ALBERT

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: Erscheint alle 2 Jahre , Text in deutscher und englischer Sprache

Note: Contents Acknowledgement 1 Russian-German Co-operation 2 Expedition Itinerary 2.1 Working areas 2.2 General logistics and transportation 2.3 Technical Report of the Station Samoylov 2.4 Time tables of Working group 2.4.1 Team 1 (Samoylov Island) 2.4.2 Team 2 (Arga Complex) 2.4.3 Team 3 (Bykovsky Peninsula) 2.5 Participants of expedition 2.6 Participating institutions 3 Modern Processes in Permafrost Affected Soils 3.1 Objectives 3.2 Methods and field experiments 3.3 Preliminary results 3.3.1 Recent soil studies 3.3.2 Methane emission 3.3.3 In situ studies on CH4-Fluxes 3.3.4 Permafrost and ice wedge coring 3.4 Further investigations 3.5 References 4 Biological Research in the Lena Delta 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Zooplankton from Tundra Water Basin the Lena Delta 4.3 Avifauna of northwestern Lena Delta 4.4 Genetics Diversity and Taxonomy of Artic Lemming 5 Shore Erosion and Sediment Flux from Eroded Islands 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Methods 5.3 Results 5.4 Discussion and conclusions 6 Investigation of Run Off in the Sardakh-Trofimovsky Bifurcation Point of the Lena River Delta 6.1 Objectives 6.2 Previous Research 6.3 Measurements of 2001 6.4 Conclusions 6.5 References 7 Coastal Processes and Methane Dynamics in the Northwestern Part of the Lena Delta 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Pecularities of coastal processes and shoreline dynamics of the accumulative-erosive coastal system 7.3 Bathymetric measurements 7.4 Methane-related investigations of soils and waters in the Sanga-Dzhie region 7.5 Bathymetry and biogeochemistry of Sanga-Dzhie lagoon and Sanga lake lagoon at the western coast of Arga Complex 7.6 References 8 Paleoecological and Permafrost Studies of the Ice Complex in the Laptev Sea area (Bykovsky Pensinsula) 8.1 Introduction. objectives and logistics 8.2 Methods and field measurements 8.3 Preliminary results 8.4 Further investigations 8.5 References 9 Appendix Table A3-1: Soil types of the central Lena Delta Table A3-2: Soil profiles descriptions Table A3-3: Classification of soils of Samoylov Island Table A3-4: Characteristics of soil subtypes Table A3-3 Table A3-5: List of soil and plant samples Table A3-6: List of sediment and water samples Table A3-7: List of ice wedge samples Table A3-8: List of permafrost sediment samples Table A3-9: List of gas samples Table A4-1 : List of birds and their status in the study area Table A4-2: List of trapped lemmings Table A7-1 : Water temperature vertical profiles Table A7-2: Active layer depth in the Arga region Table A7-3: Investigation sites in the Arga region Table A7-4: List of samples from Arga region Table A8-1: Description of sedimentary units and samples Table A8-2: List of macrofossil samples Table A8-3: List of sediment samples Table A8-4: Description of ice in the ice wedges transects Table A8-5: List of ice wedge samples for isotope study Table A8-6: List of mammal bones on Bykovsky Peninsula

Note: Contents: Contributors. - Preface. - Introduction and Scientific Background / J.C.R. Hunt, J. Norbury and I. Roulstone. - 1. A view of the equations of meteorological dynamics and various approximations / A. A. White. - 2. Extended-geostrophic Euler-Poincare models for mesoscale oceanographic flow / J. S. Allen, D. D. Holm and P. A. Newberger. - 3. Fast singular oscillating limits of stably-stratified 3D Euler and Navier-Stokes equations and ageostrophic wave fronts / A. Babin, A. Mahalov and B. Nicolaenko. - 4. New mathematical developments in atmosphere and ocean dynamics, and their application to computer simulations / M. J. P. Cullen. - 5. Rearrangements of functions with applications to meteorology and ideal fluid flow / R. J. Douglas. - 6. Statistical methods in atmospheric dynamics: probability metrics and discrepancy measures as a means of defining balance / S. Baigent and J. Norbury.

