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  • Articles  (35)
  • morphology  (35)
  • Springer  (35)
  • Cambridge University Press
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Springer Nature
  • Taylor & Francis
  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004  (35)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1945-1949
  • 2000  (35)
  • Biology  (35)
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (1)
  • Philosophy
  • Economics
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  • Articles  (35)
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Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (35)
  • Cambridge University Press
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Springer Nature
  • Taylor & Francis
Years
  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004  (35)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1945-1949
Year
  • 2000  (35)
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T.H. Huxley's Criticism of German Cell Theory: An Epigenetic and Physiological Interpretation of Cell Structure (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of the history of biology 33 (2000), S. 247-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0387
    Keywords: cell theory ; morphology ; Thomas Henry Huxley ; physiology ; Schleiden-Schwann cell theory ; Romantic biology ; scientific zoology ; cytology ; preformationism ; natural history ; epigenesis ; Kernmonopol ; histology ; Albert von Kölliker ; embryology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , History
    Notes: Abstract In 1853, the young Thomas Henry Huxley published a long review of German cell theory in which he roundly criticized the basic tenets of the Schleiden-Schwann model of the cell. Although historians of cytology have dismissed Huxley’s criticism as based on an erroneous interpretation of cell physiology, the review is better understood as a contribution to embryology. “The Cell-theory” presents Huxley’s “epigenetic” interpretation of histological organization emerging from changes in the protoplasm to replace the “preformationist” cell theory of Schleiden and Schwann (as modified by Albert vonKölliker), which posited the nucleus as the seat of organic vitality. Huxley’s views influenced a number of British biologists, who continued to oppose German cell theory well into the twentieth century. Yet Huxley was pivotal in introducing the new German program of “scientific zoology” to Britain in the early 1850s,championing its empiricist methodology as a means to enact broad disciplinary and institutional reforms in British natural history.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004881730937
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The First Finding of the Actinia Synandwakia hozawai in the Sea of Okhotsk (2000)
    Springer
    Russian journal of marine biology 26 (2000), S. 445-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1608-3377
    Keywords: actinia ; Synandwakia hozawai ; Sea of Okhotsk ; morphology ; nematocysts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The finding of the actinia Synandwakia hozawai in the coastal waters of northern Sakhalin (Sea of Okhotsk) suggests a wider range of this species, which was previously only known to inhabit the coastal waters of eastern Japan. Data are presented on the morphology of the S. hozawai specimen from the Sea of Okhotsk and the types of its nematocysts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009455007047
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A newLeptographium species associated withTomicus piniperda in south-western China (2000)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 41 (2000), S. 573-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: China ; Leptographium ; morphology ; taxonomy ; Tomicus piniperda
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tomicus species (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) are serious pests of pines with a wide distribution in Europe, Asia and America. In Yunnan, south-western China,T. piniperda has destroyed more than 0.5 million ha ofPinus yunnanensis in the past 15 years. A blue stain fungus belonging to the genusLeptographium is associated with both the shoot-feeding and trunk-attacking stages of the beetle's life cycle. The fungus is morphologically similar to the anamorph ofOphiostoma crassivaginatum and toL. pyrinum, which are both characterised by short robust conidiophores and hyphae covered by a granular layer. Both these species have been isolated from conifers and are associated with insects. After comparing the fungus fromT. piniperda with similarLeptographium species, using light and scanning electron microscopy, we concluded that it represents a new taxon, which is described here asL. yunnanense sp. nov.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02460923
