ALBERT

Note: Inhalt VORWORT 1 FORM UND VERFÜGBARKEIT DER DATEN 1.1 Einheiten 1.1.1 Basisgrößen und abgeleitete Einheiten 1.1.2 Umrechnungen 1.2 Analysenumfang 1.2.1 Allgemeine Beschaffenheitsuntersuchungen des Grundwassers 1.2.2 Trinkwasseruntersuchung 1.2.3 Mineralwasseruntersuchung 1.2.4 Heilwasseruntersuchungen 1.2.5 Untersuchungen bei Baumaßnahmen 1.2.6 Untersuchungen von Grundwasserverunreinigungen 1.3 Genauigkeitsanforderungen 2 GRAPHISCHE AUSWERTUNGEN 2.1 Einzeldiagramme 2.1.1 Säulendiagramme 2.1.1.1 Einfaches Säulendiagramm 2.1.1.2 Doppeltes Säulendiagramm 2.1.1.3 Logarithmisches Säulendiagramm nach PREUL 2.1.2 Kreisdiagramme 2.1.2.1 Kreisdiagramm nach CARLE 2.1.2.2 Kreisdiagramm nach UDLUFT 2.1.3 Strahlendiagramme 2.1.3.1 Strahlendiagramm nach TICKEL 2.1.3.2 Strahlendiagramm nach STIFF 2.1.3.3 Strahlendiagramm nach DALMADY 2.1.3.4 Strahlendiagramm nach GIRARD 2.1.3.5 Strahlendiagramm nach MAUCHA 2.2 Sammeldiagramme 2.2.1 Dreieckdiagramme 2.2.1.1 Einzeldiagramme für Ionen 2.2.1.2 Dreieckdiagramm für Kationen und Anionen 2.2.1.3 Härtediagramm 2.2.2 Viereckdiagramme 2.2.2.1 Kationen-Anionen-Viereckdiagramm 2.2.2.2 Fünfstoffdarstellung nach KÄSS 2.2.3 Kombinations-Diagramme 2.2.3.1 PIPER-Diagramm 2.2.3.2 Kombinationsdiagramm nach SCHWILLE 2.2.3.3 SCHOELLER-Diagramm 3 TYPISIERUNG 3.1 Gegenseitige funktionale Beziehungen von Ionen oder Ionengruppen 3.1.1 Ionenverhältnisse 3.2 Hydrogeochemische Typisierung 3.2.1 Typisierung nach einem Parameter 3.2.2 Typisierung nach FURTAK & LANGGUTH 3.2.3 Mineral- und Heilwässer 3.2.3.1 Modifiziertes Dreieckdiagramm für Heilwassertypisierung 3.2.4 Gesteinsbezogene Typisierung 4 STATISTISCHE AUSWERTUNGEN 4.1 Häufigkeitsverteilung einzelner Parameter 4.1.1 Graphische Häufigkeitsverteilung 4.1.2 Maßzahlen der Häufigkeitsverteilung 4.1.2.1 Mittelwertbildung 4.1.2.2 Streuungsparameter 4.1.2.3 Schiefe und Steilheit 4.1.2.4 Normalverteilung 4.2 Prüfung und Vergleich von Stichproben 4.2.1 Vertrauensintervalle 4.2.1.1 Vertrauensintervalle für Mittelwerte 4.2.1.2 Vertrauensintervalle für Varianzen 4.2.2 Testverfahren 4.2.2.1 Der t-Test 4.2.2.2 Der F-Test 4.2.2.3 Der Chi-Quadrat-Test 4.3 Beziehungen zwischen verschiedenen Parametern 4.3.1 Korrelationsanalyse 4.3.2 Regressionsanalyse 4.4 Räumliche und zeitliche Veränderung der Grundwasserbeschaffenheit 4.4.1 Ganglinien 4.4.2 Interpolative Darstellungen 4.4.2.1 Gleichenkarten für einzelne Parameter 4.4.2.2 Gleichenkarten von Ionenverhältnissen und hydrochemische Schnitte 4.4.3 Statistische Darstellungsverfahren 4.4.3.1 Variogramme 4.4.3.2 Gleitender Mittelwert, Krigeage 4.4.3.3 Zeitreihenanalyse 4.5 Multivariate Klassifikationen 4.5.1 Clusteranalyse 4.5.2 Diskriminanzanalyse 4.5.3 Faktorenanalyse 5 CHEMISCHE GLEICHGEWICHTSBERECHNUNGEN 5.1 Berechnung und/oder Definition einzelner Basisgrößen 5.1.1 Berechnung des Sättigungszustandes des Wassers 5.1.2 Gleichgewichtskonstanten insbesondere Löslichkeitsprodukte 5.1.3 Aktivitäten und Aktivitätskoeffizienten 5.1.4 Ionenpaar und/oder Komplexbindung 5.2 Einfache Löslichkeitsprodukt-Berechnungen 5.3 Chemisch-thermodynamische Computermodelle 5.3.1 Computermodelle der WATEQ-Serie 6 BEISPIELE FÜR DIE ANWENDUNG VON PC-STANDARD-SOFTWARE BEI BESCHAFFENHEITSDATEN 6.1 Formblätter, Umrechnungen, Ionenbilanz 6.2 Einfache graphische Auswertungen SCHRIFTTUM Verwendete Fachbegriffe (deutsch - englisch, englisch - deutsch) Verwendete Formelzeichen

Note: Contents Foreword xi OPENING ADDRESSES Professor G.O.P. Obasi, Secretary General, World Meteorological Organization Dr M.K. Tolba, Executive Director, United Nations Environment Programme Dr F. Mayor, Director General, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Professor M.G.K. Menon, President, International Council of Scientific Unions Dr H. de Haen, Assistant Director General, Food and Agriculture Organization SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SESSIONS HIGHLIGHTS OF THE IPCC ASSESSMENT The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) / B. Bolin Scientific Assessment of Climate Change: Summary of the IPCC Working Group I Report / J.T. Houghton Greenhouse Gases and Other Climate Forcing Agents / U. Siegenthaler and E. Sanhueza Climate Change Prediction / J. F. B. Mitchell and Zeng Qingcun Climate Trends and Variability / M. Coughian and B.S. Nyenzi Climate Change Impact Studies: The IPCC Working Group II Report / Yu. Izrael Impacts on Hydrology and Water Resources / H.E. Lins, I.A. Shiklomanov and E.Z. Stakhiv Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture, A Critical Assessment / S.K. Sinha Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Human Settlements, the Energy, Transport and Industrial Sectors; Human Health and Air Quality / M. Hashimoto and S. Nishioka The Response Strategies Working Group of the IPCC / F. Bernthal The Greenhouse Marathon: Proposal for a Global Strategy / P. Vellinga and R.J. Swart Adaptation Measures / K.M. Sarma Limitation Strategies / K. Yokobori Report of the IPCC Special Committee on the Participation of Developing Countries / J. Ripert OVERVIEW OF THE WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME The World Climate Programme: Achievements and Challenges / J.P, Bruce Modern Data and Applications: World Climate Data Programme, World Climate Applications Programme / V.G. Boldirev Overview of the World Climate Research Programme / P. Morel World Climate Impact Studies Programme / J.C.I. Dooge CLIMATE RESEARCH Global Climate, Energy and Water Cycle / G.A. McBean Remote Sensing and Global Climate Change: Water Cycle and Energy Budget / H. Grassl World Ocean Circulation and Climate Change: Research Programmes and a Global Observing System / D.J. Baker Short Term Climate Variability and Predictions / J. Shukia Paleodata, Paleoclimates and the Greenhouse Effect / H. Oeschger Climate Prediction Based on Past and Current Analogues / M.I. Budyko Detection of the Enhanced Greenhouse Effect on Climate / T.M.L. Wigley and S.C.B. Raper CLIMATE CHANGE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Water Climate, Water and Development / J. Sircoulon Drought Issues for the 1990s / M.H. Glantz and W. Degefu Agriculture and Food Agriculture and Food Systems / M.S. Swaminathan The Potential Effect of Climate Changes on Agriculture / M. Parry and Zhang Jiachen Oceans, Fisheries and Coastal Zones Effects of Global Climatic Change on Marine Ecosystems and Fisheries / T. Kawasaki Sea Level Rise and Coastal Zone Management / E.M. Eid and C.H. Huisbergen Energy Beginning to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions need not be Expensive: Examples from the Energy Sector / E. Mills, D. Wilson and TB. Johansson Land Use and Urban Planning Climate and Land Use in North Africa / M. Kassas Climate and Urban Planning / R. Taesler Human Dimensions Human Well-being, Diseases and Climate / W.H. Weihe and R. Mertens Population and Global Climate Change / D. Norse Public Information and Attitudes / R. Lamb Environment and Development Climate, Environment and Ecology / W.H. Schlesinger Climate, Tropical Ecosystems and the Survivability of Species / P. Olindo Some Possible Impacts of Climate Change on African Ecosystems / C.H.D. Magadza Forests Forests: Their Role in Global Change, with Special Reference to the Brazilian Amazon / E. Salati, R.L. Victoria, L.A. Martinelli and J. E. Richey Integrated Studies Climate Change and Risk Management / K. Turner, T. ORiordan and R. Kemp Climate, Climate Change, and the Economy / N.S. Jodha and W.J. Maunder Assessing the Regional Implications of Climate Variability and Change / W.E. Riebsame and A. Magalhaes SPECIAL PRESENTATION Climate Change and the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development / M.F. Strong TASK GROUPS AND CONSULTATION GROUP REPORTS Task Group I Climate, Hydrology and Water Resources Task Group 2 Agriculture and Food Task Group 3 Oceans, Fisheries and Coastal Zones Task Group 4 Energy Task Group 5 Land Use and Urban Planning Task Group 6 Human Dimensions of Climate Change Task Group 7 Environment and Development Task Group 8 Forests Task Group 9 WCP Overview Task Group 10 The World Climate Programme: Overview and Future Task Group 11 Scientific Components of International Agreements Task Group 12 Synthesis Consultation Group on the Special Needs of Developing Countries SUMMARIES OF PANEL DISCUSSIONS Global Climate Analogues and Global Climate Models Climate and Environmentally Sustainable Economic Development Industry's Response Co-operation in International Research Programmes CONFERENCE STATEMENT MINISTERIAL SESSIONS OPENING CEREMONY Introduction by Prof. G.O.P. Obasi, Secretary General, WMO H.E. Mr. Arnold Koller, President of the Swiss Confederation His Majesty King Hussein Bin Talal, of the Royal Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan The Rt. Hon. Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland H.E. Mr. Michel Rocard, Prime Minister of France The Rt. Hon. Edward Fenech-Adami, Prime Minister of Malta The Rt. Hon. Bikenibeu Paeniu, Prime Minister of Tuvalu Statement by Dr. E. Saouma, Director General, FAO CLOSING CEREMONY Statement by Dr. F. Mayor, Director General, UNESCO MINISTERIAL DECLARATION Appendix 1 SWCC Inter-Agency Committees Appendix 2 Poster Session Papers Appendix 3 Statement by Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations Appendix 4 Participants at the Scientific/Technical Sessions Appendix 5 Countries and Organizations Represented at the Ministerial Sessions Appendix 6 Participating Non-Governmental Organizations Appendix 7 Acronyms Appendix 8 Units

Note: Arrangement of Volume III: Part VIII Germany. - Part IX Federal Republic of Germany. - Part X Japan. - Part XI New Zealand. - Part XII Norway. - Part XIII Peru. - Part XIV Poland. - Part XV South Africa. - Part XVI Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. - Part XVII United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. - Part XVIII United States of America. - Part XIX Uruguay.

Note: In kyrill. Schr.

Note: Inhalt: Familie Achnanthaceae Kützing. - 1. Achnanthes Bory [Lange-Bertalot]. - 1. Untergattung Achnanthes Bory. - 2. Untergattung Achnanthidium (Kützing) Hustedt. - 2. Cocconeis Ehrenberg [Krammer]. - Nachträge zu Bacillariophyceae Teil 2/1. - Nachtrag I, Navicula [Lange-Bertalot]. - Nachtrag II, Gomphonema [Lange-Bertalot]. - Literaturverzeichnis. - Tafeln 1-88. - Namenverzeichnis.

Note: Inhalt: I. Allgemeiner Teil. - 1. Terminologie. - II. Spezieller Teil. - A. Ordnung Centrales. - 1. Melosira Agardh [Krammer]. - 2. Orthoseira Thwaites [Krammer]. - 3. Ellerbeckia Crawford [Krammer]. - 4. Aulacoseira Thwaites [Krammer]. - 5. Cyclotella (Kützing) Brébisson [Håkansson]. - 6. Cyclostephanos Round [Håkansson]. - 7. Stephanodiscus Ehrenberg [Håkansson]. - 8. Thalassiosira Cleve [Håkansson]. - 9. Stephanocostis Genkai & Kuzmin [Håkansson]. - 10. Skeletonema Greville [Krammer]. - 11. Acanthoceras Honigmann [Krammer]. - 12. Chaetoceros Ehrenberg [Krammer]. - 13. Rhizosolenia Ehrenberg [Krammer]. - 14. Pleurosira (Meneghini) Trevisan [Krammer]. - 15. Actinocyclus Ehrenberg [Krammer]. - B. Ordnung Pennales. - Familie Fragilariaceae Hustedt. - 1. Tetracyclus Ralfs [Krammer]. - 2. Diatoma Bory [Krammer]. - 3. Meridion Agardh [Krammer]. - 4. Asterionella Hassall [Krammer]. - 5. Tabellaria Ehrenberg [Lange-Bertalot]. - 6. Synedra Ehrenberg [Lange-Bertalot]. - 7. Fragilaria Lyngbye [Lange-Bertalot]. - 1. Untergattung Fragilarias ensu Lange-Bertalot. - 2. Untergattung Alterasynedra Lange-Bertalot. - 3. Untergattung Ctenophora (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot. - 4. Untergattung Tabularia (Kützing) Lange-Bertalot. - 5. Untergattung Staurosira (Ehrenberg) Lange-Bertalot. - 8. Opephora Petit [Lange-Bertalot]. - 9. Hannaea Patrick [Lange-Bertalot]. - 10. Centronella Voigt [Lange-Bertalot]. - Familie Eunotiaceae Kützing [Lange-Bertalot unter Mitarb. v. Nörpel]. - 1. Eunotia Ehrenberg. - 2. Actinella Lewis. - 3. Peronia Brébisson & Arnott. - Tafeln 1-166. - Namenverzeichnis.

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. - PREFACE. - INTRODUCTION. - SYMBOLS AND NOTATION. - PART I. FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS AND MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY OF ICE. - 1.General Concepts. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Equations of Balance. - 3. Material Response. - (a) General constitutive relations, simple materials. - (b) The rule of material objectivity. - (c) Material symmetry. - (d) Constitutive response for isotropie bodies. - (e) Materials with bounded memory-some constitutive representations. - (f) Incompressibility. - (g) Some representations of isotropic functions. - 4. The Entropy Principle. - (a) The viscous heat-conducting compressible fluid. - (b) The viscous heat-conducting incompressible fluid. - (c) Pressure and extra stress as independent variables. - (d) Thermoelastic solid. - (e) Final remarks. - 5. Phase Changes. - (a) Phase changes for a viscous compressible heat-conducting fluid. - (b) Phase changes for a viscous incompressible heat-conducting fluid. - References. - 2. A Brief Summary of Constitutive Relations for Ice. - 1. Preliminary Remarks. - 2. The Mechanical Properties of Hexagonal Ice. - (a) The crystal structure of ordinary ice. - (b) The elastic behavior of hexagonal ice. - (c) The inelastic behavior of single-crystal ice. - 3. The Mechanical Properties of Polycrystalline Ice. - (a) The elastic behavior of polycrystalline ice. - (b) Linear viscoelastic properties of polycrystalline ice. - (α) General theory. - (β) Experimental results. - (c) Non-linear viscous deformation and creep. - (α) Results of creep tests. - (β) Generalization to a three-dimensional flow law. - (γ) Other flow laws. - 4. The Mechanical Properties of Sea Ice. - (a) The phase diagram of standard sea ice and its brine conten. - (b) Elastic properties. - (c) Other material properties. - References. - PART II. THE DEFORMATION OF AN ICE MASS UNDER ITS OWN WEIGHT. - 3. A Mathematical Ice-flow Model and its Application to Parallel-sided Ice Slabs. - 1. Motivation and Physical Description. - 2. The Basic Model - Its Field Equations and Boundary Conditions. - (a) The field equations. - (α) Cold ice region. - (β) Temperate ice region. - (b) Boundary conditions. - (α) At the free surface. - (β) Along the ice-water interface. - (γ) Along the bedrock surface. - (δ) Along the melting surface. - 3. The Response of a Parallel-sided Ice Slab to Steady Conditions. - (a) Dimensionless forms of the field equations. - (b) Parallel-sided ice slab, a first approximation to glacier and ice-shelf flow dynamics. - (α) Velocity and temperature fields x-independent. - (β) Extending and compressing flow. - (γ) Floating ice shelves 4. Concluding Remark. - References. - 4. Thermo-mechanical Response of Nearly Parallel-sided Ice Slabs Sliding over their Bed. - 1. Motivation. - 2. The Basic Boundary-value Problem and its Reduction to Linear Form. - 3. The Solution of the Boundary-value Problems. - (a) Zeroth-order problem. - (b) First-order problem. - (α) Harmonic perturbation from uniform flow for a zero accumulation rate. - (β) Analytic solution for a Newtonian fluid. - (γ) Numerical solution for non-linear rheology. - (δ) Effect of a steady accumulation rate. - (ε) A historical note on a previous approach. - (η) The first-order temperature problem. - (c) Numerical results for steady state. - (α) Transfer of bottom protuberances to the surface. - (β) Basal stresses. - (γ) Surface velocities. - (δ) Effect of a steady accumulation rate. - 4. Remarks on Response to a Time-dependent Accumulation Rate. - 5. Surface-wave Stability Analysis. - (a) The eigenvalue problem. - (b) Discussion of results. - 6. Final Remarks. - References. - 5. The Application of the Shallow-ice Approximation. - 1. Background and Previous Work. - 2. Derivation of the Basal Shear-stress Formula by Integrating the Momentum Equations over Ice Thickness. - (a) Derivation. - (b) The use of the basal shear-stress formula in applied glaciology. - 3. Solution of the Ice-flow Problem using the Shallow-ice Approximation. - (a) Governing equations. - (b) Shallow-ice approximation. - (c) Construction of the perturbation solution. - (d) Results. - (e) Temperature field. - 4. Theoretical Steady-state Profiles. - (a) Earlier theories and their limitations. - (b) Surface profiles determined by using the shallow-ice approximation. - 5. An Alternative Scaling - a Proper Analysis of Dynamics of Ice Sheets with Ice Divides. - (a) Finite-bed inclination. - (b) Small-bed inclination. - (c) Illustrations. - References. - 6. The Response of a Glacier or an Ice Sheet to Seasonal and Climatic Changes. - 1. Statement of the Problem. - 2. Development of the Kinematic Wave Theory. - (a) Full non-linear theory. - (b) Perturbation expansion-linear theory. - (c) An estimate for the coefficients C and D. - (d) Boundary and initial conditions. - 3. Theoretical Solutions for a Model Glacier. - (a) Solutions neglecting diffusion. - (b) Theoretical solutions for a diffusive model. - (α) Coefficient functions for the special model. - (β) Solution for a step function. - (γ) General solution for uniform accumulation rate. - (δ) The inverse problem - calculation of climate from variations of the snout. - 4. General Treatment for an Arbitrary Valley Glacier. - (a) Fourier analysis in time. - (α) Low-frequency response. - (β) High-frequency response. - (γ) Use of the results. - (b) Direct integration methods. - 5. Derivation of the Surface-wave Equation from First Principles Non-linear Theory. - (a) Surface waves in the shallow-ice approximation. - (α) Integration by the methods of characteristics. - (β) An illustrative example. - (γ) A remark on linearization. - (δ) Effects of diffusion. - (b) Remarks regarding time-dependent surface profiles in ice sheets. - (c) Long waves in an infinite ice slab - Is accounting for diffusion enough?. - (α) Basic equations. - (β) Construction of perturbation solutions. - (γ) Numerical results. - 6. Concluding Remarks. - References. - 7. Three-dimensional and Local Flow Effects in Glaciers and Ice Sheets. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Effect of Valley Sides on the Motion of a Glacier. - (a) Solutions in special cases. - (α) Exact solutions for the limiting cases. - (β) Solution for a slightly off-circular channel. - (γ) A note on very deep and wide channels. - (b) A useful result for symmetrical channels with no boundary slip. - (c) Numerical solution - discussion of results. - 3. Three-dimensional Flow Effects in Ice Sheets. - (a) Basic equations. - (b) Decoupling of the stress-velocity problem from the problem of surface profile. - (c) The equation describing the surface geometry. - (d) The margin conditions. - 4. Variational Principles. - (a) Fundamental variational theorem. - (b) Variational principle for velocities. - (c) Reciprocal variational theorem. - (d) Maximum and minimum principles. - (e) Adoption of the variational principles to ice problems. - 5. Discussion of Some Finite-element Solutions. - References. - Appendix: Detailed Calculations Pertaining to Higher-order Stresses in the Shallow-ice Approximation. - AUTHOR INDEX. - SUBJECT INDEX.

