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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle propagation effects on solar flare X- and γ-ray time profiles (1986)
    Springer
    Solar physics 105 (1986), S. 365-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Much of the evidence for second stage particle acceleration in solar flares lies in the temporal variation of solar X- and γ-ray emissions. However, the solar flare X- and γ-ray burst time-intensity profiles are governed not only by the production or acceleration of electrons and protons but by the propagation of these particles in the solar atmosphere. The effects of particle propagation on X-ray and γ-ray time profiles are illustrated and compared through the use of three models with the result that a variety of particle propagation schemes reproduce effects commonly associated with second stage acceleration. The first model is that of a closed uniform density trap. The other two models employ particle diffusion from a trap to denser regions of the solar atmosphere to produce the high energy radiation. These calculations show that delayed peaking of the photon flux with respect to particle production and reduction in the impulsiveness of the high energy emission is to be expected, effects commonly associated with second stage acceleration. Thus, well understood physical processes are capable of producing so-called time delays in the high energy emission independent of any delays produced by additional particle acceleration processes. Diagnostic differences between these models are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172054
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solar Energetic Particles (2000)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 93 (2000), S. 35-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this brief review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of solar energetic particles. This includes energetic particles contained within the site of solar flares that are responsible for X-ray, γ-ray and neutron emission and particles accelerated at high coronal altitudes and in interplanetary space by travelling disturbances such as coronal mass ejections. Special emphasis is placed on those particles directly or indirectly associated with neutron monitor signals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026580008909
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-Duration Solar Gamma-Ray Flares (2000)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 93 (2000), S. 581-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Long-duration solar γ-ray flares are those in which high-energy photon emission is present well beyond the impulsive phase, indicating the presence of either stored or continuously accelerated ions. We review both the observations and the current theories or models that can explain this unusual phenomenon. The present situation favors either acceleration of protons and ions for long periods of time by second order Fermi acceleration in large coronal loops or acceleration in large-scale, CME-associated reconnection sheets. Observations in the upcoming solar maximum may resolve this problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026547513730
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodiversity and ecology of coastal wetlands in Ghana (2000)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 9 (2000), S. 445-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008956818248
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mammal fauna of the Muni-Pomadze Ramsar site, Ghana (2000)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 9 (2000), S. 541-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: biodiversity ; bushmeat ; conservation ; duikers ; hunting ; insectivores ; mammals ; monitoring ; rodents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A survey of the terrestrial mammal fauna of Muni-Pomadze Ramsar site along the Ghana coastline recorded 13 species, with 9 additional species reported by local villagers. Small mammal communities are most diverse in the grassland-thicket habitats surrounding the lagoons. Less diverse communities were present in and around managed Ecalyptus plantations or near villages. Duikers, antelope, bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus), and cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus) are hunted (or trapped) for bushmeat. Bushbuck, in particular, play an important role in certain cultural ceremonies at Muni-Pomadze. Conservation efforts at these localities should focus on the management of bushmeat species and the establishment of a long-term monitoring program using small mammal communities as bioindicators of the health of the terrestrial habitats bordering Muni Lagoon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008964000018
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Muni-Pomadze Ramsar site (2000)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 9 (2000), S. 447-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: biodiversity ; conservation ; Ghana ; RAMSAR ; wetland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Coastal Wetlands Management Project (CWMP), funded by the Global Environment Facility and implemented by the Ghana Wildlife Department, seeks to preserve the ecological integrity of coastal lagoons that serve as important sites for migratory waterbirds. This report describes the geomorphology, hydrology, soils, water chemistry, and vegetation of the Muni-Pomadze Ramsar site. Muni lagoon is a saline, shallow water lagoon separated from the sea by a sand bar which may be breached occasionally. The bulk of the rainfall in the catchment evaporates or flows as surface runoff into three streams that empty into Muni lagoon. Open water in the lagoon varies seasonally from 100 ha in the dry season to over 1000 ha in the wet season. The natural flora of the site can be divided into four main types; flood plain (including mangrove and wetland vegetation), dune vegetation, riverine vegetation, and terrestrial vegetation on elevated ground. The latter consists of a combination of grasslands, thickets, and Eucalyptus plantations. Fifty-three percent of the site is classified as natural vegetation. An additional 32.5% is agricultural land and 12.6% is residential area for the 11 communities within the site. The main source of employment are farming or fishing. The area surrounding Muni lagoon is used extensively for bushmeat hunting and as the tribal hunting grounds of the Efutu people. Apart from the global importance of the Muni-Pomadze site for biodiversity, management of the site is further justified by its considerable potential for development as an income-generating and educational nature reserve with an eco-cultural theme, managed by the local communities in partnership with the governmental and non-governmental conservation agencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008954302319
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative morphology and evolution of cheek pouches in rodents (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 190 (1986), S. 27-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: There are two types of cheek pouches in extant rodents. Internal cheek pouches are evaginations of the oral cavity deep to M. platysma and M. sphincter colli profundus, and have evolved independently in some species of the superfamilies Sciuroidea and Muroidea. External, furlined cheek pouches open lateral to and separate from the oral cavity, (also deep to M. platysma and M. sphincter colli profundus), and occur in all species of the families Geomyidae and Heteromyidae. The presence of external, furlined cheek pouches is a synapomorphy for the superfamily Geomyoidea.The posterior retractor muscle of the pouch is derived from facial musculature in sciurids, from trapezius musculature in cricetids, and from both facial and trapezius muscle groups in the Geomyoidea. Differences also exist in the musculature associated with the pouch opening. In the Sciuridae and Cricetidae, the M. buccinatorius muscle group acts as a sphincter to control the size of the pouch opening. In the Geomyoidea, the size of the opening is controlled by the M. orbicularis sacculi in concert with a slip of the M. Platysma myoides.Thin sections and scanning electron micrographs of the pouch tissue reveal the presence of dermal papillae in Phodopus sungorus but not in a close relative, Mesocricetus auratus. All members of the subfamily Cricetinae have a peninsula of highly folded tissue projecting anteriorly from the posteromedial pouch wall. This folding allows for expansion of the pouch walls when food is stored in the pouch.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051900104
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical and myosin composition of vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) pectoralis muscle targets a unique locomotory niche (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 217 (1993), S. 347-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The vampire bat pectoralis muscle contains at least four fiber types distributed in a nonhomogeneous pattern. One of these fiber types, here termed IIe, can be elucidated only by adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) histochemistry combined with reactions against antifast and antislow myosin antibodies. The histochemical and immunohistochemical observations indicate a well-developed specialization of function within specific regions of the muscle. In parallel, analyses of native myosin isoforms and myosin heavy chain isoforms indicate two points. First, the histochemical “type IIe” fiber is predominant in cranial portions of the muscle, and myosin extracted from these regions exhibits a unique electrophoretic mobility not observed in the myosin isoforms of more traditional laboratory mammals. Second, the type I fibers are confined to the pectoralis abdominalis muscle and a small adjacent region of the caudal part of the pectoralis. This pattern of type I fiber distribution is considered a derived character state compared to muscle histochemical phenotype and isoform composition in the pectoralis muscles of other phyllostomids we have studied (Artibeus jamaicensis, Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata). We relate this to the unique locomotory needs of the common vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052170309
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  • 9
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    SONTRAC: An imaging spectrometer for MeV neutrons (2003)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0168-9002
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9576
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
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    Applications for New Scintillator Technologies in Gamma Ray Astronomy (2016)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-01
    Print ISSN: 1742-6588
    Electronic ISSN: 1742-6596
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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