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogeny ofCyclamen L. (Primulaceae): Evidence from morphology and sequence data from the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 220 (2000), S. 147-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Primulaceae ; Cyclamen ; phylogeny ; rDNA sequences ; ITS ; morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A molecular phylogenetic study of the genusCyclamen L. (Primulaceae) has been undertaken, based on sequence data from the 5.8S gene in the ribosomal nuclear DNA and its flanking internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2. Sequence data from 15 species ofCyclamen and seven outgroup taxa selected from Primulaceae and Myrsinaceae were analyzed phylogenetically. A second analysis based on a combined morphological and molecular dataset was performed to evaluate earlier hypotheses of character evolution in the genus. The results indicate that four monophyletic subgroups may be recognized in the genus, viz.Cyclamen, Psilanthum Schwarz,Eucosme Schwarz andGyrophoebe Schwarz. Each of the four subgenera is diagnosed by distinct basic chromosome number, as well as by morphological and molecular characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985043
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative morphological variation inTetramolopium (Asteraceae) in Hawaii and the Cook Islands (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 221 (2000), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Asteraceae ; Tetramolopium ; morphology ; systematics ; Hawaii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Multivariate analyses of quantitative characters were undertaken to examine the pattern of variation resulting from adaptive radiation ofTetramolopium in Hawaii and to investigate the systematics of an undescribed species in the Cook Islands and a group of populations of uncertain affinity on Kalaupapa Peninsula in Hawaii. Taxa differentiated on quantitative characters in the absence of qualitative characters. Differentiation was observed in multiple characters which could be organized into a few principal components. The analyses supported the species rank of the Cook Islands plants. The relationship of the Kalaupapa Peninsula populations to the rest of the taxa needs further study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01086376
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A search for the phylogenetic position of the seven-son flower (Heptacodium, Dipsacales): Combining molecular and morphological evidence (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 225 (2000), S. 185-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Cladistic analyses ; Dipsacales ; Heptacodium ; morphology ; ndhF ; phylogeny ; rbcL
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A first report on the problematic phylogenetic position ofHeptacodium (2 spp.; China) using molecular data from chloroplast DNA is presented. Amplification of ORF2280 homolog region was executed in a number of representative taxa in order to determine ifHeptacodium shows similar structural rearrangements as other Dipsacales. DNA sequences ofndhF were generated to clarify the phylogenetic position ofHeptacodium among Caprifoliaceae (s.l.). Six outgroup taxa and fifteen representatives of Dipsacales were sampled and more than 2100 basepairs ofndhF sequence were used in a cladistic analysis. Parsimony analysis produced two shortest trees and showedHeptacodium as sister to all members of Caprifoliaceae (s.str.), although weakly supported. Additionally, trees were constructed withndhF data supplemented with availablerbcL sequences and a morphological data set. Results of all analyses support an unresolved basal position forHeptacodium among Caprifoliaceae (s.l.), which in part explains the difficulty experienced previously in classifying the genus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985467
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraspecific Variation in the Vocalizations and Hand Pad Morphology of Southern Lesser Bush Babies (Galago moholi): A Comparison with G. senegalensis (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 21 (2000), S. 537-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Keywords: galago ; taxonomy ; vocalization ; morphology ; zoogeography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have shown the taxonomic value of vocal repertoires and hand (volar) pad characteristics in the classification of cryptic nocturnal primates such as bush babies. However, no study included quantitative comparisons within the geographical range of any one species. We investigated levels of intraspecific variation in calls and hand pad characteristics of the southern lesser bush baby (Galago moholi), using the northern lesser bush baby (Galago senegalensis) for interspecific comparisons. Examination of calls recorded from different regions along a transect of 1500 km across southern Africa revealed low levels of intraspecific variation in Galago moholi, whereas comparisons with homologous call-types in G. senegalensis revealed them to be significantly different. Volar pad measurements across the ranges of both species also showed low levels of intraspecific variation and relatively high interspecific variation. These findings demonstrate that vocal and volar pad characteristics can be used as consistent measures of difference between species that look almost identical. These methods provide a practical means of distinguishing between cryptic species, whether in the field, in captivity, or, in the case of volar pads, of preserved specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005400205038