Note: Contents Prologue Acknowledgments List of Symbols PART I Foundations 1 INTRODUCTION: The Basic Challenge 1.1 The Climate System 1.2 Some Basic Observations 1.3 External Forcing 1.3.1 Astronomical Forcing 1.3.2 Tectonic Forcing 1.4 The Ice-Age Problem 2 TECHNIQUES FOR CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION 2.1 Historical Methods 2.1.1 Direct Quantitative Measurements 2.1.2 Descriptive Accounts of General Environmental Conditions 2.2 Surficial Biogeologic Proxy Evidence 2.2.1 Annually Layered Life Forms 2.2.2 Surface Geomorphic Evidence 2.3 Conventional Nonisotopic Stratigraphic Analyses of Sedimentary Rock and Ice 2.3.1 Physical Indicators 2.3.2 Paleobiological Indicators (Fossil Faunal Types and Abundances) 2.4 Isotopic Methods 2.4.1 Oxygen Isotopes 2.4.2 Deuterium and Beryllium in Ice Cores 2.4.3 Stable Carbon Isotopes 2.4.4 Strontium and Osmium Isotopes 2.5 Nonisotopic Geochemical Methods 2.5.1 Cadmium Analysis 2.5.2 Greenhouse Gas Analysis of Trapped Air in Ice Cores 2.5.3 Chemical and Biological Constituents and Dust Layers in Ice Cores 2.6 Dating the Proxy Evidence (Geochronometry) 3 A SURVEY OF GLOBAL PALEOCLIMATIC VARIATIONS 3.1 The Phanerozoic Eon (Past 600 My) 3.2 The Cenozoic Era (Past 65 My) 3.3 The Plio-Pleistocene (Past 5 My) 3.4 Variations during the Last Ice Age: IRD Events 3.5 The Last Glacial Maximum (20 ka) 3.6 Postglacial Changes: The Past 20 ky 3.7 The Past 100 Years 3.8 The Generalized Spectrum of Climatic Variance 3.9 A Qualitative Discussion of Causes 4 GENERAL THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 4.1 The Fundamental Equations 4.2 Time Averaging and Stochastic Forcing 4.3 Response Times and Equilibrium 4.4 Spatial Averaging 4.5 Climatic-Mean Mass and Energy Balance Equations 4.5.1 The Water Mass Balance 4.5.2 Energy Balance 5 SPECIAL THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR PALEOCLIMATE: Structuring a Dynamical Approach 5.1 A Basic Problem: Noncalculable Levels of Energy and Mass Flow 5.2 An Overall Strategy 5.3 Notational Simplifications for Resolving Total Climate Variability 5.4 A Structured Dynamical Approach 5.5 The External Forcing Function, F 5.5.1 Astronomical/Cosmic Forcing 5.5.2 Tectonic Forcing 6 BASIC CONCEPTS OF DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS: Prototypical Climatic Applications 6.1 Local (or Internal) Stability 6.2 The Generic Cubic Nonlinearity 6.3 Structural (or External) Stability: Elements of Bifurcation Theory 6.4 Multivariable Systems 6.4.1 The Two-Variable Phase Plane 6.5 A Prototype Two-Variable Model 6.5.1 Sensitivity of Equilibria to Changes in Parameters: Prediction of the Second Kind 6.5.2 Structural Stability 6.6 The Prototype Two-Variable System as a Stochastic-Dynamical System: Effects of Random Forcing 6.6.1 The Stochastic Amplitude 6.6.2 Structural Stochastic Stability 6.7 More Than Two-Variable Systems: Deterministic Chaos PART II Physics of the Separate Domains 7 MODELING THE ATMOSPHERE AND SURFACE STATE AS FAST-RESPONSE COMPONENTS 7.1 The General Circulation Model 7.2 Lower Resolution Models: Statistical-Dynamical Models and the Energy Balance Model 7.2.1 A Zonal-Average SDM 7.2.2 Axially Asymmetric SDMs 7.2.3 The Complete Time-Average State 7.3 Thermodynamic Models 7.3.1 Radiative-Convective Models 7.3.2 Vertically Averaged Models (the EBM) 7.4 The Basic Energy Balance Model 7.5 Equilibria and Dynamical Properties of the Zero-Dimensional (Global Average) EBM 7.6 Stochastic Resonance 7.7 The One-Dimensional (Latitude-Dependent) EBM 7.8 Transitivity Properties of the Atmospheric and Surface Climatic State: Inferences from a GCM 7.9 Closure Relationships Based on GCM Sensitivity Experiments 7.9.1 Surface Temperature Sensitivity 7.10 Formal Feedback Analysis of the Fast-Response Equilibrium State 7.11 Paleoclimatic Simulations 8 THE SLOW-RESPONSE "CONTROL" VARIABLES: An Overview 8.1 The Ice Sheets 8.1.1 Key Variables 8.1.2 Observations 8.2 Greenhouse Gases: Carbon Dioxide 8.3 The Thermohaline Ocean State 8.4 A Three-Dimensional Phase-Space Trajectory 9 GLOBAL DYNAMICS