Note: CONTENS: 1. lntroduction. - 2. Location of the Polish Polar Station at Hornsund. - 3. The principal climatic parameters. - 3.1. Duralion of day and night. - 3.2. Potential insolation. - 3.3. Changes in the sea ice area and the surface temperatures of surrounding seas. - 3.3.1. Sea surface temperature. - 3.3.2. Sea ice cover. - 3.3.3. Factcrs influencing changes of SST and ice cover in the region of Spitsbergen. - 4. The atmospheric circulation. - 4.1. The mean baric field. - 4.2. The frequency of occurrence of the circulation types. - 4.3. Index of zonal circulation - western (W). - 4.4. Index of meridional circulation - southern (S). - 4.5. Index of cyclonicity (C). - 5. The atmospheric pressure. - 5.1. The annual course. - 5.2. Extreme values and interdiurnal variability. - 6. The winds. - 6.1. The structure of wind directions. - 6.2. Wind speeds. - 6.3. The associations between wind directions and speeds. - 7. Cloudiness and sunshine duration. - 7.1. Cloudiness. - 7.2. Clear and cloudy days. - 7.3. Types of clouds, manifestations of local climatic features in the cloudiness. - 7.4. Sunshine duration. - 8. Solar radiation. - 9. Air temperature. - 9.1. Annual air temperature. - 9.2. Monthly air temperatures. - 9.3 The annual patterns of diurnal temperature. - 9.5 Thermal seasons. - 9.5 Factors shaping interannual variability of the air temperature. - 9.5.1. Associations of air temperature at Hornsund with indices describing the large scale atmospheric circulation. - 9.5.2 lnfluence of atmospheric circulation on the air temperature at Hornsund. - 9.5.3. The influence of sea ice cover on the air temperature at Hornsund. - 9.5.4. The influence of sea surface temperature (SST) changes on the air temperature at Hornsund. - 9.5.5. Comprehensive effects of changes of sea ice extent, sea surface temperature and atmospheric circulation on the air temperature at Hornsund. - 10. Humidity. - 10.1. Water vapour pressure. - 10.2. Relative humidity. - 11. Atmospheric precipitation. - 11 .1. General information, materials and methods. - 11.2.Distribution of monthly means and annual totals of precipitation. - 11.3. High diurnal precipitation. - 11.4 Number of days with precipitation. - 11.5 The annual cycle of atmospheric precipitation, taking the modes of occurrence into consideration. - 11.6 Associations of precipitation with atmospheric circulation. - 12. The horizontal visibility and fog. - 12.1 The horizontal visibility. - 12.2 Fog. - 13. States of the weather and weather seasonality. - 13.1 Methods. - 13.2 Structure of states of the weather. - 13.2.1 Weather groups and subgroups. - 13.2.2 Weather classes. - 13.2.3. Types of weather. - 13.2.4 The annual structure of states of the weather. - 13.3 Seasonal structure of the climate in the station region. - 13.3.1. Winter (October 21 - May 10). - 13.3.2. Spring (May 11 - July 10). - 13.3.3. Summer (July 11 - August 31). - 13.3.4. Autumn (September 1 - October 20). - 13.3.5. Remarks on the observed climatic seasonality. - 14. The climate of the station in the light of selected climatic indices. - 14.1. Continentality and oceanicity of the climate. - 14.2. The humidity of the climate. - 14.3. Wind chill. - 14.4. Positive and negative degree-days. - 15. The associations between climatic parameters and a model of changes of climatic conditions in the Hornsund region. - 15.1. Associations between climatic parameters. - 15.2. A model to forecast climatic changes in the Hornsund region. - 16. Changes of climate in the Hornsund station region during the meteorological observation, 1979-2009. - 16.1. Changes of atmospheric pressure. - 16.2. Changes of circulation indices. - 16.2.1. The W index of western zonal circulation. - 16.2.2. The S index of southern meridional circulation. - 16.2.3. The C index of cyclonicity. - 16.3. Changes of direction and velocity of the winds. - 16.4. Changes of cloudiness, sunshine duration and horizontal visibility. - 16.5. Changas of air temperature. - 16.6. Changes of precipitation. - 16.6.1. The multiannual variability of precipitation totals. - 16.6.2. Variability of rainfall and snowfall totals. - 16.6.3. Variability of the number of days with precipitation 〉 0.0 mm. - 16.6.4. Variability of number of days with precipitation [greater-than-or-equal sign] 0.1 mm. - 16.6.5. Variability of number of days with rainfall and snowfall. - 16.6.6. General trends of changes in atmospheric precipitation. - 17. Summary. - 18. Results of Observations. - 18. 1. Results of observations of meteorological parameters made at Hornsund during the Founding Expedition (1957-1958). - 18.2. Results of observations of meteorological parameters at Hornsundin 1978-2012. - 19. Snow cover at the Hornsund station. - 20. Ground temperatures at Hornsund. - REFERENCES. - APPENDICES. - 1. Calendar of circulation types for territory of Spitsbergen. - 1.1. Monthly, annual and seasonal values of circulation type S. - 1.2. Monthly, annual and seasonal values of circulation type W. - 1.3. Monthly, annual and seasonal values of circulation type C. - 2. LF1-4 Index. - 13. DG3L index.

Note: Inhalt Prolog 1. Der Fluß und das Grab 2. Reisen mit dem KGB 3. Ein Amerikaner in Sibirien 4. Die letzten Schoren 5. Asbestdschungel 6. Industrielles Ödland 7. Verbrechen ... 8. ... und Strafe 9. Das Wunder von Jurga 10. Die Bombenbauer 11. Wo Stalin König war 12. Die Toteninsel 13. Gottes unvollendetes Werk 14. Enttäuschte Hoffnungen 15. Jurten im Wind 16. Auf der Suche nach den Schamanen 17. Kraftprobe in Dodge City 18. Nukleare Geheimnisse 19. Die Rentiernomaden 20. Eine Bahnstrecke ins Nirgendwo 21. Der Zug nach Workuta 22. Die Frau, die Stalin töten wollte 23. Eine Überlebende Epilog: Die russische Seele

Note: Fairbanks, Univ., Diss. 1991 , Contents: Acknowledgements. - 1 Introduction and Literature Review. - 1.1 Introduction. - 1.2 Literature Review. - 1.2.1 Solute Redistribution and Heat Flow During the Solidification of Metals. - 1.2.2 Brine Movement in Ice Grown from a Saline Solution. - 1.2.2.1 Summary of Solute Movement in Ice Grown from a Saline Solution. - 1.2.3 Solute Movement and Heat Flow in Freezing Coarse-Grained Saline Soils. - 1.2.3.1 Experimental Studies. - 1.2.3.2 Theoretical Studies. - 1.2.3.3 Summary of Solute Movement and Heat Flow During Freezing in Coarse-Grained Saline Soils. - 1.3 Summary of Solute Redistribution During a Change in Phase. - 1.4 Dissertation Objective. - 2 Experimental Methods. - 2.1 Introduction. - 2.2 Literature Review. - 2.3 Design and Construction of the Freezing Apparatus. - 2.3.1 Environmental Chamber. - 2.3.2 Sand Filled Box Construction. - 2.3.3 Measurement of Temperature Within the Freezing Apparatus. - 2.4 Preparation and Operation of the Freezing Apparatus. - 2.4.1 Preparation of the Freezing Apparatus. - 2.4.1.1 Preparation of the Sand Box. - 2.4.1.2 Preparation of the Sand Columns. - 2.4.2 Operation of the Freezing Apparatus. - 2.4.2.1 Equilibration of the Freezing apparatus. - 2.4.2.2 Start of a Freezing Experiment . - 2.4.2.3 Monitoring the Freezing Experiment. - 2.5 Salt Fingering Experiment. - 2.6 Summar. - 3 Analytical Methods. - 3.1 Introduction. - 3.2 Labaratory Analysis. - 3.3 Data Reduction. - 3.3.1 Bulk Salinity. - 3.3.2 Gravimetric Water Content. - 3.3.3 Physical Properties of the Unfrozen Solution. - 3.4 Summary. - 4 Results. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Soil Description and Freezing Test Summary. - 4.2.1 Soil Description. - 4.2.2 Freezing Test Summary. - 4.3 Experimental Results and Discussion. - 4.3.1 Measured Results. - 4.3.2 Calculated Results. - 4.3.3 Salt Fingering Experiment. - 4.4 Summary. - 5 Interpretation. - 5.1 Introduction. - 5.2 Interpretation of the Experimental Results. - 5.2.1 Conditions Prior to the Onset of Convection. - 5.2.2 Conditions After the Onset of Convection. - 5.3 Stability of a Freezing Viscous Fluid in a Vertical Tube. - 5.3.1 Effect of Throughfiow on the Fluid Stability. - 5.4 Solute Redistribution During Freezing. - 5.4.1 Development . - 5.4.2 Maximum Amount of Solute Redistribution During Freezing. - 5.5 Pore Fluid Velocity During Convection. - 5.5.1 Bounds on the Pore Fluid Velocities. - 5.5.2 Pore Fluid Velocity Based on Solute Movement. - 5.5.3 Interpretation of Pore Fluid Velocities. - 5.6 Summary. - 6 Conclusions, Potential Applications and Areas of Future Research Needs. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 Interpretation Summary. - 6.2.1 Experimental Observations. - 6.2.2 Results. - 6.2.2.1 Results Prior to the Onset of Convection. - 6.2.2.2 Conditions After the Onset of Convection. - 6.2.2.3 Theoretical Results. - 6.2.3 Summary. - 6.3 Potential Applications to Natural Freezing. - 6.3.1 Limitations of the Experimental Apparatus. - 6.3.2 Application of the Experimental Results to Natural Freezing Situations. - 6.3.3 Summary. - 6.4 Recommendation for Areas of Additional Research. - 6.4.1 The lnfluence of the Thawed Region on the Stability of the Pore Fluid. - 6.4.2 Dynamics of Finger Growth in Freezing Sand. - 6.4.3 Permeability of Partially Frozen Sand. - 6.4.4 Summary. - Bibliography. - A Stability Theory. - A.1 Introduction. - A.2 Permeability of Partially Frozen Sand. - A.3 Base State Conditions. - A.4 Linear Stability Analysis. - B Estimation of Parameter Uncertainty. - B.1 Introduction. - B.2 Uncertainty of the Measured Parameters. - B.3 Uncertainty of the Calculated Parameters. - B.4 Summary. - C Measurement of Permeability. - D Sensor Spacing and Probe Spacing. - E Data Acquisition. - F Definition of Terms and List of Notation.

Note: Contents: Preface. - Acknowledgements. - PART 1 INTRODUCTION. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 Humans and the coastal zone. - 1.2 Approaches to the study of coasts. - 1.3 Information sources. - 1.4 Approach and organisation. - References. - 2. Coastal geomorphology. - 2.1 Definition and scope of coastal geomorphology. - 2.2 The coastal zone: definition and nomenclature. - 2.3 Factors influencing coastal morphology and processes. - References. - PART 2 COASTAL PROCESSES. - 3. Sea level fluctuations and changes. - 3.1 Synopsis. - 3.2 Mean sea level, the geoid, and changes in mean sea level. - 3.3 Changes in mean sea level. - 3.4 Astronomical tides. - 3.5 Short-term dynamic changes in sea level. - 3.6 Climate change and sea level rise. - References. - 4. Wind-generated waves. - 4.1 Synopsis. - 4.2 Definition and characteristics of waves. - 4.3 Measurement and description of waves. - 4.4 Wave generation. - 4.5 Wave prediction. - 4.6 Wave climate. - Further reading. - Preferences. - 5. Waves - wave theory and wave dynamics. - 5.1 Synopsis. - 5.2 Wave theories. - 5.3 Wave shoaling and refraction. - 5.4 Wave breaking. - 5.5 Wave groups and low-frequency energy in the surf and swash zones. - Further reading. - References. - 6. Surf zone circulation. - 6.1 Synopsis. - 6.2 Undertow. - 6.3 Rip cells. - 6.4 Longshore currents. - 6.5 Wind and tidal currents. - Further reading. - References. - 7. Coastal sediment transport. - 7.1 Synopsis. - 7.2 Sediment transport mechanisms, boundary layers and bedforms. - 7.3 On-offshore sand transport. - 7.4 Longshore sand transport. - 7.5 Littoral sediment budget and littoral drift cells. - Further reading. - References. - PART 3 COASTAL SYSTEMS. - 8. Beach and nearshore systems. - 8.1 Synopsis. - 8.2 Beach and nearshore sediments and morphology. - 8.3 Nearshore morphodynamics. - 8.4 Beach morphodynamics. - References. - 9. Coastal sand dunes. - 9.1 Synopsis. - 9.2 Morphological components of coastal dunes and dune fields. - 9.3 Plant communities of coastal dunes. - 9.4 Aeolian processes in coastal dunes. - 9.5 Sand deposition. - 9.6 Beach / dune interaction and foredune evolution. - 9.7 Management of coastal dunes. - References. - 10. Barrier systems. - 10.1 Synopsis. - 10.2 Barrier types and morphology. - 10.3 Barrier dynamics: overwash and inlets. - 10.4 Barrier spit morphodynamics. - 10.5 Barrier islands. - 10.6 Management of barrier systems. - References. - 11. Salt marshes and mangroves. - 11.1 Synopsis. - 11.2 Saltmarsh and mangrove ecosystems. - 11.3 Salt marshes. - 11.4 Mangroves. - 11.5 Conservation and management of saltmarshes and mangroves. - Further reading. - References. - 12. Coral reefs and atolls. - 12.1 Synopsis. - 12.2 Corals and reef formation. - 12.3 Geomorphology and sedimentology of coral reefs. - 12.4 Impacts of disturbance on coral reefs. - Further reading. - References. - 13. Cliffed and rocky coasts. - 13.1 Synopsis. - 13.2 Cliffed coast morphology. - 13.3 Cliffed coast erosion system. - 13.4 Cohesive bluff coasts. - 13.5 Rock coasts. - 13.6 Shore platforms. - 13.7 Management of coastal cliff shorelines. - Further reading. - References. - Index

Note: Contents: SUMMARY. - 1 INTRODUCTION. - Study Context and Charge to the Committee. - Study Approach and Methodology. - Report Organization. - 2 RATIONALE FOR CONTINUED ARCTIC RESEARCH. - 3 EMERGING QUESTIONS. - Evolving Arctic. - Will Arctic communities have greater or lesser influence on their futures?. - Will the land be wetter or drier, and what are the associated implications for surface water, energy balances, and ecosystems?. - How much of the variability of the Arctic system is linked to ocean circulation?. - What are the impacts of extreme events in the new ice-reduced system?. - How will primary productivity change with decreasing sea ice and snow cover?. - How will species distributions and associated ecosystem structure change with the evolving cryosphere?. - Hidden Arctic. - What surprises are hidden within and beneath the ice?. - What is being irretrievably lost as the Arctic changes?. - Why does winter matter?. - What can "break or brake" glaciers and ice sheets?. - How unusual is the current Arctic warmth?. - What is the role of the Arctic in abrupt change?. - What has been the Cenozoic evolution of the Arctic Ocean Basin?. - Connected Arctic. - How will rapid Arctic warming change the jet stream and affect weather patterns in lower latitudes?. - What is the potential for a trajectory of irreversible loss of Arctic land ice, and how will its impact vary regionally?. - How will climate change affect exchanges between the Arctic Ocean andsubpolar basins?. - How will Arctic change affect the long-range transport and persistence of biota?. - How will changing societal connections between the Arctic and the rest of the world affect Arctic communities?. - Managed Arctic. - How will decreasing populations in rural villages and increasing urbanization affect Arctic peoples and societies?. - Will local, regional, and international relations in the Arctic move toward cooperation or conflict?. - How can 21st-century development in the Arctic occur without compromising the environment or indigenous cultures while still benefiting global and Arctic inhabitants?. - How can we prepare forecasts and scenarios to meet emerging management needs?. - What benefits and risks are presented by geoengineering and other large-scale technological interventions to prevent or reduce climate change and associated impacts in the Arctic?. - Undetermined Arctic. - Priority Setting. - 4 MEETING THE CHALLENGES. - Enhancing Cooperation. - Interagency. - International. - Interdisciplinary. - Intersectoral. - Cooperation through Social Media. - Sustaining Long-Term Observations. - Rationale for Long-Term Observations. - Coordinating Long-Term Observation Efforts. - Managing and Sharing Information. - Preserving the Legacy of Research through Data Preservation and Dissemination. - Creating a Culture of Data Preservation and Sharing. - Infrastructure to Ensure Data Flows from Observation to Users, Stakeholders, and Archives. - Data Visualization and Analysis. - Maintaining and Building Operational Capacity. - Mobile Platforms. - Fixed Platforms and Systems. - Remote Sensing. - Sensors. - Power and Communication. - Models in Prediction, Projection, and Re-Analyses. - Partnerships with Industry. - Growing Human Capacity. - Community Engagement. - Investing in Research. - Comprehensive Systems and Synthesis Research. - Non-Steady-State Research. - Social Sciences and Human Capacity. - Stakeholder-Initiated Research. - International Funding Cooperation. - Long-Term Observations. - 5 BUILDING KNOWLEDGE AND SOLVING PROBLEMS. - REFERENCES. - APPENDIXES. - A Acronyms and Abbreviations. - B Speaker and Interviewee Acknowledgments. - C Summary of Questionnaire Responses. - D Biographical Sketches of Committee Members.

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Theoretische Grundlagen der angewandten Gravimetrie und Magnetik / Dr. rer. nat. habil. Rolf Rösler. - 1.1. Einleitung. - 1.1.1. Zielstellung. - 1.1.2. Die potentielle Energie. - 1.1.3. Die Potentialfunktion. - 1.2. Das NEWTONsche Volumenpotential. - 1.2.1. NEWTONsches Gravitationspotential. - 1.2.1.1. Das Gravitationsgesetz und die Bestandteile des Schwerevektors. - 1.2.1.2. Einige Eigenschaften der Äquipotentialflächen. - 1.2.2. Die räumliche und flächenhafte Massenverteilung. - 1.2.2.1. Das Potential einer räumlichen Massenverteilung. - 1.2.2.2. Die Ableitungen des Volumen- und des Flächenpotentials. - 1.2.3. Das Potential im Inneren. - 1.2.3.1. Die Existenz des Potentials. - 1.2.3.2. Das Potential einer masseerfüllten Kugel. - 1.2.4. Die BOUGUER-Plattenwirkung. - 1.2.4.1. Die Schwerewirkung einer Kreisscheibe. - 1.2.4.2. Die ebene BOUGUER-Platte. - 1.2.4.3. Die sphärische BOUGUER-Platte. - 1.2.5. Einige Störkörperformeln. - 1.2.5.1. Die Kugel. - 1.2.5.2. Der Quader. - 1.2.5.3. Die vertikale halbunendliche Säule. - 1.2.5.4. Die horizontale halbunendliche Säule. - 1.2.5.5. Die Viertel-Platte. - 1.2.5.6. Höhere Potentialableitungen für den Quader und seine Spezialfalle. - 1.2.5.7. Weitere Störkörperformeln. - 1.3. Dipol- und Multipol-Potentiale. - 1.3.1. Das Dipolpotential. - 1.3.2. Das Potential einer Doppelschicht. - 1.3.3. Die Entwicklung des Volumenpotentials in Multipolpotentiale. - 1.3.3.1. Das Multipolpotential. - 1.3.3.2. Eine Reihenentwicklung des reziproken Abstandes. - 1.3.3.3. Die Reihenentwicklung des Gravitationspotentials der Erde. - 1.3.3.4. Die Entwicklung des Magnetfeldes der Erde nach Kugelfunktionen. - 1.3.4. Das Potential und das Magnetfeld magnetisierter Körper. - 1.3.4.1. Das Problem der Berechnung geomagnetischer Anomalien. - 1.3.4.2. Der Zusammenhang mit dem Schwerepotential. - 1.3.4.3. Die Anomalien des magnetischen Feldes. - 1.3.5. Einige Störkörperformeln für magnetische Anomalien. - 1.3.5.1. Die Kugel. - 1.3.5.2. Der Quader. - 1.3.5.3. Spezialfälle des Quaders. - 1.4. Ebene Potentialfelder. - 1.4.1. Das logarithmische Potential. - 1.4.2. Die Ableitungen des Potentials. - 1.4.2.1. Körper beliebigen Querschnitts. - 1.4.2.2. Die ebene Flächenmasse. - 1.4.2.3. Die Darstellungen des Potentialgradienten mittels komplexer Funktionen. - 1.4.3. Einige Störkörperformeln. - 1.4.3.1. Horizontaler, homogener Kreiszylinder. - 1.4.3.2. Die halbunendliche, dünne Platte. - 1.4.3.3. Das horizontale Rechteck-Prisma. - 1.4.3.4. Die senkrechte Stufe. - 1.4.3.5. Die geneigte Stufe. - 1.4.3.6. Das Prisma mit Polygonquerschnitt. - 1.4.3.7. Die geneigte Platte. - 1.4.4. Störkörperformeln für magnetische Anomalien (ebener Fall). - 1.4.4.1. Der horizontale Kreiszylinder. - 1.4.4.2. Die geneigte Stufe. - 1.4.4.3. Weitere Störkörperformeln. - 1.5. Grundlagen der Interpretation. - 1.5.1. Die Mehrdeutigkeit der Interpretation. - 1.5.2. Feldtransformationen. - 1.5.2.1. Die Aufgabe der Feldtransformationen. - 1.5.2.2. Die Feldfortsetzung. - 1.5.2.3. Die Berechnung höherer vertikaler Ableitungen. - 1.5.2.4. Die Spektraldarstellung des Potentials und seiner Ableitungen mittels FOURIER-Transformation. - 1.5.2.5. Die Transformation magnetischer Anomalien. - 1.5.2.6. Die Glättung der transformierten Feldgrößen. - 1.5.2.7. Anwendung auf ebene Probleme. - 1.5.3. Inverse Aufgaben. - 2. Angewandte Gravimetrie / Dr. rer. nat. Harald Lindner ; Dr. rer. nat. habil. Heinz Militzer ; Dr. mont. Georg Walach. - 2.1. Geophysikalische, geologische und ingenieurtechnische Grundlagen. - 2.1.1. Das Schwerefeld der Erde. - 2.1.2. Ursache und Größenordnung von Schwereanomalien. - 2.1.3. Aufgabenstellung, Einsatzkriterien und Grenzen der Anwendung. - 2.2. Meßgrößen und Meßgeräte. - 2.2.1. Meßgrößen. - 2.2.2. Gravimeter. - 2.2.3. Gradientenmesser. - 2.3. Vorbereitung und Durchführung von Messungen. - 2.3.1. Eichung. - 2.3.2. Bezugs- und Anschlußpunkte, Schwerenetze. - 2.3.3. Gangbestimmung. - 2.3.4. Punktabstand. - 2.3.5. Regionalaufnahme. - 2.3.6. Spezialaufnahme. - 2.3.7. Mikroaufnahme. - 2.3.8. Messungen unter besonderen Bedingungen. - 2.3.8.1. See- und Flugzeugmessungen. - 2.3.8.2. Schacht- und Bohrlochmessungen. - 2.3.8.3. Untertagemessungen. - 2.3.9. Gradientenmessungen. - 2.4. Reduktionen und Anomalien. - 2.4.1. Zielstellung. - 2.4.2. Normalschwerereduktion. - 2.4.3. Freiluftreduktion. - 2.4.4. Geländereduktion für Messungen über- und untertage. - 2.4.5. BOUGUER-Reduktion. - 2.4.6. Isostatische Reduktion. - 2.4.7. BOUGUER-Anomalie. - 2.4.8. Freiluft-Anomalie. - 2.4.9. Isostatische Anomalie. - 2.5. Petrophysikalische Grundlagen der angewandten Gravimetrie. - 2.5.1. Klassifikation von Dichten. - 2.5.2. Dichtewerte verschiedener Gesteine. - 2.5.3. Dichtebestimmung mit Labormethoden. - 2.5.4. Dichtebestimmung mit gravimetrischen Methoden. - 3. Angewandte Magnetik / Dr. rer. nat. habil. Heinz Militzer ; Dipl.-Geophys. Reiner Scheibe ; Dr. phil. Wolfgang Seiberl. - 3.1. Geophysikalische, geologische und ingenieurtechnische Grundlagen. - 3.1.1. Magnetfeld der Erde und magnetische Anomalien. - 3.1.2. Aufgabenstellung und Einsatzkriterien. - 3.2. Meßgrößen und Meßgeräte. - 3.2.1. Meßkomponenten. - 3.2.2. Mechanisch-optische Magnetometer (Feldwaagen). - 3.2.3. Sättigungskernmagnetometer (Ferrosonde, FÖRSTER-Sonde, fluxgate-Magnetometer). - 3.2.4. Kernpräzessionsmagnetometer (Protonenmagnetometer, Kerninduktionsmagnetometer). - 3.2.5. Absorptionszellenmagnetometer (Quantenmagnetometer, Magnetometer mit optisch gepumpten Gasen). - 3.2.6. Apparative, zweckgebundene Besonderheiten. - 3.3. Vorbereitung und Durchführung von Messungen. - 3.3.1. Eichung. - 3.3.2. Anschluß der Messungen, magnetische Netze. - 3.3.3. Fehlerbestimmung. - 3.3.4. Profil- und Punktabstand. - 3.3.5. Regionalaufnahme. - 3.3.6. Spezialaufnahme. - 3.3.7. Mikroaufnahme. - 3.3.8. Gradientenmessung. - 3.3.9. Messungen unter besonderen Bedingungen. - 3.3.9.1. Aeromessungen. - 3.3.9.1.1. Magnetometereinbau im Fluggerät. - 3.3.9.1.2. Flugwegbestimmungen. - 3.3.9.1.3. Flughöhenbestimmung. - 3.3.9.1.4. Aeromagnetisches Flugnetz. - 3.3.9.2. Seemessungen. - 3.3.9.3. Untertagemessungen. - 3.3.9.4. Bohrlochmessungen. - 3.4. Korrekturen und Reduktionen. - 3.4.1. Zielstellung. - 3.4.2. Variationskorrektur. - 3.4.3. Instrumentengangkorrektur. - 3.4.4. Normalfeldreduktion. - 3.4.5. Höhenreduktion. - 3.4.6. Geländereduktion. - 3.4.7. Kompilation von aeromagnetischen und seemagnetischen Messungen. - 4. Paläo- und Archäomagnetik / Dr. mont. Hermann Mauritsch. - 4.1. Einleitung. - 4.2. Physikalische Grundlagen. - 4.3. Physikalische Theorie des Gesteinsmagnetismus. - 4.4. Remanente Magnetisierung natürlicher Gesteine. - 4.5. Spannungseffekte und Anisotropie. - 4.6. Die magnetischen Mineralien. - 4.7. Die Magnetisierung natürlicher Gesteine. - 4.8. Die Probennahme. - 4.9. Messung der Remanenz. - 4.10. Verfahren der magnetischen Reinigung. - 4.11. Feldfreier Raum. - 4.12. Zuverlässigkeitstest paläomagnetischer Ergebnisse. - 4.13. Statistische Analyse. - 4.14. Vergleich paläomagnetischer Daten. - 4.15. Berechnung des paläomagnetischen Pols. - 4.16. Darstellung paläomagnetischer Ergebnisse. - 4.17. Paläointensitätsmessungen. - 4.18. Ergebnisse paläomagnetischer Untersuchungen. - 4.18.1. Magnetostratigraphie. - 4.18.2. Polwanderung und Kontinentaldrift. - 4.18.3. Paläogeographie. - 4.19. Praktische Anwendungsbeispiele. - 4.20. Archäomagnetik. - 5. Bearbeitung und Interpretation der gravimetrischen und magnetischen Meßergebnisse / Dr. rer. nat. Harald Lindner ; Dr. rer. nat. habil. Heinz Militzer ; Dr. rer. nat. habil. Rolf Rösler ; Dipl.-Geophys. Reiner Scheibe. - 5.1. Zielstellung. - 5.2. Bearbeitungsverfahren und Interpretationsbeispiele. - 5.2.1. Verfahren der Feldtransformation. - 5.2.1.1. Regional- und Lokalfeld. - 5.2.1.2. Wellenlängenfilt

