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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oslo : Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP)
    Call number: AWI G3-19-92396
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 97 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 978-82-7971-073-8
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: What has changed since the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment in 2005? Part 1. How the Arctic cryosphere is changing 1.1. The Arctic cryosphere 1.2. Monitoring change in the Arctic cryosphere 1.3. Snow cover is decreasing 1.4. Permafrost is thawing 1.5. Lakes and rivers are losing ice cover 1.6. Mountain glaciers, ice caps and the Greenland Ice Sheet are all diminishing 1.7. Summer sea-ice cover has declined dramatically Part 2. Why the Arctic cryosphere is changing 2.1. The Arctic climate is changing 2.2. The cryosphere interacts with other aspects of climate Part 3. More change is expected. Where in the Arctic? 3.1. Modelling the future 3.2. Future changes in temperature, rain and snowfall 3.3. Future changes in snow, permafrost, lake and river ice 3.4. Future changes in mountain glaciers, ice caps and the Greenland Ice Sheet 3.5. Future changes in sea ice Part 4. How these changes affect people and nature. Where in the Arctic? 4.1. Changing Arctic ecosystems 4.2. Changing supplies of natural resources 4.3. Changing access 4.4. Changing risks to buildings and land 4.5. Changing movement of contaminants 4.6. Changing Arctic living conditions Part 5. Why changes in the Arctic matter globally 5.1. Changes in the Arctic cryosphere affect the global climate 5.2. Melting Arctic land ice contributes to sea-level rise 5.3. Consequences for global society Part 6. What should be done? 6.1. Adapting to change 6.2. The big unknowns Glossary.
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  • 2
    Call number: AWI G6-19-92078
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: viii, 110, XVIII Seiten , Illustrationen
    Language: German
    Note: Diplomarbeit, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 2001 , Inhalt: Zusammenfassung. - Abbildungen. - Tabellen. - 1 Einleitung. - 2 Das atmosphärische Aerosol. - 2.1 Grundlagen und Definition. - 2.2 Quellprozesse für atmosphärisches Aerosol. - 2.2.1 Gas-ta-partide conversion (GPC). - 2.2.2 Bulk-ta-partide conversion (BPC). - 2.2.3 Drop-ta-partide conversion (DPC). - 2.3 Senkenprozesse für atmosphärisches Aerosol. - 2.3.1 Koagulation. - 2.3.2 Trockene Deposition. - 2.3.3 Nasse Deposition. - 2.3.4 Nebeldeposition. - 2.4 Löslichkeit. - 2.5 Das Arktische Aerosol. - 2.5.1 Physikalische Charakterisierung. - 2.5.2 Chemische Zusammensetzung. - 2.5.3 Arctic Haze. - 3 Spurenstofftransport in die Sibirische Arktis. - 3.1 Saisonale Variationen. - 3.2 Einfluß der Druckverteilung auf den Transport. - 3.3 Charakterisierung der innerarktischen Zirkulation. - 3.4 Trajektorienstudien für Severnaya Zemlya. - 4 Probenpräparation und Meßverfahren. - 4.1 Zeitlicher Ablauf und Probenvorbereitung. - 4.2 Ionenchromatographische Analyse. - 4.2.1 Anionenmethode. - 4.2.2 Kationenmethode. - 4.2.3 Kalibration. - 4.2.4 Blindwerte. - 4.2.5 Meßgenauigkeit. - 5 Theorie der Schmelzwasserperkolation. - 5.1 Einführung und Definitionen. - 5.2 Verhalten der Ionen während des Schmelzens. - 5.2.1 Elutionsstärke in Abhängigkeit von der Schmelzhäufigkeit. - 5.2.2 Ionenfraktionierung als Folge des Schmelzens. - 5.2.3 Mögliche Ursachen für das Elutionsverhalten der Ionen. - 5.3 Prozesse beim Ausfrieren