OF THE ICE SHEETS 9.1 Basic Equations and Boundary Conditions 9.2 A Scale Analysis 9.3 The Vertically Integrated Ice-Sheet Model 9.4 The Surface Mass Balance 9.5 Basal Temperature and Melting 9.6 Deformable Basal Regolith 9.7 Ice Streams and Ice Shelves 9.8 Bedrock Depression 9.9 Sea Level Change and the Ice Sheets: The Depression-Calving Hypothesis 9.10 Paleoclimatic Applications of the Vertically Integrated Model 9.11 A Global Dynamical Equation for Ice Mass 10 DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERIC CO2 10.1 The Air-Sea Flux, Q↑ 10.1.1 Qualitative Analysis of the Factors Affecting Q↑ 10.1.2 Mathematical Formulation of the Ocean Carbon Balance 10.1.3 A Parameterization for Q↑ 10.2 Terrestrial Organic Carbon Exchange, W↑G 10.2.1 Sea Level Change Effects 10.2.2 Thermal Effects 10.2.3 Ice Cover Effects 10.2.4 Long-Term Terrestrial Organic Burial, W↓G 10.2.5 The Global Mass Balance of Organic Carbon 10.3 Outgassing Processes, V↑ 10.4 Rock Weathering Downdraw, W↓ 10.5 A Global Dynamical Equation for Atmospheric CO2 10.6 Modeling the Tectonically Forced CO2 Variations, µˆ : Long-Term Rock Processes 10.6.1 The Long-Term Oceanic Carbon Balance 10.6.2 The GEOCARB Model 10.7 Overview of the Full Global Carbon Cycle 11 SIMPLIFIED DYNAMICS OF THE THERMOHALINE OCEAN STATE 11.1 General Equations 11.1.1 Boundary Conditions 11.2 A Prototype Four-Box Ocean Model 11.3 The Wind-Driven, Local-Convective, and Baroclinic Eddy Circulations 11.3.1 The Wind-Driven Circulation: Gyres and Upwelling 11.3.2 Local Convective Overturnings and Baroclinic Eddy Circulations 11.4 The Two-Box Thermohaline Circulation Model: Possible Bimodality of the Ocean State 11.4.1 The Two-Box System 11.4.2 A Simple Model of the TH Circulation 11.4.3 Meridional Fluxes 11.4.4 Dynamical Analysis of the Two-Box Model 11.5 Integral Equations for the Deep Ocean State 11.5.1 The Deep Ocean Temperature 11.5.2 The Deep Ocean Salinity 11.6 Global Dynamical Equations for the Thermohaline State: θ and Sφ PART III Unified Dynamical Theory 12 THE COUPLED FAST- AND SLOW-RESPONSE VARIABLES AS A GLOBAL DYNAMICAL SYSTEM: Outline of a Theory of Paleoclimatic Variation 12.1 The Unified Model: A Paleoclimate Dynamics Model 12.2 Feedback-Loop Representation 12.3 Elimination of the Fast-Response Variables: The Center Manifold 12.4 Sources of Instability: The Dissipative Rate Constants 12.5 Formal Separation into Tectonic Equilibrium and Departure Equations 13 FORCED EVOLUTION OF THE TECTONIC-MEAN CLIMATIC STATE 13.1 Effects of Changing Solar Luminosity and Rotation Rate 13.1.1 Solar Luminosity (S) 13.1.2 Rotation Rate (Ω) 13.2 General Effects of Changing Land-Ocean Distribution and Topography (h) 13.3 Effects of Long-Term Variations of Volcanic and Cosmic Dust and Bolides 13.4 Multimillion-Year Evolution of CO2 13.4.1 The GEOCARB Solution 13.4.2 First-Order Response of Global Ice Mass and Deep Ocean Temperature to Tectonic CO2 Variations 13.5 Possible Role of Salinity-Driven Instability of the Tectonic-Mean State 13.6 Snapshot Atmospheric and Surficial Equilibrium Responses to Prescribed y-Fields Using GCMs 14 THE LATE CENOZOIC ICE-AGE DEPARTURES: An Overview of Previous Ideas and Models 14.1 General Review: Forced vs. Free Models 14.1.1 Models in Which Earth-Orbital Forcing Is Necessary 14.1.2 Instability-Driven (Auto-oscillatory) Models 14.1.3 Hierarchical Classification in Terms of Increasing Physical Complexity 14.2 Forced Ice-Line Models (Box 1, Fig. 14-1) 14.3 Ice-Sheet Inertia Models 14.3.1 The Simplest Forms (Box 2) 14.3.2 More Physically Based Ice-Sheet Models: First Applications 14.3.3 Direct Bedrock Effects (Box 3) 14.3.4 Bedrock-Calving Effects (Box 4) 14.3.5 Basal Meltwater and Sliding (Box 5) 14.3.6 Ice Streams and Ice Shelf Effects 14.3.7 Continental Ice-Sheet Movement (Box 6) 14.3.8 Three-Dimensional (λ, φ, hI) Ice-Sheet Models 14.4 The Need for Enhancement of the Coupled Ice-Sheet/Atmospheric Climate Models 14.5 Ice-Sheet Variables Coupled with Additional Slow-Response Variables 14.5.1 Regolith Mass, mr (Box 7) 14.5.2 The Deep Ocean Te

