ALBERT

Note: Contents: Introduction 1. The Emergence of Transatlantic Agricultural Tensions (1957 to 1971) 2. Turbulent Markets and Increasing Trade Conflicts (1972 to 1985) 3. The Adoption of Disciplines and the Domestic Reforms (1986 to 2001) 4. Growing Challenges to US and EU Farm Policies (2001 to 2014) 5. Food Policy Moves to Center Stage in Transatlantic Relations (1986 to 2013) 6. The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership and the Path to Convergence (2011 to 2014 and Beyond) 7. Lasting Conflict or Eventual Convergence? References Index

Note: Contents: 1. The resurrection of the city -- 2. Land underneath the city -- 3. The dynamics of the Dutch system of cities -- 4. The production city -- 5. The consumer city -- 6. Land prices and governmental policy -- 7. Agglomeration benefits and spatial planning policy -- 8. Social cost-benefit analysis of an inner city transformation project -- 9. Agenda for the future

Note: PART I: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE ; 1. Introduction ; 2. Too Many Levels or Just About Right? Multilevel Governance and Environmental Performance ; PART II: MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE OF WATER RESOURCES ; 3. Subsidiarity as a ‘Scaling Device’ in Environmental Governance: The Case of the European Union ; 4. Multilevel Governance and the Politics of Environmental Water Recoveries ; 5. Playing a Zero Sum Game: Sharing Water between Jurisdictions in Federations ; PART III: MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION ; 6. Climate Governance in the European Union Multi-level System: The Role of the Cities ; 7. Bottom-up versus Top-down: The Evolving American Climate Policy Odyssey ; 8. Institutional Strength, Intergovernmental Relations, and National Climate Policy Coordination: Australia and Canada Compared ; 9. Allocating Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions Amongst Sectors and Jurisdictions in Federated Systems: The European Union, Germany and Canada ; PART IV: FINDINGS ON EFFECTIVENESS AND GOVERNANCE PATTERNS ; 10. Ensuring the Effectiveness of European Union Environmental Law: From Supranational Lawmaking to Multilevel Enforcement ; 11. What is Multilevel Environmental Governance? When Does It Work?