des Schmelzwassers. - 5.3.1 Entstehung verschiedener Eislagen. - 5.3.2 Verhalten der Ionen. - 6 Anwendung der Schmelzwasserperkolation. - 6.1 Dichte. - 6.2 Leitfähigkeit. - 6.3 Schneestratigraphie. - 6.4 Ionensignal. - 7 Datierung. - 7.1 Problemstellung. - 7.2 Ableitung einer Tiefe-Alter-Relation. - 7.3 Datierungsfehler. - 8 Ergebnisse und Diskussion. - 8.1 Interpretation der Ionenkonzentrationen hinsichtlich der Aerosolkomposition. - 8.1.1 Vergleich von Ionenzusammensetzung und Gesamtleitfähigkeit. - 8.1.2 Ableitung der Aerosolzusammensetzung für Akademii Nauk aus den Ionenzeitreihen. - 8.2 Langzeitliche Variationen. - 8.2.1 Diskussion des Sulfateintrags. - 8.2.2 Diskussion des Nitrateintrags. - 8.2.3 Diskussion des Chiarideintrages. - 8.3 Singuläre Ereignisse. - 8.3.1 Biomassenverbrennung. - 8.3.2 Vulkanogene Einträge. - 9 Ausblick. - A IC-Analysebedingungen. - B Bestimmung der Flüssigleitfähigkeit. - C Statistik und Zeitreihenanalyse. - C.1 Verwendung des Medianwertes. - C.2 Gauß'sches Tiefpaßfilter. - D Daten.
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  • 3
    Call number: AWI G7-18-91974
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 38 Seiten , 1 Beilage
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Preface. - Abstracts (in the alphabetic order). - The natural environment and cryosphere of the Tatra Mountains by Bogdan Gądek. - IASC Working Group on Arctic Glaciology. - General programme.
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  • 4
    Call number: AWI P1-19-92149
    In: Polar Research
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 142 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0800-0395
    Series Statement: Polar Research 19,1
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Preface / Helle V. Goldman, Bruce Forbes & Gary Kofinas. - Research planning in the face of change: the human role in reindeer/caribou systems / Gary Kofinas, Gail Osherenko, David Klein & Bruce Forbes. - Reindeer husbandry/hunting in Russia in the past, present and future / Leonid M. Baskin. - Chukotkan reindeer husbandry in the post-socialist transition / Patty A. Gray. - Nenets reindeer herders on the lower Yenisei River: traditional economy under current conditions are responses to economic change / Konstantin B. Klokov. - Reindeer pastoralism in modern Siberia: research and survival during the time of crash / Igor Krupnik. - Managing reindeer and wildlife on Alaska's Seward Peninsula / Jim Dau. - Response of reindeer and caribou to human activities / Scott A. Wolfe, Brad Griffith & Carrie A. Gray Wolfe. - High voltage transmission lines and their effect on reindeer: a research programme in progress / Eigil Reimers, Kjetil Flydal & Rune Stenseth. - Responses of West Greenland caribou to the approach of humans on foot / Peter Aastrup. - Arctic grazing systems and industrial development: can we minimize conflicts? / David R. Klein. - Regional effects of climate change on reindeer: a case study of the Muotkatunturi region in Finnish Lapland / Susan E. Lee, Malcolm C. Press, John A. Lee, Tim Ingold & Terhi Kurttila. - Reindeer in tundra ecosystems: the challenges of understanding system complexity / Feodor V. Kryazhimskii & Alexey N. Danilov. - Status, directions and priorities of reindeer husbandry research in Sweden / Öje Danell. - Need and opportunity for a North American caribou knowledge cooperative / Don Russell, Gary Kofinas & Brad Griffith. - Native reindeer herders' priorities for research / Johan Mathis Turi. - Letter from Varandei / Andrei V. Golovnev.
