ALBERT

Note: Inhalt: I. Allgemeines zu den Familien mit Kanalraphen. - 1. Die taxonomisches Bewertung des Kanalraphensystems. - 2. Gemeinsame und unterschiedliche morphologische Merkmale bei den pennaten Gattungen mit Kanalraphen. - 3. Terminologie. - 3.1. Ergänzender Glossar einiger Termini. - II. Spezieller Teil. - Ordnung Pennales. - Die Familien 4-6 mit Kanalraphen (Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae). - 4. Familie Bacillariaceae Ehrenberg. - 1. Bacillaria Gmelin. - 2. Nitzschia Hassall. - 3. Hantzschia Grunow. - 4. Cymbellonitzschia Hustedt. - 5. Cylindrotheca Rabenhorst. - 6. Simonsenia Lange-Bertalot. - 5. Familie Epithemiaceae sensu Karsten. - 1. Denticula Kützing. - 2. Epithemia Brébisson. - 3. Rhopalodia O. Müller. - 6. Familie Surirellaceae Kützing. - 1. Cymatopleura W. Smith. - 2. Surirella Turpin. - 3. Stenopterobia Brébisson. - 4. Campylodiscus Ehrenberg. - Tafeln 1-182. - Ergänzungen und Korrekturen. - Namenverzeichnis.

Note: Contents: Preface to the Second Edition. - Preface to the First Edition. - 1. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND. - History. - The Discovery of X-Rays. - The Discovery of X-Ray Diffraction. - History of Clay Mineralogy. - The Importance of Clay Mineralogy. - Box 1.1 Clay Minerals as Catalysts. - The Literature of Clay Mineralogy. - Summary. - References. - 2. NATURE AND PRODUCTION OF X-RAYS. - Box 2.1 Other Methods. - Safety and Protection. - Box 2.2 Defining a Dose of Radiation. - The Nature or X-Rays. - Continuous or White Radiation. - Characteristic Radiation. - General Absorption of X-Rays. - Characteristic Absorption. - Equipment for Producing and Recording X-Rays. - Stabilizing the Voltage. - Generating X-Rays. - The Diffractometer. - Step-Scanning with Automated Diffractometers. - The Single-Crystal Monochromator. - The Detector. - Signal Processing Circuitry. - The Strip-Chart Recorder. - An Example of a Checklist for Operating XRD Equipment. - Summary. - References. - 3. X-RAY DIFFRACTION. - Scattering. - Interference. - Scattering from a Row of Atoms. - Scattering from a Three-Dimensional Array of Atoms. - Bragg's Law. - Box 3.1 Diffraction and Reflection. - The Arithmetic of Scattering. - The Summation of Scattering Amplitudes. - The Structure Factor F. - Information from Intensity. - The Reciprocal Lattice. - Real versus Idealized Peaks on XRD Tracings. - The Interference Function F: Diffraction from a Crystal. - Whose Unit Cell Has a Unitary Scattering Factor. - The Lorentz-Polarization Factors. - Putting It All Together—Building an 001 Diffraction Pattern. - Exercise: Calculation of the Intensity from d(001) for Illite. - Points to Remember. - References. - 4. STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES: GENERAL TREATMENT. - General Structural Features. - Tetrahedral Sheets. - Octahedral Sheets. - Dioctahedral and Trioctahedral. - Joining the Sheets. - Stacking the Layers. - Properties. - Total Charge, Layer or Permanent Charge, and Variable Charge. - Electric Double Layer. - Exchangeable Ions or Cation-Exchange Capacity. - Interaction of Water with Clay Mineral Surfaces. - Interaction with Organic Compounds. - Classification. - Box 4.1 Nomenclature. - References. - 5. STRUCTURE, NOMENCLATURE, AND OCCURRENCES OF CLAY MINERALS. - The Individual Clay Minerals. - The 1:1 Layer Type. - Serpentine minerals. - Berthierine. - Odinite. - Kaolin minerals. - Box 5.1 Uses of Kaolinite. - Allophane and imogolite. - The 2:1 Layer Type, x = 0. - The 2:1 Layer Type, x ~ 1. - The trioctahedral subgroup. - The dioctahedral subgroup. - The 2:1 Layer Types with x 〈 1. - Illite. - Glauconite. - Smectite. - Box 5.2 Alteration of Ash-Fall Layers. - Vermiculite. - Chlorite. - Mixed-Layered Clay Minerals. - Mixed-layering, interlayering, and interstratification. - Illite/smectite (I/S). - Box 5.3 Reichweite or Ordering. - Models for smectite-to-illite transition. - MacEwan crystallite model. - Fundamental particle model. - Two-solid-solution model. - Chlorite/smectite (C/S). - Serpentine/chlorite. - Kaolinite/expandables (K/E). - Sepiolite and Palygorskite. - The Origin of Clay Minerals. - Summary. - Exercise: Calculating Structural Formulas. - Exercise: Making Structural Models of Layer Silicates. - References. - 6. SAMPLE PREPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR CLAY MINERALS. - Evaluating the Sample. - Disaggregating the Rock. - Separating Clay Minerals from Clastic Rocks. - Separating Clay Minerals from Carbonate Rocks. - Separating Clay Minerals from Sulfate Rocks. - Separating Clay Minerals from Unconsolidated Materials. - Box 6.1 Glacial Deposits, North American Interior. - Chemical Pretreatments. - Removal of Iron Oxides. - Removal of Organic Materials. - Saturating the Clay Minerals with Different Cations. - Particle-Size Separation. - Preparing the Oriented Clay Mineral Aggregates. - The Glass Slide Method. - The Smear Mount Method. - The Millipore® Filter Transfer Method. - The Centrifuged Porous Plate Method. - Dealing with Curlers or Peelers. - Making the Random Powder Mount. - Everyday random powder packs. - Freeze-dried random powder packs. - Ethylene Glycol Solvation. - Final Note. - References. - IDENTIFICATION OF CLAY MINERALS AND ASSOCIATED MINERALS. - Clay Mineral Identification—General Principles. - Illite and Glauconite. - Chlorite and Kaolinite. - Vermiculite. - Smectite. - Sepiolite, Palygorskite, and Halloysite. - 060 Reflections. - The Use of hkl Reflections for the Determination of Polytypes. - Chlorite Polytypes. - The Kaolin Polytypes. - The Micas, Illite, and Glauconite. - Nonclay Minerals. - Silica Minerals. - Feldspar. - Zeolites. - Carbonates. - Apatite, Pyrite, and Jarosite. - Gypsum, Anhydrite, Celestite, and Barite. - Lepidocrocite, Goethite, Gibbsite, and Anatase. - Summary. - References. - 8. IDENTIFICATION OF MIXED-LAYERED CLAY MINERALS. - Méring's Principles and Mixed-Layered Nomenclature. - The Q Rule, a Broadening Descriptor. - Mixed-Layered Clay Minerals. - Illite/Smectite. - Chlorite/Smectite and Chlorite/Vermiculite. - Kaolinite/Smectite. - Serpentine/Chlorite. - Mica/Vermiculite. - Summary. - References. - 9. QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS. - Required Sample Characteristics. - Sample Length. - Sample Thickness. - Sample Position. - Homogeneity of the Sample. - Equations for Quantitative Analysis. - Basic Quantitative Diffraction Equation. - Derivation of a Working Form of the Equation for Analysis. - The Method of the Orienting Internal Standard. - Mineral Reference Intensities. - General Comments. - Calculated Mineral Reference Intensities. - Practical Examples of the Application of Reference. - Intensities. - Measurement of Peak Intensity. - Comments and Summary. - References. - 10. DISORDER IN SMECTITE, ILLITE/SMECTITE, AND ILLITE. - Small Crystals in Reciprocal Space. - Turbostratic Disorder. - Theory. - Smectite. - Illite/Smectite. - Rotational Disorder in Illite and Illite/Smectite. - Cis-Vacant Elite and Interstratified Cis- and Trans-Vacant. - Illite/Smectite. - Conclusions. - References. - APPENDIX: MODELING ONE-DIMENSIONAL X-RAY PATTERNS. - The Input Variables. - Simulating the Instrument. - Describing the Clay Mineral. - Theory. - Structures of the Component Layers. - Advanced Techniques. - Pure Minerals. - Compositional Superstructures. - Layer Types Not Specifically Included. - Atom Types Not Incorporated in the Model. - Defect Broadening. - References. - INDEX.

Note: Table of Contents: Climate and American People. - Earth's climate: A dynamic system. - Why does earth's climate change?. - Can we change the climate?. - The Greenhouse Effect. - Why are Greenhouse gas amounts increasing?. - Aerosols: Sunscreen for the planet?. - How has climate changed in the past century?. - Can we predict climate change?. - What do climate models tell us about our future?. - Where do we go from here?

Note: CONTENTS: Flight plan 1998. - C130 schedule. - NGRIP 1998 schedule. - Overview of 1998 schedule. - Camp setup. - Quartering and buildings. - Number of field participants. - NGRIP 1998 sub programs. - SITREP. - Term of reference for the NG RIP field work. - Accidents and illness. - Mail to NGRIP participants. - Cargo shipments to Greenland. - Personnel transport 1998. - Booze and drugs. - Vacation in Greenland. - Shipping boxes. - Welcome to the NGRIP camp. - List of participants. - NGRIP camp load. - Kangerlussuaq and the surrounding area. - Thule Air Base, Greenland, Base Operations. - Other useful information for Thule passengers. - Uplift 1998. - Typical specifications for LC-130 and Twin Otter. - Useful data. - Coordination of C-130 in Kangerlussuaq. - Aviation weather reports. - Typical communication plan. - Summary of frequencies used in Greenland. - Phonetic alphabet. - Personal field equipment. - Operation of NERA lnmarsat M terminal. - Map of NGRIP camp. - NGRIP trenches. - Map of NGRIP area. - Map of Greenland. - Map of the ice divide north of GRIP. - Map of the magnetic declination in Greenland. - Density vs temperature of hole liquid. - Surface measurements near NGRIP. - Positions in Greenland. - Relevant distances and directions. - List of NGRIP addresses.

Note: Inhalt 1. Einleitung 2. Gebirge und Berge 3. Kurzer Überblick zur Geologie Sachsens 4. Die ertrunkenen „Inselberge" des Tief- und Hügellandes und Entsprechungen im Erzgebirge 5. Tertiärer Vulkanismus und berühmte Berge Sachsens 6. Schichtkämme und -rücken auf der Rumpffläche des Varistischen Gebirges mit Konvergenzen zur tertiären „Inselberg"-Formation 6.1. Der Collmberg-Schichtkamm 6.2. Schichtkämme und -rücken aus kulmischer und präkamabrischer Grauwacke und Rothsteiner Kieselschiefer 7. Rochlitzer Berg - Rest eines vulkanischen Tuffkegels der Rotliegendzeit 8. Elbsandsteingebirge Zusammenfassung Literatur

Note: Contents: Introduction / L. M. Parfenov. - Standards of geologic time scale / A. K. Val'kov, P. N. Kolosov, O. V. Grinenko. - Pleistocene ice-bearing complex in the Arctic - a vanishing ground ice land / M. N. Grigoryev. - Geological structures of frontal zones of orogenic belts / L. M. Parfenov, A. V. Prokopiev. - Geological structures of inner zones of orogenic belts / A. V. Prokopiev, V. S. Oxman, F. F. Tret'yakov. - Late Cenozoic (Younger than 7 MA) and recent deformation structures / O. V. Grinenko, V. S. Imaev, V. B. Spektor. - Ancient rocks of the continental crust / A. P. Smelov, A. B. Kotov. - Kimberlites and diamonds / V. K. Marshintsev. - Early-collisional gold deposits of eastern Yakutia / V. Yu. Fridovsky, I. I. Kolodeznikov. - Fuel mineral deposits / V. A. Kashirtsev, D. V. Mitronov. - Khonguruu zeolite deposit / K. Ye. Kolodeznikov. - Sirenevyy Kamen' charoite deposit / K. A. Lazebnik. - Kempendyay salt deformations / K. Ye. Kolodeznikov. - Geological structure and geological history of Yakutia / L. M. Parfenov. - Conclusions / V. B. Spector. , Teilw. in kyrill. Schr., , Text russ. und engl.

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Vorwort. - 1 Einleitung. - 2 Biologie der Flechten. - 2.1 Was sind Flechten?. - 2.2 Ökologie der Flechten. - 3 Methoden der Flechtenkartierung. - 3.1 Das Meßnetz. - 3.2 Auswahl der Trägerbäume für die Flechtenkartierung. - 3.3 Flechtenaufnahme. - 3.4 Auswertung der Flechtenkartierung. - 4 Einsammeln von Flechten. - 5 Untersuchen und Bestimmen von Flechten. - 5.1 Allgemeines. - 5.2 Diagnostisch wichtige Merkmale bei Flechten. - 5.2.1 Farbe des Lagers. - 5.2.2 Gestalt und Bildung vonen des Lagers (Morphologie). - 5.2.3 Bau der Flechten (Anatomie). - 5.3 Chemismus der Flechten: Bestimmung mit Hilfe von Farbreaktionen. - 6 Begriffserklärungen. - 7 Die Bestimmungsschlüssel. - 8 Literatur. - 9 Bildteil mit Artbeschreibungen. - Farb-Reakionen der VDI-Flechten. - Register.