Note: Table of Contents - Čast' 1.: Research by the pulsing method of a NRM of the metastable water formed at dissociation freonhydrate-12 in the field of negative temperatures / V. A. Vlasov, A. G. Zavodovsky, M. S. Madygulov, A. N. Nesterov, A. M. Reshetnikov. - Kinetics crystallization subcooling of the water contacting to surface gas hydrate / V. A. Vlasov, A. G. Zavodovsky, M. S. Madygulov, A. N. Nesterov, A. M. Reshetnikov. - Transformation of cryogenic structure of frozen clay soils at plain stamp test / S. S. Volokhov. - About influence of contact zone structure of frozen soils with materials on adfreezing strength / S. S. Volokhov, N. V. Solovyeva. - Possibilities of calculating the effective diffusion coefficient of water vapour in snow due to field observations data / R. I. Gavriliev. - Features of water's crystallization in dispersed rocks / V. N. Golubev, G. A. Rzhanitsyn. - Mass exchange in the system of atmosphere-snow cover-ground / V. N. Golubev, D. M. Frolov. - Physical and mechanical aspects of phase transition processes in frozen and freezing ground / J. B. Gorelik. - The experimental stadies of cryogenic preassure into water-saturated saline soils / S. E. Grechishchev, A. V. Brousehkov, Ark. V. Pavlov, O. V. Grechisheheva. - Phase composition of frozen saline ground with petroleum pollution / E. S. Grechishcheva, R. G. Motenko. - About plastic deformation of frozen rocks / M. M. Iudin. - Studies of Soil Moisture Transfer and ice extraction in clay loam Patterns Under External Pressure / O. A. Kazansky. - Isotopic content of interfacial water and ice frozen ground / V. N. Konischev, V. V. Rogov, V. N. Golubev, S. A. Sokratov. - On longevity and structured physical system organizations (on example of frozen soils and ice) / A. A. Konovalov. - On toughness and deforming the frozen ground / A. A. Konovalov. - The study of deformation characteristics of thawing soils / P. I. Kotov. - Thermal properties of volcanic ashes (Kamchatka) / E. P. Kuznetsova, R. G. Motenko. - About temperature extension coeffision of frozen soils / V. P. Merzlyakov. - Classification indicators of frost-susceptible soils / A. L. Nevzorov. - Separation of the pore solution compounds during mass transfer in disperse ice / V. Ye. Ostroumov, N. V. Ostroumova. - Achievements and problems of frozen soils mechanics / L. T. Roman. - Classification of frozen soils / L. T. Roman, V. I. Aksenov, A. V. Iospa. - Modification of frozen soils and ice by adding polyvinyl alcohol in order to facilitate construction / E. V. Safronov, V. V. Vialdin, V. G. Cheverev, V. E. Gagarin, D. V. Hvostikov. - Method of mass crystallization calculation for multiphased rheological mediums / N. I. Sidnyaev, D. A. Krylov. - The deflected mode of the freezing soils layer taking into account the creep and compliance of the boundary conditions / Z. G. Ter-Martirosyan, P. A. Gorbachev. - Study of deformation characteristics of thawing soils of Vankor oilfield / M. N. Tsarapov. - Influence of outer loading on frost heaving of freezing soils, according to theoretical and experimental researches / V. G. Cheverev, M. A. Minkin, E. V. Safronov, V. E. Gagarin, R. S. Bumaev. , Table of Contents - Čast' 2.: Investigation of glaciers and fumarolic activity of Mt Elbrus / V. A. Alekseev, N. G. Alekseeva, M. G. Daniyalov, P. A. Morozov, C. M. Pershin, P. V. Hlebopashev. - The study of impact craters near the Tunguska meteorite epicenter / V. A. Alekseev, V. V. Kopeykin, N. G. Alekseeva, V. V. Krivulin, L. G. Pelehan', V. A. Rukavishnikov, V. A. Chechin. - Engineering geophysical investigations to substantiate the investments for Nizhne-Timptonsk HPP construction / O. K. Voronkov, N. N. Sigatcheva, O. A. Semenov, Yu. Yu. Punin. - Essentials of technique for seismic hazard zoning of extended linear structures in cryolithic zone / V. I. Dzhurik, S. P. Serebrennikov, L. A. Usynin, E. V. Bryzhak. - Temperature dependence of seasonal changes of electrical resistance of frozen ground / V. N. Efremov. - Role and place geophysical methods at studying criolitozone / Y. D. Zykov, A. V. Koshurnikov, N. V. Paramonov, A. A. Pogorelov, R. D. Ostrovsky, A. Y. Gunar. - EM sounding technology's capability in long-term engineering-geological studies in transition zones (case study: transition of a pipeline Bovanenkovo-Ukhta through Baidaratskaya Bay) / Y. D. Zykov, Y. V. Kuleshov, S. V. Kulakov, A. V. Koshurnikov, E. I. Gorshkov, A. A. Pogorelov, E. M. Sizykh. - Experience using of aerospace infrared thermal data for characteristics of the permafrost / S. G. Kornienko. - Wave characteristics of permafrost in Western Yakutia / L. G. Neradovsky. - Geological-geophysical analysis of seismic events in the cryolithic zone of Mongolia / S. P. Serebrennikov, Ts. Batsaikhan, V. I. Dzhurik, A. Yu. Eskin, A. F. Drennov. - Seismic geocryological study of shallow waters in permafrost / A. G. Skvortsov, M. R. Sadurtdinov, A. M. Tsarev. - Features of seismic methods in engineering geocryological studies / A. G. Skvortsov, A. M. Tsarev, M. R. Sadurtdinov. - Descriptiveness of geophysical methods in the assessment of oil pollution / A. D. Skobelev, Y. D. Zykov, A. V. Koshurnikov, A. A. Pogorelov, P. D. Ostrovsky, A. Y. Gunnar. - Radiolocation of the upper frozen ground in Anadyr city: structure, interpretation, forecast / O. D. Tregubov. - Estimating of rock state and properties in long-tem physical weathering by an ultrasonic method / L. F. Ushakova, O. K. Voronkov. - The efficiency of geophysical methods in studies of cryolithic zone in the process of placer accumulation by dredge acquisition / I. M. Khasanov, N. L. Alevskaya, A. V. Koshumikov. - Impact assessment of cryolithic zone in geophysical explorations of gold minefields on a prospecting step, that arc disposed in background medium, consisted of finest sedimentary rock / I. M. Khasanov, V. M. Sharaphytdinov, A. V. Koshurnikov. - Engineering-geocryological research in offshore area of Kruzenshternsky field in Kara sea / V. A. Kholodilov, M. L. Tsemkalo, M. F. Savitskiy, N. V. Paramonov, A. V. Koshumikov, A. A. Pogorelov. - Using electrical resistivity tomography to investigate near-shore permafrost dynamics / P. Overduin, M. Grigoriev, T. Haberlau, S. Wetterich, S. Westermann, K. Yoshikawa. , Table of Contents - Čast' 3.: Cryogenic and seismogenic deormations in the Late Cenozoic deposits of Tunkinskaya depression in Baikal rift zone / S. V. Alexeev, L. P. Alexeeva, A. C. Gladkov, O. V. Lunina, A. M. Kononov, A. V. Andreev. - Coastal Permafrost evolution of Western Yamal in context of climate change / A. A. Vasiliev, I. D. Streletskaya, R. S. Shirokov, G. E. Oblogov. - Classification of massive ice /Yu. K. Vasil'chuk. - δ18O variation of Late Holocene ice-wedge of Aventdalen, Svalbard / Yu. K. Vasil'chuk, N. A. Budantseva, A. M. Zemskova. - Pollen spectra of massive ice of Yerkutayakha River valley, Southern Yamal Peninsula / A. C. Vasil'chuk, Yu. K. Vasi l'chuk, N. A. Budantscva. - Complex assessment of crioecolological and bioresource state of northern geosystems / L. I. Zotova, S. J. Dedjusova. - Study of Quaternary sediments and ground ice with detailed grane-size composition analysis at Yenisey North / M. S. Pavlov, I. D. Streletskaya, A. G. Matyukhin, G. E. Oblogov, A. V. Surkov. - On rock weathering in Cryolithozone / D. M. Shesternev. - Fossil organic matter in permafrost deposits of northern East Siberia - contents and characteristics / L. Schirrmeister, S. Wetterich, G. Grosse, J. Strauss, C. Siegert, P. P. Overduin, H.-W. Hubberten. , Table of Contents - Čast' 4.: The influence of reservoir parameters on hydrate formation in gas wells in permafrost / E. A. Bondarev, K. K. Argunova, I. I. Rozhin. - Research features of deposits wells with abnormal low field temperature / Z. A. Vasil'eva, D. S. Djafarov. - Technogenic indicators of natural gas hydrates presence in deposits of the western part of the Siberian Platform and Yenisei-Khatanga Depression / Z. A. Vasil'eva, D. S. Dzhafarov. - The commercially viable unconventional gas sources (gas hydrates, coalbed methane and shale gas) - experience of development and prospects in Russia / E. V. Perlova. - Gas hydrate of Yamal region (Yamal Peninsular, Kara Sea's shelf) - occurance, types, resources, technogenic challenges / E. V. Perlova, S. A. Leonov, E. S. Miklyaeva, S. D. Perlov. - Variation of thermal conductivity in gas-saturated sediments during hydrate accumulation and freezing / E. M. Chuvilin, B. A. Buhanov. - Sources of natural gas in cryolithozone of Yamal Pemnsula / V. S. Yakushev. , In kyrill. Schr.

Note: Table of Contents - Čast' 5: Geocryological monitoring network in the area of Russian Antarctic stations / A. A. Abramov, D. A. Gilichinsky. - Cryogenic sections of gas-bearing structures of West Siberia Sub-Arctic / Yu. B. Badu. - Reconstruction (3 mln years) and forecast (0,3 mln years) of global ecological parameters and methods of saving the last interglacial climate / B. L. Berry. - Geocryological conditions of the plain part of the Lama-Pyasino region / A. B. Bortsov, O. M. Lisitsyna. - Regularities of modern relief organization Yakutia coastal lowlands-remote sensing and GIS-studies / A. A. Veremeeva. - Last interglacial environments in NE Siberia / S. Wetterich, A. Andreev, F. Kienast, L. Schirrmeister, V. Kunitsky. - Prognoz of change of geocryological conditions of the basis of detailed landscape geocryological maping of the Seida key site within the limits of the project "Carbo-north" / J. Vlasova, P. Kuhry, G. G. Mazhitova, S. Marchenko, I. S. Parmuzin, F. M. Rivrin. - Geocryological classification of Arctic shelfs according to the frozen strate formation / A. V. Gavrilov. - The recent climatic changes on the evidence of ice wedges isotopic analysis / A. Yu. Dereviagin, A. B. Chizhov, H. Meyer. - Preliminary results of geocryological investigation on Hayes Island (Franz Josef Land) / D. S. Drozdov, E. A. Slagoda,A. A. Abramov, A. A. Ermak, P. T. Orekhov. - Permafrost and geothermal conditions in the Vilyui Synelcise / M. N. Zheleznyak, V. P. Semenov, V. T. Balobaev, V. G. Rusakov. - Development of a permafrost monitoring network in north eastern Asia / M. N. Zheleznyak, S. I. Serikov. - The state of permafrost in the Yakutsk Combined Heat and Power Plant area / S. I. Zabolotnik, P. S. Zabolotnik. - Geocryological conditions Swedish Lapland / N. V. lvanova, I. L. Kuznetsova, I. S. Parmuzin, F. M. Rivkin, V. A. Sorokovikov. - Closed submarine taliks in the eastern part of the Laptev Sea shelf / M. V. Kasymskaya. - Permafrost conditions of the north eastern part of the Yamal Peninsula / V. V. Kondakov, O. F. Kusova, M. V. Kondakov. - Comparison of the frontier geological, climatic and frozen Pleistocene events on the coastal lowlands of the north Yakutia / L. N. Maksimova. - Some specialties of freezing process of rocks on first stage of permafrost layer formation / L. N. Maksimova, S. Yu. Parmuzin. - Monitoring of the Mean-annual ground temperature and thawing depth on the steady-state-station Bolvansky in the Pechora delta / G. V. Malkova. - Saline the Quaternary sediment of shore of Enisey Bay / A. G. Matukhin, I. D. Streletskaya, L. E. Polaykova, M. S. Pavlov, G. E. Oblogov. - Characteristics and evolution of thermokarst lakes and alasses in Ice complex deposits of the Lena River delta / A. Morgenstern, G. Grosse, F. Günther, L. Schirrmeister. - Recent formation of Permafrost in coastal zone of Kara Sea / G. E. Oblogov, R. S. Shirokov, A. G. Matukhin, M. S. Pavlov. - Deformations of Quaternary deposits and their relationship with cryogenic processes in the Kara Sea region / O. L. Opokina, E. A. Slagoda, A. A. Vasil'ev, I. D. Streletskaya, A. A. Bagenov. - The long term dynamics of Lyakhovsky Island coastlines (on evidence of remote sensing data) / E. I. Pizhankova. - Cenozoic sequence correlation for north Yamal / E. E. Podbornyy, Yu. O. Badu. - Cryogenic sediments' structure and formation at the south border cryolithozone, the Kola Peninsula / F. A. Romanenko, E. V. Garankina. - Geothermal monitoring of cryolithozone of the north Tien Shan / E. V. Severskiy. - The ground ice of Yenisey north, International Polar Year rezults / I. D. Streletskaya, A. A. Vasiliev, E. A. Slagoda, E. A. Gusev, O. L. Opokina. - Permafrost-landscape's interactions in cryolithozone of Russia / N. V. Tumel', N. A. Koroleva. - Conditions of perennial frost mounds formation in Yakutia / A. A. Urban. - Conditions of formation of cryolithozone of western Russian Antarctic shelf and the adjacent /N. A. Shpolyanskaya. , Table of Contents - Čast' 6: Numerical modelling of non-stationary teperature fields in three-dimensional domain by programm complex Merzlota / I. B. Bakholdin. - Cryopegs formation features at Bayaratskaya Bay coast / S. N. Buldovich. - Monitoring of the ground thermal state along the railroad corridor underlain by ice-rich permafrost (Olen to Kerdem) / S. P. Varlamov, N. I. Shender, P. N. Skryabin. - Dinamics of frazil processes in Zabaykalie region / A. G. Verhoturov, E. S. Vasilovsraya. - Criogenic processes and events in high-mountain area of central Caucasus (based on winter research during 2000- 2010) / N. A. Volodicheva, M. N. lvanov, V. A. Isakov. - Development of suffosional processes in permafrost areas, Central Yakutia / L. A. Gagarin, A. A. Semernya. - Analysis of role of landscape factors in variability of the seasonal thawing (examples from the CALM program) / V. Grebenets, D. Streletskiy, D. Shmelev, N. Shiklomanov. - Cryogenic processes in valleys of the smoll rivers of the central Yamal / A. A. Gubarkov, M. V. Andreeva. - Assessment of permafrost temperature regime dynamics in the area of Marre-Sale according to the monitoring observation data / V. A. Dubrovin, L. N. Kritsuk. - Anthropogenic modification of the active-layer hydrothermal regime type in permafrost landscapes, northern Verkhoyansk / R. N. lvanova. - Regularities of the dynamics of negative air temperatures in the formation of the thermal state of ground in layer of annual heat turnover in the european north-east Russia / N. B. Kakunov, E. I. Sulimova. - The analysis of displays of climate change on processes of degradation of the long-term frozen ground / S. E. Korkin. - Investigation of termokarst lakes dynamics in central Yakutia by mutitemporal satellite images / V. I. Kravtsova, T. V. Tarasenko. - Simulation of processes heat-moisture trasfer using the method of thermal and hydraulic resistance in soils / N. B. Kutvitskaya, L. A. Duginov, M. Kh. Rozovsky, A. V. Ryazanov, M. A. Magomedgadzhieva. - Climate changes and permafrost in the Bureya River basin / P. V. Novorotsky. - The geocryological consequences of the contemporary global climate changes / A. V. Pavlov, G. V. Malkova, Yu. V. Korostelev, Yu. B. Skachkov. - Quantitative prognosis methods of permafrost responce to contemporary climate changes / A. V. Pavlov, G. Z. Perlshtein, G. S. Tipenko. - Large scale satellite image interpretation of tundra permafrost and landscape conditions and assessment of its authenticity (by the example of central part of the Yamal Peninsula) / E. Panchenko. - Assessment of landscape resistance in areas along the auto road "cp Vorkutinskaya - cp Yarynskaya" (rep. Komi, YNAO) with calculation of permafrost stability index / E. Panchenko. - New tendencies of frost heave in relation to climate change (on the example of the Nadym station) / O. E. Ponomareva, A. G. Gravis, N. M. Berdnikov. - Effect of alternating temperature on the process of frost weathering / V. Popov. - Climatic variability in Yakutia at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries / Yu. B. Skachkov. - Post-fire dynamics of the thermal state of soils in Central Yakutia / P. N. Skryabin. - Thermal regime of seasonally frozen soils and permafrost in the Baikal-type depressions / I. E. Trofimova, A. I. Shekhovtsov. - Dynamics of cryogenic relief / A. I. Tyurin. - Monitoring of permafrost, active layer and geosystem state in the forest-tundra and southern tundra of Western Siberia / N. G. Ukraintseva, D. S. Drozdov, K. A. Popov, G. V. Matyshak, A. M. Tsarev. - The method of the forecast of variation of temperature conditions of ground, the bases of buildings and constructions in permafrost / A. A. Fedotov, P. V. Hrapov, N. I. Sidnyaev, A. V. Glasko. - Landsliding hazard assesment in typical tundra (central Yamal) / A. V. Khomutov, M. O. Leibman. - Glaciation of siberian mountains as the specific component of cryolithozone - a view from the position of Earth cryiology / V. S. Sheinkman. - Dynamics of temperature states of permafrost on north of West Siberia and Alaska under different climate forecasts / D. G. Shmelev. - Climatic change in western North America during the last 15,000 years: the role of changes in the relative strengths of air masses in producing the changing climates / S. A. Harris. , In kyrill. Schr.

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Die Einstrahlung von Sonnenergie. - 2 Der Wasserdampf in der Atmosphäre. - Luftfeuchte. - Kondensation. - 3 Vertikalbewegung der Luft und Temperaturänderung. - 4 Der Alpenföhn. - 5 Wolkenbildung. - Schichtwolken. - Nebel, Smog und Glatteis. - 6 Die vertikale Temperaturschichtung. - 7 Gewitter. - 8 Niederschlag. - 9 Die Wettersphäre als Teil der Atmosphäre. - 10 Lufdruck und Wind. - 11 Thermisch bedingte Winde. - Land-Seewind-Mechanismus. - Berg-Talwind-Mechanismus. - Das Flurwind-Phänomen (Stadteinfluß). - 12 Isobaren - der Luftdruck in der Wetterkarte. - 13 Corioliskraft und Windrichtung. - 14 Die planetarischen Windsysteme. - Tropische Zirkulation. - Außertropische Zirkulation. - 15 Hoch- und Tiefdruckgebiete. - Entstehung. - Abschwächung. - 16 Wettereinfluß von Hoch- und Tiefdruckgebieten. - Was die Isobaren verraten. - Vertikal- und Horizontalzirkulation im Bereich von Hoch und Tief. - 17 Warm- und Kaltfronten. - 18 Der Werdegang eines Tiefdruckgebietes - die Zyklonenfamilie. - 19 Wettervorgänge beim Durchzug eines Tiefdruckgebietes. - 20 Typische Großwetterlagen über Europa. - 21 Wenn die Kälte von oben einbricht. - 22 Wiederkehrende Witterungen. - 23 Wetter, Witterung und Klima. - Klimaklassifikation. - 24 Die Klimazonen der Erde. - Kombination der globalen Windgürtel. - Charakteristika und regionale Eigenheiten von Klimazonen und Klimatypen. - 25 Chaos in Wetter und Klima - das Problem der Vorhersage. - Glossar. - Sachverzeichnis.