Note: Contents: Preface. - 1 Introduction and datatypes. - 1.1 Why ordination?. - 1.2 Datatypes. - 1.3 Data transformation and standardisation. - 1.4 Missing values. - 1.5 Types of analyses. - 2 Using Canoco 5. - 2.1 Philosophy of Canoco 5. - 2.2 Data import and editing. - 2.3 Defining analyses. - 2.4 Visualising results. - 2.5 Beware, CANOCO 4.x users!. - 3 Experimental design. - 3.1 Completely randomised design. - 3.2 Randomised complete blocks. - 3.3 Latin square design. - 3.4 Pseudo replicates. - 3.5 Combining more than one factor. - 3.6 Following the development of objects in time: repeated observations. - 3.7 Experimental and observational data. - 4 Basics of gradient analysis. - 4.1 Techniques of gradient analysis. - 4.2 Models of response to gradients. - 4.3 Estimating species optima by weighted averaging. - 4.4 Calibration. - 4.5 Unconstrained ordination. - 4.6 Constrained ordination. - 4.7 Basic ordination techniques. - 4.8 Ordination axes as optimal predictors. - 4.9 Ordination diagrams. - 4.10 Two approaches. - 4.11 Testing significance of the relation with explanatory variables. - 4.12 Monte Carlo permutation tests for the significance of regression. - 4.13 Relating two biotic communities. - 4.14 Community composition as a cause: using reverse analysis. - 5.1 Permutation tests: the philosophy. - 5.2 Pseudo-F statistics and significance. - 5.3 Testing individual constrained axes. - 5.4 Tests with spatial or temporal constraints. - 5.5 Tests with hierarchical constraints. - 5.6 Simple versus conditional effects and stepwises election. - 5.7 Variation partitioning. - 5.8 Significance adjustment for multiple tests. - 6 Similarity measures and distance-based methods. - 6.1 Similarity measures for presence-absence data. - 6.2 Similarity measures for quantitative data. - 6.3 Similarity of cases versus similarity of communities. - 6.4 Similarity between species in trait values. - 6.5 Principal coordinates analysis. - 6.6 Constrained principal coordinates analysis (db-RDA). - 6.7 Non-metric multidimensional scaling. - 6.8 Mantel test. - 7.1 Example data set properties. - 7.2 Non-hierarchical classification (K-means clustering). - 7.3 Hierarchical classification. - 7.4 TWINSPAN. - 8 Regression methods. - 8.1 Regression models in general. - 8.2 General linear model: terms. - 8.3 Generalized linear models (GLM). - 8.4 Loess smoother. - 8.5 Generalized additive models (GAM). - 8.6 Mixed-effect models (LMM, GLMM and GAMM). - 8.7 Classification and regression trees (CART). - 8.8 Modelling species response curves with Canoco. - 9 Interpreting community composition with functional traits. - 9.1 Required data. - 9.2 Two approaches in traits - environment studies. - 9.3 Community-based approach. - 9.4 Species-based approach. - 10 Advanced use of ordination. - 10.1 Principal response curves (PRC). - 10.2 Separating spatial variation. - 10.3 Linear discriminant analysis. - 10.4 Hierarchical analysis of community variation. - 10.5 Partitioning diversity indices into alpha and beta components. - 10.6 Predicting community composition. - 11 Visualising multivariate data. - 11.1 Reading ordination diagrams of linear methods. - 11.2 Reading ordination diagrams of unimodal methods. - 11.3 Attribute plots. - 11.4 Visualising classification, groups, and sequences. - 11.5 T-value biplot. - 12 Case study 1: Variation in forest bird assemblages. - 12.1 Unconstrained ordination: portraying variation in bird community. - 12.2 Simple constrained ordination: the effect of altitude on bird community. - 12.3 Partial constrained ordination: additional effect of other habitat characteristics. - 12.4 Separating and testing alpha and beta diversity. - 13 Case study 2: Search for community composition patterns and their environmental correlates: vegetation of spring meadows. - 13.1 Unconstrained ordination. - 13.2 Constrained ordination. - 13.3 Classification. - 13.4 Suggestions for additional analyses. - 13.5 Comparing two communities. - 14 Case study 3: Separating the effects of explanatory variables. - 14.1 Introduction. - 14.2 Data. - 14.3 Changes in species richness and composition. - 14.4 Changes in species traits. - 15 Case study 4: Evaluation of experiments in randomised complete blocks. - 15.1 Introduction. - 15.2 Data. - 15.3 Analysis. - 15.4 Calculating ANOVA using constrained ordination. - 16 Case study 5: Analysis of repeated observations of species composition from a factorial experiment. - 16.1 Introduction. - 16.2 Experimental design. - 16.3 Data coding and use. - 16.4 Univariate analyses. - 16.5 Constrained ordinations. - 16.6 Principal response curves. - 16.7 Temporal changes across treatments. - 16.8 Changes in composition of functional traits. - 17 Case study 6: Hierarchical analysis of crayfish community variation. - 17.1 Data and design. - 17.2 Differences among sampling locations. - 17.3 Hierarchical decomposition of community variation. - 18 Case study 7: Analysis of taxonomic data with discriminant analysis and distance-based ordination. - 18.1 Data. - 18.2 Summarising morphological data with PCA. - 18.3 Linear discriminant analysis of morphological data. - 18.4 Principal coordinates analysis of AFLP data. - 18.5 Testing taxon differences in AFLP data using db-RDA. - 18.6 Taking populations into account. - 19 Case study 8: Separating effects of space and environment on oribatid community with PCNM. - 19.1 Ignoring the space. - 19.2 Detecting spatial trends. - 19.3 All-scale spatial variation of community and environment. - 19.4 Variation partitioning with spatial predictors. - 19.5 Visualising spatial variation. - 20 Case study 9: Performing linear regression with redundancy analysis. - 20.1 Data. - 20.2 Linear regression using program R. - 20.3 Linear regression with redundancy analysis. - 20.4 Fitting generalized linear models in Canoco. - Appendix A Glossary. - Appendix B Sample data sets and projects. - Appendix C Access to Canoco and overview of other software. - Appendix D Working with R. - References. - Index to useful tasks in Canoco 5. - Subject index.

Note: 1. Introduction : high hopes and down-to-earth realism / Frans Oosterhuis and Patrick ten Brink2. A global survey of potentially environmentally harmful subsidies / Ronald Steenblik -- 3. Hidden subsidies : the invisible part of the EHS iceberg / Sirini Withana ... [et al.] -- 4. Can we recognise an environmentally harmful subsidy if we see one? / Jan Pieters -- 5. Quantifying the impacts of environmentally harmful subsidies / Cees van Beers and Jeroen van den Bergh -- 6. Energy subsidies / Frans Oosterhuis and Katharina Umpfenbach -- 7. Environmentally harmful subsidies in the transport sector / Laurent Franckx and Inge Mayeres -- 8. Agriculture, food and water / Frans Oosterhuis and Kris Bachus -- 9. Environmentally harmful subsidies and biodiversity / Patrick ten Brink ... [et al.] -- 10. Reforming EHS in Europe : success stories, failures and agenda setting / Jacqueline Cottrell -- 11. Phasing out environmentally harmful subsidies worldwide / Anja von Moltke -- 12. Reform of environmentally harmful subsidies : distributional issues / Annegrete Bruvoll and Haakon Vennemo -- 13. The way forward : reforming EHS in the transition to a green economy / Patrick ten Brink, Sirini Withana and Frans Oosterhuis..