Note: Contents: Preface to the Second Edition. - Preface to the First Edition. - Part 1. - 1 Preliminary Description of Error Analysis. - 1.1 Errors as Uncertainties. - 1.2 Inevitability of Uncertainty. - 1.3 Importance of Knowing the Uncertainties. - 1.4 More Examples. - 1.5 Estimating Uncertainties When Reading Scales. - 1.6 Estimating Uncertainties in Repeatable Measurements. - 2. How to Report and Use Uncertainties. - 2.1 Best Estimate ± Uncertainty. - 2.2 Significant Figures. - 2.3 Discrepancy. - 2.4 Comparison of Measured and Accepted Values. - 2.5 Comparison of Two Measured Numbers. - 2.6 Checking Relationships with a Graph. - 2.7 Fractional Uncertainties. - 2.8 Significant Figures and Fractional Uncertainties. - 2.9 Multiplying Two Measured Numbers. - Problems for Chapter 2. - 3. Propagation of Uncertainties. - 3.1 Uncertainties in Direct Measurements. - 3.2 The Square-Root Rule for a Counting Experiment. - 3.3 Sums and Differences; Products and Quotients. - 3.4 Two Important Special Cases. - 3.5 Independent Uncertainties in a Sum. - 3.6 More About Independent Uncertainties. - 3.7 Arbitrary Functions of One Variable. - 3.8 Propagation Step by Step. - 3.9 Examples. - 3.10 A More Complicated Example. - 3.11 General Formula for Error Propagation. - Problems for Chapter 3. - 4. Statistical Analysis of Random Uncertainties. - 4.1 Random and Systematic Errors. - 4.2 The Mean and Standard Deviation. - 4.3 The Standard Deviation as the Uncertainty in a Single Measurement. - 4.4 The Standard Deviation of the Mean. - 4.5 Examples. - 4.6 Systematic Errors. - Problems for Chapter. - 5. The Normal Distribution. - 5.1 Histograms and Distributions. - 5.2 Limiting Distributions. - 5.3 The Normal Distribution. - 5.4 The Standard Deviation as 68% Confidence Limit. - 5.5 Justification of the Mean as Best Estimate. - 5.6 Justification of Addition in Quadrature. - 5.7 Standard Deviation of the Mean. - 5.8 Acceptability of a Measured Answer . - Problems for Chapter 5. - Part II. - 6. Rejection of Data. - 6.1 The Problem of Rejecting Data. - 6.2 Chauvenet's Criterion. - 6.3 Discussion. - Problems for Chapter 6. - 7. Weighted Averages. - 7.1 The Problem of Combining Separate Measurements. - 7.2 The Weighted Average. - 7.3 An Example. - Problems for Chapter 7. - 8. Least-Squares Fitting. - 8.1 Data That Should Fit a Straight Line. - 8.2 Calculation of the Constants A and В. - 8.3 Uncertainty in the Measurements of у. - 8.4 Uncertainty in the Constants A and В. - 8.5 An Example. - 8.6 Least-Squares Fits to Other Curves. - Problems for Chapter 8. - 9. Covariance and Correlation. - 9.1 Review of Error Propagation. - 9.2 Covariance in Error Propagation. - 9.3 Coefficient of Linear Correlation. - 9.4 Quantitative Significance of r. - 9.5 Examples. - Problems for Chapter 9. - 10. The Binomial Distribution. - 10.1 Distributions. - 10.2 Probabilities in Dice Throwing. - 10.3 Definition of the Binomial Distribution. - 10.4 Properties of the Binomial Distribution. - 10.5 The Gauss Distribution for Random Errors. - 10.6 Applications; Testing of Hypotheses. - Problems for Chapter 10. - 11. The Poisson Distribution. - 11.1 Definition of the Poisson Distribution. - 11.2 Properties of the Poisson Distribution. - 11.3 Applications. - 11.4 Subtracting a Background. - Problems for Chapter 11. - 12. The Chi-Squared Test for a Distribution. - 12.1 Introduction to Chi Squared. - 12.2 General Definition of Chi Squared. - 12.3 Degrees of Freedom and Reduced Chi Squared. - 12.4 Probabilities for Chi Squared. - 12.5 Examples. - Problems for Chapter 12. - Appendixes. - Appendix A. Normal Error Integral, I. - Appendix B. Normal Error Integral, II. - Appendix C. Probabilities for Correlation Coefficients. - Appendix D. Probabilities for Chi Squared. - Appendix E. Two Proofs Concerning Sample Standard Deviations. - Bibliography. - Answers to Quick Checks and Odd-Numbered Problems. - Index.

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS PROLOGUE INDICATORS INTRODUCTION ICE VOLUME Glacial Moraines Shorelines Oxygen Isotopes Summary TEMPERATURE Mountaintop Temperatures Polar Temperatures Sea Surface Teiμperatures Continental Temperatures The Tropical Temperature Dilemma ARIDITY Precipitation Rock Varnish Dust ATMOSPHERIC GAS COMPOSITION Carbon Dioxide Methane Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric Gases OCEANIC CHEMISTRY Trace Metals Carbon Isotopes RATE OF DEEP SEA VENTUATION CO3 Concentration Paleo pH Preservation Events CLOCKS INTRODUCTION THE RADIOCARBON CLOCK ANNUAL CLOCKS THE URANIUM-THORIUM CLOCK CLOCKS READING MORE THAN 50,000 YEARS THE POTASSIUM-ARGON CLOCK PLANETARY CLOCKS IN SITU PRODUCTION CLOCKS SUNDIALS RECORDS SETTING THE STAGE: 55 MILLION YEARS OF POLAR COOLING MILANKOVITCH CYCLES THE LAST 160,000 YEARS THE LAST TERMINATION DANSGAARD-OESCHGER EVENTS HEINRICH EVENTS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DANSGAARD-OESCHGER EVENTS AND HEINRICH EVENTS PHYSICS INTRODUCTION WATER VAPOR THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION FRESH WATER FLUXES MODE SWITCH TRIGGERS EPILOGUE BIBLIOGRAPHY PROBLEMS APPENDICES ∑CO2 and Alkalinity in the Sea What Drives Glacial Cycles? (Scientific American) The Great Ocean Conveyor (Oceanography)

Note: CONTENTS: Preface. - Glossary of some Mongolian words. - Spelling. - 1. A brief history of botanical research in Mongolia. - 2. Introduction to the country. - 2.1 Geographical position and administrative division. - 2.2 Topography. - 2.3 Hydrography. - 2.4 Climate. - 2.5 Vegetation zones of Mongolia. - 3. Methods of vegetation analysis. - 4. The plant communities of Mongolia. - 4.1 Needle-leaved forest. - 4.2 Broad-leaved forest. - 4.3 Shrubbery. - 4.4 Tall-forb vegetation. - 4.5 Steppe. - 4.6 Vegetation of rocky and stony sites. - 4.7 Semi-desert vegetation. - 4.8 Desert vegetation. - 4.9 Alpine vegetation. - 4.10 Aquatic vegetation. - 4.11 Marshland vegetation. - 4.12 Montane seep water and stream vegetation. - 4.13 Isoeto-Nanojuncetea. - 4.14 Bidentetea. - 4.15 Hatophytic vegetation. - 4.16 Meadow and pasture. - 4.17 Arable fields. - 4.18 Ruderal vegetation. - 5. Human impact on plant communities. - 6. Vegetation profiles of some selected geographical areas. - 7. Future research on the vegetation of Mongolia. - 8. References. - 9. Index.

Note: Contents: 1 Global Distribution of Lakes / M. MEYBECK. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Background Material and Approaches to Global Lake Census. - 2.1 Data Used. - 2.2 Approaches to Global Lake Census. - 3 General Laws of Lake Distribution. - 3.1 Lake Density . - 3.2 Limnic Ratio. - 4 Distribution of Lakes of Tectonic Origin. - 5 Lakes of Glacial Origin. - 5.1 Lake Densities. - 5.2 Global Deglaciated Area. - 5.3 Total Number of Glacial Lakes. - 6 Fluvial Lakes. - 7 Global Distribution of Crater Lakes. - 8 Global Distribution of Saline Lakes. - 8.1 Coastal Lagoons. - 8.2 Salinized Lakes due to Evaporation. - 9 Global Lake Distribution. - 9.1 Extrapolation Approach. - 9.2 Lake Type Approach. - 9.3 Climatic Typology Approach. - 9.4 Lake Distribution in Endorheic Areas. - 9.5 Global Dissolved Salt Distribution in Lakes. - 10 Major Changes in Global Lake Distribution in the Geological Past. - 10.1 Lake Ages. - 10.2 Historical Changes. - 10.3 Postglacial Changes. - 11 Discussion and Conclusions. - References. - 2 Hydrological Processes and the Water Budget of Lakes / T. C. WINTER. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Hydrological System with Regard to Lakes. - 2.1 Interaction of Lakes with Atmospheric Water. - 2.2 Interaction of Lakes with Surface Water. - 2.3 Interaction of Lakes with Subsurface Water. - 2.4 Change in Lake Volume. - 3 Summary. - References. - 3 Hydrological and Thermal Response of Lakes to Climate: Description and Modeling / S. W. HOSTETLER. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Hydrological Response. - 3 The Hydrological Budget. - 4 Hydrological Models. - 5 Thermal Response. - 5.1 Energy Budget and Energy Budget Models. - 5.2 Models and Modeling. - 6 Use of Models to Link Lakes with Climate Change. - 7 Input Data Sets. - 8 Sample Applications. - 9 Summary. - References. - 4 Mixing Mechanisms in Lakes / D. M. IMBODEN and A. WÜEST. - 1 Transport and Mixing. - 2 Lakes as Physical Systems. - 3 Fluid Dynamics: Mathematical Description of Advection and Diffusion. - 3.1 Equations of Fluid Motion. - 3.2 Turbulence, Reynolds' Stress, and Eddy Diffusion. - 3.3 Vertical Momentum Equation. - 3.4 Nonlocal Diffusion and Transilient Mixing. - 4 Density and Stability of Water Column. - 4.1 Equation of State of Water. - 4.2 Potential Temperature and Local Vertical Stability. - 5 Energy Fluxes: Driving Forces Behind Transport and Mixing. - 5.1 Thermal Energy. - 5.2 Potential Energy. - 5.3 Kinetic Energy. - 5.4 Turbulent Kinetic Energy Balance in Stratified Water. - 5.5 Internal Turbulent Energy Fluxes: Turbulence Cascade. - 6 Mixing Processes in Lakes. - 6.1 Waves and Mixing. - 6.2 Mixing in the Surface Layer. - 6.3 Diapycnal Mixing. - 6.4 Boundary Mixing. - 6.5 Double Diffusion. - 6.6 Isopycnal Mixing. - 7 Mixing and Its Ecological Relevance. - 7.1 Time Scales of Mixing. - 7.2 Reactive Species and Patchiness. - 7.3 Mixing and Growth: The Search for an Ecological Steering Factor. - References. - 5 Stable Isotopes of Fresh and Saline Lakes / J. R. GAT. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 Isotope Separatio During Evaporation. - 2 Small-Area Lakes. - 2.1 Seasonal and Annual Changes. - 2.2 Deep Freshwater Lakes. - 2.3 Transient Surface-Water Bodies. - 3 Interactive and Feedback Systems. - 3.1 Network of Surface-Water Bodies. - 3.2 Recycling of Reevaporated Moisture into the Atmosphere. - 3.3 Large Lakes. - 3.4 Large-Area Lakes with Restricted Circulation. - 4 Saline Lakes. - 4.1 Isotope Hydrology of Large Salt Lakes. - 4.2 Ephemeral Salt Lakes and Sabkhas. - 5 Isotopie Paleolimnology. - 6 Conclusions: From Lakes to Oceans. - References. - 6 Exchange of Chemicals Between the Atmosphere and Lakes / P. VLAHOS, D. MACKAY, S. J. EISENREICH, and KC. HORNBUCKLE. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Air-Water Partitioning Equilibria. - 3 Diffusion Between Water and Air. - 4 Volatilization and Absorption: Double-Resistance Approach. - 5 Factors Affecting Mass-Transfer Coefficients. - 6 Partitioning of Chemical to Paniculate Matter in Air and Water. - 6.1 Air. - 6.2 Water. - 7 Atmospheric Deposition Processes. - 7.1 Dry Deposition. - 7.2 Wet Deposition. - 8 Specimen Calculation. - 8.1 Step 1: Physicochemical Properties. - 8.2 Step 2: Mass-Transfer Coefficients. - 8.3 Step 3: Sorption in Air and Water. - 8.4 Step 4: Equilibrium Status. - 8.5 Step 5: Volatilization and Deposition Rates. - 9 Role of Air-Water Exchange in Lake Mass Balances. - 10 Case Studies. - 10.1 Mass Balance on Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale. - 10.2 Mass Balance on Lake Superior. - 10.3 Air-Water Exchange in Green Bay, Lake Michigan. - 10.4 Air-Water Exchange in Lake Superior. - 11 Conclusions. - References. - 7 Atmospheric Depositions: Impact of Acids on Lakes / W. STUMM and J. SCHNOOR. - Abstract. - 1 Introduction: Anthropogenic Generation of Acidity. - 1.1 Genesis of Acid Precipitation. - 2 Acidity and Alkalinity: Neutralizing Capacities. - 2.1 Transfer of Acidity (or Alkalinity) from Pollution Through the Atmosphere to Ecosystems. - 3 Acidification of Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems. - 3.1 Disturbance of H+ Balance from Temporal or Spatial Decoupling of the Production and Mineralization of the Biomass. - 3.2 In Situ H+ Ion Neutralization in Lakes. - 3.3 Krug and Frink Revisited. - 4 Brønsted Acids and Lewis Acids: Pollution by Heavy Metals, as Influenced by Acidity. - 4.1 Cycling of Metals. - 4.2 Pb in Soils. - 5 Impact of Acidity on Ecology in Watersheds. - 5.1 Soils. - 5.2 Lakes. - 5.3 Nitrogen Saturation of Forests. - 6 Critical Loads. - 6.1 Critical Load Maps. - 6.2 Models for Critical Load Evaluation. - 7 Case Studies. - 7.1 Chemical Weathering of Crystalline Rocks in the Catchment Area of Acidic Ticino Lakes, Switzerland. - 7.2 Watershed Manipulation Project at Bear Brooks, Maine. - 8 Summary. - References. - 8 Redox-Driven Cycling of Trace Elements in Lakes / J. HAMILTON-TAYLOR and W. DAVISON. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Major Biogeochemical Cycles and Pathways. - 3 Iron and Manganese. - 3.1 Transformations and Cycling. - 3.2 Iron and Manganese Compounds as Carrier Phases. - 4 Sediment-Water Interface. - 4.1 Diffusive Flux from Sediments. - 4.2 Evidence of Little or No Diffusive Efflux from Sediments. - 4.3 Transient Remobilization. - 4.4 Diffusive Flux into Sediments. - 5 Pathways Involving Redox Reactions Directly: Case Studies. - 5.1 Arsenic. - 5.2 Chromium. - 5.3 239,240Pu. - 5.4 Selenium 6 Pathways Involving Redox Reactions Indirectly: Case Studies. - 6.1 137Cs. - 6.2 Stable Pb, 210Pb, and 210Po. - 6.3 Zinc. - 7 Summary and Conclusions. - References. - 9 Comparative Geochemistry of Marine Saline Lakes / F. T. MACKENZIE, S. VINK, R. WOLLAST, and L. CHOU. - 1 Introduction. - 2 General Characteristics of Marine Saline Lakes. - 3 Comparative Sediment-Pore-Water Reactions. - 3.1 Mangrove Lake, Bermuda. - 3.2 Solar Lake, Sinai. - 4 Conclusions. - References. - 10 Organic Matter Accumulation Records in Lake Sediments / P. A. MEYERS and R. ISHIWATARI. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 Significance of Organic Matter in Lake Sediments. - 1.2 Origins of Organic Matter to Lake Sediments. - 1.3 Alterations of Organic Matter During Deposition. - 1.4 Similarities and Differences Between Organic Matter in Sediments of Lakes and Oceans. - 1.5 Dating of Lake-Sediment Records. - 2 Indicators of Sources and Alterations of Total Organic Matter in Lake Sediments. - 2.1 Source Information Preserved in C/N Ratios of Sedimentary Organic Matter. - 2.2 Source Information from Carbon-Stable Isotopic Compositions. - 2.3 Source Information from Nitrogen-Stable Isotopic Compositions. - 3 Origin and Alterations of Humic Substances. - 4 Sources and Alterations of Lipid Biomarkers. - 4.1 Alteration of Lipids During Deposition. - 4.2 Changes in Sources vs Selective Diagenesis. - 4.3 Effects of Sediment Grain Size on Geolipid Compositions. - 4.4 Source Records of Alkanes in Lake Sediments. - 4.5 Preserv

