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  • Articles  (353)
  • Drosophila  (181)
  • Yeast  (173)
  • Springer  (353)
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  • Biology  (353)
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  • Articles  (353)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sugar utilization by yeast during fermentation (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 4 (1989), S. 315-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Sugar uptake ; Yeast ; Brewer's wort
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary When glucose and fructose are fermented separately, the uptake profiles indicate that both sugars are utilized at similar rates. However, when fermentations are conducted in media containing an equal concentration of glucose and fructose, glucose is utilized at approximately twice the rate of fructose. The preferential uptake of glucose also occurred when sucrose, which was first rapidly hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose by the action of the enzyme invertase, was employed as a substrate. Similar results were observed in the fermentation of brewer's wort and wort containing 30% sucrose and 30% glucose as adjuncts. In addition, the high levels of glucose in the wort exerted severe catabolite repression on maltose utilization in theSaccharmyces uvarum (carlsbergensis) brewing strain. Kinetic analysis of glucose and fructose uptake inSaccharomyces cerevisiae revealed aK m of 1.6 mM for glucose and 20 mM for fructose. Thus, the yeast strain has a higher affinity for glucose than fructose. Growth on glucose or fructose had no repressible effect on the uptake of either sugar. In addition, glucose inhibited fructose uptake by 60% and likewise fructose inhibited, glucose uptake by 40%. These results indicate that glucose and fructose share the same membrane transport components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01577355
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermotolerant single cell protein production byKluyveromyces marxianus var.marxianus (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 3 (1988), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Single cell protein ; Sucrose ; Yeast ; Thermotolerance ; Fermentation ; Kluyveromyces marxianus var.marxianus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Amino acid analyses were undertaken on single cell protein (SCP) produced by thermotolerant strains ofKluyveromyces marxianus var.marxianus grown on sugar cane molasses at 40°C. The maximum conversion of available sugars to biomass at 45°C was only 10.8% (g dry wt.·g−1 total sugars). The amino acid composition of the SCP did not differ markedly from that reported for other yeast species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569436
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotransformation of aromatic aldehydes bySaccharomyces cerevisiae: Investigation of reaction rates (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 4 (1989), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: l-Phenylacetyl carbinol ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Yeast ; Benzaldehyde ; Biotransformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The rate of production ofl-phenylacetyl carbinol bySaccharomyces cerevisiae in reaction mixtures containing benzaldehyde with sucrose or pyruvate as cosubstrate was investigated in short 1 h incubations. The effect of yeast dose rate, sucrose and benzaldehyde concentration and pH on the rate of reaction was determined. Maximum biotransformation rates were obtained with concentrations of benzaldehyde, sucrose and yeast of 6 g, 40 g and 60 g/l, respectively. Negligible biotransformation rates were observed at a concentration of 8 g/l benzaldehyde. The reaction had a pH optimum of 4.0–4.5. Rates of bioconversion of benzaldehyde and selected substituted aromatic aldehydes using both sucrose and sodium pyruvate as cosubstrate were compared. The rate of aromatic alcohol production was much higher when sucrose was used rather than pyruvate.o-Tolualdehyde and 1-chlorobenzaldehyde were poor substrates for aromatic carbinol formation although the latter produced significant aromatic alcohol in sucrose-containing media. Yields of 2.74 and 3.80 g/l phenylacetyl carbinol were produced from sucrose and pyruvate, respectively, in a 1 h reaction period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569693
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural induction in Drosophila: timing and specificity (2000)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 94 (2000), S. 159-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Drosophila ; induction ; habituation ; associative learning ; T-maze olfactometer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Experiments reported in this paper investigate the properties of a change in the responsiveness of adult Drosophila melanogaster induced by exposure to different rearing media. This effect has previously been described as habituation or associative learning. Exposure to food medium containing 0.08% menthol induced a positive response to menthol odour in a T-maze olfactometer. A brief (one hour) exposure to mentholic food just before testing was sufficient to induce a change in responsiveness. The effect did not persist through periods of more than an hour of separation from mentholic medium. Effects induced by exposure to a single compound were not specific to that compound alone. Menthol-reared flies (MRFs) differed from plain reared flies (PRFs) in their responsiveness to the odours of benzaldehyde and ethyl acetate, as well as menthol, and exposure to ethyl acetate induced a change in response to menthol odour. That there was an induced positive response to menthol in MRFs suggests that conventional habituation is insufficient to explain the induced change in responsiveness, but the generalised nature of this behavioural induction in MRFs is hard to explain in terms of associative learning. The mechanism underlying the induction remains elusive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003998715018
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of Evolutionary Divergence in Courtship Songs of Drosophila pseudoobscura Subspecies (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 13 (2000), S. 255-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: courtship song ; wingbeat ; sexual isolation ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007744416116