Note: CONTENTS: PREFACE. - Family Portulacaceae / V. V. Zuev. - Family lllecebraceae / N. K. Kovtonyuk. - Family Caryophyllaceae / K. S. Baikov (genus Dianthus), N. V. Vlasova (genera Stellaria-Scleranthus), V.V. Zuev (genera Spergula-Agrostemma, Steris-,Otites), and N.K. Kovtonyuk (genera Coccyganthe, Gastrolychnis - Vaccaria,and Saponaria). - Family Nymphaeaceae / N. K. Kovtonyuk. - Family Ceratophyllaceae / N. K. Kovtonyuk. - Family Paeoniaceae / N. V. Friesen. - Family Ranunculaceae / N.V. Friesen (genera Caltha-Aconitum and Thalictrum) and S. A. Timokhina (genera Anemonastrum-Ranunculus, and Adonis). - New Taxa. - MAPS OF PLANT DISTRIBUTION. - INDEX OF LATIN NAMES OF PLANTS.

Note: Inhalt: Die AWI-Forschungsstelle Potsdam - ein Beispiel gelungener Integration. - Die deutsche Polarforschung vor der Gründung der AWI-Forschungsstelle Potsdam. - Die Gründung und Entwicklung der Forschungsstelle Potsdam der Stiftung Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung. - Die Entwicklung der Atmosphärenforschung an der AWI-Forschungsstelle Potsdam. - Die Entwicklung der Periglazialforschung an der AWI-Forschungsstelle Potsdam. - Chronik. - Ausblick. - Dank.