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  • 5
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Norrköping : HIRLAM-5 Projekt, SMHI
    Associated volumes
    Call number: AWI A13-19-92153
    In: HIRLAM newsletter, No. 41
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 174 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: HIRLAM newsletter 41
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS: Introduction - All Staff meeting 2002 / Per Undén. - Report of Hirlam Management Group visit to Met Éireann / Per Undén. - The operational HIRLAM at the Finnish Meteorological Institute / Kalle Eerola. - Recent changes in the operational suites at Météo-France / Dominique Giard. - HIRLAM operational activities in Met Éireann / Ray McGrath. - Operational HIRLAM at met.no / Ole Vignes. - SMHI operational HIRLAM systems / Lars Meuller. - Revision of the ECMWF humidity analysis 1: Construction of a gaussian control variable / Elías Valur Hólm. - A nudging procedure to assimilate analyses of cloud and precipitation in a version of HIRLAM / Bent Hansen Sass and Claus Petersen. - HIRLAM 4DVAR / Xiang-Yu Huang, Xiaohua Yang, Nils Gustafsson, Kristian Mogensen and Magnus Lindskog. - Progress in the investigation of problems in the operational 4d-var assimilation at Météo-France / Dominique Giard. - Recent and future developments in the turbulence modeling in HIRLAM / Geert Lenderink. - Parametrization of the effects of subgrid-scale orography / Laura Rontu and Kai Sattler. - ISBA tests in a Nordic area - an update / Simo Järvenoja. - Results of the SAT-MAP-CLIMATE project / Niels Woetmann Nielsen, Charlotte Hasager, Henrik Søgaard, Jens H Chrisensen, Niels Otto Jensen and Eva Bøgh. - Progress and problems in the Functional Boxes / Erik Bazile. - Status Kain Fritsch Rash Kristjansson and Hirlam 22 km experiences / Sander Tijm, Roy Wichink, Oscar van de Velde, Ben Wichers Schreur and Toon Moene. - The representation of shallow cumulus convection and associated cloud fields in the Rossby Centre Atmospheric modell / Colin Jones and Enrique Sanchez. - Parametrization of mountain-related effects in fine-scale HIRLAM - items for discussion / Laura Rontu. - Testing alternative lateral boundary strategies: A progress report / Aidan McDonald. - Current situation with the NH HIRLAM / Aarne Mannik and Rein Room. - Manipulations to determine the hybrid coordinate in HIRLAM / Per Undén and Nils Gustafsson. - Comparison of convection and condensation schemes under non-hydrostatic Hirlam model: A case study / Sami Niemela and Carl Fortelius. - Real time solution of forward and inverse air pollution problems with a numerical dispersion model based on short-term weather forecasts / Mikhail Sofiev. - Asyncronous I/O in HIRLAM / Ole Vignes. - HIRLAM coding styles / Gerard Cats. - NWP on a GRID compute environment / Gerard Cats. - HIRLAM verification scores, 1st quarter 2002 / Per Undén. - Validation test for HIRLAM 5.1.4: winter condition / Xiaohua Yang. - Recent tests of proposed revisions to the STRACO cloud scheme / Bent Hansen Sass and Xiaohua Yang.
