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  • Chromatography
  • Dielectric properties
  • ENDNOTE?
  • Fracture
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (22)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Institute of Physics
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  • 1
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    Flow-through quantification of microplastics using impedance spectroscopy (2021)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-21
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Colson, B. C., & Michel, A. P. M. Flow-through quantification of microplastics using impedance spectroscopy. ACS Sensors, 6(1), (2021): 238–244, doi:10.1021/acssensors.0c02223.
    Description: Understanding the sources, impacts, and fate of microplastics in the environment is critical for assessing the potential risks of these anthropogenic particles. However, our ability to quantify and identify microplastics in aquatic ecosystems is limited by the lack of rapid techniques that do not require visual sorting or preprocessing. Here, we demonstrate the use of impedance spectroscopy for high-throughput flow-through microplastic quantification, with the goal of rapid measurement of microplastic concentration and size. Impedance spectroscopy characterizes the electrical properties of individual particles directly in the flow of water, allowing for simultaneous sizing and material identification. To demonstrate the technique, spike and recovery experiments were conducted in tap water with 212–1000 μm polyethylene beads in six size ranges and a variety of similarly sized biological materials. Microplastics were reliably detected, sized, and differentiated from biological materials via their electrical properties at an average flow rate of 103 ± 8 mL/min. The recovery rate was ≥90% for microplastics in the 300–1000 μm size range, and the false positive rate for the misidentification of the biological material as plastic was 1%. Impedance spectroscopy allowed for the identification of microplastics directly in water without visual sorting or filtration, demonstrating its use for flow-through sensing.
    Description: The authors thank the Richard Saltonstall Charitable Foundation and the National Academies Keck Futures Initiative (NAKFI DBS13) for their funding support.
    Keywords: Microplastics ; Plastics ; Impedance spectroscopy ; Dielectric properties ; Instrumentation ; Particle detection ; Flow-through ; Environmental sensing
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
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    Production of two highly abundant 2-methyl-branched fatty acids by blooms of the globally significant marine cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum (2021)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Gosselin, K. M., Nelson, R. K., Spivak, A. C., Sylva, S. P., Van Mooy, B. A. S., Aeppli, C., Sharpless, C. M., O’Neil, G. W., Arrington, E. C., Reddy, C. M., & Valentine, D. L. Production of two highly abundant 2-methyl-branched fatty acids by blooms of the globally significant marine cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum. ACS Omega, 6(35), (2021): 22803–22810, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c03196.
    Description: The bloom-forming cyanobacteria Trichodesmium contribute up to 30% to the total fixed nitrogen in the global oceans and thereby drive substantial productivity. On an expedition in the Gulf of Mexico, we observed and sampled surface slicks, some of which included dense blooms of Trichodesmium erythraeum. These bloom samples contained abundant and atypical free fatty acids, identified here as 2-methyldecanoic acid and 2-methyldodecanoic acid. The high abundance and unusual branching pattern of these compounds suggest that they may play a specific role in this globally important organism.
    Description: This work was funded with grants from the National Science Foundation grants OCE-1333148, OCE-1333162, and OCE-1756254 and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (IR&D). GCxGC analysis made possible by WHOI’s Investment in Science Fund.
    Keywords: Lipids ; Alkyls ; Bacteria ; Genetics ; Chromatography
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    The boundary element method for stress concentrations and fracture problems (1986)
    Institute of Physics
    In:  Professional Paper, Boundary Element Methods. Theory and Application, Bristol, Institute of Physics, vol. 9, no. 16, pp. 1-23, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Stress ; Rock mechanics ; Stress intensity factor ; Boundary Element Method ; Fracture ; ENDNOTE?