Note: CONTENTS: Introduction - All Staff meeting 2002 / Per Undén. - Report of Hirlam Management Group visit to Met Éireann / Per Undén. - The operational HIRLAM at the Finnish Meteorological Institute / Kalle Eerola. - Recent changes in the operational suites at Météo-France / Dominique Giard. - HIRLAM operational activities in Met Éireann / Ray McGrath. - Operational HIRLAM at met.no / Ole Vignes. - SMHI operational HIRLAM systems / Lars Meuller. - Revision of the ECMWF humidity analysis 1: Construction of a gaussian control variable / Elías Valur Hólm. - A nudging procedure to assimilate analyses of cloud and precipitation in a version of HIRLAM / Bent Hansen Sass and Claus Petersen. - HIRLAM 4DVAR / Xiang-Yu Huang, Xiaohua Yang, Nils Gustafsson, Kristian Mogensen and Magnus Lindskog. - Progress in the investigation of problems in the operational 4d-var assimilation at Météo-France / Dominique Giard. - Recent and future developments in the turbulence modeling in HIRLAM / Geert Lenderink. - Parametrization of the effects of subgrid-scale orography / Laura Rontu and Kai Sattler. - ISBA tests in a Nordic area - an update / Simo Järvenoja. - Results of the SAT-MAP-CLIMATE project / Niels Woetmann Nielsen, Charlotte Hasager, Henrik Søgaard, Jens H Chrisensen, Niels Otto Jensen and Eva Bøgh. - Progress and problems in the Functional Boxes / Erik Bazile. - Status Kain Fritsch Rash Kristjansson and Hirlam 22 km experiences / Sander Tijm, Roy Wichink, Oscar van de Velde, Ben Wichers Schreur and Toon Moene. - The representation of shallow cumulus convection and associated cloud fields in the Rossby Centre Atmospheric modell / Colin Jones and Enrique Sanchez. - Parametrization of mountain-related effects in fine-scale HIRLAM - items for discussion / Laura Rontu. - Testing alternative lateral boundary strategies: A progress report / Aidan McDonald. - Current situation with the NH HIRLAM / Aarne Mannik and Rein Room. - Manipulations to determine the hybrid coordinate in HIRLAM / Per Undén and Nils Gustafsson. - Comparison of convection and condensation schemes under non-hydrostatic Hirlam model: A case study / Sami Niemela and Carl Fortelius. - Real time solution of forward and inverse air pollution problems with a numerical dispersion model based on short-term weather forecasts / Mikhail Sofiev. - Asyncronous I/O in HIRLAM / Ole Vignes. - HIRLAM coding styles / Gerard Cats. - NWP on a GRID compute environment / Gerard Cats. - HIRLAM verification scores, 1st quarter 2002 / Per Undén. - Validation test for HIRLAM 5.1.4: winter condition / Xiaohua Yang. - Recent tests of proposed revisions to the STRACO cloud scheme / Bent Hansen Sass and Xiaohua Yang.

Note: Contents: 1. Overview. - 2. Studies on Surface and Bedrock Topographies around Dome Fuji. - 3. Deep Ice Coring at Dome Fuji Station. - 4. Ice Core Analyses. - 5. Results of ice Core Analyses. - 6. Future Plan of Publication of the Dome Fuji Deep Drilling Project. - 7. Publications List. - 8. List of Investigators.

Note: Enthält 5 Zeitschriftenaufsätze , Dissertation, Göteborgs Universitet, 2002 , Table of Contents: Introduction Methods Summary of Papers Paper I Paper II Paper III Paper IV Paper V Conclusions and discussion Acknowledgements References Appendices Paper I: Late Quaternary stratigraphy of western Yamal Peninsula, Russia : new constraints on the configuration of the Eurasian ice sheet / Forman, S. L., Ingólfson, Ó., Gataullin, V., Manley, W. F., Lokrantz, H. Paper II: Late Quaternary stratigraphy, glacial limits and paleoenvironments of the Maresale area, western Yamal Peninsula, Russia / Forman, S. L., Ingólfson, Ó., Gataullin, V., Manley, W. F., Lokrantz, H. Paper III: Late Quaternary stratigraphy, Radiocarbon Chronology, and Glacial History at Cape Shpindler, Southern Kara Sea, Arctic Russia / Manley, W. F., Lokrantz, H., Gataullin, V., Ingólfson, Ó., Andersson, T. Paper IV: Glaciotectonised Quaternary sediments at Cape Shpindler, Yugorski Peninsula, Arctic Russia : implications of glacial history, ice movements and Kara Sea Ice Sheet configuration / Lokrantz, H., Ingólfson, Ó. and Forman, S. L. Paper V: Origin of a massive ground ice body on Yugorski Peninsula, Arctic Russia : buried glacier ice or intrasedimental segregation ice? / Lokrantz, H. and Ingólfson, Ó.

Note: Contents Preface Acknowledgments Authors' Affiliations 1 Introduction to ADIAC and This Book / Hans du Buf and Micha M. Bayer 2 Diatoms: Organism and Image / David G. Mann 3 Diatom Applications / Richard J. Telford, Steve Juggins, Martyn G. Kelly, and Bertrand Ludes 4 ADIAC Imaging Techniques and Databases / Micha M. Bayer and Steve Juggins 5 Human Error and Quality Assurance in Diatom Analysis / Martyn G. Kelly, Micha M. Bayer, Joachim Hurlimann, and Richard J. Telford 6 Contour Extraction / Stefan Fischer, Hamid R. Shahbazkia, and Horst Bunke 7 Identification Using Classical and New Features in Combination with Decision Tree Ensembles / Stefan Fischer and Horst Bunke 8 Identification by Curvature of Convex and Concave Segments / Robert E. Lake and Hans du Buf 9 Identification by Contour Profiling and Legendre Polynomials / Adrian Ciobanu and Hans du Buf 10 Identification by Gabor Features / Luis M. Santos and Hans du Buf 11 Identification by Mathematical Morphology / Michael H. F. Wilkinson, Andrei C. Jalba, Erik R. Urbach, and Jos B. T. M. Roerdink 12 Mixed-Method Identifications / Michel A. Westenberg and Jos B. T. M. Roerdink 13 Automatic Slide Scanning / Jose L. Pech-Pacheco and Gabriel Cristobal 14 ADIAC Achievements and Future Work / Hans du Buf and Micha M. Bayer Appendix: The Mixed Genera Data Set

