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  • 1
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    Series available for loan
    Moving loads on a floating ice sheet (1970)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-261
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper considers a load moving with a constant velocity across an ice sheet that is floating on water. The ice sheet is assumed to be an isotropic, elastic, thin plate extending to infinity. The water is assumed to be inviscous, incompressible, and of a constant depth. The dynamic equations describing this ice-water system are solved for the steady state solution. Both a concentrated load and a uniform load distributed over a circular area are considered. The velocity which causes resonance is determined. The deflection and stress directly under the load are numerically evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 261
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5325834
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Summer temperatures in interior Alaska (1971)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-244
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Summer temperature data. - Station network and history. - Parameters for data reduction. - Analysis of summer temperatures. - Temperature trends. - Summer temperatures in the highlands. - Lapse rates for summer temperatures. - Spatial variation of summer temperatures. - Summary. - Literature cited. - Appendix A. - Appendix B. - Appendix C. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Annual degree-day summations over bases of 43°F and 50°F in 15-day periods from May through August are given for the period of record for five interior Alaska climatic stations. Average temperature and precipitation data are included. Patterns of summer temperature in interior Alaska are analyzed in terms of historical, elevational and areal differences. Since 1900, summer temperatures show little long-term change but significant short-term changes. In contrast, winter temperatures show considerable fluctuations, which are reflected in mean annual temperatures to a much greater degree than are summer temperature fluctuations. Average summer lapse rates for the 1600 to 3300 and 3300 to 6600-ft levels were 3.4 and 3.7°F/1000 ft, respectively, based on timberline temperature observations and on upper air data from Fairbanks. Correlation analysis of daily and monthly average July temperatures indicates areas of uniformity with respect to temperature variation. This provides information on lowland climatic stations that are representative of highland locations, especially the Yukon-Tanana Uplands
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 37 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 244
    URL: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31210025591825&seq=3
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Internationales Ozonkolloquium und Vergleich von Meßgeräten : Siófok, UVR, 4.5.-25.5.1969 (1971)
    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik bei der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
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    Call number: MOP Per 581(2/16) ; ZSP-319/B-16
    In: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 2, Solarterrestrische Beziehungen und Physik der Atmosphäre, Heft 16
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 87 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0533-7585
    Series Statement: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 2, Solarterrestrische Beziehungen und Physik der Atmosphäre 16
    Language: German , English , Russian
    Note: INHALT: 1) Vorwort. - Vorträge. - 2) Über den gegenwärtigen Stand der Ozonforschung / E. BORBELY. - 3) Über eine elektrochemische Ozonsonde / H. RÖTHIG, D. SONNTAG. - 4) Die Abweichung der Werte des Gesamtgehalts des Ozons,der mit dem Ozonometer M-83 in Luftmassen verschiedenen Verunreinigungsgrades gemessen wurde / E. VENTURA. - 5) Über den aerosolbedingten Fehler der Daten des Gesamtozongehalts der Atmosphäre im Stationsnetz des Hydrometrischen Dienstes der UdSSR / G. P. GUSCHTSCHIN. - 6) Zur Methodik der Einführung der aerosolbedingten Korrektur in die Meßergebnisse des Gesamtozongehalts der Atmosphäre / G. P. GUSCHTSCHIN. - 7) Variationen des totalen Ozongehalts der Atmosphäre im Zusammenhang mit stratosphärischen Erwärmungen / W. HOEBBEL. - 8) Markante Schwankungen der kurzperiodischen Variationen des Gasamtozonbetrages und ihre Beziehungen zur Zirkulation, zu plötzlichen stratosphärischen Erwärmungen und zur Mesosphäre / W. Schwahn. - 9) Screen effect in the Ozonosphere / R. S. Steblova. - 10) Vergleich von Ozonmeßgeräten. - DOBSON-Spectrophotometer. - Universalozonometer M-83. - Spektrometer ISP 22. - 11) Verzeichnis der Tabellen des Meßgerätevergleichs. - 12) Schlußbetrachtung. - Anschriften der Autoren und der Teilnehmer am Meßgerätevergleich. , Beiträge teilweise in deutscher, teilweise in englischer, teilweise in russischer Sprache
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  • 4
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    Physical properties and internal structure of Greenland snow (1970)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-89
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 89
