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  • Artikel  (35)
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  • Springer  (35)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Cambridge University Press
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  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004  (35)
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  • 2000  (35)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ranking the Azorean Natural Forest Reserves for Conservation Using their Endemic Arthropods (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 4 (2000), S. 129-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Schlagwort(e): biodiversity ; rank ; forest reserves ; Azores ; Atlantic islands
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Wissenschaftskunde und Wissenschaftsorganisation, Hochschul- und Universitätswesen, Museumswissenschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Endemic arthropods were used to evaluate the conservation value of the 16 Natural Forest Reserves (NFRs) of the Azores (Macaronesia). For each of the 280 known Azorean endemic species of arthropods, a rarity index was calculated, using distribution and abundance data obtained from the literature. In addition, several scoring indices were used to rank the 16 NFRs. Frequency distributions of the rarity index indicated that there was a tendency for a greater proportion of the commonest species being represented in the NFRs in contrast with a lower representation of the rarest species. About 60% of the endemic arthropod species that were recorded from the NFRs are ‘single NFR endemics’, that is, are known from only one of the 16 NFRs. Species richness was considered to be a very good surrogate measure of the conservation value of the 16 NFRs under study. The fact that the six highest ranked NFRs (using a composite multi-criteria index) are located in different islands has some important conservation management implications; to preserve a large proportion of the Azorean arthropod biodiversity there is a need to protect sites in all islands. If the five highest ranked NFRs are correctly managed in terms of conservation, then at least 80% of the endemic arthropods known from the NFRs could be protected. Most of the tested taxa (Acari-Oribatei; Lepidoptera; Diptera; Coleoptera) are good surrogates of the overall total set of species present in the 16 NFRs when using a species richness index.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009629012205
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Landscape change patterns in mountains, land use and environmental diversity, Mid-Norway 1960–1993 (2000)
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 15 (2000), S. 155-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Schlagwort(e): biodiversity ; conservation ; disturbance ; forest succession ; fragmentation ; grazing ; land use change ; mountain ; semi-natural grasslands ; sub-alpine ; sustainable agriculture
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The Norwegain mountains have had a central role in the subsistence agroecosystems by providing vast biological resources for humans and their livestock since 4000–3500 BP as indicated by paleoecological records. Later with the development of the summer farming system the use of the mountains was intensified. This long-term use of the mountains has shaped a montane cultural landscape by livestock grazing, mowing for hay, fuel collection and a variety of other uses. The result is a significant increase of the grassland areas at the expense of the forest. Those semi-natural grasslands and heathlands with specific biological diversity have until recently dominated the mountains but are today decreasing due to forest invasion – which in turn is a result of changes in human land use. The present paper focuses on changes in landscape pattern and differences in landscape development in two mountain valleys with summer farming activities, in Mid-Norway, over the period 1960s–1990s, and seeks to interpret the changes in relation to differential land use and environmental factors. This study contributes examples from human shaped ecosystems in mountains where the fragmentation of semi-natural habitats is addressed. A set of landscape pattern indices commonly used in landscape ecological studies is also used here, and their ecological relevance in the present context is dealt with. The implications of changed land use for biodiversity conservation in those mountains and the relationships to future sustainable agriculture is also briefly discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008173628016
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Aspects of landscape or nature quality (2000)
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 15 (2000), S. 291-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Schlagwort(e): atmosphere ; biodiversity ; connoisseur ; ethics ; landscape quality ; narrativity ; nature quality ; picturesque
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Landscape or nature quality has become a key concept in relation to nature policy and landscape planning. In the first part of the article it is argued, that these qualities should not be conceived as mere expressions of private or subjective preferences. Even though there may not be any `objective' or `scientific' method dealing with them, they are still values which can be shared, reflected on, and discussed in a reasonable way. The connoisseurs are introduced as experienced persons, who are particularly capable of identifying different kinds of qualities, bridge builders between cognition and evaluation. The second part of the article deals with four central sets of landscape or nature qualities: qualities related to species diversity, qualities related to the `atmospheres' and characters of places, pictorial qualities, and qualities related to narrativity. It is argued that experience of these and similar qualities are an important part of human flourishing, and that they should therefore all have a prominent place in landscape planning.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008192301500
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gap analysis: concepts, methods, and recent results* (2000)
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 15 (2000), S. 5-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Schlagwort(e): biodiversity ; conservation ; large-area mapping ; gap analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Rapid progress is being made in the conceptual, technical, and organizational requirements for generating synoptic multi-scale views of the earth's surface and its biological content. Using the spatially comprehensive data that are now available, researchers, land managers, and land-use planners can, for the first time, quantitatively place landscape units – from general categories such as ‘Forests’ or ‘Cold-Deciduous Shrubland Formation’ to more categories such as ‘Picea glauca-Abies balsamea-Populus spp. Forest Alliance’ – in their large-area contexts. The National Gap Analysis Program (GAP) has developed the technical and organizational capabilities necessary for the regular production and analysis of such information. This paper provides a brief overview of concepts and methods as well as some recent results from the GAP projects. Clearly, new frameworks for biogeographic information and organizational cooperation are needed if we are to have any hope of documenting the full range of species occurrences and ecological processes in ways meaningful to their management. The GAP experience provides one model for achieving these new frameworks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008184408300
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    GAP management status and regional indicators of threats to biodiversity (2000)
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 15 (2000), S. 21-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Schlagwort(e): biodiversity ; California ; ecological indicators ; gap analysis ; land use ; projected human population growth ; road density index ; zoning