Note: Inhalt: Vorwort. - 1. Einführung. - 1.1 Definitionen für Polargebiete. - 1.2 Abgrenzung der Polargebiete in der Nordhemisphäre. - 1.3 Abgrenzung der Polargebiete in der Südhemisphäre. - 1.4 Größe der Polargebiete. - 2. Naturausstattung und Naturraumpotenzial. - 2.1 Geologische Strukturen und Morphologie. - 2.1.1 Geologische Verhältnisse der Antarktis. - 2.1.2 Geologisch-morphologische Verhältnisse im arktischen Nordamerika. - 2.1.3 Geologisch-morphologische Verhältnisse in der eurasiatischen Arktis. - 2.2 Typisierung und Verbreitung von arktischen Frostmusterbodenformen. - 2.2.1 Texturböden. - 2.2.2 Strukturböden. - 2.2.3 Periglazialer Formenschatz. - 2.2.4 Regionale Verbreitung der Frostmusterböden. - 2.3 Die klimatischen Verhältnisse. - 2.3.1 Klimaklassifikation der Polarklimate. - 2.3.2 Strahlung. - 2.3.3 Temperatur. - 2.3.4 Winde. - 2.3.5 Niederschläge. - 2.3.6 Bewölkung und Nebel. - 2.3.7 Ozeanische Einflüsse. - 2.4 Polare Meere. - 2.4.1 Das Nordpolarmeer. - 2.4.2 Das Südpolarmeer. - 2.4.3 Die globale Bedeutung der Polarmeere. - 2.5 Gletscher- und Inlandeis. - 2.5.1 Gletscherzonierung. - 2.5.2 Bewegungsverhalten des Eises. - 2.5.3 Gletschertypen. - 2.5.4 Aktuelle Vergletscherung und Inlandvereisung. - 2.5.4.1 Nordpolare Vergletscherung. - 2.5.4.2 Südpolare Vergletscherung. - 2.6 Meereis. - 2.6.1 Zeitliche Schwankungen der Eisbedeckung. - 2.6.2 Eisdriftverhältnisse. - 2.6.3 Salzwassereisbildung und Salzgehalt. - 2.6.4 Salzwasser-Eisformen. - 2.6.5 Alterung von Salzwassereis. - 2.6.6 Abtauen des Salzwassereises. - 2.6.7 Schelfeis. - 2.6.8 Eisberge. - 2.7 Permafrost. - 2.7.1 Definition und Begriffe. - 2.7.2 Mächtigkeit, Alter und Temperaturverteilung. - 2.7.3 Verbreitung von Permafrost. - 2.7.4 Auftauschicht. - 2.7.5 Verfügbarkeit von Wasser in der Auftauschicht. - 2.7.6 Die ökologische Bedeutung des Permafrost. - 2.7.7 Degradierung des Permafrost. - 2.8 Böden. - 2.8.1 Die Entwicklung von Böden in der hochpolaren Region. - 2.8.2 Die Entwicklung von Böden in der subpolaren Region. - 2.9 Vegetation der Polargebiete. - 2.9.1 Die Herkunft der arktischen Vegetation. - 2.9.2 Vegetationsgeografische Gliederung. - 2.9.3 Vegetationstypen der Arktis. - 2.9.4 Kleinräumiges Vorkommen der arktischen Vegetation. - 2.10 Fauna der Polargebiete. - 2.10.1 Die terrestrische Fauna. - 2.10.1.1 Die terrestrische Fauna der Arktis. - 2.10.1.2 Die terrestische Fauna der Antarktis. - 2.10.2 Die marine Fauna. - 2.10.2.1 Die marine Fauna der Arktis. - 2.10.2.2 Die marine Fauna der Antarktis. - 3. Polarökologie. - 3.1 Biodiversität und Ökodiversität. - 3.1.1 Geringe biologische Diversität. - 3.1.2 Gründe für die geringe Artenvielfalt. - 3.1.3 Ökosystemvielfalt, Ökodiversität und Landschaftsdiversität. - 3.1.4 Spezialisierung. - 3.1.5 Fazit zur Biodiversität der Polargebiete. - 3.2 Strategien der Anpassung. - 3.2.1 Anpassungen der Vegetation. - 3.2.2 Anpassungen der Wirbellosen-Fauna. - 3.2.3 Anpassungen der Wirbeltier-Fauna. - 3.2.3.1 Felle, Federn und Fett. - 3.2.3.2 Überleben unter dem Schnee, Winterschlaf und Migration. - 3.2.3.3 Spezifisches Verhalten und physiologische Anpassungen. - 3.3 Energie-, Wasser- und Stoffhaushalt der terrestrischen Ökosysteme. - 3.3.1 Die Strahlungsbilanz. - 3.3.2 Der Standort-Wärmehaushalt. - 3.3.3 Der Wasserhaushalt. - 3.3.4 Pflanzliche Produktion, Stickstoff- und Kohlenstoffhaushalt. - 3.3.5 Nährstoffhaushalt der Böden. - 3.3.6 Schnee und Permafrost als Stoffspeicher. - 3.3.7 Stoffausträge und Fragilität. - 4. Der Mensch und die Inwertsetzung des Naturpotenzials. - 4.1 Die indigene Bevölkerung der Arktis. - 4.1.1 Herkunft und Verbreitung. - 4.1.2 Traditionelle Lebens- und Wirtschaftsformen. - 4.1.3 Erste marktwirtschaftliche Einbindung der indigenen Bevölkerung. - 4.1.4 Der tief greifende Wandel der indigenen Bevölkerung nach dem 2. Weltkrieg. - 4.2 Frühe europäische Siedler. - 4.2.1 Die Wikinger auf Grönland. - 4.2.2 Russische Fischer und Jäger. - 4.2.3 Die „Settler" Labradors. - 4.3 Aktuelle Gebietsansprüche und Autonomie. - 4.3.1 Die besondere Situation Svalbards (Spitzbergen). - 4.3.2 Die Verwaltung Grönlands. - 4.3.3 Autonomiebewegungen der Inuit Alaskas und Kanadas. - 4.3.3.1 Die Autonomiebewegung in Alaska. - 4.3.3.2 Die Autonomiebewegung in Kanada. - 4.3.4 Die besondere Situation der Antarktis. - 4.4 Die Nutzung der biotischen Ressourcen. - 4.4.1 Die „gemischte" Wirtschaft der indigenen Bevölkerung. - 4.4.1.1 Die Jagd auf Meeres- und Landwirbeltiere. - 4.4.1.2 Die Tierhaltung. - 4.4.1.3 Industrielle und indigene Fischerei in der Arktis. - 4.4.2 Die Nutzung der antarktischen biotischen Ressourcen. - 4.4.2.1 Die Robbenjagd. - 4.4.2.2 Der Walfang. - 4.4.2.3 Fischerei. - 4.5 Die nicht-erneuerbaren Ressourcen. - 4.5.1 Stand der Entwicklung in der Arktis. - 4.5.2 Nutzungskonflikte durch die Erschließung von Bodenschätzen. - 4.5.3 Stand der Entwicklung in der Antarktis. - 4.6 Tourismus, Forschung und militärische Nutzung. - 4.6.1 Arktischer Tourismus. - 4.6.2 Antarktischer Tourismus. - 4.6.3 Forschungs-, Bildungs- und militärische Aktivitäten. - 5. Gefährdung des Natur- und Lebensraumes. - 5.1 Großräumig wirksame Veränderungen. - 5.1.1 Klimaveränderung. - 5.1.2 Luftverschmutzung. - 5.1.3 Ozonabbau und Zunahme der UV-B-Strahlung. - 5.1.3.1 Ozonabbau in der Antarktis. - 5.1.3.2 Ozonabbau in der Arktis. - 5.1.4 Schadstoffbelastung in Polargebieten. - 5.1.4.1 Organische Schadstoffe und Schwermetalle. - 5.1.4.2 Radionukleide. - 5.1.4.3 Fazit zur Schadstoffbelastung der Polargebiete. - 5.2 Punktuelle Störungen. - 5.2.1 Lokale Stoffeinträge. - 5.2.2 Zerstörungen der Vegetationsdecke und des Permafrost. - 5.2.3 Störungen der Tierwelt. - 6. Literatur. - 7. Stichwortregister. - 8. Ortsregister.