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  • 6
    Call number: AWI Bio-19-92456
    In: Nova Hedwigia / Beiheft, 144
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IV, 545 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 9783443510633
    Series Statement: Nova Hedwigia / Beiheft 141
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Preface Curriculum Vitae List of Publications by Horst Lange-Bertalot Bahls, L.: Seven new species in Navicula sensu stricto from the Northern Great Plains and Northern Rocky Mountains. Blanco, S., B. Van de Vijver, A. Vinocur, G. Mataloni, J. Goma, M. H. Novais & L. Ector: Hippodonta lange-bertalotii Van de Vijver, Mataloni & Vinocur sp. nov. and related small-celled Hippodonta taxa. Burliga, A. L. & J. P. Kociolek : Four new Eunotia Ehrenberg species (Bacillariophyceae) from pristine regions of Carajas National Forest, Amazonia, Brazil. Cantonati, M., M. Leira, N. Angeli & C. Lopez Rodriguez: Naviculadicta langebertcdotii sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) from streams in Galicia (N-W Spain). Karthick, B., P. B. Hamilton & J. P. Kociolek: Taxonomy and biogeography of some Surirella Turpin (Bacillariophyceae) taxa from Peninsular India. Karthick, B. & Kociolek, J. P.: A new species of Pleurosigma from Western Ghats, South India. Metzeltin, D.: Eunotia langebertalotii, a new species from Lambir Hills National Park in Sarawak, tropical East Malaysia Monnier, O., L. Ector, F. Rimet, M. Ferreol & L. Hoffmann: Adlafia langebertalotii sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), a new diatom from the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg morpho­logically similar to A. suchlandtii comb. nov. Morales, E. A., K. M. Manoylov & L. L. Bahls: Fragilariforma horstii sp. nov. (Ba­cillariophyceae) a new araphid species from the northern United States of America Reichardt, E.: Der Artenkomplex um Gomphonema occultum E. Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot (Bacillariophyceae): Variability und drei neue Arten Stachura-Suchoples, K.: On taxonomy of Pliocaenicus costatus species complex, varieties, demes or/and morphological variability? Trobajo, R., D. G. Mann & E. J. Cox: Studies on the type material of Nitzschia abbreviata (Bacillariophyta) Van de Vijver, B., B. Chattova, D. Metzeltin & M. Lebouvier: The genus Pinnularia (Bacillariophyta) on lie Amsterdam (TAAF, Southern Indian Ocean) Van de Vijver, B., A. Jarlman, M. de Haan & L. Ector: New and interesting diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) from Swedish rivers Williams, D. M.: Diatoma moniliforme: Commentary, relationships and an appropriate name Ake-Castillo, J. A., Y. B. Okolodkov, S. Espinosa-Matias, F. del C. Merino-Virgilio, J. A. Herrera-Silveira & L. Ector: Cyclotella marina (Tanimura, Nagumo et Kato) Ake-Castillo, Okolodkov et Ector comb, et stat. nov. (Thalassiosiraceae): a bloom-forming diatom in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico Belando, M. D., A. Marin & M. Aboal: Licmophora species from a Mediterranean hyper-saline coastal lagoon (Mar Menor, Murcia, SE Spain) Reid, G.: Toxonidea langebertalotii sp. nov. A new marine diatom from the Salvages Islands Riaux-Gobin, C., R Compere, A. Y. Al-Handal & F. Straub: SEM survey of some small-sized Planothidium (Bacillariophyta) from coral sands off Mascarenes. (Western Indian Ocean) Khursevich, G. & Kociolek, J. P.: A preliminary, worldwide inventory of the extinct, freshwater fossil diatoms from the orders Thalassiosirales, Stephanodiscales, Paraliales, Aulacoseirales, Melosirales, Coscindiscales, and Biddulphiales 315 Kulikovskiy, M. S., G. K. Khursevich & A. Witkowski: Encyonema horstii sp. nov., a species of unusual valve outline from the Pleistocene deposits of Lake Baikal Witkowski, J., D. M. Harwood & M. Kulikovskiy: Observations on Late Cretaceous ma­rine diatom resting spore genera Pseudoaulacodiscus and Archaegoniothecium gen. nov. Jasprica, N., M. Caric, F Krsinic, T. Kapetanovic, M. Batistic & J. Njire: Planktonic dia­toms and their environment in the lower Neretva River estuary (Eastern Adriatic Sea, NE Mediterranean) Solak, C. N., L. Ector, A. Z. Wojtal, E. Acs & E. A. Morales: A review of investigations on diatoms (Bacillariophyta) in Turkish inland waters Bak, M. & A. Szlauer-Lukaszewska: Bioindicative potential of diatoms and ostracods in the Odra mouth environment quality assessment Starrat, S. W.: Holocene diatom flora and climate history of Medicine Lake, Northern California, USA. Medlin, L., I. Yang & S. Sato: Evolution of the Diatoms. VII. Four gene Phylogeny as­sesses the validity of celected araphid genera Lang, I. & I. Kaczmarska: Morphological and molecular identity of diatom cells retrieved from ship ballast tanks destined for Vancouver, Canada Buczko, K.: The Pantocsek diatom and photomicrograph collectio n from 19th to 21th cen­tury