Note: CONTENTS: STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY. - The Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary in Russian Eurasia / Kirill V. Simakov. - Base Olenekian and Base Anisian Sequence Boundaries Produced by Triassic Circumpolar 'Synchronous' Transgressions / Atle Mørk, Alexander Y. Egorov, and Ashton F. Embry. - Mesozoic Stratigraphy of Franz Josef Land Archipelago, Arctic Russia - A Literature Review / Ashton F. Embry. - The Continental Triassic Biostratigraphy of the Timan-North Urals Region from Tetrapod Data / Igor V. Novikov. - Climatic Fluctuations and Other Events in the Mesozoic for the Siberian Arctic / Viktor A. Zakharov. - Lower Triassic Vertebrates from the North of Central Siberia / Michael A. Shishkin. - The Use of Parallel Bizonal Scales for Refined Correlation in the Jurassic of the Boreal Realm / Boris L. Nikitenko and Boris N. Shurygin. - Lower Toarcian Black Shales and Pliensbachian-Toarcian Crisis of the Biota of Siberian Paleoseas / Boris L. Nikitenko and Boris N. Shurygin. - Earliest Tertiary Cenozoic Paleogeography of the Arctic Ocean / Louie Marincovich, Jr. - Comparative Geology of Northern Chukotka and the Northern Canadian Cordillera / Yuri M. Bychkov and M. E. Gorodinsky. - Paleokarst in the Katakturuk Dolomite (Proterzoic), Northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska / James G. Clough and Mark S. Robinson. - Pre-Mississippian Rocks in the Clarence and Malcolm Rivers Area, Alaska, and the Yukon Territory / John S. Kelley, Chester T. Wrucke, and Larry S. Lane. - Correlation of Pre-Carboniferous Carbonate Successions of Northern Alaska / Julie A. Dumoulin and Anita G. Harris. - Depositional Record of a Major Tectonic Transition in Northern Alaska: Middle Devonian to Mississippian Rift-Basin Margin Deposits, Upper Kongakut River Region, Eastern Brooks Range, Alaska / Arlene V. Anderson, Wesley K Wallace, and Charles G. Mull. - Deep-Water Facies of the Lisburne Group, West-Central Brooks Range, Alaska / Julie A. Dumoulin, Anita G. Harris, and Jeanine M. Schmidt. - Conodont Biostratigraphy and Biofacies of the Wahoo Limestone (Carboniferous), Eastern Sadlerochit Mountains, Brooks Range, Alaska / Andrea P. Krumhardt, Anita G. Harris, and Keith F. Watts. - Maastrichtian/Danian(?) Ostracode Assemblages from Northern Alaska: Paleoenvironments and Paleobiogeographic Relations / Elisabeth M. Brouwers and Patrick De Deckker. - Geological and Geochemical Analysis of the Aurora Well, Offshore of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 Area / Arthur C. Banet. - Correlation Study of Selected Exploration Wells from the North Slope and Beaufort Sea, Alaska / Susan M. Banet and James Scherr. - Correlation of the Pennsylvanian-Lower Cretaceous Succession Between Northwest Alaska and Southwest Sverdrup Basin: Implications for Hanna Trough Statigraphy / Ashton F. Embry, Michael B. Mickey, Hideyo Haga, and John H. Wall. - Stratigraphic and Seismic Analyses of Offshore Yakataga Formation Sections, Northeast Gulf of Alaska / Sarah D. Zellers and Martin B. Lagoe. - Statigraphy and Correlation of the Neoproterozoic Shaler Supergroup, Amundsen Basin, Northwestern Canada / Robert H. Rainbird. - Lower Paleozoic T-R Sequence Stratigraphy, Central Canadian Arctic / Tim A. de Freitas, Ulrich Mayr, and J. Christopher Harrison. - Silurian Foredeep and Accretionary Prism in Northern Ellesmere Island: Implications for the Nature of the Ellesmerian Orogeny / Marcia G. Bjørnerud and D. C. Bradley. - Uppermost Albian-Campanian Palynological Biostratigraphy of Axel Heiberg and Ellesmere Islands (Canadian Arctic) / L. Koldo Núñez-Betelu, R. A. MacRae, L. V. Hills, and G.K Muecke. - STRUCTURE AND TECTONICS. - Triangle Zone Model for the Salt-Based Foldbelt in Canada's Arctic Islands / J. Christopher Harrison. - Subsidence Analysis and Tectonic Modeling of the Sverdrup Basin / Randell A. Stephenson, J. Boerstoel, A. F. Embry, and B. D. Rickerts. - Development of a Glaciated Arctic Continental Margin: Exemplified by the Western Margin of Svalbard / Espen S. Andersen, Anders Solheim, and Anders Elverhøi. - Basin Inversion and Thin-Skinned Deformation Associated with the Tertiary Transpressional West Spitsbergen Orogen / Arild Andresen, Steffen C. Burgh, and Pål Haremo. - The Geology of Franz Josef Land Archipelago, Russian Federation / Vitaly D. Dibner. - Triassic Marginal Basins of Northern and Eastern Europe and Evidence for Global Sea-Level Fluctuations / Vladlen R. Lozovsky. - Rift-and-Graben Systems of the Eurasian-Arctic Continental Margin / Edward V. Shipilov and E. V. Senin. - Accretionary History of Northeast Asia / Leonid N. Parfenov. - Paleomagnetism and the Kolyma Structural Loop / David B. Stone, Stephen G. Crumley, and Leonid M. Parfenov. - Major Tectonic Interpretation and Constraints for the New Siberian Islands Region, Russian Arctic / Mikhael K. Kos'ko. - Geology of Wrangel Island Between Chukchi and East Siberian Seas, Northeastern Russia - Excerpts from Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 461 / Mikhael K. Kos'ko, Michael P. Cecile, Victor G. Ganelin, Nikolai V. Khandoshkoy, and Boris G. Lopatin. - Precambrian Rocks in the Anadyr-Koryak Region / Oleg N. Ivanov. - Deep Structure of Mafic - Ultramafic Complexes in the Anadyr - Koryak Region / Yuri Ya. Vashchilov. - Accreted Mesozoic Oceanic Complexes of Koryak Superterrane, Northeastern Russia / Vladimir N. Grigoriev, Kirill A . Krylov, and Sergey D. Sokolov. - Reconnaissance Paleomagnetism of the Olyutorsky Superterrane, NE Russia / Alexander Heiphetz, William Harbert, and Leonid Savostin. - Preliminary Reconniassance Paleomagnetism of Some Late Mesozoic Ophiolites, Kuyul Region, Northern Kayak Superterrane, Russia / Alexander Heiphetz, William Harbert, and Paul Layer. - The Gankuvayam Section, Kuyul Ophiolitic Terrane, as a Type Ophiolitic Section on the Arctic Margin of the Russian Far East / Ivan V. Panchenko. - Tectono-Magmatic Environments Within Continent-to-Ocean Transition Zone of the Northwestern Pacific / Oleg N. Ivanov. - Stratigraphy, Structure, and Origin of the Franklinian, Northeast Chukchi Basin, Arctic Alaska Plate / Kirk W. Sherwood. - Early Tertiary Wrench Faulting in the North Chukchi Basin, Chukchi Sea, Alaska / Richard T. Lothamer. - Apatite Fission-Track Evidence of Episodic Early Cretaceous to Late Tertiary Cooling and Uplift Events, Central Brooks Range, Alaska / John M. Murphy, Paul B. O'Sullivan, and Andrew J. W. Gleadow. - The Cenozoic Structural Evolution of the Northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska / Catherine L. Hanks, Wesley K. Wallace, and Paul O'Sullivan. - Timing of Tertiary Episodes of Cooling in Response to Uplift and Erosion, Northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska / Paul B. O'Sullivan. - GEOPHYSICS OF THE ARCTIC OCEAN BASINS AND MARGINS. - A New Crustal Model of the Lincoln Sea Polar Margin / Malcolm Argyle, David A. Forsyth, Andrew V. Okulitch, and Del Huston. - A New Plate Kinematic Model of Canada Basin Evolution / Larry S. Lane. - The Age of the Amerasia Basin / Ashton F. Embry and James Dixon. - Implications for Canada Basin Development from the Crustal Structure of the Southern Beaufort Sea-MacKenzie Delta Area / Randell A. Stephenson, K. C. Coflin, L. S. Lane, and J. R. Dietrich. - A Preliminary Analysis of Potential Field Data in the Southern Chukchi Sea / Bruce M. Hennan and Susan A. Zerwick. - Seismicity of the Amerasian Arctic Shelf and its Relationship to Tectonic Features / Kazuya Fujita and Boris M. Koz'min. - Generalized Rheological Model of the Lithosphere and Plate Tectonics / Vladimir P. Pan and Y. P. Zmiyensky. - The Arctic Geodynamic System: Its Boundaries, Deep Geology and Structural Evolution / Igor S. Gramberg and Y. E. Pogrebitsky. - QUATERNARY AND MARINE GEOLOGY. - The Quaternary Deposits of the Barents Sea and Valdai Glaciation of the Eurasian Arctic Shelf / Lev R. Merklin, N. N. Dunaev, O. V. Levchenko, and Yu. A. Pavlidis. - Deep Ice Scour and Mass Wasting Features on the Northern Svalbard Insular Shelf and Slope / Norman Z. Cherkis, M. D. Max, A. Midthassel, K. Crane,

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Einleitung. - 1.1 Entwicklung der Sprache FORTRAN 77. - 1.2 Erzeugung von ausführbaren Programmen. - 1.3 Bemerkungen zur Notation. - 2 Programmiertechniken. - 2.1 Programmplanung. - 2.2 Qualitätsanforderungen. - 3 Grundelemente von FORTRAN 77. - 3.1 Grundsymbole und Bezeichner. - 3.2 Aufbau eines FORTRAN 77-Programms. - 3.2.1 Aufbau einer Programmeinheit. - 3.2.2 Codierung einer Programmzeile. - 3.2.3 Beispiele zu den einzelnen Zeilenarten. - 3.3 Die Standardtypen. - 3.3.1 Der Standardtyp INTEGER. - 3.3.2 Der Standardtyp REAL. - 3.3.3 Der Standardtyp DOUBLE PRECISION. - 3.3.4 Der Standardtyp COMPLEX. - 3.3.5 Der Standardtyp LOGICAL. - 3.3.6 Der Standardtyp CHARACTER. - 3.3.7 Der Zeichenkettentyp. - 3.4 Variablen der Standardtypen. - 3.4.1 Vorbemerkungen. - 3.4.2 Vereinbarungen. - 3.4.3 Typ Vereinbarungen. - 3.4.4 Konstantendefinitionen. - 3.4.5 Vereinbarung von Feldern. - 3.5 Ausdrücke in den Standardtypen. - 3.5.1 Allgemeine Regeln zur Formelauswertung. - 3.5.2 Arithmetischer Ausdruck. - 3.5.3 Logischer Ausdruck. - 3.5.4 Zeichenkettenausdruck. - 3.5.5 Einschränkungen für die Standardfunktionen. - 3.5.6 Beispiel zur Darstellung von Ausdrücken. - 4 Elementare Anweisungen. - 4.1 Statisches und dynamisches Programmende. - 4.2 Wertzuweisungen. - 4.3 Bedingte Anweisungen. - 4.3.1 Die logische IF-Anweisung. - 4.3.2 Die Block-IF-Anweisung. - 4.4 Sprunganweisungen. - 4.4.1 Einfache Sprunganweisung. - 4.4.2 Arithmetische IF-Anweisung. - 4.4.3 Berechnete Sprunganweisung. - 4.4.4 Gesetzte Sprunganweisung. - 4.4.5 Markenzuweisung. - 4.5 Ein-/Ausgabeanweisungen. - 4.5.1 Die READ-Anweisung. - 4.5.2 Die WRITE-Anweisung. - 4.5.3 Die PRINT-Anweisung. - 4.6 Schleifen. - 4.7 Programmbeispiele. - 4.7.1 Elektrischer Widerstand eines Leiters. - 4.7.2 Impedanz einer RL-Reihenschaltung. - 4.7.3 Reihenentwicklung einer Funktion. - 4.7.4 Berechnung der Zahl e. - 4.7.5 Lösung einer quadratischen Gleichung. - 4.7.6 Berechnungen zum schiefen Wurf. - 5 Unterprogramme. - 5.1 Formelfunktionen. - 5.2 Functions. - 5.3 Subroutines. - 5.4 Bemerkungen zur Unterprogrammtechnik. - 6 Ein-/Ausgabeformate. - 6.1 Formate für numerische Daten. - 6.1.1 Formate für Variablen vom Typ INTEGER. - 6.1.2 Formate für Festpunktdarstellung. - 6.1.3 Formate für Gleitpunktdarstellung. - 6.1.4 Formate für normierte Festpunktdarstellung. - 6.1.5 Formate für Variablen vom Typ COMPLEX. - 6.2 Formate für nichtnumerische Daten. - 6.2.1 Formate für Variablen vom Typ LOGICAL. - 6.2.2 Formate für Zeichenketten. - 6.2.3 Weitere Formatierungsmöglichkeiten. - 6.3 Hinweise zu den Formatvereinbarungen. - 7 Speicherplatzverwaltung. - 7.1 Grundüberlegungen. - 7.2 Datenaustausch. - 7.3 Initialisierung von Variablen. - 7.3.1 Die DATA-Anweisung. - 7.3.2 BLOCK DATA-Programmeinheiten. - 8 Dateiverwaltung. - 8.1 Zugriff auf externe Dateien. - 8.2 Die OPEN-Anweisung. - 8.3 Die CLOSE-Anweisung. - 8.4 Schreiben und Lesen von externen Dateien. - 8.5 Positionierung sequentieller Dateien. - 8.6 Ermitteln von Dateieigenschaften. - 8.7 Interne Dateien. - 9 Ergänzungen zur Programmierung. - 9.1 Spracherweiterungen. - 9.1.1 Strukturanweisungen. - 9.1.2 Erweiterte Vereinbarungen. - 9.1.3 Sonstige Erweiterungen. - 9.1.4 Zusätzliche Functions. - 9.1.5 Zusätzliche Subroutines. - 9.2 Geplante Spracherweiterungen. - 9.3 Häufige Fehler. - 9.3.1 Fehlermeldungen des Compilers. - 9.3.2 Fehlermeldungen des Betriebssystems. - 9.4 Änderungen zu FORTRAN IV. - A Ausgewählte Beispiele. - A.1 Inversion einer Zeichenkette. - A.2 Häufigkeit eines Zeichens. - A.3 Dateistatistik. - A.4 Umwandlung von Zeichenfolgen. - A.5 Darstellung eines Funktionsgraphen. - A.6 Numerische Integration. - A.7 Sprungantwort eines PID-Reglers. - B Übersicht über die FORTRAN 77-Anweisungen.

Note: Groningen, Univ., Diss., 1983 , CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION. - CHAPTER 1. ANALYTICAL AND PREPARATIVE TECHNIQUES. - 1.1. Introduction. - 1.2. Isotope mass spectrometry of H, O and C. - 1.2.1. 2H analysis of H2. - 1.2.2. 18O and 13C analysis of CO2. - 1.3. Preparation of H2 from H2O and organic compounds. - 1.3.1. Combustion and reduction system. - 1.3.1.1. Automated vacuum taps. - 1.3.1.2. Automated cold trap. - 1.3.1.3. Automated combustion. - 1.3.1,4, Membrane pump. - 1.3.2. Performance and results. - 1.3.2.1. H2O samples. - 1.3.2.1. Organic samples. - 1.4. Preparation of CO2 from H2O and organic compounds. - 1.4.1. Introduction. - 1.4.2. Review of the available methods for extracting oxygen. - 1.4.3. Sealed nickel tube pyrolysis. - 1.4.3.1. Principle. - 1.4.3.2. Realization. - 1.4.3.3. Technical details. - 1.4.3.4. Results and calibration. - 1.4.3.5. 18O analysis of some organic pounds 1.4.3.5. δ2H of hydrogen produced by the SNTP method. - 1.5. Preparation of carbon dioxide for 13C analysis. - 1.6. Separation of cellulose from wood and peat. - 1.6.1. Introduction. - 1.6.2. Separation of cellulose from wood. - 1.6.3. Separation of cellulose from peat. - 1.6.4 Nitration and drying of cellulose. - CHAPTER 2. 18O FRACTIONATION BETWEEN CO2 AND H2O. - 2.1. Introduction. - 2.2. 18O analysis of H2O. - 2.3. Equilibration with CO2. - 2.4. Mass spectrometric analyses. - 2.5. Results anddiscussion. - CHAPTER 3. FACTORS AFFECTING THE 2H/1H AND 18O/16O RATIO OF PLANT CELLULOSE. - 3.1. Survey of factors affecting the 2H/1H and 18O/16O ratio. - 3.2. Isotopic composition of precipitation. - 3.3. Leaf-water isotopic enrichment. - 3.3.1. Theoretical. - 3.3.2. Measurement of leaf-water enrichment. - 3.3.2.1. Trees. - 3.3.2.2. Bog plants. - 3.4. Biochemical fractionation. - CHAPTER 4. 2H, 18O AND 13C VARIATIONS IN TREE RINGS. - 4.1. Introduction. - 4.2. Methods and material. - 4.3. Results and discussion. - 4.3.1. Intra-ring variations. - 4.3.1.1. Late wood. - 4.3.1.2. Differences between early wood and late wood. - 4.3.2. Inter-ring variations. - CHAPTER 5. 2H, 18O AND 13C VARIATIONS IN PEAT. - 5.1. Introduction. - 5.2. δ2H, δ18O and δ13C values of bog plants. - 5.2.1. Material and method. - 5.2.2. δ18O and δ2H. - 5.2.3. δ13C 5.3. Engbertsdijksveen I. - 5.3. Introduction. - 5.3.2. Description of the local vegetational succession. - 5.3.3. Cellulose preparation. - 5.3.4. The δ2H and δ18O record. - 5.4. Engbertsdijksveen VII. - 5.4.1. Introduction. - 5.4.2. Description of the local vegetational succession. - 5.4.3. The δ2H and δ18O record. - 5.4.4. The δ13C record. - 5.5. Comparison between Engbertsdijksveen I and VII. - 5.6. Conclusions. - Appendix. - REFERENCES. - SUMMARY. - SAMENVATTING. - ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS: Predislovie. - Problems of absolute chronology and correlation of the Pleistocene glaciations in Gorny Altai / A. R. Agatova, R. K. Nepop. - Ecological and geomorphological consequences of mineral deposits development in conditions of the arid zone of Kazakhstan / K. M. Akpambetova. - Forming conditions of bottom sediments of Prokopievskoe Lake (Northern Karelia) according to the diatoms data / A. N. Alekseeva, O. P. Korsakova. - Lithostratigraphy of the quaternary deep sea sediments / T. N. Alekseeva, V. N. Sval'nov. - Climatic records from sediments of Elgygytgyn Lake (Polar Chukotka) / P. M. Anderson, A. V. Lozhkin. - First records of environmental change from lake sediments of the Kuril Archipelago / P. M. Anderson, A. V. Lozhkin, P. S. Minuyk, A. Yu. Pakhomov, T. B. Solomatkina, M. V. Cherepanova. - Late Pliocene / early Pliocene environments of the North-Eastern Siberian Arctic inferred from Lake El'gygytgyn pollen record / A. A. Andreev, M. Melles, V. Wennrich, J. Brigham-Grette. - The middle Neopleistocene of the Timan-Pechora-Vychegda Region / L. N. Andreicheva. - Kargian megainterstadial of the Prebaikalia: geochronology and paleogeography / Kh. A. Arslanov, N. E. Berdnikova, S. B. Chernov, G. A. Vorobioba, I. V. Enuschenko, D. V. Kobylkin, R. E. Maksimov, Yu. V. Ryzhov, A. A. Starikova. - The human and environment of Southeast Baltic on the boundary of the Pleistocene and the Holocene / Kh. A. Arslanov, O. A. Druzhinina, M. A. Kulkova, T. V. Sapelko, D. A. Subetto, I. N. Skhodnov. - Age of soil-pyroclastic sequences and chronology of volcanic activity on Matua Island (Central Kurils) during the Holocene / Kh. A. Arslanov, I. V. Melekestsev, N. G. Razjigaeva, A. V. Degterev, A. V. Rybin. - Summary of the Upper Pleistocene correlations in the Russian North / V. I. Astakhov. - Holocene climatic events in Amur River Basin and their correlation / V. B. Bazarova, L. M. Mokhova, T. A. Grebennikova. - About a western boundary of Dnieper glaciation on the southern east-european platform / M. Bargl. - On the causes of two most significant events of the Holocene / A. A. Barenbaum. - On the issue of the construction of the quaternary stratigraphy scale and frequency of the meteoric impacts / A. A. Barenbaum. - Stratigraphy of the sediments from the Mendeleev Rise, (Central Arctic Ocean), based on benthic foraminifera and ostracoda / V. A. Basov, N. V. Kupriyanova, E. S. Novikhina. - Paleosecular geomagnetic variations and late Weichselian Holocene magnetochronology in N-W Russia / V. G. Bakhmutov. - Biostratigraphy of sediments middle and late Holocene in the basin downstream Ussuri / P. S. Belyanin. - The palynology characteristic of loess loam sediments of Ussuri-Khankarazdolnaya depression in the middle and late Neopleistocene / P. S. Belyanin, N. I. Belyanina. - Glacio-marine deposits on the Northern Prinze Charls Mountains (East Antarctica) / A. S. Birjukov, M. S. Egorov. - Features of environmental and climatic changes in the Northern Caspian Sea Region and Caspian Sea Level fluctuations controlled by climate during the Holocene / N. S. Bolikhovskaya. - "Milankovitch Theory" - What does it mean? / V. A. Bolshakov. - MIS 11 problem and supposed 400-kyr Pleistocene climate cycle / V. A. Bolshakov, I. A. Karevskaya. - Sedimentation in the Kamennoe Lake (Kanin Peninsula) and climate changes during the Holocene according to the lake sediments / D. Yu. Bolshiyanov, P. S. Vakhrameeva, G. B. Fedorov, N. A. Bakunov, T. V. Sapelko, A. V. Ludikova, A. S. Makarov, M. V. Pavlov. - Relief and quaternary deposits of the South-Eastern Part of Taimyr Peninsula / D. Yu. Bolshiyanov, G. B. Fedorov, A. V. Krylov, Kh. A. Arslanov, J. Tide. - Last glaciation of the Russian Arctic / B. A. Borisov, E. A. Minina. - Short-term landscape and climatic oscillations in the late glacial: the main steps, results and future prospects of research / O. K. Borisova. - Late Quaternary Plankton biostratigraphy in the Knipovich Ridge Area (North Atlantic) / M. E. Bylinskaya, L. A. Golovina, E. P. Radionova. - Palaeolimnological investigations in the Laptev Sea Region / P. S. Vakhrameeva, D. A. Subetto, B. Diekmann, B. Biskaborn, L. Heinecke, G. Muller. - Strucute and genesis of Gorodok elevation in North-East Belarus / A. Vashkov. - Present problems in the Quaternary (Postapsheronskii) stratigraphy and geochronology of the Caspian Sea Sediments / S. S. Veliev, E. N. Tagieva. - Problem of paleogeography of East Europe in late Pliocene and early Pleistocene / A. A. Velichko, V. V. Pisareva, M. A. Faustova. - Regularities of modern relief organization of Kolyma lowland tundra landscapes (Northeast Siberia) - Remote sensing and GIS Studies / A. A. Veremeeva. - The joint German-Russian Polygon Project - Environmental studies in East Siberian Tundra wetlands / S. Wetterich, A. Bobrov, U. Herzschuh, H. Joosten, L. Pestryakova, E.-M. Pfeijfer, L. Kutzbach, L. Schirrmeister, D. Subetto, V. Tumskoy. - Interglacial environments of Oyogos Yar (Dmitry Laptev Strait) / S. Wetterich, R. Kienast, S. Kuzmina, A. A. Andreev, L. Nazarova, L. Schirrmeister, V. V. Kunitsky. - Geological significance of section "Ogurtsovo" in district of Novosibirsk / I. A. Volkov, S. P. Kazmin. - Present problems of the Quaternary period stratigraphy of the West and Middle Siberia / V. S. Volkova. - New data on the evolution and age of sediments, enclosing the cultural horizon of middle Paleolithic Site Khotylevo-1 (River Desna Basin) / E. V. Voskresenskaya, L. B. Vishniytskiy, I. S. Zuganova, E. U. Novenko, A. K. Ocherednoy. - The Lake Sedimentogenez and features of the Paleogeography Prihankayskoy depression in Late Cenozoic / T. N. Voskresenskaya. - Relief and loose desposits of the Russian Plain main watershed protected areas in the South-East Onega / A. I. Voskresenskiy, I. S. Voskresenskiy, A. N. Kichigin. - Distribution of cryogenic micro relief in low mountainous massifs of the Kola Peninsula / E. V. Garankina. - Change of landscapes in early Pleistocene histories of East European Plane / N. I. Glushankova. - Some structural and mapping features of water-glacial deposits of the Don horizon / B. V. Glushkov, G. V. Kholmovoy. - Using dem for tasks of Quaternary geology and geomorphology of Siberia / N. V. Glushkova, V. A. Lyamina, I. D. Zolnikov, N. N. Dobretsov, V. P. Afanas'ev, D. A. Samdanov, I. I. Boldirev, S. A. Semenova. - Reference horizons of volcanic ash in Quaternary deposits of the Northern Coast of Okhotsk Sea / O. Yu. Glushkova, V. N. Smirnov. - Problems of the Eopleistocene volumes in the South-Eastern West Siberian Plate in the context of the Quaternary bottom lowering / A. G. Golovina, V. S. Volkova. - An influence of coastal processes on sedimentogenesis in the Tsymlyanskoye reservoir / N. V. Golubova. - Environments during the time of initial human settlement of the Kola Peninsula / I. M. Grekov, E. A. Kosheleva. - Mesostratigraphy of middle- and late valdai loess-like loams as the marker of low-range ecosystematic rearrangements / L. A. Gugalinskaya, V. M. Alifanov. - Relief and quaternary sediments from outer part of East Siberian Sea: new data / E. A. Gusev, A. G. Zinchenko, N. Yu. Anikina, L. G. Derevyanko, V. V. Popov. - The Middle Holocene parastratotype old Kieshki Site and its palaeobotanic characteristic (Southern Foreurals) / G. A. Danukalova, E. G. Lapteva, O. M. Korona. - Results of the Mollusc study of the late Pliocene early Quaternary Novosultanbekovo Site (Southern Foreurals) / G. A. Danukalova, E. M. Osipova. - Natural and anthropogenic factors of formation of chemical composition of sediments of lakes of North Fennoscandia / V. A. Dauvalter, N. A. Kashulin, S. S. Sandimirov. - Difficulties of long-term air temperature time series finding for climatological problems / V. I. Demin. - Diatom complexes changes in academicheskoe lake sediments (Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula) / D. B. Denisov. - Natural features of sedimentogenesis in the lake of the Eastern slope o , In kyrill. Schr. , In engl. und rus. Sprache

