'CONNELL, K. J. HAYDEN and W-S. LI / pp. 465-474 --- Present Status of Seismic Network in Antarctica / K. KAMINUMA / pp. 475-482 --- Phase Velocity Distribution Beneath Antarctica and Surrounding Oceans / D. ROULAND and G. ROULT / pp. 483-488 --- Determination of the Gravity Field around Antarctica Using Satellite Altimeter Data and Surface Gravity Data —A Review of the Recent Studies— / Y. FUKUDA, J. SEGAWA and K. KAMINUMA / pp. 489-492 --- Intermittent Micro-Seismic Activity in the Vicinity of Syowa Station, East Antarctica / K. KAMINUMA and J. AKAMATSU / pp. 493-498 --- An Approach to the Seismicity of Mt. Melbourne Volcano (Northern Victoria Land—Antarctica) / E. PRIVITERA, L. VILLARI and S. GAMBINO / pp. 499-506 --- The Crustal Structure beneath Ice Stream C and Ridge BC, West Antarctica from Seismic Refraction and Gravity Measurements / C. G. MUNSON and C. R. BENTLEY / pp. 507-514 --- Numerical Modelling of Uplift and Subsidence Adjacent to the Transantarctic Mountain Front / T. A. STERN, U. S. TEN BRINK and M. H. P. BOTT / pp. 515-522 --- Gravity Study of the Mt. Melbourne Quadrangle and the Lower Rennick Glacier Area in North Victoria Land., Antarctica, and the Relation of the Rennick Graben Structure to Rifting Processes in the Ross Sea / J. KIENLE, T. F. REDFIELD and A. M. GOODLIFFE / pp. 523-534 --- Gravity Modeling Across the Transantarctic Mountains, Northern Victoria Land / T. F. REDFIELD and J. C. BEHRENDT / pp. 535-544 --- A Preliminary Aeromagnetic Anomaly Compilation Map for the Weddell Province of Antarctica / A. C. JOHNSON, N. D. ALESHKOVA, P. F. BARKER, A. V. GOLYNSKY, V. N. MASOLOV and A. M. SMITH / pp. 545-554 --- New Aeromagnetic Map of West Antarctica (Weddell Sea Sector): Introduction to Important Features / A. C. JOHNSON and A. M. SMITH / pp. 555-562 --- Ground Magnetics in North Victoria Land (East Antarctica) / E. BOZZO, A. COLLA and A. MELONI / pp. 563-570 --- Airborne Gravity from a Light Aircraft: CASERTZ 1990-1991 / R. E. BELL, B. J. COAKLEY, D. D. BLANKENSHIP, S. M. HODGE, J. M. BROZENA and J. JARVIS / pp. 571-578 --- Thinning Rate of Ice Sheet on Mizuho Plateau, East Antarctica, Determined by GPS Differential Positioning / H. TOH and K. SHIBUYA / pp. 579-584 --- The Geophysical Observatory at Terra Nova Bay / A. MELONI, A. DE SANTIS, A. MORELLI, P. PALANGIO, G. ROMEO, E. BOZZO and G. CANEVA / pp. 585-588 --- The Absolute Gravity Station and the Mt. Melbourne Gravity Network in Terra Nova Bay, North Victoria Land, East Antarctica / G. CERUTTI, F. ALASIA, A. GERMAK, E. BOZZO, G. CANEVA, R. LANZA and I. MARSON / pp. 589-564 --- Seismological Observations by a Three-Component Broadband Digital Seismograph at Syowa Station, Antarctica / K. NAGASAKA, K. KAMINUMA and K. SHIBUYA / pp. 595-602 --- 6. Marine Geology and Geophysics --- Preliminary Seismic Stratigraphy of the Northwestern Weddell Sea Continental Shelf / J. B. ANDERSON, S. S. SHIPP and F. P. SIRINGAN / pp. 603-612 --- Sequence Stratigraphy of the Crary Fan, Southeastern Weddell Sea / A. MOONS, M. DE BATIST, J. P. HENRIET H. MILLER / pp. 613-618 --- Modeling of Cenozoic Stratigraphy in the Ross Sea Using Sonobuoy Seismic-Refraction Data / G. R. COCHRANE and A. K. COOPER / pp. 619-626 --- Heat Flow and Tectonics of the Western Ross Sea / B. DELLA VEDOVA, G. PELLLS, L. A. LAWVER and G. BRANCOLINI / pp. 627-638 --- Tectonic Development of Graben over the Astrid Ridge off Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica / D. GOPALA RAO, M. V. RAMANA and K. V. L. N. S. SARMA / pp. 639-648 --- The Directions of Magnetic Anomaly Lineations in Enderby Basin, off Antarctica / Y. NOGI, N. SEAMA and N. ISEZAKI / pp. 649-654 --- International Offshore Studies on Antarctic Cenozoic History, Glaciation, and Sea-Level Change: The ANTOSTRAT Project / A. K. COOPER and P. N. WEBB / pp. 655-660 --- 7. Cenozoic Geology and Geornorphology --- Late Cenozoic Glacial History in the Sør -Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica / K. MORIWAKI, K. HIRAKAWA, M. HAYASHI and S. IWATA / pp. 661-668 --- Glaciation of the Central Part of the Sør Rondane, Antarctica: Glaciological Evidence / F. PATTYN, H. DECLEIR and P. HUYBRECHTS / pp. 669-678 --- Observations of Clayey Till and Underlying Glacier Ice in the Central Sør Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica / H. HASEGAWA, S. IWATA and N. MATSUOKA / pp. 679-682 --- Late Quaternary Ice-Surface Fluctuations of the Lambert Glacier / M. C. G. MABIN / pp. 683-688 --- Late Quaternary History of the Bunger Hills, East Antarctica / E. A. COLHOUN and D. A. ADAMSON / pp. 689-698 --- Late Neogene Sediments of Coastal East Antarctica —An Overview / P. G. QUILTY / pp. 699-706 --- Cenozoic Glacial Geology and Mountain Uplift in Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica / F. M. VAN DER WATEREN and A. L. L. M. VERBERS / pp. 707-714 --- A Glacio-Geological Reconnaissance of the Southern Prince Albert Mountains, Victoria Land, Antarctica / A. L. L. M. VERBERS and F. M. VAN DER WATEREN / pp. 715-720 --- Geomorphology of the Priestley Glacier to Campbell Glacier Transect Mapped by Aerial Photographs (Victoria Land - Antarctica) / A. BIASINI, O. FANUCCI and M. C. SALVATORE / pp. 721-726 --- Satellite Data Processing of Victoria Land / R. CASACCHIA, A. CAPRARO, M. POSCOLIERI, R. SALVATORI, R. BIANCHI and A. PICCHIOTTI / pp. 727-732 --- Fluctuations of Ice Tongues and Ice Shelves Derived from Satellite Images in Terra Nova Bay Area, Victoria Land, Antarctica / M. FREZZOTTI / pp. 733-740 --- The Last Major Deglaciation in the Antarctic Peninsula Region—A Review of Recent Swedish Quaternary Research— / C. HJORT, Ó. INGÓLFSSON and S. BJÖRCK / pp. 741-744 --- Permafrost Occurrence of Seymour Island and James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula Region / M. FUKUDA, J. STRELIN, K. SHIMOKAWA, N. TAKAHASHI, T. SONE and D. TROMBOTT / pp. 745-750 --- Geomorphology of Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands / J. LOPEZ-MARTINEZ, E. MARTINEZ DE PISON and A. ARCHE / pp. 751-756 --- Mechanical Weathering on Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica / K. J. HALL / pp. 757-762 --- Modeling the Bathymetry of the Antarctic Continental Shelf / U. S. TEN BRINK and A. K. COOPER / pp. 763-772 --- Cenozoic Glacial History of Antarctica—A Correlative Synthesis / K. MORIWAKI, Y. YOSHIDA and D. M. HARWOOD / pp. 773-780 --- Late Quaternary Environmental Changes in the Antarctic and their Correlation with Global Change / Q. S. ZHANG / pp. 781-786

Description / Table of Contents: Selected papers presented at the International Conference on Differential Equations and Mathematical Physics

Description / Table of Contents: Papers originally presented at the Workshop on Numerical Modelling of Marine Systems, held at the University of Adelaide, Feb. 5-7, 1986