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  • 7
    Call number: AWI G4-19-92520
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 470 Seiten , Illustrationen , 29 cm
    ISBN: 84-7840-429-5
    Series Statement: Publicaciones del Instituto Geológico y Minero de España : Serie Hidrogeología y aguas subterráneas 2
    Language: Spanish
    Note: ÍNDICE Presentación A MODO DE IN'TRODUCCION Los caminos del agua subterránea: esos grandes desconocidos PARTE PRIMERA: ACUÍFEROS Y RIOS Los acuíferos son los ríos Los Montes Universales: cuna de cursos fluviales El Guadiana: ¿un río?, ¿dos ríos? Dos acuíferos El Mundo, un río de alta cuna ¿Un nacimiento doble para un mismo río? El Ebro Guadalquivir y Segura: ríos hermanos PARTE SEGUNDA: ACUÍFEROS Y ABASTECIMIENTO URBANO Con cimientos de agua Castellón de la Plana: capital del agua subterránea faén y las aguas subterráneas: una dependencia ancestral El acuífero de Madrid: en la raíz del madroño Palma de Mallorca: agua subterránea motor de progreso Arteta: agua de manantial para Pamplona PARTE TERCERA: LOS HUMEDALES Y LAS AGUAS SUBTERRÁNEAS Aguazales y acuíferos Banyoles: el agua que recorre las entrañas de la tierra Las Lagunas de Villafáftla: un reducto húmedo estepario entre cultivos de secano, dehesas y pinares La Laguna de Gallocanta: un oasis palustre sobre el erial de la Depresión del Ebro La Albufera de Valencia: pozos, canales y arroz Delta del Ebro: dendritas de agua dulce en un mar de agua salada De la Laguna de Fuente de Piedra y de la "Fons Divinus" Doñana: filigrana de agua en la marisma PARTE CUARTA: AGUA SUBTERRÁNEA Y PATRIMONIO NATURAL Hidrogeología y naturaleza La Sierra de las Nieves: Gea,Agua, Vida El acuífero kárstico yesífero de Sorbas Los Picos de Europa, un depósito de agua construído por la Naturaleza La Serranía de Cuenca: las arquitecturas del agua Ojo Guareña, el complejo subterráneo más grande de España Larra y Urbasa: dos destacados sistemas kársticos navarros El Torcal de Antequera, ciudad de piedra con cimientos de agua El sistema acuífero del Parque Natural del Garajonay PARTE QUINTA: ACUÍFEROS LIGADOS AL DESARROLLO SOCIOECONÓMICO Las aguas subterráneas: una profunda transformación de nuestra geografia económica De un erial a un lago de plástico Una cultura del manejo del agua durante 500 años Un enclave de prosperidad en la estepa aragonesa Unas aguas misteriosas con mágicos poderes Bibliografia Créditos fotográficos , In spanischer Sprache
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  • 8
    Call number: AWI G7-19-92930
    In: Glacier mass balance bulletin, No. 7
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 87 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Glacier mass balance bulletin 7
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. SUMMARY DATA 2.1 SUMMARY TABLE (NET BALANCE, ELA, ELA0, AAR, AAR0) 2.2 CUMULATIVE SPECIFIC NET BALANCE GRAPHS 3. EXTENSIVE INFORMATION 3.1 WHITE (CANADA) 3.1.1 Topography and observational network 3.1.2 Net balance maps 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 3.1.3 Net balance versus altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.1.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.2 PEYTO (CANADA) 3.2.1 Topography and observational network 3.2.2 Net balance maps 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 3.2.3 Net balance versus altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.2.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.3 ZONGO (BOLIVIA) 3.3.1 Topography and observational network 3.3.2 Net balance maps 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 3.3.3 Net balance versus altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.3.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.4 WALDEMARBREEN (NORWAY/SVALBARD) 3.4.1 Topography and observational network 3.4.2 Net balance maps 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 3.4.3 Net balance altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.4.