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Penile Morphology and Classification of Bush Babies (Subfamily Galagoninae) (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 21 (2000), S. 815-836 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Keywords: Galago ; bush baby ; classification ; penis ; morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The penile morphologies of nocturnal prosimians are complex and vary considerably between genera and species. Accordingly, comparative morphology can be useful in taxonomic studies, particularly when assessing the status of newly discovered species. I measured features of penile morphology—surface area of the glans penis; shape and size of the keratinized spines on the glans—for populations representing 14 species within the subfamily Galagoninae. Intraspecific variations in penile morphology were relatively minor. By contrast, there are significant differences in several morphological features among closely related, sympatric species, e.g., in the greater bush babies (Otolemur crassicaudatus and O. garnettii) and lesser bush babies (Galago senegalensis and Galago moholi). Assessment of glans area resulted in the recognition of a second needle-clawed form: Euoticus pallidus. Similar divisions exist in the dwarf and greater bush babies with respect to proportional spiny area and characteristics of spine size. I constructed a key based on the presence/absence of certain features—penile spines, dermal markings on the glans, penile lappets—as well as the shape of the baculum and possession of different spinal morphotypes. This key may be used to identify all 14 species of bush babies. Penile morphologies provide a useful guide to specific identity in the Galagoninae, which may be true also for other groups of nocturnal mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005542609002
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increasing the efficiency of reed plantations on stressed lake and river shores by using special clones of Phragmites australis (2000)
    Springer
    Wetlands ecology and management 8 (2000), S. 415-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9834
    Keywords: expansion ; morphology ; nitrogen content ; Phragmites australis ; planting design ; shore restoration ; stand structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In an investigation aimed at comparing the variationin growth and expansion of different reed clones, 10reed clones were planted in spring of 1995 on sixexperimental fields on the River Dahme and the RiverHavel in Berlin. Their sites of origin differed innutrient supply, substrate quality and shoreexposition. The main aim of this large-scaleexperiment was to search for reed clones that would beable to colonize lake shores rapidly and to expandinto deeper water. Two years after planting thedeveloping reed stands differed significantly inmorphology and stand structure, both among clones andamong sites. This indicates that the development ofreed stands depended on the environment as well as onthe genotype. The differences in development impliedthat some of the clones would be more suited thanothers for restoration purposes, so that successfulrestoration of a degraded river or lake shores mightdepend on the selection of the best suited clones.The nitrogen contents in the aboveground biomass oftwo clones differing in nitrogen dynamics at theiroriginal sites (described as `assimilation' and`translocation' types in the literature) did notdiffer in this experiment, even though the two clonesdid differ in some morphological traits. These resultsmight be influenced by the fact that stands were stilldeveloping and that possibly clones had reached adifferent degree of maturity. Nevertheless, theysuggest that nitrogen content depends more on siteconditions, with only little genetically determineddifference, and that morphological variation isdetermined by factors other than variation in nitrogenuptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026510018318
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogeny of the tribe Antirrhineae (Scrophulariaceae) based on morphological andndhF sequence data (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 220 (2000), S. 223-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Scrophulariaceae ; Antirrhineae ; morphology ; ndhF ; phylogeny ; pollination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Antirrhineae (Scrophulariaceae) are analysed and discussed on the basis of parsimony analyses of morphological andndhF gene sequence data. The results indicate that the tribe Antirrhineae consists of four major groups of genera, theAnarrhinum clade, theGambelia clade, theMaurandya clade, and theAntirrhinum clade. TheAnarrhinum clade, consisting of the Old World bee-pollinated generaAnarrhinum andKickxia, is sister to the rest of the tribe. TheGambelia clade consists of the New World generaGambelia andGalvezia, which are very closely related and pollinated by hummingbirds. TheMaurandya clade consists of one subclade includingMaurandya and a number of related bee- or hummingbird-pollinated New World genera and another subclade with the Old World bee-pollinated generaAsarina andCymbalaria. TheAntirrhinum clade consists mainly of bee-pollinated Old World genera, such asAntirrhinum, Linaria, Chaenorhinum, and their segregates, but also includes the New World generaMohavea andHowelliella, of which the latter is known to be partly pollinated by hummingbirds. It is concluded that hummingbirdpollination has evolved independently within Antirrhineae at least three times from bee-pollinated ancestors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985047
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