Note: Contents: Contents: Foreword by Ed Glaeser ; 1. Introduction ; 2. Urban Economic Performance ; 3. Residential Segregation and People Sorting Within Cities ; 4. Planning for a Housing Crisis: Or the Alchemy by Which We Turn Houses into Gold ; 5. Planning and Economic Performance ; 6. Planning: Reforms that Might Work and Ones that Won’t ; 7. Devolution, City Governance and Economic Performance ; 8. Urban Policies ; 9. Conclusions ; Index

Note: Contents: Preface ; 1. Introduction: It is the Only One We Have ; 2. Planet Accounts ; Part I: Short-term Fluctuations and Demand Management ; 3. Earth’s Business Cycle ; 4. Why I = S and What That Means: The Building Blocks of Macroeconomic Analysis ; 5. Investment, the IS Curve, and Product Market Equilibrium ; 6. What About Government? ; 7. Money Matters! The LM Curve and Money Market Equilibrium ; 8. Eartheconomic Demand and Supply ; 9. Puzzling Disagreements ; Part II: Long Run ; 10. Long-Run Growth ; 11. Development and Change , 12. Limits to Growth? ; Part III: Earth Governance and Global Public Goods ; 13. Global Public Goods ; 14. Global Peers: An Agenda ; References ; Index

Note: 1. Establishing geographies of the super-rich : axes for analysis of abundance / Iain Hay2. Economic wealth and political power in the second Gilded Age / John Rennie Short -- 3. Overseeing the fortunes of the global super-rich : the nature of private wealth management in London's financial district / Jonathan V. Beaverstock, Sarah J.E. Hall and Thomas Wainwright -- 4. 'The world needs a second Switzerland' : onshoring Singapore as the liveable city for the super-rich / Choon-Piew Pow -- 5. 'Super-rich' Irish property developers and the Celtic Tiger economy / Laurence Murphy and Pauline McGuirk -- 6. The homes of the super-rich : multiple residences, hyper-mobility and decoupling of prime residential housing in global cities / Chris Paris -- 7. A study of the dominance of the super-wealthy in London's West End during the nineteenth century / Kathryn Wilkins -- 8. The elite countryside : shifting rural geographies of the transnational super-rich / Michael Woods -- 9. The super-rich, horses and the transformation of the rural landscape in Kentucky / Susan M. Roberts and Richard H. Schein -- 10. The sport of kings, queens, sheikhs and the super-rich : thoroughbred breeding and racing as leisure for the super-rich / Phil McManus -- 11. Making art history -- wealthy private collectors and contemporary visual art / Melanie Fasche -- 12. Islanders, immigrants and millionaires : the dynamics of upper-class segregation in St. Barts, French West Indies / Bruno Cousin and Sébastien Chauvin..

Note: Contents: 1. Agents, institutions, and the political economy of performance ; 2. Career theories of monetary policy ; 3. Careers and inflation in industrial democracies ; 4. Careers and the monetary policy process ; 5. Careers and inflation in developing countries ; 6. The uses of autonomy: what independence really means ; 7. Partisan governments, labor unions, and monetary policy ; 8. The politics of central banker appointment ; 9. The politics of central banker tenure ; 10. Conclusion: the dilemma of discretion.

Note: Machine generated contents note: Preface; 1. Introduction; Part I. Fundamental Concepts: 2. Fundamental concepts and terminology; 3. Modeling and computational simulation; Part II. Code Verification: 4. Software engineering; 5. Code verification; 6. Exact solutions; Part III. Solution Verification: 7. Solution verification; 8. Discretization error; 9. Solution adaptation; Part IV. Model Validation and Prediction: 10. Model validation fundamentals; 11. Design and execution of validation experiments; 12. Model accuracy assessment; 13. Predictive capability; Part V. Planning, Management, and Implementation Issues: 14. Planning and prioritization in modeling and simulation; 15. Maturity assessment of modeling and simulation; 16. Development and responsibilities for verification, validation and uncertainty quantification; Appendix. Programming practices; Index..