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Experiments were carried out near Thule, Greenland, on the correlation between the physical properties and internal structure of snow. About 150 snow samples obtained to 26 m depth were measured for elastic modulus, air permeability, unconfined compressive strength, static compression and creep. The observed density profile curve deviated from the theoretical curve at a depth of 10 m. and density of 0.52 g/cm^3, a value almost equivalent to the limiting density obtainable by simple mechanical packing. Therefore, further densification must proceed through plastic flow in grains. A similar critical depth was observed in the vertical distribution of Young's modulus. A positive correlation was found between Young's modulus and density, and an inverse correlation between average grain diameter and Young's modulus or density. There were reciprocal correlations between air permeability and density or unconfined compressive strength, and between the number of grains and their average diameters. Kozeny's constant of Greenland snow was obtained from air permeability values and the length of peripheries of cross sections of grains. To demonstrate the change of internal structure of snow due to densification, static compression tests of snow cylinders were conducted, and thin sections of snow texture were compared before and after compression. Creep curves of snow cylinders were analyzed using Nutting's formula and are discussed in connection with change of internal structure. Basal slip, buckling, cell or sub-grain formation, recrystallization and grain boundary migration occurring during plastic deformation of snow texture were observed by static compression of thin section snow under the microscope.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 32 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 89
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/5874
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Nomenclature Introduction Experimental methods Density profile and densification Internal structure in typical samples Average grain size obtained from thin section Two-dimensional porosity, total pore periphery and tortuosity Vertical distribution of Young's modulus Air permeability and its structlU'al dependence Porosity dependence Grain size dependence Kozeny's constant for Greenland snow Correlation between air permeability and tortuosity of grains Unconfined compressive strength Static compression and creep in snow under high stresses Microscopic observation of the change in snow textlU'e under compression Literature cited Abstract
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  • 5
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    Ice fog : low temperature air pollution (1970)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-121
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 121
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Stable pressure systems over interior Alaska, sometimes produce prolonged, extreme (below -40°C) cold spells at the surface. The meteorological conditions responsible for two such cold spells are discussed in detail in Appendix A, where it is shown that the rate of radiative cooling of the air is enhanced by suspended ice crystals which are themselves a result of the initial cooling. Radiation fogs formed during the onset of cold spells are generally of short duration because the air soon becomes desiccated. These fogs consist of supercooled water droplets until the air temperature goes below the "spontaneous freezing point" for water droplets (about -40°C); the fog then becomes an ice crystal fog, or simply "ice fog. " During the cooling cycle water is gradually condensed out of the air until the droplets freeze. At this point there is a sharp, discontinuous decrease in the saturation vapor pressure of the air because it must be reckoned over ice rather than over water. The polluted air over Fairbanks allows droplets to begin freezing at the relatively high temperature of -35°C. Between -35 and -40°C the amount of water vapor condensed by freezing of super cooled water droplets is 3 to 5 times greater than the amount condensed by 1°C of cooling at these temperatures. This results in rapid and widespread formation of ice fog (Appendix B) which persists in the Fairbanks area as long as the cold spell lasts. The persistence of Fairbanks ice fog depends on a continual source of moisture (4.1 x 10^6 kg H20 per day) from human activities within the fog. Ice fog crystals are an order of magnitude smaller than diamond dust or cirrus cloud crystals, which in turn are an order of magnitude smaller than common snow crystals (0.01, 0.1 and 1 to 5 mm respectively). The difference in size are shown to result from the differences in cooling rates over five orders of magnitude. Most of the ice fog crystals have settling rates which are smaller than the upward velocity of air over a city center. The upward air movement is caused by convection cells driven by the 6°C "heat island" over Fairbanks. This causes a reduced precipitation rate which permits the density of ice fog in the center center to be three times greater than that in the outlying areas. The inversions which occur during cold spells over Fairbanks begin at ground level and are among the strongest and most persistent in the world. They are three times stronger than those in the inversion layer over Los Angeles. Thus, the low-lying air over Fairbanks stagnates and becomes effectively decoupled from the atmosphere above, permitting high concentrations all pollutants. The combustion of fuel oil, gasoline and coal provides daily inputs of 4.1 x 10^6 kg CO2, 8.6 x 10^3 kg SO2, and 60, 46 and 20 kg of Pb, Br, and Cl respectively, into a lens-like layer of air resting on the surface with a total volume less than 3 x 10^9 m^3. The air pollution over Fairbanks during cold spells is further worsened, because the mechanisms for cleaning the air are virtually eliminated while all activities which pollute the air are increased.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 118 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 121
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/5972