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Conservation assessment requires quantitative criteria for evaluating the relative degree of threat faced by species or ecological communities. Identifying appropriate criteria for communities is complicated because the species inhabiting them can have many different responses to land uses and other forms of environmental stress. The Gap Analysis Program (GAP) uses summary data on the proportion of the community that is protected as an estimate of its vulnerability. Management status from a gap analysis of California was compared with three ecological indicators (permitted land uses, human population growth, and the spatial extent of road effects) that more directly represent impacts on biodiversity. The classification of management status appears to provide a crude first approximation of these three indicators. Public and private lands that are not formally protected were susceptible to extensive land use conversion or resource extraction in both rural and urban settings. Some plant community types are more susceptible to future infringement by human population increases that were not well predicted by management status alone. Other community types have a high road density despite being moderately well protected. It is suggested that indicators such as future growth and current road effects could complement status in rating the potential vulnerability of plant communities and setting conservation priorities. The choice of indicators will depend on the threatening processes in a given region and the availability of spatial data to map or model them.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008105026956
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prospects for Restoring the Biodiversity of Steppe Vegetation: Sowing of Perennial Grasses (2000)
    Springer
    Russian journal of ecology 31 (2000), S. 439-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1608-3334
    Schlagwort(e): progressive succession ; fields of perennial grasses ; biodiversity ; steppes ; syntaxonomy ; synanthropic vegetation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026652128542
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biodiversity Clearing-House Mechanism in China: present status and future needs (2000)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 9 (2000), S. 361-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Schlagwort(e): biodiversity ; China ; Clearing-House Mechanism ; database ; information networks
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract China is one of the 'megadiversity' countries of the world, and is therefore rich in biodiversity information. The decision making on biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization demands sufficient, accurate, data and information which covers living things as well as natural background and human activities. It is estimated that 152 biodiversity databases have been developed in China, mainly distributed in the thematic information categories of forestry, nature reserve, forest ecosystem, animal, plant, crop germplasm resource, traditional Chinese medicine, water resource, geology/geography, and climate/meteorology, etc. The status quo of biodiversity information system was also reviewed and main information networks related to biodiversity were presented. There are problems in the CHM construction in China, such as insufficient funding, unreasonable organizational mechanism, and low-level information sharing. Future needs for the CHM construction were discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008958902306
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Illegal wildlife trade in the Himalayan region of China (2000)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 9 (2000), S. 901-918 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Schlagwort(e): biodiversity ; CITES ; Giant panda ; Himalayan region ; illegal wildlife trade ; legislation ; Saker Falcon
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The Himalayan region of China, with its rich biodiversity, used to be important for hunting and collecting of medicinal plants. In the past decades, conservation attitudes and legislation for wildlife conservation have developed rapidly in China. Increasing numbers of species are listed in the state protection list and local protection lists. In the Himalayan region, the area of natural reserves is high accounting for 70% of total area of natural reserves in China. However, wildlife in Himalayan region is suffering from illegal hunting and trade even after China has enforced the China Wildlife Protection Law (CWPL). The illegal wildlife trade and smuggling across Sino-neighbouring country borders and illegal wildlife trade related to domestic use flourish in the region. Although domestic illegal trade has declined in the past ten years, international illegal trade and smuggling continue, and are even expanding, thereby threatening survival of many endangered species such as the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsoni), Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug). Illegal wildlife trade in the region is attributed to four factors. First, the CWPL is still imperfect, especially concerning illegal trade and smuggling across borders. Second, CWPL is not fully enforced. Third, infrastructure in many nature reserves is undeveloped and human resources are lacking. Fourth, protection is hampered by differences in the laws of neighbouring countries, differences in penalties and in degrees of protection. Furthermore, national legislation is often not fully enforced in areas that are inhabited mainly by tribal and minority communities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008905430813
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Speaking and listening to nature: ethics within ecology (2000)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 9 (2000), S. 1009-1027 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Schlagwort(e): biodiversity ; metaphor ; personalism ; situated knowledge ; social construction of science
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract One context for the papers arising from INTECOL VII in this special issue is the debate over the social construction of science. Some fear that advocates for the social or cultural construction of ecology will undermine attempts to defend nature. But resources are made available in a mediating position of social ‘construal’, particularly alerting ecologists to the social and ethical dimensions of the conducting of their work. When speaking, ecologists will use living and dead metaphors and these carry connotations which in turn raise ethical questions. Different political interest groups may use a word like biodiversity for different ethical purposes. The position of any one speaker is limited, and so greater knowledge is achieved if scientists listen to the situated knowledges of other, diverse people. Even Nature herself, or creatures, may have aspects of personhood. The good ecologist will listen with empathy as a naturalist to what is being said, giving Nature the respect she deserves. These are some of the ethical implications in the very doing of ecology.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008962316747
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mammal fauna of the Muni-Pomadze Ramsar site, Ghana (2000)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 9 (2000), S. 541-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Schlagwort(e): biodiversity ; bushmeat ; conservation ; duikers ; hunting ; insectivores ; mammals ; monitoring ; rodents
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A survey of the terrestrial mammal fauna of Muni-Pomadze Ramsar site along the Ghana coastline recorded 13 species, with 9 additional species reported by local villagers. Small mammal communities are most diverse in the grassland-thicket habitats surrounding the lagoons. Less diverse communities were present in and around managed Ecalyptus plantations or near villages. Duikers, antelope, bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus), and cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus) are hunted (or trapped) for bushmeat. Bushbuck, in particular, play an important role in certain cultural ceremonies at Muni-Pomadze. Conservation efforts at these localities should focus on the management of bushmeat species and the establishment of a long-term monitoring program using small mammal communities as bioindicators of the health of the terrestrial habitats bordering Muni Lagoon.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008964000018
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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