Note: Russ. Ausgabe als AWI G2-02-0113 verfügbar

Note: Contents: Preface. - 1. Introduction: Distributions and Inference for Categorical Data. - 1.1 Categorical Response Data. - 1.2 Distributions for Categorical Data. - 1.3 Statistical Inference for Categorical Data. - 1.4 Statistical Inference for Binomial Parameters. - 1.5 Statistical Inference for Multinomial Parameters. - Notes. - Problems. - 2. Describing Contingency Tables. - 2.1 Probability Structure for Contingency Tables. - 2.2 Comparing Two Proportions. - 2.3 Partial Association in Stratified 2 x 2 Tables. - 2.4 Extensions for I x J Tables. - Notes. - Problems. - 3. Inference for Contingency Tables. - 3.1 Confidence Intervals for Association Parameters. - 3.2 Testing Independence in Two-Way Contingency Tables. - 3.3 Following-Up Chi-Squared Tests. - 3.4 Two-Way Tables with Ordered Classifications. - 3.5 Small-Sample Tests of Independence. - 3.6 Small-Sample Confidence Intervals for 2 x 2 Tables. - 3.7 Extensions for Multiway Tables and Nontabulated Responses. - Notes. - Problems. - 4. Introduction to Generalized Linear Models. - 4.1 Generalized Linear Model. - 4.2 Generalized Linear Models for Binary Data. - 4.3 Generalized Linear Models for Counts. - 4.4 Moments and Likelihood for Generalized Linear Models. - 4.5 Inference for Generalized Linear Models. - 4.6 Fitting Generalized Linear Models. - 4.7 Quasi-likelihood and Generalized Linear Models. - 4.8 Generalized Additive Models. - Notes. - Problems. - 5. Logistic Regression. - 5.1 Interpreting Parameters in Logistic Regression. - 5.2 Inference for Logistic Regression. - 5.3 Logit Models with Categorical Predictors. - 5.4 Multiple Logistic Regression. - 5.5 Fitting Logistic Regression Models. - Notes. - Problems. - 6. Building and Applying Logistic Regression Models. - 6.1 Strategies in Model Selection. - 6.2 Logistic Regression Diagnostics. - 6.3 Inference About Conditional Associations in 2 x 2 x K Tables. - 6.4 Using Models to Improve Inferential Power. - 6.5 Sample Size and Power Considerations. - 6.6 Probit and Complementary Log-Log Models. - 6.7 Conditional Logistic Regression and Exact Distributions. - Notes. - Problems. - 7. Logit Models for Multinomial Responses. - 7.1 Nominal Responses: Baseline-Category Logit Models. - 7.2 Ordinal Responses: Cumulative Logit Models. - 7.3 Ordinal Responses: Cumulative Link Models. - 7.4 Alternative Models for Ordinal Responses. - 7.5 Testing Conditional Independence in I x J x K Tables. - 7.6 Discrete-Choice Multinomial Logit Models. - Notes. - Problems. - 8. Loglinear Models for Contingency Tables. - 8.1 Loglinear Models for Two-Way Tables. - 8.2 Loglinear Models for Independence and Interaction in Three-Way Tables. - 8.3 Inference for Loglinear Models. - 8.4 Loglinear Models for Higher Dimensions. - 8.5 The Loglinear_Logit Model Connection. - 8.6 Loglinear Model Fitting: Likelihood Equations and Asymptotic Distributions. - 8.7 Loglinear Model Fitting: Iterative Methods and their Application. - Notes. - Problems. - 9. Building and Extending Loglinear/Logit Models. - 9.1 Association Graphs and Collapsibility. - 9.2 Model Selection and Comparison. - 9.3 Diagnostics for Checking Models. - 9.4 Modeling Ordinal Associations. - 9.5 Association Models. - 9.6 Association Models, Correlation Models, and Correspondence Analysis. - 9.7 Poisson Regression for Rates. - 9.8 Empty Cells and Sparseness in Modeling Contingency Tables. - Notes. - Problems. - 10. Models for Matched Pairs. - 10.1 Comparing Dependent Proportions. - 10.2 Conditional Logistic Regression for Binary Matched Pairs. - 10.3 Marginal Models for Square Contingency Tables. - 10.4 Symmetry, Quasi-symmetry, and Quasiindependence. - 10.5 Measuring Agreement Between Observers. - 10.6 Bradley-Terry Model for Paired Preferences. - 10.7 Marginal Models and Quasi-symmetry Models for Matched Sets. - Notes. - Problems. - 11. Analyzing Repeated Categorical Response Data. - 11.1 Comparing Marginal Distributions: Multiple Responses. - 11.2 Marginal Modeling: Maximum Likelihood Approach. - 11.3 Marginal Modeling: Generalized Estimating Equations Approach. - 11.4 Quasi-likelihood and Its GEE Multivariate Extension: Details. - 11.5 Markov Chains: Transitional Modeling. - Notes. - Problems. - 12. Random Effects: Generalized Linear Mixed Models for Categorical Responses. - 12.1 Random Effects Modeling of Clustered Categorical Data. - 12.2 Binary Responses: Logistic-Normal Model. - 12.3 Examples of Random Effects Models for Binary Data. - 12.4 Random Effects Models for Multinomial Data. - 12.5 Multivariate Random Effects Models for Binary Data. - 12.6 GLMM Fitting, Inference, and Prediction. - Notes. - Problems. 13. Other Mixture Models for Categorical Data. - 13.1 Latent Class Models. - 13.2 Nonparametric Random Effects Models. - 13.3 Beta-Binomial Models. - 13.4 Negative Binomial Regression. - 13.5 Poisson Regression with Random Effects. - Notes. - Problems. - 14. Asymptotic Theory for Parametric Models. - 14.1 Delta Method. - 14.2 Asymptotic Distributions of Estimators of Model Parameters and Cell Probabilities. - 14.3 Asymptotic Distributions of Residuals and Goodnessof-Fit Statistics. - 14.4 Asymptotic Distributions for Logit/Loglinear Models. - Notes. - Problems. - 15. Alternative Estimation Theory for Parametric Models. - 15.1 Weighted Least Squares for Categorical Data. - 15.2 Bayesian Inference for Categorical Data. - 15.3 Other Methods of Estimation. - Notes. - Problems. - 16. Historical Tour of Categorical Data Analysis. - 16.1 Pearson-Yule Association Controversy. - 16.2 R. A. Fisher's Contributions. - 16.3 Logistic Regression. - 16.4 Multiway Contingency Tables and Loglinear Models. - 16.5 Recent and Future? Developments. - Appendix A. Using Computer Software to Analyze Categorical Data. - A.1 Software for Categorical Data Analysis. - A.2 Examples of SAS Code by Chapter. - Appendix B. Chi-Squared Distribution Values. - References. - Examples Index. - Author Index. - Subject Index.

Note: Contents: Initial circumstances. - Conclusions. - State of affairs. - Detection and attribution of climate change. - Climate impact research. - The political dimension of climate change. - Climate protection from ethical points of view. - Economic aspects of climate politics. - Flexible instruments - the situation in Germany. - Legal framework for climate protection. - Trans-disciplinary evaluation of climate problems. - Trans-disciplinary evaluation of modelling future climates. - Preconditions for the determination of objectives in climate politics. - Elements of rational climate politics. - Precautionary principle and the principle of adequacy. - Economic and ethical rationality. - Strategies for coherent climate politics. -