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copulatory Courtship in Drosophila birchii and D. serrata, Species Recognition and Sexual Selection (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 13 (2000), S. 361-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Drosophila ; copulatory courtship ; mate choice ; cryptic female choice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two endemic Australian Drosophila species, D. birchii and D. serrata, have a copulatory courtship, i.e., the males court the female mainly during copulation. In the present study we found the males of both species to mount their prospective mating partners selectively, exhibiting both sex and species recognition. The males began to sing after mounting the female, and they often exhibited also postcopulatory displays typical to copulatory courtship. D. birchii and D. serrata females discriminated against males which did not sing during mounting/copulation, which suggests that the females utilize cryptic female choice. Our findings raise the question of how widespread a phenomenon cryptic female choice is in Drosophila species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007710218609
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of early adult experience on host selection in insects: Some experimental and theoretical results (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 1 (1988), S. 3-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: host preference ; habitat selection ; experience ; learning ; Drosophila ; host races ; population genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A field experiment with Drosophila melanogasterrevealed that when flies encounter a particular food type soon after emergence, the probability of their subsequently being attracted to such a resource is increased. In this experiment, the length of time flies experienced their postemergence environments was under the control of the flies themselves. The experiment thus realistically mimicked one form of experiential effect that may be important in nature. A theoretical model is developed which shows that enhanced adult preferences for the types of resources fed on as larvae can substantially increase the degree of host-based genetic subdivision within a polyphagous population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052500
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manganese accumulation in yeast cells (1989)
    Springer
    BioMetals 2 (1989), S. 6-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Manganese ; Electron spin resonance ; Superoxide dismutase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Manganese accumulation was studied by room-temperature electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy inSaccharomyces cerevisiae grown in the presence of increasing amounts of MnSO4. Mn2+ retention was nearly linear in intact cells for fractions related to both low-molecular-mass and macromolecular complexes (‘free’ and ‘bound’ Mn2+, respectively). A deviation from linearity was observed in cell extracts between the control value and 0.1 mM Mn2+, indicating more efficient accumulation at low Mn2+ concentrations. The difference in slopes between the two straight lines describing Mn2+ retention at concentrations lower and higher than 0.1 mM, respectively, was quite large for the free Mn2+ fraction. Furthermore it was unaffected by subsequent dialyses of the extracts, showing stable retention in the form of low-molecular-mass complexes. In contrast, the slope of the line describing retention of ‘bound’ Mn2+ at concentrations higher than 0.1 mM became less steep after subsequent dialyses of the cell extracts. This result indicates that the macromolecule-bound Mn2+ was essentially associated with particulate structures. In contrast to Cu2+, Mn2+ had no effect on the major enzyme activities involved in oxygen metabolism except for a slight increase of cyanide-resistant Mn-superoxide dismutase activity, due to dialyzable Mn2+ complexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01116194
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Xylanase from the psychrophilic yeast Cryptococcus adeliae (2000)
    Springer
    Extremophiles 4 (2000), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-4909
    Keywords: Key words Xylanases ; Psychrophile ; Yeast ; Molecular adaptation ; Molecular modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A xylanase belonging to family 10 is produced by Cryptococcus adeliae, an Antarctic yeast that exhibits optimal growth at low temperature. The mature glycosylated xylanase secreted by C. adeliae is composed of 338 amino acid residues and 26 ± 3 osidic residues, and shares 84% identity with its mesophilic counterpart from C. albidus. The xylanase from C. adeliae is less thermostable than its mesophilic homologue when the residual activities are compared, and this difference was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry experiments. In the range 0°–20°C, the cold-adapted xylanase displays a lower activation energy and a higher catalytic efficiency. All these observations suggest a less compact, more flexible molecular structure. Analysis of computerized molecular models built up for both psychrophilic and mesophilic xylanases indicates that the adaptation to cold consists of discrete changes in the tridimensional structure: of 53 substitutions, 22 are presumably involved in the adaptation process. These changes lead mainly to a less compact hydrophobic packing, to the loss of one salt bridge, and to a destabilization of the macrodipoles of the helices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007920070028
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization and tolerance of ethanol, acetic acid and acetaldehyde vapour by Asobara persimilis, a parasitoid of Drosophila (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Drosophila ; parasitoid ; habitat toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude a porté sur la tolérance et l'utilisation de vapeurs d'éthanol, d'acide acétique et d'acétaldéhyde par Asobara persimilis (Hym. Braconidae), parasitoïde de Drosophila récemment découvert en Australie. Aux faibles concentrations, il n'y a pas d'utilisation significative d'éthanol et d'acide (respectivement moins de 1,5% et 0,1%), cependant la longévité des mâles et des femelles ont augmenté avec les concentrations d'acide acétique de 1,0 et 1,5%. Toutes ces substances sont toxiques à plus forte concentrations, bien qu'il y ait un dimorphisme sexuel et que les femelles survivent significativement plus longtemps que les mâles. La tolérance des braconides est inférieure à celle de leurs hôtes, les Drosophiles cosmopolites et endémiques à l'Australie. Ceci peut faire que ces parasites limitent l'exploitation de leurs hôtes aux habitats avec une faible concentration de produits de fermentation.
    Notes: Abstract The tolerance and utilization of ethanol, acetic acid and acetaldehyde vapour was investigated in Asobara persimilis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Drosophila. No significant utilization of ethanol or acetaldehyde occurred at low concentrations (〈 1.5% and 0.1% respectively), however both female and male longevity was increased at concentrations of 1.0 and 1.5% acetic acid. All substances were toxic at higher concentrations, but there was sexual dimorphism in that females survived significantly longer than males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414501
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