Note: Inhalt: Vorwort. - Einleitung. - Der Bau der Pflanzen. - Wurzel. - Sproßachse. - Blatt. - Anhangsgebilde an Sproßachsen und Blättern. - Oberfläche von Sproßachsen, Blättern, Blütenhüllen, Früchten und Samen. - Blütenstand. - Blüte. - Frucht. - Samen. - Besondere Bezeichnungen bei Gefäß-Sporenpflanzen. - Die Biologie der Pflanzen. - Lebensdauer. - Lebensformen. - Bestäubung. - Verbreitung der Samen; Früchte und Sporen. - Die Geographie der Pflanzen. - Übersicht über die wichtigsten Gruppen der Pflanzengesellschaften. - Ordnung und Benennung der Pflanzen. - Geschützte Pflanzen. - Anleitung zum Bestimmen. - Tabellen zum Bestimmen. - Tabelle zum Bestimmen der Hauptgruppen. - Tabelle I Pflanzen ohne Blüten (Sporenpflanzen). - Tabelle II Nacktsamige Pflanzen. - Tabelle III Einkeimblättrige Pflanzen. - Tabelle IV Zweikeimblättrige Pflanzen mit einfacher oder fehlender Blütenhülle. - Tabelle V Zweikeimblättrige Pflanzen mit freien Kronblättern. - Tabelle VI Zweikeimblättrige Pflanzen mit verwachsenen Kronblättern. - Tabelle VII Bäume und Sträucher. - Tabelle VIII Tauch- und Schwimmpflanzen. - Tabelle IX Pflanzen zur Blütezeit ohne grüne Blätter. - Abteilung Gefäß-Sporenpflanzen - Pteridophyta. - Abteilung Samenpflanzen - Spermatophyta. - Anhang. - Autorenverzeichnis. - Übersicht über das System. - Register der deutschen Pflanzennamen. - Register der wissenschaftlichen Pflanzennamen. - Erklärung der Abkürzungen auf den Vorsatzblättern.

Note: CONTENTS: Preface. - Dedication. - List of Contributors. - 1. Exine ultrastructure in the spores of enigmatic Devonian plants: its bearing on the interpretation of relationships and on the origin of the sporophyte / A. R. Hemsley. - 2. A review of Mesozoic megaspore ultrastructure / W. L. Kovach. - 3. Tests and applications of a method of quantitative analysis of fossil and extant lycopsid megaspore walls / W. A. Taylor. - 4. Exospore ultrastructure in Carboniferous sphenopsids / B. Lugardon and C. Brousmiche Delcambre. - 5. Comparative ultrastructure of living and fossil matoniaceous spores (Pteridophyta) / J. H. A. Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert and M.H. Kurmann. - 6. Ultrastructure of Teickertospora torquata (Higgs) from the Late Devonian: oldest saccate palynomorph / C. B. Foster and B.E. Balme. - 7. Comparative ultrastructure of fossil gymnosperm pollen and its phylogenetic implications / J. M. Osborn and T. N. Taylor . - 8. Pollen morphological diversity in extant and fossil gymnosperms / M. H. Kurmann and M. S. Zavada. - 9. Ultrastructure of pollen from Cretaceous angiosperm reproductive structures / K. R. Pedersen, E. M. Friis and P. R. Crane. - 10. Ultrastructure and relationships of mid-Cretaceous polyforate and triporate pollen from Northern Gondwana / J. V. Ward and J. A. Doyle. - 11. Pollen ultrastructure of Pandanaceae and the fossil genus Pandaniidites / C. L. Hotton, H. A. Leffingwell and J. J. Skvarla. - 12. Relationship between Propylipollis annularis (Tertiary dispersed pollen) and extant Xylomelum (Proteaceae) / L. A. Milne. - Taxonomic Index.

Note: Zugl.: Karlsruhe, Univ., Diss., 1991 , INHALT: KURZFASSUNG. - VORWORT. - ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS. - TABELLENVERZEICHNIS. - 1. EINFÜHRUNG. - 1.1. Problemstellung. - 1.2. Stand der Forschung. - 2. THEORETISCHE GRUNDLAGEN. - 2.1. Stofftransport in porösen Medien. - 2.1.1. Hydrodynamische Prozesse. - 2.1.2. Physikalische, chemische und biologische Prozesse. - 2.2. Mathematisches Konzept bei Auswertung von Tracertransportvorgängen. - 3. VERSUCHSFELD "BÖCKINGER WIESEN". - 3.1. Hydrogeologische Rahmenbedingungen. - 3.1.1. Beschreibung der Grundwasserleiter. - 3.1.2. Hydraulische Verhältnisse. - 3.1.3. Hydrologische Bedingungen. - 3.2. Messnetz, Betriebszustände und Untersuchungsumfang. - 4. HYDROCHEMISCHE CHARAKTERISIERUNG DES UFERFILTRATIONSSYSTEMES. - 4.1. Grundwassertypen. - 4.2. Regionale und saisonale Variation in der Grundwasserbeschaffenheit. - 4.2.1. lnfiltrationsbedingungen. - 4.2.1.1. Regionaler Einflußbereich der Uferfiltration. - 4.2.1.2. Saisonale Schwankungen. - 4.2.1.3. Hydrochemische Veränderungen bei der Untergrundpassage. - 4.2.2. Hochwasserereignisse. - 4.2.3. Exfiltrationsverhältnisse. - 4.3. Generelles Schadstoffverteilungsmuster. - 4.4. Uferfiltratanteil. - 4.5. Mittlere Verweilzeit. - 5. EINSATZ REAKTIVER REFERENZTRACER ZUR SCHADSTOFFSIMULATION - LABORVERSUCHE. - 5.1. Materialien und experimentelle Methodik. - 5.1.1. Übersicht über die untersuchten Substanzen. - 5.1.2. Nachweismethodik. - 5.1.3. Versuchsanlagen. - 5.1.3.1. Aufbau der Durchlaufsäulenversuche. - 5.1.3.2. Beschreibung der Säulenfüllung. - 5.1.3.3. Charakterisierung der Durchströmungsflüssigkeit. - 5.1.3.4. Auswertung. - 5.2. Ergebnisse. - 5.2.1. Deuterium. - 5.2.2. Migrationsparameter der reaktiven Tracer. - 5.2.3. Reaktive Tracer im Vergleich zu ausgewählten Schwermetallen. - 5.2.4. Reaktive Tracer im Vergleich zu anionischen Tensiden. - 6. IN SITU VERSUCHE ZUR SCHADSTOFFSIMULATION. - 6.1. Markierungsversuch mit Eosin (1987). - 6.1.1. Durchführung. - 6.1.2. Eosinausbreitung im Testfeld. - 6.1.3. Migrationsparameter für Eosin im Vergleich zu dem idealen Tracer 18O. - 6.1.3.1. Mittlere Fließgeschwindigkeiten und scheinbare Dispersivitäten. - 6.1.3.2. Retardationstaktoren. - 6.2. Kombinierter Markierungsversuch (1988). - 6.2.1. Eingabe, Beprobungintervalle und Untersuchungsmethodik. - 6.2.2. Tracernachweise im Pumpbrunnen H. - 6.2.3. Migrationsverhalten von Pyranin, Naphthionat und Lithium (Eingabestelle 3054) im gesamten Testfeld. - 6.2.3.1. Tracerausbreitung. - 6.2.3.2. Migrationsparameter. - 6.2.3.3. Anmerkungen zum mathematischen Auswertekonzept. - 6.2.4. Uraninnachweis in den Grundwasserbeobachtungsstellen (Eingabestelle 3081). - 6.2.4.1. Regionale Verteilung im Testfeld. - 6.2.4.2. Fließzeiten, Dispersivitäten und Retardationstaktoren. - 6.3. Zusammenfassende Bewertung der Markierungsversuche. - 7. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG. - 8. LITERATURVERZEICHNIS.

Note: Zugl.: Göttingen, Univ., Diss., 1990 , Inhaltsverzeichnis: I Verzeichnis der Abbildungen. - II Verzeichnis der Tabellen. - III Anhangsverzeichnis. - IV Anlagenverzeichnis. - 1 Einleitung. - 2 Die natürlichen Gegebenheiten. - 2.1 Die Lage. - 2.2 Klima. - 2.3 Geologie und Tektonik. - 2.4 Böden 2.5 Vegetation. - 3 Zur Landschaftsgeschichte des Untersuchungsgebietes. - 3.1 Morphodynamik des Hügel-Terrassen-Reliefs. - 3.1.1 Die Entstehung der Terrassenfolge. - 3.1.2 Morphadynamischer Zyklus im Bereich des Terrassenreliefs. - 3.1.3 Morphadynamischer Zyklus im Bereich des Hügelreliefs. - 3.2 Beschreibung der Reliefelemente. - 3.3 Versuch einer landschaftsgeschichtlichen Deutung. - 3.3.1 Zeitvorstellungen. - 4 Methodik. - 4.1 Die geomorphologische Karte. - 4.1.1 Transekte und Bodenprofile. - 4.2 Rodenanalysen. - 4.3 Ergebnisse. - 4.3.1 Die HCl-Reaktion. - 4.1.2 pH-Wert. - 4.3.3 CaCO3. - 4.4.4 C-Gehalt. - 4.4.5 N-Gehalt. - 4.4.6 Textur. - 5 Bodenklassifikation. - 5.1 Die Bodeneinheiten und Subeinheiten. - 5.2 Beschreibung und Verbreitung der Bodeneinheiten. - 5.2.1 Fluvisols. - 5.2.1.1 Calcaric Fluvisols. - 5.2.2 Regosols. - 5.2.2.1 Calcaric Regosols. - 5.2.2.2 Eutric Regosols. - 5.2.3 Leptasols. - 5.2.3.1 Rendzic Leptasols. - 5.2.3.2 Mollic Leptasols. - 5.2.3.3 Eutric Leptasols. - 5.2.4 Kastanozems. - 5.2.4.1 Verti-Calcic Kastanozems. - 5.2.4.2 Rubbi-Haplic Kastanozems. - 5.2.4.3 Haplic Kastanozems. - 5.2.5 Chernozems. - 5.2.5.1 Verti-Haplic Chernozems. - 5.2.5.2 Verti-Calcic Chernozems. - 5.2.5.3 Haplic Chernozems. - 5.2.6 Vertisols. - 5.2.6.1 Calcic Vertisols. - 5.3 Bodenmorphologie. - 6 Darstellung der untersuchten Transekte. - 6.1 Einleitung. - 6.2 Transektbeschreibungen. - 6.2.1 Transekt 8 'San Rafael'. - 6.2.2 Transekt 7 'Ojo de Agua'. - 6.2.3 Transekt 5 'El Mirador'. - 6.2.4 Transekt 1 'Microondas'. - 6.2.5 Transekt 10 'El Terreno'. - 6.2.6 Transekt 4 'Emiliano Zapata'. - 6.2.7 Transekt 3 'San Angel'. - 6.2.8 Transekt 9 "La Petaca-Guadalupe'. - 7 Die Verbreitung der Bodentypen anhand der geomorphologischen Karte. - 7.1 Einleitung. - 7.2 Die geomorphologischen Einheiten und ihre Bodenvergesellschaftungen. - 7.2.1 Die Vergesellschaftung im Kolinar C3 7.2.2 Die Vergesellschaftung im Kolinar C2. - 7.2.3 Die Vergesellschaftung im Kolinar C1 7.2.4 Die Vergesellschaftung auf der T5 Terrasse. - 7.2.5 Die Vergesellschaftung auf der T4 Terrasse. - 7.2.6 Die Vergesellschaftung auf der T3 Terrasse. - 7.2.7 Die Vergesellschaftung auf der T2 Terrasse. - 7.2.8 Die Vergesellschaftung auf der T1 Terrasse. - 8 Diskussion und Schlußfolgerungen. - 8.1 Vorstellungen von der regionalen Landschaftsgeschichte. - 8.2 Entstehung von Caliche-Schotterterrassen. - 8.2.1 Die Verbreitung von Caliche-Schotterterrassen. - 8.2.2 Entstehung von mit Caliche verhärteten Schotterterrassen. - 8.2.3 Versuch einer Deutung der calichierten Schotterterrassen. - 8.3 Komplex: Terrassen-Caliche-Klima. - 8.3.1 Paläoklimatische Hypothesen für Nordmexiko und S-USA. - 8.3.2 Deutung der Befunde in der Region anhand der klimatischen Hypothesen. - 8.4 Bodengenese. - 8.5 Bodenklassifikation und einheimische Bodenbezeichnungen. - 8.6 Die Landschaftstypen in der Region. - 9 Zusammenfassung. - 10 Literaturverzeichnis. - Anhang.

Note: Kassel, Gesamthochsch., Diss., 1993 , Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Einleitung und Problemstellung. - 2 Ökologie der Algen. - 2.1 Lebensraum. - 2.1.1 Wasser. - 2.1.2 Litoral. - 2.1.3 Luft. - 2.1.4 Boden. - 2.1.5 Technische Systeme. - 2.2 Algen als aktive Veränderer ihres Biotops. - 2.2.1 Eutrophierung. - 2.2.2 Algenausscheidungen. - 3 Selbstregulierende Entsorgungsysteme. - 3.1 Natürliche Selbstreinigungsvorgänge. - 3.1.1 Technische Nutzung von Selbstreinigungsvorgängen. - 3.2 Nutzung von Algen in der Abwasserreinigung. - 3.3 Biologische Wasseranalyse. - 3.3.1 Algen als Indikatoren der organischen Belastung. - 4 Material und Methoden. - 4.1 Auswahl der untersuchten Anlagen. - 4.1.1 Anlagenbeschreibung. - 4.2 Beprobungszeit und Probenahmestellen. - 4.2.1 Beprobungstermine. - 4.2.2 Bezeichnung der Probenahmestellen. - 4.3 Untersuchungsmethoden. - 4.3.1 Algenproben. - 4.3.1.1 Algenkulturen. - 4.3.1.2 Artenbestimmung. - 4.3.2 Bodenproben. - 4.3.3 Abwasserproben. - 5 Die Algenvegetation der untersuchten Anlagen. - 5.1 Wurzelraumanlage in Vlotho (A). - 5.2 Versuchsanlage Witzenhausen (B). - 5.3 Wurzelraumanlage in Bünde (C). - 5.4 Anlage Beberbeck (D). - 5.5 Sonstige Biotope. - 6 Veränderung der Algenzönosen entlang der Entsorgungskette. - 6.1 Artendiversität entlang der Entsorgungskette. - 6.1.1 Anlage Vlotho. - 6.1.2 Anlage Witzenhausen. - 6.1.3 Anlage Bünde. - 6.1.4 Anlage Beberbeck. - 6.2 Änderungen durch die technische Ausführung des Biotops. - 6.2.1 Anlage Vlotho. - 6.2.1.1 Ablaufbereich Vlotho. - 6.2.2 Anlage Bünde. - 6.2.2.1 Zulaufbereich Bünde. - 6.2.2.2 Ablaufbereich Bünde. - 6.2.3 Anlage Beberbeck. - 6.2.3.1 Zulaufbereich Beberbeck. - 6.2.3.2 Ablaufbereich Beberbeck. - 7 Vergleich der Teilbiotope ähnlicher technischer Ausführung. - 7.1 Anlagenbeete. - 7.1.1 Bodenalgenkulturen. - 7.1.1.1 Einfluß der organischen Belastung auf die Bodenalgenflora. - 7.1.1.2 Einfluß der Beprobungstiefe auf die Bodenalgenflora. - 7.1.2 Beetoberflächen. - 7.1.2.1 Einfluß der organischen Belastung auf die Algenflora des Beetezulaufes. - 7.2 Offene Wasserkörper. - 7.2.1 Fließwasserstrecken. - 7.2.2 Stehende Wasserkörper. - 8 Ökologische Ansprüche der gefundenen Algenarten. - 8.1 Auswirkungen der organischen Belastung und der technischen Parameter auf die Algenflora. - 8.2 Einschätzung von Leistungen der Algen in Kläranlagen. - 9 Zusammenfassung. - 10 Literaturverzeichnis. - 11 Anhang. - Anhang 1 - Schematische Fließdiagramme der Anlagen A-D. - Anhang 2 - Darstellung der gefundenen Algenarten. - Anhang 3 - Tabellenverzeichnis. - Anhang 4 - Abbildungsverzeichnis. - Anhang 5 - Photographische Biotop- und Algendarstellung.

Note: Table of Contents: Preface. - 1.0 Introduction. - 2.0 Geo-referenced data base. - 3.0 Polar stereographic elevation grid. - 4.0 Goid grid. - Tables. - Appendix. - References.

Note: Inhalt: Das unüberwindbare Eischaos. - Unterwegs auf dem eigenen Schatten. - Eine Stunde unter Menschen. - Der Blizzard greift an. - Frische Eisbärenspuren im Eis. - Lebensweg eines Abenteurers. - Begegnung im Nirgendwo. - Die Polfalle, Träume und immer wieder das Eislabyrinth. - Knapp am Tod vorbei. - Ein arktisches Rodeo. - Das weiße Tor am Schwarzen Fluß. - Im Zauberkreis des Nordpols.

Note: Contents: Preface: Scientific activity of the Silesian University in the polar regions in 1977-1980. - PAPERS. - Ablation by calving and 20th century recession of glaciers in the Hornsund area (Spitsbergen). Preliminary results / Jacek Jania. - The occurence and origin of coarse crystalline calcite in the carbonate massiffs of Sørkappland (South Spitsbergen) / Łukasz Karwowski, Andrzej Kozik. - Surface run-off dynamics of the basin of the Nordfall Glacier steam (South Spitsbergen) / Jan Leszkiewicz. - Karst springs at the foot of Rasstupet wall in the South Spitsbergen in the investigations from 1978 / Jan Leszkiewicz. - Aeolian activity in the Gås Bay region (South Spitsbergen) / Tadeusz Szczypek. - Geomorphological activity of flowing waters on the Kaffiöyra plain (Spitsbergen) / Kazimierz Sendobry. - Preliminary characteristics of the basins in the vicinity of Henryk Arctowski Station on King George Island (South Shetlands) / Andrzej Kozik. - SCIENTIFIC DOCUMENTATION. - Meteorological investigations in South Spitsbergen in the summer of 1978. Specification / Andrzej Kaminski. - Meteorological materials collected in South Spitsbergen in the summer of 1979. Specification / Andrzej Kaminski. - Preliminary results of hydrological and hydrochemical investigations in Fugleberget basin (SW Spitsbergen) / Wiesława Krawczyk, Marian Pulina. - Karst springs at the foot of the Rasstupet wall. Specification of 1978-1979 / Jan Leszkiewicz, Jerzy Wach, Jan Waga. - Scientific publications from the polar expeditions of the Silesian University. , In polnischer Sprache , Zusammenfassung in englischer und russischer Sprache

Note: Contents: A snow cover in the region of Fiord Hornsund on Spitsbergen / J. Pereyma. - Temperature rations in summer on the Waldemar Glacier and on the Waldemar sea lowland / G. Wójcik, K. Marciniak, R. Przybylak. - Precipitation and evaporation in Werenskiold Glacier district / A. Szczepankiewicz-Szmyrka. - Biometeorological conditions on the Werenskiold Glacier forefield in summer of 1980 / A. Szczepankiewicz-Szmyrka. - Some notes on wind directions in the West Spitsbergen in 1980 / K. Gerstmann. - Radar measurements of the thickness of the Werenskiold Glacier / R. Czajkowski - The analysis of movements of the Werenskiold Glacier based on dating of fossil moss / H. Chmal - Increase in the mass of the firn snow in the glacial amphiteatre of the Penck Glacier in the period 1934 to 1958 / C. Lipert - Some automatic systems to collect and transmission stored data using various radio-links / J. Molski. - Würm and Holocene glaciations of North-Western Sörkappland exemplified by the Slakli Valley, Spitsbergen / P. Kłysz, L. Lindner. - The marine origin of Lisbetdalen mezorelief SW Spitsbergen / W. Stankowski - Raised marine terraces of Kulmstranda North-Western Sörkappland / P. Kłysz, L. Lindner - The geomorphological sketch map of the Gåsdalen region, South Spitsbergen / J. Jania, Z. Lentowicz, T. Szczypek, J. Wach. - Last deglaciation of Treskelen Peninsula, Hornsund, Svalbard / L. Marks. - The recession of Vitkovski Glacier as recorded in its marginal zone / L. Andrzejewski, w. Stankowski. - Degradation processes on the end moraine of the Werenskiold Glacier / J. Cegła, J. Kida. - Studies of the dessication crack on the forefield of the Werenskiold Glacier / J. Cegła. - The beginning and evolution of the marginal outwash on the forefield of the Eliza Glacier / A. Olazewski. K. Sendobry. - Summer thawing of the ground in the Kaffiöyra, SW Spitsbergen / K. Marciniak, W. Szczepanik, R. Przybylak - Morphology and sedimentary environments of the Baszkara ·and Dzankuat Glaciers in the High Kaukas / A. Karczewski, A. Kostrzewski,P. W. Kowalew. - Stratigraphic position and remarks on sedimentation of the Brentskardhaugen Bed, Spitsbergen / A. Wierzbowski, G. Biernat, C. Kulicki. - Some remarks concerning the structure of groups of the bottom fauna of the Admiralty Bay - King George Island, South Shetland / P. Presler, K. Jażdżewski·, W. Jurasz, W. Kittel, J. Siciński. - Biological indexes of the hydrological conditions - observations from Hornsund region, Spitsbergen / J. M. Węsławski. - The habitability of the littoraly rocks in region Steinvika and Hyttevika Bays, Vestspitsbergen / O. Różycki, M. Gruszczynski. - Some aspects of the acoustical estimation of the krill abundance / M. Brzozowska. - Liberation of carbon dioxide from tundra soils / H. Dziadowiec. - Exploration in the Hornsundfiord region / J. Szupryczyński. - , In polnischer Sprache

