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  • 1
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Detection of cavities under concrete pavement (1983)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-83/18
    In: CRREL Report, 83-18
    Description / Table of Contents: An evaluation of an impulse radar system for detecting cavities under concrete pavement is discussed, and field results are presented. It was found that a dual antenna mode of surveying was ideal for void detection. In this mode one antenna operated in a transceive mode and a second, offset from the first, operated in a receive-only mode. This arrangement allowed a refraction-type profile survey to be performed, which enabled subpavement voids to be easily detected. Field trails were held at Plattsburgh Air Force Base, where 28 cavities were detected and mapped. Drilling of holes verified that a cavity existed and allowed cavity depth to be measured. The cavities varied from 1.5 in. to 23 in, depth and were up to 20 ft. long.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 49 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-18
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/7120/rec/1
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9301
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA131851
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Plattsburgh Air Force Base Radar sounding system Survey procedure Cavity inspection Radar cavity detection test Radar profile results Falling-weight deflectometer tests Discussion and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 2
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    Series available for loan
    Computer models for two-dimensional transient heat conduction (1983)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-83/12
    In: CRREL Report, 83-12
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper documents the development and verification of two finite difference models that solve the general two-dimensional form of the heat conduction equation, using the alternative-direction implicit method. Both can handle convective, constant flux, specified temperature and semi-infinite boundaries. The conducting medium may be composed of many materials. The first program, ADI, solves for the case where no change of state occurs. ADIPC solves for case where a freeze/thaw change of phase may occur, using the apparent heat capacity method. Both models are verified by comparison to analytical results.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 74 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-12
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA134893
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9334
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Finite differences applied to heat transfer Heat conduction equation Boundary conditions Phase change Computer program ADDATA, the data subroutine TRIDIG, the matrix solver ISOTHM, the isotherm finider ADI, main program ADEPC, main program Verification of ADI Comparison of ADI with analytical results Comparison of ADI with experimental results Verification of ADIPC Comparison of ADIPC with analytical results-the Neumann solution Comparison of ADIPC with analytical results-two-dimensional phase change verification User instruction for ADI User instruction for ADIPC Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Program INFSUM and sample input and output for program ADI Appendix B. Program ADIPC and sample input and output
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  • 3
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    Series available for loan
    National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR : I. Record of activities (past and ongoing) April 1983-October 1984 ; II. Planned activities October 1984-October 1985 (1984)
    Bremerhaven : Federal Republic of Germany, National Commitee on Antarctic Research
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-SCAR-570-6
    In: Antarctic Research Report to SCAR, No. 6
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 38 Seiten
    ISSN: 0179-0072
    Series Statement: National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR 6
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 83-October 84. - II. Planned Activities, October 84-October 85. - References.
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  • 4
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    Series available for loan
    National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR : I. Record of activities (past and ongoing) April 1982-October 1983 ; II. Planned activities October 1983-October 1984 (1983)
    Bremerhaven : Federal Republic of Germany, National Commitee on Antarctic Research
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    Call number: ZSP-SCAR-570-5
    In: National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR, No. 5
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 35 Seiten
    ISSN: 0179-0072
    Series Statement: National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR 5
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 82-October 83. - II. Planned Activities, October 83-October 84. - References.
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  • 5
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    Series available for loan
    Ice sheet retention structures (1983)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-83/30
    In: CRREL Report, 83-30
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice sheets are formed and retained in several ways in nature, and an understanding of these factors is needed before most structures can be successfully applied. Many ice sheet retention structures float and are somewhat flexible; others are fixed and rigid or semirigid. An example of the former is the Lake Erie ice boom and of the latter, the Montreal ice control structure. Ice sheet retention technology is changing. The use of timber cribs is gradually but not totally giving way to sheet steel pilings and concrete cells. New structures and applications are being tried but with caution. Ice-hydraulic analyses are helpful in predicting the effects of structures and channel modifications on ice cover formation and retention. Often, varying the flow rate in a particular system at the proper time will make the difference between whether a structure will or will not retain ice. The structure, however, invariably adds reliability to the sheet ice retention process.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 39 Seiten , Illustrationen , 1 Beilage
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-30
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA138030
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9289
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Natural ice sheets Choosing an ice control structure Flexible structures Ice booms Frazil collector lines Fence booms Rigid or semirigid structures Pier-mounted booms Stone groins Artificial islands Removable gravity structures Timber cribs Weirs Pilings and dolphins Structures built for other purposes Hydroelectric dams Wicket dams Light piers and towers Bridge piers Breakwaters Ice control not using Structures Channel improvements Ice sheet tying Ice sheet bridges Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Ice control structure
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  • 6
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    Series available for loan
    Erosion of perennially frozen streambanks (1983)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-83/29
    In: CRREL Report, 83-29