Note: INHALTSVERZEICHNIS: Einleitung. - Teil I Eindimensionale stochastische Differentialgleichungen erster Ordnung. - Kapitel 1. Stochastische Integrale und Differentiale. - § 1. Der WIENERprozeß. - § 2. Das stochastische Integral. - § 3. Eigenschaften des stochastischen Integrals als Punktion der oberen Grenze. - § 4. Stochastische Integrale mit zufälligen Grenzen. - Kapitel 2. Lösungen von stochastischen Differentialgleichungen. - § 5. Die stochastische Differentialgleichung erster Ordnung. - § 6. Existenz und Eindeutigkeit der Lösungen von stochastischen Differentialgleichungen. - § 7. Parameterabhängige stochastische Differentialgleichungen. - § 8. Die Abhängigkeit der Lösungen stochastischer Differentialgleichungen von den Anfangsbedingungen. - Kapitel 3. Lösungen von stochastischen Differentialgleichungen und MARKOWsche Diffusionsprozesse. - § 9. MARKOWsche Prozesse. Diffusionsprozesse. - § 10. Diffusionsprozesse als Lösungen von stochastischen Differentialgleichungen. - §11. Die Gleichungen von A. N. KOLMOGOROW. - § 12. Über Maße, die durch die Diffusionsprozesse in den Funktionenraum induziert werden. - § 13. Formeln für die Dichte der Übergangswahrscheinlichkeit. - § 14. Die Gleichungen von A. N. KOLMOGOROW für die Dichte der Übergangswahrscheinlichkeit. - § 15. Zeithomogene Lösungen von stochastischen Differentialgleichungen. - Kapitel 4. Das asymptotische Verhalten der Lösungen stochastischer Gleichungen. - § 16. Beschränktheit und Unbeschränktheit der Lösungen stochastischer Gleichungen. - § 17. Sätze über das asymptotische Verhalten der Lösungen stochastischer Gleichungen. - § 18. Ergodensätze. - § 19. Die Stabilität der Lösungen stochastischer Differentialgleichungen. - § 20. Einige andere Grenzwertsätze Kapitel 5. Stochastische Differentialgleichungen auf einem endlichen räumlichen Intervall. - § 21. Randbedingungen an den Intervallenden. - § 22. Der Prozeß mit Absorption am Band. - § 23. Die momentane Reflexion am Rand. - § 24. Die verzögerte Reflexion am Rand. - § 25. Prozesse mit sprungartiger Reflexion am Rand. - Teil II Systeme von stochastischen Differentialgleichungen. - Kapitel 1. Stochastische Vektordifferentialgleichungen. - § 1. Das stochastische Kurvenintegral. - § 2. Das stochastische Kurvenintegral als Punktion der oberen Grenze. - § 3. Die stochastische Differentialgleichung. - Kapitel 2. Stochastische Differentialgleichungen ohne Nachwirkung. - § 4. Einführende Bemerkungen. - § 5. Gewisse Spezialfälle von stochastischen Integralen. - § 6. Die verallgemeinerte Irö-Formel für stochastische Differentiale. - § 7. Stochastische Differentialgleichungen ohne Nachwirkung. - § 8. Parameterabhängige stochastische Differentialgleichungen. Die Differenzierbarkeit nach den Anfangswerten. - § 9. Lösungen von stochastischen Differentialgleichungen als MAKKOWsche Prozesse. - § 10. Verteilungen von Funktionalen von Lösungen stochastischer Differentialgleichungen. - § 11. Einige Probleme bei homogenen stochastischen Differentialgleichungen. - Kapitel 3. Das asymptotische Verhalten der Lösungen stochastischer Differentialgleichungen. - § 12. Die Stabilität der Lösungen stochastischer Differentialgleichungen. - § 13. Die Beschränktheit der Lösungen stochastischer Differentialgleichungen. - § 14. Grenzwertsätze für stochastische Differentialgleichungen. - Literaturverzeichnis. - Sachverzeichnis. , Aus dem Russischen übersetzt

Note: Inhalt: Moose - Bryophyta. - I. Schlüssel für die Verwandtschaftsgruppen Bryophyta (Moose) und Pteridophyta (Farnpflanzen). - Il. Schlüssel für die Hauptgruppen der Bryophyta (Moose) nach dem Sporophyten (Sporogon). - III. Schlüssel für die Hauptgruppen der Bryophyta (Moose) nach dem Gametophyten (Moospflanze). - IV. Systematischer Teil - Artenschlüssel. - 1. Klasse Anthocerotae (Anthocerotopsida), Hornmoose. - 2. Klasse Hepaticae (Marchantiopsida), Lebermoose. - 1. Unterklasse Sphaerocarpidae. - Ordnung Sphaerocarpales. - 2. Unterklasse Marchantiidae. - 1. Ordnung Marchantiales. - 2. Ordnung Ricciales. - 3. Unterklasse Metzgeriidae. - Ordnung Metzgeriales. - 1. Familie Metzgeriaceae. - 2. Familie Aneuraceae. - 3. Familie Pelliaceae. - 4. Familie Pallaviciniaceae. - 5. Familie Blasiaceae. - 6. Familie Codoniaceae. - 4. Unterklasse Jungermanniidae. - 1. Ordnung Calobryales. - 2. Ordnung Jungermanniales. - 1. Familie Lepicoleaceae. - 2. Familie Herbertaceae. - 3. Familie Pseudolepicoleaceae. - 4. Familie Trichocoleaceae. - 5. Familie Lepidoziaceae. - 6. Familie Calypogeiaceae. - 7. Familie Adelanthaceae. - 8. Familie Cephaloziaceae. - 9. Familie Cephaloziellaceae. - 10. Familie Antheliaceae. - 11. Familie Lophoziaceae. - 12. Familie Jungermanniaceae. - 13. Familie Mesoptychiaceae. - 14. Familie Gymnomitriaceae. - 15. Familie Scapaniaceae. - 16. Familie Geocalycaceae. - 17. Familie Plagiochilaceae. - 18. Familie Amelliaceae. - 19. Familie Acrobolbaceae. - 20. Familie Pleuroziaceae. - 21. Familie Radulaceae. - 22. Familie Ptilidiaceae. - 23 . Familie Porellaceae. - 24. Familie Frullaniaceae. - 25. Familie Jubulaceae. - 26. Familie Lejeuneaceae. - 3. Klasse Musci (Bryopsida), Laubmoose. - 1. Unterklasse Sphagnidae, Torfmoose. - 2. Unterklasse Andreaeidae, Klaffmoose. - 3. Unterklasse Bryidae. - 1. Ordnung Polytrichales. - 2. Ordnung Buxbaumiales. - 3. Ordnung Tetraphidates. - 4. Ordnung Schistostegales. - 5. Ordnung Pissidentales. - 6. Ordnung Archidiales. - 7. Ordnung Dierauales. - 1. Familie Bruchiaceae. - 2. Familie Distichiaceae. - 3. Familie Ditrichaceae. - 4. Familie Seligeriaceae. - 5. Familie Dicranaceae. - 8. Ordnung Encalyptales. - 9. Ordnung Pottiales. - 1. Familie Calymperaceae. - 2. Familie Cinclidotaceae. - 3. Familie Pottiaceae. - 10. Ordnung Grimmiales. - 11. Ordnung Funariales. - 1. Familie Ephemeraceae. - 2. Familie Funariaceae. - 3. Familie Gigaspermaceae. - 4. Familie Disceliaceae. - 5. Familie Voitiaceae. - 6. Familie Oedipodiaceae. - 7. Familie Splachnobryaceae. - 8. Familie Splachnaceae. - 12. Ordnung Bryales. - 1. Familie Bryaceae. - 2. Familie Mniaceae. - 3. Familie Ptychomitriaceae. - 4. Familie Timmiaceae. - 5. Familie Bartramiaceae. - 6. Familie Aulacorrmiaceae. - 7. Familie Meesiaceae. - 8. Familie Catoscopiaceae. - 13. Ordnung Orthotrichales. - 1. Familie Orthotrichaceae. - 2. Familie Hedwigiaceae. - 14. Ordnung Neckerates. - 1. Familie Fontinalaceae. - 2. Familie Cryphaeaceae. - 3. Familie Leucodontaceae. - 4. Familie Neckeraceae. - 5. Familie Thamnobryaceae. - 6. Familie Hypopterygiaceae. - 7. Familie Climaciaceae. - 8. Familie Pterobryaceae. - 9. Familie Meteoriaceae. - 15. Ordnung Hookeriales. - 16. Ordnung Thuidiales. - 1. Familie Fabroniaceae (inkl. Myriniaceae). - 2. Familie Pterigynandraceae. - 3. Familie Leskeaceae. - 4. Familie Anomodontaceae. - 5. Familie Thuidiaceae. - 6. Familie Helodiaceae. - 17. Ordnung Hypnales. - 1. Familie Cratoneuraceae. - 2. Familie Hypnobartlettiaceae. - 3. Familie Amblystegiaceae. - 4. Familie Brachytheciaceae. - 5. Familie Entodontaceae. - 6. Familie Rhytidiaceae. - 7. Familie Plagiotheciaceae. - 8. Familie Sematophyllaceae. - 9. Familie Hypnaceae. - V. Weiterführende Literatur. - Regionale Floren. - Checklists. - Rote Listen. - Quellenverzeichnis. - Farnpflanzen - Pteridophyta. - I. Schlüssel zu den Gattungen der europäischen Farnpflanzen. - II. Systematischer Teil - Artenschlüssel. - 1. Klasse Lycopodiopsida (Bärlappartige). - 1. Ordnung Psilotales. - Familie Psilotaceae. - 2. Ordnung Lycopodiales. - Familie Lycopodiaceae (Bärlappe). - 3. Ordnung Selaginellales. - Familie Selaginellaceae (Moosfarne). - 4. Ordnung Isoetales. - Familie lsoetaceae (Brachsenkräuter). - 2. Klasse Equisetopsida. - Ordnung Equisetales. - Familie Equisetaceae (Schachtelhalme). - 3. Klasse Pteridopsida. - 1. Unterklasse Ophioglossidae. - Ordnung Ophioglossales. - Familie Ophioglossaceae (Natternzungen). - 2. Unterklasse Pterididae. - 1. Ordnung Osmundales. - Familie Osmundaceae (Königsfarne). - 2. Ordnung Pteridales. - 1. Familie Adiantaceae (Haarfarne). - 2. Familie Cryptogrammaceae (Rollfarne). - 3. Familie Gymnogrammaceae. - 4. Familie Actiniopteridaceae. - 5. Familie Sinopteridaceae (Pelzfarne). - 6. Familie Parkeriaceae. - 7. Familie Pteridaceae (Schwertfarne). - 8. Familie Hypolepidaceae (Adlerfarne). - 9. Familie Davalliaceae. - 3. Ordnung Hymenophyllales. - Familie Hymenophyllaceae (Hautfarne). - 4. Ordnung Polypodiales. - 1. Familie Polypodiaceae (Tüpfelfarne). - 2. Familie Grammitidaceae. - 5. Ordnung Cyatheales. - 1. Familie Dicksoniaceae. - 2. Familie Cyatheaceae. - 6. Ordnung Aspidiales. - 1. Familie Thelypteridaceae (Lappenfarne). - 2. Familie Lomariopsidaceae. - 3. Familie Nephrolepidaceae. - 4. Familie Aspleniaceae (Streifenfarne). - 5. Familie Woodsiaceae (Wimpernfarne). - 6. Familie Dryopteridaceae (Wurmfarne). - 7. Ordnung Blechnales. - Familie Blechnaceae (Rippenfarne). - 3. Unterklasse Salviniidae. - 1. Ordnung Salviniales. - 1. Familie Salviniaceae (Schwimmfarne). - 2. Familie Azollaceae (Algenfarne). - 2. Ordnung Marsileales. - Familie Marsileaceae (Kleefarne). - III. Weiterführende Literatur. - Regionale Floren, Checklists und Rote Listen. - Quellenverzeichnis. - Verzeichnis der verwendeten Fachausdrücke. - Register der Taxa.