Note: Contents: Introduction. - Legend. - Chapter 1. Basic Directions of Snow and Ice Thermal Physics Study. - 1. Analysis of traditional theoretical and experimental methods. - 2. New methodological point of view on the thermal physics of snow-ice masses. - 3. Conditions of initial data. - 4. Complex heat transfer within the system "space-atmosphere-earth surface". - 5. Optical and thermophysical properties of snow and ice. - Chapter 2. General Statement of the Problem of Radiative Thermophysics. - 1. Absorption and scattering of light in optical-heterogeneous media. - 2. Optical phenomenological models and parameters of radiation transfer in light-scattering media (LSM). - 3. Distribution of absorbed radiation flux in the unlimited layer of LSM. - 4. Optical models and snow and ice characteristics as LSM ones. - 5. Influence of boundary conditions upon thermal regime of lightscattering snow-ice layer. - 6. Statements of basic problems of radiative thermal physics of snow and ice. - Chapter 3. Thermal Regime of Snow-Ice Cover. - 1. Estimation of heat processes characteristics of snow-ice covers. - 2. Oscillating external sources. - 3. Radiative-conductive mechanism of snow and ice heating. - 4. Thermal regime of combined snow-ice layers. - 5. Melting in snow-ice media under conditions of radiative heat transfer. - 6. Thermo-radiative heating and balance of the upper part of active layer of antarctic snow-ice covers. - Chapter 4. The Model of Metamorphic Evolution of Snow and Ice. - 1. Influence of radiation fluxes upon icy crystals of snow cover. - 2. Mechanism of sublimation under forming of snow cover. - 3. Phenomenological picture of sublimation in snow medium. - 4. The model of radiative-thermal regime under sublimation. - 5. Thermal regime of snow and ice under conditions of evaporation and condensation. - 6. On nature of snow and ice metamorphism. - Chapter 5. Radiative Thermophysics of Snow-Ice Masses in Practical utilization. - 1. Heat regime of snow-ice cover under thermoregulative film. - 2. Influence upon surface melting of glaciers. - 3. Antarctic experiments on artificial increase of ablation. - 4. Artificial increase of ablation control. - 5. Ecological aspects of artificial increase of ablation. - 6. Cooling in polar regions. - Chapter 6. Thermophysics of Antarctic Lakes. - 1. Natural conditions of oases. - 2. Types of antarctic lakes. - 3. One-dimensional heat problem. - 4. Simplification of the model. - 5. Thermal regime of fresh and saline lakes. - 6. Phenomenon of fresh-saline stratified lakes. - 7. Stationary model including mass transfer. - 8. Thermal regime of fresh-saline lake Vanda. - Chapter 7. Space Glaciology. - 1. Ice in Solar system. - 2. Radiative thermophysics of ice under cosmic conditions. - 3. Ice of cometary nuclei. - 4. Heat-balance models of 'radiative thermophysics of cometary nuclei. - Conclusion. - References. - Index. , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Vorwort. - 2. Struktur und Entwicklung der Antarktischen Platte. - 2.1. Generelle Kennzeichnung der Antarktischen Platte. - 2.2. Tripelpunkte. - 2.2.1. Bouvet-Tripelpunkt. - 2.2.2. Indik-Tripelpunkt. - 2.2.3. Macquarie-Tripelpunkt. - 2.2.4. Osterinsel-Tripelpunkt. - 2.3. Plattengrenzen und Plattenfelder. - 2.3.1. Bouvet-Indik-Feld. - 2.3.1.1. Ausbildung der Plattengrenze. - 2.3.1.2. Anomale Entwicklung südlich der Agulhas-Bruchzone. - 2.3.1.3. Inseln und submarine Plateaus im südlichen Indik. - 2.3.2. Indik-Macquarie-Feld. - 2.3.3. Macquarie-Osterinsel-Feld. - 2.3.3.1. Ausbildung der Plattengrenze. - 2.3.3.2. Sandwich- und Scotia-Platte. - 2.3.4.3. Beziehungen zwischen Südamerika und Antarktika und das Problem der Antarktischen Halbinsel. - 2.3.4.4. Weddellbecken. - 2.3.4.5. "Drake-Platte". - 2.3.4.6. Plattentektonische Entwicklung des Südostpazifiks. - 2.4. Überblick über den Werdegang der südhemisphärischen Ozeangebiete und den Ablauf des Gondwanazerfalls. - 3. Zur Bedeutung der Krustenentwicklung für Paläoozeanlogie und Paläoklimatologie. - 3.1. Einige Kennzeichen der ozeanologischen Situation in den antarktischen Meeresgebieten. - 3.2. Kriterien für Veränderungen der paläoozeanologischen und paläoklimatologischen Verhältnisse im Hinblick auf die paläotektonische Interpretation. - 3.3. Abriß der paläoozeanologisch-paläoklimatologischen Entwicklung im Känozoikum und mögliche Zusammenhänge mit dem tektonischen Geschehen. - 4. Zusammenfassung. - 5. Literaturverzeichnis. - 6. Abbildungsverzeichnis. -

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Vorwort. - 1. Gletscherrückgang – eine dramatische Folgereaktion des Klimawandels in den Alpen. - 2. Methoden der Gletscherforschung. - 3. Einflussfaktoren auf die Entwicklung von Gletschern in den Alpen. - 4. Bedeutung der Alpengletscher im Wasserkreislauf. - 5. Gletscher in Bayern heute – eine Bestandsaufnahme. - Nördlicher Schneeferner. - Südlicher Schneeferner. - Höllentalferner. - Watzmanngletscher. - Blaueis. - 6. Entwicklung der Gletscher in Bayern. - Historische Aufzeichnungen seit dem 18. Jahrhundert. - Systematische Erfassung der bayerischen Gletscher ab 1950. - Ausblick in die Zukunft der bayerischen Gletscher. - 7. Ein Blick nach Europa: Haben die Gletscher der Alpen eine Zukunft?. - Alpengletscher im Überblick. - Schweizer Alpengletscher. - Österreichische Alpengletscher. - Zusammenfassung. - Glossar. - Fachliteratur und Quellen. - Allgemeine Literatur zum Thema Gletscher. - Internetquellen. - Impressum.

Note: Contents: 1. Introduction. - 2. Background. - 2.1. Polar research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - 2.2. Previous research at "Georg von Neumayer". - 3. Reasons for a replacement station. - 4. Plans for the removal of "Georg von Neumayer". - 5. The new research station "Neumayer". - 5.1. Building operation. - 5.1.1. Planned construction site and operational phase. - 5.1.2. Supply vessel, building machinery and fuel. - 5.1.3. Building camp and waste management. - 5.2. Description of the new station. - 5.2.1. Station design. - 5.2.2. Energy generation and fuel storage. - 5.2.3. Waste management. - 5.2.4. Alternative energy. - 6. Description of the environment. - 6.1. Regional characteristics. - 6.2. Characteristics of Atka Bay. - 6.2.1. Physical conditions. - 6.2.2. Biological conditions. - 7. Consideration of potential environmental impacts. - 7.1. Building operation. - 7.2. Future operation of the station. - 8. Conclusion. - 9. References.

Note: Contents Preface Curriculum Vitae List of Publications by Horst Lange-Bertalot Bahls, L.: Seven new species in Navicula sensu stricto from the Northern Great Plains and Northern Rocky Mountains. Blanco, S., B. Van de Vijver, A. Vinocur, G. Mataloni, J. Goma, M. H. Novais & L. Ector: Hippodonta lange-bertalotii Van de Vijver, Mataloni & Vinocur sp. nov. and related small-celled Hippodonta taxa. Burliga, A. L. & J. P. Kociolek : Four new Eunotia Ehrenberg species (Bacillariophyceae) from pristine regions of Carajas National Forest, Amazonia, Brazil. Cantonati, M., M. Leira, N. Angeli & C. Lopez Rodriguez: Naviculadicta langebertcdotii sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) from streams in Galicia (N-W Spain). Karthick, B., P. B. Hamilton & J. P. Kociolek: Taxonomy and biogeography of some Surirella Turpin (Bacillariophyceae) taxa from Peninsular India. Karthick, B. & Kociolek, J. P.: A new species of Pleurosigma from Western Ghats, South India. Metzeltin, D.: Eunotia langebertalotii, a new species from Lambir Hills National Park in Sarawak, tropical East Malaysia Monnier, O., L. Ector, F. Rimet, M. Ferreol & L. Hoffmann: Adlafia langebertalotii sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), a new diatom from the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg morpho­logically similar to A. suchlandtii comb. nov. Morales, E. A., K. M. Manoylov & L. L. Bahls: Fragilariforma horstii sp. nov. (Ba­cillariophyceae) a new araphid species from the northern United States of America Reichardt, E.: Der Artenkomplex um Gomphonema occultum E. Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot (Bacillariophyceae): Variability und drei neue Arten Stachura-Suchoples, K.: On taxonomy of Pliocaenicus costatus species complex, varieties, demes or/and morphological variability? Trobajo, R., D. G. Mann & E. J. Cox: Studies on the type material of Nitzschia abbreviata (Bacillariophyta) Van de Vijver, B., B. Chattova, D. Metzeltin & M. Lebouvier: The genus Pinnularia (Bacillariophyta) on lie Amsterdam (TAAF, Southern Indian Ocean) Van de Vijver, B., A. Jarlman, M. de Haan & L. Ector: New and interesting diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) from Swedish rivers Williams, D. M.: Diatoma moniliforme: Commentary, relationships and an appropriate name Ake-Castillo, J. A., Y. B. Okolodkov, S. Espinosa-Matias, F. del C. Merino-Virgilio, J. A. Herrera-Silveira & L. Ector: Cyclotella marina (Tanimura, Nagumo et Kato) Ake-Castillo, Okolodkov et Ector comb, et stat. nov. (Thalassiosiraceae): a bloom-forming diatom in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico Belando, M. D., A. Marin & M. Aboal: Licmophora species from a Mediterranean hyper-saline coastal lagoon (Mar Menor, Murcia, SE Spain) Reid, G.: Toxonidea langebertalotii sp. nov. A new marine diatom from the Salvages Islands Riaux-Gobin, C., R Compere, A. Y. Al-Handal & F. Straub: SEM survey of some small-sized Planothidium (Bacillariophyta) from coral sands off Mascarenes. (Western Indian Ocean) Khursevich, G. & Kociolek, J. P.: A preliminary, worldwide inventory of the extinct, freshwater fossil diatoms from the orders Thalassiosirales, Stephanodiscales, Paraliales, Aulacoseirales, Melosirales, Coscindiscales, and Biddulphiales 315 Kulikovskiy, M. S., G. K. Khursevich & A. Witkowski: Encyonema horstii sp. nov., a species of unusual valve outline from the Pleistocene deposits of Lake Baikal Witkowski, J., D. M. Harwood & M. Kulikovskiy: Observations on Late Cretaceous ma­rine diatom resting spore genera Pseudoaulacodiscus and Archaegoniothecium gen. nov. Jasprica, N., M. Caric, F Krsinic, T. Kapetanovic, M. Batistic & J. Njire: Planktonic dia­toms and their environment in the lower Neretva River estuary (Eastern Adriatic Sea, NE Mediterranean) Solak, C. N., L. Ector, A. Z. Wojtal, E. Acs & E. A. Morales: A review of investigations on diatoms (Bacillariophyta) in Turkish inland waters Bak, M. & A. Szlauer-Lukaszewska: Bioindicative potential of diatoms and ostracods in the Odra mouth environment quality assessment Starrat, S. W.: Holocene diatom flora and climate history of Medicine Lake, Northern California, USA. Medlin, L., I. Yang & S. Sato: Evolution of the Diatoms. VII. Four gene Phylogeny as­sesses the validity of celected araphid genera Lang, I. & I. Kaczmarska: Morphological and molecular identity of diatom cells retrieved from ship ballast tanks destined for Vancouver, Canada Buczko, K.: The Pantocsek diatom and photomicrograph collectio n from 19th to 21th cen­tury

Note: lndice: Prólogo The Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring Network - CALM III (2009-2014): Long-term Observations on the Climate-Active Layer-Permafrost System, / Frederick E. Nelson and Nikolay l. Shiklomanov Red de Monitoreo Circumpolar de la Capa Activa - CALM III (2009-2014): Observaciones de Largo Plazo del Sistema "Clima-Capa Activa-Permafrost" / Frederick E. Nelson y Nikolay l. Shiklomanov Colaboração Ibérica no Estudo do Estado Térmico do Permafrost nas ilhas Shetlands do Sul (Antárctica Marítima). Estado actual e perspectivas / Gonçalo Vieira Monitorización dinámica y control térmico en geoformas solifluidales del piso crionival de Sierra Nevada / M. Oliva y A. Gómez Ortiz Inestabilidad de laderas durante el Holoceno en el piso periglaciar actual de Sierra Nevada / M. Oliva y A. Gómez Ortiz Evolución reciente y dinámica actual del helero del Jou Negro (Picos de Europa). Primera aproximación / E. Serrano, M. Del Río, J. J. San José, J. J. González Trueba, A. Atkinson, A. Fernández y R. Martín Factores geomorfológicos y nivometeorológicos condicionantes de aludes en el circo de Musales (Pirineo central aragonés): el evento de abril de 2008 / J. Chueca, A. Julián, M. Palomo, E. Muntán, P. Oller, M. Barriendos y E. Gutiérrez Caracterización térmica del suelo en el circo del Aneto (Pirineo central aragonés): cartografía de variaciones estacionales / J. Chueca y A. Julián Comportamiento térmico del suelo en un enclave de alta montaña mediterránea con permafrost residual: Corral del Veleta (Sierra Nevada, Granada, España) / F. Salvador-Franch, A. Gómez-Ortiz y D. Palacios-Estremera Cubierta nival y temperaturas de superficie en Sierra Nevada a través del tratamiento digital de imágenes LANDSAT 7 (avance preliminar: periodo 2007-2008) / Benedita A. Milheiro Santos, Antonio Gómez Ortiz, Montserrat Salvá Catarineu y Ferran Salvador Franch Estado térmico del permafrost en el monte Reina Sofía, primer año de registro continuo. Isla Livingston (Antártida") / M. Ramos, G. Vieira, S. Gruber, MA. de Pablo y A. Correia Nuevas estaciones de medida del régimen térmico del permafrost en el área de "Crater Lake". Isla Decepción (Antártida). Resultados preliminares / M. Ramos, G. Vieira, D. Guilichinski, M. A. de Pablo Distribuição Espacial das Formas e Processos Periglaciários da Área de Cerro Caliente - Crater Lake (ilha Deception, Antárctida Marítima) / R. Melo, G. Vieira, A. Caselli, V. Batista, M. Ramos ERA-Interim torced H-TESSEL scheme for modeling ground temperatures for Livingston lsland (South Shetlands, Antarctic Península), M.J. Rocha, E. Dutra, R. Tomé, G. Vieira, P. Miranda, M. Fragoso, M. Ramos Resultados preliminares de urna campanha de prospecçáo geoeléctrica realizada na llha de Livingston junto a Base Antárctica Búlgara / A. Correia, G. Vieira, M. Ramos Condutividade térmica de testemunhos obtidos em duas perfurações realizadas na ilha de Livingston (Antárctida Marítima). Resultados preliminares / P. M. Amaral, A. Correia, G. Vieira, M. Ramos, A. Trindade Determinación de la difusividad térmica en suelos helados en la Isla Livingston / Juan Jose Blanco, Miguel Angel Hidalgo, Miguel Ramos y GonÇalo Vieira Un nuevo emplazamiento CALMS en la Península Bayers, Isla Livingston, Antártida = A new CALM-S site on Byers península, Livingston island, Antarctica / M. A. de Pablo, M. Ramos, G. Vieira, A. Quesada O efeito da neve no regime térmico do solo na área da Base Antárctica Búlgara St. Kliment Ohridski, llha Livingston, Antárctida / A. Trindade, G. Vieira, M. Ramos, C. Pimpirev, R. Kenderova Detecção da cobertura de neve na ilha Livingston (Antárctida marítima) com imagens de satélite ASAR. Resultados preliminares / C. Mora, G. Vieira, M. Ramos Ensayos de campo del sensor GTS-REMS en la Antártida. Resultados y optimización. / B. Esteban, M. Ramos, E. Sebastián, C. Armiens, M. A. De Pablo y W. Cabos ldentification and characterization of polygonal networks on the Martian boreal plain, / J. Saraiva, L. Bandeira, N. Benavente, P. Pina Studying Martian permafrost from surface temperature data of Mini-TES, Spirit MER mission / A. Molina, M. A. de Pablo, M. Ramos

Note: CONTENTS: Report on the 1999 activities of NGRIP Operations. - Objective. - Kangerlussuaq (Søndre Strømfjord). - Preparation of the field season. - Start of the field season. - Starting the camp. - Drilling. - Additional Kangerlussuaq equipment. - Luminescence sampling. - Summary. - Acknowledgement. - Summary of drilling experience. - NGRIP penetration rate. - 1999 Field Season, Diary. - Communication. - Schedule for camp close down. - Maintenance/Logistics after the season. - Bulk Supplies. - List of participants. - NGRIP camp load. - Table of LC130 flights. - NGRIP 1999 sub programs. - Kansas Radar. - NGRIP Paleothermometry Experiement. - Automatic weather stations. - Atmospheric dust program. - GLATIS, seismic program. - Test of Italian radar. - AWl Polar 2 radar/magnetic flights. - Sitreps. - Daily reports from NGRIP. - Surface topography near NGRIP. - Surface topography around the NGRIP site, July 1998. - Map of trenches, not updated. - Tower and roof opening of original trench. - Inclined drill pit, 1996. - Map of Greenland. - ERS1 based Topography of North Greenland. - Map of skiway. - Map of ice divide north of Summit. - Map of magnetic declination in Greenland. - Borehole inclination and inclinometer offset. - List of NGRIP addresses.