    Description / Table of Contents: A literature review indicated that the effects or permafrost on streambank erodibility and stability are not yet understood because systematic and quantitative measurements are seriously lacking. Consequently, general controversy exists as to whether perennially frozen ground inhibits lateral erosion and bankline recession, or whether it increases bank recession rates. Perennially frozen streambanks erode because of modification of the bank's thermal regime by exposure to air and water, and because of various erosional processes. Factors that determine rates and locations of erosion include physical, thermal and structural properties of bank sediments, stream hydraulics and climate. Thermal and physical modification of streambanks may also induce accelerated erosion within permafrost terrain removed from the immediate river environment. Bankline or bluffline recession rates are highly variable, ranging from less than 1 m/year to over 30 m/year and, exceptionally, to over 60 m/year. Long-term observations of the physical and thermal erosion processes and systematic ground surveys and measurements of bankline-bluffline recession rates are needed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-29
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA138410
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9290
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Stream bank erosional processes Permafrost and related factors Permafrost and erosion General Erosional processes Bank zone processes Bluff zone processes Factors affecting perm afrost erodibility Exposure to currents and wind waves Texture and stratigraphy Ice content, distribution and type Slope aspect Coriolis force Timing and depth of thaw Water level and temperature Vegetation Ice and snow cover Groundwater Rates and timing of erosion and recession Overall effects of permafrost Recommendations for research Literature cited Appendix A : Processes of stream bank modifications
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  • 7
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    Series available for loan
    Mechanics of ice jam formation in rivers (1983)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-83/31
    In: CRREL Report, 83-31
    Description / Table of Contents: A mathematical model is described that is used to determine the maximum ice conveyance capacity of a river channel. Based upon this model, computer programs were developed that enable the ice discharge to be calculated for steady-state flow conditions. For rivers that have uniform flow, the maximum ice-conveying capacity can be described with a simple function expressed in terms of the size of the ice fragments, channel geometry, and the flow of water in the river. For nonuniform flows, the computer program determines the elevation profile of the surface layer in addition to other flow characteristics, such as the velocity and surface concentration of the ice fragments. The location along this surface profile where the ice conveyance capacity becomes less than the upstream supply is determined and is considered to be the position where a surface ice jam or ice bridge will be formed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-31
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a138371.pdf
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9292
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Constitutive relationships Equations of motion Uniform flow Nonuniform flow Ice transport: Uniform flow Symmetric channel Asymmetric channel Ice transport: Nonuniform flow Further considerations Basis for model improvement Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 8
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    Series available for loan
    Ice force measurements on a bridge pier in the Ottauquechee River, Vermont (1983)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-83/32
    In: CRREL Report, 83-32
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice forces on a bridge pier in the Ottauquechee River, in Quechee, Vermont, were measured by installing fourpanels-each capable of measuring forces in the normal and tangential direction - on both sides of a vertical V-shaped pier nose. The measured forces are presented for a short period during an ice run. After the ice run, the thickness and sizes of the ice floes were measured and the compressive strength of the ice was determined in the laboratory from the ice samples collected along the river banks. The water level measurements made at several locations along theriver are also presented for the period of the ice run.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 8 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-32
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA139425
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9291
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Series available for loan
    Model tests on two models of WTGB 140-foot icebreaker (1984)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-84/3
    In: CRREL Report, 84-3
    Description / Table of Contents: The results of resistance tests in level ice and broken ice channels are presented for two models of the WTGB 140-fticebreaker at scales of 1:10 and 1:24, respectively. No scale effect on the resistance in level ice could be detected between the two models. From the test results an empirical predictor equation for the full scale ice resistance is derived. Predicted resistance is compared against, and found to be 25 to 40% larger than, available full-scale values estimated from thrust measurements during full-scale trials of the Great Lakes icebreaker Katmai Bay.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 25 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-3
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a139882.pdf
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9288
    Language: English
    Note: COTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Model characteristics and test conditions Ice-hull coefficient of friction Measurements of ice properties Experimental procedures Data acquisition system Test program and procedures for 1:10 model Test program and procedures for 1:24 model Analysis of test results Comparison of test results between 1:10 and 1:24 models Analysis of tests in broken or brash-filled ice channels Analysis of tests in level ice Full-scale prediction of level ice resistance Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 10
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    Electromagnetic properties of sea ice (1984)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-84/2
    In: CRREL Report, 84-2
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations of the in situ complex dielectric constant of sea ice were made using time-domain spectroscopy. It was found that (1) for sea ice with a preferred horizontal crystal c-axis alignment, the anisotropy of polarizing properties of the ice increased with depth, (2) brine inclusion conductivity increased with decreasing temperature down to about -8 C, at which point the conductivity decreased with decreasing temperature, (3) the DC conductivity of sea ice increased with increasing brine volume, (4) the real part of the complex dielectric constant is strongly dependent upon brine volume but less dependent upon the brine inclusion orientation, (5) the imaginary part of the complex dielectric constant was strongly dependent upon brine inclusion orientation but much less dependent upon brine volume. Because the electromagnetic (EM) properties of sea ice are dependent upon the physical state of the ice, which is continually changing, it appears that only trends in the relationships between the EM properties of natural sea ice and its brine volume and brine inclusion microstructure can be established.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 38 Seiten , Illustrationen , 1 Beilage
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-2
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA140330
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9287
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Dielectric properties of sea ice Time-domain spectroscopy measurement Laboratory measurements Field measurements Analysis of ladder data Conductivity of brine and sea ice Complex dielectric constant of brine and sea ice Discussion and conclusions Literature cited
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