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Air pollution Types of air pollution Temperature in versions Low temperature air pollution III. Sources of pollution-water Combustion products Cooling water from power plants · Miscellaneous sources IV. Sources of pollution other than water Electrical conductance and particulates Combustion products Summary V. Economic growth and ice fog VI. General physical properties of ice fog Optical properties Cooling rate of exhaust gases Development of a typical ice fog The effect of freezing droplets on the growth rate of ice fog VII. Structure of the polluted air layer Volume Temperature distribution and convection in Fairbanks air VIII. Mass budget of ice fog Ice fog precipitation rates Density of ice fog Ice fog evaporation rates Use of the mass budget equation Summary of the mass budget IX. Air pollution aspects of ice fog Air pollution Remedial action Ice fog probability Literature cited Appendix A. :The effect of suspended ice crystals on radiative cooling Appendix B. Nucleation and freezing of supercooled water droplets Abstract
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  • 6
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    Detecting structural heat losses with mobile infrared thermography; Part I: Description of technique (1974)
    Hanover, N.H. : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-326
    In: Detecting structural heat losses with mobile infrared thermography / R.H. Munis, S.J. Marshall and M.A. Bush, Part I
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command, 326
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - Principle of the IR scanner. - Advantages of mobile infrared thermography. - Discussion of field measurements. - Recommendations for future work on thermography of buildings. - Other potential applications of infrared thermography of buildings. - Appendix A: Thermograms of northern exposure of USA CRREL building. - Appendix B: Sample thermograms of heat loss survey at Pease Air Force Base. -Appendix C: Sample thermograms of heat loss survey at Dartmouth College. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: A method to assess quickly the insulation effectiveness of buildings using mobile infrared thermography has been developed at USA CRREL. In contrast to the infrared thermography done in Sweden, this method concentrates on obtaining useful data by measuring the outside surface temperature of structures. This report outlines the basic principles involved in these measurements, and discusses field measurements and the inherent advantages of infrared thermography. Typical thermograms are presented in the appendixes.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 326
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/831686783
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Internal friction of single-crystal ice (1973)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-243
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command, 243
    Description / Table of Contents: The internal friction of single-crystal ice has been attributed to reorientation of the water molecule under periodic stress. However, the theory for damped dislocations, which offers another mechanism for the internal friction of ice, has not been investigated. The effects of scratching the surface of 41 ice samples and X-irradiating and plastically deforming them were evaluated. The effects observed on the internal friction of pure, single-crystal ice, in the flexure mode of oscillation between 400 and 1400 Hz, supported the existence of a dislocation-controlled mechanism, with the drag produced by the interaction of the dislocation with the protons in the crystal. In addition, analysis of the detailed shape of the data curve showed two peaks of tan delta as a function of temperature. The second peak, which had not been previously reported, had an activation energy of 0.16 eV and a relaxation time of 1.7 x 10^8 sec at infinite temperature. These experiments indicated that both peaks vrere controlled by the dislocation mechanism described above.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 41 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 243
    URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11681/5931
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Previous work. - Previous theory. - Internal friction of a crystal. - Granato-Lücke theory of dislocation damping. - Double kink mechanism. - Mechanisms not involving dislocations. - Experimental work. - Experimental approach. - Experimental apparatus. - Mode of oscillation. - Automated system. - Support, acoustic isolation, and temperature control. - Sample preparation. - X-ray apparatus. - Data analysis. - Stage I. - Stage II. - Stage III. - Experimental results and discussion. - The second peak. - Interpretation of scratching, X-irradiation, and plastic deformation. - Scratching. - X-irradiation. - Plastic deformation. - Supporting research. - Interpretation of the two peaks. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Computer programs. - Abstract.
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  • 8
    Monograph non-lending collection
    Monograph non-lending collection
    Résultats et données tabulées (1970)
    Bruxelles
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    Call number: AWI PY-12903
    In: Expédition Antarctique Belge 1957-1958 : Résultats scientifiques ; Vol. 3, Fasc. 2, Vol. 3, Fasc. 2
    Type of Medium: Monograph non-lending collection
    Pages: 77 S , überw. graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Expédition Antarctique Belge 1957-1958 : résultats sientifiques ; Vol. 3, Fasc. 2
    Language: French
    Note: Table des Matières: Introduction. - 1. Description des anomalies constatées et corrections à utiliser pour le dépouillement. - Résumé des charactéristiques générales de la station du géomagnétisme de la base "Roi Baudouin". - Appendix. - Bibliographie. - 2. Résultats des observations géomagnétique tabulés. - Déclinaison D. - Composante horizontale H. - Composante verticale Z. - Lignes de base. - Activité géomagnétique. - Indices K et C. - Indices Q. - Les 5 jours calmes et les 5 jours perturbés du mois.
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