Note: ÍNDICE PRESENTACIÓN INTRODUCCIÓN INTRODUCTION ESTUDIO GEOLÓGICO DEL ENTORNO DE LA CUEVA DE NERJA l. INTRODUCCIÓN 1.1. Localización geográfica 1.2. Metodología de trabajo 1.3. Objetivos 2. ENCUADRE GEOLÓGICO GENERAL 3. ANTECEDENTES 4. ESTRATIGRAFÍA 4.1. Materiales alpujárrides 4.1.1. Manto de Almijara (Alpujárride Intermedio) 4.1.1.1. Esquistos oscuros 4.1.1.2. Esquistos claros 4.1.1.3. Calcosquistos 4.1.1.4. Mármoles de la base 4.1.1.5. Mármoles con intercalaciones de esquistos y calcosquistos 4.1.2. Manto de Guájares (Alpujárride Superior) 4.1.2.1. Esquistos oscuros 4.1.2.2. Esquistos claros 4.1.2.3. Mármoles 4.2. Materiales Neógeno-Cuaternarios 4.2.1. Unidad inferior pliocena 4.2.2. Unidad superior pliocena 4.2.3. Unidad pleistocena 4:2.3.1. Brechas y conglomerados 4.2.3.2. Gravas, arenas y limos 4.2.3.3. Travertinos 4.2.3.4. Depósitos litoquímicos 4.2.4. Unidad Holocena 5. ESTRUCTURA GEOLÓGICA 6. HISTORIA GEOLÓGICA BIBLIOGRAFÍA ANÁLISIS ESTRATIGRÁFICO DE LOS MATERIALES NEÓGENOCUATERNARIOS DE LA REGIÓN DE NERJA 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 2. ESTRATIGRAFÍA 2.1. Brechas rojas basales 2.2. Unidad inferior pliocena 2.2.1. Facies continentales de la Unidad inferior pliocena 2.2.2. Facies marinas de la Unidad inferior pliocena 2.2.3. Medio de depósito 2.3. Discordancia intrapliocena 2.4. Unidad superior pliocena 2.4.1. Facies marinas de la Unidad superior pliocena 2.4.2. Facies continentales de la Unidad superior pliocena 2.4.3. Medio de depósito 2.5. Unidad pleistocena 2.5.1. Descripción de los materiales 2.5.2. Medio de depósito y edad de los materiales 2.6. Otros materiales atribuibles al Pleistoceno 2.6.1. Travertinos 2.6.2. Facies detrítcias y cabonatadas del cruce de la carretera de la Cueva 2.7. Materiales del Holoceno 3. EVOLUCIÓN TECTOSEDIMENTARIA y PALEOGEOGRÁFICA 4. CONCLUSIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍA LA FRACTURACIÓN EN EL ENTORNO DE LA CUEVA DE NERJA 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 1.1. Antecedentes 1.2 Estructura del entorno de la Cueva de Nerja 2. RASGOS GENERALES DE LA FRACTURACIÓN 3. ESTUDIO DE LAS FALLAS 3.1. Las fallas mesoscópicas 3.2. Las grandes fallas 4. ESTUDIO DE LAS DIACLASAS 4.1. Resultado del estudio de la diaclasación en el entorno de la Cueva de Nerja 4.2. Estudio de la diaclasación en el interior de la Cueva 5. COMPARACIÓN DE LOS RESULTADOS OBTENIDOS EN LAS DIACLASAS Y FALLAS 6. ALGUNOS DATOS ACERCA DE LA CRONOLOGÍA DE LA FRACTURACIÓN E IMPORTANCIA DE LA MISMA 7. CONTROLES GEOLÓGICOS DE LA CUEVA DE NERJA: INFLUENCIA DE LA FRACTURACIÓN 8. CONCLUSIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍA ESTUDIO GEOMORFOLÓGICO DEL ENTORNO DE LA CUEVA DE NERJA 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 2. SÍNTESIS GEOLÓGICA Y ÁMBITO BIOCLIMÁTICO 3. ANÁLISIS MORFOMÉTRICO Y DE LA RED DE DRENAJE 3.1. Consideraciones previas. Rasgos hidrográficos generales 3.2. Características de forma 3.3. Características de relieve 3.4. Análisis de la red de drenaje 4. RASGOS GENERALES DEL MODELADO EN EL CONJUNTO MONTAÑOSO 4.1. Erosión hídrica y formas estructurales 4.2. Periglaciarismo y glaciarismo 4.3. Morfologías kársticas 5. EL PIEDEMONTE LITORAL: FORMAS Y PROCESOS 5.1. Morfologías relacionadas con las brechas pleistocenas 5.2. Otras morfologías 6. BOSQUEJO DE EVOLUCIÓN GEOMORFOLÓGICA. PROCESOS ACTUALES BIBLIOGRAFÍA ESTUDIO HIDROGEOLÓGICO DEL ENTORNO DE LA CUEVA DE NERJA 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 2. ANTECEDENTES 3. MARCO CLIMÁTICO 3.1. Precipitciones 3.2. Temperaturas 4. HIDROLOGÍA SUPERFICIAL 5. EL ACUÍFERO DE LAS ALBERQUILLAS 5.1. Descripción 5.2. Puntos de Agua 5.2.1. Pozos perforados 5.2.1.1. Piezometría 5.2.2. Manantiales 5.2.2.1. El manantial de Maro 5.3. Hidrogeoquímica 5.3.1. Aplicación de la hidroquímica a la investigación hidrogeológica 5.3.1.1. Distribución espacial 5.3.1.2. Evolución temporal 5.3.2. Aplicación de la hidroquímica a la karstogénesis 5.3.2.1. El sistema calcocarbónico 5.4. Funcionamiento del acuífero 6. LA CUEVA DE NERJA EN EL ACUÍFERO DE LAS ALBERQUILLAS BIBLIOGRAFÍA INTRODUCCIÓN A LA PETROLOGÍA DE LOS MÁRMOLES DE LA CUEVA DE NERJA Y MATERIALES ASOCIADOS 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 2. CONTEXTO GEOLÓGICO 3. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS ROCAS Y PETROGRAFÍA 3.1. Rocas Carbonáticas 3.1.1. Mármoles dolomíticos puros 3.1.2. Mármoles dolomíticos impuros 3.1.3. Mármoles calcíticos y rocas con silicatos cálcicos 4. COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA DE LOS MINERALES 5. EVOLUCIÓN METAMÓRFICA 5.1. Antecedentes 5.2. Metamorfismo de las rocas carbonáticas 5.3. Condiciones del metamorfismo 6. CONCLUSIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍA DATACIONES GEOCRONOLÓGICAS ABSOLUTAS (Métodos E.S.R. y Series de Uranio) EN LA CUEVA DE NERJA Y SU ENTORNO. IMPLICACIONES EVOLUTIVAS, PALEOCLIMÁTICAS Y NEOSISMOTECTÓNICAS 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 2. METODOLOGÍA 2.1. Campaña de muestreo 2.2. Métodos geocronológicos empleados 3. LOCALIZACIÓN Y DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS MUESTRAS 3.1. Muestras del interior de la Cueva de Nerja 3.2. Muestras de depósitos sedimentarios del entorno exterior 4. RESULTADOS OBTENIDOS Y DISCUSIÓN 5. CONCLUSIONES: IMPLICACIONES EVOLUTIVAS, PALEOCLIMÁTICAS Y NEOSISMOTECTÓNICAS 5.1. Relativas a la evolución de la Cueva de Nerja 5.2. Relativas a la edad de algunos materiales del entorno 5.3. Relativas a los cambios paleoclimáticos de la región 5.4. Relativas a la neosismotectónica de la región BIBLIOGRAFÍA . ESTUDIO DE LA VENTILACIÓN DE LA CUEVA DE NERJA MEDIANTE LA CONCENTRACIÓN DE RADÓN 1 INTRODUCCIÓN 1.1. Radioactividad Natural 1.2. Cómo se puede medir la concentración en Rn 1.3. Exhalación en Rn del suelo 1.4. Método para evaluar la ventilación 2 DISPOSITIVO EXPERIMENTAL 2.1. Toma de muestras de aire 2.2. Medida del contenido en Rn de las células 2.3. Medida de la temperatura del aire de la Cueva 3 RESULTADOS 3.1. Concentración de Rn en la Cueva 3.2. Temperatura del aire en la Cueva 3.3. Evaluación del índice de ventilación BIBLIOGRAFIA CARACTERIZACIÓN ISOTÓPICA Y ANÁLISIS DE LOS PROCESOS DE DEGRADACIÓN DE LOS MATERIALES CARBONATADOS DE LA CUEVA DE NERJA. ESTUDIO PRELIMINAR 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 1.1. Antecedentes 1.2. Localización geológica y materiales estudiados 2. METODOLOGÍA 2.1. Muestreo 2.2. Estudio de laboratorio 2.2.1. Análisis mineralógico 2.2.2. Isótopos estables 2.2.3. Elementos traza 2.2.4. Microscopía electrónica de barrido 3 RESULTADOS OBTENIDOS 3.1. Espeleotemas 3.2. Roca encajante 3.3. Travertinos 3.4. Mustras de agua 4. INTERPRETACIÓN Y DISCUSIÓN DE LOS RESULTADOS 4.1. Isótopos estables 4.2. Estudio de las alteraciones 4.2.1. Procesos de alteración de carbonatos 4.2.2. Estudio de elementos traza 4.2.3. Estudio mineralógico 5 CONCLUSIONES AGRADECIMIENTOS BIBLIOGRAFÍA ESTUDIO GEOQUÍMICO DE LAS AGUAS DE INFILTRACIÓN DE LA CUEVA DE NERJA 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 2. METODOLOGÍA DE TRABAJO 2.1. Trabajo de campo 2.2. Trabajo de laboratorio 2.3. Trabajo de gabinete 3. LOS CAUDALES DE GOTEO 4. LOS PARÁMETROS FÍSICO-QUÍMICOS: (pH, TEMPERATURA y CONDUCTIVIDAD) 5. LA INFORMACIÓN HIDROGEOQUÍMICA 5.1. La química de los carbonatos 5.1.1. Los equilibrios calco-carbónicos, el pH de equilibrio y la presión parcial de CO2 5.1.2. La pC02 de las aguas de infiltración 5.1.3. El dpH de las aguas de infiltración 5.2. Las distintas clases de agua 5.3. Consideraciones sobre algunos componentes químicos de interés en las aguas de infiltración sensu stricto 5.3.1. Iones procedentes mayoritariamente del agua de lluvia 5.3.1.1. Cloruros (Cl-) 5.3:1.2. Sílice(SiO2) 5.3.1.3. Nitratos (NO3) 5.3.1.4. Sulfatos (SO4) 5.3.2. Iones procedentes fundamentalmente de los materiales acuíferos 5.3.2.1. Alcalinidad total (TAC) 5.3.2.2. Relación CA2+/Mg2+ 6. ALGUNOS ASPECTOS PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN DE LA CUEVA 7. CONCLUSIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍA MEDIDAS TOPOGRÁFICAS DE PRECISIÓN PARA CONTROL DE MICRODEFORMACIONES EN EL TECHO DE LA CUEVA DE NERJA 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 2. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL SISTEMA 3. MEDIDAS DE IMPLANTACIÓN 4. ALTIMETRÍA 5. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES AGRADECIMIENTOS BIBLIOGRAFÍA . , In spanischer Sprache , Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache

Note: CONTENTS: Report on the 1995 activities of GRIP Operation Center (GOC). - Objective. - Kangerlussuaq (Søndre Strømfjord). - Preparation of field season. - Start of field season. - Communication. - Medevac. - Acknowledgement. - 1995 Field Season, Diary. - Maintenance / Logistics. - Bulk supplies. - Table of C130 flights. - Table of Twin Otter flights. - List of participants. - GRIP 1995 sub programs. - GRIP summaries 1989-1995. - GOC documentation 1989-1994. - Sitreps. - Daily reports from DOME GRIP. - Map of Northern Greenland. - List of GRIP addresses. - Tasks of GOC.

Note: Content: Preface. - Polar ecosystems in a changing climate. - Ice edge blooms - Migrating oases in polar seas. - Antarctic: Krill has evolved adaptation strategies to its extreme environment. - Living at -20 degrees: why sea Ice algae don't freeze up. - ocean acidification and Iron deficiency affect Antarctic phytoplankton communities. - The oceans are acidifying: spIder crabs and Ice fIsh are feeling the repercussions of climate change. - melting glaciers - Changing coastal ecosystems in the West Antarctic. - In the service of science: elephant seals explore the Southern Ocean. - Ocean Acoustics - palaoa broadcasts live from the Southern Ocean. - When ice shelves disintegrate - diversity of life on the Antarctic seabed. - RV 'Polarstern' in Antarctica - observations in the ice. - deep-sea observatory in the Arctic: Climate change affects life on the ocean floor. - plankton rain in the vicinity of the Arctic HAUSGARTEN: What do sinking particles tell us?. - pelagic research in the Arctic faces new challenges. - fram observatory - live conference with the Arctic deep sea in preparation. - dom - the oceans' molecular memory. - siberian forests moving north - impact on the climate and biodiversity. - promoting young talent: High school pupils learn together with AWI scientists. - dream job- polar scientist - How a student achieved her goal over an icy path. - marIne biosciences in the scientific-societal context of the 21st. century. - Contact persons at the AWI. - Imprint. - geographic locatIons of the research reports of this brochure

Note: Contents Manual 1.1 Beta measurements 1.2 Measurement of the energy spectrum and range of α-radiation with semiconductor detectors 1.3 Error and statistical tests 1.4 Basic experiments of gamma spectroscopy 2.1 Determination of certain elements in sedimental atmospheric dust by x-ray fluorescence analysis 2.2 Calibration and efficiencies (see Supplement) 2.3 Thin-layer chromatographic separation and test of the purity of labelled compounds 2.4 Separation of Thorium-234 from Uranium-238 2.5 Separation of 137Ca/137mBa by precipitation and sorption 3.1 Determination of phosphate by simple isotope dilution analysis and determination of Zn in MgSO4 by substoichiometric isotope dilution analysis 3.2 The Szilard-Chalmers effect 3.3 Determination of the Ag content in slags by instrumental neutron activation analysis 4.1 Isotope exchange of Ethyl Iodide and Sodium Iodide 4.2 Liquid scintillation counting of Carbon-14 and Tritium 4.3 Autoradiography - Demonstration of Autoradiographic techniques Lectures 1.1 Fundamentals of radioactivity / G. K. Vormum 1.2 Interaction of nuclear radiation with matter / G. K. Vormum 1.4 Equations of radioactive decay / G. K. Vormum 1.5 Radiation detectors / M. Geisler 2.1 Radiation spectroscopy / M. Geisler 2.5 Handling of radioisotopes / G. K. Vormum 2.7 Behaviour of radionuclides in very low concentrations / H. Koch 3.6 Particle sources / J. W. Leonhardt 4.2 Tracers in chemical kinetics / J. Dermietzel 4.4 Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) / R. Trettin 5.1 Isotopic tracers in biology / H. Hübner 5.2 Low-level counting / R. Trettin 5.4 Basic concepts of radioimmunoassay (RIA) / G. K. Vormum 6.2 Radionuclide generators / R. Otto

Note: Contents Chapter 1. Introduction / Lead authors: Morten Skovgaard Olsen, Lars-Otto Reiersen Chapter 2. Arctic Climate: Recent Variations / Lead authors: John E. Walsh, James E. Overland, Pavel Y. Groisman, Bruno Rudolf Chapter 3. Climate Model Projections for the Arctic / Lead authors: James E. Overland, Muyin Wang, John E. Walsh, Jens H. Christensen, Vladimir M. Kattsov, William L. Chapman Chapter 4. Changing Snow Cover and its Impacts / Lead authors: Terry V. Callaghan, Margareta Johansson, Ross D. Brown, Pavel Y. Groisman, Niklas Labba, Vladimir Radionov Chapter 5. Changing Permafrost and its Impacts / Lead authors: Terry V. Callaghan, Margareta Johansson, Oleg Anisimov, Hanne H. Christiansen, Arne Instanes, Vladimir Romanovsky, Sharon Smith Chapter 6. Changing Lake and River Ice Regimes: Trends, Effects and Implications / Lead authors: Terry Prowse, Knut Alfredsen, Spyros Beltaos, Barrie Bonsal, Claude Duguay, Atte Korhola, James McNamara, Warwick F. Vincent, Valery Vuglinsky, Gesa Weyhenmeyer Chapter 7. Mountain Glaciers and Ice Caps / Lead authors: Martin Sharp, Maria Ananicheva, Anthony Arendt, Jon-Ove Hagen, Regine Hock, Edward Josberger, R. Dan Moore, William Tad Pfeffer, Gabriel J. Wolken Chapter 8. The Greenland Ice Sheet in a Changing Climate / Lead authors: Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Jonathan Bamber, Carl E. Bøggild, Erik Buch, Jens H. Christensen, Klaus Dethloff, Mark Fahnestock, Shawn Marshall, Minik Rosing, Konrad Steffen, Robert Thomas, Martin Truffer, Michael van den Broeke, Cornelis van der Veen Chapter 9. Sea Ice / Lead authors: Walter N. Meier, Sebastian Gerland, Mats A. Granskog, Jeffrey R. Key, Christian Haas, Grete K. Hovelsrud, Kit M. Kovacs, Alexander Makshtas, Christine Michel, Donald Perovich, James D. Reist, Bob E.H. van Oort Chapter 10. Arctic Societies, Cultures, and Peoples in a Changing Cryosphere / Lead authors: Grete K. Hovelsrud, Birger Poppel, Bob E.H. van Oort, James D. Reist Chapter 11. Cross-cutting Scientific Issues / Lead authors: Terry V. Callaghan, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Margareta Johansson, Roland Kallenborn, Jeffrey R. Key, Robie Macdonald, Terry Prowse, Martin Sharp, Konrad Steffen, Warwick F. Vincent Chapter 12. SWIPA Synthesis: Implications of Findings / Lead author: James D. Reist Acronyms and abbreviations

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2014 , Table of contents I - Abstract II - Zusammenfassung Chapter 1 - Introduction 1.1. Introduction 1.1.1 Motivation 1.1.2 Organisation of thesis 1.1 Scientific background 1.2.1 Arctic and wetland bryophytes 1.2.2 Bryophyte remains as palaeo-environmental indicators 1.2.3 Regional setting 1.3 Objectives ofthe thesis 1.4 Overview of the manuscripts 1.5 Contribution of the authors Chapter 2 - Manuscript #1 Abstract 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Geographic setting 2.3 Materials and methods 2.3.1 Fieldwork 2.3.2 Radiocarbon dating 2.3.3 Geochemical, stable carbon isotope, and granulometric analyses 2.3.4 Analyses of moss remains and vascular plant macrofossils 2.3.5 Pollen analysis 2.3.6 Diatom analysis 2.3.7 Statistical analysis 2.4 Results 2.4.1 High-resolution spatial characteristics oft the investigated polygon and vegetation pattern 2.4.2 Geochronology and age-depth relationships 2.4.3 General properties of the sedimentary fill 2.4.4 Bioindicators 2.4.5 Characterization oftwo different types of polygon pond sediment 2.5. Discussion 2.5.1 Small-scale spatial structure of polygons 2.5.2 Age-depth relationships 2.5.3 Proxy value of the analysed parameters 2.5.4 The general polygon development 2.5.5 Polygon development as a function of external controls and internal adjustment mechanisms 2.6 Conclusions Chapter 3 - Manuscript #11 Abstract 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Material und methods 3.2.1 Regional setting 3.2.3 Field methods and environmental data collection 3.2.4 Data analysis 3.3 Results 3.3.1 Major characteristics of the investigated polygons 3.3.2 Vegetation cover and its relationships with micro-relief and vegetation type 3.3.3 Vegetation alpha-diversity and its relationship with micro-relief and vegetation type 3.3.4 Vegetation composition and its relationship with micro-relief and vegetation type 3.4 Discussion 3.4.1 Patterns of cover, alpha-diversity and compositional turnover of vascular plants and bryophytes along the rim-pond transect (local-scale) 3.4.2 Patterns of cover, alpha-diversity and compositional turnover of vascular plants and bryophytes along the regional-scale forest-tundra transect 3.4.3 Indicator potential ofvascular plant and bryophyte remains from polygonal peats for the reconstruction of local hydrological and regional vegetation changes 3.4.4. Implications of the performed vegetation transect studies for future Arctic warming 3.5 Acknowledgements 2.4.4 Bioindicators 2.4.5 Characterization of two different types of polygon pond sediment 2.5. Discussion 2.5.1 Small-scale spatial structure of polygons 2.5.2 Age-depth relationships 2.5.3 Proxy value of the analysed parameters 2.5.4 The general polygon development 2.5.5 Polygon development as a function of external controls and internal adjustment mechanisms 2.6 Conclusions Chapter 3 - Manuscript #II Abstract 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Material und methods 3.2.1 Regional setting 3.2.3 Field methods and environmental data collection 3.2.4 Data analysis 3.3 Results 3.3.1 Major characteristics of the investigated polygons 3.3.2 Vegetation cover and its relationships with micro-relief and vegetation type 3.3.3 Vegetation alpha-diversity and its relationship with micro-relief and vegetation type 3.3.4 Vegetation composition and its relationship with micro-relief and vegetation type 3.4 Discussion 3.4.1 Patterns of cover, alpha-diversity and compositional turnover of vascular plants and bryophytes along the rim-pond transect (local-scale) 3.4.2 Patterns of cover, alpha-diversity and compositional turnover of vascular plants and bryophytes along the regional-scale forest-tundra transect 3.4.3 Indicator potential of vascular plant and bryophyte remains from polygonal peats for the reconstruction of local hydrological and regional vegetation changes 3.4.4. Implications of the performed vegetation transect studies for future Arctic warming 3.5 Acknowledgements Chapter 4 - Manuscript #3 Abstract 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Material and methods 4.2.1 Sites 4.2.2 Sampling 4.2.3 Investigated moss species 4.2.4 Measurements 4.2.5 Statistical Tests 4.3 Results 4.4 Discussion Chapter 5 - Discussion 5.1 Bryophytes of polygonal landscapes in Siberia 5.1.1 Modern bryophytes in the Siberian Arctic 5.1.2 Biochemical and isotopic characteristics of mosses 5.1.3 Reliability and potential of fossil bryophyte remains as palaeoproxies 5.2 Dynamics of low-centred polygons during the late Holocene 5.3 Outlook Appendix I - Preliminary Report Motivation Material and methods Results and first interpretation Appendix II Additional tables and figures of manuscript #1 Appendix III Additional figures of manuscript #2 Appendix IV - Quantitative approach of Standard Moss Stem (SMS3) Bibliography Acknowledgements Eidesstattliche Erklärung

Note: Contents ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO SEA ICE Presentation Ice development Fast ice Occurrence and concentration of floating ice Forms of floating ice Distribution of ice Openings in the ice Ice surface features Melt stages Break-up Charting sea ice Egg code SEA ICE Extent and area Thickness and salinity Currents Climatic role Life in the ice FAUNA The Arctic Antarctica MAN AND THE SEA ICE The Inuit Explorers from the 15th to the 19th century Shipwrecked on a raft of ice The Fram and the drifting ice stations Polar aircraft Polar submarines Icebreakers Tourism Sports , Übersetzung aus dem Französischen

Note: Contents INTRODUCTION / P.V.Krasilnikov PART I GENERAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Geological settings / D.E.Konyushkov, R.V.Desyatkin Climate and soil temperature dynamics / D.E.Konyushkov, R.V.Desyatkin, A.R.Desyatkin Geocryological conditions / D.E.Konyushkov, A.N.Fedorov Vegetation / D.E.Konyushkov, R.V.Desyatkin SOILS AND SOIL COVER PATTERNS – GENERAL SCOPE / D.E.Konyushkov, R.V.Desyatkin, S.F.Khokhlov ALAS PHENOMEN: SPECIFIC FEATURES, GENESIS AND DYNAMICS / R.V.Desyatkin, A.R.Desyatkin AGRICULTURE AND OTHER ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITY IN CENTRAL YAKUTIA / R.V.Desyatkin, M.V.Okoneshnikova PART II SOILS OF CENTRAL SAKHA (YAKUTIA) / S.V.Goryachkin, R.V.Desyatkin, E.M.Lapteva, M.N.Lebedeva, N.S.Mergelov, P.V.Krasilnikov, V.A.Shishkov, I.V.Turova E.P.Zazovskaya METHODS OF STUDY DAY 1 Vilyui road. Cambic Turbic Cryosol. Profile 11 Vilyui road. Turbic Cryosol Reductaquic. Profile 12 Sand hills near Tabaga. Haplic Stagnosol Arenic Turbic. Profile 15 DAY 2 Abalakh alas vicinities. Haplic Cryosol Albic Luvic Sodic. Profile 14 Abalakh alas. Salic Fluvisol. Profile 13-1 Abalakh alas. Stagnic Solonetz Turbic. Profile 13-2 DAY 3 Desyatkin Alas. Cryic Limnic Histosol. Profile 9-1 Desyatkin Alas. Thapto-Histic Limnic Fluvisol. Profile 9-2 Desyatkin Alas. Endogleyic Stagnosols Albic Arenic Turbic. Profile 9-3 Observation point. Khonorosh alas. Bulgunyakh (pingo) 4 DAY 4 Tabaga post-agrogenic soil. Stagnic Cambisol Calcaric. Profile 2-1 Tabaga post-agrogenic soil. Luvic Phaeozem Albic Turbic. Profile 2-2 Tabaga post-agrogenic soil. Calcic Mollic Solonetz Albic. Profile 2-3 Observation point. Badland on icy permafrost Lena terrace. Stagnic Chernozem Molliglossic Turbic. Profile 5 Lena terrace. Mollic Endogleyic Solonetz Turbic. Profile 6 Lena terrace. Hyposalic Solonetz. Profile 7 SOME GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS Cryogenic microfeatures Soluble salts in investigated soils DAY 5. Lena pillars CONCLUSION / (S.V.Goryachkin) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Криолитологические особенности отложений малых рек в Центральной Якутии / Е.Г. Катасонова, Х.Г. Зигерт Минералообразование в области вечной мерзлоты / Х.Г. Зигерт Криогенное строение склоновых отложений на севере Среднесибирского плоскогорья / В.В. Куницкий Перелетки и основные типы сезонвомерзлых пород / Е.А. Втюрина Особенности прибрежно-шельфовой криолитозоны / А.И. Фартышев Многолетние экстремумы отрицательной температуры грунтов сезоннопротаивающего слоя в Центральной Якутии / П.А. Соловъев, Л.П. Голубых Интенсивность сезонного промерзания почвогрунтов в Заилийском Алатау / Э.В. Северский, М. В. Попов Теплопроводность крупнообломочных грунтов в горах Северного Тянь-Шаня / А. А. Мандаров Тепловой баланс крупного озера и прилегающей территории в Центральной Якутии / А.В. Павлов, М.И. Тишин Геотермические параметры Уренгойского месторождения / А.И. Левченко Теплофизические свойства многолетнемерзлых пород Мастахского месторождения газа / Н.Р. Колушев, В.Т. Балобаев, Р.И. Гаврилъев О некоторых особенностях поведения температурного и электрического поля ПС вблиаи нижней границы мерзлоты в терригенных толщах / В.О. Володько Геотермия вмещающих пород карьера "Мир" (Западная Якутия) / В.Н. Девяткин, Р.И. Гаврилъев Геотермические условия бассейна рек Курунг-Юрях и Хатат (Западная Якутия) / В.Н. Девяткин Тепловой баланс орошаемых посевов кормовых культур в Центральной Якутии / П.Н. Скрябин, О.И. Алексеева Расчет промерзания намывно й насыпи и ее основания / Н.И. Вотякова , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: CONTENTS Preface lnroduction Chapter I. Radiocarbon chronology and chronostratigraphy of the Paleolith of NE Asia: Statement of a Question Chapter II. Paleolithic sites of the Aidan River Valley Features of geology and geomorphology of Aldan valley Age and validity of archaeological sites in Aldan valley "Tectonic hypothesis" Chronostratigraphy of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene sites in Aldan valley Chapter III. Archaeological sites of the Yana-Indighirka Lowland The Yana site It's discovery and history of research General description of the site area Deposits of the second terrace of Yana River and position of the cultural layer of the Yana site Radiocarbon age of the cultura layer Archaeological finds Fauna remains The Berelekh site History of research Geological profile and radiocarbon chronology of Berelekh geocomplex Archaeological component of Berelekh geocomplex Fauna remains Chapter IV. Radiocarbon dated Paleolithic site of NE Asia beyond the Aidan valley and Coastal (Yana-Kolyma) lowland Geoarchaeological objects of Upper and Middle Lena River Archaeological sites of Kolyma River basin and Sea of Okhotsk and Kolyma River watershed Ushki sites in Kamchatka Peninsula Concluding remarks for the Fourth Chapter Chapter V. Basic elements of radiocarbon chronology of the Holocene Stone Age of NE Asia Chapter VI. Radiocarbon chronology, archaeological periodization and peculiarities of cultural development of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene of NE Asia Conclusions Summary References List of abbreviations Radiocarbon laboratory's codes List of illustrations List of tables Appendices Table 1. Radiocarbon dates of archaeological site of NE Asia Table 8. A synopsis for geomorphology of 14C dated Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene archaeological sites of NE Asia , СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Предисловие Введение Глава I. Радиоуглеродная хронология и хроностратиrрафия палеолита Северо- Востока Азии: постановка проблемы Глава II. Памятники палеолита в долине р. Алдан Особенности строения долины р. Алдан Возраст и валидность археологических памятников Алдана «Тектоническая гипотеза» Хроностратиграфия памятников позднего неоплейстоцена и голоцена Алдана Глава III. Памятники Яно-Индиrирской низменности Янская стоянка История открытия и изучения Общая характеристика района стоянки Отложения разреза второй надпойменной террасы р. Яны и положение культурного слоя Янской стоянки Радиоуглеродный возраст культурного слоя Археологическая составляющая Фаунистическая характеристика Стоянка Берелёх История изучения Характеристика разреза и хронология Берелёхского комплекса Археологическая составляющая Берелёхского комплекса Комплекс фаунистических находок Глава IV. Датированные памятники палеолита Северо-Восточной Азии вне пределов долины Алдана и Приморской (Я но-Колымской) низменности Геоархеологические объекты Верхней и Средней Лены Памятники Колымской системы и Охотска-Колымского водораздела Комплекс Ушковских стоянок (Камчатский полуостров) Заключительные замечания к разделу Глава V. Основные черты радиоуглеродной хронологии rолоценовых памятников каменноrо века Северо-Восточной Азии Глава VI. Радиоуглеродная хронология, археологическая периодизация и особенности культурно-исторических процессов позднего неоплейстоцена и rолоцена Северо-Восточной Азии Заключение Summary Литература Список сокращений Список иллюстраций Список табличного материала Список индексов лабораторий, проводящих радиоуглеродное датирование Приложения Таблица 1. Список радиоуглеродных дат археологических объектов Северо-Востока Азии Таблица 8. Краткий конспект геоморфологического положения датированных поздненеоплейстоценовых и раннеrолоценовых археологических памятников Северо-Востока Азии , Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ Предисловие Глава 1. СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ВЕЧНОЙ МЕРЗЛОТЫ (КРИОЛИТОЗОНЫ) КАК СЛЕДСТВИЕ СОВРЕМЕННОГО КЛИМАТА 1.1. Общие закономерности распространения мерзлоты 1.2. Внутрирегиональные закономерности распространения мерзлоты 1.2.1. Теплообмен между горными породами и атмосферой. Годовой тепловой баланс 1.2.2. Тепловой баланс земной поверхности и криолитозона Забайкалья 1.2.3. Тепловой баланс земной поверхности и криолитозона Западной Сибири Глава 2. СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ О ГЛОБАЛЬНЫХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯХ КЛИМАТА И ИХ ПРИЧИНАХ 2.1. Изменения климата под влиянием естественных факторов 2.2. Изменения климата под влиянием антропогенных факторов Глава 3. ДИНАМИКА КРИОЛИТОЗОНЫ КАК СЛЕДСТВИЕ ГЛОБАЛЬНЫХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ КЛИМАТА 3.1. Реакция вечной мерзлоты на изменения климата. Проникновение колебаний температуры воздуха в горные породы 3.2. Реакция мерзлоты на изменения климата в плейстоцене 3.3. Реакция мерзлоты на современные изменения климата 3.4. Влияние климата и его изменений на криогенные процессы 3.5. Влияние климата и его изменений на устойчивость ландшафтов криолитозоны к техногенным нагрузкам 3.6. Влияние колебаний климата на субгляциальную криолитозону Заключение Литература ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 1. Таблица. Средние многолетние данные метеорологических наблюдений в Забайкалье ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 2. Графики. Средняя месячная и средняя годовая температура грунта на склонах Центрального Забайкалья. Режимные измерения в скважинах ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 3. Графики. Средняя месячная и средняя годовая температура грунта в долинах рек Центрального Забайкалья. Режимные измерения в скважинах ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 4. Графики. Средняя месячная и средняя годовая температура грунта в Восточном Забайкалье. Режимные измерения в скважинах ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 5. Графики. Средняя месячная и средняя годовая температура грунта в Юго-Восточном Забайкалье. Наблюдения в скважинах ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 6. Таблица. Тепловой баланс поверхности и его составляющие для Западной Сибири ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 7. Таблица. Радиационный баланс на склонах Западной Сибири ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 8. Словарь терминов ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 9. Предметный указатель