Note: Contents: Preface. - List of Plates. - Figures in the Text. - Introduction. - PART I. BASIC CONCEPTS OF GLACIATION AND GLACIER BEHAVIOUR. - Chapter 1 Ice Ages and World Glaciation. - Chapter 2 Glacier Régimes. - Chapter 3 The Physical Properties of Ice and Types of Glacier. - Chapter 4 Ice Motion. - Chapter 5 Some Indirect Effects of Pleistocene Glaciation. - PART II. GLACIAL AND FLUVIOGLACIAL EROSION. - Chapter 6 Small-scale Features of Glacial and Fluvioglacial Erosion. - Chapter 7 Glaciated Valleys. - Chapter 8 Cirques. - Chapter 9 Glacial Erosion in Areas of Low Relief. - Chapter 10 Glaciation in Coastal Environments. - Chapter 11 Quantitative Aspects of Glacial Erosion. - Chapter 12 Erosion by Glacial Meltwater, and Glacial Diversion of Drainage. - PART III. GLACIAL AND FLUVIOGLACIAL DEPOSITION. - Chapter 13 General Considerations of Glacial and Fluvioglacial Deposition. - Chapter 14 Drumlins. - Chapter 15 Moraines. - Chapter 16 Fluvioglacial Ice-Contact Features: Eskers and Kames. - Chapter 17 Ice Stagnation Features. - Chapter 18 Proglacial Features. - Chapter 19 Glacial Lakes and Lacustrine Deposits. - PART IV. PERIGLACIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY. - Chapter 20 The Periglacial Environment: An Introductory Survey. - Chapter 21 Frozen Ground Phenomena. - Chapter 22 Patterned Ground. - Chapter 23 Periglacial Mass Movements and Slope Deposits. - Chapter 24 Altiplanation, Tors, Blockfields, and Stone Streams. - Chapter 25 The Action of Snow. - Chapter 26 Periglacial Wind Action. - Index.

Note: Heidelberg, Universität, Dissertation, 1997 , Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung. - 1 Einleitung. - 2 Grundlagen. - 2.1 Der grönländische Aerosolkörper. - 2.1.1 Schwefelkomponenten. - 2.1.2 Stickstoffkomponenten. - 2.1.3 Seesalzaerosol. - 2.1.4 Mineralstaub. - 2.2 Depositionsprozesse. - 2.2.1 Irreversible Depositionsprozesse. - 2.2.2 Reversible Depositionsprozesse. - 3 Zeitreihenanalyse. - 3.1 Problemstellung. - 3.2 Konzentrationszeitreihen. - 3.3 Methoden. - 3.3.1 Ausreißerdetektion. - 3.3.2 Trendanalyse. - 3.3.3 Frequenzanalyse. - 4 Methodik. - 4.1 Probennahme. - 4.1.1 Firnkernbohrungen. - 4.1.2 Schachtprobennahme. - 4.1.3 Aliquotienung und Probendekontamination. - 4.2 Ionenchromatographie. - 4.2.1 Kationenmethode. - 4.2.2 Anionenmethode. - 4.2.3 Blankwerte. - 4.2.4 Meßgenauigkeit. - 4.3 Atommassenspektrometrie. - 4.4 Datierung. - 4.4.1 Schachtdatierung. - 4.4.2 Datierung flacher Firnkerne. - 4.4.3 Datierung tieferer Firnkerne. - 4.5 Mittelungsprozeduren. - 5 Klimatologie. - 5.1 Glaziometeorologie. - 5.1.1 Temperatur. - 5.1.2 Schneeakkumulation. - 5.1.3 Deuteriumexzeß. - 5.2 Klimaänderungen. - 5.2.1 Isotopengehalt. - 5.2.2 Schneeakkumulation. - 5.3 Resümee. - 6 Glaziochemie Nordostgrönlands. - 6.1 Saisonale Variation. - 6.1.1 Sulfat. - 6.1.2 Nitrat. - 6.1.3 Seesalz. - 6.1.4 Mineralstaub. - 6.1.5 Methansulfonat. - 6.1.6 Ammonium. - 6.1.7 Zusammenfassung. - 6.2 Rezente geographische Verteilung. - 6.21 Sulfat. - 6.2.2 Nitrat. - 6.2.3 Seesalz. - 6.2.4 Mineralstaub. - 6.2.5 Methansulfonat. - 6.2.6 Ammonium. - 6.3 Vorindustrielle geographische Verteilung. - 6.3.1 Sulfat. - 6.3.2 Nitrat. - 6.3.3 Seesalz. - 6.3.4 Mineralstaub. - 6.3.5 Methansulfonat. - 6.3.6 Ammonium. - 6.3.7 Zusammenfassung. - 7 Depositionsmodell. - 7.1 Irreversible Deposition. - 7.2 Reversible Deposition. - 7.3 Deposition in Grönland. - 7.3.1 Sulfat. - 7.3.2 Seesalzaerosol. - 7.3.3 Mineralstaub. - 7.3.4 Nitrat. - 8 Glaziochemische Langzeitvariation. - 8.1 Natürliche Aerosolkomponenten. - 8.1.1 Mineralstaub. - 8.1.2 Seesalz. - 8.2 Biogener Schwefel. - 8.3 Anthropogene Spurenstoffgeschichte. - 8.3.1 Sulfat. - 8.3.2 Nitrat. - 8.3.3 Chloridexzeß. - 8.3.4 Ammonium. - 8.4 Vergleich mit anderen Zeitreihen. - 9 Ausblick. - Literaturverzeichnis. - Abbildungsverzeichnis. - Tabellenverzeichnis. - A Teststudie der Zeitreihenanalysemethoden. - A.1 Testdatensatz. - A.2 Ausreißerdetektion. - A.3 Trendanalyse. - A.3.1 Splineapproximation. - A.3.2 Singuläre Spektrum Analyse. - B Saharastaubreduktion des CCB-Kerns. - C IC-Analysenbedingungen. - D Probennahmen. - E Mittlere Kernparameter. - F Daten.

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: CONTENTS: Flight plan 1996. - C130 schedule. - NGRIP 1996 Schedule. - Overview of 1996 schedule. - Camp Layout. - Buildings. - Number of field participants. - NGRIP 1996 Sub programs. - CARDS Radar test. - KMS Elevation measurements. - SITREP. - Terms of Reference during the field operation. - Accidents and Illness. - Mail to NGRIP participants. - Cargo shipments to Greenland. - Personnel transport 1996. - Booze and drugs. - Vacation in Greenland. - Shipping boxes. - Welcome to the NGRIP camp. - List of participants. - NGRIP camp load. - Kangerlussuaq and Surrounding Area. - Thule Air Base, Greenland, Base Operations. - Other useful information for Thule passengers. - Uplift 1996. - Typical specs for LC-130 and Twin Otter. - Useful data. - Coordination of C-130 in Kangerlussuaq. - Aviation weather reports. - Typical communication plan. - Summary of frequencies used in Greenland. - Phonetic alphabet. - Personal field equipment. - Map of GRIP camp. - NGRIP, Maps of one and two line set up. - NGRIP trenches. - Map of Greenland. - Map of north Greenland. - Map of ice divide north of GRIP. - Map of magnetic declination in Greenland. - Positions in Greenland. - Relevant distances and directions. - 1996 Twin Otter hours. - List of NGRIP addresses.

Note: Contents Editor's Foreword Contributors' Forewords Acknowledgments Chapter 1 lntroduction and historical background / Grethe R. Hasle and Carmelo R. Tomas Chapter 2 Marine Diatoms / Grethe R. Hasle and Erik E. Syvertsen Introduction General Characteristics Life Cycles Morphology and Terminology Classification Genera Represented in Marine Plankton Centric Diatoms Pennate Diatoms Identification Content Description of Taxa Centric Diatoms Pennate Diatoms Methodology Collection and Concentration Unialgal Cultures as a Means for Species Identification Preservation and Storage Preparation for Light Microscopy Preparation for Electron Microscopy Microscopy What to Look for-General Hints for Identification and Preparation Taxonomic Appendix New Genus New Names Validation of Names New Nomenclatural Combinations Common Diatom Synonyms Index of Diatom Taxa References Chapter 3 Dinoflagelates / Karen A. Steidinger in Collaboration with Karl Tangen Introduction General Characteristics Dinoflagellates: Eukaryotic Unicells Terminology and Morphology Morphological Types General Cell Terms Microanatomy Characters Used in Identifying Prorocentroid Desmokont Cells Characters Used in Identifying Dinokont Cells Identification of Species Techniques for Preparation of Dinoflagellates for Identification Common Dinoflagellate Synonyms Index of Dinoflagellate Taxa References Chapter 4 Introduction / Carmelo R. Tomas Chapter 5 The Planktonic Marine Flagellates / Jahn Throndsen Introduction General Considerations Algal Flagellate Characteristics Flagellate Terminology Phytoflagellate Taxanomy Phytoflagellate Systematics Chromophyta Cryptophyceae Raphidophyceae Chrysophyceae Dictyochophyceae Prymnesiophyceae-Haptophyceae (Exclusive of Coccolithophorids) Chlorophyta Euglenophyceae Prasinophyceae Chlorophyeae Zooflagellates (Phylum Zoomastigophora) Choanoflagellidea Kinetoplastidea Ebriidea Techniques Preparing Samples for Observation Cultivation for Identification Preparation of Samples for Further Studies Specific Problems to Avoid Common Flagellate Synonyms Glossary Index of Flagellate Taxa References Chapter 6 Modern Coccolithophorids / Berit R. Heimdal Introduction General Characteristics Terminology and Morphology Problems in Studying Recent Coccolithophorids Classification Outline for Classification and Arrangement of Genera Systematic Descriptions Holococcolithophorids Heterococcolithophorids Common Coccolithophorid Synonyms Index of Coccolithophorid Taxa References Glossary General Index

Note: Inhalt Vorwort Foreword 1. Allgemeiner Teil 1.1 Einleitung 1.2 Methodik 1.2.1 Terminologie 1.2.2 Material 1.2.3 Bemerkungen zur Darstellung 1.2.4 Bemerkungen zur REM-Technik 1.2.5 Statistik in der taxonomischen Methodik 1.2.6 Taxonomisches Konzept 1.2.7 Bemerkungen zur Bestimmungstechnik 1.3 Merkmale und ihre Bewertung 1.3.1 Allgemeines 1.3.2 Schalenlänge 1.3.3 Schalenbreite 1.3.4 Relation Schalenlänge/Schalenbreite, Umriß, Schalenenden 1.3.5 Alveolen/Transapikalstreifen 1.3.6 Areolen/Punkte, Zahl und Form im LM und REM 1.3.7 Raphe 1.3.8 Stigmata und Stigmoide 1.3.9 Zellgürtel 1.3.10 Sonstige Merkmale, Habitus 1.3.11 Konvergenzen und Parallelitäten 1.4 Teilungszyklen, Verteilungen 1.4.1 Theoretische und tatsächliche Verteilungen 1.4.2 Variabilität von Erstlingszellen 1.4.3 Assoziationen mit ähnlichen syntopen und synchronen Arten 1.5 Ökologie 1.6 Die Gattung Cymbella sensu lato 2. Spezieller Teil 2.1 Encyonema Kützing 1833 2.1.1 Bemerkungen zu den folgenden Beschreibungen 2.1.2 Beschreibungen der Taxa 3. Lateinische Beschreibungen der neuen Taxa 3.1 Neue Gattungen 3.2 Neue Encyonema-Arten und -Varietäten Bildbeschriftungen der Taxa Index

