Signatur:
ZSP-202-240
In:
Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command, 240
Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis:
A 4-summer hydrologic record from a 1.6 km^2 drainage basin at Barrow, Alaska is analyzed. The watershed, a drained lake basin, is underlain by continuous permafrost within 0.3m of the tundra surface and is covered by ice-wedge polygons and numerous small shallow ponds. Considerable variations from the 20-yr means of summer climate (thaw period 88 days, precipitation 67 mm) are represented in the data: 1963 - cold, extremely wet; 1964 - cold, extremely dry; 1965 - cool, dry; 1966 - cool, wet. Runoff varied greatly from storm to storm, occurring primarily through and over the tundra mat and through an intricate system of polygonal troughs and ponds. As a result of the subdued coastal topography, varying areas (0.3 km^2 to 1.6 km^2) contribute to runoff from different storms. Analyses of hydrographs revealed: 1) lag times generally from 3 to 10 hr; 2) recession constants of about 50 hr, but occasionally as much as 160 hr; and 3) runoff from individual storms between 1 and 70%. About 5% of the thaw season precipitation normally runs off. Comparison of total thaw season precipitation between the U.S. Weather Bureau and a shielded gage located on the watershed indicated no major differences. If "trace" precipitation is considered, only 90% of the actual precipitation may be recorded. Pan evaporation for an average thaw season is about 160 mm and evapotranspiration which is essentially in balance with precipitation is about 60 mm. Conductivity of runoff water varied from 250 [My]mhos during sustained discharge to more than 500 [My]mhos during low flows in dry years. Precipitation chemistry showed no correlation with storm direction. Assuming all winter precipitation runs off, and the data are spatially and temporally representative, about 50% of the measured annual precipitation in this region runs off into the Arctic Ocean.
Materialart:
Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
Seiten:
IV, 18 Seiten
,
Illustrationen
Serie:
Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 240
URL:
https://hdl.handle.net/11681/5946
Sprache:
Englisch
Anmerkung:
CONTENTS: Preface. - Summary. - Introduction. - Regional setting. - Description of watershed. - Climatic record. - Methods. - Precipitation. - Water and air temperatures. - Discharge. - Evaporation and pond levels. - Water chemistry. - Soil thaw. - Results and discussion. - Precipitation. - Runoff. - Evaporation and transpiration. - Water chemistry. - Conclusions. - Literature cited.
Standort:
AWI Archiv
Zweigbibliothek:
AWI Bibliothek
Permalink