Note: Dissertation, Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen, Wageningen, 1991 , 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Fields of interest 1.2 Macroscopic freezing test 1.3 Microscopic model 1.4 Aim of the thesis 1.5 Overview of the thesis 2 THEORY 2.0 Introduction to the chapter 2.1 Theory of different soil analyses 2.1.1 Particle size distribution 2.1.2 Specific surface area 2.1.3 Cation exchange capacity 2.1.4 Zeta potential 2.1.5 Water retention 2.1.6 Hydraulic conductivity 2.1.7 Thermal conductivity 2.2 Determination of soil water content by time-domain reflectometry 2. 2.1 Transmission line theory 2.2.2 Water content 2.2.3 Bulk electrical conductivity 2.3 Transfer of heat and mass 2.3.1 Moisture transport 2.3.2 Heat transport 2.3.3 Solute transport 3 NEW MODELS AND METHODS 3.0 Introduction to the chapter 3.1 A new model for the nonsteady-state probe method to measure thermal properties of porous media 3.1.0 Abstract 3.1.1 Introduction 3.1.2 Present approach 3.1.3 Experimental set-up 3.1.4 The perfect line source model 3.1.5 The modified Jaeger model 3.1.6 Gauss-Newton iteration 3.1.7 Calibration measurements 3.1.8 Conclusions 3.2 A new method to measure bulk electrical conductivity in soil using time-domain reflectometry 3.2.0 Abstract 3.2.1 Introduction 3.2.2 Measurement theory 3.2.3 Materials and methods 3.2.4 Results and discussion 3.2.5 Conclusions 3.3 Application of dispersion theory to time-domain reflectometry in soils 3.3.0 Abstract 3.3.1 Introduction 3.3.2 Dielectric constant as a function of water content 3.3.2.1 Soil as a two phase dielectric medium 3.3.2.2 Unfrozen soils 3.3.2.3 Frozen soils 3.3.3 Bulk electrical conductivity as a function of water content 3.3.4 Materials and methods 3.3.5 Results and discussion 3.3.5.1 Validation of the model for bulk electrical conductivity 3.3.5.2 Comparison with other models 3.3.6 Conclusions 3.3.7 Appendix 3.4 Description of the experiments to measure heat and mass transfer in freezing porous media 3.4.1 Experimental set-up 3.4.2 Used materials 3.4.3 Relations between soil physical and electrochemical properties 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.0 Introduction to the chapter 4.1 Thermal conductivity of unsaturated frozen sands 4. 1.0 Abstract 4.1. 1 Introduction 4.1. 2 Experimental set-up 4.1. 3 Theoretical approach 4. 1.4 Properties of the used sands 4.1.5 Measured heat flows 4.1. 6 Measured thermal conductivities 4.1. 7 Discussion 4.2 Heat transfer 4.2.1 Heat capacity 4.2.2 Thermal conductivity 4.2.2.1 Influence of the temperature dependence of the pore ice versus unfrozen water content 4.2.2.2 Contribution of the apparent thermal conductivity 4.2.2.3 Segregated ice content 4.2.2.4 Presence of the freezing front close to the measuring probe 4.2.3 Latent heat of in situ freezing 4.2.4 Heat balances 4.2.5 Temperature fields 4.2.6 Dynamics of heat flows in frozen porous materials 4.3 Moisture transfer 4.3.1 Segregation potential 4.3.2 Influence of soil physical and electrochemical properties 4.4 Application of time-domain reflectometry to measure solute concentration during soil freezing 4.4.0 Abstract 4.4.1 Introduction 4.4.2 Materials and methods 4.4.3 Results and discussion 4.4.3.1 Influence of temperature 4.4.3.2 Influence of liquid water content 4.4.3.3 Redistribution of solutes 4.4.4 Conclusions 4.5 Influence of added solutes on moisture transfer 5 CONCLUSIONS AND FINAL DISCUSSION 5.1 General discussion 5.2 Recommandations in connection with frost in porous media , Zusammenfassung in niederländischer Sprache

Note: CONTENTS Preface Problems of stratigraphy and paleogeography of the Quaternary of Yakutia / M. N. AIekseyev Regional stratigraphic scheme of the Paleogene and Neogene sediments of the Lower-Aldan depression / A. F. Fradkina, O. V. Grinenko, V. A. Kamaletdinov, A. I. Tomskaya Paleomagnetic studies of the upper section of the Mamontova Gora on the Aldan-river / P. S. Minyuk New data on stratigraphy of the Cencizoic of the eastern part of the Primorsk lowland / L. P. Zharikova, A. S. Kazantsev, P. S. Minyuk, A. G. Savchenko Cenozoik sediments of the Ulakhan-Tas range / A. I. Sergeyenko, A. S. Kazantsev, Yu. V. Lykov, A. I. Tomskaya Small mammals in the key section of the Pliocene-Quaternary sediments on the Krestovka-river (Kolyma lowland) / G. G. FroIova Recent tectonics of Eastern Yakutia / V. B. Spector, V. A. BaIandin Structural-geomorphological character of the Kolyma lowland / N. G. Patyk-Kara, O. I. Gapon, O. V. Grinenko Modern tectonic stress field of North-East Asia / B. M. Koz'min Quantitative evalution of recent vertical tectonic movements in North-Eastern Yakutia / L. P. Imayeva, V. S. Imayev Basement relief and Quaternary cover structure in the Lena-Amga interfluve / V. A. KamaIetdinov Paleomorphological conditions during the formation of Cenozoik conglomerates on the right bank of the Selennyakh river (Indigirka basin) / L. A. Fatkhullin "Alas" sediments and taber formations of Yakutia / Ye. M. Katasonov Slope sediments in river valleys of Central Yakutia / Ye. G. Katasonova, H. G. Ziegert On differentiating the Neogene-Quaternary perennially frozen rocks by mineral composition and cryogenic microstructures / H. G. Ziegert, Ye. A. Slagoda On estimation of the amount of glaciations using different criteria (in the light of' the near-Indigirka zone) / E. D. Izbekov Glacial isostasy in Priverkhoyanie / V. V. KoIpakov, I. L. Shofman Main stages of man population in Yakutia / Yu. A. Mochanov, S. A. Fedoseyeva , СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Предисловие Проблемы стратиграфии и палеогеографии четвертичного периода Якутии / М. Н. Алексеев Региональная стратиграфическая схема палеогеновых и неогеновых отложений Нижнеалданской впадины / А. Ф. Фрадкина, О. В. Гриненко, В. А. Камалетдинов, А. И. Томская Палеомагнитные исследования верхней части разреза Мамонтова Гора на реке Алдан / П. С. Минюк Новые сведения по стратиграфии кайнозоя восточнои части Приморской низменности / Л . П. Жарикова, А. С. Казанцев, П. С. Минюк, А. Г. Савченко Кайнозойские отложения хребта Улахан-Тас / А . И. Сергеенко, А. С. Казанцев, Ю. В. Лыков, А. И. Томская Мелкие млекопитающие опорного разреза плиоцен-четвертичных отложении на реке Крестовке (Колымская низменность) / Г. Г. Фролова Новейшая тектоника Восточной Якутии / В. Б. Спектор, В. А. Баландин Структурно-геоморфологическое строение Колымском низменности / Н. Г. Патык-Кара, О. И. Гапон, О. В. Гриненко Современное поле тектонических напряжении Северо-Восточной Азии / Б. М. Козьмин Количественная оценка новеиших вертикальных тектонических движений Северо-Востока Якутии / Л. П. Имаева, В. С. Имаев Рельеф цоколя и строение четвертичного покрова Лено-Амгинского междуречья / В. А. Камалетдинов Палеогеоморфологические условия формирования кайнозойских конгломератов правобережья реки Селениях (бассейн реки Индигирки) / И. А. Фатхуллин Аласные отложения и таберальные образования Якутии / Е. М. Катасонов Склоновые отложения в долинах малых рек Центральной Якутии / Е. Г. Катасонова, Х . Г. 3игерт О расчленении многолетнемерзлых неоrен-четвертцчных отложений по минералогическому составу и криогенным микротекстурам / Х . Г. 3игерт, Е . А. Слагода К вопросу оценки количества оледенений по различным критериям (на примере Прииндиrирской зоны) / Э. Д. Избеков Гляциоизостазия в Приверхоянье / В. В. Колпаков, И. Л. Шофман Основные этапы заселения человеком Якутии / Ю. А. Мочанов, С. А. Федосеева , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Table of Contents: 1. Data description. - Origin. - Changes in Operational Analysis Systems. - Geopotential grid processing. - Temperature, wind and wave flux calculations. - 2. Statistical calculations. - 3. References. - 4. Results. - Monthly average meridional cross sections. - Means and variances of zonal mean winds, temperatures and wave fluxes, plus stationary and transient wave statistics. - Hemispheric polar projections for January, April, July and October. - Mean geopotential height, temperature, wind speed and daily geopotential variance maps for 700, 500, 300, 100, 50, 10 and 1 mb. - Ensemble average latitude-time diagrams. - Zonal mean winds and temperatures, and stationary and transient eddy geopotential height, temperature and wave flux quantities. - Ensemble average height-time diagrams. - Zonal mean winds and temperatures, and stationary and transient eddy geopotential heights and temperatures. - Latitude-time and height-time diagrams of zonal winds and rms geopotential, height wave amplitudes for individual years 1979-1990. - Tables of monthly mean temperatures and zonal winds.

Note: Table of Contents - Čast' 7.: Oil and gas basins distribution in cryolithozone / L. S. Garagulya, G. I. Gordeeva, V. N. Zaitsev. - Exogenous geological processes on the main gas pipeline "Zapolamoe-New-Urengoy" / A. A. Gubarkov. - Feftures of engineering geological conditions of building of an elevated site of the oil pipeline "the Vankorsky deposit - "Purpe" / A. A. Goubarkov, S. N. Okunev, M. S. Maramigina, K. V. Zalesskiy. - Influence of anthropogenous activity on development of cryogenic processes and dynamics of the seasonal thawed layer on the gas pipeline "Nadym-Punga" / E. V. Elanzev, M. V. Andreeva, A. A. Gubarkov. - Experience using of the aerospace infrared thermal data for characteristics of the permafrost / S. G. Komienko. - Large-scale engineering-geocriological mapping of natural-technical systems of Jamburg OGCF / I. L. Kuznecova, E. A. Eremeeva, A. A. Erasov, M. V. Kasymskaya, T. V. Nikitina, A. I. Konichshev, M. A. Moiseeva. - Definition of enginering-geocryological parameters in complex ground conditions by statical probing (on example New Urengojsky gaz-chemical complex) / A. S. Kurbatov. - Taxonomic system of geotechnical monitoring gasfield and gas-transport objects / V. V. Lashin, A. V. Kryukov. - The technogeoekological analysis of gas-transport systems at the gas deposit Medvezhje / V. P. Marahtanov, M. A. Velikotskij, V. P. Chigir, S. A. Egurtsov, S. N. Menshikov, V. N. Polozov. - Field study of influence of oil pollution on the seasonal ground freezing oil deposit Samotlor / E. S. Miklyaeva, V. A. Soldatov. - Restriction to nature management in the southern cryolithozone of the Bolsheztmclskaya tundra / G. G. Osadchaya. - About long-term permafrost temperatures dynamics under the influence of climate changing at the north of West Siberia / A. B. Osokin. - The building technology for oil and gas fields of Yamal Peninsula / A. B. Osokin, E. Yu. Galaktionov, G. K. Smolov, A. P. Popov. - The influence of non-isothermal effects on gas production and determination of the area of possible hydrate formation in the bottom-hole zone of the gas-bearing reservoirs / I. I. Rozhin, E. A. Bondarev, K. K. Argunova. - Short-term forecasting of terrain evolution for Bovanenkovo gas condensate field territory (Yamal Peninsula) / V. I. Solomatin, M. A. Konjahin. - Destruction and recovery of permafrost along the gas pipeline Zapadno-Ozernoe gas field - Anadyr city in 2000 - 2008 / O. D. Tregubov, V. Yu. Razzhivin. , Table of Contents - Čast' 8.: The control of temperature conditions of permafrost ground and building foundations during the development of hydrocarbons in new regions / I. B. Baholdin, N. I. Sydnyaev, Y. S. Melnikova. - Thermal stabilization of permafrost soils at bases of structures with floors on the ground / R. M. Bayasan, A. R. Bayasan, G. P. Pustovoit, A. N. Tseeva. - Forecast of changing of bearing capacity and frost heaving of trapped foundation in west sektor of cryolithozone of Russia to 2050 / V. I. Grebenets, D. G. Shmelev. - Methodology of complex load tests of pile foundations in permafrost / I. E. Guryanov. - An analysis of land suitability for urban construction in permafrost regions / I. E. Guryanov. - Analysis of the effect of heat torch open on permafrost conditions of the site UPSV-South / G. M. Dolgih, S. N. Okunev, G. V. Anikin, V. N. Zaharova, M. S. Maramygina. - Natural researches deep heat pipe in experimental-industrial range / G. M. Dolgikh, S. N. Okunev, D. S. Pazderin, V. N. Feklistov. - Geocryological problems associated with railroads and highways on permafrost / V. G. Kondratiev. - Study stabilizations railway embankment on permafrost soil under thawing / S. A. Kudryavtsev, A. G. Polevichenko, A. V. Kazharskiy, Yu. B. Berestyanyy. - About anthropogenic influence on the stability of the buildigs and installations of the town construction in the north polar region / E. S. Maksimenko. - Permafrost conditions along proposed railway route in the northern Baffin Island and associated design considerations / V. E. Roujanski, K. W. Jones. - Experience of creation of the centralized system of gathering, processing and data storage of geotechnical monitoring / A. V. Ryazanov, V. D. Kaurkin, D. V. Manchukov, K. V. Zalessky. - The reliability of north infrastructure under changing climate conditions / L. N. Hrustalev, S. Yu. Parmuzin, L. V. Emelyanova. - Prognosis temperature conditions of soil beneath the foundations of football arena / A. N. Ceeva, Yu. A. Khokholov, M. V. Kaymonov, A. S. Kurilko. , Table of Contents - Čast' 9.: About the liability of geocryological factor account in the estimating of land condition within the confines of problem solution of Russian ecological safety / R. B. Bigeeva. - Reconversion of ecosystems under the influence of geocryological processes / L. S. Garagulja, G. I. Gordeeva, E. N. Ospennikov, V. Z. Hilimonjuk. - Hydrological and geo-ecological research in the Pechora river's delta / E. A. Dombrovskaya, N. G. Ukraintseva. - Estimation of possible influence of building of hydroelectric power station on the river Timpton (Southern Yakutia) on geological conditions and processes / A. A. Ermolov. - Cryoecological monitoring investigations of agricultural landscapes in central Yakutia / P. V. Efremov, I. S. Ugarov, A. N. Fedorov. - Theoretical and applied aspects of expert geoecological risk economic development within the new educational program / L. I. Zotova. - Permafrost - ecological mapping of cryolithozone of Russia / N. A. Koroleva, N. V. Tumel. - Impact of fire on vegetation and permafrost of northern taiga palsa pcatland in West Siberia / N. G. Moskalenko. - Long-term monitoring of cryogenic processes in the Russian North-West during global warming / N. G. Oberman. - The impact of man-made barrages on the surface and subpermafrost drainage in Yakutsk / N. A. Pavlova, S. I. Serikov. - Estimation of change of the condition of cryogenic landscapes of the northeast of Bolshezemelskaya tundra as a result of technogenic influence / E. S. Popova, J. V. Vlasova, N. V. Tumel. - Assessment of the dynamics of environmental permafrost conditions geocriological under varying conditions of heat-exchange on the earth surface / V. Z. Khilimonyuk, M. V. Filatova. , Table of Contents - Čast' 10.: The innovation technique and technology using for thermal stabilization of saline soils at Bovanenkovo oil and gas field on Yamal Peninsula / R. M. Bayasan, T. V. Bayasan, S. I. Golubin, A. V. Lyalin, G. P. Pustovoit. - Experience of planning, editing and exploitation of systems temperature stabilizing of ground base objects Vankor field / G. M. Dolgikh, S. N. Okunev, S. A. Stoyanov, K. V. Zalesskiy. - Method for carring permafrost area capacity assessment of ground and conditions of the building of development / A. V. lospa, A. A. Popova. - Statistic on accidents and safety of natural - technical systems on permafrost / Ja. A. Kronik. - Safety and standartization problems for designing and construction on permafrost / Ja. A. Kronik, M. A. Minkin. - Multipurpose mapping as informational support engineering survey, design and monitoring / F. Rivkin, I. Kuznetsova, N. lvanova, A. Popova, I. Parmuzin. - Engineering and geocryological monitoring of Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway (Yamal Peninsula) / V. P. Chemyadyev, I. I. Shamanova, A. V. Maksimov, S. N. Titkov. , Table of Contents - Čast' 11.: Comparative analysis of radiative-heat parameters in Antarctic and Mars polar regions / O. N. Abramenko, I. A. Komarov, V. S. lsaev. - Cryophilic communities of lakes located in the Baikal rift zone / N. A. Bondarenko, O. I. Belykh, I. V. Tomberg, S. I. Genkal, I. V. Tikhonova, N. F. Logacheva, V. N. Alexandrov, O. A. Timoshkin. - Biogeochemistry of frozen soils of the Central Yakutia / A. V. Brouchkov, V. P. Melnikov, G. I. Griva, V. E. Repin, E. V. Brenner, M. Tanaka, M. V. Shchelchkova. - Exogenic cryogenic processes on Mars / V. S. lsaev, I. A. Komarov, O. N. Abramenko. - Underground ice as environment of microorganism / A. N. Kurchatova, V. V. Rogov. - Plant species indicating the depth of active layer on the Bely Island / O. V. Khitun, K. A. Ennokhina, M. O. Leibman, A. V. Khomutov. , Table of Contents - Čast' 12.: Actual problems of geocryology (permafrost science) / A. V. Brouchkov. - International Permafrost Field Courses TEPO-Yamburg (2007 - 2009) in the network International Polar Year / V. Grebenets, A. Boitsov, A. Kurchatova, D. Kaverin, E. M. Pfeiffer, N. Rueggen, A. Zschocke, N. Shiklomanov, D. Streletskiy, A. Klene. - Teaching academic discipline "geocryology" for students of building specialities / A. L. Nevzorov, V. V. Koptyaev. - Permafrost and periglacial geomorphology of Western Taymyr. The field courses on permafrost for graduate and phd student / I. D. Streletskaya, A. A. Vasiliev, G. A. Cherkashev, V. N. Konishchev. , In kyrill. Schr.