Note: Masterarbeit, University of Waterloo, 1995 , TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE AUTHOR'S DECLARATION BORROWER'S PAGE ABSTRACT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DEDICATION LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF PLATES CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 PURPOSE 1.3 OBJECTIVES CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 THERMAL REGIME 2.3 INHERENT PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 2.4 HYDROLOGICAL REGIME 2.5 INTEGRATED STUDIES 2.6 SUMMARY CHAPTER 3 STUDY SITE LOCATION 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 REGIONAL CLIMATE 3.3 GEOLOGY 3.4 VEGETATION 3.5 COLOUR LAKE BASIN CHAPTER4 INHERENT PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACTIVE LAYER 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 METHODS 4.3 RESULTS 4.4 DISCUSSION 4.4.1 SS, EIF and GC Transects 4.4.2 Permafrost Transects 4.5 SUMMARY CHAPTER 5 THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACTIVE LAYER 5.1 lNTRODUCTION 5.2 THEORY 5.2.1 Energy Balance 5.2.2 Active Layer Development 5.3 METHODS 5.3.1 Energy Balance 5.3.2 Ground Thermal Regime 5.3.3 Predicting of Active Layer Depths 5.4 RESULTS 5.4.1 Energy Balance 5.4.2 Ground Thermal Regime 5.4.3 Predicting Active Layer Depths 5.5 DISCUSSION 5.S.1 Energy Balance 5.5.2 Ground Temperatures and Ground Heat Flux 5.5.3 Predicting Active Layer Depths 5.6 SUMMARY CHAPTER 6 HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACTIVE LAYER 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.2 THEORY 6.2.1 Moisture Distribution 6.2.2 Maximum Storage within the Active Layer 6.3 METHODS 6.3.1 Moisture Profiles Using TDR 6.3.2 Precipitation and Evaporation 6.3.3 Changes in Water Storage in the Active Layer 6.3.4 Maximum Water Storage in the Active Layer 6.4 RESULTS 6.4.1 Moisture Distribution 6.4.1.1 Water Content Peaks 6.4.1.2 Apparent Unfrozen Water Content 6.4.1.3 Temporal Trends of a Typical Moisture Profile 6.4.1.4 Deviations from a Typical Site 6.4.1.5 Moisture Distribution Along a Hillslope 6.4.2 Precipitation Infiltration 6.4.3. Water Storage 6.5 DISCUSSION 6.5.1 Effect of Hydrology on Active Layer Development 6.5.1.1 Precipitation 6.5.1.2 Ice and Water Content 6.5.1.3 Seasonal Changes in Soil Moisture Distribution 6.5.2 Effect of Active Layer on Hydrology 6.5.2. 1 Impermeable Boundary 6.5.2.2 Subsurface Ponding 6.5.2.3 Permafrost/Active Layer Boundary Topography 6.5.2.4 Effect of Active Layer Hydrology on Surface Water 6.6 SUMMARY CHAPTER 7 CLIMATE CHANGE AND ACTIVE LAYER DEVELOPMENT 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 SUMMARY 7.3 CLIMATE CHANGE 7.3.1 Introduction 7.3.2 Increase of Temperature 7.3.3 Changing Precipitation 7.4 REMOTE SENSING 7.5 RECOMMENDATION FOR FuRTHER RESEARCH APPENDIX A PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS APPENDIX A.1: ACTIVE LAYER DEPTHS APPENDIX B THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS APPENDIX B.1: BASE CAMP METEOROLOGICAL STATION OBSERVATIONS APPENDIX B.2: DAILY ENERGY-BALANCE SUMMARY APPENDIX B.3: MONTHLY AVERAGES FROM THE DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE METEOROLOGICAL STATION APPENDIX B.4: EXAMPLE OF DIURNAL FLUCTUATIONS IN TEMPERATURE AND ENERGY BALANCE COMPONENTS APPENDIX B.5: SOIL TEMPERATURES AT THE INTENSIVE STUDY SITES APPENDIX B.6: ACCUMULATED THAWING DEGREE DAYS APPENDIX B.7: CURVE FOR FENWALL THERMISTORS APPENDIX B.8: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN √ADDT AND √TT APPENDIX C HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS APPENDIX C.1: VOLUMETRIC WATER CONTENT VALUES APPENDIX C.2: POTENTIAL INFILTRATION REFERENCES , Englisch

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, Uppsala, 1997 , Contents Frozen soil hydrology Review and practical relevance The complex frozen soil environment Objectives Heat exchange above and within frozen soils Heat exchange at the snow surface Heat transfer through the snow pack Soil freezing characteristic curve Frost-induced solute redistribution Water infiltration and redistribution in frozen soil Experimental work Modelling Model versus measurements Conclusions Ongoing and future work Improved description of the processes at the pore scale Improved description of the snow pack Link to larger-scale models References Acknowledgments , Englisch

Note: Contents I Review of Current Concepts 1 Introduction 1.1 Sequence Stratigraphy: A New Paradigm? 1.2 From Sloss to Vail 1.3 Problems and Research Trends: The Current Status 1.4 Stratigraphic Terminology 2 Methods for Studying Sequence Stratigraphy 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Erecting a Sequence Framework 2.2.1 The Importance of Unconformities 2.2.2 Facies Cycles 2.2.3 Stratigraphic Architecture: The Seismic Method 2.3 Methods for Assessing Regional and Global Changes in Sea Level, Other Than Seismic Stratigraphy 2.3.1 Areas and Volumes of Stratigraphic Units 2.3.2 Hypsometric Curves 2.3.3 Backstripping 2.3.4 Sea-Level Estimation from Paleoshorelines and Other Fixed Points 2.3.5 Documentation of Meter-Scale Cycles 2.4 Integrated Tectonic-Stratigraphic Analysis 3 The Four Basic Types of Stratigraphic Cycle 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Supercontinent Cycle 3.3 Cycles with Episodicities of Tens of Millions of Years 3.4 Cycles with Million-Year Episodicities 3.5 Cycles with Episodicities of Less Than One Million Years 4 The Basic Sequence Model 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Terminology 4.3 Depositional Systems and Systems Tracts 4.4 Sequence Boundaries 4.5 Other Sequence Concepts 5 The Global Cycle Chart II The Stratigraphic Framework 6 Cycles with Episodicities of Tens to Hundreds of Millions of Years 6.1 Climate, Sedimentation, and Biogenesis 6.2 The Supercontinent Cycle 6.2.1 The Tectonic-Stratigraphic Model 6.2.2 The Phanerozoic Record 6.3 Cycles with Episodicities of Tens of Millions of Years 6.3.1 Intercontinental Correlations 6.3.2 Tectonostratigraphic Sequences 6.4 Main Conclusions 7 Cycles with Million-Year Episodicities 7.1 Extensional and Rifted Clastic Continental Margins 7.2 Foreland Basin of the North American Western Interior 7.3 Other Foreland Basins 7.4 Forearc Basins 7.5 Backarc Basins 7.6 Cyclothems and Mesothems 7;7 Carbonate Cycles of Platforms and Craton Margins 7.8 Evidence of Cyclicity in the Deep Oceans 7.9 Main Conclusions 8 Cycles with Episodicities of Less Than One Million Years 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Neogene Clastic Cycles of Continental Margins 8.3 Pre-Neogene Marine Carbonate and Clastic Cycles 8.4 Late Paleozoic Cyclothems 8.5 Lacustrine elastic and Chemical Rhythms 8.6 Clastic Cycles of Foreland Basins 8.7 Main Conclusions III Mechanisms 9 Long-Term Eustasy and Epeirogeny 9.1 Mantle Processes and Dynamic Topography 9.2 Supercontinent Cycles 9.3 Cycles with Episodicities of Tens of Millions of Years 9.3.1 Eustasy 9.3.2 Dynamic Topography and Epeirogeny 9.4 Main Conclusions 10 Milankovitch Processes 10.1 Introduction 10.2 The Nature of Milankovitch Processes 10.2.1 Components of Orbital Forcing 10.2.2 Basic Climatology 10.2.3 Variations with Time in Orbital Periodicities 10.2.4 Isostasy and Geoid Changes 10.2.5 The Nature of the Cyclostratigraphic Data Base 10.2.6 The Sensitivity of the Earth to Glaciation 10.2.7 Glacioeustasy in the Mesozoic? 10.2.8 Nonglacial Milankovitch Cyclicity 10.3 The Cenozoic Record 10.4 Late Paleozoic Cyclothems 10.5 The End-Ordovician Glaciation 10.6 Main Conclusions 11 Tectonic Mechanisms 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Rifting and Thermal Evolution of Divergent Plate Margins 11.2.1 Basic Geophysical Models and Their Implications for Sea-Level Change 11.2.2 Some Results from the Analysis of Modern Data Sets 11.3 Tectonism on Convergent Plate Margins and in Collision Zones 11.3.1 Magmatic Arcs and Subduction 11.3.2 Tectonism Versus Eustasy in Foreland Basins 11.3.2.1 The North American Western Interior Basin 11.3.2.2 The Appalachian Foreland Basin 11.3.2.3 Pyrenean and Himalayan Basins 11.3.3 Rates of Uplift and Subsidence 11.3.4 Discussion 11.4 Intraplate Stress 11.4.1 The Pattern of Global Stress 11.4.2 In-Plane Stress as a Control of Sequence Architecture 11.4.3 In-Plane Stress and Regional Histories of Sea-Level Change 11.5 Basement Control 11.6 Other Speculative Tectonic Hypotheses 11.7 Sediment Supply and the Importance of Big Rivers 11.8 Environmental Change 11.9 Main Conclusions IV Chronostratigraphy and Correlation: Why the Global Cycle Chart Should Be Abandoned 12 Time in Sequence Stratigraphy 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Hierarchies of Time and the Completeness of the Stratigraphic Record 12.3 Main Conclusions 13 Correlation, and the Potential for Error 13.1 Introduction 13.2 The New Paradigm of Geological Time? 13.3 The Dating and Correlation of Stratigraphic Events: Potential Sources of Uncertainty 13.3.1 Identification of Sequence Boundaries 13.3.2 Chronostratigraphic Meaning of Unconformities 13.3.3 Determination of the Biostratigraphic Framework 13.3.3.1 The Problem of Incomplete Biostratigraphic Recovery 13.3.3.2 Diachroneity of the Biostratigraphic Record 13.3.4 The Value of Quantitative Biostratigraphic Methods 13.3.5 Assessment of Relative Biostratigraphic Precision 13.3.6 Correlation of Biozones with the Global Stage Framework 13.3.7 Assignment of Absolute Ages 13.3.8 Implications for the Exxon Global Cycle Chart 13.4 Correlating Regional Sequence Frameworks with the Global Cycle Chart 13.4.1 Circular Reasoning from Regional Data 13.4.2 A Rigorous Test of the Global Cycle Chart 13.4.3 A Correlation Experiment 13.4.4 Discussion 13.5 Main Conclusions 14 Sea-Level Curves Compared 14.1 Introduction 14.2 The Exxon Curves: Revisions, Errors, and Uncertainties 14.3 Other Sea-Level Curves 14.3.1 Cretaceous Sea-Level Curves 14.3.2 Jurassic Sea-Level Curves 14.3.3 Why Does the Exxon Global Cycle Chart Contain So Many More Events Than Other Sea-Level Curves? 14.4 Main Conclusions V Approaches to a Modern Sequence-Stratigraphic Framework 15 Elaboration of the Basic Sequence Model 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Definitions 15.2.1 The Hierarchy of Units and Bounding Surfaces 15.2.2 Systems Tracts and Sequence Boundaries 15.3 The Sequence Stratigraphy of Clastic Depositional Systems 15.3.1 Pluvial Deposits and Their Relationship to Sea-Level Change 15.3.2 The Concept of the Bayline 15.3.3 Deltas, Beach-Barrier Systems, and Estuaries 15.3.4 Shelf Systems: Sand Shoals and Condensed Sections 15.3.5 Slope and Rise Systems 15.4 The Sequence Stratigraphy of Carbonate Depositional Systems 15.4.1 Platform Carbonates: Catch-Up Versus Keep-Up 15.4.2 Carbonate Slopes 15.4.3 Pelagic Carbonate Environments 15.5 Main Conclusions 16 Numerical and Graphical Modeling of Sequences 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Model Design 16.3 Selected Examples of Model Results 16.4 Main Conclusions VI Discussion and Conclusions 17 Implications for Petroleum Geology 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Integrated Tectonic-Stratigraphic Analysis 17.2.1 The Basis of the Methodology 17.2.2 The Development of an Allostratigraphic Framework 17.2.3 Choice of Sequence-Stratigraphic Models 17.2.4 The Search for Mechanisms 17.2.5 Reservoir Characterization 17.3 Controversies in Practical Sequence Analysis 17.3.1 The Case of the Tocito Sandstone, New Mexico 17.3.2 The Case of Gippsland Basin, Australia 17.3.3 Conclusions: A Modified Approach to Sequence Analysis for Practicing Petroleum Geologists and Geophysicists 17.4 Main Conclusions 18 Conclusions and Recommendations 18.1 Sequences in the Stratigraphic Record 18.1.1 Long-Term Stratigraphic Cycles 18.1.2 Cycles with Million-Year Episodicities 18.1.3 Cycles with Episodicities of Less Than One Million Years 18.2 Mechanisms 18.2.1 Long-Term Eustasy and Epeirogeny 18.2.2 Milankovitch Processes 18.2.3 Tectonic Mechanisms 18.3 Chronostratigraphy and Correlation 18.3.1 Concepts of Time 18.3.2 Correlation Problems, and the Basis of the Global Cycle Chart 18.3.3 Comparison of Sea-Level Curves 18.4 Modern Sequence Analysis 18.4.1 Elaboration of the Basic Sequence Model 18.4.2 Numerical and Graphical Modeling of Stratigraphic Sequences 18.5 Implications for Petroleum Geology 18.6 The Global-Eustasy Paradigm: Working Backwards from the Answer? 18.6.1 The Exxon Factor 18.6.2 Conclusions . 18.7 Recommendations References Author Index Subject Index