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zur Startveranstaltung von DEKLIM C - ein Ein- und Ausblick / Ulrich Katenkamp. - Komplex 1: Vorstellung der DEKLIM C-Verbünde. - Der Einfluss von ENSO (El Niño - Southern Oscillation) auf die Wasserressourcen und die lokale Bevölkerung in einem Regenwaldrandgebiet Indonesiens / Regina Birner. - Klimawandel und präventives Risiko- und Küstenmanagement an der deutschen Nordseeküste (KRIM) / Michael Schirmer. - Sicherheitsdiagramme: Verbesserung eines neuen Ansatzes zur Bewertung des Risikos extremer Klimaereignisse für die Gesellschaft / Joseph Alcamo. - INTEGRATION: Integrated Assessment of Changes in the Thermohaline Circulation / Stefan Rahmstorf. - Komplex 2: Wie können Integration und Transdisziplinarität erreicht werden?. - Zwischen hehrem Anspruch und kruder Wirklichkeit - Integration als Aufgabe interdisziplinärer Forschungsverbünde / Antonietta Di Giulio, Rico Defila. - Interdisziplinäre Klimafolgenforschung zwischen Selbstorganisation und Auftragsforschung: Erfahrungen aus dem Projekt Klimaänderung und Unterweserregion (KLIMU) / Bastian Schuchardt. - DEKLIM C - Integration und Transdisziplinarität : Der Einfluss von ENSO auf nachhaltiges Wassermanagement und die ländliche Bevölkerung in einem Regenwaldeinzugsgebiet Indonesiens / Gerhard Gerold. - Die Verbindung von Top-down und Bottom-up: Organisation von Interdisziplinarität in KRIM / Bastian Schuchardt. - "Sicherheitsdiagramme" : Wie können Integration und Transdiziplinarität erreicht werden? / Joseph Alcamo. - Komplex 3: Wie können Öffentlichkeitswirksamkeit und Ergebnistransfer erreicht werden?. - Klimawirkungsforschung und Medien: Aus dem Alltag eines Journalisten / Eckart Klaus Roloff. - Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit am Beispiel eines DEKLIM C Forschungsprojektes / Gode Gravenhorst. - DEKLIM C Verbundvorhaben "Klimawandel und präventives Risiko- und Küstenschutzmanagement an der deutschen Nordseeküste (KRIM) / Michael Schirmer, Bastian Schuchardt. - "Sicherheitsdiagramme" : Wie können Öffentlichkeitswirksamkeit und Ergebnistransparenz erreicht werden?. - Liste der Teilnehmer. - Programm.

Note: CONTENTS Introduction Objectives and Scope of this Volume Taxonomic Considerations Varieties and Formae The "typifying variety" concept Taxonomic Citations Limitations Taxonomic Errors Some Observations on Antarctic Diatoms Antarctic Diatom Localities Antarctic Interior And Ice Shelves Transantarctic Mountains etc East Antarctic Coast Ross Sea Embayment Amundsen Sea Antarctic Peninsula Area Subantarctic Islands and Southern Continents Acknowledgments What This Compilation Includes Antarctic and Subantarctic Diatoms References Index of Species

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Lund, Lund University, 2002 , Contents Introduction Study areas Methods Results - summaries of papers Fieldwork and authorship contributions Paper I Paper II Paper III Paper IV Discussion Glaciations and landsystems Ice-sheet limits The nature of glacial cycles Conclusions Implications and ideas for the future Acknowledgements Svensk sammanfattning References Appendices I: Alexanderson, J.H. 2000: Landsat mapping of ice-marginal features on the Taymyr Peninsula, Siberia – image interpretation versus geological reality. Geological Quarterly 44(1) , 15-25. II: Alexanderson, H. , Hjort, C., Möller, P., Antonov, O. & Pavlov, M. 2001: The North Taymyr ice-marginal zone, Arctic Siberia – a preliminary overview and dating. Global and Planetary Change 31(1-4), 427-445. III: Alexanderson, H. , Adrielsson, L., Hjort, C., Möller, P., Antonov, O., Eriksson, S. & Pavlov, M. 2002: Depositional history of the North Taymyr ice-marginal zone, Siberia – a landsystem approach. Journal of Quaternary Science 17(4) , 361-382. IV: Adrielsson, L. & Alexanderson, H.: Two cycles of ice-sheet and coastal mountain glaciation in central East Greenland. Manuscript submitted to Boreas.

Note: System requirements for accompanying CD-ROM: Windows and Macintosh

Note: Contents Acknowledgements Executive Summary with Key Findings and Recommendations Current State of the Art Key Scientific Challenges and Recommendations Major New Synthesis Initiative Required Implementation of Arctic-CHAMP Policy Implications Summary 1. Introduction Rationale for Pan-Arctic Hydrologic Synthesis Report Framework 2. A Strategy for Detecting and Understanding Arctic Hydrological Change: Arctic-CHAMP Arctic-CHAMP Basic Long-Term Monitoring Arctic-CHAMP Field-Based Process Studies Arctic-CHAMP Synthesis Modeling Execution of Arctic-CHAMP 3. Role and Importance of Water in the Arctic System The Integrated Water Cycle of the Pan-Arctic Land Atmosphere Ocean Importance of Arctic Hydrology to the Arctic System Importance of the Arctic to the Earth System 4. Unprecedented Change to Arctic Hydrological Systems Changes to the Land-Based Hydrologic Cycle Changes to the Atmosphere The Changing Arctic Ocean and its Regional Seas 5. Impacts and Feedbacks Associated with Arctic Hydrological Change Direct Impacts on Ecosystems Arctic Water Cycle Change and Humans Land-Atmosphere-Ocean Feedbacks Land-Atmosphere-Ocean-Human Feedbacks 6. Implementation of Arctic-CHAMP References Appendix 1. NSF-ARCSS Arctic Hydrology Workshop Participants Appendix 2. Current Gaps in Understanding the Pan-Arctic Hydrological Cycle Appendix 3. Integration of Arctic-CHAMP with NSF and Other Federal Agency Initiatives Appendix 4. International Collaborations