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.5 NIGARDSBREEN (NORWAY) 3.5.1 Topography and observational network 3.5.2 Net balance maps 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 3.5.3 Net balance versus altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.5.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.6 STORGLACIÄREN (SWEDEN) 3.6.1 Topography and observational network 3.6.2 Net balance maps 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 3.6.3 Net balance versus altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.6.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.7 VERNAGTFERNER (AUSTRIA) 3.7.1 Topography and observational network 3.7.2 Net balance maps 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 3.7.3 Net balance versus altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.7.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.8 DJANKUAT (RUSSIA) 57 3.8.1 Topography and observational network 3.8.2 Net balance map 2000/2001 3.8.3 Net balance versus altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.8.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.9 TSENTRALNIY TUYUKSUYSKIY (KAZAKHSTAN) 3.9.1 Topography and observational network 3.9.2 Net balance maps 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 3.9.3 Net balance versus altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.9.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.10 MALIYAKTRU (RUSSIA) 3.10.1 Topography and observational network 3.10.2 Net balance maps 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 3.10.3 Net balance versus altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.10.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.11 URUMQIHE S. NO. 1 (CHINA) 3.11.1 Topography and observational network 3.11.2 Net balance maps 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 3.11.3 Net balance versus altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.11.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 4. FINAL REMARKS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5. PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS AND NATIONAL CORRESPONDENTS 5.1 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS 5.2 NATIONAL CORRESPONDENTS OF WGMS
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  • 9
    Call number: AWI A3-20-93434
    In: Meteorologische Abhandlungen / Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Freien Universität Berlin, Band XXXII, Heft 1
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 121 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Meteorologische Abhandlungen / Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Freien Universität Berlin 32,1
    Language: German
    Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG
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  • 10
    Call number: AWI Bio-20-93530
    Description / Table of Contents: The Arctic tundra, covering approx. 5.5 % of the Earth’s land surface, is one of the last ecosystems remaining closest to its untouched condition. Remote sensing is able to provide information at regular time intervals and large spatial scales on the structure and function of Arctic ecosystems. But almost all natural surfaces reveal individual anisotropic reflectance behaviors, which can be described by the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). This effect can cause significant changes in the measured surface reflectance depending on solar illumination and sensor viewing geometries. The aim of this thesis is the hyperspectral and spectro-directional reflectance characterization of important Arctic tundra vegetation communities at representative Siberian and Alaskan tundra sites as basis for the extraction of vegetation parameters, and the normalization of BRDF effects in off-nadir and multi-temporal remote sensing data. Moreover, in preparation for the upcoming German EnMAP (Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program…
    Type of Medium: Dissertations
    Pages: circa 330 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Language: English
    Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract Kurzfassung Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables List of Abbreviations List of Symbols 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and Scientific Setting 1.2 Motivation and Research Questions 1.3 Structure of Thesis 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF HYPERSPECTRAL AND SPECTRO-DIRECTIONAL REMOTE SENSING 2.1 Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Vegetation 2.2 Spectro-Directional Remote Sensing of Vegetation 2.3 The EnMAP Satellite System 2.4 Spectro-Goniometer Systems for the Ground-Based Measurement of BRDF Effects 3 THE TUNDRA PERMAFROST STUDY LOCATIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT 3.1 The Eurasia Arctic Transect (EAT) 3.1.1 Geological and Climatic Setting 3.1.2 Vegetation 3.2 The North American Arctic Transect (NAAT) 3.2.1 Geological and Climatic Setting 3.2.2 Vegetation 4 OBSERVATIONS AND METHODOLOGY 4.1 Observations Used for this Study 4.1.1 The ECI-GOA-Yamal 2011 Expedition 4.1.2 The EyeSight- NAAT-Alaska 2012 Expedition 4.1.3 Data Used for Hyperspectral Characterization of Arctic Tundra 4.1.4 Data Used for Spectro-Directional Characterization of Arctic Tundra 4.2 Methodology Used for Field Work and Data Analysis 4.2.1 Field Spectroscopy and Hyperspectral Data Analysis 4.2.2 Considerations for the Field Spectro-Goniometer Measurements and the Spectro-Directional Data Analysis 5 DEVELOPMENT AND PRECOMMISSIONING INSPECTION OF THE MANTIS FIELD SPECTRO-GONIOMETER 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Theoretical Background 5.3 Description of the Field Spectro-Goniometer System 5.3.1 Construction Schedule 5.3.2 Description of the Field Spectro-Goniometer Platform (ManTIS) 5.3.3 Sensor Configuration of the AWI ManTIS Field Spectro-Goniometer 5.3.4 Measurement Strategy 5.3.5 Software for Semi-Automatic Control 5.4 Error Assessment 5.4.1 Radiometrical Accuracy 5.4.2 Pointing Accuracy 5.4.3 Ground Instantaneous Field of View and Sensor Self-Shadowing 5.4.4 Temporal Illumination Changes and Environmental Influences 5.5 Data Analysis 5.5.1 Data Processing 5.5.2 Data Visualization 5.6 Performance of ManTIS Field Spectro-Goniometer in the Field 5.6.1 Test Site and Experiment Setup 5.6.2 Results and Discussion 5.7 Conclusions and Outlook 6 HYPERSPECTRAL REFLECTANCE CHARACTERIZATION OF LOW ARCTIC TUNDRA VEGETATION 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Material & Methods 6.2.1 Study Area 6.2.2 Environmental Gradients/Zones and Vegetation Description 6.2.3 Data Acquisition and Pre-Processing 6.2.4 Data Analysis 6.3 Results 6.3.1 The Zonal Climate Gradient 6.3.2 Acidic Versus Non-Acidic Tundra (Soil pH Zones) 6.3.3 The Toposequence at Happy Valley (Subzone E) 6.3.4 The Soil Moisture Gradient at Franklin Bluffs (Subzone D) 6.4 Discussion 6.4.1 Overview of Field Characterization and Spectral Properties along the Gradients 6.4.2 Performance of Spectral Metrics and Vegetation Indices 6.5 Conclusions 7 RESULTS OF THE SPECTRO-DIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE INVESTIGATIONS 7.1 Overview of the Spectro-Directional Reflectance Characteristics of Low Arctic Tundra Vegetation 7.1.1 Representativeness of the Study Plots Representing Tundra Vegetation 7.1.2 Vaskiny Dachi – Bioclimate Subzone D 7.1.3 Happy Valley – Bioclimate Subzone E 7.1.4 Franklin Bluffs – Bioclimate Subzone D 7.2 Influence of High Sun Zenith Angles on the Reflectance Anisotropy 7.2.1 MAT (Happy Valley) 7.2.2 MNT (Franklin Bluffs) 7.3 Variability in Multi-Angular Remote Sensing Products of Low Arctic Tundra Environments 7.3.1 Spectro-Directional Variability of Different Low Arctic Plant Communities 7.3.2 Spectro-Directional Variability under Varying Sun Zenith Angles 8 DISCUSSION 8.1 The Hyperspectral Reflectance Characteristics of Tundra Vegetation in Context of the Spectro-Goniometer Measurements 8.2 Applicability of the ManTIS Field Spectro-Goniometer System 8.3 The Spectro-Directional Reflectance Characteristics of Tundra Vegetation 8.4 Variability in Reflectance Anisotropy at High Sun Zenith Angles 8.5 Applicability of Multi- Angular Remote Sensing Products for Arctic Tundra Environments 9 CONCLUSIONS & OUTLOOK Acknowledgments References Appendix Table of Contents of the Appendix References of the Appendix Statutory Declaration / Eidesstattliche Erklärung
    Location: AWI Reading room
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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