Note: Contents: Figures. - Tables. - Preface. - Illustrations. - 1. Introduction. - 1.1 Background. - 1.2 Scope of the text. - 1.3 World vegetation types. - 1.3.1 Vegetation formations and zones. - 1.3.2 Zonobiomes. - 1.3.3 Exoclimates. - 1.3.4 The Canadian vegetation classification system. - 1.3.5 Ecozones. - 1.3.6 Floristic realms. - 1.3.7 Plant species nomenclature. - 1.4 Soil classification and soil systems. - 1.5 Climatic parameters. - 1.5.1 The role of climate. - 1.5.2 Moisture indices. - 1.5.3 Climate diagrams. - 1.6 Plant strategies. - 1.6.1 Competition. - 1.6.2 Hydrature and moisture regulation. - 1.6.3 Life forms. - 1.6.4 Leaf morphology and adaptation. - 1.7 Biomass and net primary productivity. - 2. Tundra 2.1 Tundra distribution. - 2.2 Climate. - 2.3 Soils. - 2.4 Tundra in North America. - 2.4.1 Ecoclimatic sub-provinces and regions. - 2.4.2 High and mid-Arctic. - 2.4.3 Low Arctic. - 2.5 Tundra in other Northern Hemisphere locations. - 2.5.1 Arctic Tundra. - 2.5.2 Typical Tundra. - 2.5.3 Southern Tundra. - 2.5.4 Tundra on Arctic Islands. - 2.6 Tundea in the Southern Hemisphere. - 2.6.1 The Antarctic Subregion. - 2.6.2 The Sub-Antarctic Subregion. - 2.7 Alpine Tundra. - 2.7.1 Temperate-latitude alpine Tundra. - 2.7.2 Low-latitude (equatorial) alpine Tundra. - 2.8 Primary production and phytomass in Tundra. - 3. Forest-Tundra or Boreal-Tundra Ecotone. - 3.1 Definitions. - 3.2 Distribution. - 3.3 Climate. - 3.4 Soils. - 3.5 Forest-Tundra in Canada. - 3.5.1 Ecoclimatic sub-provinces. - 3.5.2 The shrub subzone (Northern Forest-Tundra). - 3.5.3 The forest subzone (Southern Forest Tundra). - 3.6 Eurasian Forest-Tundra. - 3.7 Primary production and phytomass in forest-Tundra. - 4. Boreal Forest (Taiga) and Mixed Forest Transition. - 4.1 Distribution. - 4.2 Climate. - 4.3 Soils. - 4.4 Boreal forest in North America. - 4.4.1 Open Lichen Woodland. - 4.4.2 Northern Coniferous Forest. - 4.4.3 Mixed-Forest (Boreal-Broadleaf ecotone). - 4.4.4 Mixed-Forest transition to grassland (Northern Mixedwoods). - 4.5 Eurasian Boreal. - 4.5.1 The European Boreal. - 4.5.2 The Siberian Boreal. - 4.5.3 Northwest Pacific Fringe Boreal. - 4.6 Primary production and phytomass in boreal forest. - 5. Prairie (Steppe). - 5.1 Distribution. - 5.2 Climate. - 5.2.1 North America. - 5.2.2 Climate in Eurasia and elsewhere. - 5.3 Soils. - 5.4 Prairie in North America. - 5.4.1 The Canadian Prairie. - 5.4.2 Prairie in the USA. - 5.5. Eurasian Steppe. - 5.6 Southern Hemisphere Grasslands. - 5.6.1 The High Veldt. - 5.6.2 The Pampas/Campos Grasslands. - 5.7 Primary production and biomass. - 6. Cordilleran Environments in Western North America. - 6.1 Canada's Cordilleran ecoclimatic provinces. - 6.1.1 Distribution. - 6.1.2 Climate. - 6.1.3 Soils. - 6.1.4 Pacific Coastal Mesothermal Forest. - 6.1.5 Pacific Coastal Subalpine Forest. - 6.1.6 Cordilleran Forest Region. - 6.1.7 Cordilleran Cold Steppe and Savanna Forst. - 6.1.8 Canadian Cordilleran Subalpine Forest. - 6.1.9 Alpine Tundra and Boreal Forest. - 6.2 The Cordilleran Region in the USA. - 6.2.1 Distribution. - 6.2.2 Northwest Coast Conifer-Hardwood Forests. - 6.2.3 Montane Pine Forests. - 6.2.4 Sagebrush and Grasslands. - 6.2.5 Interior Hemlock-Douglas-Fir-Larch. - 6.2.6 Subalpine Forest. - 6.3 Primary Production and Phytomass. - 7. Temperate Deciduous Forests. - 7.1 Distribution. - 7.2 Climate. - 7.3 Soils. - 7.4 Temperate Deciduous Forest in North America. - 7.4.1 Canada. - 7.4.2 United States of America. - 7.4.3 Southern Mexico and South America. - 7.5 Europe. - 7.5.1 Atlantic Deciduous Forest. - 7.5.2 Central European Deciduous Forest. - 7.5.3 East European Deciduous Forest. - 7.6 Asia. - 7.7 Southern Hemisphere. - 7.8 Primary Production and Phytomass. - 8. Wetlands. - 8.1 Introduction. - 8.2 Climate. - 8.3 Soils. - 8.4 Canadian Wetland Classification. - 8.4.1 Canadian Wetland Classification System. - 8.4.2 Wetland classes. - 8.4.3 Wetland forms and types. - 8.5 Canadian Wetlands. - 8.5.1 Arctic Wetlands. - 8.5.2 Subarctic Wetlands. - 8.5.3 Boreal Wetlands. - 8.5.4 Prairie Wetlands. - 8.5.5 Temperate Wetlands. - 8.5.6 Oceanic Wetlands. - 8.5.7 Mountain Wetlands. - 8.6 Wetlands in the USA. - 8.7 Eurasian Wetlands. - 8.7.1 European Wetlands. - 8.7.2 Asian Wetlands. - 8.8 Central and South American Wetlands. - 8.9 African Wetlands. - 8.10 Austromalesian and Pacific Wetlands. - 8.11 Phytomass and Primary Production. - 9. Conclusion. - Appendix: Biomials and their local names as used in the text. - Bibliography. - Index.

Note: Zugl.: Bonn, Univ., Diss., 1994 , Inhaltsverzeichnis: Einleitung. - Notation. - 1 Lineare Theorie. - 1.1 Das lineare Problem mit glatten Koeffizienten. - 1.1.1 Starke Lösungen. - 1.1.2 Reguläre Lösungen. - 1.2 Beispiele. - 1.3 Strikt negative Randbedingungen. - 1.4 Das lineare Problem mit Sobolev-Koeffizienten. - 1.4.1 Glatte Randbedingungen. - 1.4.2 Strikt negative Randbedingungen. - 2 Lokale quasilineare Theorie. - 2.1 Lineare Randbedingungen. - 2.2 Quasilineare Randbedingungen. - 3 Globale quasilineare Theorie spezieller Gleichungen. - 3.1 Lokaler Energieabfall. - 3.1.1 Der Ganzraumfall. - 3.1.2 Elliptische Systeme im Außengebiet. - 3.1.3 Die Abschätzung der Resolvente. - 3.1.4 Lokaler Energieabfall. - 3.2 Lp - Lq-Abschätzungen. - 3.2.1 Lp-Lq-Abschätzungen im ℝ3. - 3.2.2 Die Lp-Lq-Abschätzung in Ω. - 3.3 Globale Existenz für eine Klasse von nichtlinearen Weyl-Gleichungen. - 3.3.1 A-priori-Abschätzung der lokalen Lösung. - 3.3.2 Der Beweis von Theorem 3.60. - A Regularität von Produkten von schwach differenzierbaren Funktionen. - B Regularität zusammengesetzter Funktionen. - C Die Abschätzung des nichtlinearen Terms. - D Diverse Beweise.

Note: In Fraktur

Note: Contents: Abstract. - Acknowledgements. - Introduction: Environmental change, paleolimnology, and diatoms. - Chapter 1: Diatoms as indicators of salinity and brine composition. - Chapter 2: Diatoms as indicators of lake trophic status. - References. - Plates. - Appendices. - Species Index.

Note: Teilw. zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1995

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1994 u.d.T.: Vorkommen, Verteilung und Umsatz ausgewählter biogener Spurenstoffe in antarktischen Gewässern

Note: Zugl.: Kiel, Univ., Diss., 1996

Note: Contents: Preface. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 Physical characteristics of the Antarctic. - 1.2 A brief history of Antarctic meteorology. - 1.3 The role of the Antarctic atmosphere in the global climate system. - 2 Observations and instrumentation. - 2.1 Observing in the Antarctic. - 2.2 Instruments for meteorological measurements. - 2.3 Automatic weather stations. - 2.4 Drifting buoys. - 2.5 Surface-based remote sensing. - 2.6 Satellites, space-based observing systems and ground stations. - 2.7 The station network and communications. - 2.8 Data sets and data centres. - 3 Physical climatology. - 3.1 Radiation. - 3.2 Temperature and humidity. - 3.3 Pressure, geopotential and wind. - 3.4 Clouds and precipitation. - 3.5 Sea ice and the Southern Ocean environment. - 4 The large-scale circulation of the Antarctic atmosphere. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 The heat budget. - 4.3 Atmospheric circulation and the vorticity budget. - 4.4 The water vapour budget. - 4.5 Representation of the Antarctic atmosphere in general circulation models. - 5 Synoptic-scale weather systems and fronts. - 5.1 Introduction. - 5.2 The role of depressions. - 5.3 Depressions in the Antarctic and over the Southern Ocean. - 5.4 Climatology. - 5.5 Preparation of operational analyses and forecasts. - 5.6 Future research needs. - 6 Mesoscale systems and processes. - 6.1 Local wind systems. - 6.2 Internal gravity waves. - 6.3 The atmospheric boundary layer. - 6.4 Blowing snow. - 6.5 Mesocyclones. - 7 Climate variability and change. - 7.1 Variations in the historical climate record. - 7.2 Interactions with the tropical and mid-latitude circulation. - 7.3 Future climate predictions - Antarctica in a 'greenhouse' climate. - Appendix A: A chronological list of stations that have made multi-year meteorological observations in the Antarctic and on the sub-Antarctic islands. - Appendix B: A chronological list of automatic weather stations that have been deployed in the Antarctic and on the sub-Antarctic Islands. - References. - Index.

Note: Zugl.: Braunschweig, Univ., Diss., 1996

Note: Contents Preface Acknowledgements Chapter 1. Recognition of paleosols Traces of life Soil horizons Soil structure What else could it be? Chapter 2. Alteration of paleosols after burial Burial decomposition of organic matter Burial gleization of organic matter Burial reddening of iron oxides and hydroxides Cementation of primary porosity Compaction Illitization of smectite Coalification of peat Kerogen maturation and cracking Recrystallization of carbonate Metamorphism Common patterns of alteration Chapter 3. Interpretation of paleosols Wetland paleosols of coal measures Aridland paleosols of calcareous red beds Paleosols at major geological unconformities Many influences on soils Chapter 4. Colour photographs Root traces Other biogenic traces Soil horizons Soil structures Soil microfabric Formation of paleosols Classification of paleosols Burial alteration of paleosols Chapter 5. Methods in palaeopedology Field documentation and sampling Petrographic thin sections Mineral determination by X-ray diffraction Bulk density determination Bulk chemical analysis Palaeopedology itself References Glossary Index