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Boundary Element Methods. Theory and Application (1986)
    Institute of Physics
    In:  Bristol, Institute of Physics, vol. 8, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 95-104, (ISBN 0-865-42078-5)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Rock mechanics ; Fracture ; Boundary Element Method ; Elasticity ; Dynamic
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid estimation of the number of coeluting components in liquid chromatography by factor analysis (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 5 (1991), S. 417-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Factor analysis ; Power density distribution ; Chromatography ; Absorption spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Evaluation of the results of factor analysis of sets of spectroscopically detected chromatograms is carried out by examining the shapes of the abstract factors. This is done either by visual inspection or by analysis of the power density spectra produced from them. Owing to constraints imposed by the column function and the spectroscopic instrument function, the information content of the chromatograms necessarily occurs at low spatial frequencies. As a consequence, it appears as relatively broad features in the abstract chromatograms and as a peak in the low-frequency region of the corresponding power density plot. On the basis of examination of the power density distribution, a well-defined distinction is made between primary and secondary abstract factors. The major uncertainty encountered in determining the number of chemical components appears to arise from effects of contaminants in reagents.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180050503
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpretation of the real plate number concept: A fundamental analysis (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chromatography ; Theory ; Chromatographic systems analysis ; Real plate number ; Fundamental interpretation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The real plate number concept is interpreted in terms of the fundamental properties of a chromatograph. It is shown that the linear relationship between the total peak width at half height, (b0.5)T, t, and k is only an approximation of the more general linear relationship between (b0.5)2T, t and (1 + k)2. In the case where the relationship between (b0.5)T, t and k approaches linearity, it is concluded, firstly, that b0 = a, i. e., b0 is a column property and independent of extra-column phenomena and, secondly, that nreal=ntheor. When the relationship becomes non-linear, b0 is determined partly by extra-column phenomena, but not in terms of a useful relationship. It is concluded that it is unnecessary to introduce the parameters a, b0 and nreal, since they all have counterparts in the established theory of chromatography. These counterparts prove to be equally useful in the practical analysis of chromatographic systems.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240010109
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Violation of the linearity principle of additivity of sorption energy in chromatography. A universal equation describing retention behavior (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 584-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chromatography ; Additivity of sorption energy ; Universal equation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deviations from the additivity of energy contributions to substance sorption energies, determined on the basis of thermodynamic studies of GC behavior of homologous series of organic compounds fall into two categories: one for n-alkanes, the other for homologous series containing a functional group. A previously derived equation is proposed for homologous series, describing the deviation from the linear dependence of retention parameters with a propagating homolog n-alkyl chain. The equation permits calculation of retention parameters of homologs starting from the first member in gas-liquid, gas-solid, and liquid-liquid systems. The results prove its universal applicability.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240091008
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unified nomenclature for chromatography (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 16 (1993), S. 258-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Nomenclature ; Chromatography ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The background of the new Unified Nomenclature for Chromatography just accepted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is explained and selected highlights of the new rules are elaborated.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240160411
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatographic terminal band lengths (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 118-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chromatography ; Terminal band length ; Band spreading ; Theoretical plates ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A terminal band length is defined here as the length of a dispersed solute band as it emerges from the chromatographic column. The number of terminal band lengths per column can be used in the same way that the number of theoretical plates per column is used to measure and compare chromatographic efficiencies, but with greater insight since the proposed unit of measure is an easily visualized, real entity. In addition, the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) can be regarded as a ratio of the terminal band lenght to sixteen times the number of equivalent terminal band lengths that could be contained in tandem in the column. This concept offers another approach to understanding the meaning of the term, HETP. The terminal band length of a series of homologues is constant and independent of retention time above a certain solute molecular size and column capacity ratio. Within those conditions the correlation between the recorded peak width and retention time during isothermal analysis occurs primarily as a result of change in solute velocity.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070303
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatographic quantitation using fractions of the peak areas (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 315-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chromatography ; Quantitative Analysis ; Computer calculation of peak areas ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantitative chromatographic analysis is liable to errors due to peak asymmetry because the uncertainty in the detected position of the end of the peak tail decreases the reliability of the computed peak area. This dependence may be a severe drawback whenever peaks of different areas must be compared, as in the case of calibration curves. A new approach to overcome the uncertainties of area calculation due to peak asymmetry is reported in this paper. The approach consists of calculating only the area included between the start and the maximum of the chromatographic peak. Simulated and experimental chromatographic data were used in this study. Both the peak start-to-peak maximum area (SMA) and the start-to-end or total area (TA) were calculated and the quantitative results were compared. Within the scope of this work it is concluded that the SMA yields calibration curves that are more linear and have intercepts closer to zero than the calibration curves obtained using the TA.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180510
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