Note: Introduction.The role of compliance in an evolving climate regime / Lavanya Rajamani, Jutta Brunnée, and Meinhard Doelle -- The emerging post-Cancun climate regime / Jennifer Morgan -- Promoting compliance with multilateral environmental agreements / Jutta Brunnée -- Compliance regimes in multilateral environmental agreements / Jane Bulmer -- Key features of the Kyoto Protocol's compliance system / René Lefeber and Sebastian Oberthür -- Experience with the facilitative and enforcement branches of the Kyoto compliance system / Meinhard Doelle -- Experiences with Articles 5, 7, and 8 defining the monitoring, reporting and verification system under the Kyoto Protocol / Anke Herold -- The role of non-state actors in climate compliance / Eric Dannenmaier -- Facilitation of compliance / Catherine Redgwell -- Enforcing compliance in an evolving climate regime / Michael Mehling -- Financial mechanisms under the climate regime / Haroldo Machado-Filho -- Post-2012 compliance and carbon markets / Franceso Sindico -- Compliance and the use of trade measures / Jacob Werksman -- 'Comparability of efforts' among developed country parties and the post-2012 compliance system / M.J. Mace -- From the Kyoto Protocol compliance system to MRV : what is at stake for the European Union? / Sandrine Maljean-Dubois and Anne-Sophie Tabau -- Compliance in transition countries / Christina Voigt -- Developing countries and compliance in the climate regime / Lavanya Rajamani -- The role of dispute settlement in the climate regime / Ruth Mackenzie -- Depoliticizing compliance / Geir Ulfstein -- Conclusion.Promoting compliance in an evolving climate regime / Meinhard Doelle, Jutta Brunnée, and Lavanya Rajamani..

Note: Contents: Preface to the Second Edition ; Preface to the First Edition ; Introduction ; Part I: Evolution and Concepts ; 1. Evolution and Concepts ; Appendix to Chapter 1: Definitions and Data Issues ; Part II: Pre-WWII Approaches to International Investment ; Introduction to Part II 2. Marxist Approaches ; 3. Foreign Investment Within the Neoclassical Paradigm ; Part III: Modern Theories ; Introduction to Part III 4. Hymer’s Seminal Work ; 5. The Product Life Cycle and International Production ; 6. Oligopolistic Reactions and the Geographical Pattern of FDI ; 7. Currency Areas and Internationalization ; 8. Internalization and the Transnational Corporation ; 9. Dunning’s Eclectic Framework ; 10. Stages in the Internationalization Process: The Scandinavian School ; 11. Evolutionary Theories of the TNC ; 12. New Trade Theories and the Activities of TNCs ; 13. Transnational Monopoly Capitalism ; 14. Nation-states and TNCs’ Strategic Behaviour ; 15. Resources, Networks and the TNC ; Part IV: Effects ; Introduction to Part IV 16. Boundaries in the Assessment of Effects ; 17. Innovation and the TNCs ; 18. Effects on Labour ; 19. Effects on Trade ; 20. Effects on the Balance of Payments ; Reference ; Index

Note: Contents:PART I THE IMPORTANCE OF IMAGE REGISTRATION FOR REMOTE SENSING. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Influence of image registration on validation efforts. - 3 Survey of image registration methods. - PART II SIMILARITY METRICS FOR IMAGE REGISTRATION. - 4 Fast correlation and phase correlation. - 5 Matched filtering techniques. - 6 Image registration using mutual information. - PART III FEATURE MATCHING AND STRATEGIES FOR IMAGE REGISTRATION. - 7 Registration of multiview images. - 8 New approaches to robust, point-based image registration. - 9 Condition theory for image registration and post-registration error estimation. - 10 Feature-based image to image registration. - 11 On the use of wavelets for image registration. - 12 Gradient descent approaches to image registration. - 13 Bounding the performance of image registration. - PART IV APPLICATIONS AND OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS. - 14 Multitemporal and multisensor image registration. - 15 Georegistration of meteorological images. - 16 Challenges, solutions, and applications of accurate multiangle image registration: lessons learned from MISR. - 17 Automated AVHRR image navigation. - 18 Landsat image geocorrection and registration. - 19 Automatic and precise orthorectification of SPOT images. - 20 Geometry of the VEGETATION sensor. - 21 Accurate MODIS global geolocation through automated ground control image matching. - 22 Sea WiFS operational geolocation assessment system. - PART V CONCLUSION. - 23 Concluding remarks.