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1995

Note: INHALT: Vorwort / J. H. Schroeder. - I GRUNDLAGEN. - I-1 Geologie des Untergrundes. - 1.1 Der präquartäre Untergrund / W. Stackebrandt, H. Beer. - 1.2 Die Quartärbasis / H. Jortzig. - 1.3 Das Quartär: Sedimentologie und Stratigraphie / J. H. Schroeder mit Beiträgen von L. Lippstreu, H. Ziermann, R . Zwirner. - I-2 Oberflächennahe Glazialgeologie und Geomorphologie / R. Weiße. - I-2.1 Überblick. - I-2.2 Zur Geschichte der Erforschung. - I-2.3 Grundsätze der Aufnahme und Interpretation. - I-2.4 Morphographie des Potsdamer Gebietes. - I-2.5 Naturräumlicher Überblick. - I-2.6 Ausgewählte glazigene Sedimente. - 2.6.1 Weichselkaltzeitliche Tille. - 2.6.2 Saalekaltzeitliche Tille. - 2.6.3 Elsterkaltzeitliche Tille. - I-2.7 Glaziale Baustiltypen der Potsdamer Umgebung. - 2.7.1 Die Grundmoränentypen. - 2.7.2 Stauch(end)moränen- und Satzendmoränentypen. - 2.7.3 Sander. - 2.7.4 Niedertauformen (Kames, subglaziale Rinnen). - 2.7.5 Schmelzwasserbahnen. - 2.7.6 Glaziale Hohlformen (Tiefrinnen und Seen). - I-2.8 Die Entstehung der Ländchen- (Insel-, Platten-) Niederungs-Struktur. - I-2.9 Periglaziale Oberflächenformen und Strukturen. - 2.9.1 Periglazialerscheinungen der Endmoränen- sowie Kamesrücken und -berge. - 2.9.2 Periglazialerscheinungen der Grundmoränen. - 2.9.3 Periglazialerscheinungen der Sander/Innensander. - 2.9.4 Periglazialerscheinungen der Schmelzwasserniederungen und Urstromtäler. - 2.9.5 Periglaziale Steinanreicherungen. - I-3 Spätglaziale und holozäne Klimaentwicklung am Beispiel des großen Fercher Kesselmoors / V. Rowinsky. - I-4 Böden im Raum Potsdam / D. Knothe. - II EXKURSIONSROUTEN / R. Weiße. - II-1 Glazial- und Periglazialrelief der hohen Stauchmoräne der Kahleberge mit aufgesetzten Kames. - II-2 Relief, Baustil und Genese des Templiner Innensanders. - II-3 Satzendmoräne auf gestauchtem Sockel in der Fresdorfer Heide. - II-4 Die weichselkaltzeitliche Caputher Niedertau- (Kames-) Hügellandschaft. - II-5 Die periglazial zertalte Stauch(end)moräne Wietkikenberg. - II-6 Ferch und die Gletschertorrinne. - II-7 Die Natur-Kulturlandschaft Petzow. - II-8 Aussicht vom Fuchsberg; gestauchte Glindower Grundmoränenplatte. - II-9 Die Ziegeleigruben Glindow; Geschichte der Ziegelproduktion. - II-10 Der Kiessandzug von Bochow-Damsdorf. - II-11 Gestapelter Geschiebemergel an der Phöbener Kerbstauch(end)moräne. - II-12 Weichselkaltzeitlicher Sand-Durchspießungsrücken Mühlenberg bei Buchow-Karpzow. - III ERGÄNZENDE BEITRÄGE. - III-1 Hydrogeologische Verhältnisse / A . Hermsdorf, B. Rechlin. - III-2 Salzwasserquellen in Mittelbrandenburg / W. Schirrmeister. - lll-3 Hydrographie der Potsdamer Havelgewässer / E- Jungfer. - lII-4 Schwermetalle in der Havel / P. Hoelzmann. - III-5 Bodenschätze im Potsdamer Havelland: Geschichte der Nutzung / G . Stackebrandt. - Ill-6 Sedimentärgeschiebe im Exkursionsgebiet, insbesondere in der Kiesgrube Fresdorfer Heide / G . Engelhardt. - III- 7 Geotope und deren Schutz / D. Göllnitz . - III-8 Naturschutz in der Nuthe-Nieplitz-Niederung / U. Hermel. - IV QUELLEN. - IV-1 Literatur / Alle Autoren. - IV-2 Karten / J. H. Schroeder, R. Weiße. - V FACHWÖRTER KURZ ERKLÄRT / M . Müller. - VI INDIVIDUELLES EXKURSIONSVERZEICHNIS.

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1995

Note: Zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 1994 u.d.T.: Untersuchung zur jahreszeitlichen Variation der Circadianrhythmik der Körpertemperatur und der Befindlichkeit sowie zum Arbeits- und Schlafverhalten bei fünf männlichen Überwinterern in der Antarktis

Note: Table of Contents: CHAPTER 1: THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISOTOPES: Environmental Isotopes in Hydrogeology. - Stable Isotopes: Standards and Measurement. - Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. - Radioisotopes. - Isotope Fractionation. - Isotope Fractionation (a), Enrichment (e), and Separation (D). - CHAPTER 2: TRACING THE HYDROLOGIGICAL CYCLE: Craig's Meteoric Relationship in Global Fresh Waters. - Partitioning of Isotopes Through the Hydrological Cycle. - Condensation, Precipitation, and the Meteoric Water Line. - A Closer Look at Rayleigh Distillation. - Effects of Extreme Evaporation. - CHAPTER 3: PRECIPITATION: The T - d18O Correlation in Precipitation. - Local Effects on T - d18O. - Ice Cores and Paleotemperature. - CHAPTER 4: GROUNDWATER: Recharge in Temperate Climates. - Recharge in Arid Regions. - Recharge from River-Connected Aquifers. - Hydrograph Separation in Catchment Studies. - Groundwater Mixing. - CHAPTER 5: TRACING THE CARBON CYCLE: Evolution of Carbon in Groundwaters. - Carbonate Geochemistry. - Carbon-13 in the Carbonate System. - Dissolved Organic Carbon. - Methane in Groundwaters. - Isotopic Composition of Carbonates. - CHAPTER 6: GROUNDWATER QUALITY: Sulphate, Sulphide and the Sulphur Cycle. - Nitrogen Cycles in Rural Watersheds. - The "Fuhrberger Feld" Study. - Source of Chloride Salinity. - Landfill Leachates. - Degredation of Chloro-organics and Hydrocarbon. - Sensitivity of Groundwater to Contamination. - Summary of Isotopes in Contaminant Hydrology. - CHAPTER 7: IDENTIYING AND DATING MODERN GROUNDWATERS: The "Age" of Groundwater. - Stable Isotopes. - Tritium in Precipitation. - Dating Groundwaters with Tritium. - Groundwater Dating with 3H -3He. - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). - Thermonuclear 36Cl. - Detecting Modern Groundwaters with 85Kr . - Submodern Groundwater. - CHAPTER 8: AGE DATING OLD GROUNDWATERS: Stable Isotopes and Paleogroundwaters. - Groundwater Dating with Radiocarbon. - Correction for Carbonate Dissolution. - Some Additional Complications to 14C Dating. - 14C Dating with Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC). - Case Studies for 14C dating with DOC and DIC. - Chlorine-36 and Very Old Groundwater. - The Uranium Decay Series. - CHAPTER 9: WATER-ROCK INTERACTION: Mechanisms of Isotope Exchange. - High Temperature Systems. - Low Temperature Water-Rock Interaction. - Strontium Isotopes in Water and Rock. - Isotope Exchange in Gas-Water Reactions. - High pH Groundwaters-The Effect of Cement Reactions. - CHAPTER 10: FIELD METHODS FOR SAMPLING: Groundwater. - Water in the Unsaturated Zone. - Precipitation. - Gases. - Geochemistry. - References. - Subject Index. - Each chapter has Problems sections.

Note: Teilw. zugl.: Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., 1994

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1994

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1996

Note: Contents Preface 1 Chemical equilibrium 1.1 Some introductory concepts 1.2 Equilibrium constants 1.3 Reaction quotient 1.4 LeChatelier' s principle Exercises 2 Chemical thermodynamics 2.1 The first law of thermodynamics; enthalpy 2.2 Enthalpies of reaction and formation 2.3 Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics 2.4 The third law of thermodynamics; absolute entropies 2.5 Criteria for equilibrium and spontaneous transformation 2.6 Standard free energy changes 2. 7 Free energy change and the equilibrium constant 2.8 Chemical potential; homogeneous nucleation of water-vapor condensation Exercises 3 Chemical kinetics 3.1 Reaction rates 3.2 Reaction mechanisms 3.3 Reaction rates and equilibria 3.4 Collision theory of gaseous reactions 3.5 The effect of temperature on reaction rates: the Arrhenius' relation 3.6 Catalysis 3.7 Half-life, residence time, and renewal time Exercises 4 Solution chemistry and aqueous equilibria 4.1 Definitions and types of solutions 4.2 Solution concentrations 4.3 Factors affecting solubility 4.4 Colligative properties 4.5 Aqueous solutions; electrolytes 4.6 Aqueous equilibria 4.7 Strong and weak electrolytes; ion-product constant for water Exercises 5 Acids and bases 5.1 Some definitions and concepts 5.2 The nature of H+(aq) 5.3 The Brønsted-Lowry theory; conjugate acid-base pairs 5.4 The Lewis theory 8 5.5 Strengths of acids and bases; acid-dissociation (or ionization) constant 5.6 The pH scale 5.7 Polyprotic acids 5.8 Hydrolysis 5.9 Buffers 5.10 Complex ions 5.11 Mass balance and charge balance relations 5.12 The pH of rainwater Exercises 6 Oxidation-reduction reactions 6.1 Some definitions 6.2 Oxidation numbers 6.3 Balancing oxidation-reduction reactions 6.4 Half-reactions in electrochemical cells 6.5 Strengths of oxidants and reductants; standard cell and half-cell potentials 6.6 Standard cell potentials and free-energy change 6.7 The Nernst equation 6.8 Redox potentials; Eh-pH diagrams 6.9 Gram-equivalent weight and normality Exercises 7 Photochemistry 7.1 Some properties of electromagnetic waves 7.2 Some photochemical terminology and principles 7.3 Quantum yields 7.4 Rate coefficients for photolysis 7.5 Photostationary states 7.6 Stratospheric ozone and photochemistry; depletion of stratospheric ozone Exercises Appendix I International system of units (SI) Appendix II Some useful numerical values Appendix III Atomic weights Appendix IV Equilibrium (or dissociation) constants for some chemical reactions Appendix V Some molar standard Gibbs free energies of formation, molar standard enthalpies (or heats) of formation and molar absolute entropies at 25°C and 1 atmosphere Appendix VI Names, formulas, and charges of some common ions Appendix VII Answers to exercises and hints and solutions to selected exercises Index

Note: Inhalt: Vorwort zur 1. Auflage. - Vorwort zur 2. Auflage. - Grundkapitel: Das Mikroklima und die Mikroklimaforschung. - Die bodennahe Störungszone. Großklima oder Makroklima. Das Klima der bodennahen Luftschicht. Pflanzenklima gegenüber Menschenklima. Mikroklima. Definitionen. Geschichte der Mikroklimatologie. Stellung zu den Nachbarwissenschaften. - ERSTER TEIL: VOM MIKROKLIMA, DAS IN DER BODENNAHEN LUFTSCHICHT DURCH DIE NÄHE DER BODENOBERFLÄCHE ENTSTEHT. - I. Abschnitt: Der Wärmeumsatz in der bodennahen Luftschicht. - 1. Kapitel: Der Wärmeumsatz an der Bodenoberfläche um Mittag. Der Einstrahlungstypus. - Verwertung der Sonnenstrahlung. Bedeutung der Bodenoberfläche. Vollstrählung und Horizontalstrahlung. Strahlung im Gebirge. Wärmeumsatz um Mittag. Der Einstrahlungstypus. Die großen Temperaturgradienten und die Staubhosenbildung. - 2. Kapitel: Der Wärmeumsatz an der Bodenoberfläche bei Nacht. Der Ausstrahlungstypus. - Ausstrahlung, Gegenstrahlung, effektive Ausstrahlung. Bewölkungseinfluß. Strahlung nach verschiedenen Himmelsrichtungen. Ausstrahlung in Mulden, Furchen und Tälern. Ausstrahlung im Gebirge. Der Wärmeumsatz bei Nacht. Der Ausstrahlungstypus. - 3. Kapitel: Die echte Wärmeleitung. Der normale Temperaturverlauf im Boden. - Überblick über die vier Formen der Wärmeübertragung. Gesetze der Wärmeleitung im Boden. Wärme- und Temperaturleitfähigkeit. Täglicher und jährlicher Temperäturgang im Boden. Witterung und Bodentemperatur. Der Boden als Wärmespeicher. Bodentemperatur im Gebirge. - 4. Kapitel: Der Massenaustausch und seine Bedeutung. - Laminare und turbulente Strömung. Grundgleichung des Austausches. Der Austauschkoeffizient. Seine Änderung mit der Höhe. Die blättrige Struktur der bodennahen Luftschicht. Dynamischer und thermischer Austausch. Beispiele für die Wirkung des Austausches. Samenverbreitung. - 5. Kapitel: Der Strahlungsumsatz in der bodennahen Luftschicht. - Die Luft als Bandenstrahler. Absorptionsbanden des Wasserdampfs und der Kohlensäure. Strahlungsscheinleitung. Wellenlängentransformation am Boden. Ausbildung der nächtlichen Inversion. Langwellige Strahlung bei Tage. - II. Abschnitt: Die Temperaturverhältnisse der bodennahen Luftschicht. - 6. Kapitel: Der Erwärmungsvorgang. - Die bodennahe Grenzschicht. Temperaturen im ersten Millimeter über dem Boden. Der dunkle Streifen. Einleitung des Austausches. Die bodennahe Zwischenschicht und Oberschicht. Aufstrudeln der Heißluft. Temperaturunruhe. Temperaturstreubänder. Abkühlung am Boden durch Umschichtung. Theoretisches. - 7. Kapitel: Der Abkühlungsvorgang. - Stabilität der nächtlichen Temperaturschichtung. Bedeutung des Staubgehalts. Kältekonvektion. Der Vorrang der Strahlungsvorgänge. Minima über der Bodenoberfläche. Typen abendlicher Temperaturverteilung. Aufbau und Zerstörung der nächtlichen Kaltlufthaut. - 8. Kapitel: Der tägliche und jährliche Gang der Temperatur. - Der Wunsch nach statistischem Material. Beobachtungstechnik. Wahre Lufttemperatur und Versuchskörpertemperatur. Vor- und Nachteile beider Methoden. Täglicher und jährlicher Temperaturgang nach Messungen in Europa, Ägypten und Indien. Tagestemperaturschwankung in Bodennähe. Häufigkeit der Frostwechsel. Einfluß der Bewölkung. - 9. Kapitel: Der Temperaturgradient in der bodennahen Luftschicht. - Häufigkeitsverteilung der vorkommenden Gradienten. Täglicher und jährlicher Gang. Vorzeichenwechsel des Gradienten am Morgen und Abend. Einfluß von Wasserdampfgehalt und Bewegung der Luft. Gradienten bei Bodennebel. - III. Abschnitt: Die anderen meteorologischen Elemente in der bodennahen Luftschicht. - 10. Kapitel: Die Feuchtigkeitsverhältnisse. - Rolle der bodennahen Luftschicht im Wasserhaushalt. Der Naßtyp der Feuchtigkeitsverteilung als Normaltyp. Der Trockentyp. Änderung des Dampfdrucks und der relativen Feuchtigkeit mit der Höhe im Tagesgang. Beobachtungen in Deutschland, Finnland und Indien. Zusammenfassung. Feuchtigkeitsschwankung in Bodennähe. Mikroklimatische Methoden der Feuchtigkeitsmessung. - 11. Kapitel: Die Windverhältnisse. - Änderung der Windgeschwindigkeit mit der Höhe. Abhängigkeit von Temperaturgradient und Unterlage. Tagesgang der Windgeschwindigkeit. Häufigkeit der Windstillen am Boden. Transport von Staub und Schnee. Temperaturwirkung des Windes bei Nacht. Inversionszerstörung. Temperaturgradient, Windgradient und Windgeschwindigkeit in ihrer gegenseitigen Verflechtung. Der Sturm tötet das Mikroklima. - 12. Kapitel: Optische, akustische und andere Erscheinungen. - Optische Inhomogenität der bodennahen Luftschicht. Schlierenbildung. Die Luftspiegelung nach unten. Elektrisches Feld. Gehalt an Radiumemanation. Schallausbreitung. - IV. Abschnitt: Der Einfluß der Unterlage auf das bodennahe Klima. - 13. Kapitel: Die Temperaturen der Bodenoberfläche. - Reflexzahl für drei Spektralbereiche und verschiedene Oberflächen. Definition der Oberflächentemperatur. Direkte und indirekte Messung derselben. Quecksilberthermometer, elektrische Thermometer, Bügeleisenmethode, Wachskugelmethode. Temperaturen auf Asphalt. Vergleich mit Schwarzkugeltemperatur. Einfluß der Oberflächehfarbe. Technische Oberflächen. Eisenbahnschienen. Das Auffrieren des Bodens. - 14. Kapitel: Einfluß von Bodenart und Bodenzustand. - Grenzgebiet zur Bodenkunde. Temperaturgang in verschiedenen Bodenarten. Extreme und gemäßigte Mikroklimate. Einfluß der Bodenbearbeitung und der Bodenfeuchtigkeit. Beobachtung der Bodeneigenschaften bei Schneefall, Reifbildung und Glatteis. - 15. Kapitel: Die wassernahe Luftschicht. - Das Wasser als austauschfähiger Boden. Eindringtiefe der Strahlung. Abhängigkeit der Reflexzahl der Wasseroberfläche von der Sonnenhöhe. Temperaturen des Oberflächenwassers im Meere, in Seen und in Tümpeln. Tagestemperaturschwankung über dem Ozean. Die wassernahe Luftschicht über der Ostsee. Messungen in Teich und Schilf. - 16. Kapitel: Die schneenahe Luftschicht. - Reflexzahl der Schneeoberfläche. Lichtklima über Schnee. Strahlungsdurchlässigkeit der Schneedecke. Temperaturen in und über der Schneedecke. Wärmeschutz. Frostfeste, tauende und lückige Schneedecke. Abschmelztrichter und Eisplattenbildung. - 17. Kapitel: Die Luftschicht über einem lebenden Bodenüberzug (Rasendecke). - Einfluß einer Pflanzendecke. Grasminimumthermometer. Schon Kümmerwuchs mildert die hohen Bodentemperaturen. Die Fußringelkrankheit. Vergleich von Rollfeld und Rasenfläche am Flugplatz. Temperaturbeobachtungen in der Rasendecke. - Anhang: Über die quantitative Erfassung des Wärmehaushalts der Bodenoberfiäche. - Bedeutung, Umfang und Geschichte des Problems. Die vier Hauptstücke des Wärmeumsatzes. Messungen bei Schneelage. Wärmeumsatz in den vier Jahreszeiten nach Messungen in Potsdam und Pälkäne. - ZWEITER TEIL: DAS MIKROKLIMA IN SEINEN BEZIEHUNGEN ZUR GELÄNDEGESTALTUNG, ZU PFLANZE, TIER UND MENSCH. - Einleitung: Eine grundsätzliche neue Art von Mikroklimabildung, Mesoklimatologie, Bioklimatologie. - V. Abschnitt: Der Einfluß des Geländes. - 18. Kapitel: Kaltluftfluß und Kaltluftstau. - Entstehung der Kälteseen. Abfluß und Aufstau der Kaltluft. Frostflächen bei München und Eberswalde. Die Doline Gstettneralm. Wirkung auf Pflanzen- und Tierwelt. Der Kältepol der Erde mikroklimatisch bedingt. Maastalkatastrophe 1930. Geschwindigkeit gleitender Kaltluft, Rhythmus abtropfender Kaltluft. - 19. Kapitel: Nächtliche Temperaturverhältnisse in Tälern. - Unterschied von Kaltluft- und Wasserbewegung. Warme Hangzone. Abendliches Hochwandern der Inversion. Höhenlage der warmen Hangzone und Beziehung zur Pflanzenwelt. Beispiele vom Arber. Zeitlicher Temperaturverlauf. Sichtbarwerden der nächtlichen Temperaturschichtung. - 20. Kapitel: Die Kaltluftwinde (Hangabwind, Talabwind und Gletscherwind). - Kaltluftfluß, Hangabwind und Talabwind. Der Wisperwind. Luftlawinen in Europa und Afrika. Der Gletscherwind als Tageskaltluftwind. - 21. Kapitel: Die Besonnung der verschiedenen Hanglagen. - Berechnung der Hangb

Note: Contents: Preface. - 1 Preliminary information. - 1.1 Definition of the climatic system. - 1.2 Scales of temporal variability and its mechanisms. - 1.3 Predictability and non-uniqueness. - 1.4 Methods of experimental research. - 1.4.1 Ground-based measurements. - 1.4.2 Satellite measurements. - 2 Present state of the climatic system. - 2.1 Initial information. - 2.2 Mass budget. - 2.3 Heat budget. - 2.4 Moisture budget. - 2.5 Energy budget. - 2.6 Angular momentum budget. - 2.7 Carbon budget. - 3 Small-scale ocean-atmosphere interaction. - 3.1 Surface atmospheric layer. - 3.2 Vertical distribution of the mean velocity over an immovable smooth surface: viscous sublayer; logarithmic boundary layer. - 3.3 Vertical distribution of the mean velocity over an immovable rough surface: roughness parameter; hydrodynamic classification of underlying surfaces. - 3.4 Hydrodynamic properties of the sea surface. - 3.5 Wind-wave interaction. - 3.6 Vertical distribution of the temperature and passive admixture over an immovable surface. - 3.7 Coefficients of resistance, heat exchange and evaporation for the sea surface. - 3.8 The Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. - 3.9 Transformation of the thermal regime of the surface atmospheric layer in the presence of wind-wave interaction. - 3.10 Methods for estimating surface fluxes of momentum heat and humidity. - 3.11 Methods for estimating C02 flux at the ocean-atmosphere interface. - 3.12 Features of small-scale ocean- atmosphere interaction under storm conditions. - 4 Mesoscale ocean-atmosphere interaction. - 4.1 The planetary boundary layer. - 4.2 Problem of closure. - 4.2.1 First-order closure. - 4.2.2 Second-order closure. - 4.3 Laws of resistance and heat and humidity exchange. - 4.4 System of planetary boundary layers of the ocean and atmosphere. - 4.4.1 Theoretical models using a priori information on the magnitude and profile of the eddy viscosity coefficient. - 4.4.2 Simplest closed models. - 4.4.3 Semiempirical models not using a priori information on the magnitude and profile of the eddy viscosity coefficient. - 5 Large-scale ocean-atmosphere interaction. - 5.1 Classification of climatic system models. - 5.2 Similarity theory for global ocean-atmosphere interaction. - 5.3 Zero-dimensional models. - 5.4 One-dimensional models. - 5.5 0.5-dimensional (box) models. - 5.6 1.5-dimensional models. - 5.7 Two-dimensional (zonal) models. - 5.8 Three-dimensional models. - 5.9 ENSO as a manifestation of the inter-annual variability of the ocean-atmosphere system. - 6 Response of the ocean-atmosphere system to external forcing. - 6.1 Sensitivity of the climatic system: mathematical methods of analysis. - 6.2 Equilibrium response to a change in ocean-land area ratio. - 6.3 Equilibrium response to a change in the concentration of atmospheric CO2. - 6.4 Equilibrium response to a change in land surface albedo. - 6.5 Equilibrium response to a change in soil moisture content. - 6.6 Equilibrium response to a change in vegetative cover. - 6.7 Transient response to a change in the concentration of atmospheric CO2. - References. - Index. , Aus d. Russ. übers.

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1996

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1994

Note: Contents: Preface. - 1. Core OL-92 from Owens Lake: Project rationale, geologic setting, drilling procedures, and summary / G. I. Smith and J. L. Bischoff. - 2. Stratigraphy, lithologies, and sedimentary structures of Owens Lake core OL-92 / G. I. Smith. - 3. Climatic signals in clay mineralogy and grain-size variations in Owens Lake core OL-92, southeast California / K. M. Menking. - 4. Responses of sediment geochemistry to climate change in Owens Lake sediment: An 800-k.y. record of saline/fresh cycles in core OL-92 / J. L. Bischoff, J. P. Fitts, and J. A. Fitzpatrick. - 5. Movement and diffusion of pore fluids in Owens Lake sediments from core OL-92 as shown by salinity and deuterium-hydrogen ratios / I. Friedman, J. L. Bischoff, C. A. Johnson, S. W. Tyler, and J. P. Fitts. - 6. Paleomagnetism and magnetic susceptibility of Pleistocene sediments from drill hole OL-92, Owens Lake, California / J. M. Glen and R. S. Coe. - 7. Age and correlation of tephra layers, position of the Matuyama-Brunhes chron boundary, and effects of Bishop ash eruption on Owens Lake, as determined from drill hole OL-92, southeast California / A. M. Sarna-Wojcicki, C. E. Meyer, and E. Wan. - 8. A time-depth scale for Owens Lake sediments of core OL-92: Radiocarbon dates and constant mass-accumulation rate / J. L. Bischoff, T. W. Stafford, Jr., and M. Rubin. - 9. A diatom-based paleohydrologic record of climate change for the past 800 k.y. from Owens Lake, California / J. P. Bradbury. - 10. Ostracodes in Owens Lake core OL-92: Alternation of saline and freshwater forms through time / C. Carter. - 11. Paleobiotic and isotopic analysis of mollusks, fish, and plants from core OL-92: Indicators for an open or closed lake system / J. R. Firby, S. E. Sharpe, J. F. Whelan, G. R. Smith, and W. G. Spaulding. - 12. An 800,000-year pollen record from Owens Lake, California: Preliminary analyses / R. J. Litwin, D. P. Adam, N. O. Frederiksen, and W. B. Woolfenden. - 13. Synthesis of the paleoclimatic record from Owens Lake core OL-92 / G. I. Smith, J. L. Bischoff, and J. P. Bradbury. - Index.

Note: Inhaltverzeichnis: Expeditionsleiter. - 8. Juni 1930; Pfingstsonntag. - Reifejahre. - Behütete Kindheit. - Studienjahre. - Ein Weltrekord im Fluge!. - Ein Leben für die Wissenschaft. - Grönland!. -Auf unbekannten Wegen. - Triumpf und Unglück. - Privatdozent in Marburg. - Driftende Kontinente. - Neue Pläne. - Probe auf Island. - Wieder in Grönland. - Auf dem Rücken des Gletschers. - Durch die weiße Wüste. - Treue Gefährtin. - Krieg!. - 134Neubeginn. - Professor in Hamburg. - Mondkrater. - Karibisches Intermezzo. - Ruf nach Graz. - Ein Traum wird wahr. - Vorbereitungen. - Im Motorboot vor Grönland. - Erfolgreicher Aufstieg. - Suche nach einem Zugang. - Auf dem Kamarujuk. - Mit Hundeschlitten ins Innere. - Der letzte Winter. - 13.6.1930, der 35. Wartetag. - Die Transporte. - Eismitte. - Erinnerungen. - Anhang. - Literatur. - Verzeichnis der Abbildungen. - Orts-, Sach- und Personenregister.